E430 Volume 1 Public Disclosure Authorized
Environment Impact Assessment Report for the Liao River Basin Project
Public Disclosure Authorized (Draft)
January 2001 Public Disclosure Authorized
Liaoning Urban Construction and Renewal Project Office
Liaoning Provincial Scientific Research Institute for Environment Protection with assistance from
Public Disclosure Authorized Montgomery Watson
EASUR JAN 2 3 2001 RECEIVED Liao River Basin Project Environment impact Assessment Report - Basin P aae
Table of Contents
1. General 1-1
1t 2§.~~round and progress of the project 1i1 1.1.2 Principleforreportpreparation 1-1 1.2 Basis for reportpreparation 1-2 1.3 Relationwith the Liao River Control Plan and LiaoningIntegrated EnvironmentProject (LIEP) funded by the EU 1-3 1.3.1 Relation with the Liao River Control Plan 1-3 1.3.2 Relation with Liaoning Integrated Environment Project 1-3 1.4 Objectiveof the EIA 1-3 1.4.1 Objective of the EIA 1-3 1.5 Regional environmentalfunction and objectiveof environmentalprotection 1-4 1.5.1 General objective of water environmental protection 1-4 1.5.2 River system 1-4 1.5.3 Sea water 1-4 1.5.4 Air and noise objectives 1-4 1.6 Classificationof EIA 1-5 1.6.1 Classification of EIA for surface water, air and acoustic assessment 1-5 1.7 Scope and Criteriaof EIA t 1-6 1. 7.1 Scope of EIA 1-6 1. 7I 1.I SCJe of EIA for surface water 1-6 1.7.12 ScQPeofElA for air 1-6 1. 7.1.3 Scone ofElA for noise 1-6 1. 7.2 Criteria of EIA 1-6 1.8 The work content and focus of EIA 1-7 1.8.1 TheworkcontentsofElA 1-7 1. 8.2 Focus of EIA 1-9 1.8.3 Assessment period 1-9 1.9 EIA methodology 1-9 1.9.1 Methodology for assessment ofexisting environment quality 1-9 1.9.2 Methodology forforecasting project environment impact 1-9 1.9.3 Monitoring for environmental pollution 1-10 1.10 EIA Institute and Organization 1-10
2. Environmental Analysis of the Area Affected by the Proposed Project 2-1 2.1 Liao River Basin 2-1 2.1.1 Natural environment 2-1 2.1.1 1 IGeographical location ofLiao River Basin. the river svstem and tonogra&hv 2-1 2.1.1.2 Climate and hydrology 2-4
Jan 15.200 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide
2.1.1.3 General situation of water resource 2-5 2.1.1.4 Geologv. mineral resource and soil 2-8 2.1.2 Ecological environment 2-8 2.1.3 General situation of social economic environment 2-9 2.1.3.1 Overview ofsocial condition 2-9 2.1.3.2 Overview of economic condition 2-9 2.1.3.3 Transportation condition 2-9 2.1.3.4 Natural reserve and relic site 2-9 2.1.3.5 Overview of social environment in urban area 2-9 2.1.4 River system and pollution impact 2-10 2.1 4. 1 Pollution status of river water 2-10 2.1.4.2 Pollution impnacton river water 2-12 2.2 Bohai Sea 2-13 2.2.1 Natural environment 2-13 22. 1. 1 Marine geology & landform 2-13 2.2.1.2 Coastal river svstem and surface water runo,ff 2-13 2.2.1.3 Wind direction 2-13 2.2.1.4 Ocean current and tide 2-14 2.2.2 Aquatic resources 2-14 2.2.3 Overview of social environment 2-14 2.2.4 Relation between estuaries and Bohai Sea 2-14 2.2.5 Pollution of Bohai Sea & red tide 2-15 2.2.6 The current situation of cities 'sewerage and water environmental quality 2-15
3. The Project Overview and Analysis 3-1 3.1 ProjectOverview 3-1 3.1.1 The project and component 3-1 3.1.2 Wastewater interceptors 3-1 3.1.3 Location of existing and proposed pumping stations 3-2 3.1.4 The wastewater treatment plant 3-7 3.1.4.1 The obiective of wastewater treatment 3-7 3.1.4.2 The construction scale, land acquisition, site location and investment of project 3-7 3.1.4.3 Layout of WwTP 3-7 3.1.5 Service area 3-7 3.1.6 Protection objective of the project 3-8 3.2 Analysisof engineering 3-8 3.2.1 The wastewater treatment process 3-8 3.2.1.1 The designed in fluent characteristics and e,fluent standard 3-8 3.2.1.2 The wastewater treatment process 3-8 3.3 Analysison Influent Flow and Quality 3-9 3.3.1 Survey on existing wastewaterflow and quality 3-9 3.3.2 Wastewaterflow projection 3-16
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3.3.3 Determination of influent characters and effluent limit for wastewater treatment Plant 3-19 3.4 Pollution factor analysis and pollution load projection 3-20 3.4.1 Wastewater 3-20 3.4.2 Odor and dust 3-20
4. Analysis of Alternatives 4-1 4.1 Option and comparison 4-1 4.1.1 Options and interceptors and pumping stations layout 4-1 4.2 Options for WwTP site and outfalls location 4-2 4.3 Options of treatment process 4-4 4.3.1 Optionsfortreatmentprocess 4-4 4.3.2 Description of the process 4-4 4.3.3 Comparison between the two options 4-7 4.4 Options for sludge disposal and site location 4-8 4.4.1 Comparisonforsludge disposal options 4-8 4.5 Brief summation and analysis of alternative comparison 4-10 4.5.1 The option and determination of interceptor's alignment and pumping stations' layout 4-10 4.5.2 The option and determination of WwTP s site and outfalls 4-10 4.5.3 The option and determination of wastewater treatment process 4-11 4.5.4 The determination of sludge disposal and site 4-11
5. Current Water Environmental Condition and Impact Assessment 5-1 5.1 Current Surface Water Environment Quality and Impact Assessment 5-1 5.1.1 Monitoring on surface water environment quality and assessment 5-1 5.1.1.1 Monitoringsco2e andlocation 5-1 5.11.2 Timinzgand frequencv ofmonitoring 5-5 5.1.1 3 Monitoring items and analvsis methodology 5-5 51I 1.4 Water qualitv assessment method and criteria 5-6 5.1.1.5 Water qualitv monitoring and assessment result 5-7 5.1.2 Impact prediction and assessment of surface water environment 5-10 5.1.2.1 Time section for prediction and assessment 5-10 5.1.2.2 Items of prediction and assessment 5-11 5.1.2.3 Method forprediction and assessment 5-11 5.1.2.4 Parameters for p2rediction 5-13 5.1.2.5 Prediction and assessment results 5-13 5.1.3 Basin wide water quality assessment 5-15 5.2 Current impact assessment of ground water environment quality 5-16 5.2.1 Monitoring and assessment of current ground water environment quality 5-16 5.2.1. I Monitoring scope and point 5-16 5.2.1.2 Monitoring time and frequencv 5-16 5.2.1.3 Monitoring items and analvsis methodolog 5-17
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5.2.1.4 Methodology and standard for water qualitv assessment 5-17 5.2.1.5 water qualitv monitoring and assessment results 5-18 5.2.2 Ground water impact analysis 5-19 5.2 CurrentImpact Assessmentof GroundWater EnvironmentalQuality 5-16
6. CurrentConditions and ImpactAnalysis of MarineEnvironment 6-1 6.1 Monitoringand assessmentof currentmarine environment quality 6-1 6.1.1 Monitoring of current marine environment 6-1 6.1.1.1 Monitoring scone and points 6-1 6.1.1.2 Monitoring items and analysis methodolov 6-1 6.1]1.3 Monitoring time and frequency 6-1 6.1.1.4 Methodoloa and standard of assessment 6-1 6.1.1.5 Monitoring and assessment results 6-2 6.2 Predictionand assessmentof marineenvironmental impact 6-2 6.2.1 Scopefor assessment andprediction 6-2 6.2.2 Contents 6-2 6.2.3 Methodology 6-2 6.2.4 Prediction and assessment results 6-3 6.3 Investigationand impactanalysis on red tide and fisheriesresource in BohaiSea 6-3 6.3.1 Red tide investigation and analysis 6-4 63.1.3 Feature, frequenc extent and time of red tide occurrence in Bohai Sea 6-4 6.3.1. 7 The major reason for red tide formation 6-4 6.3.1.3 Nutrient sources for red tide 6-5 6.3.1. 4 Sea water nutrient enrichment assessment 6-7 6.3.1.5 Seawater qualitv and assessment in Liaodong Bay 6-8 6.3.2 Investigation and analysis of sediment in Bohai Sea 6-9 6.4 Investigationand analysisof currentsituation of ocean species and fishery resources 6-9 6.4.1 Investigation and analysis of industrial pollution on crustaceans 6-9 6.4.2 Investigation and analysis ofprawnfarm pollution 6-9 6.4.3 Impact on ocean species andfishery resources by eutrophication and red tide 6-10 6.5 Impactanalysis of ocean species and fisheryresources by the proposedproject 6-11 6.6 LIEPresult of study on Bohai Sea red tide and fishery, and relationwith the project 6-11
7. Investigation and Impact Assessment of Wetland at Estuary of Shuangtaizi River 7-1 7.1 The Investigationof the Wetland 7-1 7.1.1 General status of the wetland 7-1
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7.1.2 Relation between the wetland quality and contamination of Shuangtaizi River 7-1 7.1.2.1 The impact of mankind activities on the wetland 7-1 7.1.2.2 The impact on biomass in the wetland 7-2 7.1.2.3 Impact on the biological function of the wetland 7-2 7.2 EnvironmentalImpact Assessment after the Project 7-3
8. Assessment on Current Situation and Impact of the Air 8-1 8.1 Monitoringand assessmenton currentsituation of odor pollution 8-1 8.1.1 Location of monitoringpoints 8-1 8.1.2 Monitored items 8-1 8.1.3 Timing andfrequency 8-1 8.1.4 Methods of sampling and analysis 8-1 8.1.5 Result 8-2 8.1.6 Assessment standard 8-2 8.1.7 Assessment method 8-3 8.1.8 Analysis of assessment result 8-3 8.2 Characteranalysis on pollution meteorology 8-4 8.2.1 Wind direction frequency 8-4 8.2.2 Wind speedfrequency 8-4 8.2.3 Air stability 8-4 8.3 Predictionon air impact 8-4 8.3.1 Prediction model and factors 8-4 8.3.I Prediction model 8-4 8.3.1.2 Modi:ficationto diffusion factors 8-5 8.3.1.3 Determination offactors 8-5 8.3.2 Prediction and evaluation for odor impact 8-8 8.3.2.1 Prediction and analysis for WwTP odor imyact 8-8 8.3 2.2 Odor rollution imzact analvsis by Dumningstations 8-8 8.3.2.3 Analysis of achievibili of standardtv f odor disc' 8-9 8.3.3 Determination of sanitary protection distance 8-10
9. Existing Acoustic Environment Quality and Impact Assessment 9-1 9.1 Monitoringfor ExistingAcoustic Environment Quality and Assessment 9-1 9.1.1 Monitoringfor existing acoustic environmental quality 9-1 9.1.1.1 Distribution of monitoring-goints 9-1 9.1.1.2 Assessment standard 9-2 9.1.2 Assessment result 9-2 9.2 Predictionand assessmentof noise impact to environment 9-2 9.2.1 Intensity of noise sources 9-2 9.2.2 Prediction of noise impact 9-3 9.2.2.1 Formula for tprediction 9-3 9.2.2.2 Prediction result and assessment 9-3
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10. Environment Impact Assessment for Sludge Disposal 10-1 10.1 Sludge Quantity and Constituents Analysis 10-1 10.1.1 Analysis of sludge composition 10-1 10.2 General discussion on feasibility study of sludge disposal options 10-2 10.2.1 Sludge testament and disposal options 10-2 10.2.2 Feasibility of sludge disposal 10-3 10.2.2.] Feasibility of sludge landfill 10-3 10.2.2.2 Feasibility of agricultural utilization 10-4 10.2.2.3 Feasibilitv of sludge incineration 10-5 10.2.2.4 Feasibility of sludge composting 10-5 10.3 Environmental impact analysis of sludge deposal 10-6 10.3.1 Proposed sludge disposal methods 10-6 10.3.2 Analysis of sludge landfill and composting 10-7 10.3.2.1 Analysis of sludge landdll 10-7 10.3.2.2 Analysisof sludge comnosting 10-9 10.3.3 Pollution factor analysis and screening and pollution loads projection 10-11 10.3 3.1 Pollution factor analysis and screening 10-11 10.3.3.2 Pollution load Droiection 10-12 10.3.4 Environment impact analysis of sludge disposal 10-12 10.3.4.1 Environment imyact analvsis of sludge disnosal site 10-12 10.3.4.2 Environmentiactanalysis of temorarv sludge storage site 10-13 10.3.4.3 Environment imDact analvsis of sludge tranrtation 10-13 10.4 Sludge pollution mitigation measures 10-13 10.4.1 Anti-filtration, drainage and methane escape 10-13 10.4.2 Leachate treatment 10-13
11. Environmental Impact Analysis of Construction Phase 11-1 11.1 The impact analysis of air-bome dust 11-1 11.2 The impact analysis of noise in phase of construction 11-1 11.3 The analysis of impacts on traffic in construction phase 11-2 11.4 The impact analysis of domestic sewage produced by constructors 11-3 11.5 The impact analysis of spoil and construction waste 11-3
11.5.1 Wastewater treatment plant & * pumping station 11-3 11.5.2 Pipeline 11-3 11.6 The impact analysis of the use of lands 11-4 11.6.1 The situation of land occupation 11-4 11.6.1.1 Temporarv land occupation 11-4 11.6.1.2 The permanent land occupation 11-4
12. Volume control of pollutant discharge and comparison of "with and without " project scenario 12-1 12.1 Volume control of volume control 12-1 12.1.1 Principlefor volume control 12-1 12.1.2 The general objective of pollutant volume control
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within Liao River Basin 12-1 12.1.3 Volume controlfactor and recommended objective 12-1 12.1.3.1 Volume control factor 12-1 12.1.3.2 The proposed oective for volume control 12-2 12.2 Comparison of "with and without project" 12-3 12.2.1 Impact to the city river sections 12-3 12.2.2 Impact to each water quality control cross section in the basin 12-3
13. Analysis of potential impact and risk assessment 13-1 13.1 Analysis of potential impact 13-1 13.1.1 Type ofpotential environment impact 13-1 13.1.2 Potential environment impact 13-1 13.2 Risk assessment 13-2 13.2.1 Analysis of impacts for accidental discharging 13-2 13.2.2 Analysis ofdischarge in sewer accident 13-4 13.2.3 Impact analysis of uncontrolled sludge stockpiling 13-4
14. Mitigation measures to adverse environment impact 14-1 14.1 Mitigation measures in construction period 14-1 14.1.1 Mitigation measures to adverse environment impact of air-borne dust 14-2 14.1.2 Mitigation measures to noises impact 14-2 14.1.3 Mitigation measures to adverse impact on water environmnet 14-3 14.1.4 Mitigation measures to traffic impact 14-3 14.1.5 Mitigation measures to other adverse impact 14-3 14.2 Mitigation measures to adverse environrnental impact during operation phase 14-4 14.2.1 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by solid waste 14-5 14.2.1.1 Mitigation measures to adverse impact by solid waste from the WwTP 14-5 14.2.1.2 Pollution control measures-for the slag from boiler 14-6 14.2.1.3 Domesticsolid wastepollution control measures 14-6 14.2.2 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by waste gas 14-6 14.2.2.1 Mitigation measures to adverse environment imoact bv odor 14-6 14.2.2.2 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by so°2 smoke and dust 14-7 14.2.3 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by noise 14-9 14.2.4 Mitigation measures to adverse impact on water environment 14-9 14.2.4.1 Strengthening industrial wastewater control and management to ensure the effluent meet the discharge standard 14-9 14.2.4.2 Domestic sewage treatment for the project construction period 14-10 14.2.4.3 Strengthening management to ensure the WwTP operate well 14-10 14.2.5 Making green environment by planting trees andflowers 14-10 14.3 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact from accidental discharge 14-10
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14.3.1 pollution control measures of accidentalfor the WwTP 14-11 14.3.1.1 Strengtheningmanagementand operation 14-11 14.3.1.2 Installing essential standbv system and eguipment 14-11 14.3.1.3 Develovinggrecautionarv vlan for accident 14-11 14.3.1.4 Establishing automatic monitoring and control system 14-11 14.3.2 Pollution control measures for the accident of the pipe network 14-11
15 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 15-1 15.1 Environmental Protection Plan 15-1 15.1.1 Environmentalmanagementinstitutestructure 15-1 15.1.2 Responsibility of environmental management 15-1 15.1.3 Staff trainingplan 15-1 15.2 Environmental monitoring plan 15-3 15.2.1 Environmental monitoring plan for surface water 15-3 15.2.2 Environmental monitoringplan for ground water 15-4 15.2.3 Air environmental monitoring plan 15-4 15.2.4 Acoustic environmental monitoring plan 15-5 15.2.5 Monitoring instrument and equipment 15-6 15.2.6 Department responsiblefor monitoring 15-6 15.2.7 The current monitoring capacity of monitoring department 15-7 15.2.8 Regulatory agencies for environmental monitoring 15-7 15.2.9 The operating cost of environmental monitoring 15-7 15.2.10 Monitoring data management 15-8 15.2.10.1 Monitoringrevort 15-8 15.2.] 0.2 The transmitting channels qf the resort 15-8 15.3 Environment management of accidental discharge 15-8 15.3.1 Timely control of accidental discharge 15-8 15.3.2 Investigation and analysis after accident 15-8 15.3.3 Accidental emergency agency 15-8
16 Analysis of Environmental Economic Benefit and Loss 16-1 16.1 Identification of benefits and losses 16-1 16.2 Environmental economic Losses 16-1 16.2.1 Estimateforenvironmentalprotection investigation 16-1 16.2.2 Cost of wastewater treatment 16-2 16.2.3 Project land occupation 16-3 16.3 Profit analysis of environmental economy 16-3 16.3.1 Environmental benefits 16-3 16.3.2 Social benefits 16-4 16.3.3 Economic benefits 16-5 16.3.3.1 Analysis qf economic benefits 16-5 16.3.3.2 Profit calculation 16-5 16.4 Present value analysis of costs and benefits 16-6
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17. Resettlement and Compensation 17-1 17.1 Legal frarnework for resettlement and policy 17-1 17.1.1 Legalframework 17-1 17.1.2 Compensation policy 17-1 17.1.2.1 Management regulations on house demolition and compensation in Yingkou 17-1 17.1.2.2 Compensation 17-1 17.2 Resettlement in the project 17-2 17.3 Impact analysis 17-2 17.4 Relocation measures 17-3 17.4.1 Relocation agency 17-3 17.4.2 Relocation compensation 17-3 17.5 Income recovery for temporarily affected shops and vendors in Xidiaoqiao free market 17-3
18 Public Participation 18-1 18.1 Method for Public Participation 18-1 18.1.1 Stages in public participation process 18-1 18.1.2 Survey scope and objects 18-1 18.1.3 Public participation approach 18-1 18.1.4 Survey content 18-2 18.1.4.1 Contents of survevs on organizations and institutions 18-2 18.1.4.2 Comments survevs on individual people 18-2 18.2 Statistics and analysis of survey results 18-2 18.2.1 Publicparticipation methodology 18-3 18.2.1.1 Public meeting 18-3 18.2.1.2 Questionnaires 18-4 18.2.2 Feedback information summary 18-5 18.2.2.1 First round 18-S 18.2.2.2 Second round 18-7 18.2.2.3 Third round 18-8 18.2.2.4 Other public opinions and suggestions 18-9 18.3 Conclusion 18-9 18.3.1 This project is acceptable to the public 18-10 18.3.2 Public concerns 18-10 18.3.3 Mitigation measures -response to the public 18-10
19 Conclusion and Recommendation 19-1 19.1 Conclusion 19-1 19.1.1 The importance and essentiality of the project construction 19-1 19.1.2 Environmental quality status and impacts assessment 19-1 19.1.2.1 The investigation and assessmentfor water environmental status 19-1 19.1.2.2 Air environmental situation and impact assessment 19-2 19.1.2.3 Acoustic environmental status and impact assessment 19-2
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19.1.2.4 Sludge status and imnact assessment 19-2 19.1.2.5 Groundwater environmental status and imnact assessment 19-3 19.1.2.6 Marine environmental status and im1act assessment 19-3 19.1.2. 7 Red tide. halobios and fishea, status and imnact assessment 19-3 19.1.2.8 Investigation at estuarL eco-system o(Shuantaizi River Wetland and imp2actassessment 19-3 19.1.2.9 Environmental impact during constructionghase 19-4 19.1.2.10 Potential impact and risk 19-4 19.1.3 Total pollutant volume control 19-4 19.1.3.1 Controlledfactorandrecommendedvolumecontrolobiective 19-4 19.1.4 The measures and policy to eliminate and relieve the impact during construction period 19-4 19.1.5 Environmental management and monitoring 19-4 19.1.6 Environmental economic losses and benefits 19-5 19.1.7 Resettlement and compensation 19-5 19.1.8 Public participation 19-5
Appendix I River section diagram in each project city Appendix II City photos Appendix III Agreements for sludge disposal between the WwTP and municipal solid waste management department in the project cities
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Relation with the Liao River Control Plan 1-3 Table 1-2 EIA classification for the four cities 1-6 Table 1-3 EIA criteria 1-6 Table 2-1 The geographical location of the component cities 2-1 Table 2-2 The Liao River Basin within Liaoning Province 2-3 Table 2-3 Surface water system 2-4 Table 2-4 Climate characteristics of the four cities 2-5 Table 2-5 Summary of social condition in the four cities 2-10 Table 2-6 Comprehensive assessment on river section in Liao River Basin 2-11 Table 2-7 Estuaries of rivers 2-15 Table 2-8 Current situation of cities' sewerage and water environmental quality 2-16 Table 3-1 The project and components 3-1 Table 3-2 Wastewater interception work in Shenyang 3-1 Table 3-3 Wastewater interception work in Panjin 3-2 Table 3-4 Wastewater interception work in Jinzhou 3-2 Table 3-5 Wastewater interception work in Yingkou 3-2 Table 3-6 Existing and proposed pumping stations in project cities 3-7 Table 3-7 Construction scale and land acquisition for WwTP in 4 cities 3-7 Table 3-8 Service area of wastewater treatment plants 3-7 Table 3-9 Designed influent characteristics and effluent standard 3-8
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Table 3- 10 Major wastewatertreatment structures, equipment and requirements 3-8 Table 3- 1i Main industrialwastewater flows and pollutants 3-10 Table 3-12 Otherpollutants discharged from industries 3-10 Table 3-13 The statisticsof wastewaterfrom different industrialcategories in the four cities 3-10 Table 3-14 Currentwater demand and future water demandprojections For four cities 3-17 Table 3-15 Municipalitiescomprehensive domestic water consumptionquota 3-16 Table 3-16 Relativeincrease rates for the four cities 3-16 Table 3-17 Industrywastewater projections 3-16 Table 3-18 Domesticwastewater projection 3-19 Table 3-19 Totalwastewater projections for four cities in the project 3-19 Table 3-20 Influentcharacters and effluentlimit for the four cities 3-19 Table 3-21 Pollutionload of wastewatertreatment plants 3-20 Table 3-22 Intensityof odor sources from wastewatertreatment plants 3-21 Table 3-23 Coal and pollutantdischarge 3-21 Table 3-24 Noise level during operation 3-22 Table 3-25 Environmentimpact parameters 3-22 Table 3-26 Environmentassessment factors 3-24 Table 4-1 Comparisonon options for interceptorsand pumping stationslayout In the four cities 4-1 Table 4-2 Comparisonon options for WwTPsite and outfall in the four cities 4-2 Table 4-3 Analysison sewer influentof WwTP in 4 cities 4-4 Table 4-4 Comparisonbetween treatmentprocess options 4-7 Table 4-5 Comparisonof sludge disposaloptions 4-8 Table 4-6 Comparisonof sludge disposalsite and haul route 4-8 Table 5-1 Surfacewater environmentquality monitoringscope and point location 5-1 Table 5-2 Timing and frequencyfor surface water monitoring 5-5 Table 5-3 Items for surface environmentquality monitoringand analysismethod 5-5 Table 5-4 Surfacewater environmentquality standardapplied for assessment 5-7 Table 5-5 Monitoringresults of surfacewater quality in the four cities 5-7 Table 5-6 Standardindex for assessmentof surface water quality environment In the four cities 5-8 Table 5-7 Parametersfor predictionof surface water environmentimpact In the four cities 5-13 Table 5-8 Predictionand assessmentresults of surfacewater Environmentalimpact 5-14 Table 5-9 Monitoringpoints of groundwater environmentalquality 5-16 Table 5-10 Monitoringtime and frequencyon groundwater environmentalquality 5-16 Table 5-11 Monitoringitems and analysis methodology 5-17 Table 5-12 Assessmentstandard for groundwater environmentalquality 5-17 Table 5-13 Monitoringand assessmentresults on groundwater environmental Quality 5-18
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Table 6-1 Monitoring items and analysis methodology on marine water quality 6-1 Table 6-2 Assessment standard of marine water quality 6-2 Table 6-3 Monitoring and assessment results 6-2 Table 6-4 Red tide frequency (recorded) 6-4 Table 6-5 Wastewater volume discharged from various sources into Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea 6-5 Table 6-6 Pollutant load into Bohai Sea 6-5 Table 6-7 Pollutant concentration in discharged wastewater from prawn farm 6-6 Table 6-8 Wastewater volume discharges into Liaodong Bay via river course 6-6 Table 6-9 Annual pollutant load into Liaodong Bay (year 1998) 6-6 Table 6-10 Ammonia-N load from Liao and Daliao River in different months 6-6 Table 6-11 Ammonia-N load discharged from Daliao, Liao River and prawn farm 6-7 Table 6-12 Threshold for eutrofication evaluation 6-7 Table 6-13 Result of seawater eutrofication assessment in Bohai Sea 6-8 Table 6-14 Monitoring result of seawater quality in near-shore of Panjin 6-8 Table 6-15 Average N and P concentration in near-shore seawater in Jinzhou 6-8 Table 6-16 Monitoring result of seawater quality in near-shore of Yingkou 6-8 Table 6-17 Trace elements and microorganism pollutant accumulated In crustaceans 6-9 Table 6-18 Prawn pool development 6-10 Table 6-19 Pollution load from prawn pool 6-10 Table 6-20 Pollution load change in Liaodong Bay before and after Project of Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou 6-11 Table 8-1 Location of air monitoring points at the four cities 8-1 Table 8-2 Air monitoring & analysis methods 8-1 Table 8-3 Statistics for monitoring of pollutants and odor for four cities 8-2 Table 8-4 Environment conditions during monitoring period 8-2 Table 8-5 Environmental quality standards 8-3 Table 8-6 Assessment results on odor and pollutants in the four cities (one maximum value) 8-3 Table 8-7 Frequency of atmosphere stabilization in the assessed area In the four cities 8-7 Table 8-8 Odor materials discharged from WwTP from in four cities 8-8 Table 8-9 Odor smelling threshold & relevant standards 8-9 Table 8-10 Sanitary protection distance 8-10 Table 9-1 The distribution of monitoring points for noise assessment In the four cities 9-1 Table 9-2 Monitoring result for existing noise environment quality in 4 municipalities 9-1 Table 9-3 Noise assessment criteria for 4 municipalities 9-2 Table 9-4 Intensity of noise sources of major equipment in the project 9-3 Table 9-5 Noise prediction and assessment result for 4 municipalities 9-4 Table 10-I Sludge quantity of the four WwTP 10-1 Table 10-2 Sampling results of deposited sludge in the outlets of the four cities 10-2
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Table 10-3 Conventionalsludge treatment and disposalmethods 10-2 Table 10-4 heavy metal concentrationin leachatefrom sludge and Municipalsolid waste under same condition 10-3 Table 10-5 Existing conditionsof sludgedisposal in each city 10-6 Table 10-6 Pollution controlstandard of sludge applicationfor agriculture (GB4283-84) 10-11 Table 10-7 Sanitaryfactor standardfor high temperaturecomposting (GB7959-87) 10-11 Table 10-8 Pollution factor in the sludge landfill and compostingprocess 10-11 Table 10-9 Waste gas pollution loads projections 10-12 Table 10-lOSludgeleachate pollution loadsprojections 10-12
Listof Figures
Figure 1-1 Content ofELA work 1-8 Figure 2-1 Locationof project in People's Republicof China and Liaoning Province 2-2 Figure 2-2 Water balance of LiaoningProvince in 1998 2-7 Figure 2-3 Water distributionstructure in Liaoning 2-6 Figure 2-4 Water quality classificationin major rivers in LRB 2-10 Figure 3-1 Locationsof existing and proposedpumping stations in Shenyang 3-3 Figure 3-2 Locationsof existing and proposedpumping stations in Panjin 3-4 Figure 3-3 Locationsof existing and proposedpumping stations in Jinzhou 3-5 Figure 3-4 Locationsof existing and proposedpumping stations in Yingkou 3-6 Figure 3-5 Layoutof ShenyangWwTP 3-11 Figure 3-6 Layoutof Panjin WwTP 3-12 Figure 3-7 Layoutof Jinzhou WwTP 3-13 Figure 3-8 Layoutof Yingkou WwTP 3-14 Figure 3-9 The project environmentimpact identificationdiagram 3-25 Figure 4-1 Treatmentprocess flow diagram 4-6 Figure 4-2 Process flow diagramfor UNITANKwastewater treatment scheme 4-5 Figure 5-1 Liao River baselineCOD concentration 5-2 Figure 5-2 Taizi and Daliao River baselineCOD concentration 5-3 Figure 5-3 Hun River baselineCOD concentration 5-4 Figure 8-1 Seasonaland annual rose map of assessmentarea in Shenyangproject 8-11 Figure 8-2 Seasonaland annual rose map of assessmentarea in Panjin project 8-12 Figure 8-3 Seasonaland annual rose map of assessmentarea in Jinzhouproject 8-13 Figure 8-4 Seasonaland annual rose map of assessmentarea in Yingkouproject 8-14 Figure 10-1Flat layoutof Yingkou municipal solid waste disposalsite 10-7 Figure 10-2Flow chart of aerobiccomposting 10-9 Figure 10-3Process flow of sludge leachate 10-14
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List of Abbreviation
BOD BiologicalOxygen Demand COD ChemicalOxygen Demand dB(A) Decibel(acoustic) D Day DRA Design, Reviewand Advisory EA EnvironmentAssessment EIA EnvironmentalImpact Assessment EPB EnvironmentalProtection Bureau EU EuropeanUnion ha hectare H2S HydrogenSulphide LIEP LiaoningIntegrated Environment Project LRBP Liao RiverBasin Project LRB Liao RiverBasin LUCRPO LiaoningUrban Constructionand RenewalProject Office KM2 Squirekilo meter km kilo meter m meter mg/m3 milligramper cubicmeter mg/I milligramper liter m3 Cubic meter m*3/d Cubic meterper day mm millimeter m/s Meterper second Mu 15 mu to one hectare OP/BP/GP OperationalPolicy/Bank Procedure/Good Practices PMO ProjectManagement Office RAP ResettlementAction Plan RMB Officialcurrency of People's Republicof China SDPC State Developmentand PlanningCommittee SEPA State EnvironmentProtection Agency SS Suspendedsolid SSW South south west SW South west TA TechnicalAssistance TOR Terms of Reference t/d ton per day t/y ton per year TSP Total SuspendedParticle WwTP WastewaterTreatment Plant
14 Jan 1. 200l 1 General 1.1 Summary
1.1.1 Background and progress of the project
Liaoning Provinceis a famousheavy industrialbase in the country,which is located in the northeast of China. Shenyang,Panjin, Jinzhou, and Yingkou are important cities with relatively prosperous economy in Liaoning province. In recent years with fast social-economic development and continued improvementof living standard, the sewage discharge has increased dramatically. As historic backlog of construction of municipal sewage treatment facilities, it is not adequate to treat the sewage effectively,causing large amount of untreated sewage being dischargeddirect to Liao River system, which in turn results in deteriorationof river water quality. The investigation and monitoring results for water quality in aboye mentioned cities indicate that the river water are seriously polluted, the main pollutantCODcr exceeds Class V surface water quality standardof the country. The Chinese Govemmenthas paid a high attention to it. The "Ninth 5 Year Plan and 2010 Long-termProgram for National Economic and Social Development"has been passed in the fourth meetingof the EighthPeople's Congress, in which Liao River has been identifiedas one of the "3 Lakes and 3 Rivers" which are given top priority by state government for environmental protection and remediation due to severely poor water quality. The State Council approved the "Ninth-fiveYear Plan and 2010 Program for Water PollutionControl and Abatementin Liao River" in 1998 ( "Liao River Control Plan" hereinafter),and put the Liao River pollution control into the country's key project list. Constructionof wastewatertreatment plants in the above mentionedfour project cities has been determined and approved by Liaoning Provincial Government, which is deemed as an importantphase in approachingthe objectivesof Liao River Control Plan: improve urban water and ecological environment,protect and utilize water resource, promote sustainable developmentof nationaleconomy and environmentalprotection, and protect human health.
According to an agreementreached between the Chinese Ministry of Finance and World Bank, the Liaoning Provincial Government has decided to use an IBRD loan to partially finance the construction of the above mentioned Wastewater Treatment Plants (WwTP). The World Bank mission has visited Liaoningseveral times since March 2000 to discuss the Liao River Basin Project with LiaoningProvincial Government to provide guidanceand assistanceon project preparation.
At present, the Liao River Basin Projectto be financed by World Bank is under preparationfor the World Bank's appraisal. EIA reports for Each of the project cities have been completed in accordance with Chinese standard and World Bank's requirement. The Liaoning Urban Construction and Renewal Project Office (LUCRPO) has engaged Liaoning Provincial EnvironmentalProtection Scientific Institute (LPEPSI)to prepare the basin-wideEIA report for thc project based on the individualcity EIA report. According to Chinese requirementsfor EIA for project financed by internationalfinancial organizationand the operational directivesof the World Bank (January 1999), LPEPSIhas made some revisions and amendmentsto each city's EIA report. on which the basin-wideEIA report is prepared.
1.1.2 Principlefor reportpreparation
* According to the operationaldirectives of World Bank for EIA, this project is deternined to be CategoryA project,which needs a detailed EIA.
* The EIA for the project should both meet relevant national and Liaoning provincial, and the WorldBank's requirementon EIA work. * For each component project, an EIA report is prepared according to the relevant Chinese governmentand the WorldBank's requirements.
1- 8 Jan. 15.20 * The basin-wide EIA report focuses on the project impact on the region and be a summary of city-level EIA reports.
1.2 Basis for report preparation
* "Water Pollution Control Law of the People's Republic of China"
* "Implementing Rules for Water Pollution Control Law of the People's Republic of China"
* "Environmental Management Rules for Construction Project", No. 253 Order issued by the State Council in November 1998.
* "Category of Environmental Management for Construction Project", issued by SEPA in January 1999.
* "Notice on strengthening environmental impact assessment work in construction projects financed by international financial organizations" No. (1993) 324 issued by SEPA, State Planning Committee, Chinese Ministry of Finance and People's Bank of China.
* "OP/BP/GP 4.01 of World Bank issued in January 1999.
• "Water Pollution Control Rules for Liao River Basin in Liaoning Province" issued by the standing committee of the Liaoning Provincial People's Congress in 1997.
* "Ninth-five Year Plan and 2010 Program for Water Pollution Control and Abatement in Liao River Basin" issued by Liaoning Provincial Government in 1996.
* "Environmental Function Zoning in Off-shore Area in Liaoning Province", No (1996) 16, issued by Liaoning Provincial Government in May 1999.
* "Technical Guideline for EIA" HJIT2.1-2.3-93, T2.4-95.
* "Pilot Regulations for Pollutant Volume Control for Construction Project in Liaoning Province" No. [1997] 166
* "Overall Plan for Volume Control of Pollutant in China" issued by the SEPA in December 1995.
* "Environmental function zoning of surface water in Liaoning province" issued by Liaoning provincial government in August 1996.
* "Approval for proposal of Liaoning municipal wastewater treatment project financed by the World Bank", July 2000.
* Feasibility Study Reports and EIA reports for the four project cities, in August 2000.
* Approvals for EIA reports of the four project cities, issued by Liaoning Provincial EPB in August 2000.
* "Entrust Letter of EIA Work for Liaoning Municipal Wastewater Treatment Project Financed by the World Bank" issued by Liaoning urban construction and renewal project office in August 2000.
* "Aide-memoir of Liao River Basin Environmental Project Financed by the World Bank"
1-8 Jan.15.2001 and information on consulting meeting with the World Bank, and "Uniform Design for the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Liao River Basin Project" in August 2000.
* "Notice of Implementation of Effluent Standard for Secondary Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Liaoning Province" issued by LEPB on document No. [2000] 107 in September 2000.
1.3 Relation with the Liao River Control Plan and Liaoning Integrated Environment Project (LIEP) funded by the EU
1.3.1 Relationwith the Liao River Control Plan
It is determined in the Liao River Control Plan to phase in municipal wastewater treatment facilities by the year 2010 in Liaoning Province. The following table 1-1 shows the LRBP projects in context of the Liao River Basin Plan:
Table 1-1 Relationwith the Liao River ControlPlan
Year 2000 Year 2005 Year 2010 No. of Capacity COD WwTP Capacity COD WwTP Capacity COD WwTP (M tld) reduction (M tid) reduction (M tid) reductio I___ _(rt/d) (tld) n (tbd) Planned 19 3.96 300,201 3 1.75 80,000 2 0.75 43.600 municipal WwTP ______LRBP 4 1.1 143,299 Proportion - 25 44
It is seen from the above table ffiat the LRBP will play a significant and strategic role in achieving the objective of Liao River Control Plan.
1.3.2 Relation with Liaoning Integrated Environment Project
The European Union (EU) has been assisting the province to conduct Liaoning Integrated Environmental Project (LIEP) since 1998. It is a study project with wide variety of aspects of environmental issues involved. It comprise of 7 components, with close relation to Liao River Basin is the Water Resource Management Project which is focusing on surface water bodies, groundwater, urban solid waste management, and Bohai Sea. The preliminary study result of Water Resource Management Project has identified 16 priority municipal wastewater treatment schemes, and the four component projects in LRBP is the core. The basin-wide EIA for LRBP is conducted also partially based on the findings and results of LIEP.
1.4 Objectives of the EIA
1.4.1 Objective of the EIA
The four wastewater treatment plants in LRBP are really designed for environmental protection, sc the EIA will:
(I) Fully elaborate function of the project on region and basin environment improvement, and demonstrate the project feasibility and justification of layout and site selection.
(2) Justify the project in terms of reliability, technical advance and economic criteria.
(3) Analyze potential adverse impacts to be brought the project, and design mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impacts.
1 - 8 Jan. 15.2001 (4) Fully solicit the opinions and recommendations from identified stakeholders to the project through public consultation and participation process to provide basis for decision-making, on project implementation and management.
(5) Set up practical environment monitoring and management plan to ensure stable and successful operation of the wastewater treatment plants.
1.5 Regional environmental function and objective of environmental protection
1.5.1 Generalobjective of water environmentalprotection
The overall objective of Liao River Control Plan is:
(1) eliminate over-Category V surface water body by the end of 2000; (2) basically recover water body's beneficial functions by the end of 2005; (3) achieve sustainable utilization of water resources by 2010.
1.5.2 River system
The four wastewater treatment plants ini the project locate in the Liao River Basin and Xiaoling River Basin which consists of Liao, Daliao and Xiaoling river. Proposed outfalls of each municipal wastewater treatment plant are ldcated at downstream of river section of the city. According to the Liaoning Water Environmental Function Zoning, most rivers downstream of the outfalls are Category III zones, and for Yingkou is Category IV zone. Therefore the objective of water quality protection in these areas are CategoryIllI and IV respectively, as stipulated in the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GHZB 1-1999).
1.5.3 Sea Water
Liao river, Daliao river and Xiaoling rivers discharge into the Bohai sea. According to Liaoning off-shore seawaters function zoning, sea water close shore should be category III zone, and water quality at deeper sea should be class II as in the Marine Water Qualiry Standard (GB3097-1997).. The estuaries of Liao River and Xiaoling River are Category III surface water zones and estuary of Daling River is Category IV, so surface water standard of Category III and IV would be applied respectively according to the Surface Water Environment Quality Standard (GHZBl-1999).
1.5.4 Air and noise objectives
According to relevant requirements for air environmental function zoning, there are mixture of residential blocks and farmland within the project area, which shall be classified as Category II function zone for air environment. The Category II standard would be applied for environmental protection according to the Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-1996) and relevant standards for odor substance.
According to relevant requirements for acoustic function zoning, the project area shall be Category II zone and Category II standard would be applied stipulated in the Urban Acoustic Environment Standard (GB3096-93).
1.6 Classiflcation of EIA
. Classificationby the WorldBank
CategoryA determinationby the World Bank.
1- 8 Jan.I5.2001 1.6.1 Classificationof EIA for surfacewater, air and acousticassessment
(1) Surface water
The effluent from the four WwTPs is over 2,000 m3/d respectively, the property of the effluent is typical to municipal WwTP effluent. The pollution factor is less than seven. The receiving water bodies are medium and small rivers, for which the water quality standard ranging from Category IV to V is applied. According to EIA classification for surface water assessment provided in Technical Guideline for EIA" (HJT2.3-93), Category II is determined for EIA in the four cities.
(2) Air
The odor released from the plants in operation phase is identified as the overriding source for nuisance. The formation of odor source is determined to be natural non-point following analogue analysis. The density of the odor is relatively low based on the following formula stipulated in the guideline (HJ/T 2.2-93):
Pi=Qi/Coi X 109
Where: Pi- standard discharge amount, m3/h; Qi- discharge amount in unit time, t/h; Coi-Ambient air quality standard, mg/m3 .
The result of calculation based on the above formula has shown that the Pi is lower than the threshold value of 2.5 x 109. In addition, the plants are all located in flat plain, Category III is classified for air environment assessment.
(3) Acoustic
The four plants are located in suburban areas where Category II zone identified for acoustic environment. There is no noise-sensitive spot around. By careful arrangement of noise making equipment, which will be far away from the plant boundary, and noise insulation and isolation measures applied, slight change of noise density will be ensured before and after project. According to the classification principle in the guideline for acoustic environment assessment, Category III is determined.
The details of EIA classification is presented in table 1-2.
Table1-2 EIAclassification for the fourcities
Environment Sh nyang Panjin | Jinzhou | Yingkou Air Category 3 Category 3 Category 3 Category 3 Surfacewater CategoryI Category2 Categorv2 Category2 Acoustic Category 3 Category 3 Category 3 Cate,gory3
1.7 Scope and Criteria of EIA
1.7.1 Scopeof EIA
1.7.1.1Scope of EIA for surfacewater
(1) Scope of EIA for Shenyang and Yingkou wastewater treatment plants mainly include
1-8 Jan. 15. 201 Shenyangsection of Hun River, Yingkousection of DaiaoRiver and its estuary.
(2) Scope of EIA for Panjinwastewater treatment plant mainly includes Panjin sectionof Liao River.
(3) Scope of EIA for Jinzhou wastewatertreatment plant mainly includes Jinzhou section of XiaolingRiver.
1.7.1.2Scope of EIA for air
A rectangular6x4 m centeredin the treatmentfacilities, with the prevailingwind directionas axis.
1.7.1.3Scope of EIA for noise
100 m from the plant boundaryand pumpingstation.
1.7.2 Criteriaof EIA EIA criteria approved by the four cities' EPB is used for environmentalimpact assessmentduring constructionand operationperiod. Refer to Table 1-3 below for details.
Table1-3 EIA criteria
Categorv Items Abided standard Limitedvalue in standard Remark Surface * River water quality: Class IV 40 V water surfacewater qualityof CODcr mg/l 30 [V GHZBI-1999in 2000; Class III I20 in 2005 and 2010; 10 V *SS:Farming Irrigation Water BOD5 mg/I 6 IV Quality Standard(GB5084-921 4 III Environmental Ss meil 150 aquiculture SEA *seawater: Class II of the SEA CODcr, 3 quality water WaterQuality Standard BODs; 3 standard (GB3097-92) no-organic mg/I 0.30 Valueby N nitrogen; Phosphate; 0.030 Valueb P Air eSanitaryStandard for NH3; mg/mi; 0.20 One time value IndustrialEnterprises Design H.S mg m3 0.01 (HJ36-79) TSP; mg/m 0.30 Average in a 3 *Class2 environmentalair SO2; mg/m 0.50 day n1 --, A,..d(G.r3tiO5 O6) N3ny.l 1 Avern- i I - 8 Ahorg~hour 2gr hniir Catgo Items Abided stassdprd Limitedvalue in standard Remark
Noise *WWTP boundary noise abide Noise Leq 60 11 Da class 2 industrial boundary [dB(A)j v noise standard (GB 12348-90) 50 Ni *Dishui lake and concerned _ght residential block are classified 65 Da by Jinzhou noise zoning and v abide the urban environmental 55 Ni noise standard 7IV D
5 5 vh
Wastewat 'Influent of WWTP abide class 500 Influent er 3 wastewater comprehensive CODcr mg/l __20EfIuent discharging standard (GB8978- BOD, mgil 300 Influent 1996) 30 Eff uent *Outfall of WWTP abide SS mg/Il 400 Influent secondary treatment standard 30 Efuent Wasted *odor from WWTP abide class Ammonia; Mgrnm 2.5 gas 2 odor emission 3 metho- Mgvmn 0 08 standard(boundary)(GB8978- ammonia; Discharging 1996) HiS Mg/ml 0.06 *odor fense distance will be Sulphur Mg/mi 0.007 standard calculated by "HI-T2. 1-2.3-93" Carbinol; and 'Making-method of local Sulphur Mg/r 0.07 air pollutant emission aether; standard(GB/T 13201-91)' Density of Mg/mr 20 odor.,______-Boiler smoke emission abide SOz Mgsm 900 11 penod boiler air pollutants Smoke Mg'm, 200 emission standard (GBPB3- 1999) Sludge -Sludge piling from WWTP Article abide "wastewater and sludge 4. 1-4.5 discharging standard of urban WWTP" (C13025-93)
-sludge composting abide Cd 5 20 PH<6 5 "pollutants controlling standard Hg 5 15 Front part w 11 for sludge used in agnculture Pb Mlg/1kg 300 1000 be abided (GB4284-84)" Cr Dry sludge 600 1000 PH>-6 5 *sludge piling from WWTP As 75 75 Behind p,ri abide "pollution controlling Cu 250 500 -ill be abide standard for solid waste of Liaoning (DB21-777-94) _ I
1 - 8 Jan15. 2001 Figure 1-IContent of EIA work
I class and contentsof EIA 2.engineeringanalysis 3.environmentalsummary of assessed *To identifythe class of EIA *new-built and updated pipeline area *To identify the route and general layout of onaturalsituation environmental protection WWTP geographical location, terrain, land objective *processanalysis of WWTP hydrology, groundwater, marine, *Toidentify the EIA criteria *engineeringpollution analysis of geological soil and plants, climate *To identify the scope of WWTP and meteorology. EIA *Pollutionanalysis of intercepting 'social-economicsituation *To identify contents and engineering distribution of industries,population; importanceof EIA *acknowledgeof pollution factor land uilization, natural resource, economicdevelopment, ancient relics *ecologicalenvironmental situation
8.administrative organization 4.status and assessment and conclusionof EIA /river water quality investigation *administrativeorganization EIA of urban and supervision: main items ' administrativeinstitution wastewater treatment supervised are pH, SS, CODcr, 'rational decision of site project financed by the BOD5, oil etc. selection porojec fiance bythspollution source investigation 'conclusion of surface water, World Bank -supervision of odor substance odor, sludge *supervision of noise in plant *comprehensiveconclusion boundaryand residentialblock
6.measureme t of pollution \ prevention 7.total amount controlling, .manage measurement of 5.forcastand assessmentof ELA clElAning production, and WWTP *Rationalityof WWTP location and lossand benefitanalysis *odor prevention analysis of amount and quality 'total amount controlling measurement change before and after WWTP analysis *sludge disposal constructed. *check and decide the measurement ' Forecast and assessment clEIAning production *ecological environment The focus is wastewater process improvement and discharging,odor fence distanceand *positivebenefit analysis protectionmeasurement sludge disposal *Adverse impact analysis *nver water quality *Analysis of water quality of two time pollution meeting standard improvement in section out to city *analysisof comprehensive measurement and estuary to Bohai SEA and loss and benefit contribution rate to meeting standard
1- 8 Jan.15,2001 1.8 The work content and focus of EIA
1.8.1 The work contentsof EIA
The work contentof EIA are given in figure 1-1.
