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Contribution of Tourist Cultural Heritage Sites in Community Livelihood in Bagamoyo District

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Contribution of Tourist Cultural Heritage Sites in Community Livelihood in Bagamoyo District The University of Dodoma University of Dodoma Institutional Repository http://repository.udom.ac.tz Natural Sciences Master Dissertations 2015 Contribution of tourist cultural heritage sites in community livelihood in Bagamoyo district. Mrema, Dickson John The University of Dodoma Mrema, D. J. (2015). Contribution of tourist cultural heritage sites in community livelihood in Bagamoyo district. Dodoma: The University of Dodoma. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/730 Downloaded from UDOM Institutional Repository at The University of Dodoma, an open access institutional repository. CONTRIBUTION OF TOURIST CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES IN COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD IN BAGAMOYO DISTRICT By Dickson John Mrema A Research submitted in partial fulfilments of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Natural Resource Management of the University of Dodoma University of Dodoma October, 2015 CERTIFICATION The undersigned certifies that he has read and hereby recommends for an acceptance by the University of Dodoma a dissertation entitled “The Contribution of Tourist Cultural Heritage Sites in Community livelihoods: A Case study of Bagamoyo District, Coastal Region” in fulfillment of the requirements for a degree of Masters of Science in Natural Resource Management at the University of Dodoma. …………………………………………………… Prof. Abiud Kaswamila (SUPERVISOR) Date………………………………………. i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT I Mrema Dickson J, declare that, this dissertation is my own original work and that it has not been presented and will not be presented, to any other University for a similar or any other degree award. Signature……………………………………. This dissertation is a copyright material protected under the copy right Act of 1999, and other International and National enactments on intellectual property. No part of this dissertation may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author or the University of Dodoma. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank God, for giving me an opportunity, to undertake this study for my academic fulfillments. My deepest gratitude goes to my supervisor Prof Abiud Kaswamila, for his guidance and valuable contributions in writing this dissertation. His commitments, made the whole study successful. I wish to express my sincere thanks to Mr. Obed Chaula, who is the Bagamoyo District Tourism officer, who contributed much of his time during the field work and other Government responsible leaders, from Bagamoyo District, especially the Ward Executive Officers (WEOs) of Dunda Ward and Village leaders of Shaurimoyo, Soko jipya and Mwambao for allowing me to collect data in their respective administrative areas. This work could not have been accomplished without their permission. A large number of people have contributed directly or indirectly to this work. I would like to thank all lecturers from the department of Geography and Environmental studies as well students from the Natural Resource Management class. In a special way, I also express my appreciation to my parents, my lovely wife Josephine Magambo our daughter Genesis Mrema and all my relatives for their patience and support during my studies, especially when they had to divert family resources, in the name of financing my academic work, even though they were in need. Additional thanks goes to my friends, Erasto H. Mang’enya, Charles Cleth, Adam Mpoda, Rose Mawenya, Biliel Ngowo and Manguye John for their moral support. Finally, I would like thank all those who have contributed to the knowledge or provided vital information, but their names might have been omitted. This study is highly indebted to their contribution. iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to Col. John Mrema and Madam Cecilia P. Nyaki. iv ABSTRACT This study had assessed the Contribution of Tourist Cultural Heritage sites in the community livelihood which was conducted in Bagamoyo District, in three selected villages namely; Shaurimoyo, Soko jipya and Mwambao. Data were collected by using household questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions and interviews. One hundred respondents and twelve key informants were involved in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 11.5, and content analysis, was used for qualitative information. Results have revealed that, majority of the respondents, were aware of the tourist cultural heritage sites such as Kaole ruins, Caravan serai, Ngome Kongwe and Catholic Museums. In addition, the overall majority did not benefit from the cultural heritage sites, though a fewer respondents indicated to receive benefits, such as an increase of income, capacity building, expansion and growth of trade, provision of social services and the provision of area for conducting business. Moreover, (88.8%) of respondents indicated that, they were not employed in tourism while (11.2%) responded to be employed. Challenges that hindered the local community to benefits were identified such as inadequate benefits sharing, poor participation in tourism activities and lack of awareness of tourism benefits, also respondents proposed measures to ensure they acquired benefits such as ensuring of equitable benefits sharing mechanism, raise awareness on tourism activities, promotion of tourism and an encouragement of tourism investment in Bagamoyo. The study concludes that, tourist cultural heritage sites are important for improving livelihoods of the local community in Bagamoyo through investing on tourism activities. Therefore, the Government, NGOs and tourism stakeholders have to ensure that local communities are fully involved and participating on eco-tourism which could improve the economy of local community hence, livelihood development. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................... i DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT ........................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONOMYS ............................................................................ xv CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY ......................................................1 1.1 Background to the study ...........................................................................................................1 1.2. Statement of the problem .........................................................................................................3 1.3. Research Objectives .................................................................................................................4 1.3.1 General Objective ..................................................................................................................4 1.3.2 Specific objectives .................................................................................................................4 1.3.3 Research Questions ................................................................................................................4 1.4 Significant of the study .............................................................................................................5 vi 1.5. Organization of the Dissertation ..............................................................................................5 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................6 LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................6 2.1 Concept of cultural tourism, Eco-Cultural tourism in enhancing livelihood ............................6 2.2. Livelihood benefits from cultural heritage ...............................................................................7 2.3. Policies context and their implication in Cultural Tourism .....................................................8 2.4. Participation of Community in tourism ...................................................................................9 2.5. Tourism and Socio-Economic Development ........................................................................ 10 2.6. The Push and Pull Theory ..................................................................................................... 12 2.7. Conceptual framework .......................................................................................................... 13 2.7. Knowledge Gap .................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 16 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 16 3.1 Study area Selection Criteria.................................................................................................
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