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The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters Volume 95 • 2018 Includes selected and refereed articles from the 2018 Annual Conference held at Southern Utah University April 7, 2018 Editor Kristin L. Kraus Copyright 2019, Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters. Copyright reverts to authors after publication. Printed in the United States of America by Brigham Young University Academic Publishing, Provo, Utah. Neither the editors nor the sponsoring organization assumes responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by the contributors. ISBN-13: 978-0-9988268-2-0 All Rights Reserved Board of Editors Arts: Angie Banchero-Kelleher, Utah Valley University Biological Science: Laurie Mauger, Southern Utah University Business: Taowen Le, Weber State University Education: Debora Escalante, Utah Valley University Engineering: Doran Baker, Utah State University Exercise Science and Outdoor Recreation: L Nathan Thomas, Salt Lake Community College Letters—Humanities, Philosophy, Foreign Language: Jason Goltz, Westminster College Letters—Language and Literature: Keith Lawrence, Brigham Young University Physical Sciences: Chris Monson, Southern Utah University Social Science: Daniel Poole, Salt Lake Community College Posters: R. Steven Turley, Brigham Young University 2018-2019 Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters Officers President: H. Laine Berghout, Weber State University President-Elect: Rachel Keller, Snow College Past President: Jonathan Westover, Utah Valley University Secretary: Colleen Boam, Weber State University Treasurer: Ryan Boam, Weber State University Scholary Communications: Peter Kraus, University of Utah Member at Large: Spencer Blake, Salt Lake Community College Technology Officer: Vern Hart, Utah Valley University Institutional Representatives: Erin O’Brien, Dixie State University Cover Photo: “The Baton Rouge” from Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain. See Todd Goddard, “Mark Twain’s Geographic Imagination in Life on the Mississippi,” p. 185. Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters History: Founded 3 April 1908, the Utah Academy of Sciences was organized "to promote investigations and diffuse knowledge in all areas of science." Beginning in 1923, the Academy started publishing the papers presented in its annual meetings in Proceedings. In June 1933 at the annual meeting, the Academy was enlarged to include arts and letters, and the name was changed to the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Articles of incorporation and non-profit organization status were accepted by the Academy membership at the spring meeting in April 1959. In 1977, the name of the journal of the Academy was changed from Proceedings to Encyclia. It became a refereed journal at this time. In the mid 1980s, the scope of the Academy was expanded further to include (1) business, (2) education, (3) engineering, (4) library information and instruction, and (5) health, physical education, and recreation. Beginning with the 1998 issue, the journal became The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. Annual Meeting: The Academy's annual meetings are normally held in the spring on one of the Utah campuses of higher education. The plenary session is called the Tanner Lecture, endowed by Mr. O.C. Tanner in 1986. Best Paper Awards: The best paper presented in every division is given a cash award, which is presented at the Academy's "Awards Evening" held the following fall. Distinguished Service Awards: The Academy recognizes outstanding contributions to teaching and scholarship by means of annual Distinguished Service Awards, alternating every other year between disciplines. Membership: When the Academy was founded in 1908, membership was by nomination, ratified by the Council, and elected by a "three- fourths votes of members present." Today, the Academy's membership is available by application. Institutional Members: All Utah institutions of higher education are members of the Utah Academy. The Academy appreciates their patronage. Publication Policy The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters publishes works in all of the fields of study encompassed in the Academy’s mission. Papers published in The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters are drawn from papers presented by members in good standing at the annual confer- ence of the Utah Academy. To qualify for publication, the papers must be rec- ommended through a refereeing system. Presenters are encouraged to publish their paper in The Journal of the Utah Academy. The Journal’s criteria are that a submission is (1) fresh, meaningful scholarly insight on its subject; (2) readable and well written; and (3) of general interest for an academic readership beyond the author’s field. If you wish your paper to