1.8.2 Focus of EIA
Accordingto the pollution features and environmentalstatus of the project area, it is identifiedthat the focus of EIA for this project is:
(I) Engineeringanalysis, water balance and quality in servicearea. Alternativecomparison for site selection and treatment process in terms of engineering, technical, economic and environmentalcriteria.
(2) Impact analysis of effluent from the WwTPs on surface water, groundwaterand seawaters close to the shore when WwTP finished.
(3) Developmentof pollution preventionmeasures and assessmentof viability of total pollutant amountcontrol.
(4) Stressingthe priority of sludge disposal to avoid or minimize the environmentimpact of sludge disposal.
(5) Analysis of pollutants load flowing to rivers between before and after the WwTP finished and to comparethe improvementon water environment.
(6) Developmentof viable pollution supervisionplan and necessaryinstitutions.
1.8.3 Assessment Period
The assessmentperiod for the project is from the constructionperiod to operationperiod of WwTP.
1.9 EIA Methodology
1.9.1 Methodologyfor assessmentof existingenvironmental quality
Single factor standard indicator (index) method is adopted in assessment of surface water environment and air quality. Direct comparison between monitored value and standard value is adopted in assessmentof acousticenvironment assessment.
When the single factor standard indicatormethod is adopted, the change in degree of pollution of surface water and air quality will be evaluated by the magnitude of the index above the standard (1).
Direct comparison between monitored parameter and criteria for acoustic environment will be adopted, namely acousticenvironment situation will be expressedby value exceedingthe standard in terms of dB (A).
I - 8 Jan.15. 20 1.9.2 Methodologyof forecastingproject environmental impact
The techniques such as predication model and empirical formula recommended in technical guideline, comparative investigation, test, and systematic analysis, have been employed in EIA to forecast the load and concentration of main pollutants, and assess the impacts during the course of pollutant diffusion.
1.9.3 Monitoringfor environmentalpollution
The uniform technical methodology for environmental monitoring stipulated by China will be adopted:
(I) Technical specifications and pollution monitoring requirement for air, surface water, noise, odor and sludge.
(2) Monitoring and analysis method stipulated in national standard.
(3) National technical requirements on monitored data statistics and evaluation.
1.10 EIA institute and organization
The institute undertaking preparation of the basin-wide EIA report is Liaoning Provincial Environmental Protection Scientific Institute, which is provincial level scientific research organization in Liaoning. It has the capacity of undertaking comprehensive large scale of scientific research topic and has the EIA qualification certificate issued by SEPA.
The institutes undertaking preparation of EIA reports of Each project's components are:
(1) Shenyang Environmental Scientific Research Institute for Shenyang component.
(2) Liaoning Provincial Environmental Protection Scientific Research Institute for Panjin, Jinzhou, and Yingkou component.
I - 8 Jan.IS. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide
2 Environmental Analysis of the Area Affected by the Proposed Project
The impact area of the project is determninedto be Liao River Basinl, Xiaoling River Basin and the Bohai Sea, which is focused upon with investigation and analysis.
2.1 Liao River Basin
2.1.1 Natural environment
2.1.1.1 Geographical location of Liao River Basin, the river system and topography
Geographical location and river system
The Liao River Basin within Liaoning and Xiaoling Rivers is located in the southwest of Liaoning, north latitude 40031 '517' and east longitude 1 16054'- 125°32', covering an area of 219,600 km2. The detailed position of the four project cities is shown in Table 2-1 and Figure 2-1.
Table2-1 The Geographical Location of the Component Cities
City Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou
E 123 08-125 033' 122°21' 122025' 121°56-123° Location
N 41°1 1'-l 43°22' 40°1' 4102' 39055-40°56
The Liao River Basin consists of two trunk rivers, Liao River and Daliao River, while the Xiaoling River Basin consists of Xiaoling River and its tributary, Nu'er River. The main river systems within the assessment area are shown in Table 2-2.
2-I Jan 15. 2001 1191 2 V 123' U25 N
S r - \ : 1 Wt LEGEN4D | tc
lLI'*ts .} 1 - ' g A TownsT nd Cities -t Autonomous Regolon o 1 u m ilinAutonoms city " L~R8p Pioj.. Coy l
River Networki
,N' M wRt,
LIEP WRM S5vty Al..
Li| LIAO RIVER BASIN l PROJECT (LRBP) 5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ,,XFRe.erooan 5" LIAONING PROVINCE 5 PR CHINA "a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 40~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~* -LUCRPO IO afiMONTGOMERIY WATSon) b it . < . - | _ D~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~of North KoreaX)MNGrER ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PRASr 0 20 40 60 Kilometresi Figure 2-1 Location of project in People's Republic of China and Liaoining Provinice .I Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table2-2 The Liao River Basin within Liaoning Province RvrRiver MainPasnTol system Riwr branches Origin Passing Estuary length Remarks One of Inner- seven MongoliaJi biggest Guangtou lin, Shaha Enter rivers and mountain mountain, Bohai has been Liao Shuangtaizi in Qilaotu Liaoning, Sea at listed in the Liao River River mountains becomes Panshan "Three River in Hebei Liao River town in Riversand Province while Panjin Three lakes" passing whichneed Tieling. pollution control Hun River and Taizi Gunma River mountain convergeat Hun in Shancha Shancha River Suzi River Qingyuan Fushun, River in 511 River and town in Shenyang Panjin form Daliao Liaoning River which province enters Bohai Daliao Sea at River Yingkou system Hongshizili .mountain. Benxi Shancha Taizi 1Xni River Tang River In Liaoyang River in River town in Anshan Panjin Liaoning province Daliao Shancha SacaYnk River River River in Yingkou Yingko ______Panjin ______Caoyang, Beipiao, Xiaoli Zhuankala Huludao, Enter ng Xiaoling Nu'er mountain Yixian, Bohai 206 River River River in Xingcheng, Sea at Chaoyang Jinzhou Linghai and Bohai Sea Details of the surface water system at each project city are shown in Table 2.3 below: 2-3 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table2-3 Surface watersystem Project River Starting Terminal l Section Width Flow Flow speed length in city rate City section point point (k) km) (m3n) (m/s) Shenyang Hun River mountain, Sancha 415 172.6 36 50 0.6 mOutin, River ingyan _-___ Pangxie Flow into Ditch (a Shuangtaizi 2 35 2 - - Panjin branch of WujiaGate Riverat 21 13.5 28 24 1-2 Shuangtaizi Gangzhan _ __ _ _ River) I ______JinzouXaoln)gta KalaMonan,Foantoa Flwit Jinzhou XRiver Mihauan, the sea at 206 30 25 1192 0.26 Chaoyang Linghaicity Yingkou Daliao Sancha Estuary 511 15 2500- 410- 2 River River 4500 5800 (2) Topography Liao River Basin within the project area is located in the Liao River Plain. The general topography slopes from north to south, from east and west towards the middle. The elevation of inland cities of Shenyang and Panjin is between 30-60 m above the sea level, while the elevation of the coastal cities of Panjin and Yingkou are between 4-7m. 2.1.1.2 Climate and hydrology (1) Climate Liao River Basin is located in the Temperate Zone where monsoon climate prevails. The climate is characterized by distinct seasons. Spring and summer are mild while the winter between November and March is extremely cold. Precipitation increases from northwest to southeast. The average annual precipitation is between 350 and 1200 mm. Most of precipitation occurs in the period from June to September, accounting for 80% of annual total. Annual precipitation varies significantly between dry years and wet years. The precipitation in a wet year is typically 2.1 to 3.5 times higher than that in a dry year. Table 2-4 summarizes the main climate characteristics of the four component cities. (2) Hydrology The annual flows of LRB rivers are higher in the southeast and gradually decreases towards the northwest. The total flow in a wet year is 7 times as high as in a dry year. The annual average flow is approximately 15 billion m3 . Heavy storms usually occur between July and August, which often cause flooding. This two-month period typically accounts for 90 percent of the annual storms within the basin. Table 2.4 shows the typical climatic characteristics of the project cities. 2-4 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table24 Climatecharacteristics of the four cities Item Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Highesttemperature 39.3 30.2 36.5 28.5 Lowest Eemperature -33.1 -21.0 -30.0 -14.5 Averageannual temperature 7.8 8.3 8.9 8-9 Annual precipitation(mm) 734.5 800 601 550-600 Annualaverage humidity (%) 65 66 60 65 Annual averagewind speed 3.343 4.3 4.3 (m.s) Prevailingwind SW in summer SW in summer SSW in summer SW in surnmer Annual sunshinetime (h) 2574 2888 2865 2916 Frost period (d) 151 146 136 130 Soil frost depth (m) 1.2 1.13 1.18 1.18 Earthquake crack (degree) 7 7 7 7 Depth of shallowaquifer (m) 7.4-13.6 5-7 7-8 5-10 Hun River Liao River LiaodongBay of LiaodongBay of Receivingwater of effluent before before Bohai Sea before Bohai Sea before from the WwTP discharging discharginginto discharginginto discharginginto into Xi River Pangxie Ditch Xiaoling River Daliao River 2.1.1.3 General Situation of Water Resource (1) Water resource amount The total amount of water resource in Liao River Basin has been estimated at 23.511 billion mi3. The average per capita amount of surface water is 535 m3, which are only 20% of national average. Within the Liao River Basin agricultural irrigation is the principal usage of surface water, accounting for up to 70% of all water uses. The average quantity of surface water available for farming is 220 m3/mu, which is 12% of national average. In general, the Liao River Basin is a water sc4rce region. Figure 2-2 shows the water balance in the province. Surface Water Based upon recent hydrology statistics, the total flow in the LRB rivers is 10.131billion m3 in mild drought year. The flow of the trunk of Liao River is 2.384billion m3 , 21.06% of the total; while the flow of Taizi River is 2.852billion m3, or 28.15% of the total. Groundwater The total amount of extractable groundwater is 6.820 billion m3, while in the truck Liao River area, 1.0 12 billion m3 , accounting for 14.84%. In Hun River area, the extractable groundwater is 1.452 billion mi3, 21.29% of the total flow and that in Taizi River is 499 million m3, 7.31% of the total flow. (2) Annual Water Distribution and Seasonal Changes There is an identical characteristic of annual water distribution across Liao River Basin: most of the precipitation is concentrated from June to September, which accounts for 80% of whole 2-5 Jan 1S. 20QL Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide year's precipitation. Furthermore the precipitation in July and August is about 50% of the yearly total. The annual flow distribution is uneven. The high flow period is from June to September. From March to May and October is medium flow period. The low flow period is from November to February of next year. The flow in February is the lowest. The annual flow of river changes sharply from year to year. The difference between high flow year and low flow year is approximately 2-3 times. The biggest value is 7 times. According to long time statistics of hydrology, the frequency of occurrence of the high flow year and the medium flow year is every 10 years and 5 years, respectively. (3) The Existing Situation of Water Demand & Supply The total amount of water in Liho Rive Basin is 23.511 billion m3 . In normal years, the amount of water available for use is 10.567 billion mi3 . The section of Liao River in Liaoning province is seriously short of water. Utilization ratio of surface water is 81.2% and of groundwater 43.1%. But the water is still in short supply. In order to ensure national major industries water demand, the agriculture has to sacrifice.. Some cities in the province have to supply water on a rationed basis. The annual amount of water supplied is 7.836 billion m3 with which the annual water demand is 8.370 billion mi. The annual water supply gap is about 534 million m3 .Figure 2-3 presents the water distribution among various water consumers in Liaoning. Figure 2-3. Water Distribution structure in Liaoning Industrial use 21% Municipal use in Agricultural use11/ 61% 11%s Municipal use in rural area 5% Forestry, grazing and fishery use 2% 2-6 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmen,l Impac Assessment Report - Basin Wide Figure 2-2 Water Balance of Liaonig Province In 1998 3 (unit: hundred million m ) Figure 2-2 Water Balance of Liaonig Province In 1998 3 (unit: hundred million m ) EvaporationCPrecipitation Rivers Entering T A o114.72fm Si 3ortorge it |GGroundwateroutR 74.42 Re~~c.h9a8rge 3 5.32 Evaporation Total River Flow Lossess 41.45 1.07 Groundwater Recharge to Reservoirs _ ~~~~10.95 + Grondwte 5.84 _ ToalAbtrcto fomGrunwae Total Abstractionfrom Surface water Evapotranpiration Losness rrgton Rietrnst S jc TotalatReservior Abstraction from RP Surface & Storage Groundwater 1.S8 .lg 14.35 l | Coneac Losss & | Total Wastewater| 6.86 Province629.93 C ~~~IrrgationSeepage Effluent2.9 EvapotranpirationLossess | |Irrigation Returns to| ~~~~~~~~6.9 i Li, River I | To GroundwaterStorage & ||Rivers Flowing to the Sea| | Lossess to the sea || & Leaving Liaoning 4 | ~~~6.86 Province 29.98 Source: Liaoning Integrated Environment Project-WVaterResource Research Project 2-7 ln1.20 Liao River Basin Project Environmenti Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 2.1.1.4 Geology, mineral resource and soil Liaoning Province has a very rich and complex geology. The entire stratigraphic record is represented from the Archaean to the Quaternary with the exception of the Upper Silurian and the Devonian periods. The mountainous areas of east and west Liaoning are composed of a very diverse assemblage of igneous, metamorphic and some sedimentary rocks that are hosts to a range of mineral deposits of national importance. These include coal, iron, lead, zinc, copper, magnesium, molybdenum, manganese, talc, borax, gold and diamonds. The province has been affected by eight tectonic events, which has resulted in numerous E W and NE-SW trending fractures. Some of these faults are still active today as evidenced by recent earthquakes. They also serve as pathways for deep circulating groundwater the emerges at the ground surface as hydrothermal springs. The main control on the present day topography of the Province was the opening of the Liao River rift valley during the Tertiary. The Liao River Valley forms a low, flat plain between the mountainous areas of east and west Liaoning. Throughout the Tertiary period the erosional products of the mountains have been deposited in the subsiding Liao river rift valley to form a sedimentary sequence up to 1000 metres in thickness. This contains significant resources of petroleum, natural gas, oil shales and coalbed methane. The Quatemary fluvio-lacustrine and glacial sediments form the most important groundwater aquifers in Liaoning. They include gravels, sands and silts up to 420 meters in thickness, which are intercalated with clays deposited during three marine transgressions. - 2.1.2 Ecological Environment Shenyang, Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou are located in the alluvial plain of Liao River Basin. The proposed wastewater treatment plants, which will be constructed to serve the five project cities, will make a significant contribution to improving the surface water quality in receiving water bodies. The ecological system in the area mainly refers to rural ecological system. Along banks of river course receiving the effluent there are paddy fields and dry farmlands. Due to years of severe pollution and harsh hydrology, most fish and other water borne species have extinguished from LRB rivers and other natural water bodies. Fresh water fish may only be found in the reservoirs and fishponds in the LRB areas. Shuangtaizi wetland near the Daliao river estuary is an exception. The 400 km2 area some 30 km away from Panjin has been identified and designated as a national level Natural Protection Zone because of its significant ecological value. There are 321 kinds of resident and migrating wild life including 236 species of birds and diversified vegetation at the wetland. In particular, the Shuangtizi wetland is an important habitat for migratory birds and each year hundreds of thousands of migrating birds stop and take temporary residence at the Shuangtaizi wetland. 2 - 8 Jan 15. 2001 Liao Rivier Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 2.1.3 General Situation of Social Economic Environment 2.1.3.1 Overview of Social Condition Within the Liao River Basin of Liaoning section, there are municipalities of Shenyang, Tieling, Anshan, Liaoyang, Benxi, Fushun, Yingkou, Panjin, Fuxin, Jinzhou and Chaoyang. The population in the area is 33.02 million, the non-agricultural population is 14.655 million. The average population density is 338 h/km2. 2.1.3.2 Overview of Economic Condition The basin is a base of agriculture and grazing for China, the farmland is 59.4187 million mu accounting for 20.33% of the basin area. In 1995 the gross agricultural output is 47 billion RMB. The forest area in the basin is 66.345 million mu, the coverage rate of forest in the west region is low. There are few natural lakes and fishing and aquaculture activities are mostly in reservoirs in the area and fish ponds around villages. The heavy pollution of river courses within the basin due to industrial and municipal discharges and limited natural dilution has deteriorated the eco-environment in the rivers, causing extinction of fish and prawn. The seawater zone near the estuary is a most suitable area for development of fishery and aquaculture. Serious water pollution however takes toll of the near shore fishery and vanishing of precious fish species from this area, and force the fisheries to the deeper sea. The industries of the cities located in the basin are of wide variety. The main industries are petroleum exploration and refinery, paper making, food processing, machinery, electronics and metallurgy, etc. The distribution of industries are not even across the basin. Moat of the industries are concentrated in the middle and downstream of the Liao River, where Liaoning is located. The gross industrial output in the province is 305.3 billion RMB per annum, accounting for 93% of the total in the basin as a whole. There are over 1000 medium to large scale of state-owned enterprises, with a total output of approximate 140 billion RMB per annum. 2.1.3.3 Transportation Condition The four cities are relatively prosperous, with convenient transportation in termnsof railway, highway, air connections and ocean shipment to the outside. Although the proposed WwTPs are all located in the outskirts, the transportation condition is good. 2.1.3.4 Natural Reserve and Relic Site There is no known natural reserve or relic site around the proposed sites for WwTPs and sludge disposal except that the Shuangtaizi River which receive the effluent from Panjin WwTP before discharging to the Shuangtaizi Wetland Reserve. 2.1.3.5 Overview of Social Environment in Urban Area Table2-5 presents the social conditions of four project cities. 2 - 9 Jlan15. 2 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table 2-5 Summarv of Social Condition in the Four Cities JurisdIction Area Population Amountof Annual total City Nature of city Jurisdiction Area Population industrial industrial al__area_ _kM2_ (unit:10000 enterprise output value Industrialcity, a 5000, political, economic, I CitV 2.36 including330 Shenyang transportationand 3 counties 104 576 large scale 1333 cultural centerof 9 districts state-owned Province enterpnses Strongoil and Panjin chemicalindustry 2 districts 167 53 47 475 base Comprehensive industrialcity, with petroleum,chemical, 2 cities JmnzhouJi.zhou machinery,.'. 4 districts 45.8 80 46 197 electronics,wool 2 counties spinning, medicine and construction materials Comprehensive light industrialcity, main 2 cities Yingkou industriesare paper 4 distncts 648 64.1 46 126 manufactureand chemical. _ 2.1.4 River System & Pollution Impact 2.1.4.1 Pollution Status of River Water The river systems involved in this project are Liao River and Daliao River, within Liao River Basin in Liaoning province. In general, pollution of water is very serious. Approximately 90% of river sections being regularly monitored cannot meet the Category V standard. All river sections in the cities exceed Category V. Not only is it an indication of poor water quality which cannot be beneficially used for its intended functions, but also an indication of the poor environmental quality in the region in general. This situation hinders the sustainable development of local economy and the improvement of local residents' living quality. Figure 2-4 shows the pollution status of the major rivers involved in the project. Figure 2-4. W ater quallty classification In m a jor rivers in LR B 600 500 c 400 _C ategory I an d II 300 Oc ategory III 0> _ _ _ I I*Category IV 200 _Category V and Over-V I0 mmm Liao River Hun River Taizi Daliao Daling X aoling River River River River River 2 -10 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table 2-6 presents the assessment result of the river sections of Liao River Basin. Table 2-6 Comprehensive Assessment on River Sections in Liao River Basin 1993 1994 1995 1999 Evalou ation Name items Items - -Items Water Rive ofthe Curren exceedi Cuent exceed Curren xceedi system rs sectiont nt exceed situatio * t the situati ngtahea situat ng the mg tesituati ngth on d ion standard on d Zhuer ______Excee dExce ExceExce CDr ExceedinGed rOc Excee CDCdOc Po______Moutai ding ODc eding CODc, ing CODc, ding CODc P n(in -Catego BODs ate BOD ategor BOD Categ BOD, Poor Tieling ryVgory 5 City) ryry _ p y V ory V Shu- Excee Exce Exceed Excee Liao Liao guange ding CODCr Cted CODCing ig CODC ding CODC, Por R DiverRiver g atego BOD5 BOD Categor BOD5 Categ BOD, Poor (in ry V gory y V ory V Panj in) _ __V ______Zhaoqu Excee Exce Exceed Excee aoenEy ding CODC, digc COD, ing CODc, ding CODc, Poor Gatego BOD, BOD,-ategor BOD Categ BOD, n gory y V 5 ory V ______~Panjii) ry Qijianfa Excee CODC, Exce Exceed Excec ng(in ding BOD, eding ing CODCr ding Shenya Catego oil Cate CODCr Categor phenol Categ CODCr Poor ng) ryV phenol gory ol ory V River Yja Exce ExceedExe ng (in- eding CODc, ing CODc, ding CDr Po Shenya C ate BOD, Caregor oil Categ CD, Po ng) gory oil y V ory V (upstrea Caeogory M) ry IV ___ II y H1 ory 1I ent Gate ~~~ExceedOD Excee Catego Caeing COc' ding CODc, Tii Xinan rIVgory phenol CtgrphenolCte phenol Po River v V ol orv V oit__ ___ Daliao Excee CODcr Exce Exceed GD Excee River Xiakou dingq BOD, eding inatgo CODcr dng GD zi Catego oil Gate GODCr Cango BO Catgdi oo Ty V henol gory phenol CateV oo ry Vphenol v ______I____ I___ Excee Exce Exceed Excee Xiaojie ding GODc, eding GODcr ing CODCr ding pCeOlD Poo templeGatego phenol Gate ol Gtgrphenol Ganl ot tepl Caeooil gory oi yVteo oil laeg oil ryV ory V Dalia ~~ExceeGOc ae GDr Exceed Execee Dla Shanch ding CODc gory CODC ing GODc, ding GODc. oo a River Catego Vor oi Categor oil Gateg oil River ry V oil - Ol v V o_y__ Excee Edicg Exceed Excee Yongy ding ingdin ngin 9yu CODc, Cate ODCr COD Gateg Dr Poor ryV ~~~~gory ory V ryv v 2-1 aLL.Q1 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 1993 1994 1995 1999 Evalu ______aton Name ItemsItmIes Water Rive of the Curren eceedi Curre Items Current emsd Crn cxceedi system rs t nt exceedi Curn xee xed section i tang thet ng the stuatio ing the t ng the siuh standar situatngdtbe n standa shaistandar on dstndard rd on d Excee Exce Exceed Excee Baigu ding CODcr edaitng CODc ing CODc, ding CODc, River Catego BOD5 go BOD5 Categor BODs Categ BOD5 Poor Xiaolin Xiaol ry V V Y V ory V g River River Excee Exce Exceed Excee Nu'er ding CODcr eding CODc. ing CODcr ding CODc, River Catego BOD5 Cate BOD, Categor BOD5 Categ BOD, Poor ry V gory y V ory V 2.1.4.2 Pollution Impact on River Water In Liaoning Province, all river sections in cities exceed Category V water quality standard, which makes the water unsuitable for use. The polluted river water contaminates shallow aquifer around the river as it is the primary sources for groundwater recharge. It directly affects drinking water source for urban and rural residents, causing the following severe problems: Threatening Drinking Water Sources for Urban Residents. In many cities groundwater resources have to be abandoned due to pollution. In order to solve the problem, the water sources have to be moved upstream, that make two cities to use one reservoir. s Difficult to provide safe Drinking Water for Countryside Residents Severe pollution of surface water has forced many villages solely depend upon groundwater. The continued over-abstraction of groundwater has caused many villagers to drill deeper wells to obtain adequate supply of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. * Pollution of Irrigation Water Continued practice of using heavily polluted surface water for irrigation has in many cases resulted in a significantly increasing toxins found in the soil. In extreme cases, farms have to be abandoned. * Making Problem of Water Shortage More Seriously Liaoning province is one of the provinces seriously short of water. The average capita consumption is 536m3 , one third of national standard. The scarcely of ***** water resources within Liaoning Province is combined with serious pollution of surface water. * Impact and Destruction of Environment and Coastal Ecology Pollution of surface water is having a serious impact upon Liaoning Province. Many of aquifers from which municipal raw water is abstracted are recharged by surface water. The effect upon offshore coastal water of the Bohai Sea is also significant. High concentration of nutrients is a major trigger to breakout of red tides, which are becoming increasingly serious. 2- 12 Jan 15. 2001 Liao Riv'er Basin Project Environmental Impac Assessment Report - Basin W'ide 2.1.5 Relationbetween Wet Land of ShuangtaiziRiver's Mouth and Liao River The Wetland of Shuangtaizi River's mouth is an important reed wetland in China. It is a big water storage and wastewater cleaning area, and home for wetland creatures, such as birds, fish, shrimp and crab. The wetland is also a wild animal protection zone covering 800 km2. It provides a sound place for migratory animals. However by the early 1980's, with development of industry and more intensive agriculture, the protection area has been threatened by serious pollution. This was especially the case from contamination caused by development of the Liao River Oilfield in and around Panjin. In this project, wastewater from Panjin (Xinglongtai) wastewater treatment plant will be discharged into Shuangtaizi River via the Pangxie Ditch. Panjin wastewater treatment plant outfall is located approximately 30 km upstream of the wet lands. After passing through the wetland, Liao River enters the Bohai Sea. The condition of the wetland is strongly influenced by the quality of river water of both the Shuangtaizi River and Liao River. 2.2 Bohai Sea 2.2.1 Natural Environmert Bohai Sea is a part of coastal waters of China and marginal sea in the west part of the Pacific Ocean. The Bohai Sea is semi-closed water. It connects with the Yellow Sea solely via the Bohai Strait. It consists of three bays, Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay. The area is 77,000 km2 and average depth is 18 m. In this project, Yingkou is near Bohai Sea, Panjin is 30 km and Jinzhou is 42 kmn from Liaodong Bay. 2.2.1.1 Marine Geology & Landform Bohai Sea is overlaid by sandy deposit. The bedrock of the Bohai Sea is metamorphic rock. The sand becomes coarse towards central part of the bay. The sand in Liaodong Bay is mainly coarse and fine. The distribution of deposits of Bohai Bay is obviously affected by rivers along coast and central part is ancient deposit. The Bohai Sea is a shallow continental shelf basin with smooth bottom. 2.2.1.2 Coastal River System and Surface Water Runoff Around the Bohai Sea there are 37 rivers, from which the annual flow is more than 30 billion m3 . The runoffs of Daliao River, Liao River (Shuangtaizi River) and Xiaoling River are from I billion to 10 billion M3 . Shuangtaizi and Xiaoling rivers are seasonal rivers. For most time of the year there is little or no flow in the rivers, while during flood season the water is turbid. 2.2.1.3 Wind Direction The direction of wind in Bohai Bay plays a dominant role in the Bohai sea climate. During the summer period the wind direction is predominantly from the sea to the land. During winter period the wind direction is predominantly from the land to the sea. During winter the ocean current caused by the wind accounts for a large proportion. However, during summer when the wind is less strong, the effect is substantially reduced and accounts for a small percentage. 2-13 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wi7de 2.2.1.4 Ocean Current & Tide The ocean current of the Bohai Sea comprises of two systems. One is residual current and the other is warm current of black tide. The two systems combine within the enclosed Bohai Sea and have the characteristic of cyclone nature. The tidal current in the Bohai Sea is very strong. The ocean current in Bohai Sea, which is very weak, is basically controlled by tide. The surface current, which has changeable characteristics, is specially affected by wind. The result of an investigation done by State Ocean Bureau and State Environment Protection Bureau shows that it will take 3-4 years for 50% water to exchange with outer ocean and 16 years for a complete tum over. The tide in the Bohai Sea is mainly formed by the tidal waves from the Pacific Ocean. The tide in the Bohai Sea occurs twice a day. Height of tide is from 1m to 5m (max). Normal tide is between 2 m and 3 m. Range of tide is 10 km. 2.2.2 Aquatic Resources The Bohai Sea is located in warm Temperate Zone where is based on a wide continental shelf area. Large quantities of nutrients from rivers are discharged to th'e sea, providing a good living environment for various marine creatures. Before 1980s, there were more than 200 species of fish and shrimp in the Bohai Sea. More than 100 species could be caught through normal fishing activities. The annual fishing production was 500,000-700,000 ton, which account for 30% of whole country's fishing production. There were several kinds of fish and shrimps such as cod, catfish and so on. Because of wild beach, a lot of shellfishes were existing. Marine culture developed rapidly. But after 1980s, because large amounts of pollutants are discharged into the sea, pollution of coastal area of Bohai Sea is becoming more and more serious. In addition, over-fishing has been identified as the primary reason for the decline in the fisheries resources. The creatures and aquatic resources are decreased largely and the quality of aquatic products has been much worse. 2.2.3 Overview of Social Environment There is 50 million people living in-the coastal area around Bohai Sea, amongst 10 million around Liaodong Bay. * There are over 90 major cities and towns with a population about 10 million. The major industries in the coastal area are petrochemical, papermaking, food processing, machinery, electronics and metallurgy. * There are a lot of sea ports such as Dangdong Port, Dalian Port, Yingkou Port, Bayuquan Port, Jinzhou Port, and Huludao Port. 2.2.4 Relation between Estuaries and Bohai Bay There are 37 rivers around Bohai Sea. Average runoff entering the sea is 31.405 billion m3 . The effluent from the WwTPs of the four cities will be discharged into Liao River, Daliao River and Xiaoling River, before flowing into Bohai Bay. Table 2-8 presents the relation between these estuaries and Bohai Bay. 2 -14 Jan 15.,2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin *,ae Table 2-8 Estuaries of Rivers Distance Distance between Municipal between The setwon wastewater Receiving Name of WwTP runoff of section Sea area No. treatment course the estuary Andmthe estuary easured entering treatmnt cus h estuaryAn(temstar and the etrn plant __ es(tuary (kmm) estuary (kin)~~~km First discharge Enter Shenyang into Xi Estuary of Liaodong I 800,000m 3/d River and Daliao 180 16.00 26.00 Bay from WWTP then flow River Daliao into Hun River River First discharge into Enter Panjin Pangxie Esmary of Bohai 2 100,00Om3/d Ditch and Shuangtaizi 35 12.80 15.0 Bay from WWTP then flow River Liaodong into Bay Shuangtai zi River Enter Jinzhou Xiaolin Esruary of Bohai 3 100,000m3/d .River Xiaoling 30 8.01 7.0 Bay from WWTP River Liaodong Bay Enter Yingkou Daliao Estuary of Bohai 4 l00,00m 3/d River Daliao 7 16.00 26.00 Bay from WWTP River Liaodong _ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Bay 2.2.5 Pollution of Bohai Sea & Red Tide Over past 20 years, pollution problem in the Bohai Sea has become more and more serious. The main reason is that a large quantity of untreated wastewater being discharged by industries, municipalities and agriculture which ultimately enter the Bohai Sea. The pollutants in Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay are nutrients and organic compounds, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and CODcr, which result in increasingly serious red tide breakout in terms of frequency and extent 2.2.6 The Current Situation of Cities' Sewerage and Water Environmental Quality Table2-8 presents the current situation of cities' sewerage and water environmental quality. 2-15 Jan 15.2001 Liao River BasinProject EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report- Basin Wide Table 2-8 Current situation of cities' sewerage and water environmental quality Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou 4 (West ditch, Sewerage 3 (south,west, and .e .i Shachangditch, functionzoning north area) Xnglongtai North of Huaxianditch and ______Dongzhanditch) Pipeline(km) 108 206 130 130 Sewer system Combined Combined Combined combined Service area 198 60 45.8 37.5 Service population 330 23 56.6 43.6 (unit:10000) Total wastewater 163.74 8 20.61 18 flow (x I 0,00OM3/d) 2-16 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 3. The Project Overview and Analysis 3.1 Project Overview 3.1.1 The Projectand Components The LRBP funded by the World Bank includes two parts: municipal wastewater collection (interceptors)system and wastewatertreatment plants, details see Table 3-1. Table3-1 The Projectand Components ProjectName Liao River Basin Project components Description Shenyang Construct a Wastewatertreatment plant (800,000rN3/d),and interceptorsand pumping Sheyang Cstations. Construct a Wastewatertreatmnent plant (I OO,OOOm3/d),and interceptorsand pumping Panjin stations. Jinzhou Construct a Wastewatertreatment plant (100,000m3/d),and interceptorsand pumping ______stations. Construct a Wastewatertreatmnent plant (I100,000m3/d),and interceptorsand pumping Yingkou stations. 3.1.2 Wastewater interceptors For layout of interceptors in four cities, refer to Table 3-2 - 3-5 and Figure 3-1 - 3-4. Total length of those interceptors in the four cities is 57.22km. Table 3-2 WastewaterInterception Work in Shenyang No. Start point Direction End point Size Length Depth Material (mm) (kmn) (mn) 1. Bei 'er Road Northward Waihuang 2400x14 2.44 6 Reinforced Road concrete pipe 2. HuangheStreet Westward Xijiang 2200x - 6 Reinforced 2 HuangheStreet WestStreet ______concrete pipe 3. Songshan Road Southward Xinkai 2200xl 6 Reinforced 3_ SongshanRoad Southward Canal ______6 concrete pipe 4_4. _Sanhuan_RoadSanhuan Road Southward DayuRoad 2200xl 6 concreteReinforcedpipe 5. Congshandong Westward BeitaPS 1OOOx1800 16.114 6 Reinforced Road concrete culvert 6. Shengli covered Southward Hun River 2 x2 1.55 6 Reinforced 6. canal Southward LungRiver2200x2000 1.5 6 concrete culvert 7. Nanbadidao Southward Lingkong 2200x2400 3.5 6 Reinforced xPS concrete culvert Lingkong Reinforced 8. GongnongPS Westward Culver 2800x2400 1.9 6 concreteculvert South Wastewater The Reinforced 9. . erad proposed --- CollectionSystem WwTP concrete culvert 0. Wu'ai PS Southward Miou 3Ox30 10 -Reinforced 10. Total Southward Miaopu 3200x2300 105 6 concrete culvert Total -26.5 6 3-1 Ja.15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table3-3 WastewaterInterception Work in Panjin No. Start point Direction End point Size Length Depth Material ______~~~~~~(mm)(kin) (m Zhuanjing Reinforced I Sanchang Southward Middle 1100 3.8 2.7 concretepipe Schoolcoceepe Nortwest Zhuanjing 2 Wulipu Northwest Middle 1200 3.0 2.7 Reinforced ward School II Iconcrete pipe 3 Zhuanjing Westward The 1800-2800 6.7 2.7 Reinforced 3_____ Middle School WWTP 1 concrete culvert Total ______13.5 1 2.7 J______ Table3-4 WastewaterInterception Woek in Jinzhou No. Start point Direction End point Size Length Depth Material ______~~~~~~~~~~~~~(mm)(kmn) (m _ Changtunhe East Shiyin 1600 1.37 3.0 Reinforced I outfall Eat Street 10137 30 concrete pipe ______outfall_ _ _ _ 2 Shiyinstreet East Renmi'n 1600 Reinforced 2 ouyitreet East street 1000 1.3 30 concrete pipe outfall ~~~~~outfall 3 Renmin street Eat Weidong 210 .8 30Rifre outfall East road outfall 2x1600 1.48 3.0 concrete e 4 Weidong road South Dishuihu 2x2200 2.35 3.0 Reinforced ______~outfall ______outfall x200 ____ concrete culvert Ijishuihu ~Wastewater 5 DishuihA South treatment 2200x2000 1.44 3.0 Reinforced outfall plants concrete culvert Total ______8.43 [ 3.0 Table 3-5 The wastewatercollection system in Yingkou No. Start point Direction End point Size Length Depth Material .______(mm) (k ) (m) Gangjian flood Shachang Rifre I Gajith otfllod West flood ditch 1000 1.85 3.0 concrete pipe 2 ditch outfall~~~~~~West Westflood outfall 1200 47070teatr3.0foce 30 concrete culven Total ditch outfall tatent 2000xl600 220 30 conWest.nrete culvert plants ______ Total ______8.75 3.1.3 Location of existing and proposed pumping stations Infomiation of existing and proposed pumping stations are listed in Table 3-6, and for location, see Figure 3-1 - 3-4. 3 -2 Jian. 15 2001 **, . 4>44 9 ,, ., , Dongling , | | RDad 444 eYuhong , ! U_ :? 6 HepingF \<. 8/.98 clit; Og 4 I ~~~~~~~~~ V~~~ongling- 4 j HY ong+4j .004 000o/dayrr*1 _ w~~~~~~. a -=1-i f4-- iD~~~~~~dongcit p,t:t\~~~~Exsog o /~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s ; v . I .' (lobocottrKsslond2002} j ; 4 ' Y I E t1 ) : itol44 Yuhonguog Hpng ML ogin ., ; " . Sh6n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-' e Milof Road ' . 4~~~~~~~~~~7' Yuhong~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Eitn )ORIver- Proposed Dangling~HpinDon l'ig 4 .. Proposd Pumpin ProposUngkong WWTW *W I abOn 20 000 mday (to be conwrissimed2002)~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~'201 I 800000 m'iday - .*xI - -~~~~~ *IOPOODO /day S *., .:- 0i ' St ! 3L' Appscaleoma a OropIdC OlotrictBPundary i.~~~~~~~~~~Udrmsnd,.j .,. ,, _y Prpoe DAlE eWasevva200Sy em Poposl - .,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ., .' r..*~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,y~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~rpn t. Shuangtaizi I' \ ,,, S E ,,, > 11"if~~~~~te) Distrnct | ''., 1 . z ,, / -~~~~Shvanctil . @. . | . | / '2 ti >/ 6#{nleS~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~lceptor : . Xinglongtai - t . 1 ~~~~~~~~~Districti_ 4- . ' | ai°olCn| | ; - ,0 pan,tij oiloh LEGEND ProposedInterceptor - Interceptor a ; Locationof Proposed'ANWTW ExistingPump Stations * Puming Sta(ions Modifiedto discharge I 2z 3.-_ r -. : 9 Into Interceptor GraphicScale @ (;--+ 8SCALES: * . ' LIAORIVER BASIN PROJECT (LRBP) A . - MWiONTGOME2WA WATSO5 LUUCCRPO P WastewaterCitySystern Map Proposal b ~OANPAT CHE.CK .c Figure 3-2 -PANJIN -f0,001601 6.5 A APPOVEfl )a WA. . tA _ < t GuTa District' f- Lingg e~ 0 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Proposed 8 , .,..;v{. t.l/ in,terep0*to. .r Tai He District .- o0 8 ' Proposed-;1-s* W\NWT.W . *- .. ; ' *,; .. _ j !.. ;-.LEGEND W; - - *-i ____,__.__-_--_i ! Dls2rIlcBoundary ''t '0 3 , . .... o~~~~~~~1 2 3km ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a0'.^' . i ' s11 SCALES: v LIAO RIVER BASIN PROJECT (LRBP).t . t;; i5 nR^|N | PAT U10 : . '' '. ' .'. . ' : '; : UCRPOWastewaterSystemrProposal___ APPROVED | 1 EEDOI } WA AIIEW. CTOrKE Figure3-3 - JINZHOU 80110016B16 .40 .4 .,~~~~~~40"N 1 Li 4N, ~~~~~~~~~A ~ ~'cq ProposedSludge'MIV ~1' WipsdSt'" z~V is.~ v& N'1 - .01 J'.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. k~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,1iq .. -:v~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ i2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1.4 ~~ ~ ~ ~ I APPROVED J 01.001 8'00~~~IA RVE BSI POJCT(LBP Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentWaImpact Assessment Report - Basin Wlde Table3-6 Existingand proposedpumping stations in project cities City name Shenvang Paniin Jinzhou Yingkou Existingpumping station 2 12 12 Proposedpumping station 4 2 4 Total 6 14 16 3.1.4 The wastewater treatment plant 3.1.4.1 The objective of wastewater treatment The general objective of wastewater treatment is based on phased construction of wastewater treatment plants in accordance with requirements of LIEP. The short term objective -- to remove CODcr within the four project cities to meet the requirement for water function of class V. The long tern objective ---- to remove nitrogen within the four project cities to meet the requirement for planning water function of class V. 3.1.4.2 The construction scale, land acquisition, site location and investment of project The construction scales, land acquisition of wastewater treatment plants in the four cities, see Table 3- 8. Table3-8 Constructionscale and land acquisitionfor WwTP in 5 cities Name of WwTP Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Treatrnent4 3 flow (10 m/d) 80 _ l__I___0 Land acquisition4 2 (10 m ) 55 10. 19 _ _14.4 Location Xiaoyu village,Zhaijia Xiyue village, Dishuihuvillage, Xipaotai,suburb of town, Yuhong district XinloRgtai district Chenbei district Yingkou Investment (104 RMB) 182,600 20,007 20,725 19,017 WorldBank loan 99,600 9,960 9,960 9,960 3.1.4.3 Layout of WwTP The detailed layoout drawings for the four WwTPs are presented in Figure 3-5 to 3-8 respectively. 3.1.5 Service area The municipal wastewater, consisting of industrial and domestic wastewater, in the four cities will be intercepted and treated by the proposed works. The service areas are detailed in Table 3-8. Table3-8 Service area of wastewatertreatment plants Name of WwTP Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Industrypollution source (points) 44 21 30 16 Urban servicearea (kmn) 75 40 51 22 Serviced population( i00ersons) 120 23 52.8 46.3 3-7 Jan. 5 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmentai Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 3.1.6 Protection objective of the project (1) Protect the water intake sites in the four cities, and improve water bodies within Liao River Basin so as to achieve environment requirements for functional zoning. (2) Protect off-shore waters of Bohai Sea to achieve environment function zoning requirements. (3) Resolve wastewater problems in the four cities to achieve objective of sustainable development. 3.2 Analysis of Engineering 3.2.1 The wastewater treatment process 3.2.1.1 The designed influent characteristics and effluent standard According to the feasibility report of five cities, the designed influent characteristics and effluernt standard for the project are in Table 3-10. Table3-10 Designedinfluent characteristics and effluent standard Parameter CODcr BOD5 TSS TKN* NH,N* Influent 400 - 450 170 - 200 200 - 210 25 19 Effluent 100 30 30 10 2 Removalrate (%) 70 - 78 82 - 85 85 - 86 60 89 Longterm objective --- to removenitrogen. 3.2.1.2 The wastewater treatment process The recommend uniform wastewater treatment approach by Consultant is a conventional activated sludge process: Reaeration - Denitrification - Nitrification (RDN) through comparison and evaluation in feasibility report, the detail process description is in Section 4.3. The wastewater treatment plan-'s will be constructed in phases according to the Master Plan of the cities. In short term, objective of wastewater treatment is removal of CODcr; in long term, the objective is nitrogen and phosphons removal. The main wastewater treatment unit structures, equipment and requirements are in Table 10. Table3-10 Major wastewatertreatment structures, equipment and requirements No. Name Unit Quantities Technical requirements i Coarsescreen Each 2 duty, 1 standby Net bar spacing <25mm, upstream screen of 5o- 100mm to be used if it is necessary (wit exceptionof Shenvang). 2 Lifting pump Each 2 duty to be providedas required 3 Fine screen Each 2 duty, I standby Net bar spacing 6-10mm, screenings are to be washed. dewateredand disposedoff-site. 4 Grit removal Each 3 duty, 1 standby Grit channels are to be of aerated spiral flo'x tank design, grit is to be removed, washed and disposed. 5 Influent flow Each 3 duty, I standby Wastewaterflows enteringthe treatmentplant will measurement be measured using flumes and non-contact I ultrasoniclevel detection equipment. 3 - 8 fan. 15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide No. Name Unit Quantities Technicalrequirements 6 Primaryclarifier Each Surface overflow rate <72 m3 /m2day, hydraulic retention time >1.5 hr. 7 Bio-reactortank Each 4 Hydraulicretention time is 1.5 hr, sludgeretention time < 6 days, sludgeproduction is to be less than 160 mg TSS per Litre of wastewater treated, design rate of RAS is 40%; facilities are to be provided to return up to 70% of the wastewater ______~~~~~~~~~flow. 8 Final clarifier Each 8 Surface overflowrate <24 m3/m2 d, solid loading rate < 125 kg/ m3 day, maximumdiameter <52 m, water depth: 4.5-5.0 m. 9 Sludge return Each I duty, I standby Design return activatedsludge (RAS)rate is 40%, pumpingstation maximumpumping rate for RAS is 70%. 10 Disinfectant Each 1 Chlorine dosing rate <5 mg/I, contactingtime >20 tank min. 11 Sludge thickening Each 1 duty, I standby Sludge recovery rate is 97%, chemical dosing is 5 tanks and kg/tonesdry sludge; the water content of sludgecake is mechanical 80%,hydraulic loading of beltpress< 38U/s. dewatering house The treated effluent will discharge into receiving watercourse through designed outfalls in the four cities. Actual location of outfalls are shown in Figure 3-1 -3-4. (3) Mechanical Dewatering The thickened sludge will be dewatered by belt presses. The chemical conditioning (polyelectrolyte) requirement is 5 kg/tones dry sludge. Hydraulic loading rate of belt press will not exceed 24 kg/hr per meter of belt width. Operation of mechanical plant will be based on 16 hours per day, 6 days per week when design flow is less than 200,000 m3/day, Operation of mechanical dewatering chamber will be based on 20 hours per day, 6 days per week when design flow is greater than 200,000 m3/day. Solid content of the dewatered sludge cake is 20%. (4) Sludge Disposal Dewatered sludge will be tipped to an on-site storage site with at least capacity for 7 days, then the cakes will be transported to a safe landfill or composting plant. 3.3 Analysis on Influent Flow and Quality 3.3.1 Survey on Existing Wastewater Flow and Quality (1) Industrial wastewater According to the statistics (base year: 1999), number of industrial enterprises in service area in the four cities are that Shenyang 44, Panjin 21, Jinzhou 30 and Yingkou 16. Discharge wastewater flows of those enterprises are 400,000 tones/d, 30,000 tones/d, 48,000 tones/d and 30,000 tones/d respectively. Total wastewater flow is 508,000 tones/d. CODcr as the main pollutant is 186 tones/d, 10.65 tones/d, 18.48 tones/d and 10.8 tones/d. The main industrial wastewater flow and pollutants are listed in Table 3-1 1, the statistics for other pollutants discharge are in Table 3-12. 3 - 9 an. 152001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table3-11 Main industrialwastewater flows and pollutants City name Numberof enterprise Industrialwastewater CODcr Amount Amount (104 tones/a) /o (104 tones/a) / Shenyang 44 40 50 186 48 Panjin 21 3 30 10.65 30 Jinzhou 30 4.8 48 18.48 47 Yingkou 16 3 30 10.80 25 Table3-12 Other pollutantsdischarged from industries Unit: t/d Pollutant Sulphide Petroleum SS TN TP Cr+6 Al CN Phenol Shenyang 3.74 320 3,360 11,680 1,460 0.12 0.62 0.22 3.60 Panjin 5.06 24.40 8.678 1,460 183 - - - 3.23 Jinzhou 11.22 83.87 8,803 1.460 146 0.13 0.67 2.74 Yingkou 22.59 5.24 8,705 1,460 146 0.03 The statistics for industrial wastewater and main pollutants in four cities are in Table 3-13. Table3-13 The statisticsof wastewaterfrom different industrial categories in the four cities Industrytype Quantities Industrywastewater CODcr Volume Rate Volume Rate 4 ______(10 tonne/A) (%) (104tonne/A) (%) Petroleum 18 12,914 22 6.275 4 Chemical 88 9,586 16 10,411 6 Paper 69 6.275 11 107,998 63 Metallurgy 36 8,375 14 5,716 3 Food 142 2,099 4 23,126 13 Machine/Electricity 273 3,122 5 2,526 1 Textile/Dyeing 60 1,049 2 2.670 2 Power/CoalGas 56 5,861 9 4,297 3 Others 95 10,289 17 9.296 5 Total 837 59,570 100 172,395 100 Thetabular statisticsfigures are approximatevalues, for referenceonly. Table 3-13 shows that ranking of industrial wastewater discharge volume from various categories is Petroleum > Others > Chemical > Metallurgy > Paper > Power/Coal Gas > Machine/Electricity >Textile/Dyeing > Food > Textile. Among those, discharged volume of the first three sectors amounts to 55% of total volume. The sequence of discharge volume of CODcr is Paper > Food > Chemical > Others > Petroleum > Metallurgy > Power/Coal Gas> Machine/Electricity > Textile/Dyeing > Machine/Electricity, discharged volume of the first two categories is 76% of the total volume. 3 - 10 r,n. 15. 2001 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 AN Pffmnf tfOIw Futu ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Thi$IAndIs not required lmkSo sudge storage. i / < / B 4 7(i3 - / < ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FinalSeparating Tank-a 0 << ~~~~~Are,Ior do 1blvaisaon v / /a+\nd odl l h" /. N > / OulallUIo old Xl RW*f .N X / goso lppOoely 25 300 aaaY. N wv / Figure3-5 Layoutof ShenyangWwTP, SCALESNTS I LIAO AIVER BASIN PllOJECT (LRBP) ,)1 xR"WI ItT MOE1T iOl LUCRPO Based on UnifiedDesign oIitAi IT . ., corms CA t-- tD~~~~~~~~9 0 As.1nT. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Pae ------Ae o ag al~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 eati r- AelnTno osbeWlclo _~~~~~~~~hsI= T8YPh.. base Unfeein ryo r 0 t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.UWEPhas -e<.a5k11 - -- -r- -. - - INFLUENt Admooosi,a,ion GarageBoe Loacing *,< ., J.. 1.…-gl¼ F.eo A.rglonTar& :k ~Aeration ~Totft ~ ~ ~ ~ ~PurnpingW ~ ~ Fna inlSQ~an Ti r'- o2 Primay Tanksfor po*fijj Soodg.Holding T.nkdi 3 Nirihcaftoo E ------_____ - a Fiig 4xn LU DrislonRP |n. b a ccn odun dSle5 . ..- TAII 390 f.,n Figure3-7 Layoutof JinzhouWwTP!I SCALES II LIn-AO RIVERI BASIN PROJECT (.IBRP) CAD1W0 eOi.OOO AS,O LU C R P O basedupon UniriedDesign D-AWN. | PA5 | 1 _ __. _ r.l .. eMM~F. N 430.Om Station PumpIng PIat C IPhasetiN lW PhaseII , I p); pPhaset INF it&a-P-ta -r-l- -3 --- Final p / Flnal I I AerationTank L 'b : 1. cSeparating i i Sepanaltn ) P1r = osinb TTank / \ Tank / -ICtantirer Daiob itri _111 Tank.,/ ------__- 0 i' I AerationTank ! i- Is P \ - Pha seI t 0- I Phalhasegi1 jJ l1,L]i Tank Tank Houn k ' ., ~. Nitriigcation Sa , L Yingkou WwTP 1OvsonFun o l / < i t | ~~~~~~t ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~PhasesE11 Ph8- i L CaseCPhbases uotntitiedDcaisn ' a Fna Inag Ho. - ----r a-ie SeparatingSeparating Ph s-i-hae----iIWO~ iv. I -JF u t u r e Flow -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hb 1r rem DivisionFkume PFsnuelPhaasla 0: ~~~~~~~epaalnSepartn AerationTankineWoh ank Tak..