DOCSLIB.ORG

Fr Tadros Yacoub Malaty

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

APANORAMIC VIEW OF PATRISTICS St George’s Coptic Orthodox Church, Sporting, Alexandria, Egypt Website: www.stgeorge-sporting.org Call: (203) 591 9888 Fax: (203) 590 2888 E-mail: [email protected] A PANORAMIC VIEW OF PATRISTICS IN THE FIRST SIX CENTURIES WITH AN OVERVIEW OF SELECTED COPTIC ORTHODOX FATHERS AND AUTHORS OF THE MIDDLE AGES Fr. Tadros Y. Malaty St George’s Coptic Orthodox Church Sporting, Alexandria, Egypt Preparatory Edition 2005 A Panoramic View of Patristics In the First Six Centuries by Fr. Tadros Yacoub Malaty Published by St George’s Coptic Orthodox Church, Sporting, Alexandria ISBN Printed in Alexandria Preparatory Edition February 2005 By St Mina’s Monastery Press His Holiness Pope Shenouda III Pope of Alexandria and 117th Patriarch of the See of Saint Mark vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface xix INTRODUCTION 1 Definition 1 2. The title “Father” 1 3. Qualifications for the “Father” in Patrology 1 4. The Authority of the Fathers 2 5. The Language of the Egyptian Fathers 2 6. The History of Patrology 2 7. Classification of Patristic Writings 3 8. Outline of Patristic Literature 4 CHAPTER ONE THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS AND THE APOSTLES’ CREED Writings of the Apostolic Fathers 1. St Clement of Rome 7 2. St Ignatius 8 3. St Polycarp 8 4. Barnabas 8 5. Hermas 9 6. The Epistle to Diognetus 9 7. Papias of Hierapolis 9 8. Quadratus 10 9. The Didache 10 10. The Apostles’ Creed 10 viii The Early Apologists 1. Quadratus 12 2. Author of the Letter to Diognetus 12 3. Author of the Preaching of Peter 12 4. Aristides of Athens 12 5. Aristo of Pella 12 6. St Justin the Martyr 12 7. Tatian the Syrian 14 8. Apollinaris of Hierapolis 15 9. Miltiades 15 10. Theophilus of Antioch 15 11. Melito Bishop of Sardis 16 12. Minucius Felix 17 13. Tertullian 17 14. The Sayings of Sextus 19 15. Athenagoras of Athens 19 16. Hermias 19 CHAPTER TWO THE BEGINNING OF OTHER CHRISTIAN LITERATURE 1. The Apocryphal Literature of the Scriptures 21 2. The Beginning of Christian Poetry and Early Hymns 23 3. The First Acts of the Martyrs 24 4. The Beginning of Heretical Literature 25 5. The Beginning of Anti-Heretical Literature 26 Gnosticism and the Main Gnostic Sects 1. Gnostic Teachings 27 2. Gnosticism and Alexandria 28 3. Why Did Gnosticism Spread in Alexandria? 28 4. Our Concept of Christian Knowledge 29 ix Selected Christian Gnostics 1. Basilides 30 2. Carpocrates 30 3. Valentinus 30 4. Mani and the Manichaeans 31 Some Early Anti-Heretical Writers 1. Dionysius of Corinth 32 2. Pinytus of Gnossus 32 3. Serapion of Antioch 32 4. Hegesippus 33 5. St Irenaeus 33 6. Others 34 CHAPTER THREE EARLY CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS Early Schools of Thought 36 The Importance of Early Christian Schools 36 EASTERN CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS 1. School of Alexandria 36 2. School of Caesarea 37 3. Antiochian School 37 4. National Syrian School of Edessa 38 5. Nestorian School of Nisibis 38 6. School of Evagrian Mysticism 38 7. School of Realistic-Traditonalistic 38 WESTERN CHRISTIAN SCHOOL African School 39 x DEANS AND FATHERS OF THE SCHOOL OF ALEXANDRIA 1. Athenagoras 41 2. Pantaenus 41 3. Clement of Alexandria 42 4. Origen 42 5. Heraclas 45 6. St Dionysius the Great of Alexandria 46 7. Theognostus 47 8. Pierius 47 9. St Peter the Seal of Martyrs 47 10. St