Missed Objects in the HST archive An insight of the ALICE project

Elodie Choquet Hubble Fellow, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology

The ALICE Team and collaborators: R. Soummer (PI), M. Perrin, L. Pueyo, B. Hagan, C. Chen, D. Golimowski, J. Debes, D. Hines, G. Schneider, C. Stark, A. Moro-Martin, D. Mawet, E. Gofas-Salas, S. Wolff, J. Mazoyer, M. N’Diaye, M. Ygouf, A. Greenbaum, B. Ren, J. Milli

© 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged Imaging of Outer Regions

Atmospheric analysis of planets

Orbital analysis of planets

Morphologic analysis of disks

Dust properties of disks

Planet-dust interactions

Lagrange et al. 2009, 2010 Exoplanet gallery

HR 8799 b, c, d, e beta Pic b

HR 95086 b 51 Eri b HIP 65426 Exoplanet gallery

HR 8799 b, c, d, e beta Pic b

Keck VLT

HR 95086 b 51 Eri b HIP 65426

VLT Gemini VLT "Hubble can't image exoplanets" "Hubble can't image exoplanets" 1.2•10-15 HR8799b χ2 - 1100/3.4/0.5/0.0 - 0.7 R 1.0•10-15 Jup G - 1200/3.8/0.5/0.0 - 0.6 RJup 8.0•10-16

HR -16 8799 - Planets b, c, d 6.0•10

4.0•10-16 2.0•10Best-16 direct spectro-photometry 0 4•10-15 1.2•10-15 HR8799bHR8799c χ2 - 1100/3.4/0.5/0.01200/3.9/0.5/0.0 - 0.71.0 R -15 Jup 2008 1.0•10 3•10 G - 1200/3.8/0.5/0.0 - 0.61.0 RJup 8.0•10-16 -15 2•10-16 Keck Telescope

6.0•10] -1

m -16

4.0•10µ -15 . 1•10 -2 2.0•10-16

-150 4•10-15

-15 HR8799dHR8799c 3•10 2 χ - 1200/3.9/0.5/0.01200/4.4/0.5/0.0 - 1.01.1 RJup -15 Jup 3•10 G - 1200/3.8/0.5/0.01300/4.5/0.5/0.0 - 1.00.9 RJup 2•10-15 Absolute flux [W.m 2•101•10-15 ] -1

m 0

µ -15 . 1•10 -2 -1•10-15

-2•10-150 4•10-15

4•10-15 HR8799dHR8799e 3•10-15 2 χ - 1200/4.4/0.5/0.01200/3.7/0.5/0.0 - 1.11.0 RJup -15 3•10 G - 1300/4.5/0.5/0.01300/4.1/0.5/0.0 - 0.9 RJup 2•10-15 -15

Absolute flux [W.m 2•10 1•10-15 1.10-15 0 H 0 Ks [3.3] L’ [4.05] M’ -15 z J H3 K1K2 L L L L L L -1•10100% NB1 NB2 NB3 NB4 NB5 NB6 T -2•100%-15 Marois et al. 2008 1 2 3 4 5 4•10-15 HR8799e Wavelengths [µm] 2 χ - 1200/3.7/0.5/0.0 - 1.0 RJup -15 3•10 G - 1300/4.1/0.5/0.0 - 0.9 RJup -15 Discovery Bonnefoy2•10 et al. 2016 7 1.10-15 H 0 Ks [3.3] L’ [4.05] M’ z J H3 K1K2 L L L L L L 100% NB1 NB2 NB3 NB4 NB5 NB6 T 0% 1 2 3 4 5 Wavelengths [µm] HR 8799 - Planets b, c, d

1998 2008 Hubble Space Telescope Keck Telescope

Lafrenière et al. 2009 Soummer et al. 2011 Marois et al. 2008 RE-Discovery Discovery Starlight Subtraction Methods

Classical Subtraction

T R Residuals

1''

Telescope Roll Reference star Starlight Subtraction Methods

Advanced Subtraction

T R Residuals

1''

Synthetic image Lafrenière et al. 2007 Soummer et al. 2012 Marois et al. 2014 Creating PSF libraries for HST