____ She a RASISAS ... . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Entrance WnrkntropPumping ------Guardhouse ------itrifcation ------tO RV E-A - -, I O-P E T {L B 0 -- Area For a~~~~~~~~~~CrPfgAe Sludge CarPatirlug Area ~~~~~~~~~~~~Trealrnent ->- ~~ f .ll;r^w ..... * _-I Figure3.8 Layoutof YingkouWWTP 51 LE -I LIAO RIVERBASIN PROJECT(LRBP) nR.s ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ L CR Obased upon Unified Design z - Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Repon - Basin Wide 3.3.1.1 Domestic wastewater According to statistics from Water Supply Companies in the four cities, the current state of domestic water demand and water demand projection are in Table 3-14. It can bee seen from Table 3-14 that domestic water demand in the four cities will increase from 1,070,000, 90,000, 92,400 and 60,200 t/a, to 1,217,000, 172,800, 119,200 and 108,500 t/a respectively. Annual average increase rate is 0.59%, 0.33%, 0.11% and 0.19%. The domestic wastewater is determined to be 80% of domestic water supply. The main pollutants of domestic wastewater include CODcr, BOD5, SS, TN, and TP, etc. and shown in Table 3-15 Table3-15 Domesticwastewater and main pollutantsin the four cities City Population Domestic_wastewater Pollutantsdischarge 104 104 Rate CODcr BOD5 SS TN TP 10,000 tonned t/a (%) (tone/a) (t/a) (tia) (t/a) (i/a) Shenyang 120 40 14,600 50 73,548 30,222 25,696 5,840 730 Panjin 23 7 2,555 70 12,958 4,344 3.833 1,002 128 Jinzhou 51 5.2 1,898 52 14,351 3,416 3,416 759 76 Yingkou 22 7 2,555 70 15,768 4.855 7,665 1,022 128 3.3.2 The prediction for water demand 3.3.2.1 The water demand projection Industrial water demand The following factors have been taken into account in water demand projection of industry. I Due to different industrial structure, output, technology, management level and water resource in each city, the unit water demand of industry is different. 2 Following industrial restructuring, process renovation, measures for water conservation and water reuse, the industrial water consumption rate on 10 thousand RMB output basis will fall down every year. 3 According to national economic and social developing plan, the new industries will be capital/technology intensive in future. High and new technology, trade, finance, insurance, and information sector will be developed, the industrial water consumption rate on 10 thousand RMB output basis will fall down. 4 Following the progress and more stringent requirements of Liao River Basin, the industrial water demand will drop. Domestic water demand The domestic water demand includes residential water, public utility water and municipal water consumption. The domestic water demand projection for the project is undertaken based on the water consumption quota provided in Chinese Outdoor Water Supply Standard (GBJ1396-1997), details listed in Table 3- 16. 3-15 Jan. 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table 3-16 Municipalitycomprehensive domestic water consumptionquota Unit: L/c.d. Verylarge city' Large city, Mediumand small citZy City scale (>milion people) (0.5-1 million people) (0.2-0.5 eople) Waterdemand Peak Average Peak Average Peak Average A rea______1 260410 210-340 240-390 190-310 220-370 170-280 2 190-280 150-240 170-260 130-210 150-240 110-180 3 170-270 140-230 150-250 120-250 130-230 100-170 Notes: * 1: Guizhou,Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang,Fujian, Guandong,Guangxi, Hainan, Shanghai, Yunnan, Jiangshu, Anhuiand Chongqing. * 2: Heilongjiang,Jinlin, Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi,Henan, Shandong,Ningxia, Shanxi,Eastemn of InnerMongolia, Eastern of Ganshu. * 3: Xinjiang,Qinghai, Xizhang (Tibet), Westemof Inner Mongolia,Westem of Ganshu. The water demand projection for the four cities is in Table 3-14. Relative increasing rates are in Table 3-17. Table 3-17 Relative increaserates for the four cities Citv Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Ying ou Year Population Industry Population Industry Population Industry Populatio Industry increase - Output increase Output increase Output n increase Output 2000 - 1 7 2 7 0.59 2.3 2.1 10 20 10 ______ 2010 - 0.19 4 1.54 5 0.93 2.4 0.6 6 2025 __ __ _ I______I__ _ I______I__ _ _ I__ __ _ I__ _ J_ 3.3.2.2 Wastewater flow projection 1. Industry wastewater projection Considering the turndown of industrial water demand, the wastewater discharge rate has been deterrnined based on the planning horizon, for short, medium and long term: Shenyang (25%, 22%, 15%), Panjin (30%, 20%, 15%), Jinzhou (55%, 48%, 40%), and Yingkou (60%, 40%, 28%). Industry wastewater flow projections are in Table 3-18. Table 3-18 Industrywastewater projections City Unit Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Term Ui hnagPni izo igo 104 tones/a 14,600 1,095 1,752 1,095 Shortterm 104 tones/a 40 3.0 4.8 3.0 MediumMedium termnterm i10tone/ oes/a 20.075 1.825 2,190 825 (by 2010) 10 tones/a 55 5.0 6.0 5.0 Long term 104 tones/a 21,900 3,650 2,920 3,280 (by 2025) 1 tones/a 60 10 8.0 9.0 3-16 Jan. 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project F, viron,mental lImpact AssessmnentReport - Basini VIde Table 3-15 Current water demand and future water demand projection for five cities Comprehensive Domestic Water Demand = Service Population Industrial Water Deniand = Total Industry Production Value X Water Municipal Water Demand Total X Comprehensive Standard X 103 Consumption Per 104 RMB OutputX (I - Recirculatinig Ratio)/365 MunicialLend e Water (I .Compreh . Total Leakage Total Compreh Total Water Industry municipal rate of municipal Service Comprehensiv esi industry consuption water watr Self-water Municipal water municipal water population e standard water production per 10wyuan recirwulating source wateraeter demand water supply value demand(%water RMB ratio denad)uplysupply 1998 . . 2000 348 307.5 107.0 1,532.5 71.5 75 75.0 32.0 43.0 150.0 10 166.7 Shenyang 2010 384 308.0 118.3 3,014.6 61.7 78 112.1 32.0 80.1 198.0 10 220 2020 2025 395 308.0 121.7 5,429.1 40.8 81 115.3 32.0 83.3 205.0 10 227.8 1998 2000 45.00 200 9.00 188.36 120.00 70 18.58 16.72 1.86 10.86 10 12.07 Panjin 2010 55.00 220 12.10 370.5 90 80 18.27 16.72 1.55 13.65 10 15.17 2020 2025 69.12 250 17.28 770.2 60 85 18.99 16.72 2.27 19.55 10 21.72 1998 52.8 175 9.24 53.75 130 45 10.53 6.32 4.21 13.45 15 15.82 2000 54.3 180 9.77 61.47 120 50 10.10 6.06 4.04 13.81 15 16.25 Jinzhou 2010 55.0 185 10.17 68.45 115 52 10.35 6.62 3.73 15 16.35 (Northem) 2020 58.0 190 11.02 90.11 110 60 10.86 7.04 3.82 14.84 15 17.46 2025 59.6 200 11.92 99.38 100 60 10.89 7.04 3.85 15.77 15 18.55 1998 43.6 130 6.02 85 110 40 15.43 7 8.43 14.45 15 17 2000 46.3 135 6.25 103 102.7 40 17.39 7 10.39 16.64 15 19.57 Yingkou 2010 52 170 8.84 267 80 60 23.41 8 15.41 24.25 15 28.5 2020 55.7 180 10.23 525 70 70 30.21 8 22.21 32.44 IS 38.1 _.______2025 57.1 190 10.85 670 60 72 30.24 8 22.24 33.09 IS 38.9 3-17 .an /15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide * Domestic wastewater projection Together with urban development and life quality increase, domestic water demand will grow. According to average domestic water demand in China and comparable foreign countries, as well as city master plan, 80% of domestic water supply will become wastewater. The projected wastewater discharge are given in Table 3-19. Table3-19 Domesticwastewater projection City Unit Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Term (Southern, and (Xinglongtai (Northem) Westemn) district) ______Short Population(107 persons) 120.0 23.0 52.8 46.3 term Wastewater(104 tones/d) 40.0 7.0 5.2 7.0 Medium Population(104 persons) 145.0 34.0 55.0 52.0 (by 2010) Wastewater(l0tones/d) 55.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 Long terrn Population(104 persons) 200.0130.0 46.0 59.6 57.1 (by 2025) Wastewater(104 tones/d) 12.0 7.0 11.0 According to industry wastewater projection in Table 3-18 and domestic wastewater projection :in Table 3-19, total wastewater projection for four cities have been summerized and listed in Table 3-20. Table 3-20 Total wastewaterprojection for five cities in project City Unit Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou 2Term \ | . | | (Xinlongtaidistrict) (Northern) Short term (104 tonesld) | 10 10 10 Medium terrn Wastewater 110 13 13 13 (by 2010) (104tones/d) 110 13_13 Long termn Wastewater (by 2025) (104tones/d) 130 22 20 20 3.3.3 Determination of influent characters and effluent limit for wastewater treatment plant According to planned water quality value in the Hun-Tai River Basin Study Report, and the monitored results of the four cities, referencing other cities in China, based on the predicted wastewater flow, the influent characters and effluent limit have been determined as in Table 3-21. Table3-21 Influentcharacters and effluent limit for the four cities City Type CODcr BODs SS NH3-N P Shenyang Influent 482 207 176 40 5 (80x104 tones/d) Effluent 100 30 30 25 1 % Removal 79 86 83 27 80 Panjin Influent 350 170 150 40 5 4 (IOx10 tones/d) Effluent 100 30 30 25 1 % Removal l 71 82 80 27 80 Jinzhou Influent 390 180 180 40 4 (IOXI04 tones/d) Effluent 100 20 20 25 1 % Removal 69 89 89 27 75 Yingkou Influent 430 300 300 40 4 3 - 19 JazL. .15j2f Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentalIm,pact Assessment Report - Basin Wide City Type CODcr BOD5 SS P 4 (10x10 tones/d) Effluent 100 30 30 25 _ % Removal 77 90 90 27 75 Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standard (GBJ8978-1996) for Secondary 120 30 30 25 I Municipal WwTP . Wastewaterand Odor DischargeStandard for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant 100 - - - - (CJ3095-93) for Secondary Municipal WwTP The Table 3-21 shows that the five major pollutants in effluent from the four wastewater treatment plants will meet the requirements in Wastewater Comprehensive Discharge Standard (GBJ8978-1996) and Wastewater and Odor Discharge Standard for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (CJ3095-93) for secondary municipal WwTP respectively. 3.4 Pollutionnfactor analysis and pollutionload projection 3.4.1 Wastewater The project is the first phase ever taken in Liaoning to meet the overall objective to clean up Liao River Bain defined in the Liao River Control Plan. The pollution load will be largely reduced when the Works completed, the water quality within Liao River basin will be improved greatly. According to design capacity of wastewater treatment plants of the four cities, pollution load of wastewater treatment plant are calculated out in Table 3-22. Table3-22 Pollutionload of wastewatertreatment plants Unit: tid City Capacity Categorv CODcr BODs SS TN TP Shenyang Short term Influent 385.6 165.6 140.8 32 4 (80x104 tones/d) Effluent 96.0 24 24 20 0.8 Long term Influent 626.6 269.1 228.8 52 8.5 (130x104 tones/d) Effluent 156 39 39 32.5 1.3 Panjin Short term Influent 35 17 15 4 0.5 (I 0x 104 tones/d) Effluent 12 3 3 2.5 0.1 Long term Infuent 77 37.4 33 8.8 1.1 _(22x104 tones/d) Effluent 26.4 6.6 6.6 5.5 0.22 Jinzhou Short term Influent 39 18 18 4 0.4 (10x104 tones/d) Effluent 10 2 2 2.5 0.1 Long term Influent 78 36 36 8 0.8 (20x104 tones/d) Effluent 20 4 4 5 0.2 Yingkou Short term Influent 43 19 30 4 0.4 (I0x104 tones/d) Effluent 12 3 3 2.5 0.1 Long term Influent 86 38 60 8 0.8 (20x 104 tones/d) Effluent 24 6 6 5.0 0.2 3.4.2 Odor and dust 3.4.2.1 Odor The odor which is determined to be one of the environmental concern during the operation phase comes from aeration tank, clarifier, sludge thickening tank, sludge digestion tank and sludge dewatering chamber, etc. There are many kinds of odors in wastewater treatment plant, NH3 , H2S, trine-methylamine, sulphur-methyl alcoholic and sulphur-methylether, etc. 3 -20 Jw 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin H'2de Intensity of odor source prediction has been made with reference of the monitoring data at Tianjin Jizhuangzi wastewater treatment plant and Taiyuan Yangjiapu wastewater treatment plant, and based on natural conditions of four cities, together with wastewater treatment process. Intensity of odor source has also been calculated by formula defined in the guideline HJ/T2.3-2.4-93. The data are in Table 3-23. Table2-23 Intensityof odor source from wastewatertreatment plants Ciy Emission N HSTrine- Sulphur- Sulphur- City raeraS NN,3 methylamine methyl methyl ether ______alcoho lic ______Shenyang Kg/h 0.9 0.023 0.035 0.0035 0.023 Mg/s 185.72 6.40 9.60 0.961 6.41 Panjin Kg/h 0.208 0.007 0.009 0.0009 0.0081 Mg/s 57.69 1.93 2.56 0.231 2.25 Jinzhou Kg/h 0.208 0.007 0.009 0.0009 0.0081 Mg/s 57.69 1.93 2.56 0.231 2.25 Yingkou Kg/h 0.209 0.008 0.0089 0.0009 0.0082 Mg/s 58.06 2.22 2.47 0.25 2.28 3.4.2.2 Dust from boiler The boilers to be used in the four WwTP is for heating in winter, which will cause flue gas emission containing dust and SO2 . The coal for combustion and pollution control measure is summarized in Table 3-24. Table 3-24 Coal and pollutant discha rge City Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Item Boiler (t/h) 4x2 2 2 2 Coal consumption 1720 360 360 360 (kg/h) _ Coal type Mixture Mixture Beipiao Fushun l Dustcontent (%) 27 <30 20 20 P content(%) 0.8 <1 0.5 0.9 Height of chimney (m) 35 30 30 25 Dust trap P removal trap P removal trap P removal trap P removal trap Dust removal rate (%) 95 93 96 96 Dust before control 3840 2703 4237 4126 (mg/lm) Dust after control 192 189 198 198 3 (mg/m ) S02 before control 917 575.20 678 1312 3 (mg/m ) S02 after control 275 575.20 678 656 3 (mg/mi ) _ Category II Standard 200 for dust 900 for SO2 (GWPB3- 1999) (mg/ml) 3.4.3 Sludge Detailed analysis for sludge see Chapter 10-Sludge Disposal. 3 - 21 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wtde 3.4.4 Noise Noise mainly comes from equipment in wastewater treatment plant and pumping station of conveyance system, especially air blowers and pumps. According to noise test result from Shenyang northem wastewater treatment plant, assuming distance from equipment to testing point is Im, predicted noise level are listed in Table 3-25. Table3-25 Noiselevel during operation Unit:Leq dB(A) No. Main equipment dB No. Main equipment dB 1 Raw wastewaterlifting pumps 95 5 equipdgentg 85 2 Air blowers (degrittingtank) 115 6 Air compressor 92 3 Air blowers(aeration tank) 95 7 Scraper 90 4 Sludge lifting pumps 92 8 Medium lifting pump 90 3.5 Identificationof EnvironmentImpact and Selectionof AssessmentFactors 3.5.1 Identification of Environment Impact Identification of environment impact includes two phases: construction and operation. 3.5.1.1 Construction phase During construction, initially there are land acquisition, demolition and resettlement (only in Shenyang). The follow-up main construction activities involve site cleaning, tree cutting, road excavation, spoil transportation and disposal, road blocking, pipe laying, and construction of pumping stations and wastewater treatment plant, etc. These activities will affect the local social, ecological and natural environment to different extent. 3.5.1.2 Operation phase During operation, the environmental impacts, both positive and negative, have been identified as follows: Positive impact: treated effluent will improve Liao River Basin water body (including positive impact to Bohai Bay in Yingkou, and Shuangtaizi river-mouth wetland in Panjin); water quality improvement at each river section and Liao River basin. Negative impact: Sludge, noise and odor from wastewater treatment plants. Identification of impact in each phase is given in Figure 3-9, and parameters in Table 2-26. Table 2-26 EnvironmentImpact Parameters Environmentactions Environmentimpact parameter Environmentimpact Positive Negative Air (constructiondust, odor etc.) Environmentquality Water quality of each section river +3 within Liao River basin Watercourseof LiaodongBay and +2 Bohai Bay Groundwaterand water quality +2 Ecologyenvironment +2 3 -22 Ltao River Basin Project Environmental lmpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Environmentactions Environmentimpact parameter Environmentimpact Positive Negative Acoustic environment _ -1 Sludge and solid waste -2 Investment environment and +2 Social environment region development Land acquisition -1 Resettlement -I Traffic (-I) Tourismresource +2 Economicenvironment Employment +2 Tax ~~~~~~~~~+1 Region income -_ Notes: "+ meanspositive effect, "-" meansnegative effect, ( ) meansshort term effect. I - mninoreffect; 2 - Mediumeffect; 3 - Largeeffect. Table 3-26 shows that main environment impact factors of proposed works are those by construction activities on social environment, operation phase on water environment, and sludge on both water anc air environment. (1) Construction phase Construction activities, such as site cleaning, road and farmland excavation, pipe laying, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plant construction, will affect social environment by: - Land acquisition - House demolition * Wind blown dust, spoil and noise * Natural and ecological system change (2) Operation phase Main impacts on environment during operation period are as follows: * Treated effluent discharged into receiving watercourse, water environment within Liao River basin will be improved. * The water quality of Liao River river, fishery and water organism will be improved *Groundwaterwill be improved If sludge from wastewater treatment plant is not disposed of properly, it will lead to enormous negative effect * Odor from wastewater treatment plant is a negative impact on air environment, and * Noise during operation is a negative impact on environment. 3.5.2 Selection of environment assessment factors According to coherent features of the proposed works, assessment factors have been determined and listed in Table 3-27 below. 3 -23 Janj -15.ZOO LisaoRiver Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table3-27 Environmentassessment factors Environmentalfactor Water Air Solid Waste Noise Social NH3, H2S, trine- (1)Current methylamine, Heavy metal environment pH, CODcr, sulphur- at bottom of assessment BOD5, etc. methyl existing * Land, alcoholic, su outfalls P Work, Iphur-methyl boundry and * Resident Assessment ether. Acoustic s, factors NH3, H2S, noise * Resource trine- Lep[dB(A)] methylamine, Heavy metal L Planting, (2)Impact CODcr,BOD5 sulphur- in sludge of * Building assessment SS, TN, TP methyl WwTP alcoholic, su Iphur-methyl _ ether. 3 - 24 jafl 15.2001j Protect water resource -Improve water quality ' within Liao River basin -Land acquisition -Temporary land acquisition Improve urban landscape. - Infrastructureresettlement and environment - Architecture demolition Natural ecological system Labor arrangement change SVcialenvironmen -Farmiand acquisition -Protect water quality within impact and compensation Liaodong Bay and ohai Bay -Plant destroy -Protect wet land of Traffic close Shuangtaizi river-mouth Project preparing oCnstn,ctionperiod Operation period - Duist,sludge - Dust Sludge impact - Noise - Waste gas of -Odor impact Environment impa6t construction equipment -Noise impact quality Noise and vibration of' equipment -Domestic wastewater a and solid waste Excess soil ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Figurc:3-j The projcct environment impact identification diagram Liao River Basin Project Environmental ImpactAssessmentReport- Basin Wide 4. Analysis of Alternatives 4.1 Options and Comparisons Based on feasibilitystudy reports for the four WwTPs,assessment also has been conducted on alternativecomparison in terns of environmentalcriteria, which include: 1) Options on interceptorsand pumpingstations layout; 2) WwTPsites and outfalls location; 3) Treatmentprocess options; 4) Sludgedisposal options. 4.1.1 Optionson interceptorsand pumpingstations layout Comparisonon options for interceptorsand pumpingstations layout are detailed in Table 4-1 below. Table4-1 Comparisonon optionsfor interceptorsand pumpingstations layout in the four cities Option Description Advantages Disadvantages Shenyang * Upgrading of new * Improve northem area sewers * Investment is about Option I northern area sewer * Intercepting all sewerage flow in RMB 435 million, (preferred) * Upgrading of PS and westem area (5 million t/d) which is 74 million sewer in Chongshan area * Convey 3 million t/d sewerage flow higher than that of * Upgrading of PS and from southem area option 2. sewer in Lingkong area . Mitigate leakage of sewer and * Construction of sewer in subsequent pollution Xihe area . More efficiently distribute and * Upgrading of PS and convey sewer flow sewer in Wuai area * Convert open channel into covered culvert will improve the environment Shenyang * Upgrading of new . Total investment is 361 million * Part of sewer work in Option 2 northern area sewer RMB northem area could not * Upgrading of PS and * Save 74 million RMB as compared be improved sewer in Chongshan area with option I * Sewer flow in southem * Upgrading of PS and area not dealt with sewer in Lingkong area * Open channel not changed and will affect the environment Panjin *Build trunk pipeline along *Current sewerage flow in * Investment is higher Option I south side of Pangxie Xinglongtai District will be totally than that of Option 2 (preferred) ditch for interception treated * Crossing river is . 12 linking sewers crossing *New PSs are not in urban area and technically difficult Pangxie ditch to convey cause little noise problem * Destroy vegetation on sewer from northern area .Flow in Pangxie ditch will become south bank of the ditch *Intermittent PS conveys clear the flow to WwTP. .Pangxie ditch will be converted to be of public belt park due to clean water. Panjin *Build trunk culvert in the *Cost for crossing Pangxie ditch *Totally destroy the ditch Option 2 Pangxie ditch avoided *Only one river which *Intercept sewerage and *Convert Pangxie ditch into box would be improved for storm rain water from culvert, avoiding its bad impact to landscaping in the city Xinglongtai District, and the environment will distinguish convey the wastewater to *Size cross section of WwTP. culvert is so big that will lead to sludge deposited during low 4-______I____Jan____IS.__200flow 4 - I Jan U.lQ200 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Option Description Advantages Disadvantages Jinzhou *Build an interceptor along *Save cost, as compared with option *River crossing is Option I southem side of Xiaoling 2 technically difficult (preferred) river to intercept the *Gravity flow, no PS needed current 5 outfalls at *Little farmland acquisition northern side of the river *The untreated wastewater will not be *The interceptor will cross discharged into Xiaoling River any the river to proposed more Dishuihu WwTP *Water quality in Xiaoling River will apparently improve IitnzhouOpti * Build interceptor along * River crossing is unnecessary * Interceptor is 3.6 km on 2 northern side of Xiaoling * Gravity flow, no PS needed longer than that in river to intercept the option 1. Investment is current 5 outfalls at higher northem side of the river . Acquire more farmland to proposed Xiaoshanzi than option 1, affect WwTP more vegetation Yingkou *Upgrade exiting sewer *Layout of sewer network is .Total cost is 7.45 million Option I system, build interceptor reasonable RMB higher than that of (preferred) under Liaohe street *Eliminate the problem such as option 2 *Build new separate sewer clogging, narrow and low capacity system in new urban area, of the existing sewer with storm rain water -Improve environment by converting discharged into river and the open ditch into covered ditch sewerage into the *AII of the interceptors will be interceptor constructed this time, reserving -Improve Gangjian, room for future Shachang, Xichao ditches &PS construction Yingkou oUpgrade northern sewer * Reduce pipe network, saving cost . Construction will be in Option 2 network, convey part of by 7.45 million RMB, as compared 2 stages sewerage into future NE with option I * Separate collection WwTP * Improve environment by system will not *Upgrade southern sewer converting the open ditch into thoroughly remove network, convey part of covered ditch drainage problems sewerage into future * Longer time of impact WwTP will be brought by the phased implementation 4.2 Options for WwTP site and Outfalls Location Comparisons on options for WwTP site and outfall location are detailed in Table 4-4 below. Table 4-2 Comparison on options for WwTP site and outfall location in the four cities Option Description Advantages Disadvantages Shenyang . WwTP locates in Xiaoyu * Far from Hada motorway compared . Flooding may pose Option I village covering 0.55 with option I certain threat to the plant (preferred) million m2, 7 km from * No need to change Hun river because it adjacent to the downtown embankment river bank * Outfall at east bank of * Land acquisition cost is lower due * Compensation fee would Xi river to the farming pattem on the land to be paid to the PAP be acquired is of low-value added * It is likely that the eco- * Xiaoyu village is upstream of system will be impacted prevailing wind, odor impact is little * Effluent will be discharged direct into Xi River which will bring positive impact due to there is no natural flow in Xi River 4 - 2 Jan 75. 2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentaJlmpactAssessmentReport - Basin Wide Option Description Advantages Disadvantages Shenyang *WwTP locates in *Near urbanarea, pipeline cost is *Hun river bank is within Option2 Yuliangpuvillage, lower the plant boundarywhich Yuhong district,6 km *Yuliangpuvillage is to the west of need be reconstructed from downtown the site, not in the prevailingwind, elsewhere,incurred cost .Outfall at east bank of Xi odor impact is small is 3 millionRMB river *Floodingmay endanger the works *Land acquisitioncost is much higher because the land is full of high-value added agriculturalshed for herbs planting,land acquisitionhere will mean a lossof better livelihoodto the villagers Panjin *WwTP locates in Xiyue * Complywith the Master Plan,with * Far away from urban area Option I village, downstreamof possibilityof future extension than Option2 (preferred) Pangxie ditch, 8 km * Effluentcould be dischargedat * Sewer networkis 6.7 km from the downtown, gravity due to higher elevation longer than that of option footprint covering 10 * Not in the prevailing wind,odor 2, cost higher hector impact small *Outfallat Pangxieditch, * Sufficientspace for proper buffer 100 meters north of zone installation WwTP * I km from sludgedisposal site, sludgetransportation will not pass urban area Panjin *WwTP locates at the *Near urban area *At upstreamof urban Option 2 connectionpoint of *Costwill be savedthan option I by sewer network Yangjiatrunk sewer shorter sewer *Not complywith Master with Pangxie ditch, 3 km Plan,no possibilityfor from the down town, futureextension footprintcovering 6 *Needto constructmore hector PS, causingmore noise *Outfall at Pangxie ditch, eSurroundedby more 2 km north of WwTP villages,most are 200 meters fromthe plant in the prevailingwind, odor likely to affectresidents *Sludgetransportation will pass urban area,haul distance is 13km Jinzhou *WwTP locates at * Downstreamend of urban sewer * River crossingis Option I Dishuihuvillage, 5km network technicallydifficult from urban center, * Effluentcould be dischargedat * Excavationquantities are covering 10 hector gravity due to higher elevation,no 800,000m 3 *Outfall at XiaolingRiver, outlet PS needed 800 meters north of * Near XiaolingRiver, outlet WwTP pipeline is short * Neighboringvillages is not in the prevailingwind, odor impact is small * 91% of land to be used is wasteland,slight impactto the livelihoodof villagers Jinzhou *WwTP locates at *Earth excavationwork is small due *Need one interimPS Option2 Xiaoshanzivillage, 8.6 to flat terrain *Additionalsewer at 3.6 km from urban center, *Far away from villages,odor impact km longneeded than covering 10 hector is small option 1, costing 12.44 *Outfallat XiaolingRiver, *Site land is wasteland,no impact to millionRMB I km south of WwTP - the livelihoodof villager *In the flood spill area of the river, fonified embankmentneed to be constructed,costing 1.6 I millionRMB 4 - 3 Jan I5 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmentl Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Option Description Advantages Disadvantages *Longeroutlet pipeline Yingkou * WwTP locatesat * No village, residentblocks around * Effluent will affect Option I Xipaotai,3.4 kan from WwTP,no odor, noise impact to the shrimppan and salt farm (preferred) urban center,covering people at the estuary of Daliao 14.4 hector * Downstreamend of urban sewer River * Outfallat Daliao River, network * The outfall selection is 800 meters west of * Downstreamof water intake site, not proper WwTP little impacton water supply Yingkou * WwTP locates at * Effluentwill not affect shrimp pan * Pipe work length is Option 2 Xipaotai,3 km from and salt farm at the estuary of longer,and cost urban center, covering Daliao River increased. 14.4 hector * Some sensitiveproblems will be * Outfall at Daliao River, avoidedalthough it is a bit further 400 meters NE of than option I WwTP I__ 4.3 Options of Treatment Process 4.3.1 Options for Treatment Process * Options for treatment process are based on property of sewerage influent, proportion of domestic and industrial sewerage, treatability, effluent limit, sludge treatment process, etc. * Analysis on influent of the WwTPs in the four cities has been done and results are listed in Table 4-3 below. Table 4-3 Analysison SewerInfluent of WwTPs in 4 cities Citv Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Sewerage Municipalsewer Municipalsewer Municipalsewer Municipalsewer Domestic 50 70 52 70 Industrial 50 30 48 30 sewerage BOD/COD 43 48 46 44 Meet treatmnent Yes Yes Yes Yes requirements _ * The option comparison for treatment process Proposals on treatment process and options were made according to the general target for Liao River basin pollution control, those are CODcr < 120 mg/I, BOD5 < 30 mg/I, SS < 30 mg/t, TN < 25 mg/I, TP < I mg/l. Two options were proposed for WwTP for 4 cities, those are: * Option 1 - Conventional activated sludge bio-chemical treatmnentprocess; * Option 2 - UNITANK process. 4.3.2 Description of the Process Conventional activated sludge bio-chemical treatmentprocess 4-4-4Jan 5 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide- Conventionalactivated sludge process has long a history of application worldwide. It uses microorganismto decomposeorganic matters in sewerage. The process is: influent - coarse screen - inlet pump - fine screen - degrittor - PST - Bio-reactor - FST. The sludge will be thickened and dewatered,and sludge cakes will be disposed to landfill. It can remove COD by more than 80%, BOD by 90 - 95%, SS by 90 - 95%, N by 30 - 50% and P by 80%. Refer to Fig. 4-1 for process diagram. UNITANKprocess UNITANK is similar to the conventionalactivated sludge process in primary treatment of sewer and sludge treatment. There are no surplus sludge pumps installed in bio-reactorsfor UNITANKprocess, which has many rectangularcells. Settlementtanks and return sludge system are unnecessary.Refer to Figure 4-2 for process diagram. Figure 4-2 Process flow diagram for UNITANK wastewater treatment scheme Blower house Municp arXlwn cSludge Ps |Crusher Cnse ;t Gn;; I. I ~~scparator Thcenn | _s r r r t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ank 1 [Residues 1 IGnt transpon | | | | transpont r t l aSporg 4 - 5 JIan.5L2001 A.Rd AaE,.d S&g (RAS) 11LOWAS ULDINO t. PEAK |3AVRG a SU.aO.FTe kV$ F LOW ls.OPEAK90,0t 90 Dlpo.1iaom8IvPA MtFO RI3W tIfAG AVERAGE Gft DlV.. OSSBOE 32tU0 | IIl eI- _.FTRESDC+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P91L| FM* ~.,*,, AERATEO)GRIIT iL- *- L _J l ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CHANNELSL ----- S TANK | PEAK IAVERAGE I REAERATKS O_ w Fbw W~~~~~~~~~Lu- Gr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I LI/a ar SEWVER_ _ INLET STORM REFASATWOP a OVERFLOW 0I5IR,~PUMPING6US7TaK OSa~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IAAE C"ns o I PEAKI AVERAGEI RSU 000 s~~~~~~~~E 1S lW0 lRAS RAS/ As I 2 1 | 5402 1 |~~~~~~~"'ikdQ. ; | PUMPUIG i SlAllONTIO i | PtAR 2 AVER^GEST j | | {-. EMA rT~~~~~~~OR9 so LWMASREUEBT n| FINE | A ESEMR0l FNL*U.tT i g ~~~~~~~~~~~RECEM I_ItAORIVER BASIN PROJE CT (t FIP) SCoIINNenz9_~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ w-_ _ica I s^o Rs ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Tp 1tDtlwiln In | , t F #~LUCR$PO Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 4.3.3 Comparison between the two Options Technical and economic comparisons between the conventional activated sludge and LUNITANKprocess are listed in Table 4-4 below. Table44 Comparisonbetween Treatment Process Options Index ConventionalActivated Sludge Process UNITANK Process Long history,simple, meet requirements Advanced,meet requirements COD COD< 120 mg/l COD< 120 mg/l BOD BOD < 20 mg/I BOD< 30 mg/I SS SS < 25 mg/l SS:<30 mgl TN TN<30-50% TN<60% PN TP < 50% TP < 80% load Very good Good Surplus A little Little sludge Suitability Industrialand municipalsewer Industrialand municipalsewer Operation Can be computerized Can be computenzed Power (kW) 1900 2200 Land requirement 8.5 7.3 (hector) Investment (RMB 191 208 million) Operation cost 0.64 0.65 (Y/m3 sewer) Staff 87 76 * Stable operation and consistent effluent * High tech level, strong capacity quality, successful achievement at large against shockingload, and N, P scale worldwide removal Advantage * Sludge is stable * Small footprint * Strong capacityagainst shocking load * Operationat consistentwater level * Low cost of O&M * Could be computerizedfor * Could be computerizedfor management management * It is a proprietaryprocess * Short life of fine diffuser * Less evidence to prove its operation Disadvantage * Noise of air blower at large scale * A bit low capacityfor N and P removal * Large investmentboth in .______construction______and operation It can be seen from above table that the conventional activated sludge process is technically and economically viable which has been proven worldwide for many years. Based on the experience of operation in harsh climate and the uniform process design prepared by DRA Consultant, the conventional activated sludge process is recommended for this project. In addition, UNITANK is a patented process and proprietary to a company, which developed it. As a result, UNITANK process would not allow an international competitive bid in the tendering process intended during project implementation. 4 - 7 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin K*le Comparison * Capacity:80m 3/d will be extended.It's reasonable be done as soonas the * Service life: 3years in economicterm. fund is in place. * Hauling distance: 2 km * There are no residentialareas * Because the site will * Hauling route: villageroad * The hauling distanceis short. be built in loose land, * The haulingroute won't pass the requirementon phase two: urban area lininglayer * Extensionof the existing constructionis much facility higher. * Footprint:29389m 2 * Service life: 20 years *The agreement with the solid waste facility see appendix 4.5 Brief Summation & Analysis of Alternative Comparison Altemative comparison on several aspects, including the alignment of interceptor and layout of pumping stations, the site of WwTP and outfalls, the wastewater treatment process, sludge disposal and the site of sludge disposal, the following conclusions have been reached: 4.5.1 The Option & Determination of Interceptor's Alignment and Pumping Stations' Layout * Table 4-6 presents: in the four cities, on municipal wastewater interceptor's alignment and pumping stations' layout, every city prefers the Altemative I (preferred). The advantages are: Through the improvement of pipelines and pumping stations, the problems of network blocking will be solved and the pipeline alignment will be much more reasonable. * All interceptors necessary will be built in this project and the problem of municipal drainage will be solved thoroughly. * The drainage open canal will be reconstructed as culvert box that can solve the problems of wastewater overflowing and odor, improve the landscape of city and people's living condition. * Some of the construction cost for pipelines and pumping station will be saved, e.g. Jinzhou City, because of the gravity flow, it's not necessary to build pumping station. 4.5.2 The Option & Determination of WwTP's site and Outfalls Table4-4 presents: in the four cities, on WwTP's site and outfalls, every city prefers the Altemative 1 (recommended). The advantages are: * The WwTP and outfalls will be constructed at the downstream end of the municipal sewer system, the down stream of the receiving watercourse. So the aquifer of the city won't be affected. * The WwTP will be built in suburbs where there are few sensitive environmental points. And few cultivated land areas will be involved. During the operation period, the odor and noise won't affect nearby residents. * The elevation of the site of WwTP and outfalls is high. The WwTP and outfalls are close to the receiving watercourse. It's good for discharging of wastewater at gravity. 4-10 Janl5. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin WIde However, there is a problem in the Alternative I for Yingkou City. If the outfalls are built near the mouth of the river, the effluent discharged directly into the river mouth will pollute the prawn pools and salt farm. In Alternative 2, the site of the WwTP and outfalls move further to the northeast part which can avoid this problem, but the cost too higher to be acceptable by the construction agency. So if Altemative I is chosen, the pumping station should be built at prawn pools and salt farm. When tide comes, clean sea water will be pumped into prawn pools and salt farm; when tide ebbs, the sea water will flow away. The impact of wastewater will be avoided. 4.5.3 The Option & Determination of Wastewater Treatment Process In this engineering, there are two kinds of wastewater treatment processes that can be chosen: Traditional Activate Sludge process and UNITANK. After comparison, all WwTPs in 4 cities has chosen Traditional Activate Sludge Process. The advantages are following: * This process is very popular and has been adopted by many countries. It's a proven technology and has been widely used for a long time. A mature management experience on this process has been formed. * The treatment effectiveness is stable and effluent quality is consistently good. CODcr•l00mg/l, BODs5 20mg/l, SSS25mg/l. Although the effectiveness of the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is not perfect, nitrogen still can be removed by 30-50% and phosphorus can be removed by 80%. • The activated sludge is stable. The sludge return ratio can reach more than 70%. * It has strong capacity against shock load * It's process automation. It's controlled by computer and easily managed. * The investment and operation cost are reasonable. 4.5.4 The Determination of Sludge disposal and Site Based on the real situation of each WwTP's sludge condition, the sludge transportation should be: the transportation route can not go through concentrated residential areas; the distance should be short and cost should be low. Based on these requirements, the options of sludge disposal and its site are following: * The sludge disposal of Shenyang City is landfill combined with composting since Laohuchong solid waste disposal facility has not enough capacity to accept all of the sludge. Its service life is long. The related measurements on filtration prevention have been taken. * The sludge disposal of Panjin City is composting. Because the level of ground water in this city is high. It's not viable to build a landfill site. Sludge incineration would arouse public environmental concern about the flue gas and the operation cost is staggering. There is a potential market for sludge compost using as soil conditioner to improve the vast saline land . * The sludge disposal of Jinzhou City is the combination of landfill and composting. The existing Nanshan solid waste disposal site is capable of accepting and handling the sludge from WwTP. The sludge disposal has been considered in the design of the solid waste disposal site. 4- 11 n 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide The sludge disposal of Yingkou City is landfill. Because of fund shortage, a temporary landfill site, which can be used for 3 years, will be built in the north of WwTP. In future, it will be expanded in order to satisfy the need of WwTP. 4 - 12 Jan 15,.2001 5 Current water environment condition and impact assessment 5.1 Current surface water environment quality and impact assessment 5.1.1 Monitoringon surfacewater environmentquality and assessment 5.1.1.1 Monitoringscope and location Based on the project geographical area, the following locations have been identified for surface water environment quality monitoring and assessment: Shenyang section of Hun River and its branch, Xi River; ShuangtaiziRiver and Xiaoling River receiving sections for the dischargesfrom Panjin and Jinzhou respectively;and Daliao River receiving section for the dischargefrom Yingkou. A total of 16 monitoringpoints has been decidedacross the area above to determinethe river water quality before the project (see river sectiondiagram 1- 4). Table 5-1 gives the details of surface water monitoringscope and points. Table 5-1 Surface water environment quality monitoring s ope and point location Monitoring Monitoringcross No. Location Remark river section Downstreamof Shenyang A branchof HunRiver, will 1. Xi River XiaoyucunBridge outfall receivedischarge from outfall ~~ShenyangWwTP 2. HunRivYujiafang Bridge, Downstream of Xi River, Waterquality control cross 2. HunRiver Liaozhong crosssection on cityborder sectionfor Shenyang Shuangtaizi Startingcross section in Panjin, 3. River Rivergate Upstreamof the Panjinoutfall for comparison .. Downstreamof the proposed A branchof ShuangtaiziRiver, 4. PangxieDitch PangxieDitch outfalland Rivergate willreceive discharge from the Panjin project Shuangtaizi Downstreamof Panjinoutfall qlityFlows intocnto Liaodong ross sac,ti Bay, water r 5. River ZhaoquanRiver andShuangtaizi River quaity controlcross section for DownstreamDownstream~ of XaoXiaoling n Cityborder cross section, for 6. XiaolingRiver Hejiaxinzi River, upstreamof Jinzhou comparison outfall cmaio 7 X.aoinRiveEast of Baigu InJinzhou city, downstream Downstream of theexisting 7.Xlaohng RlveRiver of Jinzhououtfall outfallof Jinzhou 8. .XiaolingRiver Qushou 2 kmdownstream of east Downstreamof Jinzhou 8. XiaolingRiver Qushou crosssection of BaiguRiver proposedoutfall 9. XiaolingRiver Xishulin Down stream of JinzhouFlows into Bohai Sea, water section,13 km fromupstream quality control cross section crosssection 10. DaliaoRiver Weijiatang Upstreamof DaliaoRiver City border cross section o Daliao River 11. DaliaoRiver Heiyingtai Upstream of YingkouIn Yingkou city, comparative proposedoutfall crosssection 12. DaliaoRiver Yongyuanjiao Downstreamof DaliaoRiver Flows into Liaodong Bay, water and Yingkouproposed outfall qualityimpact and controlcross ______sectionfor Yingkou 5- I Jan.15. 2001 ano~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~t 200 1.i1R. I (C)~' i°°~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~000,I {Al l g0 . ,'~~~~~~~~~~~~o'd'' '''",- A 50 f 300~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~100 0 600 500 400 300 200 Chalnage (Km) Flow ModelledCOD concentrellonat 60%11eFlow -Modelled CODconcentration at 90%1leFlow - ModelledCOD concentratlonat 75%09 * MeasuredCOD - 1998 * MeasuredCOD -1994 * MeasuredCOD O 1995 MeasuredCOOD 1 - clasaIVCOD(40rmgn) 0'1 X MeesuredCOD. 1997 * or. (D , D.r'S :...... :. 1p:~U. O~~~~~~~~ .. h us 2 . - .. . _ - _] . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~25.0) f' FushunCity Ylnglou- .ua & D.ngta. Ot[gya_g_91 Anahan 93 :lngkou 200 8 ongchanglng n _an Angang#2 o Nanfon& BeltalC anaga(km) Renal Llsoyang tiatcheng~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 -U-l------_ ;'i'- - I 4' 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Chalnage (kin) - Modelled CODconcentration at gO0otteFlow - Modelled CODconcOntratlon at 75%lle Flow - ModelledCOD concerdration at 500'Alle Flow * MeasuredCOD - 1994 a MeasuredCOD . 1995 A MeasuredCOD - 1998 E MeasuredCOD - 1997 * MeasuredCOD- 1998 COD Class V frmn(40mgIl) I M A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Shenynyang Note: TheUpper Hun FushunCounty t- 150 Rilverflows Into DahuofangReservoir wherethe outflw Is 0 Ps regulatedat ch'a'iCnhage uumt 247km. 00 o rs~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Chalnage(kin) -Modelled COD concentratlonatf90%lle Flow -Modelled COD concerdratlon,at 75%lleFloyw -Modelled COD concerntrelloniat 50%lIeFlow 0 MeasuredCOD -1994 U MeasuredCOD.- 1995 A MessuredCOD- 1990 aq )K MeasuredCOD - 1997 * MeasuredCOD - 1998 - -COD ClasseVllmIt(40Omg~l) -5l w3 Liao River Basin Project Environment ImpactAssessmentReport-Basin Wide 5.1.1.2 Timing and frequency of monitoring The specific timing and frequency for monitoring has been determined in Table 5-2 based on the EA schedule for each project city. Table 5-2 Timing and frequencyfor surfacewater monitoring _ Project RIRegistered No. o ed No.vof Timingand Frequencyof Monitoring __ City Cross Section Xi River Three consecutive days from April 10-13, LShenyang Hun River 2000; each time for per day 2. Panjin Shuangtaizi 3#,4#,5# Three consecutive days from April 16-18, River . . 1999; each time for per day Three consecutive days from April 11-13, al Jinzhou Xiaoling River 6#, 7#, 8#, 9# .______2000; each timefor per day HaichengRiver Three consecutive days from Aug. 9-18, 4. Haicheng 10#, l1# 12#, 13# Wudao River ,_ ._, _1998; each time for per day Three consecutive days from Sept. 13-17, a Yingkou Daliao River 14#, 15#, 16# 12000:each timefor per day 5.1.1.3 Monitoring items and analysis methodology Seven items including CODcr, BOD5 and Oil have been identified for monitoring based on the nature, feature and wastewater constituents of the project. The analysis methodology is consistent with corresponding methods set in national standards. Details see Table 5-3. Table 5-3 Items for surfacewater environmentquality monitoring and analysismethod Bottomline limit Nr. Items Analysismethod mg/1 Standard 1. pH Glass electrolysis GB6920-86 2. CODr _5 GB 11914-89 3. BODs Dilutionand incubation 2 GB7488-87 4. DO 0.2 GB7489-89 5. Oil Infraredspectrum 0.01 GB/T16488-1996 6. Ammonia-N 0.05 GB7479-87 7. TP _0.01 GB 11893-89 5- 5 Jan.15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5.1.1.4 Water quality assessment method and criteria (1) Assessment method Single factor index method, which is recommended in the Technical Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.3) has been applied for assessment of current situation of surface water quality. * Calculation of the standard index for single item in point j will follow the equation: Sij=Cci'/Csi Where: Cij-monitored concentration of Item I in pointj, mg/I C,i -surface water quality standard for Item 1, mg/l * Standard index for DO will be calculated out by: SEoJ=(DOf-DOj)/DOf-DOj DOj symbol 179 \f "Symbol" \s 1ll}DO, SDOj=l0-9DOj/DO, DO, Where: SDO,J-Standard DO index in cross sectionj; DOr Centruated DO concentration, mg/I; DOj- Monitored DO concentration in cross section j, mg/l; Dos- Surface water environment quality standard for DO. * Standard index for pH value will be calculated out by: SpHi=7.0-pH,/7.0-pHd pH symbol 163 \f "Symbol" \s I 1s}7.0 Spfj=pH,-7.0/pH,u-7.0 pH >7.0 Where: SpHJ-Standardindex for pH at cross section j; pH, -Monitored value for pH at cross section j; pH,d-Bottom limit for pH in the surface water environment quality standard; pH,,-Upper limit for pH in the surface water environment quality standard. (2) Standard for assessment In the "Ninth-five Year Plan and 2010 Program for Water Pollution Control and Abatement in Liao River Basin", which has been approved by the State Council, surface water quality objective has been defined: by the year 2000 river water quality in Liao River Basin within Liaoning will achieve at least the Category V standard; by the year 2005 surface water quality in the whole basin will meet the requirements of five functions. Each municipality in 5- 6 Jan. lS. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Liaoning has developedvarious requirementsfor water quality in river sectionsbased on the local river function zoning. CategoryIII, IV and V in national "Surface Water Environment Quality Standards"have been appliedfor assessmentpurpose. Details see Table 5-4: Table5-4 Surface Water EnvironmentQuality Standard Applied for Assessment Unit:mg/l (except pH) Standard pH CODc, BOD5 DO Oil Ammonia-N TP III 6.5-8.5 15 3 6 0.05 0.5 0.1 IV 6.5-8.5 30 6 3 0.5 1.0 0.2 V 6-9 40 10 2 1.0 1.5 0.2 5.1.1.5 Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Result Table 5-5 shows the monitoring result of surface water quality, Table 5-6 shows the assessmentresult of water quality: Table5-5 Monitoring result of surface water quality in the four cities Unit: mg/ (except pH) Monitoredriver Ammonia- No. and cross section Value pH DO CODc, BOD5 Oil N TP 7.0 0.1 90 110.6 2.7 30.2 I Xi River, Xiaoyu Scope ------Village 7.9 0.2 290 157.3 55.0 49.8 Averaze 7.4 0.1 240 155.0 18.1 40.5 Hun River, 7.7 2.4 34 11.0 0.30 9.8 2 Scope ------Yujiafang Scope 8.1 5.8 75 18.6 2.91 17.9 Average 7.9 4.2 64 17.0 0.71 15.6 Shuangtaizi River, 7.8 20 3.3 0.52 1.2 3 River gate cross Scope - - - - - section 8.4 32 5.8 0.73 1.9 Average 7.9 25 4.0 0.66 1.4 Pangxie ditch 7.8 88 11.9 3.96 9.1 4 Scope cross section 8.2 108 14.7 4.90 11.2 Average 7.7 - 98 13.2 4.41 10.1 Shuangtaizi River, 8.0 55 4.4 1.8 4.9 5 Zhaoquan River Scope - - - - - 8.3 77 6.9 2.50 7.6 cross______section Average 8.1 - 69 5.5 2.25 6.1 Xiaoling River, 6.9 2 0.8 0.03 0.01 6 Hejiaxinzi cross Scope - - - UD* - section 7.0 10 1.2 0.08 0.03 ______Average 7.0 - 5 1.0 UD 0.06 0.02 5- 7 Jan.15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Repon-Basin Wide No. Monitored river Value pH DO CODcr BODs Oil Ammonia- TP ____ and cross section ___ N Xiaoling River, 7.2 55 15.7 0.02 4.0 0.73 7 east Baigu River Scope ------cross section 7.4 94 25.0 0.04 5.7 0.81 Average 7.3 - 75 21.7 0.02 4.9 0.76 Xiaoling River, 6.9 38 10.8 0.01 1.1 0.05 8 Qushou cross Scope - - - section 7.7 69 27.5 0.01 3.2 0.0.8 Average 7.3 58 19.9 0.01 3.1 0.07 Xiaoling River, 6.8 27 3.3 0.00 1.0 9 Xishulin cross Scope - - - - - UD section 7.0 47 8.7 0.03 1.] Average 6.9 35 6.7 0.01 1.1 UD Daliao River, 7.3 2.4 28 4.3 0.02 1.2 0.01 10 Weijiatang cross Scope - - - - - section 8.1 8.8 120 14.4 0.26 25.6 0.71 Average 7.7 5.2 55 8.0 0.12 8.1 0.16 Daliao River, 7.3 1.9 32 2.2 0.02 0.2 0.01 11 Heiyingtai cross Scope ------section 7.6 5.0 436 17.4 0.15 6.4 0.24 Average 7.4 3.2 134 8.9 0.09 2.8 0.11 Daliao River, 7.3 0.8 28 3.1 0.02 0.2 0.01 12 Yongyuanjiao Scope - - - cross section 7.6 6.8 348 19.9 0.42 9.4 0.31 Average 7.4 3.0 118 10.4 0.12 2.3 0.01 *UD: Undetected Table 5-6 Standard index for assessment of surface water qualitv environment in the four cities Monitored river _ .Ammonia- No. and cross section Value pH DO CODc, BOD Oil N TP I Xi River, Scope -_ - 7.25 15.73 55 33.2 Xiaoyu Village Average 0.20 9.55 6 15.5 18. 1 27. 2 Hun River, Scope - - 1.88 1.86 2.910 11.9 Yujiafang Average 0.45 0.23 1.60 1.70 0.71 10.4 3Shuangtaizi River, Scope - 0.8 0.58 0.73 1.26 River gate cross section Average 0.87 - 0.63 0.41 0.66 0.93 4 Pangxie ditch Max. - - 1.47 4.90 j7.47 cross section Average 0.85 - 2.- 1.32 4.41 6.73 5 Shuangtaizi River, Max. - - 1.93 0.69 2.50 5.07 ___ Zhaoquan River I icross section Average 0.89 - 1.73 0.55 2.25 4.05 5- 8 Jan.lS. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Monitoredriver Ammonia- No. Value pH DO CODcr BOD Oil TP and cross section 5 N 6 Xiaoling River, Max. - 0.67 0.40 0 0.16 0.30 Hejiaxinzicross Section Average 0.08 0.35 0.32 0 0.13 0.16 7 Xiaoling River, Sco e - 3.13 4.17 0.08 5.70 4.05 east Baigu River cross section Average 0.14 2.51 3.62 0.05 4.86 3.78 8 Xiaoling River, Max. - - 2.30 4.58 0.02 3.20 0.40 Qushoucross Section Average 0.20 1.93 3.30 0.02 3.13 0.36 9 Xiaoling River, Max. - 1.57 1.45 0.06 1.10 0 Xishulincross Section Average 0.20 1.16 1.11 0.02 1.07 0 10 Daliao River, Max. - 4 2.4 0.52 25.6 3.55 Weijiatangcross _Section Average 0.35 0.65 1.83 1.33 0.24 8.1 0.8 Daliao River, Max. - - 11.60 3.32 0.84 9.4 Heiyingtaicross Section Average 0.20 0.87 4.47 1.48 0.18 2.8 0.55 12 Daliao River, Max. - - 11.6 3.32 0.84 9.4 1.55 Yongyuanj iao cross section Average 0.20 0.89 3.93 1.73 0.24 2.3 0.50 It is seen from above Tables 5-5 and 5-6: *Xi River will receive discharge from the proposed outfall of Shenyang project. At present wastewater consisting of industrial and municipal sewerage from Tiexi, Huanggu and Dadong Districts is being discharged into Xi River, which is serving as a sewerage ditch with extremely poor water quality. All of the seven monitoring items exceed Category V standards except pH. Ammonia-nitrogen is the worst in terms of the exceeding above the standard. The ranking of pollution indices for average concentration is: Ammonia- nitrogen 27.0>Oil 18.1>BOD5 15.5>DO 9.6>CODcr 6.0. Organic pollutant is determined to be the most principal pollutant in Hun River. The Shenyang section of Hun River crossing the city border has been severely polluted by wastewater from south of Shenyang and Xi River. The result of assessment based on Category V water body standard, the indices for ammonia-nitrogen, BOD5 and CODcr are more than 1, that means all of the pollutants exceed the allowed limit. * The water quality in Shuangtaizi River is quite good, only ammonia-nitrogen exceed the standard for Category V in terms of Max. Concentration, before receiving wastewater discharged from Panjin. In the downstream of Shuangtaizi River and cross section of Zhaoquan River, ammonia-nitrogen, CODcr and Oil exceed the standard for Category V water quality after receiving industrial and municipal wastewater from Panjin. Organic pollutant is determined to be the most principal pollutant in Shuangtaizi River. Water quality in Pangxie Ditch can not meet the standard for Category V water body. The major pollutants, ammonia-nitrogen, oil, CODc, and BOD5 , exceed the allowed limit by 5.73 3.14, 1.45 and 0.32 times respectively. 5- 9 Jan.15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide * The water quality in Xiaoling River is quite good. At the monitoring cross-section of Hejiaxinzi, The five items detected all meet the standard for Category II water body. Xiaoling River is seriously polluted by industrial and municipal wastewater from Jinzhou. At the monitoring cross section of Baigu River, ammonia-nitrogen, TP, BOD5 and CODc, have exceeded the Category V water quality standards by 4.7, 3.1, 3.2 and 2.1 times respectively. At the monitoring cross section of Qushou which is 2 km downstream of Baigu River monitoring section, ammonia-nitrogen, BOD5 and CODc, exceed the Category IV water quality standards by 2.2, 2.3 and 0.93 times respectively. The monitoring cross section of Xishulin, 13 km downstream of Baigu River monitoring section, is located in Linghai City. At the monitoring location, water quality has slightly recovered. Ammonia-nitrogen, BOD5 and CODC, only exceed the standard for Category IV water body by 0. 1, 0.12 and 0.17 times respectively. All in all, the principal pollutants in Xiaoling River are ammonia-nitrogen, BOD5 CODcr and TP, which exceed the Category IV water quality standards. * Daliao River pollution is determined to be attributable to wastewater from Yingkou City, but also to wastewater from the upstream cities such as Fushun, Shenyang, Anshan, Liaoyang, Benxi and Haicheng. At the monitoring location of Daliao River crossing city border of Yingkou, ammonia-nitrogen, BOD5, CODc, have exceeded the standard for Category IV. TP only exceeds the standard in termnsof maximum concentration. The non- compliance rate of ammonia-nitrogen, and CODc, is 100%, of BOD5 is 44% and of TP is 18%. Some pollutants concentration decreases to a slh: i. degree due to seawater dilution and assimilative capacity although Yingkou discharges industrial and municipal wastewater to Daliao River which results in increased concentration of BOD5 and CODc. At the monitoring cross section of Yongyuanjiao, BOD5, CODc,, ammonia-nitrogen and TP exceed the standard. The non-compliance rate of BOD5 is 67%, of CODc, is 100%, of ammonia is 56% and of TP is 11%. Organic pollutant is considered to be the main pollutant in Daliao River. 5.1.2 Impact prediction and assessment of surface water environment 5.1.2.1 Time section for prediction and assessment Prediction and assessment is concentrating on the impact of effluent from the four cities when the proposed WwTP become operational on the surface water environment under low flow condition. 5-10 Jan..L5.l2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5.1.2.2 Items of prediction and assessment CODcT is determined to be the item for prediction and assessment based on the effluent constituents and surface water pollution status. 5.1.2.3 Method for prediction and assessment Mathematical model is applied for prediction of river water quality, and standard index method is used for assessment of extent of impact. Various water quality models are employed to fit the specific hydraulic condition, river course characters and pollutants. Comprehensive decay model Based on the principle of CODcr decay in Xi River, the following model is applied to prediction the impact of effluent from the proposed Shenyang WwTP to Xi River Quality: C,=C0 ek Where: C,- Expected concentration of CODCrat the point x, (mg/I); e- Concentration of CODcr at the starting cross section (mg/I) assuming a thorough mixing of effluent and Xi River water; k- Comprehensive decay coefficient of CODc, (I/ikn), x- Distance of flow, km. The primary reason to select this model is that there is little natural flow in Xi River for dilution of the effluent discharged from the wastewater treatment plant. The COD reduction in the river will rely on natural delay only. Comprehensive prediction model A one-dimensional admixture and exponential model is applied for prediction of impact of from the proposed WwTP in Panjin on the water quality in Pangxie Ditch and Shuangtaizi River, in terms of concentration change of CODcr in the river. C=[P exp(ktl)+P2exp(kt2)+-..+Phexp(kth)](Ql+Q2+.. +Qn) Where: C-Expected concentration of CODc, at the target cross section, mg/I; PI, P2 , Pn-CODcrload inflow.in river sections, mgls; Ql, Q2, Q, - Rate of inflow in river sections, m3/s; tl, t2 , t,- Time taken by pollutants to arrive at target cross section, day; K- Attenuation coefficient of CODcr, l/d. 5-11 Jan,.15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Reporr-Basin Wide S-P model S-P model is applied for prediction of impact of effluent from the proposed Jinzhou WwTP on Xiaoling River in terms of CODc, in the section of admixture. C=Coexp(-K,X/86400u) CO=(CpQp+ChQh)/(Qp+Qh) Where: C-Expected concentration of pollutant at the target cross section, mg/I; C0-Pollutant concentration at the initial cross section, mg/I; K,-Oxygen assumption coefficient or comprehensive attenuation coefficient, I/d; X-Distance between monitoring cross sections, m; u-River flow rate, m/s; CpQp-Pollutantconcentration in wastewater (mg/I) and wastewater volume (m3/s); ChQh-Upstreampollutant concentration (mg/I) and flow rate (m3/s). Estuary attenuation model The river mouth of Daliao River is prone to tide. Based on the hydrological characters and target pollutant in the estuary of Daliao River, O'Connor Estuary Attenuation Model is employed for prediction; In tide rising period: (x C=[CpQp/(Qp+Qh)M] exp [UX(l+M)/2M,]-Ch In tide drooping period: (x>O) C=[CpQp/(Qp+Qh)M] exp [UX(I-M)/2Mi]+Ch Where: C-Concentration of pollutant at the target cross section, mg/lI CP-Concentration of pollutant in the effluent from the proposed WwTP, mg/I; QP-Volume of effluent from the proposed WwTP, m3 /s; Ch-Concentration of pollutant upstream of the river, mg/I; Qh-Flow rate upstream of the river, m3/s; M-( I+4KMLfIJ 2)"2 K-Comprehensive attenuation coefficient of pollutant, I/d; ML-Diffusion coefficient at vertical direction at the cross section of the river, m2 /s; U-Average flow speed at the cross section, mi/s; X-Distance between the target cross-section and the outfall, m. Where K is modified by temperature: 0 KT=K2o c Q(T-20) 5-12 Jan.15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Q=1.047 5.1.2.4 Parametersfor prediction The parameters for prediction of impact on surface water environment have been determined in Table 5-7 based on analysis of project, comparative investigation and calculation: Table 5-7 Parametersfor predictionof surface water environmentimpact in the four cities Intensityof No; Project River source City QD COcOD Name of river Qh CbcOpD X U KCOD 1. Shenyang 9.2593 100 Xi River 69000 0.016 2. Panjin 1.1574 100 ShuangtaiziRiver, 6.0 26 0.05 Pangxie Ditch 5.0 98 0.04 3. Jinzhou 1.1574 100 Xiaoling River 3.976 17.7 13200 0.2 0.475 4. Yingkou 1.1574 100 Daliao River 10.1490 134 63400 _ 0.20 In this table, water flows upstream of the discharge outfalls are those of averages of flows in the months of April, May, October and November. Except the winter when rivers are frozen, these are the driest months of a year. 5.1.2.5 Prediction and assessment results Prediction based on river water quality modeling and prediction parameters indicates that the implementation of the project will greatly improve water quality in project area and effectively reduce COD concentration. Except Shuangtaizi River, all the other rivers have achieved water quality control standard. Table 5-8 shows the details. 5-13 Jan.15. 2001 Liao River BasinProject Environment ImpactAssessmentReport-Basin Wide Table 5-8 Predictionand assessmentresults of surfacewater environmentalimpact COD predictionresults COD assessmentresults Predicted Comparison Standard Comparisonwith River and concentration with present index presentlevels City cross section Increase/ Increase/ (mg/) (%) decrease decrease value rate (%) Xi River, 38.9 54.5 - . 0.92 - 1.42 - 60.7 Shenyang Huanglatuozi 58.4 Ss V) Pangxieditch 69.2 28.8 29.4 2.31 (IV) -0.14 (V) -5.7 Shuangtaizi Panjin River Zhaoquan 56.8 12.5 18.0 1.89(IV) +0.16 (V) +9.2 River Initial 24.5 33.5 57.8 0.82 (IV) -1.11 (IV) -57.5 Xiaoling Jinzhou River, Xiaoling 17.7 57.7 76.5 0.59 (IV) -1.92 (IV) -76.5 River east I BaiguRiver Yingkou Daliao River, 26.2 91.8 77.8 0.87 (IV) -3.1 (IV) -78.9 Yiog Y ongyuanj'iao ______ Table 5-8 shows that: Operation of Shenyang Western WwTP will change Xi River water from the current raw sewage to the effluent from the plant. COD concentration in upper sections will be 100 mg/l, which is 140mg/l lower than before (58.3% reduction). COD concentration in the downstream will be 38.9 mg/I, which is 58.4% lower than current concentration. Water quality index will be lower than 1, 60.7% lower than present standard index. Water quality will be changed from extra Crass V to lower than Class V. Improvement of water quality in Xi River will make contribution to downstream river section of Hun River. Pollutant load reduction in Hun River each year will be 112,712 t for COD, 51976 t for BOD, 42340 t for SS and 4672 t for ammonia-N. This will undoubtedly contribute significantly to the improvement of water quality in Liao River basin and achieving water quality control objectives for 2005. * With future operation of Panjin WwTP, COD concentration downstream Pangxie Ditch in dry period will be 69.20 mg/I, and oil concentration will be 4.27 mg/I, with 37.1% and 31.8% reduction respectively. COD and oil concentrations in Shuangtaizi River are respectively 56.8mg/I and 1.25mg/l, with 17.7% and 44.4% reduction. However, compared to Class V standard, Shuangtaizi River and Pangxie ditch still exceed standard. 5-14 Jan. 15.200L Xiaoling River be 24.5 mg/I, 33.5 mg/l lower than present concentration (57.8% reduction), which will achieve Class IV standard. Water quality in east Baigu River of Xiaoling River will also be improved, with COD concentration to be reduced from 75.4 mg/l to 17.7 mg/I, which will change Xiaoliang River from extra Class V to Class IV.WwTP in Yingkou will reduce COD by 11,315 t/year and BOD by 5840 t/year, which will greatly reduce pollution loads to Daliao River. Yingkou section of Daliao River is affected by the tide, with twice fluxes and ebb tides per day. Under unfavorable conditions, COD concentration in Yongyuanjiao, Daliao River is 26.2 mg/l, 91.8 mg/I lower than current concentration, which will change water quality.from extra Class V at present time to Class V. 5.1.3 Basin wide water qualityassessment The LRBP will not only benefit the river sections as the receiving water of the treatment plants, but also will bring significant benefits to the water environment basin wide in the LRB and other aspects of environment and life which depend on water quality. A steady state water quality model has projected that the LRBP, together with Liaoning provincial EPB plans to build wastewater treatment plants in all major cities in the LRB and the implementation of Liaoning Industrial Pollution Action Plan, will improve substantially water quality in LRB rivers.. However, since the LRB rivers have very limited natural flows and dilution capacity in the dry season (November to April next year), the model shows that the surface water quality in most sections of LRB rivers will be similar to that of the wastewater treatment plant effluent (CDD 100 mg/L) in the dry season, significantly higher than the Category V standard (COD 40 mg/L). In the rest of the year when there are more natural flows and increased dilution capacity in LRB rivers, the surface water quality is expected to move toward being in compliance with the Category V standards. Figure 5-1 - 5-3 shows the water quality in the LRB, with and without the project, as projected by this model. In terms of pollutant loads to the LRB, the LRBP will reduce a total of COD load by 143,299 tons per year by the four city plants and additional 20,500 tons per year by the Yingkou paper mill In comparison, to completely eliminate the below-Category V surface water bodies basin wide, the LRB needs to reduce COD discharge by 600,000 tons per year. The PRBP will contribute approximately 27% towards that COD reduction. With regard to river sections of the four project cities, significant improvements in surface water quality can be expected following the implementation of the LRBP. In all four cities and the two paper mills, mixed industrial and municipal wastewater is currently discharged directly into the receiving water bodies through numerous outfalls along the cities' waterfront. The LRBP will intercept all these direct discharges and diverted them towards the proposed wastewater treatment plants located downstream from the cities. The water quality in the sections of rivers flowing through the project cities is expected to be equivalent to that of upstream from the cities, after the wastewater interception. 5-15 Jan.15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5.2 Current impact assessment of ground water environmental quality 5.2.1 Monitoringand assessmentof current groundwater environmentalquality 5.2.1.1 Monitoringscope and points Areas 1000 m further upstream and downstream of the wastewater treatment plants along the polluted rivers have been chosen for monitoring and assessment of current ground water environmental quality. In total the four cities have set up 48 monitoring points. Table 5-9 shows the details. Table 5-9 Monitoringpoints of groundwater environmentalquality No. City Monitoring Monitoring points Function Remark points location Xiaoyu Village, 1500 Domestic use well I Shenyang l#, 2# m west to plant, Water source well ______hg______liguanpu Water source, Environmental 2 Panjin Gaosheng area domestic and monitoring from industrial use 1990 to Jan, 1991 Within assessment 18 wells, Xiaoling Water source well environmental 3RJinzhou. scope, alongr and domestic use monitoring data in River 1998 Urban drinking water 24 wells, source well and Water source and environmental 4 Yingkou regional monitoring domestic use monitoring data in I______I__ I______wells along Liao River 1999 5.2.1.2 Monitoring time and frequency Shenyang has undertaken water quality monitoring in April, 2000 for 3 consecutive days and once per day. Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou have adopted existing monitoring results. Table 5-10 shows the details. Table 5-10 Monitoring time and frequency on ground water environmental quality No. City Monitoring time Monitoring frequency Remark 1 Shenyang April, 2000 Twice per day 2 Panjin 1990 to Jan, 1991 Environmental quality monitoring data 3 Jinzhou 1998 18 wells, the whole Environmental quality monitoring data ______year 4 Yingkou Dec, 1999 Environmental quality ______m onitoring data 5-16 J.anJ. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5.2.1.3 Monitoring items and analysis methodology A total of 9 indexes such as pH, COD have been selected as monitoring items of ground water environmental quality. According to relative regulations, certain analysis methodology has been adopted. Table 5-1i1 shows the details. Table 5-11 Monitoring items and analysis methodology No. Monitoringitems Thresh-hold 1 pH 2 Index of symbol 62 \f 'Symbol- \s 10>0.5mg/' 3 Ammonia-N 0.25 mr/l 4 Nitrate 5 Mn 6 Cu+2 0.006 mg/l 7 As 0.007 mg/I s I Cr16 0.004 mg/I 9 Pb 0.05 mg/l 5.2.1.4 Methodology and standard for water quality assessment (1) Assessment methodology Standard indexes have been adopted to assess current conditions of ground water environmental quality, with identical assessment model as that of surface water. (2) Assessment standard According to ground water function at plant site, Class III standard in national regulation Ground Water Quality Standard (GB14848 - 93) is selected to assess current conditions of ground water environmental quality. Table 5-12 shows the details. Table 5-12 Assessment standard for ground water environmental quality Monitoring pH MnO4 ammonia Carbonate Mn Cu As Cr4 Pb items Assessment 6.5- s3.0 s0.2 s20 •0. 1 s1.0 s0.0 s0.05 •0.05 standard 8.5 5 5-17 Jan.15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5.2.1.5 Water quality monitoring and assessment results Table 5-13 shows monitoring and assessment results on groundwater quality environmental quality. Table 5-13 Monitoring and assessment results on ground water environmental quality Monitori Mn Cr* City nonts classification pH 04 Ammonia Nitrate As Pb Cu C Mn I c# Average 6.3 0.9 0.51 4.51 0.004 0.02 0.005 0.00 conccntration 2 ___ Standard 1.40 0.30 2.55 0.23 0.08 0.40 0.005 0.04 index Shenyang 2# venrage 6.4 1.6 0.91 0.33 0.004 0.02 0.005 0.00 Standard 1.20 0.53 4.55 0.02 0.08 0.40 0.005 0.04 ______~~index _ _ _ _ _ Und und 3# concAverage 6.9 0.007 etec 0.033 etec 0.45 Panjin concentrauted ted _n Standexrd 0.20 0.14 0 0.033 0 4.f 4#,31# conAverage 7.4Average 1.3 0.18 1.34 0.002 ~~~~~~~~~0.000I 0.078 Jinzhou Standard ______Saindex 0.27 0.43 0.90 0.07 0.04 0.02 1.56 Average undetecte undet 0.00 _ 0.00 23# concentration 7.4 2.1 d 2. ected 02 _ 01 Yingkou 46# Standard 0.27 0.70 0 0.10 0 0.004 0.00 Table 5-13 shows that: * All of the 8 indices in Shenyang have been detected, 6 of which have met Class III ground water quality standard in national regulations. Ammonia-N and pH have exceeded the Class III water quality standard. * According to monitoring results on ground water environmental quality in Panjin from 1990 to Jan, 1991, 4 of the 6 pollution indexes have been detected. Concentration of pH, As and Cu have all reached Class III ground water quality standard except that of Mn. * All the 7 indexes in Jinzhou have been detected, 6 (pH, ammonia, etc) of which have met Class III ground water quality standard in national regulation except Cr6. * 5 of 7 monitoring indexes in Yingkou have been detected, all of which have met national Class III ground water quality. 5-18 Ja.ln.. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 5.2.2 Groundwater environmental impact analysis The WwTP will intercept industrial and domestic wastewater, upgrade existing sewer network, effectively treat wastewater and greatly reduce pollution loads in surface water. Direct discharges of wastewater into receiving water bodies (Xi River, Hun River, Daliao River, Shuangtaizi River and Xiaoling River) in project cities have seriously polluted these rivers, and also led to groundwater pollution through river recharge to underground aquifers. The project will effectively mitigate pollution to these rivers and prevent groundwater from being pollution sequentially. At the same time, water quality improvement in surface water body by the project will also make contribution to groundwater quality improvement. For example, the Hun River is the primary recharging sources for the groundwater in the Shenyang area. The city heavily relies on groundwater for its industrial and domestic water supply therefore the improvement of the Hun river will also greatly reduce the risk of groundwater contamination in the Hun river area. Moreover, anti-spillage measures have been undertaken in the construction of the project, on storage and treatment facilities. Therefore future operation of the treatment plant will not have wastewater leakage, which may have impact on ground water. 5- 19 Jan. 5lf2001 LiaoRiver Basin Project EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report- Basin Wide 6. Current Conditions and Impact Analysis of Marine Environment 6.1 Monitoringand assessmentof currentmarine environmentalquality 6.1.1 Monitoringof current marineenvironment 6.1.1.1 Monitoringscope and points This environmental monitoring program mainly focuses on offshore sea zone from Daqing River mouth to Xiaoling River. 6.1.1.2 Monitoringitems and analysismethodology A total of 10 indices such as pH, CODMn,oil, Pb and Cd, etc. representing major pollutants in municipal wastewater have been selected as monitoring parameters. Table 6-1 shows the details. Table 6-1 Monitoring items and analysis methodology on marine water quality No. Monitoring items Minimum (mg/A) Methodology source lI1_ PH1l ____ GB12763.4 - 91 2 COD 0.15 HY003.4 - 91 3 DO 0.042 GB 12763.4 - 91 4 Oil 9.2 x 10 3 HY003.4 - 9 1 5 Volatile phenol 4.8 x Io-' HY003.4 - 91 6 Hg 0.0086 x 103 HY003.4 - 91 7 Cd 0.014 x 10-3 HY003.4 - 9] 8 Pb 0.19 x 10-3 HY003.4 - 91 9 As 1.3 x l0-' HY003.4 - 91 10 Total Cr 1.2 x 10-3 HY003.4 - 91 6.1.1.3 Monitoring time and frequency Monitoring has been undertaken from Aug 26 to Aug 27, 2000, once per day. 6.1.1.4 Methodology and standardof assessment Standard index method has been adopted for current environmental condition assessment of marine water quality. Assessment model is the same as that used in surface water assessment. According to Liaoning Offshore Marine Environmental Function Zoning, Bohai sea has been divided into three function zones. In consideration of cities and sea zones in the project, Class I and II water quality standard in national regulations - Marine Water Quality Standard (GB3097 - 1997) have been applied in this assessment. Table 6-2 shows the details. 6 -1 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table 6-2 Assessmentstandard of marinewater quality Unit: mg/l (exceptpH) pH COD DO Oil Volatile Hg Cd Pb As Total phenol HgCr Class I - 5 2 > 6 0S 0.005 0 < 0.005 0 001 0.020 s00S _____8.5 0.000 000 002 Cssl 7.8 > 00 01 Class< 3 11> - < < 0.005 < < 000.005 0.030 I _____8.5 0.05 -0.0002 0.00.0053 6.1.5 Monitoring and assessment results Table 6-3 shows the monitoring and assessment results. Table 6-3 Monitoringand assessment results Standardindex Standardindex Nr. Item Monitoredconcentration (Class II water (ClassI water (mgIl,except pH) qu litv) quality) Max Min Average Max Average Max Average I pH 8.2 7.4 8.0 0.80 0.67 0.80 0.67 2 COD 7.6 2.6 3.9 2.53 1.30 3.80 1.95 3 DO 8.0 4.3 6.4 4 Oil 0.044 0.020 0.030 0.88 0.60 0.88 0.60 5 Volatile 0.005 0.001 0.003 0.80 0.60 0.80 0.60 phenol _ _ _ _ 6 Hg 0.00004 0.00001 0.00002 0.80 0.40 0.20 0.10 7 Cd 0.008 0.001 0.005 0.16 0.10 0.80 0.50 8 Pb 0.009 0.005 0.007 0.18 0.14 0.90 0.70 9 As 0.0130 0.0020 0.0036 0.43 0.12 0.65 0.18 10 Total Cr 0.026 0.005 0020 0.26 0.20 0.52 0.40 Table 6-3 indicates that maximum concentration of COD is 7.6 mg/I, which has already exceeded both Class I and Class 11standard. All of the other monitoring items have met Class I and II marine water quality standard. 6.2 Prediction and assessment of marine environmental impact 6.2.1 Scope for assessment and prediction The scope of marine environmental impact prediction and assessment is the same as that of monitoring and assessment of current marine water quality. 6.2.2 Contents Impact on marine water quality by COD is the focus of prediction and assessment. 6.2.3 Methodology Water quality mathematical model has been applied to project COD load, and marine hydrological characteristics such as mixing, dilution and diffusion have also been taken into 6 - 2 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentalImpact AssessmentReport - Basin Wide consideration in this model. Griding difference equation has been applied to estimate impact on marine water quality by COD in the wastewater. The equation to estimate COD environmental volume is: M = [(goCo/T)+ C] x 10 4 * 3.65 Where: M -- COD environmental volume, t / a; T -- sea water exchange period, Liaodong Bay T = 12 days; 9 3 go - total water volume in the sea area, the target offshore area is = 3.033 x 1 0 m ; Co -- COD control standard, mg/I; C - assimilative capacity of COD. 6.2.4 Prediction and assessment results When COD assimilative capacity is not taken into account in the calculation and Class I marine water quality standard is met, the allowed maximum COD load is 27,67 1t/a. If Class II is used as the water quality target, the allowed maximum COD load would be 184,507 tla. Presently COD discharges into Liaodong Bay from Xiaoling River, Shuangtaizi River and Daliao River have exceeded the maximum allowed loads. The construction of the project will have an effective control on total COD discharge to the environment and thus, COD discharge into the sea. For example, after the project, COD discharge into the sea in the Jinzhou offshore area will be reduced from 4675 t/a at present to3685 t/a, with 21.2% reduction; that in the Panjin offshore area, from 8439 t/a to 4380 tl/a, with 48.1% reduction; and that of Yingkou, from 53,500 t/a to 42,185 t/a, with 21.1% reduction. In the operation phase of the plant, the total COD reduction will be 147,935 t/a, BOD, 70,938 t/a and NH3 - N, 7338 t/a, which will directly improve surface water quality and reduce total pollutants load discharged into the Bohai sea. With Xiaoling River the COD concentration will be reduced from 36.3 mg/l at present to 28.6 mg/I. In Yongyuanjiao Section of Daliao River, COD concentration will be reduced from 25.83 mg/l to 25.10 mg/I. However, water quality improvement in upstream river has not been considered for conservative purposes. The project in Shenyang will improve upstream water quality, thus COD concentration in Daliao River's s Yongyuanjiao section should be in fact lower than 20 mg/I. Therefore reduction of COD concentration and total discharge volume will directly improve marine water quality in the Bohai sea. COD discharge into the sea can be in compliance with maximum loads allowed, so that marine water quality objective could be achieved. Wastewater will go to the sea through Daliao River, Shuangtaizi River, and Xiaoling River. With seawater dilution, COD concentration will be reduced further away from the shore. In the sea area of 4000 m from to river mouth, COD concentration could be reduced to 0.7 mg/I. All the above description shows that the implementation of the project will effectively reduce pollutants loads of COD, BOD and NH3 - N, which will take an active role for the improvement of marine water quality and achieving water quality control objectives. 6.3 Investigation and Impact Analysis on Red Tide and Fisheries Resource in Bohai Sea The sea zone majorly related to this project is Liaodong Bay of the Bohai sea with 351 km coastline, the inter-tidal zone is 620 km2. There are three rivers discharging into the bay: Liao, Daliao and Xiaoling Rivers. The coastal cities are Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou. 6 - 3 Janl.15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide LIEP has engaged in a specific study on Bohai Sea with major focus on red tide and fisheries resources. The findings provide basis for investigation and impact analysis undertaken in this report. 6.3.1 Red Tide Investigation and Analysis 6.3.1.1 Features, frequency, extent and time of red tide occurrence in Bohai Sea (1) Features The findings of study on statistics of red tide in Bohai Sea since 1980s have shown the features are: * Frequency is increasing by years, especially from 1986 and 1998. * The extent and duration is becoming larger and longer. * The inherent nature has changed. More toxic species has appeared which harm the cells of ocean lives without color change of seawater. * The red tide-prone area is adjacenrto estuary and prawn farm where the nutrient is rich. (2) Frequency, extent and time The statistics of frequency of occurrence of the red tide is shown in Table 6-4. Clearly there are increasing red tide events in the Bohai sea. Table 6-4 Red tide frequency(recorded) Decade 1950s L 1970s I 1980s | 1990s Frequency I l 9 29 34 The red tide often at first takes place in estuary and prawn farm where the nutrient is rich and then extends to the central part of the Bohai Sea. From May to October each year the red tide often occurs and reaches climax in June through August. The most serious red tide recorded happened in the seawater near Xingcheng on August 24, 1998. Till September 18 the red tide extended to the east of Huludao City, where large extents of red tide joined. On October 15, the red tide reached the central part of Bohai Sea. In the climax the red tide covered an area of 13,308 km2 until vanished on October 19. This particular red tide event lasted almost two months. 6.3.1.2 The major reason for red tide formation The study on environmental motivation for red tide formation has shown: The formation of red tide not only has direct relation with the quantity of nutrient but is closely subject to environmental trigger factors including physical, chemical, climatic factors and species. The appropriate ratio of nitrogen and phosphorous, which is believed to be 16:1 by many studies, is the best trigger for grown and regeneration of phytoplankton which in turn results in eutraufication in the sea. Some trace elements such as Fe, Mn, Vitamin B, and B12 are believed to be the other major trigger for abnormal grown of red tide species. The finding from several studies of red tide has also shown a close relation between red tide and climatic condition. 6 - 4 Jan 5. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Species responsible for the red tide in the Bohai sea include Noctiluca scintilla, Skeletonama Costatum, Ceratium fulcra, prorocentrum and minimum are believed to be the major red tide species. Noctiluca scintilla was the major red tide species in 1983 through 1991 in Bohai Sea, accounting for 32% of the total red tide species. The best environmental condition for Noctiluca scintilla growth is 24-30% salinity and 16-280C. The best environmental condition for Skeletonama Costatum and Ceratium furca growth is 20-26% salinity and 25-330C. The best environmental condition for prorocentrum and minimum growth is low salinity and rich nutrient 63.1.3 Nutrient sources for red tide (1) Nutrient .urces for Bohai Sea The nutrient flowing into Bohai Sea is from industrial, municipal and agricultural wastewater, acquacultural field surface runoff and accidental discharges from various sources. Industrial, municipal and acquacultural discharges are believed to be the major source. Table 6-5 and 6- 6 have shown the wastewater and pollutant load discharged into Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea from these major sources: Table6-5 \,Y i, Wastewatervolume dischargedfrom varissources into YellowSea and BohaiSea Wastewater source Wastewater volume (108 m3 /a) Industrial 17.3 1 Municipal 2.9 Acquicultural 106 Table6-6 Pollutantload into Bohai Sea No. I Pollutant Load (tVa) 1. COD 594855 2. Oil 28314 3. Ammonia-N 25636 4. Sb 3942-18 5. Phenol 1842.6 6. Zn 598.8 7. Cyanide 137 28 8. Cr 78.86 9. Pb 74.00 10. Cu 82.75 11. Cd 30.49 12. Hg 17.10 It can be seen from Table 6-5 and 6-6 that acquaculture is the dominant source for nutrient for Bohai Sea. Prawn raising is the dominant acquacultural activity at present. The production cycle is 6 months. Each prawn farm exchanges 36,000 m3 water with the sea annually. The total area of prawn farm in Bohai Sea with Liaoning judicial control is 47200 mu (15 mu= I hectare), accounting for 42% of the total prawn farm area in Bohai Sea and north of Yellow Sea. Table 6-7 gives the pollutant concentration in discharged wastewater from prawn farm. 6 - 5 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table6-7 Pollutant concentrationin dischargedwastewater from prawn farm COD Ammonia-N Phasphrus Average Polluta- Polluta- Average Polluta- Polluta- Average Pollutant Polluta- Month concentr- nt load nt load concentr- nt load nt load concentr- nt load ation (glmu.d (t/104 ation (glmu.d (t/ I04 ation load (tllO4 (mw/l) mu.d) (mg/l) mu.d) (mg/l) . mu.d) June 3.26 215 2.2 0.13 8.6 0.086 0.013 0.9 0.009 July 5.94 392 3.9 0.29 19.1 0.191 0.018 1.2 0.012 Aug. 6.56 520 5.2 0.50 39.6 0.396 0.030 2.4 0.024 Sept. 6.30 500 5.0 0.74 [58.6 0.586 0,021 1.7 . 0.017 (2) Nutrient source for Liaodong Bay Liaodong Bay is the ultimate receiving water body for wastewater, regardless whether treated on not, discharged from the four cities. The wastewater volume and pollutant load discharged into Liaodong Bay are detailed in Table 6-8 and 6-9 Table 6-8 Wastewatervolume dischargedinto Liaodong Bay via rivercourse River WastewaterVolume (10 m3Ia) Daliao River 23.00 Liao River 20 DalingRiver 20.92 Xiaoling River 8.01 Note: The total runoff into Liaodong Bay is 3.3497 billion ml/a. Table 6-9 Annual pollutant load into Liaodong Bay (year 1998) No. Pollutant Load Vta I . COD 177720.57 2. Ammonia-N 11603.2 3. Oil 2549.9 4. Cd 73 5. Zn 1171 6. Sb 0.225 7. Phenol 69.3 8. Pesticide 3.5 9. DDT 0.035 10. Hg 15.5 11. Pb 101 12. Cu 22.5 P and N are from municipal, agricultural and marine-cultural sources. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphate discharged from Liao River into Liaodong Bay is 7080 t/a and 216 t/a respectively. Table 6-10 shows the ammonia-N load from municipal source monthly. Table 6-10 Ammonia-Nload fromLiao and Da]iaoRiver in differentmonths Month Liao River Daliao River Flow rate (m3/s) Anunonia-N(t/d) Flow rate (m3/s) Ammonia-N(tld) April 47 30 85 66 May -ve -ve -ve -ve July 103 26 199 70 August 273 27 442 149 6-6 Jan 15. 2 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide The result of comparison between municipal source and prawn farm in terms of ammonia-N load is shown in Table 6-11. Table 6-11 Ammonia-Nload dischargedfrom Daliao and Liao River, and prawn farm 4 From prawn farm From Liao and Daliao River, and Month 26.0X10 mU 52.5X104 mu 47.2X10' mu municipal source April 2880 May -ve June 67.1 134.7 121.8 - July 153.9 309.1 279.5 2976 August 319.2 640.8 579.4 6386 Sept. 457.1 917.7 829.8 There is little information on phosphate available at present. However base on limited monitored results in some reservoirs the finding is: the nutrient of phosphate content appears to escalate which is believed be mainly from agricultural activity. The application rate of N, P and K is 349. x10 4 ton per year. 6.3.1.4 Sea water Nutrient Enrichment Assessment Eutrophic threshold method A direct comparison between the monitored parameters and the threshold to deternmine the eutrophication of water body. Table 6-12 shows the standard limit. Table 6-12 Thresholdfor eutroficationevaluation COD TIN TIP Chlorophyll Organic carbon (mg/,) (mg/I) (mg/]) (mg/,) (mg/m3) 1-3 0.2-0.3 0.045 1-10 1-10 * Eutrophic index method The function of eutrophic index method is: EI=CODxTINxTIP/4500x 106 Where: EI- Eutrophic index * The result of seawater eutrophication assessment in Bohai Sea The result of Bohai Sea eutrophication assessment using eutrophication index method is shown in Table 6-13. 6 - 7 .Ja 15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table 6-13 Result of seawater eutrophication assessment in Bohai Sea Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 Average of eutrophication 0.09 0.032 4.11 4.4 1.02 index Monitoringscope 0.01-0.024 0.003-2.59 0.01-63.08 0.01-21.8 0.01-7.59 EI <1 0-8.09 0-15.35 0-4.95 0-7.44 It can be seen from Table 6-13 that the extent of eutrophication in Bohai Sea varied from years, 1995>1994>1997>1996>1993. El in 1995 is the highest that is 15.35. 6.3.1.5 Seawater quality and assessment in Liaodong Bay There are three project cities close to Liaodong Bay, Panjin is 35 km from estuary, Jinzhou is 30 km from estuary and Yingkou is only 7 km from Bohai Sea. Table 6-14, 6-15 and 6-16 show the seawater quality monitoring results near the three cities. Table 6-14 Monitoringresult of seawaterquality in near-shoreof Panjin _Unit: mg/1 Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Parameter COD 8.99 10.15 13.09 9.24 11.60 8.24 3.73 9.86 10.89 Ammonia-N 0.155 0.061 0.425 1.477 1.438 0.438 0.086 0.430 1.140 Oil 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.07 0.18 0.16 0.14 10.26 0.44 Table 6-15 AverageN and P concentration in near-shore seawater in Jinzhou Unit: mgA Month 1995 1996 1997 19 98 N p N p N P N P May 0.312 0.032 0.468 0.028 0.678 0.025 0.980 0.330 (lwflow) (High flow) 0.433 0.052 0.908 0.070 0.988 0.021 0.980 0.330 Table 6-16 Monitoring result of seawater quality in near-shore o£ n Unit:mI/l Monitoring Ammo parameter pH DO N Oil Phenol Hg Cd Pb Cr As Year - 1994 8.00 7.54 0.18 0.06 0.001 0 0.001 0.014 0.002 0.004 1995 8.18 7.66 0.21 0.06 0.001 0 l 0.001 0.010 0.002 0.004 1996 8.18 8.24 0.19 0.06 l0.001 I 0 l 0.001 0.013 0.002 1 0.004 It can be seen from Table 6-14 through 6-16, Seawater quality in Panjin exceeds Category IV in terms of COD and Ammonia-N (unionized) and exceeds Category II in terms of Oil; Seawater quality in Jinzhou exceeds Category II in terms of N and P; Seawater quality in Yingkou exceeds Category IV in terms of Ammonia-N (unionized) and Oil. 6- 8 Ja-15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 6.3.2 Investigation and analysis of sediment in Bohai Sea Sediments in the Bohai Sea are generally of fine texture and consist in the main of clays, fine silts, coarse silts, fine sand and admixture of these. Sources of suspended particulate material are the rivers and re-suspension. There is regional and seasonal variation in SPM, which is closely related to flow and the sediment concentrations of the rivers. Sources of sediment are mainly the rivers plus wave erosion and resuspension. Historical observations have shown that high concentrations of suspended particulate matter near the mouth of Liao River which often exhibit sharp fronts. Maximum SPM concentration occur in April. This maybe accounted for by the fact that wind is stronger in spring and winter leading to a higher degree of erosion. In July-August when the river run-off and SPM discharge is highest the zone of high SPM concentration covering a much greater area. In October the SPM concentrations are lowest in most of Bohai Sea. Sediment quality may give a better indication of the true situation with respect to pollution. From the analysis of sediment in Bohai Sea, the overall quality is good except Lianshan Bay off Jinzhou is heavilly polluted by Cadmium and mercury which is caused by Huludao Zic Melter. 6.4 Investigation and analysis of current situation of ocean species and fishery resources 6.4.1 Investigation and analysis of industrial pollution on crustaceans The accumulated concentration of trace elements and microorganism in crustaceans in Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou in 1998. Details see Table 6-17. Table 6-17 Trace elements and microorganism ponutant accumulated in crustaceans Unit: mg/k wet weight ProjectCity PAH(10-) DDT(109 ) PCB(106) Hg(1O) Cd(10-) Pb(104 ) As(10') Panjin 3.34 0.9557 2.3422 0.018 0.42 0.28 0.197 5.11 0.2940 0.3154 0.46 7.32 0.11 0.416 Jinzhou 52.3 0.0984 0.2519 0.116 4.22 0.12 0.622 26.8 0.1753 - 0.061 1.82 0.28 0.656 80.5 2.1639 4.0361 0.090 1.61 0.34 0.416 12.6 3.6499 1.9822 0.066 1.99 0.03 0.325 Yingkou 5.54 1.1045 1.4129 0.016 1.08 0.03 0.316 11.6 0.6598 1.3227 0.017 2.35 0.17 0.299 It can be seen from Table 6-17, the accumulated concentration of PAH,DDT, PCB, Hg, Cd, Pb and As in crustaceans in sea zone off Jinzhou is higher than that in Panjin and Yingkou. Especially the PAH concentration is several times higher, and DDT and PCB concentration does not meet the standard. 6.4.2 Investigation and analysis of prawn farm pollutidn Prawn farm has enjoyed a prime time since mid 1980s. Outdated technique has resulted in heavy pollution. Large amount NPK fertilizer and nutrient has been applied in prawn pool to 6 - 9 Jan Z5.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide increase regeneration of phytoplankton on which the prawn feed. All of the wastewater from the prawn pool was discharged into the sea without any form of treatment. The extent to which the wastewater from prawn pool impact on Bohai Sea is decided by several factors such as water exchange, fertilizer application rate, cultivation quantity and cycle. Although it is impossible to quantify these factors attributable to pollution, the N, P and COD load from prawn pool and prawn pool development can provide an indication of pollution extent and tendency. Details see Table 6-18 and 6-19. Table 6-18 Prawnpool development Unit: mu Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Panjin 45778 18282 22814 27569 23523 28258 30522 27132 30441 Jinzhou 65840 54265 68025 58120 22770 81000 81422 85000 68100 Yingkou 19300 63210 61490 3520 23380 61640 27260 74900 78000 Totalarea J130918135757 1152329 89209 69670 170898 139204 187032 176541 Table 6-19 Pollution load fromprawn pool Unit:t/a Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Pollutant ______I______N 1440.1 1493.33 1675.62 981.3 766.40 1879.88 1531.24 2057.35 1941.95 P 680.27 765.94 792.11 463.88 362.29 888.67 723.87 972.56 918.01 COD 1701.93 1764.84 1980.27 1159.71 905.74 2221.67 1809.65 2431.42 2295.03 It can be seen from Table 6-18 and 6-19, the total area of prawn pool in Liaodong Bay at present is 176,541 mu. Although some of these pools have been abandoned for viral disease, shellfish and finfish cultivation occupied these pools. The water exchange rate is over 10% of each prawn pool. The potential impact on Liaodong Bay by prawn pool wastewater could be derived based on wastewater constituents, with reference of study by Ocean Fishery Bureau of East Sea, PRC. The calculated potential pollution load is: from April to September 1999, N was 1941.95 ton, P was 918.01 ton and COD was 2295.03 ton. It is clear that the pollution load from prawn pools was higher than that from Daliao and Liao River by 9% in terms of TN in the same period of six months. 6.4.3 Impact on ocean species and fishery resources by eutrophication and red tide The findings of investigation show that the bio-diversity in the Sea has changed dramatically from 1982 to 1992. The depleted fish stock in near-shore has caused fish catching activity to divert to deep sea. Fish stock depletion is caused not only by overfishing but also by water pollution. The total fishery resources available have declined by 27%, fish resource declined by 29% and sustainable resource declined from 130,000 ton to 95,000 ton during the ten years. The fish catching capacity has increased by 40% and seawater quality has been deteriorated, which put significant pressure on fishery resources. Fish catching has reach the bottom tropical area. It is understood that red tide has taken heavy toll on fishery and ocean bio-diversity. For an instance, the direct and indirect economic losses caused by the red tide during Aug. 18 and Sept. 19 was amounting to 560 million RMB. 6- 10 Jan 15.2001 Liao KMver Basin Project Environmenta impact Assessmeni nepon -D,",,, It is noticeable that Liaodong Bay is a valuable pawn and nursery site for many species such as jellyfish, prawn and crab. Control of water pollution in Liaodong Bay is vital to the ocean resources protection. 6.5 Impact analysis of ocean species and fishery resources by the proposed project It is anticipated that the pollution load from Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou to Liaodong Bay will be significantly reduced by the project. The pollution load change in,.Liaodong Bay before and after project is shown in Table 6-20. Table 6-20 Pollution load change in LiaodongBay beforeand after project of Panjin,Jinzhou and Yingkou Beforeproject After project N P CODcr N P CODc, Panjin 1460 183.5 8439 438 73 4380 Jinzhou 1460 183.5 4675 438 73 3685 Yingkou 1460 183.5 5350 438 73 4218 In LiaodongBay 4380 550.5 18464 3066 219 12283 Totalload in 11603 1450 177721 10289 1231 171540 Linodong Bay Reductionrate (%) 0 0 0 11.32 15.10 3.45 It is seen from Table 6-20 that this project will contribute positive impact on ocean species and fishery resources by reducing pollution load. 6.6 LIEP result of study on Bohai Sea red tide and fishery, and relation with the project LIEP has conducted a specific study on red tide and fishery in Bohai Sea, the findings show: Red tide incident in Bohai Sea has been mainly triggered by Municipal, Agricultural and marine-cultural sources. Marine-cultural source contributes most of the impact, agricultural is the second (90% is from the latter two), and municipal is the third. After completion of this project, municipal contribution will be reduced by wide margin. In turn the ocean bio- diversity and fishery resources will be benefited from this project. 6- 11 Jan ..52001 Liao River Basin Project Environmenta Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 7 Investigation and Impact Assessment of the Wetland at the Estuary of Shuangtaizi River 7.1 TheInvestigation of theWetland 7.1.1 General Statusof the Wetland The Shuangtaizi River is located the downstream section of Liao River. The river enters Bohai Sea at Panshan County of Panjin City. Historically, the estuary area has been a biologicallyvaluable zone. In 1996, with the approval of the State Council, the area has been appointed as ShuangtaiziNatural ProtectionZone (national level), covering an area of 800 kin2 30 krn from PanjinCity. Withinthe area of the Natural ProtectionZone, wetland along both sides of ShuangtaiziRiver covers half of the total area. The wetland is formed by the alluviationof river, land elevation is low. On the land surface, there is alluvial clay. The Figure 8-1 presents the geographicallocation of the protectionzone and the wetland.Table 8- 1 showsgeographical location of the ProtectionZone and the wetland. There are about 321 kinds of wild animals,including 236 kinds of birds living in this area. In the migratory season, hundreds of thousands of bird flush into this area, which forrns a wonderfulscene. The wetland has special biological functions, includinggroundwater recharge, flood control, nutrient retention and transformation,water purification and so on. In particular, it's an appropriateplace for the wild animals,especially, a habitat or a rest place for migratorybirds. Moreover,the wetland has extensivegrowth of reeds. In winter, when birds migrate out, the withered reed could be used for papermaking.These reeds have some important biological functions,such as preventingwind and flooding,improving environmentand soil, purifying the water,preventing pollution and maintainingbiological balance. The special landscape and biological function of the wetland have very important value for scientific research. It is an attractive place for the tourism of Panjin City. At the same time, it promotes the development of local service industry. It has been a new growth focus for local economy. The wetland is located in such an area where land biological system transit into marine biological system. It belongs to estuary biological system with high bio-productivity. The wetland is a natural, effective oxidation pool for wastewater treatment. 7.1.2 Relation between the Wetland Quality and the Contamination of Shuangtaizi River 7.1.2.1 The impact of mankind activities on the wetland The wetland at the estuary of Shuangtaizi River is a very important reed and swamp wetland in China. It's also a significant wetland recorded in Intemational Wetland Association. But since 1980s, with development of industry, agriculture and improvement of people's living condition, the flow of industrial and domestic wastewater has increased largely. The wastewater directly discharges into Liao River, which threatens the living environment and regeneration of wild animals. Especially the oil contamination due to exploration of Panjin Oil Field, has caused serious food shortage to the wild lives. As a result, the bird communities have reduced largely. In recent years, Panjin City, located at the downstream of Liao River Basin, has paid much 7 -1 Jan I S 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmen,af Lwpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide attention on protection of biological environment. The municipality stick in the environmental policy that point-source treatment and centralized treatment of wastewater, pollution control and urban planning, short-term goal and long-term objective should be carried out under coordination. Now the treatment ratio of industrial wastewater has been increased to more than 80%. Because of too much backlog of municipal wastewater treatment, a lot of wastewater hasn't been treated effectively and still discharged into Shuangtaizi River directly. It contaminates the river and makes the quality of water exceed Category V standard. So the biological environment in the wetland is being threatened seriously. 7.1.2.2 The Impact on the Biomass in the Wet Land (1) Reduction of vegetable coverage Because of the development of agriculture and oil industry, the vegetable coverage has been reduced greatly. Water contamination is an important reason for the reduction of reed. The reeds polluted by wastewater dies early at the life cycle. At the same time, other plant species are reduced continuously. (2) Reduction of wild animals The water pollution greatly reduces the amount of wild animals migrating along the river and ditch. The result of statistics shows that the amount of Chinese Crab has been decreased. Originally, Tianjin Crab was one of the most common animals in the mouth of the river. But now because of the water pollution, the quantity of the crab is reduced largely in wetland swamp and salt swamp. Besides the crabs, the quantity of the wild animal and bird living in the intertidal zone and estuary has been decreased because of the impact of water pollution. 