be considered for publication in The Journal, please submit a Microsoft Word document to the section editor of the appropriate section by the indicated deadline. Contact information for the section editors is available on the Utah Academy’s website (www.utahacademy.org). The Journal of the Utah Academy is a refereed journal. Editorial responses will be forthcoming after the resumption of school the following fall when referees have returned their comments to the division chairs. Papers should be between 10 and 20 double-spaced pages. Detailed instructions to authors are available at http://www.utahacademy.org/ Instructions_for_Authors.pdf. Among the bibliographic services listing at Bowker Serials Bibliographies and The Standard Periodical Direction. Indexing and abstracting services that cite articles in the journal include Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Biosciences Information Services, Current Geographical Publicatoin, Chemical Abstracts, Mathematical Reviews, MLA Biography, Sociological Abstracts, Excerpta Botanica, Social Planning, Policy and Development Abstracts, Language and Language Behavior Abstracts, Index to Scientific Technical Proceedings, and Index to Social Sciences, and Humanities Proceedings. The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, & Letters—2018 AWARDS Distinguished Service Award 11 Academy Fellow 2019 12 O.C. Tanner Lecture 14 John and Olga Gardner Prize 15 Honorary Member 2019 16 2018 Best Paper Awards 17 ARTICLES BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Microbial Degradation of Art-Waste Solvents 19 Gabriel McKay, Craig Oberg, Michele Culumber, Edward Walker, and Matthew Domek, Weber State University Double-crested Cormorants Respond to Fish Stocking of Rainbow Trout in Suburban Ponds in Northern Utah 31 Nicholas Padilla, John Kendrick, Garrett Evans, Jantz Arbon, Carl Catalan, and Austin White, Weber State University BUSINESS How Early Profitability Index Can Predict Bank Failure: Evidence from U.S. Bank Failure during 2008–2010 43 Abdus Samad, Utah Valley University EDUCATION Educator Ethic Laws Across the United States 57 Shirley Dawson,1 Bonnie Hofland,1 Marjorie Lynes,2 and Richard Squire3 1Weber State University; 2University of Utah; 3Snow College ENGINEERING Measuring Solar Flux and Absorptivity 75 David J. Armijo, Ali Siahpush, and Logan D. Evans, Southern Utah University Simple Experimental, Analytical, and Numerical Methods to Evaluate the Deflection of a Beam 89 Jacob Carter and Ali Siahpush, Southern Utah University A Simple Steady-State Experimental Method to Determine the Thermal Conductivity of Solid Plate 99 Jacob W. Carter, Justin C. Christensen, and Ali S. Siahpush, Southern Utah University Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Air 117 Christian Hamilton, Casey Cooper, and Ali Siahpush, Utah State University Creating a Phase Change Thermal Energy Measurement System (Part 1: Design and Construction) 133 Daniel C. Ulrich, Ben C. Thrift, and Ali Siahpush, Utah State University Airglow Measurements from the SABER/TIMED Satellite 153 Brian J. Simons,1 Doran J. Baker,1 Gene A. Ware,1 Martin G. Mlynczak,2 and James M. Russell III3 1Utah State University, 2NASA Langley Research, and 3Hampton University EXERCISE SCIENCE AND OUTDOOR RECREATION Gender Differences in the Role of Acculturation, Self- Regulation, and Self-Esteem in Alcohol Consumption among Asian American Adults 161 Yan Huang, Weber State University Unique Rituals, Pre-Performance Routines and Superstitious Behavior used by Elite Senior Athletes 179 M. Vinson Miner and T. Cole Parkinson, Utah Valley University LETTERS—LANGUAGE & LITERATURE Mark Twain’s Geographic Imagination in Life on the Mississippi 185 Todd Goddard, Utah Valley University PHYSICAL SCIENCES Probing Particle-Wave Duality with the Stern-Gerlach Effect 203 Richard D. Barney and Jean-François S. Van Huele, Brigham Young University The Mathematics of Mario Party 10 215 Andrew Misseldine, Southern Utah University A Diffusion-Limited Titration Using Microfluidics 235 Jaxon Barney, Tyson Torgersen, and Christopher F. Monson, Southern Utah University The Effects of Radio Jet Feedback on Star Formation in Satellite Galaxies 251 Taylor Hammack, Kasen Lisonbee, Bryan May, Jordan Memmott, Kallin Raymond, Morgan Taylor, and Cameron Pace, Southern Utah University Using Exoplanet Transits to Characterize the Great Basin Observatory 263 Katherine Wilcox and Rhett Zollinger, Southern Utah University SOCIAL SCIENCES Dark Sky Compliance: Measuring the Effectiveness of Outdoor Lighting Ordinances in Ogden Valley 271 Jeremy Bryson and Amanda Cooley, Weber State University Law is Politics: Why Critical Legal Studies, Critical Race Theory, and Other Critical Legal Disciplines Must Reunite 281 W. Scott Jackson, Snow College The Process of Sanctification: A Bourdieusian Approach
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