Coordinates: 50°34′34″N 2°32′55″W HMS M2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

HMS M2 was a submarine monitor completed in 1919, converted in 1927 into the world's first submarine . She was shipwrecked in Lyme Bay, Dorset, Britain, on 26 January 1932. She was one of three M-class boats completed.

Contents

1 Design and career HMS M2 retrieving her 2 The accident History

3 The aftermath Name: HMS M2 4 See also Builder: Vickers 5 References Laid down: 1916 Launched: 1919 6 Bibliography Fate: Sank during exercise, 26 7 External links January 1932 General characteristics

Class & type: M-class submarine Design and career Displacement: 1,594 long tons (1,620 t) (surfaced) Four M-class submarines replaced the order for the last four K-class submarines, K17-K21. Although they were similar in 1,946 long tons size, the M class was an entirely different design from the K class, although it is possible that some material ordered for the K-boats went into them. In any event, the end of the First World War meant that only three were completed. (1,977 t) (submerged) M2 was laid down at Vickers shipyard at Barrow in Furness in 1916, and launched in 1919. Like the other members of her Length: 295 ft 9 in (90.14 m) class, she was armed with a single fixed 12-inch (305mm) gun as well as torpedo tubes. The Mark IX gun was taken from Beam: 24 ft 8 in (7.52 m) spares held for the Formidable-class battleships. Installed 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) The M-class submarines were very large for the time at 296 feet (90 m) long. They were designed to operate as power: (diesel engines) submarine monitors or cruisers. They displaced 1,600 long tons (1,600 t) on the surface and 1,950 long tons (1,980 t) 3,200 hp (2,400 kW) when submerged. Two 12-cylinder diesel engines producing 2,400 hp (1,800 kW) drove them on the surface; underwater, (electric motors) they were driven by electric motors producing 1,500 hp (1,100 kW). Propulsion: 2 × 12-cylinder After the accidental sinking of M1 in 1925, M2 and her sister M3 were taken out of service and reassigned for Vickers diesel experimental use. Her 12-inch gun was removed, replaced by a small aircraft hangar, the work being completed in 1927. engines This could carry a small Parnall Peto seaplane, specially designed for the M2, which, once its wings had been unfolded, 4 × electric motors could be lowered onto the sea alongside by a derrick for take off. On landing, the aircraft was hoisted back onto the deck 2 × 3-blade, 5 ft 10 in and replaced into the hangar. In October 1928, a hydraulic aircraft catapult was fitted, to enable the seaplane to take off (1.78 m) diameter [1] directly from the deck. The submarine was intended to operate ahead of the battle fleet in a reconnaissance role, propellers [2] flying off her unarmed seaplane as a scout. Speed: 15 kn (17 mph; 28 km/h) (surfaced) The concept of a submarine cruiser was pursued with X1, but was not a success and was later abandoned. 8–9 kn (9.2–10.4 mph; 15–17 km/h) The accident (submerged) Range: 2,000 nmi (2,300 mi; M2 left her base at Portland on 26 January 1932, for an exercise in West Bay, Dorset, carrying Parnall Peto serial N255. 3,700 km) at 15 kn Her last communication was a radio message at 10:11 to her submarine depot ship, Titania, to announce that she would dive at 10:30. The captain of a passing merchant ship, the Newcastle coaster Tynesider, mentioned that he had seen a (17 mph; 28 km/h) large submarine dive stern first at around 11:15. Unaware of the significance of this, he only reported it in passing once 4,500 nmi (5,200 mi; he reached port.[3] 8,300 km) at 10 kn (12 mph; 19 km/h) Her entire crew of 60 was killed in the accident.[4] The submarine was found on 3 February, eight days after her loss.[5] Endurance: 80 nmi (92 mi; 150 km) at Ernest Cox, the salvage expert who had raised the German battleships at Scapa Flow, was hired to salvage the M2. In an 2 kn (2.3 mph; 3.7 km/h) operation lasting nearly a year and 1,500 dives, on 8 December 1932, she was lifted to within 20 ft (6.1 m) of the surface Test depth: 200 ft (61 m) - accidentally before a gale sprang up, sending her down to her final resting place. reached 239 ft (73 m) in The hangar door was found open and the aircraft still in it. The accident was believed to be due to water entering the 1923 submarine through the hangar door, which had been opened to launch the aircraft shortly after surfacing. Complement: 62 Armament: 1 × 12-inch Two explanations have been advanced. The first is that since the crew were always trying to beat their record time for launching the aircraft, they had opened the hangar door on surfacing while the deck was still awash. The other theory is (305mm)/40 cal that the flooding of the hangar was due to failure of the stern hydroplanes. High pressure air tanks were used to bring Mark IX gun with 50 the boat to the surface in an awash condition, but to conserve compressed air compressors were then started to rounds (removed completely clear the ballast tanks of water by blowing air into them. This could take as long as 15 minutes to complete. 1928) The normal procedure for launching the aircraft was therefore to hold the boat on the surface using the hydroplanes 1 × 3 in (76 mm) Mk whilst the hangar door was opened and the aircraft launched. Failure of the rear hydroplanes would have sent the stern II HA anti-aircraft down as observed by the merchant officers and water would have eventually entered the hangar. gun 4 × 18-inch (450mm) The aftermath bow torpedo tubes with 4 reload The submarine currently lies upright on the sea bed at (50°34.6′N 2°33.93′W). Her keel is about 100 ft (30 m) below the torpedoes surface at low tide, and her highest point at the top of the conning tower at around 66 ft (20 m). She is a popular dive for Aircraft 1 × Parnall Peto seaplane scuba divers. The wreck is designated as a "protected place" under the Protection of Military Remains Act 1986. carried: After the loss of M2, the Royal Navy abandoned submarine-launched aircraft, although other navies experimented with Aviation Hangar and Hydraulic the concept in the inter-war years and with Japan producing some 42 submarine aircraft carriers both before and during facilities: catapult the Second World War.[6]