7.1.2.3 Impact on the Biological Function of the Wetland (1) Impact on capacity of water storage and flood control Becauseof the man's activities at the estuary of Shuangtaizi River, the area of the wetland has been reduced by about 50%. The function of water storage and flood control has become weak. At the same time, the suspended matter resulting from man's activity has increased; the wetland is clogged by the sediments. It weakens the capacity of water storage and flood control seriously. (2) The Impact on bio-diversity The rich bio-diversity, which had existed for long time in the wetland, has been reduced because of man's activity. The wetland system becomes more weak. The species depending on the wetland are becoming fewer and fewer. According to the island biological geography philosophy, when the area of wetland is reduced by 50%, 25% of the species will be dead. Now it' s estimated that the existing bio-diversity in the wetland is only 75% of the original one. (3) The Impact on the degradation of nutrients When the wetland be developed to be paddy field, the pollutants in the river will contaminate the field. At the same time, because of the weakness of the wetland, the function of pollutant degradation is weakened. The polluted river water will go into the sea without being fully bio- degraded. So the quality of biological environment is worsened. 7 - 2 Ian 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environ men Impac Assessment Report - BRsin Pflde (4) The Impacton biologicalproductivity Human activities and pollution at the estuary has changed water body quality and reduced the biomass of vegetation. The quantity of the microorganism transferring from the wetland to the river's estuary is reduced. This causes the disappearance of sea species fed solely by the microorganism. So the biological productivity is weakened. (5) The Impacton birds With wetland decreasing, the habitat for birds is reduced correspondingly. Man's activities and water pollution brought by that have large impact on the biological environment of the wetland. Therefore, reasonable development and river pollution control is quite significant to the improvement of the wetland's biological environment. 7.2 Environmental Impact Assessment after the Project The contribution of each proposed wastewater treatment component to the improvement of Shangtaizi River water has been discussed in Chapter 6. Xinglongtai wastewater treatment project in Panjin City is one of the important steps to the water pollution prevention and abatement program in Liao River Basin. This project will be constructed in the upstream of Shuangtaizi River's estuary. It will mitigate pollution to Shuangtaizi River caused by municipal wastewater in Panjin City, which will in turn reduce the impact on wetland at Shuangtaizi estuary. After the construction of Xinglongtai wastewater treatment project, treatment capacity of which is 100,000 t/d, water quality in Pangxie Ditch as well as biologic environment along the river side will be greatly improved. With future step implementation and staged construction of water pollution prevention program, Phase 1I project (120,000 t/d treatment plant) is to be commenced, while municipal wastewater treatment in the upstream section will be carried out. The pollution mitigation in the upstream section will be more noticeable. The construction of the project, which is very important for protection of the wetland and natural protection area at the downstream of Shuangtaizi River, will play a significant role in the protection of wetland's natural resource, environment and biological system. 7 -3 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 8. Assessment on Current Air Quality and the Impact 8.1 Monitoring and Assessment on Current Situation of Odor Pollutants 8.1.1 Locationof MonitoringPoints Two or three air monitoring points were decided at each proposed wastewater treatment works at the four cities. Details of these monitoring to Table 8-1, River Section Diagram attached. Table 8-1 Locationof Air MonitoringPoints at the four Cities No. Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou 50m from Xi river, WwTP site, from wind I opposite to wind WwTP site Dishuihuvillage direction direction 2Xiaoyu village Xiyue village WwTPsite WwTP site, opposite to wind 2 Xiaoyu village Xi I direction 3 - _ _Shuishouyingzi 8.1.2 Monitored Items Parameters monitored in the program included NH3, H2S, trimethyl amine, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide and odors. Wind directions and speeds, ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure at the monitoring stations during the monitoring time were also recorded. 8.1.3 Timing and Frequency The monitoring program lasts for 2 or 3 days at each monitoring point, in July through November 1999. On each monitoring day 3 samples were collected , at 8:00, 10:00 and 13:00, respectively. Processing of the data collected was carried out according to GB3095- 1996, Environmental Air Quality Standard. 8.1.4 Methods of Sampling and Analysis Methods of sampling and analysis adopted comply with the Method for Monitoring and Analysis of Air and waste Gas promulgated by SEPB, as shown in Table 8-2 below. Table 8-2 Air Monitoring & Analysis Methods MonitoredItem AnalysisMethods DetectionLimits NH3 Nessler Agent SpectrumPhotometry 0.022 H2S Gas Chromatography 0.001 Trimethyl amine Gas Chromatography 2.5 x 10 3 8-1 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide methyl mercaptan Gas Chromatography 2 x 10 4 Methyl sulfide Gas Chromatography 2 x 10 4 8.1.5 Results Total 210 samples were taken during the monitoring period. Statistics for all monitoring points in the four cities are listed in Table 8-3. Environmental conditions during the monitoring period are listed in Table 8-4. Table 8-3 Statisticsfor Monitoringof Pollutantsand Odor for four Cities trimethyl Methyl methyl City Location Date & Time Odor NH3 H2S ame Metan sul amine mercaptan sulfide 25 - 27 13:00 150 0.56 0.56 _ _ Shenyang 2# January 15:00 200 0.60 0.60 1999 17:00 150 0.59 0.59 - - - 11 - 12 8:00 <10 - 0.2 0.003 0.0006 0.001 Panjin 2# January 10:00 <10 - 0.3 0.003 0.0004 0.001 2000 13:00 <10 - 0.5 0.003 0.0002 0.001 1# 27 - 29 11:00 <14 - - < 0.003 < 0.0005 - Jinzhou 2# April 13:00 <12 -- - <0.0003 - _ 3# 2000 15:00 <17 - < 0.004 < 0.0006 - 14- 15 11:00 <10 0.025 Yingkou 2# September 13:00 < 10 0,028 l______1999 15:00 < 0 0.032r Table 8-4 EnvironmentConditions During MonitoringPeriod Mean Wind Mean Mean Pressure City Date Weather Wind Speed Temperature (KPa) (mis) (c) 25 January 1999 Clear N 3.2 -15 101.8 Shenyang 27 January 1999 Clear EN 3.2 - 15 101.8 P. I IJanuary 2000 Cloudy N 3.2 -14 103.2 Panpin 12 January 2000 Cloudy NE 2.2 - 14 103.2 27 April 2000 Clear WS 3.2 24 100.4 29 April 2000 Clear WS 4.8 26 100.6 14 September 1999 Clear WS 1.8 18 100.2 Yingkou 15 September 1999 Clear WS 2.2 19 100.2 8- 2 Jan IS. 2001 Liao Riper Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 8.1.6 Assessment Standards The maximum concentrationsfor harmful constituents in the ambient air in residential area are specified in TJ36-79, Sanitary Standard for Industrial Enterprises Design, and relevant internationalstandards were adopted, as detailed in Table 8-5 below. Table 8-5 EnvironmentalQuality Standards Unit: mz/m3 trimethyl methyl methyl Pollutants Odor NH3 H2S amineame mercaptanecpa - sulfldesufe Standard limits 20 0.20 0.01 0.005 0.01 0.08 FormerSoviet FormerEast FormerEast Origin GB14544-93TJ36-79 TJ36-79 Union Gernany Gernany 8.1.7 Assessment Method Single factor index which is defined as the ratio of measured concentrations with standards in relevant government and standard exponentialmethod were used for assessmentof current ambient air. 8.1.8 Analysis of Assessment Results The assessment results on odor and pollutants in the four cities are detailed in Table 8-6 below: Table 8-6 Assessmentresult on odor and pollutantsin the four cities (one maximumvalue) trimethvl methyl methyl City Catalog Odor NH3 H2S | mine methy sulhyd amine mercaptan sulfide Shenyang onetime value 200 0.60 0.02 - - _ timesabove 9 2 1 0 0 0 the limit Panjin one timevalue < 10 0.032 . times above 0 0 0 0 0 0 the limit Jinzhou one time value 17 - - 0.003 0.0006 0.0004 times. tme abveabove 0 0 0 0 0 0 the limit _ Yingkou one time value < 10 0.032 - times above 0 0 0 0 0 0 the limit * Note:Values listed in thetable are the maximum values monitored. It can be seen from Table 8-6, at location of 50 m from Xi river bank near ShenyangWwTP 8- 3 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentalImpact AssessmentReport - Basin Wide site, odor value has exceeded Plant Boundary Class 2 stipulated in GB 14544-93, Odor and Pollutants Discharge Standard by 9 times. NH3 and H2S values have exceeded TJ36-79 by 2 and I times respectively. Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou have met TJ36-79 requirements in terms of odor and pollutants. 8.2 CharacterAnalysis on PollutionMeteorology To master pollution meteorological character in the target areas, meteorological data during year 1996 to 1999 in the four cities have been collected. Pasquill Stabilization Classification method was used to study the character of monthly and annual wind direction, wind speed, stability and frequency variation. 8.2.1 Wind Direction Frequency Monthly and annual wind direction and frequency drawings ( Rose Map ) in the four cities are provided in Fig. 8-I through 8-4. It can be seen from the drawings that prevailing wind direction in summer are from S and SSW, in winter N and NNW. Annual prevailing wind direction in Shenyang, Panjin, Jinizhou and Yingkou are S (11.75%), SSW (20%), S (14.3%), and S (25.6%) respectively. Annual secondary prevailing wind direction is N (13.32%), N (11.01%), N (11.02%), and N (17.1%) respectively. Windless frequency in the four cities is 21.4%, 16.02%, 21.97%, and 5.4% respectively. 8.2.2 Wind Speed and frequency Quarterly and annually wind speed and frequency in four cities are 3.89 Mi/s,4.5 mi/s, 2.7 mrns, 3.3 m/s and 3.6 rn/s respectively. Wind speed is quicker in spring and slower in summer. 8.2.3 Air Stability Information on air stability appearance frequency in four cities are listed in Table 8-7. It shows that D class stability appearance frequency is highest in Shenyang, Panjin, Jinzhou, and Yingkou, that is 50.77%, 43.81%, 45.05%, and 44.9% respectively; secondary it is E class as 15,77%, 23.56%, 21.28%, and 18.4% respectively; then it is F class as 19.26%, 15.15%, 12.52%, and 16.6% respectively. 8.3 Prediction on Air Impact 8.3.1 Prediction Model and Factors 8.3.1.1 Prediction Model Waste gas discharged from WwTP is mainly at random. According to HJ/T2.2-93, Technical 8-4 Jan152000 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Guideline for EnvironmentImpact Assessment,when area occupied by non-point source is less than 1km2, concentrationvalue beyond the grid could be calculated using point source diffusion model, with modification to factors ay and c52 The function of the model is as below: C = Q / irUa,a, * exp - (H 2 / 2symbol 115 \f "Symbol" \s I la, 2) Where: C - concentrationabove ground level,at side oppositeto the wind direction, mg/m3; Q - pollution source discharge strength in unit time, mg/s; a, - diffusion factors, in horizontal and vertical direction; U - mean wind speed, at level of non-point source, m/s; He - equivalent discharge level of non-point source. 8.3.1.2 Modificationto DiffusionFactors a, = y,X' + ay / 4.3 C = y2X2 + H / 2.15 Where: X - distance, at side oppositeto the wind direction,m; ay- length of the non-point source at Y direction, m; a l,a2 - regression exponentials, in horizontal and vertical direction; Y1,Y2 - regression factors, in horizontal and vertical direction; 8.3.1.3 Determination of factors I) Exponential of wind speed and mean wind speed at discharge level have been taken and calculated according to GB/T13201-91, Technical Methods on Compiling Local Air 8- 5 Jan 1.5L2001 Liao River BasinaProject EInvironmentalImpact Assesv,nentReport - BasinalI'ide Tablc 8-7Frequency of Atnmospheric Stabilization in the Assessed Area in the Four Cities Wind Shenyan Panjin Jinzhou _ Yinkou Direc Sprin Sum Autu Winte Yearl Sprin Sum Autu Winte Yearl Sprin Sum Autu Winte Yearl Sprin Sum -Autu Winte Yearl tion B mer nm r y B mer mn r y g mer mn r y g mer mn r y avera avera avera avera A 0.77 1,40 0.98 0 11 0.82 1.89 5.77 0.31 0.00 2.00 2.08 3.26 0.64 0.00 1.5 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 B 5.98 5.49 5.52 3.72 5.19 9.77 14.69 5.46 0.84 7.73 6.34 6.79 6.78 3.60 5.89 7.4 11.2 6,2 2.8 6.9 C 7.61 7.72 7.90 9.60 8.20 12.18 9.53 7.55 1.62 7.75 9.87 7.34 9.98 10.61 9.44 13.2 13.0 14.8 1.5 13.1 D 58.40 61.72 46.12 36.51 50.77 54.48 51.19 38.28 31.00 43.81 47.01 55.89 42.77 34.32 45.05 51.0 48.1 40.1 40.5 44.9 E 14.70 11.52 15.79 21.17 15.77 14.84 13.72 29.12 6.85 23.56 15.94 10.98 22.89 35.61 21.28 14.7 14.6 20.0 24.4 18.4 F 12.54 12.14 23.69 28.89 19.26 6.84_ 5.10 19.28 29.69 _I5S.15 11.50 8.79 14.01 15.87 12.52 13.7 13.1 19.0 20.8 16.6 LiaoRiver Basin Project EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 2) Pollution Discharge Standard. 3) Air diffusion factors have been calculated out according to HJ/T2.2-93, Technical Guideline for Environment Impact Assessment, Appendix B, and calibrated. 8.3.2 Prediction and Evaluation for Odor Impact 8.3.2.1 Prediction and Analysis for WwTP Odor Impact (1) Source intensity It is known that main air pollutant from the project is odors generated during operation of WwTP, which is discharged at random. Odor constituents from WwTP in the four cities are listed in Table 8-8 below: Table 8-8 Odor MaterialsDischarged from WwTP in four cities Unit: kg/h City NH, H2S trimethyl methyl methyl amine mercaptan sulfide Shenvang 0.690 0.0023 0.0035 0.0350 0.0231 Panjin 0.208 0.0070 0.0090 0.0008 0.0081 Jinzhou 0.208 0.0070 0.0090 0.0009 0.0081 Yingkou 0.209 0.0080 0.0089 0.0009 0.0082 (2) Calculation of Concentration Based on meteorological conditions in the target area, such as prevailing wind direction, mean wind speed and class D & E air stability degree, calculation on odor concentration, within I krmfrom WwTP border at side of opposite to the wind direction, has been done and is detailed in each city's report. (3) Analysis of result Table 8-14 shows that concentration of odor materials discharged from WwTPs in the five cities have reached limit value set up in TJ36-79 for residential area (NH3 = 0.2 3 3 mg/mr, H2 S = 0.01 mg/m ), and reference international standards (trimethyl amine = 0.05 mg/m3 , methyl mercaptan = 0.01 mg/rM3, methyl sulfide = 0.08 mg/M3 ). 8.3.2.2 Odor Pollution Impact Analysis by Pumping Stations Twenty pumping stations are proposed to build in the four cities for sewerage conveyance. Usually they will not release odors during operation. Odors may only be released from the 8-8 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide adjusting tanks. As they are underground structures and normally covered, amount of released odors will be little. By monitoring existing pumping stations, hourly maximum NH3 concentration value is 0.097 mg/m3 , much lower than the allowed limit of 0.2 mg/m3, other odor constituents are too small to be detected. It shows that the odor impact on environment by pumping stations is little. 8.3.2.3 Analysis of achievibility of standard of Odor Discharge (1) Smelling Threshold, Boundary Limit and Sanitary Standard for Odors As there is no requirement in air quality standard for odors, reference values from sanitary standard have been applied. Smelling threshold and boundary limit for WwTP, and industrial enterprises sanitary standard for odors are listed in Table8-0- for comparison. Table 840) Tabl 8-OdorSmelling Threshold & Relevant Standards 3 Unit: mg/mr Odor Smelling BoundaryLimit Sanitary Standard constituents Threshold (Class2) (residentialarea) Smelling NH3 0.1 1.5 0.2 acidulous H2S 0.00047 0.06 0.01 bad egg methyl sulfide 0.0021 0.007 acidulous sulfur It can be seen from Table 8-10 that boundary limit is higher than the sanitary standard, and sanitary standard value is higher than smelling threshold. This means even odors discharged meet the boundary limit value, it may not meet the sanitary standard. In another words, if it meets the sanitary standard requirement, people still can smell the odors. (2) Odor Impact on Human Health Odor will impact on human respiration, blood, digestion and spirit system. Main impact on human respiration is when people smell odor, they will control breath by reducing times and volume. Impact on blood system is blood pressure fluctuation with breath control. Impact on digestion will be losses of appetite and vomit. Impact on spirit will be making people feel uneasy. (3) Standard Achievibility Analysis From odor impact prediction, odors discharge during WwTP operation could meet sanitary standard TJ36-79 for residential area. Maximum concentration on ground level will be within WwTP site or outside the border by 100m. As within 500m from WwTP border, there are no residential blocks, the impact could be negligible. 8- 9 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 8.3.3 Determination of Sanitary Protection Distance By prediction, odor discharge during WwTP operation in the four cities could meet plant boundary standard, but exceed residential sanitary standard and smelling threshold. According to GB/T13201-91, Technical Methods on Compiling Local Air Pollution Discharge Standard, sanitary protection distance should be decided by function: Qc / Cm = (BL' + 0.25y 2 )0 50LD / A Where: Qc - random discharged pollutant, kg/h; Cm - standard concentration limit for pollutant, mg/m 3 ; L - sanitary protection distance, rn; y - equivalent radius, m; A,B,C,D - calculation factors, from GB/T13201-91. Calculation has been done for sanitary protection distance for WwTPs in the fouir cities, the results are listed in Table 8-10. Table 8-10 Sanitary ProtectionDistance Unit: m |Clty 1 NH3 | H25 g trimethyl methyl methyl recommended ______=______amine mercaptan sulfide distance Shenyang 200 100 100 100 400 400 Panjin 102 98 114 99 91 150 Jinzhou 130 90 125 1o0 100 150 Yingkou I 0o 100 120 100 140 200 The Table 8-10 shows that in Shenyang, Panjin, Jinzhou, and Yingkou, sanitary protection distance for WwTPs should be 400m, 150m, 1i50m and 200m respectively. 8- 10 Jatn 15QQ Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide C-6. 0%. R C=5. a. Figure 8-1 Seasonal and Annual Rose Mlap of assessment Area in Shenyang Project 8- 11 I S 2001LJan LiaoRver Basen Project ..-.. pvjrociSntaI AssessnientB s Figure 8-2 Seasonal and Annual Rose Map of assessment Area in Panjin Project 8-12 -;.Uao River Basin Project Environme,talImpacdAssessmentReport-Basin Wide N\% - NEE N\,N NE N\.\-. NNE - NE N"-E "'NE "N" ' .ENE-\\ -; ENE ">N"- ENE \VE \V E \V- ___ E SW' - SE 5 w SE .SE SSW }5 E 55Si - 55£ S S9i SSES -A,~~~~~ j*822_'. 6.t6 0, mi4 s _ i JF3.-t, 2 S_.'s N\_N-NN\E N\\'\N NNE NV 0s S\E -M NE .N N"NN\\ N NNE NE ENE ' - ENE ENE E \V ~ __E E \VS\VX- -ESE W W, 'SEK. ESE S\\;X -vSS\\- SE-SZE ~SSW 'SSE '\-S*SESE S\\ b'-SSE 'S n A.EI,-9:3, 51,-:I/5 A.R, *2 3. 17=,5_, 3,9s - -NE\\ Nmv -\ N N NN : N ;E NW ~~~~NE N " E \ E W.X ,- -- ESE ' SESE ESE 5 5\". ' SE sw -SE Sw~ -SE 5\WS -SSE' SS\ - SSESsi\ S SSE t V, tF982.6 2Do/s -A, -IL*2. llmJs A.J, -FT-2. 43c/s N\NN N NNE NN *YN NNE NN\.N NNEE - .NE 'N N ' E N\'\ NEE - 'VN\ " ENEE\ Vv ENE ____ E W ~~~~~{.Z... ~~E EV \vS\V ESE Ws ESE -SE Sill SW'- '~~SE SW S Ssv'S -SSE SSW s SSE SS\\ -SSE t-FA nFt2. 63 m/s -t--A, -,e2. 26m/s , -F.1F*2. lOm/s .NN_ V N NE NNvV ; ENE \V _ E wVsw , >' ESE SW SE SSS5 -SSE * 5t2.. 66m/s Figure 8-3 Seasonal and Annual Rose Map of assessment Area in Jinzhou Project 8-13 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 4 00 _~~~~~~~0 0 CrQ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~C 6 vo VCo CZ 11 0~~~~~ o I . I 0 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CZ 00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 e R~~~~O . *~~~81 LI Jan1 20 8^14 Man 15. 200 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - BasingWide 9 Existing Acoustic Environmental Quality and Impact Assessment 9.1 Monitoring for existing acoustic environmental quality and assessment 9.1.1 Monitoringfor existingacoustic environmentalquality 9.1.1.1 Distributionof monitoringpoints The major noise sources have been identified to be pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants in operationphase. The monitoringpoints should be establishedat pumping stations and WwTP sites for assessment.The monitoringpoints are shown in Table 9-1. The detailed locationof monitoringpoints is shown in River Section Diagramattached. Table 9-1 The distributionof monitoringpoints for noise assessmentin the 4 project cities Number of ProjectCity monitoring Monitoringpoints location points 5 points on the WwTP boundary and center, I on Yuliang Village Shenyang 7 and Xiaovu Villageswhich near the WwTPrespectively 7 4 points on the WwTP boundary and center, I on each of the 2 PanjinPanjin proposalpumping stations, and I on Xiyue Village Jinzhou 4 points on the WwTP boundary, I on Di Shuihu Village plant near the Yingkou 9 5 points on the WwTPboundary and center, I on each of 4 proposal pumping stations (1) Timing of monitoring One day in July from September 1999, each time for day and nighttime. (2) Monitoring method The monitoring method is consistent with the regulations stipulated in "Noise Monitoring Method for Urban Area". (3) Monitoring result Through site monitoring, the statistic results (maximum value) of noise monitoring are shown in table 9-2. Table 9-2 Monitoringresult for existing noise environmentquality in 4 municipalities Unit:Leq[ddB(A)1 Project Shenyang Panjing Jinzhou Yingkou city East Gag-a Time Yuliang Xiaoyu of Pumping North South pumpling TVillage Village Plant station of plant ofplantaDishuihu station 9-1 Jan15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Project Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou city time 54 52 53 60 34 42 50 59 Night 43 43 47 25 33 46 55 time 9.1.1.2 Assessment standard The proposed interceptors should be laid nearby the roads in order to minimize temporary acquisition of farmland and ease access to construction site. The assessment of existing noise situation should comply with the corresponding standards stipulated in "Environmental Noise Standard for Urban Area"(GB3096-93) based on the requirements of environmental function zones in each project city. The standard adopted is in table 9-3. Table 9-3 Noise assessmentcriteria for 4 municipalities Unit:Leq[dB(A)l Municipality Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Time day night day night day night day night Standard 60 50 60 50 60 50 60 50 value Category III III 111 III 9.1.2 Assessment result Based on direct comparison of monitored value and the standard, the assessment results of current noise situation are: . Shenyang: The monitored values of current noise situation of Yuliang and Xiaoyu Villages in day and night time are 43-54dB(A), which is consistent with ambient noise standard for Class II function zone. * Panjin: The monitored values of current noise situation of Xiyue Villages and pumping stations in day and night time are 37-6OdB(A), which is consistent with ambient noise standard for Class II function zone. *Jinzhou: The monitored values of current noise situation of Dishuihu Villages in day and night time are 24-42dB(A), which is consistent with ambient noise standard for Class 11 function zone. * Yingkou: The monitored values of current noise situation of boundary of the proposed WwTP and pumping stations in day and night time are 42-59dB(A), which is consistent with ambient noise standard for Class II function zone. 9- 2 Jan 1512001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 9.2 Prediction and assessment of noise impactto environment 9.2.1 Intensityof noise sources The sources for noise in the operationphase, for WwTP are lifting pump, sludge pump and blower, for pumping station is submersiblepumps. The noise intensity of major equipmentis listed in the table 9-4 through analogueinvestigation. Table9-4 Intensityof noisesources of majorequipment in theproject Pumpingstation Wastewatertreatment plant Intensityof noise Intensityof noise Noisesource sourcedB(A) Noisesource sourcedB(A) Noisein pumpingroom 93 Seweragelifting 95 pumps Noisein operationroom 78 Blowers 92 Noise in outdoorof pumping 6 room 62 Sludgepumps 92 30mfrom pumping stations 61 Air compressors 92 9.2.2 Predictionof noise impact 9.2.2.1 Formulafor prediction (1) Geometricalattenuation formula for point source intensity For the fixed noise point sources like the proposed WwTP, the following fornula will be adopted: Lr=Lr0 -20gr/r 0 -AL In which: r, r, distancefrom noise point source,meter; Lr, Lro the noise class at r and ro, dB; AL reduced noise value by insulationeffects of houses, walls and other factors, dB. (2) Generalequivalent noise class formula To calculate the overlappingnoise intensity on some point caused by several noise sources, the following formulawill be adopted: n Leq(,'0t 11=lOIg 1 00.qie In which: Leqiequivalent noise class monitoredat certain point caused by No.i noise source, dB; 9- 3 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 9.2.2.2 Prediction result and assessment The results of noise prediction and assessment for the proposed WwTP and pumping stations of the 4 project cities are shown in table 9-5. Table 9-5 Noise predictionand assessmentresult for 4 municipalities Unit: Leq[dB(A)] Project Prediction Day time Night time City point Prediction Standard Excess Prediction Standard Excess .location value value (dB) value value (dBI) Shenyang Plant 49.31 60 0 41.34 50 0 boundary______Pumping 50.24 60 0 46.19 50 0 station Plant Panjin bounary 50.9-59.3 65 0 49.6-61.3 50 0 Pumping 49.0-53.0 65 0 44.2-63.0 50 0 station Jinzhou boPdat 22.5-31.5 65 0 24-33 50 0 Di Shuihu 32-42 65 0 32-33 50 0 Yingkou boundary 43.8-50.3 65. 0 41.846.2 50 0 Pumping 59.1-59.7 65 0 48.549.8 50 0 station It is seen for table 9-5 that the monitored noise value both at the plant boundary and pumping station meet the requirements for Category 11 function zone in " Noise Standard for Industrial Enterprise Boundary" (GB 12348-90) and " Environment Noise Standard for Urban Area" (GB3096-63). 9-4 Jan rs. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 10. Environment Impact Assessment for Sludge Disposal As a particular environmental concern, sludge disposal has been considered as an integrated component in the proposed project and a high priority has been given in this assessment because sludge disposal probably poses the most serious adverse environmental impacts in largely beneficiary wastewater treatment projects. Sludge disposed of with an engineered and well-controlled manner is essential to sustainable and environmentally safe operation of the proposed WwTP. 10.1 Sludge Quantity and Constituents Analysis A large quantity of sludge with a high water content will be produced by the WwTPs. The sludge consists mainly of sediments present in the incoming wastewater and waste activated sludge from the biological treatment process. According to the Project Feasibility Study Report and other technical information, the sludge load will be 0.4 kg MLSS/kg COD in the WwTPs in this project. On this basis, the amount of waste sludge to be generated by the project has been estimated. The waste sludge quantity and water content from each of the WwTPs is shown in Table 10- 1. Table 10-1 Sludge Quantity of the four WwTPs IUnit: tld Sludge Item Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou sources______1 Treatment capacity 800,000 100,000 100,000 100;000 Screenings Weight 16.5 10 10 10 Water content (%) 80 80 80 95 Grit Weight 48 5 3 2 Water content ( °) 60 60 60 95 Activated Weight 494.78 65 67 68 sludge Water content (%) 80 75 80 80 Total Weight 559.28 80 80 1 80 Water content(%) 77 75 75 1 80 In addition, the industrial wastewater treatment plant at the Yingkou paper mill, which includes a 3000 t/d red liquor treatment and recovery process and a 60,000 t/d white liquor and effluent treatment plant, will generate 80,000 t/d sludge. The Jincheng paper mill component will involve a technical renovation, which will eliminate the current mercury containing effluent stream. This component will generate no sludge. 10.1.1 Analysis of Sludge Composition In order to ascertain the future sludge composition, the environmental monitoring stations of the four cities have conducted a sampling and testing program from July to November ofl 999 on the deposited sludge in the municipal sewerage outlet leading into the proposed plants. The sampling and analytical results have been fufther compared with sludge main constituents concentrations monitored in similar operating municipal wastewater treatment plants in other parts of China. Based on these analyses, the sludge composition and concentrations of main contaminants (heavy metals) for this project is estimated as shown in details in Table 10-2. 10-1 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 10-2 Sampling Result of Deposited Sludge in the Outlets of the Four Cities Unit: mg/kg Pollutant Cu Pb Cr As Cd Hg city . 208 0.21 Shenyang 208 337 0.4 0.29 4.9 1.13 Panjin 12.42 0.91 - 0.12 0.17 13.87 Jinzhou - 38.72 6.2 5.87 1.79 1.52 Yingkou - - 15.75 4 11 0.77 Pollutant limit for agricultural 500 1000 10 75 20 15 application (GB4284-84) It can be seen from Table 10-2 that the heavy metal content of the deposited sludge in the four cities are all below the limit for agricultural use by wide margin. Sludge deposited in the outlet would contain more heavy metal due to historical accumulation than the actual one from the WwTPs. In addition, the industries which are considered the primary sources of the heavy metals in the sludge have applied more stringent control of heavy metal discharges in recent years through production renovation and preliminary, in-plant wastewater treatment before discharging to the municipal sewer system. For these reasons, the heavy metal contents in the incoming raw wastewater may be expected to be even lower than those shown in Table 10-2. The preliminary assessment seems to indicate that heavy metal content in the waste sludge will meet standards for agricultural application, although this conclusions should be further confirmed through additional sampling and testing of the actual sludge to be produced from the WwTPs once they become operational. Any agricultural application of the sludge can only be adopted following the confirmation of sludge composition including heavy metal contents as well as other constituents, which may potentially be detrimental to crops. 10.2 General Discussion on Feasibility of Sludge Disposal Options 10.2.1 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Options How to properly dispose of the sludge is one of the biggest challenges facing all four WwTPs. There are several options sludge treatment and disposal, which are applied around the world. Table 10-3 gives the general description of these options. Table 10-3 Conventional Sludge Treatment and Disposal Methods Options Advantage Disadvantage Incineration . Immobilize heavy metal . High investment and * kill all of the harmful pathogen O&M cost, and bacteria, * Flue gas an serious a and minimize sludge volume environmental concern, . Residue still needs landfill Wet Oxidation * Full decomposition of organic * High investment and matter O&M cost, * short treatment cycle * High corrosion control * minimum odor Anaerobic digestion . Improvement of sanitary * Digested sludge still high conditions of the sludge water content, * Generation of methane gas which * Still requiring final may be re-used for energy disposal recovery * Digested sludge easy to dewater 10-2 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Options Advantage Disadvantage Natural drying . Low energy consumption . Poor pathogen control * Low operating cost * Strong nuisance odor . Large land requirements * Not good for large quantity sludge * Still require end disposal Composting . Resources recovery through * Nuisance odor compost products * Potentially limited market * Simple and reliable operation for compost product * Re-usable land for composting * Large land required operation * Potential adverse impact * Generation of soil conditioners to crops when applied in and fertilizers for agricultural and farm land other land application * Potential revenue source Sanitary landfill * Permanent, final disposal . Nuisance odor * Flexibility in operation capacity . Leachate and groundwater * Relatively easy to satisfy pollution concern pollution control requirements for * Land occupation landfill * Relatively low operating costs 10.2.2 Feasibility of sludge disposal 10.2.2.1 Feasibility of sludge landfill Sludge to be produced in the proposed treatment plants (except Shenyang) in short term will be directly thickened to reduce the volume without undergoing digestion process, and then be dewatered to produce sludge cake with water content lower than 80%. The sludge cake will be transported to municipal landfill site for sanitary landfill. Leachate will be generated as the result of organic decomposition in the landfill site. Several leaching tests have been conducted by Chinese environmental protection institutes on municipal solid waste (MSW) and sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant respectively. The results indicate that heavy metal concentration in the leachate from sludge is lower than that of municipal solid waste under the same condition. Table 10-4 shows the detailed results of the leaching tests. Table 10-4 Heavy metal concentration in leachate from sludge and municipal solid waste under same condition Unit:m / I Soaking 1 2 Class III standard Time hour hour 4 hour 8 hour 24 hour 48 hour for surfacewater Zn Sludge 1.11 2.73 3.70 I 3.32 4.14 MSW 1.22 1.07 1.32 1.12 1.68 1.80 Cu MSW 0.05 0.07 0.09 / 0.10 0.11 1.0 Waste 0.09 0.120 0.168 0.136 0.174 0.144 Pb Sludge 4.35 4.31 5.39 I 8.49 9.58 0.05 x 10 x 1o-3 x lo-, X 10-3 x 10-3 3 MSW 0.033 0.048 0.078 0.048 0.065 0.062 Cre Sludge 0.015 0.027 0.039 / 0.068 0.075 0.05 MSW 0.113 0.128 0.132 0.127 0.128 0.124 10-3 Jan 15g.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Soaking 1 2 4 hour 8 hour 24 hour 48 hour Class III standard Time hour hour for surfacewater Cd Sludge 0.75 0.77 1.03 / 1.23 1.2 0.005 X I0-3 x 10-3 x lo-3 x I 0-3 x 10-3I MSW 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 Hg Sludge UD* Ud UD UD UD Ud 0.0001 MSW 0.154 Undet Undete undetecte 0.084 Undetec Value undetected< x 103 ected cted d x I ted 0.0 *UD: undetected Table 10-4 indicates that, landfill of sludge will have similar impact on ground water as that of municipal waste. Therefore sanitary landfill is acceptable for sludge disposal. 10.2.2.2 Feasibility study for agricultural utilization According to the National Pollutant Control Standard of Sludge for Agricultural Utilization (GB4284 -- 84), agricultural application is one of viable disposal approaches for sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants if its constituents can meet the Standard. To determine the sludge properties as they are related to the Standard, a sampling and analysis program has been carried out for sediment sludge in municipal sewerage outfalls in the 4 project cities (see Table 10-2). The results shows that sludge to be produced in this project can be used for agricultural application in terms of its heavy metal contents. Particularly the soil in Liaoning Province is generally neutral and alkaline, which has stronger tolerance to sludge than that of acid soil, which commonly exists in Southern China. However, since some of the wastewater in this project contains as high as 70% industrial effluent, heavy metals as well as other potential harmful materials contents will have to be further confirmed through sampling and analysis of actual sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants once they are operational before agricultural application may be adopted. Sludge may be a valuable fertilizer or soil conditioner for agricultural land. However, agricultural utilization is subject to certain limitations and disadvantages, including: * stability of sludge constituents and environment tolerance; * effect of heavy metal and toxic materials in the sludge following long term land application; * difficulties in sludge handling due to its physical properties * potentially harmful affects to sanitation such as odor to the surrounding communities; and * possible pollution to surface waters resulting from leaching by storm water and surface runoff. . To overcome these disadvantages, it is necessary to develop operation guidelines, acceptable to both environmental and sanitary standards. At the same time, a comprehensive monitoring and control system will need to be established to ensure agricultural utilization of the sludge could be undertaken in an environmentally and sanitarily acceptable manner. Relevant authorities in China have developed a maximum application rate for agricultural utilization of municipal sludge, -30 t/ha/a. It is further regulated that when the heavy metal concentrations are near the application standard (GB4284 -- 84), the maximum length of time for sludge application on the same agricultural land is 20 years. If the above standards are exceeded, the application of the sludge will be restricted. Furthermore, agricultural utilization should be determined based on the opinions of potential users. 10-4 Jan 1. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin W*de Since many uncertainties are still related to the sludge, to avoid adverse impacts on the environment, it is recommended that the sludge should not be applied on the following land: * vegetable land, * gazing farm which will operate in the same year of sludge application, * riverside land * agricultural land with high ground water table as well as during harvest season, and * land in or close to well field for drinking water supply. All of the above conditions should be given more weight in determination of agricultural utilization. 10.2.2.3 Feasibility of sludge incineration A survey shows that disposal of municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge through combined landfill and agricultural utilization has most widely been adopted in China. However, with fast expansion of urban areas, some environmental issues such as land resource for landfill, pollution to ground water and odor to the surrounding communities have drawn more public attention. At the same time, due to the instability of sludge constituents, heavy metal concentration standards are more stringently enforced for agricultural utilization. Co-disposal through incineration of municipal wastewater sludge with municipal solid waste has therefore drawn more interest in many parts of the world.. For example, Japan disposes of 80% of its municipal solid waste by incineration. China has also begun to consider the incineration option and some cities such as Shenzhen have already adopted incineration to deal with municipal solid waste. However, the capital and operating cost for incinerators are very high. Because of the high moisture content in the municipal sludge, incineration of mixture of the sludge and municipal solid waste may need to use auxiliary fuels which further increases the operation cost. Technically, incineration is very complex and co-disposal of municipal sludge with municipal solid waste will have to be carefully and thoroughly studies for its technical and economic feasibility before being adopted. Panjin originally planned to dispose of municipal sludge together with municipal solid waste in the city's incinerator. But because of the uncertainties related to the technical feasibility and operation economics of the sludge incineration, the city has changed the plan ar. adopt other sludge disposal options. 10.2.2.4 Feasibility of sludge composting Composting is a process in which organic materials undergo biological degradation to a stable end product. Sludge that has been composted properly is a sanitary, nuisance-free, humus like material. Through a complete composting process, approximately 20-30% of the volatile solids are converted to carbon dioxide and water. In addition, because the sludge is usually processed in the thermophilic temperature zone, the product compost is essentially pasteurized. Composting is applicable to both digested or untreated sludge, although digested sludge composting tends to be a slower process because of the lack of sufficient digestible energy material for rapid biological oxidation. On the hand, compost systems using untreated sludge as feeds are often more susceptible to odor problems. There are several composting technologies. Windrow composting is the simplest and most economic technology in terms of operating cost. The technology requires piling and tuming of the compost (windrows) once or twice a week in an open field, mechanically or manually for a composting period of about 4-5 weeks. For municipal sludge, because of the uniformity Jan 15-2001 Liao River BasinProject EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin ide and fine size of particles in the sludge, a co-composting with a bulking material may be necessary. Sludge may be first mixed with wood chips or wheat straws, which are abundant in the project area. Windrow composting is not an alien technology to the province. For the hundreds of years, farrners in Liaoning province has been using windrow composting to process night soil and animal waste to produce a "domestic fertilizer". This indicates that similar technology can be applied to the conditions in the project area and local farmers are familiar with compost product, although they have not used compost with municipal sludge as the feed material. The cold climate in winter could be a problem for composting process. A simple solution is to cover the windrows with a 20-30 cm of compost product as an insulation layer. A similar layer may also be used in the summer time for odor control. Despite insulation, composting in winter times in the project area will still be a very slow process. The primary problem for composting process is, however, the lack of a sustainable market for the stabilized end product. Before further studies on sludge constituents, the compost from municipal sludge may not be applicable to the agricultural fields. This would restrict the market to landscaping and other non-agricultural applications. Even when further studies prove it is safe to use-sludge product in agricultural fields, it is still subject to additional market research to determine whether this type of products would be accepted by local farmers. 10. 3 Environmental Impact Analysis of Sludge Disposal 10. 3. 1 Proposed sludge disposal methods Table 10-5 shows the proposed sludge disposal methods in the four project cities. Table 1O-5 Existingconditions of sludgedisposal in each city Project City Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Laohuchonglandfill North of , southeastof Shangfang Nanshan Municipallandfill Site location Shenyang Village, municipalsolid 2 km north of An open ground west Pagjin waste landfill XipaotaiWwTP near the WwTP Construction operatingsolid To build sludge Operatingsolid To renovate solid status waste landfill compostingplant waste landfill waste landfill Total Sludge 560 80 80 80 quantity t/d 150 t/d short terrn, 3 dedicatedsludge 300 t/d long term 10,000 m' ad 000mland, landfill sites Capacity landfill, 1600 in3 /d co 3500000co-adisoa 3x83x1.lm 410 t/d composting composting 650t/d,co-disposal land 29,389 and temporary m2 storage Distance from 32 km, Shen-Dan 12 km, WwTP and hgwy10k,Otrrnrod 2.0 kmn,new road haul route highway Outer rng road Haulingtime 4--6 am, 7-10 pm 6--7 am, 7-8 4-6 am, 7-10 pm 6-8 am, 7-9 pm PM Disposal Sanitary landfill approach composting Composting sanitary landfill Sanitarylandfill temporarystorage 10-6 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide ProjectCity Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou ~~~~~~~~~~~(operation)J Site flat layout Table 10-1 Table 10-2 Table 10-3 Table 10-4 Investment 9864.12(spent) 1200 (budgeted) 12000 (spent) 1000 (budgeted) hauling costs 1280 - 70 12 (10" RMBId) ______Total disposal costs 1834 280 200 172 (10' RMB/a) Leachate treatment 100 130 I OOl30 costs (104RMB/a) Storagetank Selectpicking Preserved land Fermentation Particle-making| tank workshoo | |Packaging & l Leachate taik L storaLeworkshoD To WwTP Garage Maintenance chamber Sub Vehicle boilr t Admin istatlonRe auraW Figure 10-1 Flat layout of Yingkou municipal solid waste disposal site (100 mu) 10.3.2 Analysis of sludge landfill and composting 10.3.2.1 Analysis of sludge landfill Implementation of this component includes 3 stages: site construction, sludge landfill operation and plant closure (beyond life horizon). All three landfills for sludge and municipal solid waste co-disposal in Shenyang, Jinzhou and Panjin will adopt the similar construction standards, as describe below and in Table 10-5. The layout of Yingkou landfill site is shown in figure 10-1. Construction of Landfill Site leveling work is the first step, which is essential to the construction of necessary facilities on site. Clay with permeability less than 10-7cmi/s will be paved at the bottom of the landfill and compacted. A leachate collection system, in the form of a 50x50 m grid of collection ditches and vertical pipes, will be built above the compacted clay layer which will facilitate collection and diversion of leachate. There are three kinds of materials for the construction of leachate collection ditches: concrete pipe, rocks and waste concrete chunks. In consideration of cost, it is determined that the waste concrete chunks from the construction sites in the cities 10-7 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide will be technically and economically suitable for the leachate collection system construction. The size of the system is lxl.2 m. One vertical pipe will be constructed within each grid, which could be made of the either of following three kinds of materials: * Concrete pipe D=0.6 m covered with rocks or cobble * Cylindrical boxes welt with steel bar filled with rock or cobble, D=1.2 m * Cylindrical steel bar boxes filled with waste concrete chunks, D= 1.2 m The leachate collected will be diverted to leachate collection tanks before treatment. The landfill perimeters will be surrounded by ditches to intercept storm water. This will maximize the separation of contaminated liquid from clean surface runoff and minimize the leachate generation and thus need for leachate treatment. The gases generated within the landfill will be vented to the atmosphere via the leachate collection system. The construction of the landfills will have other adverse impacts, including mainly damages to the vegetation and landscape at the sites, noise from the machinery, etc. Operation Procedure Basic principles of landfill operation are * Different landfilling methods will be chosen for sludge/municipal solid waste with the different water contents and for different seasons, according to the provisions of the Technical Standard of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill issued by the Ministry of Construction of China. * The sludge will be spread by bulldozers on the working area and then compacted, * The density of sludge punched is 0.8 t/m3 , after decay it will be 0.9 t/m3 * The sludge and solid waste will be covered daily with a 20-30 cm of clean soil for odor and other environmental nuisance. Method of landfill Landfill cells The whole landfill site will be divided into multiple cells as working areas. The area of each cell will be equivalent to that for one day's landfilling volume. Each lift of the cell will be 2.8 m, consisting of 3-4 smaller lifts of 0.6-0.8 m each. Following the compaction, the lift thickness will be about 0.5 m each, covered with 0.2 m of clean, compacted soil. The sludge and solid waste, as well as the daily cover compaction is to maximize landfilling capacity for the given land, minimize the sedimentation due to the volume reduction resulting from organic material decomposition, reduce the void space in the landfill pile, slow infiltration of storm water, and facilitate the traffic movement on top of the landfill. The cover materials will have a 1% slope for surface runoff diversion. Because of the high moisture content of the sludge, landfill operation will be affected by climate. During the dry season and when the water content of sludge is less than 80%, the sludge landfill may be carried out as described above. If however during the rainy season temporary roads of the landfill sites will be covered with boiler ash or similar materials for 10-8 Jan 1. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide sludge trucks movement. If the water contents of sludge is higher or significantly higher than 80%, the sludge may need to be unloaded in a designated cell without compaction. The sludge compact will be carried when the sludge moisture contents drop below 80% after several days of drying. Leachate generation is affected by several factors, including original moisture contents of the sludge and solid waste, the sludge/waste organic content, precipitation and surface runoff infiltration, etc. It is expected that the leachate generation in this project will be mainly in June to September, with an estimated daily flow rate of 500 tld. Based on experience from other landfills, the leachate is expected to contain COD of 10,000 mg/L, BOD 4000 mg/L and pH around 7.7. For the Yingkou landfill, which is located on a site about 2 km from the proposed wastewater treatment plants, the leachate will be pumped back to the treatment plant for treatment. For Shenyang and Jinzhou where landfill sites are far away from the treatment plants, dedicated leachate treatment plants will be built at the landfill sites. Landfill Closure When the landfill site reaches the end of its service life, a final clay cap of 30 cm thick will cover the site. On top of this clay layer, another 50 cm thick of natural soil will be put to the top to reclaim the natural landscape through tree planting or vegetation. 10.3.2.2 Analysis of sludge composting Technical process of composting There are two basic types of composting technologies: Anaerobic and aerobic technologies. The anaerobic composting process takes long time and environment conditions related to this process is poor. On the other hand, the aerobic technology has several advantages: short time needed to increase the temperature necessary to kill the harnful worm eggs, bacteria and pathogen. The compost will contain large quantity of humus, which will imprDve the soil texture. The flowchart aerobic composting is presented in Figure 10-2: Watercontent of Textur Temeraur Slugemix-ve dewateredsludgc modificationby - jcontrol <80%) conditioncrsl - Eiu~~pply system Halmbeing smasahedup I F Sludgc Standard WwTPWae.. discharge__cleto SludgeCnilizer 10-9 Jan 15.2001 Liao River BasinProject EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Sludge compostingprocess conditions The sludge for disposal is composed of primary and secondary sludge. It would be very difficult to compost directly the sludge with high water content as the high water content takes all the space in the sludge, impeding the air movement and thus aeration. Therefore, sludge conditioningwhich is to mix approximately30% of wheat straws, as well as scattering shouldbe performedbefore compostingin order to improveair conductivity. When temperaturein the compost above 80°C, bioactivityof the biomass will decrease and the capacity of organism decompositionwill also decrease. Under this condition, stable and dry products are hard to achieve.Therefore, temperature should be controlledbetween 55 to 600C. During the course of aerobiccomposting, wind frequency,velocity and air volume shouldbe well controlled, so that organism could be decomposed to the largest extent, to produce harmlessand stablecompost products. In the windrowtechnology, oxygen supply is achievedthrough nature air ventilationinto the compost piles. Periodical turning of windrows also helps exposure the entire composting materialsexposed to the air. Air ventilation or aeration is to: * provide enough oxygen for metabolismof microorganism,to keep aerobic status of the sludge; - debaterthe sludge to obtain dry products; = releaseheat to conditionof the optimaltemperature during the course of composting. Composting period Whether harmless and stable composting products could be obtained largely depend on the composting period. In the summer time, it takes I to 2 days to raise sludge temperature above 50°C. The constant temperature above 50°C could keep 3 to 4 days, while complete fermentation will require 15 days. However in wintertime in the project area, it takes 3 to 7 days to raise sludge temperature above 50°C. The constant temperature above 50°C could keep 2 days, while complete fermentation will require 20 to 30 days. Thus normal composting period will be 15 to 30 days. During the composting process, windrows will be turned 2 to 4 times in the summer time and I to 2 times in winter. Composting Shenyang - The composting in Shenyang will be conducted at a 10 ha. site near the treatment plant. Natural desiccatedand digested sludge will be composted in IxO.8x5m windrows.The windrows will be turned manually and the composting period will be 30 days. The land at the site not occupied by windrows will be used for compost curing. This space will also allow for temporarystorage required for seasonal demand variation for compost product. The surface runoff at the site will be collected and diverted back to the treatment plant for treatment. Panjin - Sludge composting site is located near the solid waste incineration plant, which is I km to the south of the proposedtreatment plant. There are 3 compostingareas at the site, each of which has sludge disposal capacity of 600 m3. A total of 20 windrows will be placed in each of the areas (lx1x30 m). Maximum disposal capacity at the site is 1600 m3 , which is equivalent to 20 day sludge production at the Panjin wastewater treatment plant. 