Pupil Tracking Strategy 10+yr Archives Short Exposures Long-term stability

Raw image Classical Advanced

~10-4 ~10-5 The ALICE Program Archival Legacy Investigations of Circumstellar Environments

Generalization to the whole NICMOS archive

400 targets

Planet Survey Other

Disk Survey

12 ALICE Point Source Detections New planet / BD candidates Keck Followup campaign

N N N N N HST E E E E E 1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' 1''

N N N N N N

E E E E E 1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' E 1''

Keck N N N N N

E E E E E 1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' 1''

N

N N N N N

E E E E E 1.'' 1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' E

13 NICMOS Debris Disks Detections

HR 4796 HD 141569 HD 32297 HD 181327 HD 61005

Augereau et al. Schneider et al. Weinberger et al. Schneider et al. Schneider et al. Hines et al. 1999 1999 2005 2006 2007

5 Ground 4 HR 4796 NICMOS 3 HD 141569 STIS 2 Beta Pic ACS Number 1 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year NICMOS Debris Disks Detections

HR 4796A HD 141569 HD 32297 HD 181327 HD 61005

Augereau et al. Schneider et al. Weinberger et al. Schneider et al. Schneider et al. Hines et al. 1999 1999 2005 2006 2007

N N 0.45'' N N N N E 1'' E E E E E 1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' ALICE processing, same dataset ALICE Debris Disks Detections First Image Very First Image in scattered-light

N N N

1'' 1'' 1'' XXXXXXX, F110W TWA 7, F160W E HD 35650, F160W E TWA 25, F160W E 1'' 1'' 1''

Soummer et al. 2014 Choquet et al. 2016 Choquet et al. 2017 N N N 1'' 1'' Choquet et al. in prep 49 Ceti, F110W E XXXXXXX, F110W E HD 377, F110W E 1'' 1.'' 1'' Debris Disks in Scattered-Light

★ ALICE's disks: 28% 10 000. ● Others: 72%

● ● ●

) ● 1000. Myr

( ● ● ●

Age ★ 100. ★ ● ●●● ★★ ★ ★ ● ★ ★ ● ● ● ● ● ★● ●● ● ● ● 10. ★★ ● ● ● ●

M5 K5 G5 F5 A5 B5 Spectral Type Debris Disks in Scattered-Light near-IR + visible

★ ALICE's disks: 28% HST-STIS, cycle 21 10 000. ● Others: 72% PI: M. Perrin

● ● ●

) ● 1000. Myr

( ● ● ●

Age ★ 100. ★ ● ●●● ★★ ★ ★ ● ★ ★ ●★★★● ● ● ★● ★● ●● ● ● ● 10. ★★ ● ● ● ●

M5 K5 G5 F5 A5 B5 Spectral Type Blown-out Particles Detection

NICMOS STIS - visible-light NICMOS near-IR Log10 scale Log10 scale near-IR

N N

1'' 1'' HD-35841 E HD-30447 E 1'' 1''

Log10 scale Log10 scale

N N 1'' 1'' HD-191089 E HD-141943 E 1'' 1'' Parent Belt color/near-IR color Classical Subtraction

B. Ren (JHU) N

52 AU E 1''

Advanced Subtraction Forward Modeling

N N N

52 AU 52 AU 52 AU E E E 1'' 1'' 1'' Debris Disks in Scattered-Light near-IR + visible ... across spectral types

★ ALICE's disks: 28% HST-STIS, cycle 21 10 000. ● Others: 72% PI: M. Perrin

● HST-STIS, cycle 25 ● ●

) ● PI: E. Choquet 1000. Myr

( ● ● ●

Age ★ ★ 100. ★ ★● ●●● ★★ ★ ★ ● ★ ★ ●★★★●★● ● ★ ★● ★★● ●● ● ● ● 10. ★★ ● ●●● ● ★★ ●

M5 K5 G5 F5 A5 B5 Spectral Type Conclusion & Prospects

1: Pushing detection limits reveals a faint disks 2: New population of disks with low albedos 3: Complementary data to constrain the composition

N N N N

1'' 1'' 1'' 1'' 49 Ceti, F110W E TWA 25, F160W E HD 35650, F160W E HD 377, F110W E 1'' 1'' 1'' 1''