See also

I-400-class submarine

References

1. Flightglobal Archive - Aviation History - Flight, July 31, 1931 (p. 759) (http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1931/1931%20-%200813.html) 2. Flight, July 31, 1931 (pp. 762-3) (http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1931/1931%20-%200817.html) 3. Treadwell 1999, pp. 45–46. 4. Treadwell 1999, p. 52. 5. Treadwell 1999, pp. 47, 50. 6. Dorr Carpenter, Dorr B. & Polmar, Norman. Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy, Conway Maritime Press, 1986.

Bibliography

Innes McCartney (2002). Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel. Brown, D.K. (2003) The Grand Fleet: Warship Design and Development 1906-1922, London: Caxton Editions, ISBN 1-84067-531-4 Treadwell, T.C. (1999) Strike from beneath the Sea: a history of aircraft-carrying submarines, Stroud, UK: Tempus Publishing. ISBN 0-7524-1704-5 SI 2008/0950 (http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2008/uksi_20080950_en_1) Designation under the Protection of Military Remains Act

External links

Gulls of War, October 1931 (http://books.google.com/books? Wikimedia Commons has media related to HMS M2. id=vuQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA532&dq=flying+boats+dornier&hl=en&ei=_rx4TPSJFJS6ngeGudicCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CD8 Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=flyingboatsdornier&f=true) article Popular Mechanics "Sub Launches Plane With Catapult", October 1931, Popular Science (http://books.google.com/books? id=CigDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA48&dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&hl=en&ei=Kd0DTe6AD4KUnQeVpvDlDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum =9&ved=0CEAQ6AEwCDgU#v=onepage&q&f=true)

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Categories: British M-class submarines Barrow-built ships 1919 ships submarines of the United Kingdom Submarine aircraft carriers Maritime incidents in 1932 British submarine accidents Shipwrecks in the English Channel Protected Wrecks of the United Kingdom Wreck diving sites in the United Kingdom

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