10-10 Joan15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Implementation standard of sludge composting If the municipal wastewater is primarily from the domestic sources, monitoring results that heavy metal content in the sludge is low. This implies that the heavy metal content compost product may be low and are within the standard. However, if it is proved through additional sampling and testing that the sludge heavy metal contents are below the standards, sludge application quantity should still be controlled in accordance with relevant regulations, such as Pollutant Control Standard of Sludge Application for Agriculture (GB4284--84) and Sanitary Assessment Standard of High Temperature Composting (GB7959--87). Table 10-6 Pollution control standard of sludge application for agriculture (GB4283-84) Item Max allowedcontent mg/kg(dry sludge) _tem pH < 6.5 soil pH 2 6.5 soil Cd 5 20 Hg 5 15 Pb 300 1000 Cr 600 1000 As 75 75 Cu 250 500 Zn 500 1000 Ni 100 200 Table 10-7 Sanitary assessment standard for high temperature composting (GB7959-87) Item Sanitarvassessment standard Composting Max temperature more than 50-55 °C, 5-7 days continuously temperature______Mortalitv 95-100% Coliform 10.3.3 Pollution factor analysis and screening and pollution loads projection 10.3.3.1 Pollution factor analysis and screening Table 10-8 shows the main pollution factors analysis and screening in the sludge landfill and composting process. Table 10-8 Pollution factor in the sludge landfill and composting process Waste gas Wastewater disposal Pollution Discharge PoUution Discharge * Odour * Dischargeafter treatment in rainy * Odour ~~~*COD season Landfill * NH1 Ambient air 0CDsao Landfil]H2S3 Ambient air * SS * Backfill after treatment in dry * H2S ~~~~~~~~~season * Odour * COD * Partial backfillafter treatmentin Composting * NH3 Ambient air * BOD dry season * H2S * SS * Partial dischargeafter treatment 10-11 "n 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 10.3.3.2 Pollution loads projection Waste gas pollution loads projection Table 10-9 shows the waste gas pollution loads projection in the proposed project. Table 10-9 Waste gas pollution loads projection Pollutant ShenyangLandfill I Panjin Composting Jinzhou Landfill YingkouLandfill N (kgld) 5.62 0.94 0.71 0.72 H2S(kg/d) 3.68 0.81 0.46 0.48 Sludge leachate pollution loads projections Table 10-10 shows the Sludge leachate pollution loads projections. Table 10-10 Sludge leachate pollution loads projections Pollut Concen Shenya g anjin Jinzhou Yingkou disch In- Eff- disch In- Eff- ant tration(mg/I) Discharge loadIn- loadEff- discharge loadIn- loadEff- arge load load arge load load 12000 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.00 0.1 COD (eff- 96 5 0.02 6 7 0 1 12 12 4 0.02 240) 7000 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 BOD (eff- 96 7 0.01 6 40 t 12 12 0 0.02 150) 4 1 8I2I 1000 0.1 0.00 0.0 00. 0 0.00 0.0 Ss (e ff- 96 6 12 12 0.02 10.3.4 Environment impact analysis of sludge disposal 10. 3. 4. 1 Environment impact analysis of sludge disposal site In Shenyang, Jinzhou and Yingkou, sludge will be landfilled as co-disposal with municipal solid waste. The additional sludge disposed at landfills will shorten the service life of the landfills. However, the increased volume to the landfills can be accommodated by the landfills because of they sufficient disposal capacity in the design. The management of the proposed wastewater treatment plant and the existing municipal solid waste disposal facility have reached an agreement on sludge disposal, which is attached to the annex. As these municipal solid waste disposal landfills have already been designed and built or to be built with the standards for control potential adverse impacts such as leachate contamination to the groundwater, air emission of landfill gases and environmental nuisance, it is expected that sludge disposal at these sites will not pose significant incremental adverse environmental impacts to the environment. All sites are located in the suburbs of the cities they serve. The site investigation indicates that there are no environmentally sensitive receptors such as residential areas in the immediate adjacent areas surrounding these landfill sites. 10-12 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 103.4.2 Environmental impact analysis of temporary sludge storage site Considering uncertainties related to sludge transportation and other sludge handling procedures in the real life situations, each wastewater treatment plant has a temporary sludge storage area with a storage capacity of one week's sludge generation (except in Shenyang where the temporary sludge storage area is outside of the treatment plant with a capacity equivalent of 2-3 years of sludge generation. The storage site will be carefully designed, constructed and managed by constructing a containment wall and paved ground. Surface water runoff will be controlled by construction of a collection system and retention structures and the collected runoff will be pumped back to the aeration tanks for treatment. 10.3.4.3 Environmental impact analysis of sludge transportation The dewatered sludge will contain 80% water, which is likely to cause leakage during sludge transportation from the treatment plants to the disposal sites. As sludge has not been digested (except in Shenyang), odor may pose another concern during the transportation, which will bring adverse environmental impacts to the communities along the hauling routes. The potential environmental impacts will be minimized by using watertight trucks. The hauling routes and hours are carefully selected to avoid environmentally sensitive spots such as residential areas and business districts in urban centers. 10.4 Sludge pollution mitigation measures 10.4.1 Anti-filtration, drainage and methane escape Construction period Clay layer would be provided to cover the bottom and retaining walls of the landfill, with a minimum thickness of I m after compaction. The excavated soil will be used as fill and cover soil for the sludge. Bottom and side slope of the landfill site should be firmly compacted to ensure filtration coefficient not more than 10- cm/s. Operation period Leachate and methane escape pipelines pipe be laid with the completion of basic works. Landfill sludge will be compacted and each lift will be covered with clean and compacted soil before a new lift is placed on the top. 10.4.2 Leachate treatment Treatment process Dedicated leachate treatment works will be built Jinzhou and Shenyang sludge and municipal solid co-landfill site. The plant will adopt secondary biological treatment process and a flow diagram of the treatment plant is shown in Figure 10-7. Since the Yingkou landfill, Panjin sludge composting site and Shenyang sludge composting site are very close to their respective wastewater treatment plants, the leachate collected from these sites will be diverted back to the wastewater treatment plant for treatment. 10-13 Jan15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin WKide Table 10-7 Process flow of sludge leachate treatment ;3le f olIecil Wiw Condit | Ptimary Aeration Secondar tarik ump lng tan tank Lan Sludge thickeningtank i |Sludge pumpl Sludge dewatenrng sludge Landfill 10-14 Jan 5. 20 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 11 Environmental Impact Analysis of Construction Phase According to comparative survey and inherent characteristics of this project, major potential impacts in phase of construction may include: (1) air-borne dust; (2) noise; (3) traffic blocking; (4) domestic wastewater from construction staff; (5) spoil and construction waste; (6) land use; (7) transfer pipeline crossing Xiaoling River, Jinzhou City. In the case of Jinzhou, a pipeline will go across Xiaoling River to transfer wastewater to the proposed WwTP on the southern bank. Pipe jacking technique will be applied to ensure the pipeline can be constructed several meters below the riverbed without compromising the safety of the bank of Xiaoling River. Timing of construction is low flow period when there is no flow in the river course. Quality assurance will be paid more attention to during construction of the crossing pipeline to minimize the potential impact to a negligible degree. 11.1 The Impact Analysis of Air-borne Dust During the phase of construction, air-bome dust will be created by activities such as land leveling, piling, excavation, backfill, road construction, transportation, open stockpiling of material, loading/unloading, concrete mixing and so on. The air-bome dust will impose severe impact to surroundings in dry whether associating with strong wind. According to the findings of relevant investigation, operation of transportation vehicles is a major source for air-bome dust, accounting for 60% of the total amount, which is believed to have direct relation with road condition and running speed of vehicle. In normal condition, the extent to which the air-bome dust will impact is within 100 meters. The air-borne dust will be reduced by 70% by water spray on transportation road for 4-5 times per day. The table 1 -1 presents the results of water spray test on construction site. Tablell-1 The Resultsof WaterSpray Test Distance(m) l 5 l 20 l 50 100 TSP average No waterspray 10.14 _ 2.89 1.15 0.86 concentration/hour(mg/m 3) Water spray 2.01 1.40 | 0.67 0.60 The results in table 11-1 show that if water is sprayed 4-5 times per day, the air-borne dust will be controlled effectively and scope of TSP contamination will be reduced to 20-50m. The air-borne dust created by open stockpiling of material and concrete mixing are believed to be affected by wind speed. In this case, an effective measure to reduce air-borne dust is to halt mixing work in windy whether and controlling open stockpiling. Moreover, the amount of air-borne dust on road is related to the running speed of vehicles. The quicker, the larger. At the construction site, the running speed of vehicles must be limited in order to reduce the air-borne dust as well as to safeguard the construction staff. 11.2 The Impact Analysis of Noise in Phase of Construction Intensity of construction noise varies according to types of construction machine, construction I-I Oct. 24. 2000 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin WHide time, and terrain. Table 11-2 shows the noise intensity of major construction equipment: Table 11-2 The Noise Intensity of MajorConstruction Equipment NR. Constructionmachines Measured(dintensity Distanceof measurement(m) I Excavator 79 15 2 Road Roller 73 10 3 Earth Mover 75 15 4 Self-loadTruck 70 15 5 PunchingPile-driver 110 22 6 Drillingand ConcreteInjection 81 15 Machine 7 Static-PressurePile-Driver 80 15 8 ConcreteMixer 79 15 9 ConcreteVibrator 80 12 10 Elevator 72 15 Table I 1-2 has shown that noise intensity overlapping effect will emerge when several machines are operating at the same time. The overlapping effect will usually increase noise intensity by 3-8dB, lOdB at most, based on comparative study. Punching Pile Driver will produce the highest noise in terms of dB, that is IIOdB. And the noise produced by Concrete Vibrator, Static-pressure Pile Driver, and Drilling and Concrete Injection Machine is relatively high, all more than 80dB. The table 1 1-3 presents the attenuation of these mechanical noises with different distances from monitoring point. Table 11-3 The Attenuationof NoisesProduced by ConstructionMachines No. Constructionmachines | dB(A) _ =___ Distancefrom monitoringpoint (m) 55 60 65 70 75 85 l Excavator 190 120 75 40 22 2 PunchingPile-driver 1950 1450 1000 700 440 165 3 ConcreteVibrator 200 110 66 37 2 1 4 ConcreteMixer 190 120 75 42 25 _ 5 Elevator 80 44 25 14 10 Table 11-3 has shown that the mechanical noise can travel a long distance in an open space. The distance between the proposed construction sites and nearby villages is from 300 to 500 meters. The operating time of various construction machines should be scheduled reasonably. The big noisemaker such as pile drivers should be forbidden on nighttime. The noise created in different construction stages should be controlled based on the regulations of Noise Limit at Construction Site (GB 12523-90). 11.3 The Analysis of Impacts on Traffic in Construction Phase The construction will impose impacts on local traffic by increasing traffic flow and blocking the traffic resulting from road excavation. A large amount of cement, building materials, earth, stones and some mechanical equipment needs to be transported from different places to construction site. It certainly will cause traffic flow increase. The increased traffic flow will not put heavy pressure on local transportation due to the existing condition is quite good in the five project cities. However the wastewater conveyance pipeline will interrupt the local transportation when 11-2 Oct.24.200 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide crossing the traffic facilities. The impact will become worse unless the units responsiblefor construction carefully design and manage a construction schedule. The impact could be avoided or minimized by provision of temporary access and digging on one side when constructionon road; pipe jacking techniquewould be applied to pipeline constructionwhen crossingrailway and highway,rush hour should be avoided. 11.4 The Impact Analysis of Domestic Sewage Produced by Constructors The domestic sewage produced by constructors is a main water pollution source during construction period. In different construction stages, the quantities of constructors are different.Normally there are hundredsof people. Assumingwater consumptionper capita is 1001/d,the average BOD5 will be 50g/hd/d and the average CODcr will be 60g/hd/d. The amount of domestic sewage is calculated at 80% of water consumption.Tablel2-4 presents the dischargeof pollutants and domesticsewage from constructorsper day in the five project cities in constructionpeak. Tablell4 Dischargeof Pollutantsand DomesticSewage fromConstructor The quantityof Water Dischargeof BOD, CODcr ProjectCity constructors consumption domesticsewage (kg/d) (kgfd) (maximum) (t/d) (t/d) Shenyang 500 50.0 40.0 25.0 30.0 Panjin 1200 20.0 16.0 10.0 12.0 Jinzhou 200 20.0 16.0 10.0 12.0 g Yingkou 200 20.0 16.0 10.0 12.0 If the domestic sewage discharges directly to ground, it will contaminate the local water environment. So temporary toilets, septic tanks, and oil separating and sedimentation tanks in dining rooms should be constructed. The domestic sewage should be treated at source so as to reduce the impact on receiving water. 11.5 The Impact Analysis of Spoil and Construction Waste 11.5.1 WastewaterTreatment Plant & PumpingStation According to the analysis on topography and elevation of the proposed construction sites, it is found that a large amount of earthwork will be needed. The designed elevation is higher than current one, which need considerable earth for site leveling. The amounts of earth needed to be transported from other sources for the 5 project cities are: Shenyang 700,000m3 , Panjin 100,000m3, Jinzhou 87,000m3 and Yingkou 100,000m3. These amounts of earth and stones will be purchased. The spoil will not be generated if the exact need for earth is determined. The earth would be punched tightly on site to control the potential erosion of soil. 11.5.2 Pipeline About I million m3 spoil is estimated to be generated in the process of pipeline laying down. Uncontrolled disposal of the spoil will cause erosion of soil and severe air-borne dust. When the construction site is near watercourse, the activity of dumping spoi] in watercourse should be forbidden in order to protect flood from blocking. The spoil should be managed carefully. Some disposal actions should be taken timely such as backfilling, cleaning and transporting, disposal on an designated site or the spoil could be transported to the construction site for backfill. After calculation, the spoil can not meet the need for backfill, leaving 180,000 m3 deficit. 11-3 Oct. 24. 200 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide The construction waste comprises goods package, packing case, piece of wood and waste cement casting piece. If these construction wastes cannot be disposed of appropriately, they will harm environment. So the disposal of the construction waste should be carefully managed. Firstly, some waste should be collected for reuse; secondly, the construction waste should be collected to a designated site will be used for backfill. In the later stage of construction phase, the construction waste should be collected in a timely manner for landfill. The domestic waste of constructors should be disposed of in the same way of construction waste. 11.6 The Impact Analysis of the Use of Lands 11.6.1 The Situation of Land Occupation This project typically occupies land both temporarily and permanently. The proposed WwTP and pumping station will occupy land permanently, construction of pipeline will temporarily occupy land. The area for permanent land use is 0.8959 million m2 and for temporary use is 2.28 million m2 in this project as a whole Details see Table 11-5. Table 11-5 Summary of Land Occupation unit: 10.000 m2 WastewaterTreatment Plant 89.59 Permanent Pumping Station 1.96 Total 91.55 Temporarv 228 Total 3 19.55 11.6.1.1 Temporary Land Occupation The area of temporary land use is 2.28 million m2. The wastewater conveyance pipeline will be laid down under the roads. In urban area the road is surrounded by houses and a few agricultural lands. It is estimated that about 30% of pipeline laying work will occupy agricultural land temporarily. The total area of temporary use of agricultural land is 680,000 m2. In the four cities, the pipelines will go through 20 villages in which about l0x109 m2 agriculture lands are existing. The temporary use of agricultural land is 680,000 I2, accounting for 0.07% of the total. All in all, temporary use of agricultural land is expected to impose minor impact to the agricultural land. The agricultural land for temporary use could be recovered after short-term pipeline work. 11.6.1.2 The Permanent Land Occupation It can be seen from table 1 1-5 that the area of permanent land use for WwTP is the largest compared with that for other structures, which accounts for 98% of the total. All of these lands for permanent purpose are agriculture land. Tablel 1-6 presents the changes of the area of agricultural land before and after project in the five cities. 114 Oct.24. 200 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin WIde Table 11-6 Change of Agricultural Land by the Project Unit: 10 thousand m2 . Shevyang Panjin Jinzlou Yingkou Before' After Before After Before After Before I After Area of farn 7 State-owned marginal land 2 6 5 I21 71l43 664 3 land Occu. rate 20 16 7 Village Xiaoyu Xiyue Dishuihu Xipaotai N am e______Footprintof 55 10.19 10.0( 5.0 o 14.40 WwTP 1.9farmland)140 Note:lBefore and After means before and afterproject Table 1 1-6 shows that the agricultural land will be considerably reduced by the project. The ratios of agricultural land reduction are: Shenyang (20%), Panjin (16%), Jinzhou (7%), and Yingkou (0%) due to it will occupy state-owned marginal land. It is envisaged that the pernanent land use in the three project cities will change the area of agricultural land significantly. I11-5 Oct 4. 2000 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentImpact AssessmentReport-Basin Pride 12. Volume Control of Pollutant Discharge and Comparison of" With and Without" Project Scenario 12.1 VolumeControl of PollutantDischarge 12.1.1 Principle for Volume Control (1) Principle of pollutant concentration and volume control. The pollutant discharge should meet the concentration control standard before undergoing volume control standard; (2) The volume control factors and objective should comply with the related requirements set out by State, Province and Municipality; (3) Volume control and regulatory method should be consolidated. 12.1.2 The General Objective of Pollutant Volume Control within Liao River Basin The objective of the "Ninth-five Year Plan and 2010 Long-term Program for Water Pollution Control and Abatement in Liao River Basin" which has been approved by the State Council (File No.: 22(1999) is: all drinking water resource of cities and towns shall meet Class II water quality standard of surface water, all rivers that water quality is below Class V will be eliminated in 2000; The function objective of water environment will be achieved basically in 2005; all water quality of watercourse within Liao River basin will be further improved, the all function objective of water environment will be achieved in 2010, to assure water resource may be utilized sustainably. Under general objective of water quality and pollutant volume control of rivers and their cross sections related to this project are presented in table 12-1 Table 12-1 The Control Objective of Water Quality and Pollutant Volume within Liao River Basin Water quality Allowable discharge of Reducing discharge No. River/section target COD of COD ______2005 2010 JJ~~tn/a)(t / ) ______2010 _2005 2005 2010 2005 2010 1 Hun river/Yujiafang IV IV 31972 31548 19881 6888 2 aliao o IV IV 11771 11625 5000 1361 riverfYongyuani iao 3 Shuangtaizi nver IV III 9909 8460 519 497 /Zhaoquanhe I I__ According to tablel2-1, in order to achieve the objective of water quality improvement in Shenyang and Yingkou, from the current state of Over -Class V to targeted Class IV, the CODcr volume must be reduced by a wide margin. It will be an arduous work that the reduction rate would be 38.5% and 29.8% for the two cities in 2005 respectively. The water quality at Zhaoquanhe cross section of Shuangtaizi River in Panjin will meet Class V of surface water in 2005, and Class III in 2010. Under this target, the volume of CODcr to be reduced is 519 ton/a in 2005, the reduction rate is 5.0%; in 2010 the volume of CODcr to be reduced is 497 ton/a, reduction rate is 5.5%. 12.1.3 Volume Control Factor and Recommended Objective 12.1.3.1 Volume Control Factor 12-1 Jan. 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentImpact AssessmentReport-Basin Wide According to requirements of volume control by the State, Province and project Municipal Governemnts, in consideration of specific situation of the project cities, five factors under three categories have been selected for this project. Details see Table 12-2. Table 12-2 Discharge Volume Control Factor No. Category Factor Remark 1 Wastewater CODcr National and provincial control factor _2 Waste gas SO2 Dust National and provincial control factor 3 wasteSolid Solid3 waste Slag, Sludge activatedSludge include sludge screenings, grit and waste 12.13.2The proposed objective for volume control The proposed project object for discharge volume control had been determined according to discharge volume control basis and principal, process, equipment and selected method for reducing pollutants, detail see Table 12-3. Table 12-3 The Proposed Target for Pollutant Volume Control No. Pollutant Category Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yinekou Total I C(°aODcr Allowable limit 29200 3650 3650 3650 40150 (tla) (m,/a)_____ Volume to be 111544 9125 10580 12045 143299 reduced %reduction 79.2 71.4 74.4 76.7 78.1 2 so, Allowable limit 13.9 28.8 16.0 12.9 71.6 (t/a) (m i/a)______ Volume to be 32.4 - 12.9 45.3 reduced %reduction 70 - - 50 38.7 3 Dust (fa) Allowable limit 9.70 6.61 4.80 2.88 23.99 Dust tla) (M 3Ia)______Volume to be 184.3 87.9 75.2 96.0 443.4 reduced______%reduction 95 93 94 97 94.8 4 Slag (t/a) Allowable limit 611 454 336 340 1741 Slagt/a) m3/a)____ 5 Total solid Allowable limit 204138 29200 29200 29200 291738 (m.4/a) ______Waste content(%) 77 75 75 80 - 6 Sludge Allowable limit 180595 23725 24455 24820 253595 (m 3/a) ______ content(%) 80 75 80 80 - Grit Allowable limit 17520 1825 1095 730 21170 (113/a) ______Water 60 60 60 60 content(%) screenings Allowable limit 6023 3650 3650 3650 16973 Wa_t_e_r 80 80 80 80 - 12-2 Jan.15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-B ash, Wide The Table 12-3 presents: it is suggested that the volume control would be focusing on five factors such as COD,r etc.: the annual allowable discharge volume of CODC,is 40150 tones, the volume to be reduced should be 143,299 tones(reduction rate is 78.1%); the annual allowable discharge volume of SO2 is 71.6 tones, the volume to be reduced should be 45.3 tones (reduction rate is 38.7%); annual allowable discharge volume of dust is 23.99 tones, the volume to be reduced should be 443.4 tones(reduction rate is 94.8%); annual allowable discharge volume of solid waste: slag of coal-combustion boiler is 1741 tones; sludge, grit and screenings is 291738 tones total, including: sludge253,595 tones, accounting for 86.9% of allowable discharge volume for solid waste; grit 21170 tones, accounting for 7.2%; screenings 16,973 tones, accounting for 5.8%. 12.2 Comparison of " With and Without Project" The four WwTPs are deemed as a significant phase approaching the overall objective of Laio River Basin water clean up. The " with and without project " scenarios analysis and comparison would provide a concise justification for the project. 12.2.1 Impact to the city river sections Table 12-4 presents the affect of the scenarios to the river sections in the four cities. Table 124 Comparison of " with and without project" in COD Load of the four cities ______Unit: t/a city Sheryang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou With project 129200 3650 3650 3650 Without project 1140744 12775 14235 15695 Load reduction 1111544 9125 10585 12045 Reduction rate (%) [ 79 71 74 77 12.2.2 Impact to each water quality control cross section in the basin Table 12-5 presents the quantified impact to each water quality control cross section in the basin. Table 12-5 Comparison of COD load in the water quality control cross sections in Liao River Basin Unit: tla City Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou With project 94280.2 123698.92 1202.63 193779.2 Without project 205824.2 21493.92 11787.63 205824.2 Load reduction 111544 9125 10585 12045 Reduction rate (%) 54.19 42.45 89.79 5.85 It can be seen from the tables that the project will bring enormous environmental benefit to the basin. 12-3 ,Jan. 5, 2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentalImpact Assessment Report - Basin Wide 13 Analysis of Potential Impact and Risk Assessment 13.1 Analysis of Potential Impact Analysis of potential impact was done in order to master the potential environmental problems possibly occurring, based on the forecast and assessment of environment impact of this project. 13.1.1 Type of potentialenvironment impact The project of wastewater treatment scheme will bring positive impacts to the environment. However potential negative impacts will occur if the project is not designed, constructed and managed carefully. The potential environmental impacts are listed in Table 13-1 based on investigation and analysis on similar projects. Table 13-1 Potential Environmental Impact Tyeof \impact Directpositive Direct negative Indirectpositive Indiregt Impct \impact impact impact negative Factor \ ______im pact Effluentquality meet the 9 standard _ Accidental discharge Uncontrolled stockpilingof sludge Blockage/ leakage of sewer network Releaseof volatile matter in operationof WwTPs Note: 0--senous impact s-medium impact 0-minor impact 13.1.2 Potential Environment Impact The potential environment impacts shown in Table 13-1 are evaluated in a qualitative manner based on the experience of a similar operating municipal wastewater treatment plant at Jizhuangzi in Tianjin City, as described in table 13-2. 13 - Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table 13-2 PotentialEnvironment Effects Potential impact Probabity of Extentof impact Environmentaleffect occurrence______Effluent quality MRiver downstream of the Gradually improve the water mfeetthe qutdaly More than 95% outfalws quality of river downstream mneetthe standard outfalls of the outfalls Accidental River downstream of the Worsenwater quality in short discharge Extremelylow outfalls time Uncontrolledor If design Contaminate groundwater, Uncontrolled If design or Area neighboringthe sites endangerthe public health, or stockpiling of management is of sludge stockpiling even result in contamination sludge poor by toxicantand pathogen Blockagc / leakage Area neighboring Contaminate groundwater Bockaewe leakage Extremelylow rea and endanger the public of sewerpipeline interceptingsystem health Release of volatile Area neighboring WwTP Affectthe public health matter in operation Often opposite to wind direction of W wTP______ 13.2 Risk Assessment 13.2.1 Analysis of impacts for accidental discharging There are many treatment units and elements in the process of wastewater treatment. If some of them do not work properly, system broken-down or accidents may occur. The wastewater treatment plant will not achieve the desired objectives under these circumstances and will lead to accidental discharging of untreated or not fully treated wastewater. According to operation experience of similar wastewater treatment plants in China, accidents may occur and the consequences may be: * that the wastewater can't be treated at all, resulting complete by-passing and direct discharge of raw sewage into the receiving water; and * that primary treatment is working but bio-chemical treatment units are malfunctioning. Therefore, the effluent receives only partial treatment. According to relevant Chinese standards (GB8978-96), Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standards, when accidents occur at a municipal WwTP, the maximum allowed COD is not to exceed 500mg'1 if the WwTP is totally paralyzed or not to exceed 300 gm/I if the WwTP is partially functional. In these situations, water quality models described in Chapter 5 were used to project surface water quality in the receiving water bodies. The main factors considered in the models included as treatment capacities of the proposed WwTP, wastewater strength (COD concentrations) in the incoming, raw wastewater, natural water flows available for dilution, surface water quality upstream from the discharge outfalls, as well as the natural decay of the waste in the receiving waters. The hydrological parameters of river sections and water quality model used for prediction and analysis are described in Chapter 5 of this report. The prediction results for each receiving water under normal and accidental situations are shown in Table 13-3. 13 - 2 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Table 13-3 Impact on river waster quality by different operating condition of WwTP Name of WwTP Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Yuliangpu Xinglongtai Chengbei WwTP Type of discharge WwTP WwTP WwTP WwTP Dischargeflow (x 1000 t/d) 800 100 100 100 Receivingwater body Xi nver Pangxie ditch Xiaoling Daliao river I nv~~~~ler Normal Operation COD in effluent(mg/1) 100 100 100 100 COD in receivingwater (mg/I) 28.6 115.5 37.58 26.2 Accident Discharge COD in untreatedeffluent (mg/1) 482 350 390 430 COD in receivingwater (mg/1) 133 335.7 95.6 42.3 COD in partiallytreated effluent 300 300 300 300 (mg/I) COD in receivingwater (mg/I) 85.9 287.7 94 65.5 Note: the predictionswere madeat downstreamwatercourse, 3.0 km away from the outfalls in Xiaolingnver, Daliao river, and Pangxie ditch, and the latter is a small discharge canal. The prediction for Xi River was done at the location where it flows into the Hun River (about 80 km from the discharge outfall). As shown in Table 13-3 above, impact on the receiving waterbodies in the four cities under accidental discharge situations is significant. The modeled data show that COD concentrations in all receiving waters would be substantially increased compared with those when the WwTPs are functioning normally. The result of the accidental discharges is for the surface water to greatly exceed the Category V surface water quality standard. In some situations such as Xi river in Shenyang, the high COD concentrations persist over 80 km because of the very limited dilution capacity from the natural river flow upstream from the effluent discharge outfall. The accidental discharge will considerably increase the pollution load to the receiving waterbody, causing serious water pollution. The large increase in pollution loads to the receiving waters is because the untreated wastewater which is not discharge in numerous outfalls over a certain distance along the receiving waters will be discharged at a single location. This would result in a single large shock load to the rivers at the discharging points and areas immediately downstream, causing severe pollution of water quality in these areas. Attention should be drawn to avoid such accidents from happening. But the accidental discharge of totally untreated wastewater rarely occurs, because the primary treatment units in front of the biological process are quite stable in a municipal WwTP. The treatment facilities in WwTP can deal with certain amount of shock loads and there is also some standby equipment and capacity. These would reduce the probability of accidental discharges. In fact, the greatest risk causing discharges of totally untreated raw wastewater may not be technically related. Failures of power supply to the treatment plant, insufficient funding to support plant operation, policy shift and so on are all real concems. When these situations occur, there could be prolonged discharges of totally untreated wastewater to the receiving environment. As described above, because of the single discharge location of large quantities 13-3 Jan J5. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide of wastewater from the plants, there will be a greater impact to water quality in the receiving rivers than the scenario of without the project. The receiving water at the treatment outfalls and the areas immediately downstream from there will be senrous polluted as the modeled results demonstrate in Table 13-3. The most effective to prevent the total non-functioning of the WwTPs from non-technical reasons is that the relevant authorities, including the municipal governments of the project cities must be very supportive to the WwTP operations. A high priority must be given to the WwTP, thus protection of the rivers in project areas, when it comes to power supply, funding allocations and other situations where many sectors may compete for limited resources in municipal systems. Without such supports and priority considerations, it would be very difficult achieve the water quality and environmental protection goals and objectives, even with this multi billion RMB project. 13.2.2 Analysis of discharge in sewer accident Through investigation of accidents in similar wastewater treatment plants in China, the sewer accidental discharges are usually caused by: * Pipeline cracking a Power failure or poorly planned repair and maintenance of pump stations, or replacement of pipelines. The pipe cracking is usually resulted from carelessly digging and excavation by other municipal projects or settlement of the foundation. These accidents will lead to wastewater conveyance difficulties, sharply reduction of wastewater flows, discharges of raw wastewater into rivers and other surface water bodies nearby, and infiltration of raw wastewater into the ground and contamination of groundwater. All of those will impact on the environrment seriously. Emergency response teams should be established to promptly detect and repair such pipeline damages and reduce the leakage. In recent years, reinforced concrete pipes or culverts are mostly used in sewer works, the probability of such accidents is thus very low. There is no report about such accidents in the province to date. However, preparation and careful planning should still be given to prevent such accidents, in order to minimize possible adverse environment impacts thus caused. The power supply failure seldom occurs, as the local power networks have been improved greatly in recent years and become much more reliable than before. However the sewerage overflow due to repairing pump stations or replacement/connection of linking sewers occurs more often. According to statistics for municipal sewer accidents in some cities of China, the accidental discharges total 3-5 days/year, and accidental discharge volume is less than 1% of the total wastewater flow in the system. Because the discharge is often concentrated in a short period during accident, it will affect receiving waterbody in the immediately adjacent areas. It is easy to determine the river section affected by accidental discharge according to location and route of pipes, and thus plan accordingly. Repair work and replacement of pipework and pumping stations should be carefully planned and scheduled to be concentrated in maintenance time of enterprises or low wastewater flow in the service areas as much as possible. Temporary bypassing sewers should be installed to minimize sewerage overflow in order to reduce environment impact. 13.23 Impact analysis of uncontrolled sludge stockpiling Sludge from dewatering operation needs to be stockpiled temporarily before final disposal. An on-site shed or an open within the treatment plants have been incorporated into the design for this project to accommodate a seven-day sludge storage. In order to avoid sludge leachate pollution to the groundwater, stockpiling area should be provided with lining facilities and 13- 4 Jan15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide built in a walled structure. There will be no sludge digestion unit in these WwTPs in short term, except Shenyang Xiaoyucun WwTP. Because instabilityof sludge without digestion and rich organic content,the sludge willbe decomposedby microorganism,and generate odor such as H2S and mercaption,as well as pathogen and parasite. All of those will affect the environment and sanitation condition of the plant seriously. Another situation is that the sludge may be tipped somewherebecause of traffic accident during transportation. This will lead to, to some degree, impact to surface water, groundwater,atmosphere and sanitation condition at locationof tipping. Disposal of sludge to a landfill will reduce lifetime of the existing landfill site. If anti- filtration layer fails or punched by landfill mechanical equipment, sludge leachate will infiltrate and pollute groundwater and other hydraulicallyconnected surface water. If the sludge has not been covered with clear soil regularly, it will generate odor and contaminate the environment.These risks will be reduced through quality design and constructionworks and well trained staff in facilityoperations. 13 - 5 awn*.. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 14 Mitigation Measures to Adverse Environmental Impact 14.1 Mitigation Measures in Construction Period Adverse environmental impact during the construction period results from dust emissions, noise, exhaust gas of construction vehicles, drainage from construction sites, spoil and construction solid waste. According to local environmuentalcharacteristics, existing economic and technical conditions in the project cities, proposed alternative mitigation measures and the potential scope of impact, specific countermeasures has been developed for these cities. Details is listed in the table 14-1. Table 14-1 Mitigation measures duringconstruction period to minimizeadverse environmental impact Measureand countermeasurefor No. Affectedaspects Adverse impactof environmentalprotection sources Air-bome dust * Sprey water on the construction roads to emission: prevent air-bomedust emission; * Air * Construction * To limit transportationvehicle speed; environment vehicles * To decrease building materials in open . Building stockpiling,in particular,cement etc.; materials open * To be covered in strong windy weather, * Public health stacks * To forbid construction in strong windy * Loading and weather; unloading, * To operate in workshop if condition concrete mixing permits; * Exhaust: from * Exhaust gas should meets discharge transportation standard. vehicles, etc. * To use low noise-making mechanical * Acoustic Noise: equipment; environment * To arrange loud noise-making mechanical 2 * Construction equipment operate as far as possible away machinery from residential areas; * Public health * To prohibit operation of loud noise-making * Construction equipment, such as pile driver etc , after vehicles 22:00; * Public living * To carefully arrange operation schedule of mechanical equipment; * To control the use of the vehicle horn; * To forbid vehicles from passing through residential areas after 22:00. * To optimize the routes for transportation to * Traff * Increase number avoid trunk roads; 3 trnfal o of vehicles * To reasonably arrange transportation transportation during the schedule to avoid traffic peak; construction * To decrease construction period; period * To minimize road occupation during pipeline construction. * Construction of the pipe network . ______occupies roads 14-1 JanI5. 20.L Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide No.No, Affectedaspects Adverse impactof Measureenvironmentaland countermeasure.forprotection * To minimize temporaryroad occupation; * Land Construction of 4 occupation convey network, * To concentrate full effort to shorten WwTP, and pumping constructionperiod; * Vegetation stations * To recover vegetation destroyed at the end reduction of constructionphase; * To backfill earth in compliance with specifications. * To constructtemporary septic tanks; 5 Water Drainage from * To treat the drainage from dining-room enviroWnent constructionsite with measures such as oil separating and sedementsiiontanks; * To forbid wastewater from being directly dischargedinto surface water; * To maximize backfill excess earth during * Landscape construction period and forbid spoil from Construction and being deposedof in discretion; 6 * Ecological domesticsolid waste * To assort solid waste and controlled in environment designatedsite; * To carefully depose of solid waste in the designatedplaces. 14.1.1 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact of air-borne dust During the project construction period, the air-borne dust generated from operation of vehicles account for more than 60% of the total dust volume. The air-borne dust is caused by a combined factors such as road condition, running speed of vehicle and weather. So the first mitigation measure to reduce air-borne dust is to spray water on the site and roads 4 to 5 times per day, which will reduce air-borne dust by about 70% and control dust impacted range within 20-50m. In addition, the speed of transportation vehicles must be strictly limited on construction sites, to reduce the quantity of dust produced. On the construction sites, in windy weather, uncontrolled open stockpiling of building materials will bring air-borne dust. So some powder-materials such as cement has at better to be stored in temporary storehouse, otherwise, the open stockpiling site should be enclosed with one entrance for vehicles so as to prevent air-borne dust. If raining, the powder-materials must be covered so as to prevent it from be washed out by rainstorm to pollute environment. The dust emission quantity during loading and unloading of building materials and concrete stirring operation is decided by wind speed. So it is an effective method that the dust-making equipment should not be operated in windy weather. The vehicles which transport powder-materials such as cement should be covered to prevent wind blown dust during transportation period. In addition, another important measure to prevent dust emission is to strengthen construction management on the sites. The site should be enclosed, transportation route should be carefully designed and construction site should be kept clean. 14.1.2 Mitigation measures to noise impact The noise intensity varies from different sources. timing and construction activities, The 14-2 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide highest intensity noise is from impulse pile driver and second is concrete vibrator, static pressure pile driver, drilling bottling machine etc. So the main mitigation measures to the noise impact during construction period are as follows: To strictly control and reasonably arrange the operation schedule for all sorts of equipment. The loud noise-making equipment such as static pile driver should be forbidden after 22:00 and should be supervised according to the requirement defined in the State "Noise Value Limit on Construction Site Boundary"; * The low noise-making equipment should be prefered when purchasing equipments; * To arrange loud noise-making equipment far away from the site boundary and residential areas to minimize the affected scope on construction site; * To strictly control the hom of transportation vehicles and carefully select a transportation route that avoids cultural areas, commercial areas and residential areas, in which vehicles will be forbidden from passing through after 22:00. Through the above mitigation measures, the noise impact for acoustic environment and residential areas during construction period will be minimized to an acceptable level. 14.13 Mitigation measures to adverse impact on water environment It is necessary to adopt an effective measure to treat the construction drainage, otherwise it will pollute the surface and underground water of the site. The sewage of construction site results from dining room and sanitary facilities. So we should respectively treat the sewage at source. The sewage from dining room and sanitary facilities should be pre-treated in oil separating tank and septic tank before discharge. The sewage should be forbidden from being directly discharged into surface water. The above mitigation measures can alleviate the environment and watercourse pollution by the construction drainage. 14.1.4 Mitigation measures to traffic impact The potential adverse impact resulting form increaed traffic flow during construction period and construction work on public road will block up the traffic. In order to minimize the adverse traffic impact during construction period, the measures adopted are as follows: * Firstly to strictly control construction vehicles to reduce traffic impact source; * Secondly to carefully design transportation schedule and routes to avoid the rush hour; * To apply pipe jacking technique when pipeline construction cross trunk road; * To clear and transport away the excess earth and material in timely manner so as to keep the site clean and traffic smooth; * To minimize construction time to reduce traffic adverse impact. Through the above measures, the adverse impact to local traffic could be minitnized. 14.1.5. Mitigation measures to other adverse impact During the project construction period, pipe work need to temporarily occupy and excavate land, this could damage vegetation and cause soil erosion. So during the project construction, we should consider: Firstly, to carefully determine pipeline alignment to minimize farmland occupation; 14-3 Jan IS 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide * Secondly, to strictly manage the construction by respectively stockpiling the excavated earth to keep the original soil layers alone, and backfill the earth by specifications; (That is to say, to minimize the impact to agricultural land, construction activities will be restricted to a designated way. Topsoil will be carefully removed and temporarily stored on a stockpile. Surplus excavated material will be removed and disposed to designated tips. Backfill will be carefully controlled to reinstate the soil structure to its original condition as far as is reasonably practicable. Topsoil will also be carried out to maintain the same soil characteristics. ) * Thirdly, to recover the damaged vegetation at the end of construction period. The earth coverage percentage of vegetation should not smaller than the original one. The excess earth during the project construction should be strictly managed and backfilled to extent possible. The spoil should be transported to designated place by related departments or landfill site. The adverse impact to landscape and ecological enviromnent will be minimized. The domestic solid waste produced during the construction phase should be collected and regularly transported to municipal solid waste disposal site or places designated by governmental department. 14.2 Mitigation measures to adverse environmentalimpact during operation phase The adverse environmental impact during the project norrnal operation mainly results from odour, SO2, smoke and dust, solid waste such as sludge etc, equipment noise and effluent. So the measures developed in table 14-2 below is expected to minimize the adverse environmental impact. Table 14-2 Mitigationmeasures to adverseenvironmental impacts during operationphase No Pollutant Measures Remarks * The screeningsfrom coarse screens should be packaged for transportationto landfillsite; Screenings, * The screeningsfrom fine screens and grit removal should Preventing I grit be transportedto sanitary landfill; secondary sedimented * To be incineratedin domesticsolid waste site; pollution * To landfill in municipalsolid waste site; Sludge(80% * To be incineratedin domesticsolid waste site; Preventing 2 water content) * Composting; secondary * To be admixedinto buildingmaterials, pollution * Water-tightautomobiles; Preventing 3 Sludge * To scientificallyarrange the transportationroute to avoid secondary transportation the trunk roads and rush hour; pollution * To be used as material for road construction and Slag from maintenance; 4 boiler * To be used as buildingmaterials; * To be stockpiledin appointed place; * Using flocculationdeodorizer to weaken odour; * To transportdewatered sludge in a timely manner so as to reduce sludge quantityof temporarystockpiling; * To control sludge fermentation in thickener by strengtheningoperating management; 5 awful odor * To sprinkle deodorizeron the surface of water to weaken 14-4 ,Jan15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impacl Assessment Report-Basin Wide No Pollutant Measures Remarks * To install mechanicalventilation equipment, the height of chemneyis 15m; * The main odour sources such as aeration tanksand sludge tanks should be arranged far away from residentialareas and be located downstream of the prevailing wind direction; * To plant trees, flowers and grass with function for absorbing awful odour. * To install the equipmentfor sulfurand dust removal. * To limit the use of coal with with high content of sulfur SO2, smoke and ash. The height of chemneyshould fit the stipulated 6 and dust height. * To strengtfien management; * To use low noise-makingequipment; * To install isolation booths and covers for loud noise - making equipment; * To install equipmentwith cushionto weakenthe noise; 7 Noise * To reasonably layout and arrange loud noise sources as far as possible away from residential areas and close to the WwTP boundary; * The construction sewage should be discharged into the WwTP; * Industrialwastewater dischargedto the seweragesystem should achieve required discharge standards in terrmsof Pb, Cd, As and Hg; 8 Sewage * To strengthen technical training for WwTP staff and develop operation and management regulations to prevent the pollutionby mistakenoperation; 9 solid waste * To be transportedto municipalsolid waste site. 14.2.1 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by solid waste The solid waste during the project construction results from: * Screenings and grit and sludge. It has the characteristics of a great of quantity, high water content and contains heavy metal and organic matter. So how to depositing and disposing a great of solid waste is the key issue of the WwTP; * Slag of boiler; * Domestic solid waste during the project construction. 