Higher Higher Education in Regional and City Development Education Higher Education in Regional and City State of Paraná, Brazil Development Paraná is one of the most prosperous states in Brazil and has invested in higher in education, science and technology, and public-private partnerships. Its higher Regional State of Paraná, education scene is dominated by federal and state universities, but the private sector enrols a much higher number of students, particularly from low socio- Brazil economic backgrounds. and City Faced with growing global competition, how can Paraná build its capacity as an internationally attractive place to live, work, invest and study? How can it promote Development business formation and develop its existing industry and small and medium-sized enterprises? How can it address the long-term challenges of poverty and inequality? How can its higher education sector support this development? This publication is part of the series of OECD reviews of Higher Education in State of Paraná, Brazil Regional and City Development. These reviews help mobilise higher education institutions for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. They analyse how the higher education system impacts upon regional and local development and bring together universities, other higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and to work towards them. 89 2010 15 E www.oecd.org/publishing Higher Education in Regional and City Development State of Paraná, Brazil 2011 This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. ISBN 978-92-64-089020 (PDF) Cover credits: Photo: © Joel Rocha / Departamento de Publicidade e Propaganda da Paraná Turismo Design: © Francisco Esquer Marques Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda © OECD 2011 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected] Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Universities and other higher education institutions can play a key role in human capital development and innovation systems in their cities and regions. Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development are the OECD’s vehicle to mobilise higher education for economic, social and cultural development of cities and regions. The reviews analyse how the higher education system impacts local and regional development and help improve this impact. They examine higher education institutions’ contribution to human capital and skills development; technology transfer and business innovation; social, cultural and environmental development; and regional capacity building. The review process facilitates partnership building in regions by drawing together higher education institutions and public and private agencies to identify strategic goals and work together towards them. To know more about the OECD review process and requirements, visit Higher Education and Regions’ website at www.oecd.org/edu/imhe/regionaldevelopment. These reviews are part of a wider multi-annum work of higher education in cities and regions co-ordinated by the OECD Programme on Institutional Management in Higher Education (IMHE). In 2004-07, the OECD/IMHE conducted an extensive study with 14 regional reviews across 12 countries. This resulted in the OECD flagship publication Higher Education and Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged (OECD, 2007) with recommendations to benefit both higher education institutions and national and regional governments. In 2008, the OECD/IMHE launched a second series of OECD Reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development to address the demand by national and regional governments for more responsive and active higher education institutions. As a result, 14 regions in 11 countries participated in the OECD review process in 2008-10. The reviews were carried out by the OECD/IMHE in collaboration with international organisations and associations and other OECD programmes and directorates. This work also supports the OECD Innovation Strategy and OECD Green Growth Strategy. This OECD review of the State of Paraná, Brazil is part of the second round of OECD reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT: STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL – © OECD 2011 4 – FOREWORD Development and a follow-up to the review of Northern Parana in 2005-07. There has been an important cultural change since the first OECD review visit. Today, higher education leaders in Paraná are more willing to collaborate with their regional stakeholders in the public and private sector. This shows promise for a new phase of regional development in Paraná. HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT: STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL– © OECD 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements Numerous national and regional stakeholders and representatives of higher education institutions provided valuable insights and comments during the review visit. The OECD would like to thank in particular the leadership and staff of the Federal University of Paraná (UFP), the Federal Technological University of Parana (UTFPR) and Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR) who participated in the review process and opened their doors to the OECD review team; the regional co-ordinating team Cassio Rolim and Mauricio Serra as well as other active local counterparts for this review, including Agencia Curitiba, the Federation of Industries of the State of Paraná (FIEP) and the small business company SEBRAE (Serviços de Apoio à Pequena Empresa no Paraná). This publication draws on interviews carried out during a week-long review visit from 6 to 12 December 2009, on the findings of the State of Paraná’s Self-evaluation Report and using additional information provided to the review team. The OECD review team had a full programme and were received openly by a wide range of stakeholders. However, it is also necessary to note the limitations of this report. The review team visited only a small number of higher education institutions in Paraná; only one private higher education institution, the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, participated in the self-evaluation and OECD review phase, while none of the state universities in Paraná took part in the review. The peer review visit was co-ordinated by Ernesto Flores, a Mexican national seconded from Sonora Institute of Technology (ITSON) to the OECD/IMHE for a 15-month period. This publication was co-ordinated by Jaana Puukka (OECD/IMHE) with the support from Oscar Valiente (OECD/IMHE), Austin Delaney (OECD/IMHE), Philip Wade (former OECD Secretariat), José-Ginés Mora (University of London/Valencia University of Technology, Spain) and Carlos Roberto Azzoni (University of São Paulo, Brazil). In addition, Salvador Malo (Mexican Competitiveness Institute, Mexico) participated in the review visit. Further details about the review team can be found in Annex 1 of this report. Rachel Linden supervised the publication process. Freya Damrell provided support in the final editing phase. HIGHER EDUCATION IN REGIONAL AND CITY DEVELOPMENT: STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL – © OECD 2011 6 – TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents List of acronyms .................................................................................................. 10 Assessment and recommendations .................................................................. 15 Chapter 1. Paraná and its higher education institutions in context ................ 31 1.1 Economic and historical overview ............................................................ 32 1.2 Geography and connectivity ...................................................................... 33 1.3 Administrative organisation ...................................................................... 35 1.4 Demography and society ........................................................................... 38 1.5 Regional economy ..................................................................................... 42 1.6 Higher education in Brazil ........................................................................ 46 1.7 Higher education in Paraná ....................................................................... 53 1.8. Regional development perspectives ......................................................... 58 1.9. Role of HEIs in regional development in Paraná ..................................... 61 Annex 1.1. Economy of Paraná ........................................................................ 68 Annex 1.2. Sectors and technological areas .................................................... 72 References .......................................................................................................... 74 Chapter 2. Human capital