14.2.1.1 Mitigation measures to adverse impact by solid waste from the WwTP Because of the screenings, grit removal and sludge with different constituents and characteristics, so we should adopt different measures to dispose of the solid waste, referring to domestic and foreign typical pollution control methods and considering geographical environment and economic condition and pollution control progress in each of the municipalities. (l) Pollution control measures for screenings The screenings from coarse screens should be crushed by muller and then packaged for landfill. 14-5 JanuL1.2Q00 Liao River BasinProject Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide The screenings with 80% water content from fine screens has a quantity of 18,798t/a and should be treated together with the sludge. In stockpiling site, the leachate could pollute the environment, so collection system and retention structures are needed to prevent the pollution. (2) Pollution control measures of grit The aeration tanks will remove grit of 21,170t/a with 60% water content and little organic matter. The grit should be dewatered in degriting chamber and to be disposed of together with screenings and sludge. (3) Sludge pollution control measures Sludge pollution control measures refer to Chapter 10 of this report. 14.2.1.2Pollution control measures for the slag from boiler During the WwTP operation, the boiler would produce 1741t/a slag, which should be used as building materials for construction of road or be stored on the 3ite designated by related govemment department. 14.2.1.3Domestic solid waste pollution control measures The domestic solid waste during the WwTP normal operation should be assorted on site and transported to municipal solid waste site. 14.2.2 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by waste gas 14.2.2.1 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by odor The odour released during the WwTP operation comes from the microbial digestion process of organic matter in wastewater under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The deleterious gas mainly contains NH3, H2 S, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide and trimethylamine. The odoursource is mainly the sludge dewatering room, sludge thickener and aeration degriting tank. The odour usually effected by wastewater quality, wastewater treatment process, dissolved oxygen content, sludge quantity, air temperature, wind speed and direction, etc. So we should adopt the comprehensive measures such as active pollution control action, strengthening management and reasonable arrangement to minimize the adverse impact of awful odour to inhabitants and environment around the plants. (1) Control of odor 3 Using flocculation deodorizer which contains FeSO4 , Fe(SO4)3 and Fe2 or Fe + to react with H2 S to make sulfide in order to prevent odor. Less acidulous odor from aeration degritting tanks and sludge thickeners should be weakened with deodorizer sprayed on the surface of the wastewater. Strong acidulous odor from sludge thickeners and primary sedimentation tanks, which has large area, should be weakened with deodorizer sprayed at the upstream of the prevailing wind direction. (2) Odor control measures for sludge dewatering chamber In sludge dewatering chamber with a great of sludge and larger area, adopting mechanical ventilating measure, and installing chimney more than 20 meters high. Strengthening operation management and strict controlling the sludge output, cleanup and transportation sludge in time to minimize the sludge depositing. 14-6 Jan 15.12001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide (3) Reasonable arranging structures to minimize the adverse impact of odor The main odor sources (structures) such as sludge dewatering room and thickeners and aeration degritting tank should be arranged far away from residential areas and the zones requiring high level standard environment and downstream or side of the prevailing wind direction. It is better to have these structLres covered to minimize the adverse environmental impact of odor around the WwTP. At the same time, the office and domestic zone and sludge treatment zone should be separated by green belt and arranged upstream or side of the prevailing wind direction. (4) Odor control measures in the WwTP To plant trees and aiphyllium with characteristics of absorbing awful odor especially at downstream of the prevailing wind direction to make green belt around the WwTP; to plant climbers on the top of the roofs of workshops; to design flower parterres to make the plant more beauty. The special characteristics of the plants are in table 14-3 below. Table 14-3 The special characteristics of the plant Sort of the trees Characteristic Impact for environment Maidenhairtree Cold resistance Absorbing poisonous gases and killing bacteria Acciyresistance Protecting environment and absorbing Acacia Cold and dry poisonousgases Chinesepine Cold and dry resistance,evergreen Preventingwind and dust environment and absorbing Locusttree Cold resistanceposnugaeLocuttre ColdreiProtecting _ _ ~~poisonousgases Hankowwillow Cold and wet resistance Absorbingpoisonous gases Weepingwillow wet resistance Absorbingpoisonous gases (5) Sanitation Protection Zone As much as possible within protection zone which is designed according to a combination of factors of geographical, environmental and residential conditions of each of municipal WwTPs plant trees and evergreen silvaes to make a green buffer zone to minimize the adverse environmental impact. Within the sanitation protection zone of the WwTPs, construction of houses would be forbidden and the existing inhabitants would be moved away to avoid the adverse impact of awful odor from the WwTPs. 14.2.2.2Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by SO2, smoke and dust The coal combustion boiler house in each of the project municipal WwTPs is designed to suppliy steam and heating power for treatment process. During the WwTP operation, SO2, smoke and dust from boiler houses would pollute environment, harming atmospheric quality, crop growth and public health around the WwTPs. In consideration of the current conditions of environment and resource of each of the project municipalities, some measures such as pollution treatment and control has been designed: (1) Phosphorous and dust removal measures It is must to install phosphorous and dust removal equipment. Adopting different phosphorous 14-7 Jian15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide and dust removal measure to treat the flue gas from the boiler house because different coal contains different content of sulfur and ash. The smoke and dust treated should be released through chimney at carefully designed height. The treatment measures are listed in table 14-4 below. Table 14-4 The phosphorous and dust removal measures for boiler houses Dust Phosphorous Height removal removal Standard of rNas cNy Boiler measure measureand compliance chimney Remarks type and efficiency efficiency (m) Porcelain dust DW2.8 catcher Gitoe,haIng fo I Shenyang MW, 2 with Grid tower, heatig, I boilers several >70% yes 35 for pipes, processing >95% Porcelain dust 1 catcher 2 Panjin boiler, with Yes 30 For heating 2 t/h several -Ys3 o etn pipes, >95% Porcelain dust catcher 3 Jinzhou 14MW with Yes 30 For heating several- pipes, >95% DGF high I efficiency 4 Yingkou boiler, dust Sync, >50% Yes 30 2t/h catcher, ______~~1>97% 1 (2) Strengthening coal consumption management In order to minimize the pollution, it needs to control the content of SO2, smoke and dust, and use the coal which has low sulfur and, ash content according to the regulations stipulated by correlative department. It is suggested to use the coal listed in table 14-5 below. Tablel4-5 The sorts and contentof suggestedcoal Sort and main contentof coal in Sort and main contentof N) City report coal suggested Remarks Requirement I Shenyang Mixed coal: A=27%, S=0.8% Mixedcoal: A24%, by IS<0.8o/ govemnment Mixed coal: A'<27%, 2 Panjin Coal from Beipiao:A<30%,S 14-8 ,IWLL5..lQQL Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Sort and main content of coal in Sort and main content of N City report coal suggested Remarks 3 Jinzhou Mixedcoal: A<20%,S<0.9% Same with the left 4 Yingkou Fushun:A=20%,S=o9% Same with the left (3) Strengthening maintenance and management for equipment The phosphorus and dust removal equipment should be regularly checked and maintained to ensure the equipment operate in desired condition and obtain the designed efficiency of the equipment, at the same time, to control release SO2, smoke and dust to meet gas emission standard. (4) Strengthening training and management of staff Technical training program for the boiler operators would be conducted regularly to ensure the equipment operate in good condition. Only the technically eligible staff be permitted to operate boiler and should be regularly examined and supervised. It is forbidden to false operations, which can make the pollutant discharged to pollute the environment. 14.2.3 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact by noise The main noise sources during the project operation are pumping stations for intercepting works, pumps, air compressors and blowers of the WwTPs. So some measures such as cushion, strengthening management and reasonable layout needed to minimize the adverse impact for acoustic environment and inhabitants around the plants. Firstly, low noise-making equipment is preferred for pumps, blowers and air compressors so as to minimize the noise intensity. The equipment producing loud noise should all be arranged indoor. The structures are semi-underground with sound absorbing bricks, to minimize the noise adverse impact. Installing cushions and mufflers or isolating noise covers (for blowers) for equipment to reduce the noise adverse impact. The loud noise comes from boiler, blower and air compressor houses, which should be arranged as far as possible away from residential areas around the WwTPs so as to minimize the adverse impact for the inhabitants. The above measures can ensure the noise at WwTP boundary meet the noise control standard, to prevent the noise adverse impact for the environment and inhabitants around the WwTPs. 14.2.4 Mitigation measures to adverse impact on water environment After the project completed, the pollutant concentration and load in the 4 cities would be greatly reduced and the local water environment would be effectively protected and improved. However the desired pollution control objective would not be achieved if the influent quality is worsened by unexpected wastewater discharge from industry or domestic sources. Measures should be designed and taken to prevent the adverse impact from taking place: 14.2.4.lStrengthening industrial wastewater control and management to ensure the effluent meet the discharge standard The wastewater for each of the WwTPs all includes domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, which accounts for 60% of the influent and is discharged from more than 10 industries such as chemical plant, paper mill, pharmacy, textile, dying, tannery, food brewing, mechanical processing, electronic, metallurgy etc. So these enterprises regarded as major pollution sources must to have their wastewater treated on sites to ensure the pollutant content of CODcr, PH, oil and heavy metal meets the Class III standard, stipulated in the state 14-9 Jan 15&.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide "Wastewater Comprehensive Drainage Standard"(GB8978- 1996). Through wastewater treatment of these enterprises, we should have the design effluent standards realized and achieve the objectives of wastewater treatment. The industrial pollution enterprises should adopt uninterrupted control measure, which varies with pollution degree for environment, carry out cleaner production and strengthen management. The industrial enterprises, discharge poisonous and not easy decomposed pollutants, must treat their wastewater on sites to minimize the content of poisonous pollutants and heavy metals in the wastewater and ensure the WwTPs normal operation so as to meet the state drainage standard. Adopting uninterrupted control for all industrial pollution enterprises to minimize the pollutant quantity. All industrial pollution enterprises should carry out cleaner production and gradually update the products and technology with the characteristics of high power and water demand, low efficiency and severe pollution. At the same time, strengthening the environmental management and developing environmental management regulation to make the environmental protection as one part of industrial operation management. 14.2.4.2Domestic sewage treatment for the project construction period The domestic sewage of the project construction period must be discharged into the WwTPs through pipe networks, it is forbidden to directly discharge without treatment. 14.2.4.3Strengthening management to ensure the WwTP operated well The operation management should affects the WwTP operated well, besides affected by the influent quality and treatment technology of the WwTP. So it is very important to develop operation management regulations, fix positions for eligible staff with training certificate, and strictly operate by regulations to minimize the environmental pollution and the WwTP abnormal running caused by mis-operation. 14.2.5 Making green environment by planting trees and flowers Making green environmental by planting trees and flowers can beautify environment, clean atmosphere, protect soil loss and reduce noise and awful ordour etc. During WwTP design and planning, it is must to plant trees and aiphyllium such as maidenhair trees and locusttrees around the plant boundary, and plant aiphyllium and bush along the roads in the WwTPs. Making green plant belt between the treatment area and living area within the plant. To plant lawn, flower parterres and green plant belts around wastewater tanks and climbing plants on outside wall of tanks. Through the above measures to ensure the coverage area of green plant more than 30% of the plant area to beautify the environment. 14.3 Mitigation measures to adverse environmental impact from accidental discharge The project will bring positive benefit to water, ecological and society environment. But the incidental discharge caused by natural and artificial factors also can bring adverse environmental impact. We have to develop the measures to minimize the adverse environmental impact from incidental discharge of wastewater. The contingencies have two conditions: * The effluent quality does not meet the wastewater drainage standard or accident; * Leakage, damage and blocking of the pipe network. 14-10 lan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 143.1 Pollution control measures of accidental for the WwTP There are four kinds of accidental discharge in WwTPs, they are * Because of the trouble of treatment technology or other accident so as to make the WwTPs exceed the effluent standard; * Because of power shutoff so as to make the wastewater discharged directly; * Because of mis-operation so as to not achieve the treatment standard; * Because of natural factor such as earthquake so as to make the wastewater discharged directly; Countermeasures should be developed to the former three. 14.3.1.lStrengthening management and operation Accidental discharge is seldom to occur as long as strengthening management. So it is must to develop regulations on operation and management procedures for wastewater treatment equipment, rewards and punishments ordinances, to break down post duty that the operating staff have eligible certificate to minimize accident occurrence. 14.3.1.21nstalling essential standby system and equipment To design overflow pipeline in the plant so as to over pass some or whole structures to let the wastewater entering the next structure when accident occurrence. The WwTPs should be provided twin power sources so as to minimize the possibility of power shutoff, to prevent the wastewater drainage caused by power shutoff to pollute the environment. The principal equipment, such as wastewater and sludge pumps, should be provided with 1-2 standby and sufficient spare parts to ensure that when the equipment on duty is being repaired, plant operation will not be interrupted. 14.3.1.3Developing precautionary plan for accidents Developing plan to resolve accident and establishing accident department to determine the responsibility for each of departments, positions and staff to resolve accident in time and to report to environmental protection bureau, municipal administration department and water conservancy department once accident occurrence. 14.3.1.4Establishing automatic monitoring and control system In the wastewater treatment plant, automatic monitoring and control system for water quality and flow examination, and alarm facilities would be installed. By this system the conditions of influent and effluent quality will be understood to determine whether the wastewater treatment facilities performance and the effluent meet desired objective. Once trouble occurs, the reasons will be shed light on and emergency operation will be started to control the pollution from pollutant drainage in time. 14.3.2 Pollution control measures for the accident of the pipe network The sewerage pipes of the project are underground which is likely to cause soil and aquifer pollution when pipe cracked. Sufficient precautionary measures would be designed and taken to avoid or minimize these possibility of pipe crack. * ~~~~~14-11 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment lmpactAssessment Report-Basin Wide * Alarming signs would be installed along the pipeline to prevent the pipeline from being brokenby other excavationwork; * The pipeline would be fortified by steel or cast iron sleeve pipe in the vulnerable section, reinforced support would be installed, to increase the capability of the pipeline. * Emergencyaction would be taken to remedy the aftermathof wastewaterleakage. 14-12 Jan 15a.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 15 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 15.1 EnvironmentalProtection Plan 15.1.1 EnvironmentalManagement Institutional Structure In accordance with the Bank's policy, the proposed WwTP will be an autonomous legal entity. The Drainage Company in each component city will be responsible for the management of interceptors and sewer network. The WwTP will be responsible for environmental management. Vice director (vice general manager) of the WwTP will be in charge of the work. Security and Enviromnental Protection department in the plant will be responsible for daily work. In each department and process unit, full-time or part-time environmental staff will be appointed. This structure forms enterprise's institutional system for environment management. 15.1.2 Responsibilityof EnvironmentalManagement The environmental management department will be in charge of monitoring and supervising the pollutants discharged in the process units of wastewater treatnient. The department should get the information of effluent (influent) volume, quality and treatment effectiveness, to guarantee the routine operation of wastewater treatment facilities and ensure the effluent could meet the discharge standards. The department under the unified leadership of municipal EPB, Construction Commission and WwTP, should meet the central government and World Bank's requirements on environment protection and try its best to reduce the negative impact on environment. The department's duties are as follows: (l) Monitoring and supervising the pollution sources in the plant (2) During the construction period, the department should conduct site supervision for environmental protection. While finding problems, the institute should try to solve the problems timely. (3) The department should assist the WwTP' leaders to deal with public comments on project environmental protection. (4) Organizing and coordinating the training of environmental protection staff The vice-director (vice general manager) who is responsible for environmental protection and the technical staff who is in charge of environmental protection will develop the management rules of environmental protection. They draft individual pollutant volume control plan and implementation program based on the Pollutant Volume Control Plan issued by Provincial and Municipal Govemment. They are also responsible for monitoring the implementation of the plan. The department should strictly enforce the regulations of environmental protection and rules of technical operation issued by State and Liaoning Government. Daily operation of each department must strictly comply with environmental protection requirements, prevent incident and reduce leakage of wastewater during treatment. The person responsible for environmental protection in the WwTP should cooperate with local environmental protection monitoring station actively in order to fulfill regular contamination monitoring. 15.1.3 StaffTraining Plan Wastewater treatment scheme is important to environment improvement and gains the support 15-1 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide from the WB. So the environmental protection should be consistent with international standards. After construction of the project, the local environment will be improved. In order to ensure successful construction and operation of this project, the staff should have strong environmental protection acknowledge and skill. These staff engaging in management of WwTP and construction should receive further training so that the environmental protection measures can be carried out actually. The proposed training methods: domestic training and overseas training, which will be preferred, based on requirements for management levels and working positions. Table 15-1 presents the staff-training plan. Tablel[-1 Staff Training Plan Trainingmethod & staff arrangement Cost No. Trainingcontent * Timing estimate Domestictraining Overseas train(ng Tia RMaB) Environmental laws and regulations, I construction rules, Provincial training, 3 1 technical leader 2000- 36 environmental people of each city from each WwTP 2001 monitoring rules and regulations The technology of I key technological 2 wastewater Provincial training, 2 pey from each 2000- monitoring and people of each city WwTP 2001 control The technology of 3 waste gas Provincial training, 2000- 8 monitoring and 2peopleof each city 2001 control I key technological The technology of person from each 4Tsge tcontolo ad Provincial training WwTP and 2000- 6 disposal 2people of each city Itechnological key 2001 person from sludge landfill site 5 Public participation Provincial training , 2000- 12 and public relation 3people of each city 2001 Pollution control and 6 management during Provincial training , 2000- 16 implementation 4people of each ciry 2001 period The control, handling and Provincial training . people of each 2000- 7 analysis assessment 2people of each city citw(ip from 2)001 56 accidents Provincial training and municipal training will Professional be combined together, 2000- 8 environment and the number of 2001 16 protection skill people will be determined by each city 82 people will join professional training, 9 Total the number of people 25 people will join 2000- 232 9Total receiving on-job external training. 2001 training will be determined by cities 15-2 [an 15.2001 Liao River BasinProject EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 15.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan The purpose of environmnentalmonitoring is to understand the status of pollutant discharge and the impact during the construction and operation period to ensure that the mitigation measures could be taken and the impact would be minimized. At the same time, based on findings of analysis of monitoring data, the project management policies should be worked out and used for decision making. 15.2.1 EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan for Surface Water During the construction period, the monitoring items of surface water environment are pH, oil, and SS; during the operation period, the items are pH, SS, CODcr and BOD5. Table 15-2 presents the monitoring plan. Table 15-2 Surface WaterEnvironment and Pollution MonitoringPlan Monitoring Category Environment monitoring plan items Construction period Operation period Surface Resource of pollutants Excavation and Effluent discharged from water and backfill of pipes, the WwTP wastewater construction of WwTP Monitoring items PH, oil, SS, PH, SS, CODcr, BOD5, wastewater flow wastewater flow Executive Quality CategoryV in CategoryV in Standards standard Environmental Environmental Quality Quality Standard of Standard of Surface Surface Water(GHZB I-1999) Water(GHZB I -1999) Discharge Class II standard and Class 11 standard and Class standard Class III for influent III for influent for for secondary WwTP secondary WwTP in in Comprehensive Comprehensive Wastewater Wastewater Discharge Discharging Standard(GB8978-1996) Standard(GB8978- 1996) Measurement standard Monitoring point Shenyang: upstream Shenyang: inlet and outlet and downstream of of WwTP, upstream and Hun River, upstream downstream of Xi Rivers and downstream of Xi outfall River. Panjin: inlet and outlet of Panjin: upstream and WwTP, upstream and downstream of downstream of Pangxie Pangxie ditch ditch Jinzhou: upstream Jinzhou: inlet and outlet of and downstream of WwTP, upstream and Xiaoling River downstream of Xiling Yingkou: upstream River's outfall and downstream of Da Yingkou: inlet and outlet of Liao River WwTP, upstream and downstream of Da Liao River's outfall 15-3 Jan 15. 2001 Liao Riyer Basin Project EnvironmentImpact AssessmentReport-Basin Fflde Monitoring Category Environment monitoring plan items Construcdon period Operation period Monitoring frequency In busy construction Wastewater discharged period, continuous 3 from inlet and outlet of days on moming and WwTP will be monitored afternoon. twice every day. River will be monitored twice every year. Two days for high flow and low flow period respectively, one time per 15.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Ground Water The effluent discharged from WwTP will affect ground water greatly. The monitoring factors are pH, ammonia-nitrogen, total hardness, CODMfl,iron and E coli colony. Tablel5-3 presents the monitoring plan. TablelS-3 GroundwaterEnvironmental Monitoring Plan Monitoring Cateo Two years beforeoperation period, and items gry operationperiod Monitoring factors PH, total hardness, CODM,,, iron, E coli colemy Quality standar Category III in Ground Water Quality Executive Quality standard Standard(GB/T 14848-93) Standards Monjto- ng standarc Three points are set up. One is at 100m from the Ground water upstream of the outfall of WwTP, the second is Monitoringpoint at 100m from downstream of the outfall of Monitoring point WwTP and the third is at 500m from downstream of outfall of WwTP(localwells can be used as monitoring point) Monitoringfrequency Once in high flow and low flow penod Monitoringfrequency respectively 15.2.3 Air Environmental Monitoring Plan In the construction period, the monitoring item of atmosphere environmental monitoring is TSP; in the operation period, the items are odor and TSP. Table 154 presents the monitoring plan. Table154 Air EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan Monitoring Category Environmentmonitoring plan item Constructionperiod Operationperiod Atmosphere Resourceof pollutants Dust Odor and dust raising Monitoringitems TSP Odor concentration and TSP 15-4 JIan15200 LiwoRiver BasinProject Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Monitoring Category Environmentmonitoring plan item Construction period Operition period Standards Quality standard Ambient Air Quality TSP-Ambient Air Standard(GB3095- Quality 1996) Standard(GB3095- 1996); odor(H2S): industrial residential area standard (TJ36-79) Discharging Comprehensive air TSP- Ambient Air standard Pollutants Discharging Quality Standard(GB16297- Standard(GB3095- 1996) 1996); odor concentration - Odor Pollutant Discharge Standard(GB13223- 1996) Category II Monitoringpoint Shenyang: Xiaoyuchun Two points are set up. WwTP's location and One is in villages near construction location of WwTP and the other is pipeline at the opposite direction Panjin, Jinzhou and of wind near the Yingkou: WwTP's locationof WwTP. location and construction location of pipeline Monitoringfrequency In busy construction TSP, H2S: three days in period, monitoring in heating supply and three two days, each time on days in non-heating moming, noon and supply period, three night. times every day. Odor concentration:the routine operation time is 10-18 hours per day in sunny summer. Each monitoring for each other 2 hours. Total monitoring times is 4 per day 15.2.4 Acoustic Environmental Monitoring Plan In the construction and operation periods, the monitoring items for acoustic environment quality is concentrated on ambient noise and boundary noise of the WwTP. Table 15-5 presents the monitoring plan. TableI5-5 Noise MonitoringPlan Monitoring Category Environmentmonitoring plan item Constructionperiod Operationperiod Noise Source of noise Machinesand vehicles Mechanical equipment and blowers in WwTP Monitoringitems Leg f dB(A)l Leg f dB(A)l Executive Quality Urban Ambient Noise Ambient noise standard- Standards and Standard(GB3096-93) Urban Ambient Noise discharge Category II; Noise Limit at Standard(GB3096-93) standard Construction Site Category II; Industrial Plant (GB12523-90) Boundary (GB12348-90) Category II 15-5 Jon 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Hide Monitoring Category Environment nonitoringplan item Constructionperiod Operationperiod Measurement Methods of Measurement Methods of Urban Ambient Urban Ambient Noise(GBlT14623-93); Noise(GBlT14623-93); Noise Measurement Noise MeasurementMethods Methods at Construction of Industrial Enterprises and Site (GB12524-90) Factories(GB 12349-90) Measuring point Construction site and Boundary of WwTP and around residentialarea nearbyresidential area Measuringfrequency Three days per month in Two phases per year, each in busy construction period, heating and non-heating twice each day, one in period respectively, three moming and the other in days each phase, two times evening. each phase 15.2.5 Monitoring Instrument & Equipment Each WwTP needs to allocate 42set monitoring instrument and equipment. Table 15-6 lists the instrument and equipment required. Tablel15-6 Major MonitoringInstrument and Equipment No. Name of instrumentand equipment Quantity(set) I l | High TemperarureStove _ 2 Electricalconstant drier 3 3 Electricalconstant bathing crucible 3 4 Electricalconstant culture box _ 5 BODCulture Box 2 6 Spectrometer 3 7 Acidity Meter 2 8 DO indicator 3 9 Watercontent indicator 2 10 PrecisionBalance 3 11 Physical Balance 2 12 BiologyMicroscope l 13 Ionexchange water purifier l 14 Refrigerator 3 15 Electricalcentrifugal I 16 Vacuum Pump 2 17 BacteriumKiller _ 18 Magneticmixer 2 19 Microcomputer _ 20 COD indicator l 21 Watersampler 2 22 Flow meter 2 15.2.6 Department Responsible for Monitoring The laboratory of each WwTP is responsible for pollution monitoring within the plant. Each municipal environmental monitoring station is responsible for the pollution monitoring out of the plant. The plant should cooperate with the station closely. 15-6 Jan 15 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Reporf-Basin Wide 15.2.7 The Current Monitoring Capacity of Monitoring Department (1) The laboratory of each WwTP: All of the staff in the laboratory of WwTP has received professional training. The main analysis results are subject to examination by analysts and the main analysis methods can meet the national standard. The analysis process will be controlled under the Quality Assurance System strictly. Because the monitoring items are limited within their work scope, the environmental monitoring activity can meet the monitoring technical requirement under the guidance of local monitoring station. (2) Municipal monitoring station: It is under the leadership of local EPB. The station has been established for more than 20 years. A complete set of environmental pollution monitoring system and methods have already been fonned. The station, which is in charge of the monitoring and forecast of environmental quality, has modem equipment and strong technical capacity. It is capable of undertaking the environmental monitoring work of this project. 15.2.8 Regulatory agencies for envirwnmental monitoring The municipal EPB and Construction Commission are responsible for administration and guiding the monitoring. 15.2.9 The Operating Cost of Environmental Monitoring The total annual cost of monitoring in construction and operation periods is 476 thousand RMB. The detail is shown in Table 15-7. Table 15-7 Annualcost for monitoringin constructionand operationperiod Surface water pe Monitoring (including ground Atmosphere Noise Total City \ period dischargefrom the water ______p an t______Shenyang Construction 1.2 1.5 1.4 0.S 4.9 period Operation 3.0 2.0 1.8 0.9 7.7 ______period Panjin Constuction 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 3.4 period ______Operation 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 4.8 Jinzhou Construction 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.7 3.7 period Operation 2.5 1.2 1.2 0.8 5.7 ______period______Yingkou Construction 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 4.0 period______-Operation 2.5 1.5 1.2 0.9 6.1 period______Total 14.2 10.2 9.5 6.4 40.3 15-7 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin ilde 15.2.10 Monitoring Data Management 15.2.10.1 Monitoring Report A comprehensive monitoring report will be supplied quarterly. An integrated annual report based on quarterly report will be provided too. 15.2.10.2The Transmitting Channels of the Reports. (a) Each municipal EPB, Construction Commission (or Urban Construction Bureau), Urban Renewal Project Office, Environmental Monitoring Station and its parent agencies are the main agencies to review the reports. (b) Each municipal monitoring station should summarize the monitoring data into the Annual Environmental Quality Monitoring Report. (c) The initial data of monitoring and record should be kept in the filing room. 15.3 Environmental Management of Accidental Discharge 15.3.1 Timely control of accidental discharge When major incident takes place in WwTP or sewer network, the principal leaders should organize related staff to deal with the incident and report to municipality, EPB or urban construction department in a timely manner in order to get coordinated solution to the problems and minimize the harm and loss incurred. 15.3.2 Investigation and Analysis after accident After the incident, the investigation should be undertaken immediately to determine the trigger. The investigation and analysis report should be kept in filing room and submitted to the concerned departments to trace the responsibility. 15.3.3 Accidental Emergency Agency An incidental emergency agency, which is forrned by the main leaders of WwTP, should be set up before hand. The name list of members should be disclosed to the public. The responsibility should be broken down clearly. The agency should prepare technical plan in advance, keep adequate emergency materials and liaison, to provide precausion measures against any potential incidents. 15-8 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 16 Analysis of Environmental Economic Benefit and Loss 16.1 Identification of benefits and losses This municipal wastewater treatment project is aiming at pollution control and environment protection, which has much more benefit than loss. Profit and loss of this project are identified through project engineering analysis, pollutant discharge projection, environmental impact analysis and pollution management measures. The investment for mitigation measures against inherent adverse impact and land occupation is the major environmental economic losses, while the benefit includes three aspects: environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Table 16-1 reflects the results. Table 16-1 Distinguishedproject environmental economy benefitand loss Category Factorsof benefit Detailedbenefit and losses Profit and losses and losses reflection Environmental Odor Impacton air quality and Pollution neighboring residence management costs Economic Sludge Impact on soil, surface and ground Pollution losses water managementcosts Noise Impacton acousticenviroinment Pollution management costs Incidentl discharge Pollutionon surface and ground Pollution water managementcosts Land occupation Permanentland occupation, Investmentinput ______resettlement Environmental Totalpollutant Improvementof surface and Environmental dischargevolume groundwater quality,prevention benefit can be reduction,achieving of pollutionon soil and crops, convertedinto standard discharge protectionof human health economicbenefit Economic Environmentalquality encouragementon social Socialbenefit benefit improvement development,creating comfortable working,living and entertainmnent environment Economicbenefit Encouragementon urban Direct economic industrialand agricultural benefit development,saving water resources,accelerating comprehensiveutilization of "3 wastes" Economicbenefit Encouragingdevelopment of Indirecteconomic industry,agriculture, fishing and benefit tourism,reducing losses and compensationby pollution,saving pollution management costs 16.2 Environmental economic losses 16.2.1 Estimate for environmental protection investment Total investment for wastewater treatment projects in the four cities is 24.2 billion RMB. As this project is an environmental protection scheme, the project investment can be considered as environmental protection investment. However, a certain investment will have to be input to eliminate and mitigate negative environmental impact. This investment will be directly used for environmental protection measures like odor pollution prevention, SO2 , smoke and dust prevention and noise management. Investment directly used on environmental protection 16-1IjAn 15,2001 Liao River BasinProject EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide is estimated as 31.3 million RMB, which is 1.34% of total investment. Table 16-2 indicates the details. Table 16-2 Environmentalprotection investment estimates in the project Unit: 104 RMB No. Investmentitem Investment | Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Subtotal I Odour prevention 150 60 60 60 330 2 SO2, smoke and dust 40 5 5 30 prevention 3 Sludgemanagement 1205 150 160 150 1665 (transportationvehicles, etc) 4 Noise prevention(noise 60 15 15 15 105 insulationcover, eliminator,and noise proof equipment) 5 Wastewaterflow meter, 30 10 10 10 60 sampler 6 Test and analysis 120 90 90 90 390 ____ instrument 7 Envirornmentalgreening 130 40 40 45 255 8 Others 130 37 38 40 245 Total 1865 407 418 440 1 3130 It can be seen from Table 16-1: Sludge management investment is a major component in the investment directly used for environmental protection, which includes procurement of transportation vehicles, transportation costs, operating cost for sludge disposal, etc. These costs are estimated as 16.65 million RMB, which is 53.2% of total environmental protection investment. The cost for procurement of laboratory instruments and equipment are estimated as 3.9 million RMB, which is 12.5% of total. Odour prevention cost is estimated as 3.3 million RMB, which is 10.5%.Of total Costs for greening, SO2, smoke and dust prevention, noise prevention, procurement of wastewater flow meter and sampler are estimated as 5.0 million RMB, which is 16.0% of total; Contingency costs are estimated as 2.45 million RMB, which is 7.8%. 16.2.2 Cost of wastewater treatment Wastewater treatment costs include total investment on the project and operating costs. The calculation is as following: C = (C, * /n) + C2 Where: C - wastewater treatment costs, 104 RMB/year; C, - total project investment, 104 RMB; 3-- conversion rate, 98% of the total investment to be converted into fixed assets; n - equipment depreciation term, 20 years; C - project operating costs ( 104 RMB/year). Project pollution management costs are calculated as 3.8 x 108 RMB/year. Table 16-3 shows the details. 16-2 Jtan15. 2001 Liao River BasinProject EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 16-3 Pollutionmanagement costs ProjectCity Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Total Investment(10 182600 20700 20725 19017 258643 RM B) ______Operating costs 18980 2373 2373 2373 27523 (104 RMB/year) Pollution 27927 3387 3389 3305 40196 management costs (I04 RMB/year) 16.2.3 Project land occupation The four projects will demand for a permanent land occupation of 89.59 ha. 4 projects' land occupation are agricultural land with total area of 75.19 ha, while Yingkou project occupies marginal land of 14.4ha. Occupation on agricultural land will result in production reduction of crops and vegetables, which is estimated as 2538.7 t/a, 1.43 million RMB (opportunity costs). With 230,000 RMB opportunity costs of Yingkou land occupation, total opportunity costs for land occupation are 1.52million RMB. Table 1 6-4 shows the details. Table 16-4 Opportunitycosts of land occupation ProjectCitv Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Total Land 55.0 10.19 10.0 14.4 89.59 occupation (ha) Use Vegetables Paddle Paddle Marginal land --- Value per 20535 8250 8250 16000 hectare MB) X__ Opportunity 112.94 8.41 8.25 23.04 152,64 costs _0RMB) 16.3 Profit analysis of environmental economy The construction of municipal wastewater treatment plants will have noticeable environmental, economic and social benefits. Without the project, surface and ground water, soil, crops and ecological environment of project area will continue deteriorate. Moreover, continuous pollution will affect the development of urban construction, industry and agriculture and even sustainable development. Therefore the construction of this project will have positive impact. 163.1 Environmental benefits The construction of municipal wastewater treatment plant will have positive impact, which include: improving surface and ground water quality in project area; achieving water quality control objectives; eliminate open ditch which influence the surroundings badly; restoring function of receiving water body; reducing harm on public health; and improving urban ecological environment. Presently wastewater in each city directly being discharged into the surface water body with about 183,449 t/a CODcr load in the 4 cities. In all the rivers in project area, the concentration of COD, BOD, ammonia-N and oil have exceeded Class V water quality standard in national 16-3 n 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide regulations on surface water environmental quality standard. The construction of this project will effectively reduce pollutant discharge in each city. COD reduction is estimated as 143,299 t/a. Thus the water quality can be ensured to achieve water body function protection objectives and to realize water quality control objectives in Liao River Basin. Table 16-5 shows the details. Table 16-S Environmentalbenefits after the implementationof project No City Pollutat reduction(t/a) Riversection 're pro ect Alter proict COD BOD *mm COD BOD Water COD BOD Water onbs _ m_ quality mgl qulity I Shenyang 111544 51684 4380 Xi River 93.4 Extra 33.2 - IV Huanglatuozi, V Hun River 64 17 Extra < 40 < 6 IV Yujiafang V 3 Yingkou 12045 5840 548 DaliaoRiver 118 10.4 Extra 26.2 < 6 IV ______n Yongyuanjiao V __xtra 4 Panjin 9125 5110 548 Shuangtaizi 69.3 5.5 Extra 56.8 - Extra River V IV Zhaoquan River PangxieDitch 98.0 13.2 Extra 69.2 - Extra ______V V 5 Jinzhou 10585 5840 548 Xiaoling 58.0 19.9 Extra 24.5 5.2 IV Riverqushou V EastXiaoling RiverBaigu 75.4 21.7 Ex 17 <6 IV Improvement of river water quality will also have positive influence on ground water quality. Besides underground runoff, vertical or lateral recharges by rivers are also important replenishment sources to the groundwater. Xi River is a major wastewater receiving water body, which has been seriously polluted. As a result, ground water along Xi River has also been polluted. After the implementation of the project, COD concentration will be reduced from 300 mg/l to lower than 100 mg/l, which will bring direct benefits to ground water quality along the river. Presently most cities still have combined sewers network, and some have wastewater open ditch (like Xi River, Pangxie Ditch), which go across urban area. The polluted rivers have impacts both on surrounding environment and public health. Sewers network updating will be conducted in this project, which will connect more users. Almost wastewater will be intercepted from the open ditch and treated. Thus urban ecological environment will be improved and impacts on human health will be mitigated. 16.3.2 Social benefits Direct discharges of municipal wastewater have had impacts on water and ecological environment, which has forrned bad public impression on both the city image and government efficiency. The implementation of this project will create a comfortable working and living environment, encourage updating and construction of urban infrastructure, and push ahead the development of the city and its industry. In addition, the project will bring more employment opportunity to the people. Noticeable social benefits have been reflected. 164 J'an15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 16.3.3 Economic benefits 16.3.3.lAnalysis of economic benefits Economic benefits of the project include direct economic benefits and indirect economic benefits. Direct economic benefits include: water resources available will be increased after the project to drive urban development and economv foreward; river quality will be improved for agricultural use, thus exploitation on ground water will be reduced; recycled wastewater will be used in industry so that fresh water demand will be decreased; sludge in the project will be composted as fertilizer or used as construction materials, which will bring some economic income. Indirect economic benefits include: the implementation of the project will restore ecological balance and encourage sustainable development of the city; improvement of the water quality will bring benefits to local fishery and tourism; ground water will also get improved by the project so that treatment costs of industrial and domestic consumers who use ground water will be reduced; centralized treatment of wastewater will relieve the treatment loads at pollution source, which will save pollution management costs by over 20%; standard discharge of municipal wastewater during project operation phase will improve water quality for irrigation, which will alleviate losses caused by water pollution. 16.3.3.2Profit calculation Besides direct benefits, the implementation of the project will create many long-term benefits. This project will mitigate pollution on rivers, sea and ground water, restore ecological balance. In the long term, it will encourage self-cleaning function of rivers, sea and ground water. Time horizon of the project is 25 years. Taken discount rate as 10%, then NPV of economic benefits after implementation of the project is estimated as 1.42 billion RMB. Table 6-6 shows the details. Table 16 NPV estimationof benefits Unit: thousandRMB No. Profits Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Subtotal I Avoidedurban water 213337 20623 33869 14190 282019 supply costs 2 Healthbenefits 111706 7509 16399 135,614 3 Productivitybenefits- 298391 187056 58871 114718 659,036 agriculture 4 Productivitybenefits- 95100 131959 112090 339,149 fishery 5 Value increase of real 39380 1850 1285 2281 45,245 estate 6 Total 663,264 304629 233493 259678 1,461,064 (1) Urban water supply costs reduction Urban water supply of project cities is mainly from ground water. Pollutions on ground water have affected water demand of about 4 million people, which makes it necessary to develop new water resources and inter-basin water transfer. Minimum cost for water transfer is 3.8 RMB/m3 , and 5 liter/c.d. is taken as domestic water consumption. Assuming 90% of the people who are drinking ground water in Shenyang have been affected by pollution, and 50% 16-5 JanI..52001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide in other project cities, then the implementation of the project will reduce water supply costs by 282.02 million RMB. (2) Health benefits from water-borne disease reduction Improvement of water quality will effectively reduce events of water-borne disease. According to relative statistics, water-borne disease events in Liaoning are 27% higher than national average, and water-bome disease events in the project cities have increased 50%-- 200% since 1990. A conservative 2 percentage points has been applied to estimate the morbidity rate reduced by the project, which is stem from the 50% of bottom limit in the WHO study. According to the health estimate methodology, based on the productivity loss of people due to decease, health benefits by the project is 135.61 million RMB. (3) Benefits from production increase of paddle field and fishery The implementation of the project will increase production and output value of agriculture and fishery. Assuming conservatively production losses of rice by polluted water as 2 1 0 kg/ha per year, rice price as 0 70 RMB/kg and wastewater irrigated land as 401.2 hectares, then output value increase is b59.03 million RMB. Improvement of water quality brings benefits to fishery stock and biological variety. Conservative assumption has been made, 2% increase in aquiculture, and 1% increase in fish catching. In consideration of slow restoring of marine biological environment, it is assumed benefits will not come out until 10 years later. Then the benefit to fishery is 331.95 million RMB. (4) Benefits from value increase of real estate After the implementation of the project, land price of project area will be increased. Assuming conservatively land rent price increase along the rivers is 5%, which will increase in 10 years time, then benefits from real estate value increase is 45.24 million RMB. (5) Other unquantified benefits Because of the limited data, there are still some benefits, which have not been quantified. For example: sludge from the plant could be composted or used as construction materials; treated wastewater could be recycled as cooling water for industries; improvement of river quality will create more tourism and entertainment; clean river will have better ecological environment; water quality improvement will bring benefits to fish stock-raising; wastewater treatment costs of industrial sources will be reduced. 16.4 Present value analysis of costs and benefits Calculations have been taken on estimatable benefits and costs to make analysis on present value of costs and benefits of project. Table 16-7 shows the details. 16-6 Jan 15. 200L Liao River BasinProject EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 16-7 Costs and benefits analysis of project Unit: 104 RMB/vear City Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Total Costs (treatment costs 28040 3395 3397 3328 38,160 and land occupation losses) Profits (total of all 66326 30463 23349 25968 146,106 benefits) I_I_I_ I Net benefits (benefit 38286 27068 19952 22640 107,964 minus costs) Profits/costs ratio 2.37 8.97 6.87 7.80 3.83 Table 16-7 indicates that benefits by the project is much more than costs. Assuming investment being averaged in 20 years, then NPV of project benefits is 1.08 billion RMB, with noticeable benefits. 16-7 .lan1 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 17. Resettlement and Compensation 17.1 Legal Frameworkfor Resettlementand Policy 17.1.1 Legalframework * Real Estate Management Law of P.R.C issued by the Ministry of Construction * Operational Directive 4.30 of the World Bank- Involuntary Resettlement Regulations related to the Real estate Management Law: The transfer of use right of land is subject to the official approval of govemment whose level would be higher than county prior to appropriate compensation in place. Or the right would be transferred toll free. The transfer of land use right could be approved by the government for the purpose of: construction of urban infrastructure; key project under the central government's support such as power, water supply and hydraulic. * Operational Directive 4.30 of the World Bank- Involuntary Resettlement Minimize or avoid the involuntary resettlement as much as possible The policy of the World Bank is to restore the life and livelihood of all the project affected people (PAP) to no less than before 17.1.2 Compensation Policy 17.1.2.1 Management regulations on house demolition and compensation in Yingkou * The house demolished will be compensated in terms of cash according to the area of house located: 850 RMB/m2 for the mortar-brick house in Category I area 800 RMB/m2 for the mortar-brick house in Category II area 750 RMB/m2 for the mortar-brick house in Category III area 700 RMB/m2 for the mortar-brick house in Category IV area * In the Clause 44, it is stated that the land user will pay the compensation to the resettler, one-off 150 RMB will be paid for each household relocated in a permenent way; 300 RMB for each household who relocated transitionally. 17.1.2.2 Compensation It is determined that resettlement is only involved in Yingkou Project. The houses to be demolished are all located in the Category II area, according to the compensation standard 800 RMB/m2 will be paid as compensation to the resettlers. All the PAP will be relocated to other residential community in permanent way, therefore 150 RMB will be paid to each household as subsidy. 17-1 Jan 15. 2001 LiaoRiver Basin Project EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 17.2Resettlement in the project Table 17-1 Summeryof the land acquisitionand PAPin Yingkou Item Land covering(ha) Affectedpeople memo YingkouWwTP 8 No State-ownedwaste Yingkou WwTP 8 No land Temporaryland acquisition, interceptorlength Interceptoralong 2.'548 220 7561m, temporarily affectshops and Xidiaoqiaofree markets Upgradingof Shachang No Upgradingexisting ditch ditch,2280m long Upgradingof Westem N Upgradingexisting Ditch 0 ditch, 3082m long Upgradingof No 1 Ps 0.0351 No Upgrading existing Ps Upgrading of No 3 Ps 0.0260 No Upgrading existing ______P s Shachang DitchPs 0.046 No Upgrading existing ~upgrading Ps WesternDitch PS 0.06 No Upgrading existing upgrading _ Ps Interim pumping 0.09 18 New station Construction of a new interim pumping station will require house demolition of 7 households, 18 persons. Total area of structure of the demolished houses is 450 m2. The implementation of proposed project will bring adverse impact on Xidiaoqiao free market, having 110 stalls and 250 vendors. In addition, 28 shops and 63 staff will be temporarily affected. 17.3 impact analysis Table 17-1 shows that: Affected business shops by sewers upgrading are mainly distributed in the narrow sections of Liaohe Street, through which the interceptor will be laid. 28 business shops and 63 staff will be affected, with total business area of 886 M2. It is estimated that the shops will have about 60-day temporary closure due to the construction. The shops will not be demolished, but only affected by the construction for certain time. Implementation schedule should be carefully developed to minimize the construction period. With the completion of the construction, all the affect will be eliminated. During the construction period, crossing and excavation of the road may have adverse impact on the traffic, such as traffic jam, which will be put into an end as soon as the completion of the construction. Xidiaoqiao free market will be affected by the project construction. There are 110 stalls and around 150 vendors in the market, mainly selling fruit, vegetables and non-staple food, with average monthly income per capita of approximately 1200 RMB. 17-2 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentImpact AssessmentReport-Basin Wide The construction of a new interim pumping station will lead to 7-house demolition, affect 18 persons, with total area of structure of demolished house of 450 m2. 17.4 relocation measures 17.4.1 relocation agency Temporary agency has been organized in order to deal with resettlement issues concerned with the proposed project. 3 persons from LUCRPO, Yingkou Drainage Company, Yingkou Land Administration Bureau, China Northeastern Design Institute as well as Liaoning Rural and Urban Planning Design Institute respectively and 2 persons from independent monitoring agency compost of this temporary agency, which is responsible for works including monitoring, checking, co-ordination, compensation and recovery, etc. 17.4.2 Relocation compensation Interceptor laying will bring short-term impact on small shops, with compensation costs of 142,670 RMB. Compensation on the houses affected by the construction of interim pumping station is 361,050 RMB. Total compensation costs are 503,720 RMB. 17.5 Income recovery for temporarily affected shops and vendors in Xidiaoqiao free market Sewers upgrading in the proposed project will only temporary acquire some state-owned land. The construction site may bring some adverse impact on nearby shops, however, the impact will be only short-term. Surveys show that 28 shops and 63 persons will be affected by the construction. Compensation will be made according to actual loss and closure period of the shops. Project implementation agency will compensate the staff of the affected shops for their salary losses. Implementation schedules should be carefully arranged to minimize the construction period. All the shops will recover their business as soon as the project finishes. The project construction will also bring some adverse impact on Xidiaoqiao free market, having 110 stalls and 150 vendors, administrated by Desheng Bureau of Commerce and Industry. According to the planning, this market will be moved to Desheng free market (indoor) on Xihuan Road before Dec 30'h, 2000. Desheng free market has more than 500 stalls, which has the capacity to accommodate vendors from Xidiaoqiao market. Distance between Desheng market and the migrated vendors averages 200 to 300m, which is quite convenient for them. What's more, vendors in Xidiaoqiao market are quite willing to move into Desheng market. Preferential policies have been provided for them, which is tax free for the ls year, 50% tax charge in the 2d and normal tax charge in the 3rd. monthly tax cost is 60 RMB each stall. Presently monthly income of the migrated vendors is 700 to 800 RMB in average, while they used to have 500 to 600 RMB in the former market. The practice shows that living standard of the affected vendors has not been decreased. The construction of a new interim pumping station will affect 7 households, all of whom live in the bungalows. The Drainage Company provides two alternatives for the affected households, which are monetary compensation or house provision. The affected households have their owe say in choosing either option. Surveys show that all the affected households prefer latter option, which is to purchase building house in Xinhua Community on Masi Street at the price of 700 RMB/m2. After resettlement, all the 7 families will live in the building house. Their living standard will be greatly improved. 17-3 Jan 15. 2001 18 Public Participation The World Bank financed Liao River Basin Project includes four cities (Shenyang, Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou) with four municipal wastewater treatment plants and one dedicated industrial wastewater treatment plant and one industrial process renovation for wastewater elimination.The project will have profound influenceon all four cities' economic,social and ecologicalenviromnent. Thereforethis project has drawn extensive attention from the local public. As required by relevant requirementsfrom the Chinese governmentand World Bank (OP4.01), public concerns are recognized and consultation with the public opinions on the project has been carried at an early stage in the planning and throughout the project preparation. The environmental assessment teams for the project have undertaken an extensive public participation program in order to protect the interests of affected communities, especially the poor, vulnerable and disadvantaged groups of populations. Experience has shown a strong link between project sustainability and effective public participation. 18.1 Method for public participation 18.1.1 Stages in public participation process Public participation in the four cities has been divided into 3 rounds. Table 18-1 details the publicparticipation phases and contents. Table 18-1 Public participat on phasing and goals in the 5 cities Round Round separation Majorparticipation goals I" round Identify stakeholdergroups; secureproponent commitment (screening Environmentalscreening to publicparticipation program; agree on extent and mode (screening) ~~~~~ofparticipation Short]y after Identify stakeholders;disclose relevant project _ round before the EA TOR information,;determine stakeholder concerns and include finalized them in the TOR. Disclose informationon study methods and findings; agree 3 rd round After EA report (draft) is on proposedmitigation measures with stakeholders;let prepared stakeholdersdetermine whether their concernsare adequateivaddressed 18.1.2 Survey scope and objects Scope and objects of the public participation are identified according to the project geographical locations and their surroundings. Table 18-2 shows the details. Table 18-2 Scope and objects of public participationin the 5 cities Surve sco e Projectarea in the 5 cities Focus of survey (l) along the interceptors:(2) near the plants:(3) near the sludge landfill sites Surveyobjects Residentialarea and entities, includingworkers, farrners,government servants, teachers and so on of different ages and sex. 18.1.3 Public Participation Approach Public participation approaches mainly include: public meetings, hearings, information disclosure through local newspaper (copies attached), public opinion questionnaires and interviews directly with stakeholders.During the thorough process of public participation,a 18-1 Jan15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide telephone hotline set up at the beginning of EA has been maintained in each PMO to provide further access by the public to relevant project information, receive public concerns about the project and to address EA-related issues that affect the public. Expert consultations have been adopted as an information feedback route, in order to obtain public opinions and requirements on the project, answer difficult questions and plan corresponding impact mitigation measures. 18.1.4 Survey contents Major working contents of public opinion surveys are described as the following: 18.1.4.lContents of surveys on organizations and institutions * General comments and attitude towards this project; Opinions and concems on location selection of the proposed WwTP, interceptors and sludge landfill site and sludge transportation route; Opinions and concerns on impacts like air-borne dust and traffic blocking resulting from construction of this project; * Opinions and concems on possible odor and waste gas pollution by future operation of the plant; * Opinions and concerns on noise impact by pumping stations; Opinions and concems on possible pollution on ground water by leachate in sludge landfill site; * Other opinions, concerns and suggestions. 18.1.4.2Comments Surveys on individual people * Rivers near the interviewee's residence or working place is polluted or not; • Source for municipal water supply for local uses and relation between polluted river and the water resource; * Impact on the interviewee's ordinary life by river pollution; • Willingness of getting the polluted rivers clear; • Understanding of this project; * Implementation of this project will have positive or negative impact on the development of local economy in the interviewee's opinion; * Living quality improvement by the implementation of this project in the interviewee's opinion; * Impact on the interviewee by project land acquisition; Attitude and concern towards location selection of treatment plant and sludge landfill site; Impact on personal life by construction; Attitude towards possible impacts like odor and noise by future project operation; Other opinions, concerns and suggestions; * Satisfied or not on the raised issues and corresponding mitigatory measures developed; 18.2 Statistics and analysis of survey results Table 18-3 summarizes the survey time and adopted methodologies for the four cities' public participation. 18-2 Jan 1S. 200 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 18-3 Statistics of survey time and adopted approaches Newspaper Returned City Round Time Ad. For Public qeto Persons Personal information Hearings questiona contacted interview ______disclosure a First May, Shenyang 3 250 600 30 Shenyang Second June, 3 220 533 56 00 ______Third Sep, 00 Shenyang 3 220 535 58 ______D aily ______First May, Panjin Daily 3 100 226 36 Panjin Jcond0, 3 100 227 39 Seo d 00 ______Third Sep,00 Panjin Daily 3 100 228 38 First May, Jinzhou 220 30 00 Evening 100 Jinzhou Second June, 3 100 222 32 Third Sep, 00 Jinzhou 3 100 '3 33 ______ubli meeting____ Evening First May, Yingkou 3 100 220 30 00 meetingsDail ipu___prcpaon___ Yingkou Second June, 3 100 221 36 00 _ _ _ _ _ Third Sep,Y00 Yingkou 3 100 232 32 ______Daily Total -- - 8 newspaper 42 150 3687 450 18.2.1 Public participation methodology 18.2.1.1 Public meeting Table I18-4shows hearings par-ticipants (persons and organizations) of public participation in four cities. Table 18-4 ______Public meetings in publi prticipation process city Round Place and time No. of ripatco osin CutyRound 2w Pariipare ctisu,participantsnts Yuliangpu Village Villagers, govemment servants, Shnyn 2ncommittee, 150 workers, teachers, students, etc July 2, 2000 ______ heXd ciatteu Village Villagers, govemment servants, Shenyang 2 c 4,iu. 2000148 workers, teachers, students, etc 3rd coiamm Village Villagers, govemrnment servants, Dc. 8tt, 090 workers, teachers, students, etc I St Wangjia Village Villagers, government servants, committee, 90 workers, teachers, students, etc July 7, 2000 3nd Wangiia Village Villagers, govemment servants, Panjin 2 committee, 89 workers, teachers,students, etc _____Aug. 6, 2000 rd Wangjia Village Villagers,government servants, 3~ committee, 90 workers, teachers, students, etc I_18-3Dec.10, 2000 2001 18-3 Jlan152001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide city Round Place and time No. of . . City______Round______participants Participantscomposition Dishuihu Village Villagers,government servants, committee, 90 workers,teachers, students, etc ___ __ July 10, 2 000 ______Dishuihu Village Jinzhou 2 committee, 88 rllagers,government servants, Aug 30, 2000 workers,teachers, students, etc DishuihuVillage Villagers,goverment servants, 3rd committee, 93 workers, teachers,students, etc Nov. 28, 2000 Conferenceroom of Public UtilityBureau 89 Residents,teachers, students, July 10, 2000 goverment servants,etc Conferenceroom of Yingkou 2nd Public UtilityBureau 90 Residents,teachers, students, Aug. 5, 2000 goverment servants,etc Conferenceroom of 3r public utility bureau 96 Residents,teachers, students, Dec. 11, 2000 etc Total --- 1262 According to the statistics of Table 18-4, the four cities have held a total of 12 public meetings all together, 1262 people participated in. In addition, as the proposed pumping stations is considered to impact a limited areas surrounding them, small scale, informal public meetings have been held to solicit the opinions of the affected public. The number of participants in these small public meetings is typically ranged from several people to about two dozens. 18.2.1.2Questionnaires A total of 2000 copies of questionnaires have been distributed to the general public through the 3 rounds of public participation. Of these questionnaires, 240 copies are for government and non-government organizations and instirutions affected by the project and 1760 copies for private individuals. In total, the EA teams received 1830 valid returns, with 236 from organizations and institutions (98.3%) and 1594 from individuals (90.6%). Surveys have been undertaken near the proposed locations of treatment plants, sludge landfill sites and along the interceptors. The individuals who returned questionnaires are of different ages, sexes, professions and education backgrounds. Table 18-5 and Table 18-6 have further details about the objects in the questionnaire surveys. Table 1I-5 Statisticsof survey objects (person) ProjectCity Shenvang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Total Persons 1668 681 665 673 3687 Male 917 348 336 348 1949 Sex Female 751 333 329 325 1738 18 - 35 636 293 287 264 952 Age 36 - 60 900 321 301 351 1873 > 60 132 67 77 58 334 Govermnentservant 504 202, 166 298 1170 Farmer 602 180 208 66 1056 Occupation Worker 334 176 180 196 886 Student 126 87 76 85 374 Others 102 36 35 28 201 i8-4 -lan 1.5 200L Liao River Basin Project EnvironmentImpact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Project City Shenyang Panjin Jinzhou Yingkou Total Primary 18 9 8 4 39 Junior middle 639 214 288 248 1389 Education Senior middle 387 174 131 198 890 Education Professionaltraining 296 151 102 102 651 college I I _ I Universitv 328 133 136 121 718 Table 18-6 Statisticsof consultationobjects (entity) Character Number of Total Staff Employed Governmentagencies 76 4560 Collectivelyowned organizations 65 4615 Industrialestablishment 89 400,501 Villages 10 39,608 The above statistics shows that in the public questionnaire survey, 53% of the participants were male and 47% were female. Most participants tended to be middle aged at 51% while that between18 to 35 years old was 27% and that over 60, 22%. The professions were divided among government servants (31%), farmers (30%), workers (24%), students (10%) and others (5%). Most participants were of middle school educational background (62%) with 18% graduates from professional colleges and 19% 1 from universities. Since questionnaires require certain levels of literacy, the participants tends to have higher education structure than that with the general population in the project areas. 18.2.2 Feedback information summary 18.2.2.lFirst round Information disclosure Advertisements were placed in the most popular local newspapers in the project cities. The carefully designed and worded advertisements included a brief description about the project, particularly physical works. All advertisements used a clearly language to inform the public that an environmental assessment was being carried out and the public is welcome to express their opinions and concerns over the project. The newspaper ads published telephone hot line where the EA teams may be reached. Arrangements had been made in EA teams to man the hot lines. The copies of these newspapers attached. Public meetings Several public meetings were held near the locations of proposed treatment plants, sludge landfill sites and along the interceptors and pumping stations. In these meetings, the EA teams made detailed presentation on general situation of the project, objectives and necessity for project construction, social and environmental benefits, as well as potential adverse environmental impacts during the construction and operation phases. At the same time, public concems and recommendations have also been collected and recorded for further consideration into planning and design. One great advantage of the public meetings is that even the illiterates are given the opportunities to learn the project and main issues and to express their opinions. The public meeting approach is particularly effective in places like villages and similar places. 18-5 lan IS. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Questionnaires Questionnaires have been distributed to identified stakeholders. A total of 1540 questionnaires were distributed in the four cities in the first round, with 1426 copies returns received (93% collection rate). The survey has included people of different ages and professions, which is quite representative. Focus of first round consultation are to collect public opinions, concems and suggestions on the project, and screen the relative issues to make preparation for second round. Table 18-7 shows the survey results. Table 18-7 Statistics of I roundconsultation Sur ey results No. Survey contents People Agreed/supported _ ( ~~~~~~~~~~) Havethe rivers near your Seriouslypolluted 1632 85 1 Residenceor workingplace been Clear 191 10 Pollutedor not? No idea 103 5 Do you know the relationbetween Yes 155c 78 2 your domesticwater supply and The pollutedrivers? No 426 ' 22 Your willingnessfor the rivers to Strong 1632 85 3 be clearedNoml1 0 _ ____be ____cleared______It doesn't matter 103 5 From newspaper 1011 52 4 Your understandingof Just know from the 704 37 wastewater treatment project public meetings Never heard ill Il The influence on local economy Quite positive 1730 90 5 development of the project in Likely positive 103 5 your opinion No idea 93 5 Do you think implementation of Yes 1730 90 6 the project will improve your Possible 103 5 personal life quality? No idea 93 5 Th. Too much 128 7 The impact on you by project land Tagbuca b27 1 7 ocuainLarge but can be 221 occu_ation overcome How much is your expected No impact 1526 79 8 compensation because your Cash 108 26 agricultural land will be Employment 26 6 occupied? Both 274 68 Your opinion on location Agree 1798 93 9 selection of treatment plant and Object 13 1 sludge landfill site No idea 119 6 Impact on your ordinary life by Too much 109 6 10 project construction (go to work, Large but can be 346 18 go to school, shopping, business, overcome entertainment, etc) No impact 1471 76 Too much 327 17 l Possible odour and noise impact Some but can be 694 36 by future project operation overcome No impact 905 47 Too much 678 35 12 Possible pollution by sludge Some but can be 762 40 landfill overcome No impact 486 25 18-6 Jan.. ,J200 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Sur results No. Survey contents People Agreed/supported ______,_ ( %) 13 Impact on your surrounding Sargel 209 31 crops, trees and agriculturalland No impact 364 53 Noimarge 364 53 14 Impact on your poultryand Small 131 16 livestock ~~~~~~Noimpact 533 79 15 Impact on workingand Yes 236 12 productionof your entity No 1690 88 What would like to do when Hope to move 3 10 16 being influencedby project land Casa 19 63 occupation and resettlement? cObenat 8 17 Survey results and questions screening Supportive opinions Public meetings and questionnaires reflect the general opinions of the public. Most of the people are very concemed about the seriously pollution in their communities and the surrounding rivers. Fish which once was in the rivers in the region is now disappeared because of the decades pollution. It was public general consensus that the World Bank financed project will bring great environmental benefits both to the region and individuals who live in the region, including positive impacts on local economic development and environmental quality in general. The public was generally satisfied that the proposed treatment plant and sludge landfill site locations are sufficiently far away from concentrated residential areas. The surveyed people expressed their opinion to speed up with the project implementation while minimizing any potential adverse impacts. Environmental issues screening Screening results of the public concerned issues are: e Air-borne dust, noise, vibration and traffic blocking during construction period; * Odor and noise impact in operation phase; * Leachate contamination of groundwater at sludge disposal sites; * Land acquisition and occupation, especially agricultural land occupation * Resettlement and compensation. 18.2.2.2Second round Public concerns identified in the first round participation has been summarized and included in EIA report, and disclosed to the public through meetings and questionnaires, in order to obtain public opinions on screened issues and their acceptability on the project. The second round of public consultation was designed to have public opinions such that an EA terms of reference (TOR) may be prepared to fully reflect the public concerns and issues. This would ensure that public concerns would be included in the project environmental impact assessment. In the second round, the four cities have held four public meetings and released 640 questionnaires, with 600 returns (94% collection rate). Table 18-8 reflects the survey results. 18-7 anlL5=20 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide Table 18-8 Statisticsof second roundpublic participation Surve results No. Survey contents Person Percentage Air-bome dust impactin To take correspondingmeasures 1080 98.2 l constructionperiod It doesn't matter 20 1.8 2 Noise and vibrationimpact To take correspondingmeasures 987 90 in constructionperiod It doesn't matter 113 10 3 Traffic inconveniencein To strengthenmanagement 998 91 constructionperiod It doesn't matter 102 9 Wastewaterand solid waste To take correspondingmeasures 898 82 in constructionperiod It doesn't maner 202 18 5 Odor and noise impact from To take correspondingmeasures 847 77 treatmentplant It doesn't matter 253 23 6 Environmentalimpact of To take correspondingmeasures 823 75 sludge transportation It doesn't matter 277 25 Pollutionon groundwater To take correspondingmeasures 1009 92 7 by leachateof sludge landfillsite It doesn't matter 91 8 Noise impactfrom pumping To take correspondingmeasures 1010 92 station It doesn't matter 90 8 9 Compensation To be confirmed 1100 100 agriculturalland occupation 10 Compensationof To be confirmed 1100 100 I resettlement I I I I The above screened issues have been consulted with the public. Approximately 75-100% of the public demanded that effective and appropriate mitigation measures be taken to address these problems. 18.2.2.3Third round This round of public participation includes: public meetings, questionnaires, and inforrnation disclosure through newspapers. The third round of public consultation was designed for the public to comment on the EA findings, including mitigation measures designed for adverse impacted identified and EA reports. Contents and results As for public concerned issues identified in the second round participation, the EA agency has consulted with project construction agency and developed substantial mitigation measures These measures have been included in EA report. In order to disclose related information in the draft EA report and obtain public scrutiny, a total of 17 large and small, informal public meetings have been held and 616 questionnaires have been handed out, with 600 copies retums (collection rate 97%). Table 18-9 reflects the survey results. 18-8 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wde Table 18-9 Statisticsof third roundpublic participation Survev results No. Public concernedissues Resolve options Persons Satisfied ______I (% ) Air-bornedust impactin (1) sprinkle,(2) speed limitationon 1100 100 constructionperiod on-sitevehicles Noise and vibrationimpact (1) reasonableconstruction schedule, 2 in constructionperiod (2) major noisemaking equipmentfor 1100 100 constructionis forbiddenat night (1) trench digging to be conductedin 3 Traffic inconveniencein accordancewith the design,(2) careful 1080 98 constructionperiod disposalof spoil, (3) efficienttraffic management to be undertaken __I (I) installseptic tanks and oil-water 4 Wastewaterand solid waste separationtanks, (2) designatedpiling 1071 97 in constructionperiod site and periodicalcleaning of construction solid waste .. 5 Odour and noise impact Correspondingmeasures to be taken 1100 100 from treatment plant to eliminate odour Environmentalimpact of Specialtransportation route avoiding 6 sludgesludgetransportaImctiontransportationmonnanlteigt_____ residentialarea, and scheduledin early 1100 100 momilng and late night Pollutionon groundwater Lining structures leachatetreatment 7 by leachateat sludge landfill facilitieswill be constructed 998 91 site 8 Noiseimpact from pumping Noise insulationand elimination 110 100 station and WwTP maesures will be taken Compensationon Constructionagencies take the 9 responsibilityin compliancewith 679 85 agnicultural land occupation reatv nainl .lce ______relative national policics 10 Compensationof JSame as the above 30 82 resettlement l Information disclosure through newspaper The draft EA report has been made available in easily accessible public places such as environmental research institutes and the PMOs, for public scrutiny. The stakeholders have been informed of the completion of the EA and availability of the EA reports through popular local newspaper. 18.2.2.40ther public opinions and suggestions * Precise feasibility study must be taken on location selection of the treatment plant and pipelines to obtain optimal option. The government should guarantee the availability of necessary fund. * Govemment should guarantee enough investment to ensure regular operation of the plant. * Initial preparation work for construction should be secured efficiently by providing sufficient effort to minimize the construction period. * Security measures like installing alarm signals should be undertaken on the construction site. Secure access should be provided on major traffic roads for the convenience of passengers. 18.3 Conclusion The following conclusions have been drawn on the results of public participation. 18.9 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide 18.3.1 This project is acceptable to the public Presently, pollution in the rivers of the project region has serious adverse impacts both on drinkable groundwater and crops production. Living quality and human health have also been affected by the pollution. Therefore most people expressed their strong desire on the cleanup of those polluted rivers, which in their mind will promote sustainable economic development in the local area and improve the standard of living for the local residents. 18.3.2 Public concerns Public concerns from surveys are: Air-borne dust, noise, traffic blocking and spoil disposal in construction period. Odor and noise impact from the plant and leachate from sludge landfill site in -operation phase. * Compensation on agricultural land occupation and resettlement. 18.3.3 Mitigation measures - response to the public The EA team and construction agencies have consulted with public on their concerns and developed substantial mitigation measures. Most people have expressed their understanding and acceptability on mitigation measures of the sensitive issues, like compensation on agricultural land occupation and resettlement. Construction agencies and governments should develop feasible construction options to minimize the impact on local residents during the construction phase. 18-10 Jan15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin rflde 19 Conclusion and Recommendation 19.1 Conclusion 19.1.1 The importanceand essentialityof the projectconstruction Liao River Basin Project financed by the World Bank, which consists of Shenyang, Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou wastewater treatment components, is one of priority projects identified in "Ninth -five Year Plan and 2010 Program for Water Pollution Control and Abatement in Liao River Basin" which approved by the State Council in 1998. The construction of the project will play a significant role in realization of general objective of Liao River Basin water pollution control- improving water and ecological environment within urban area, protecting water resources, promoting the national economic development together with environmental protection, and protecting the people's health. The total amount of wastewater treatment in this project is 1,100,000 tons/day, among which 800,000 tons/day for Shenyang city, 100,000 tons/day for Panjin, Jin'zhou, and Yingkou respectively; the total length of interceptors to be constructed in this project is up to 76.28krn. When the project is finished more than half of the urban wastewater in each project city will be treated which can get a remarkable social, economic and environmental benefits and also can push urban updating and modern development forward. 19.1.2 Environmental quality status and impacts assessment 19.1.2.1 The investigation and assessment for water environmental status (1) Xi River, as a tributary of Hun River, after receiving the sewage discharged from Shenyang City it becomes a wastewater river. According to the investigation, test and monitoring, it is determined that organic pollutant is the main pollutant in the river, and the most serious pollutant is ammonia-N, followed by Oil, BOD5, DO, CODcr which all exceed class V surface water quality standard except the pH value. When the project is finished the water quality in Xi River will improve clearly. It is forecasted that the water quality of Xi River will reach a level between class IV and V standard. Hun River, as a tributary of Daliao river system, it is affected by sewage coming from southem area of Shenyang and Xi River. Three indices of ammonia-N, BOD5 , CODcr are all exceeding class V surface water quality standard. When the project is finished the improvement of water quality of Xi River is clear, the pollution load entering to the Hun River will be reduced largely which will provide a strong basis for realizing the water-cleaning objective of Hun River. (2) Pangxie Ditch: as a tributary of Shuangtaizi River, it will receive the effluent from the proposed Panjin Xinglongtai WwTP. After investigation and monitoring, at present the ammonia-N, Oil, CODcr, and BOD5 contained in the wastewater are all exceeding class V standard. The river has become a sewage ditch with main pollutant of organic substance. When the project is finished, it is forecasted that CODcr and oil can dropped to 37.1% and 31.8% respectively which yet beyond class IV surface water quality standard. Shuangtaizi River: Because affected by industrial and municipal wastewater in Panjin City, the CODcr, oil, and ammonia-N contained in the river water exceed class V standard. When the project is finished it is forecasted that the water quality in this river will improve largely but the CODcr in downstream of Shuangtaizi River 19-1 n 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin W de yet will be 0.89 times higher than class IV standard. (3) Xiaoling River: it will receive effluent from the proposed Jinzhou WwTP. According to investigation and monitoring, the ammonia-N, TP, BOD5, CODcr all exceed class V standard. When the project finished the water quality in Xiaoling River can reach class IV standard. (4) Daliao River: it will receive effluent from the proposed Yingkou WwTP. According to investigation and monitoring, CODcr contained in the river exceed class IV standard, the non-compliance rate of ammonia-N, TP, BOD5 are 11-67%. When the project finished it is forecasted that a large amount of pollution load will be removed and the water quality downstream of Daliao River will improve to class IV standard. 19.1.2.2 Air environmentalsituation and impactsassessment (1) Odorpollution status and impactassessment According to investigation and monitoring there are some degree of exceeding standard for odor pollutants in the area wind downstream of Shenyang WwTP and near to the small bridge over the discharging ditch of Haicheng WwTP. For Panjin, Jinzhou, Yingkou WwTPs the odor will not exceed standard at boundary of the plants. When the project finished it is forecasted that the max. Intensity of odor pollutants in the four cities can all meet the requirements of concemed environmental standard. 20 pumping stations will be built in the four cities. Compared with monitoring results of existing pumping stations, the forecasted odor pollutants are far below national standard, which will impose small impact to air environment. (2) Commonpollutants status and impactassessment According to investigation and monitoring, TSP, SO2 and NO, in each monitoring point of the four cities all meet the Class B Environmental Quality Standard except TSP in Shenyang. Each WwTP will use 1.4MW/h (2tIh) hot water boiler (4t/h by Shenyang WwTP) which consume local coal or mixed coal. Dust trap will be installed, so it is forecasted that the common pollutants such as smoke and dust, SO: will not exceed the requirements in national emission standard. (3) Sanitaryprotection distance According to the forecast and analysis the sanitary protection distance is decided: 400m for Shenyang Xiaoyu village WwTP, 150m for Panjin, Jinzhou and Yingkou WwTP. 19.1.2.3 Acousticenvironmental status and impactassessment According to acoustic environment investigation and monitoring at neighboring area of WwTP and pumping stations of the four cities, it is determined that the noise in day and night time all meet the requirements of class III environmental noise standard. It is forecasted that noise at surrounding area of plant site and pumping stations of Shenyang, Jinzhou and Haicheng will not exceed the plant boundary environmental noise standard. Noise at plant boundary and pumping station for Panjin City exceeds the standard by narrow margin. Noise in the pumping station of Yingkou will exceed standard slightly -vhich is caused by traffic. 19.1.2.4 Sludge status and impact assessment 19-2 Jan I5.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide The total amount of sludge to be produced in the four WwTPs are 799.28 m3/d (the water content is 80%). The sludge constituents are same basically with that in existing WwTPs in our country, which can reach the agricultural utilization standard. The sludge in Shenyang, Panjin, Jinzhou and Haicheng will be mixed and disposed of with municipal solid waste. The specific disposal processes for Jinzhou and Yingkou are sanitary-landfill, Composting for Panjin City, a combination approach of composting and landfill for Shenyang. Yingkou city will construct a new dedicated sludge landfill. The above mentioned sludge disposal sites are all located in marginal land and liner structure will be built at the plant to protect the groundwater. In daily operation the surface will be covered by clay. These measures should be taken to minimize environmental impacts. Meanwhile, the temporary sludge shed will be built near dewatering room and special sludge transportation vehicle and designated delivery route will be used, the transportation also is limited to early morning and late night to minimize the impacts. 19.1.2.5 Groundwater environmental status and impacts assessment The groundwater quality in the project area will basically meet the class III groundwater quality standard, but certain indice in some cities can not meet the standard. The main non- compliance pollution index is ammonia-N and pH value in Shenyang, manganese in Panjin and chrome in Jinzhou. 19.1.2.6 Marine environmental status and impact assessment According to the investigation and monitoring of sea water in Bohai Bay, which is close to estuary of Daliao River, Liao River and Xiaoling River, 10 indice including pH and DO all within the standard except COD. It is forecasted that, when the project finished, a large amount of pollution load will be removed, which will play a positive role in seawater improvement effort and in achieving water quality objective. 19.1.2.7 Red tide, halobios and fishery status and impacts assessment The investigation and monitoring shows that the main pollution factors causing red tide are nitrogen and phosphorus whose concentration is high at near-shore area in Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay and decline to off-shore area by wide margin. COD and ammonia-N in sea zone off Panjin exceed class IV and oil exceed class II for marine water quality standard; for Jinzhou sea waters, nitrogen and phosphrus exceed class II marine water quality standard; for Yingkou sea waters, ammonia-nitrogen and oil both exceed class IV standard. Investigation of marine lives and fishery resources of Bohai Sea shows that most of plankton in Bohai Sea belongs to wide-temperature low-salinity kind, and benthic communities is scarce in shallow area. The fishery resources fall off obviously compared to before. Investigation and forecast results show that the overriding reason causing red tide is nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from near-shore mariculture, rather than municipal source. When the project finished the pollution load to Liao River, Daliao River and Xiaoling Rriver will be removed largely to reduce the existing impacts on red tide occurrence in Liaodong Bay and Bohai Bay, and to play a positive effect on recovery of halobios, fishery resources and sea water quality. 19.1.2.8Investigation at estuary eco-system of Shuangtaizi River Wetland and impact assessment Shuangtaizi River Wetland is an important constituent of Shuangtaizi River Natural Protection Zone (state level), in which there are more than 300 kinds of wild animals including more than 200 kinds of bird, as well as there is enormous reed which formed a spectacular natural 19-3 Jan 15. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environment Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wsde surrounding and ecological system. The pollution of Shuangtaizi River gives a certain adverse effect to the wetland. When the project finished the river water quality will be improved and pollution load will be reduced. It will play a clear positive role to protect and improve wetland and ecological system. 19.1.2.9 Environmental impacts during the construction period Some environmental impacts including air-borne dust, noise, traffic blocking, construction waste and temporary land occupation will be induced during the construction period. These impacts are short-term which will vanish with the end of construction activity. At the same time environmental impacts will be minimized by taking appropriate mitigatory measures. 19.1.2.10 Potential impacts and risk The potential impacts of the project is non-operation, accidental discharge, uncontrolled stockpiling of sludge, sewer crack and odor. Experience shows that the possibility of incidental discharge and sewer crack is extremely low, and can be counteracted by appropriate mitigation measures in a timely manner. The impacts and risk can be minimized. Sludge storage site should be designed, constructed and managed carefully to minimize the impact to an environmentally acceptable level. The odor at plant boundary will be controlled within the national standard when the WwTP operate in stable condition. 19.1.3 Total pollutant volume control 19.13.1 Controlled factor and recommended volume control objective According to Liao River Basin water quality control objective and national, provincial and municipal concerned stipulations, total pollutant volume control strategy will be implemented. The target pollutant for volume control and recommended objective are: For CODcr allowable total discharge amount per year is 40150 tons, removed amount per year is 143299 tons, removal rate 75.4%; For S02 allowable total discharge amount per year is 71.6 tons, removed amount per year is 45.3 tons, removal rate 45.3%; For smoke and dust the total allowable emission amount per year is 23.99 tons, removed amount per year is 443.4tons, removal rate 94.8%; Allowable total amount per year for boiler dust is 1741 tons; Allowable total amount per year for sludge is 253595 tons; Allowable total amount per year for grits is 21170 tons; Allowable total amount per year for screenings is 16973 tons; 19.1.4 The measures and policy to eliminate and relieve the impacts during construction period Details refer to Chapter 14. 19.1.5 Environmental management and monitoring Environmental protection department will be set up within WwTP. A principal leader of the WwTP will be in charge of environmental protection work, at the same time certain personnel should be alloacted in the position of environmental protection for development of environmental protection regulations, operational management procedure and environmental monitoring plan from the WwTP, in order to integrate environmental protection work in the daily operation and management of the project. 19-4 Jan 15.2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmenr Impact Assessment Report-Basin Wide The project should establish laboratory to monitor the operation in accordance with environmental monitoring plan. 19.1.6 Environmental economic losses and benefits As a water pollution control scheme, the project will bring clearly environmental, economic and social benefits in general. 19.1.7 Resettlement and compensation The resettlement only involved in Yingkou project, where compensation has been sufficiently considered in accordance with the national law and local regulations. 19.1.8 Public participation Through a series of way and method such as public meeting, information disclosure meeting, newspaper, questionnaire for public comments, individual interview, follow-up investigation and consultation with experts, social communities, institutions, workers at various age and sex, peasant, government staff, technological staff, teachers, students and doctors are surveyed to leam about their comments and requirements for the project. Through 3 rounds public participation we know that there is a strong public support to the project and the project is thought by the public to bring benefit to our country and the people, and promote the local economic development and increase the people's living quality. The particular public concern is air-borne dust, noise, traffic blocking and construction solid waste in construction phase; odor, noise, leachate of sludge at landfill site during the operation phase; compensation for cultivated land occupied by the project and a small parts of house demolishment. The EA report provides specific mitigation measures to address the above- mentioned issues, which has got the public understanding and support. All in all, the proposed WwTP sites of the four cities are located in suburb area and downstream of urban drainage system, rivers and aquifers. It is found that no environmentally sensitive spot such as famous heritage relics, natural protection zone, well field, institutions and school etc. Near the proposed sits. The treated effluent will be discharged to adjacent surface water body, after mitigation measures to counteract adverse environmental impacts are taken, it is expected that any potential adverse impacts to urban water resources, surface water bodies, groundwater, air, acoustic environment, soil, agricultural plants and surrounding residential area will be eliminated. The implementation of the project will improve the water environmental quality and bio-diversity. The environmental, social and economic benefits are obvious. The WwTP siting, alignment of interceptors and sewers, and wastewater treatment process are rational, so the proposal of Liao River Basin Project is viable. 19.2.1 According to national environmental management regulations for construction project, environmental protection measures should be taken, and the owner of the project should carry out environmental protection measures throughout the project. 19-5 Jlan *S. 2001 Liao River Basin Project Environmental Imnact Assessment Renort - Basin Wide Appendix I River Section Diagram in Each Project City Jan 15. 2001 \ ~~~~~ ~~1.020 \ .,. ,g/~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o sldg pi G ioisemonitoringpoint 0 sample poiut of atmosphere sample point of surface wate] = =/ 1 - -\ \\, >Liu~~~~~~~NA ling River_. g __ _ p a n g x~~~angie Ditch1i); .X Y \ \ \ \ \ , L~~~~~~~~~~~egend - Zi \ \ \ \ \ . - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Exsitingpiplinle A~Air Monitoring Point X\ \ \ \ ~~~~~~~~~~Locationof WWTP Point, \ \ I \ \ ~~~~~~~~~Pumpstation \ ...... l ...... \ tLocation of landfill site ... 1: Palljin * I \ 1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Surface Waterlvt-orlt rin-g. I \ l \ I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CrossSeclion | l \ _ \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-\ ~~~~ Scale : 1: 70000 ------~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ z .. -. - - i v~~~~~~~islillage -Xiaoi~~ Legend Wastewater pipe interceptorWastewater covert box location of WwTP C pump i'er Rver station D location ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~locationofof outfalllandfill site _ //AAir MonitoringAAirMoniorig Pont®Nois~ePointo Point Monitoring Surface Water Monitoring Cross Section Scale :1 6000 \LegendI \ $ t _| pipline- _ -ExsitingA Air MonitoringPoint propoyedpipeline ®3Noise Monitoring Point . *---Location -|- of WwTP -. \__;i]--T -- -S - SurfaceWater Monitoring~ \ ! Pump' ' station' ' l ° ICrossSeei;oiun-. landfill sitec Yingkout, -~ ~~… ~~7j.,~~-.4 ;,Location of I cale I 1: 0lnn Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Regort - Basin Wide Appendix II City Photos Jan 15 2001 -I. .--. - * aS - - 4 -**.- =44* k- L ' Xi River which receives raw wastewater and will receive effluent from the wastewater treatment LRBP in Shenvang plant in ~~ l __~ - ~~ XiRvrwihrcie_ a_atwae n ilrcieefun rm h at~trtetetpati The wastewater treatment plant site of Panjin Pangxie Ditch which will receive effluent from the wastewater treatment plant in Panjin -- T-heproposed wastewater treatment plant site of Jinzhou ur, mS , " S.~~~~~~~~~~~~~4z The existin- solid wastedisposal site in Jinzhou, to be upgradedfor slud-e disposalin theLRBP One of the outfalls to be improved in the LRBP in Yingkou T a atm p s i Y- ~~~ , *_f - ,_ The wastewater treatment plant site in Yingkou Liao River Basin Project Environmental Impact Assessment Report - Basin Wide Appendix III Agreements for Sludge Disposal between the WwTP and Municipal Solid Waste Management Department in the Project Cities Jan 15.2001 13.5 ; '' ' ! i' ' ' ; ' * '', 9 -I. * j!, , , . j,; ~~,I I::; :'i I ' // : :: : .' ~~~Ii1J 'J .:,j -i ' 7¶i~ ' ; : ,:-I ;,i1 . *i i ! *- fl.Hi'Jt * e *j',* L-jj- f! 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