Alexander of Alexandria 48 11. St Athanasius the Apostolic 49 12. Serapion of Thmius 52 13. Didymus the Blind 53 14. St Theophilus of Alexandria 54 15. Synesius of Cyrene 56 16. St Cyril the Great 57 17. St Dioscorus 61 18. St Timothy Aelurus 64 CHAPTER FOUR THE SCHOOL OF ANTIOCH Antioch 68 The School of Antioch 68 Its Program 68 Stages of the Antiochian School 69 Main Characteristics of Antiochian Theology (in Comparison With Alexandrian Theology) 69 Problems of the School of Antioch 70 Antiochian and Alexandrian Christological Thoughts 70 The Alexandrian Hypostatic Union “ e[nwsij kaqV u`po,stasin” 71 The Antiochian Dyophyses “ du,o fu,seij” Two Natures) 71 The “Indwelling” Theory and the Historic-Grammatical Method of Exegesis 72 xi The Antiochians' Theory and Our Redemption 72 FATHERS AND THEOLOGIANS OF ANTIOCH AND SYRIA 1. Ignatius of Antioch 74 2. Theophilus of Antioch 75 3. Paul of Samosata and Malchion of Antioch 75 4. Lucian of Antioch 76 5. Eusebius of Emesa 77 6. Eustathius of Antioch 77 7. Aetius of Antioch 78 8. Eunomius of Cyzicus 78 9. Acacius of Caesarea 78 10. Gelasius of Caesrea 79 11. Euzoius of Caesarea 79 12. Nemesius of Emesa 79 13. Apollinaris of Laodicea 80 14. Marcellus of Ancyra 81 15. Meletius of Antioch 82 16. Diodore of Tarsus 83 17. Severian of Gabala 84 18. Theodore of Mopsuestia 85 19. Nilus of Ancyra 86 20. Polychronius of Apamea 87 21. St Mark the Recluse 88 22. St John Chrysostom 88 23. Acacius of Beroea 89 24. Antiochus of Ptolemais 90 25. Macarius Magnes 90 26. Didachus of Photice 90 27. Eutherius Archbisop of Tyana 90 28. Hesychius of Jerusalem 91 29. Theodoret of Cyrus 91 30. Prochlus of Constantinople 94 31. Basil of Seleucia 95 xii 32. Gennadius of Constantinople 95 33. Zacharias the Rhetor 95 34. John of Ephesus (John of Asia) 96 CHAPTER FIVE OTHER ANTIOCHIAN AND SYRIAN THEOLOGIANS 1. Tatian the Syrian 98 2. Melito of Sardis 98 3. Bardaisan (Bardesanes) 99 4. Harmonius 99 5. Jacob of Nisibis 100 6. Asona 100 7. Eusebius Bishop of Caesarea 101 8. Simon Bar-Saboe 102 9. Jacob Aphraates 102 10. St Ephraem the Syrian 103 11. Gregory the Monk 105 12. Ahi Catholicos of Madaen 106 13. Marutha of Maiperqat 106 14. Rabbula of Edessa 107 15. St Balai 108 16. Ibas of Edessa 108 17. Isaac of Antioch 109 18. St Simeon the Stylite 110 19. St Philoxenus of Mabbug 110 20. Barsauma Bishop of Nisibis 112 21. Acacius of Seleucia 113 22. Narsai (Narses) 113 23. St Joannes Saba 114 24. Polycarpus of Mabbug 115 25. Stephen Bar Sudayle 115 26. St Simeon Kokoyo 115 27. St Jacob of Sarug 116 xiii 28. Elisha Bar Kosbayee 117 29. Sergius of Ris'ayna 117 30. St Severus of Antioch 118 31. St John of Tella (Bar Kursos) 120 32. Simeon of Beth-Arsham 121 33. Aba 121 34. St Jacob Baradaeus (Bord'ono) 122 35. Isaac the Syrian 123 CHAPTER SIX THE WRITERS OF ASIA MINOR 1. Eusebius of Nicomedia 126 2. Theognis of Nicaea 127 3. Basil of Ancyra 127 4. Marcellus of Ancyra 127 5. Asterius the Sophist 127 THE CAPPADOCIAN FATHERS 1. St Gregory Thaumaturgus 129 2. St Basil the Great of Caesarea 131 3. St Gregory of Nazianzus the Theologian 133 4. St Gregory of Nyssa 135 5. Amphilochius of Iconium 136 6. Asterius of Amsaea 137 OTHER EASTERN FATHERS AND THEOLOGIANS 1. St Epiphanius of Salamis 138 2. Hegemonius 139 3. Titus of Bostra 139 xiv CHAPTER SEVEN ANTE-NICENE WESTERN FATHERS AND WRITERS 1. Tertullian 141 2. St Cyprian of Carthage 141 3. Hippolytus 143 4. Commodian 144 5. Lactantius 145 6. Arnobius of Sicca 146 7. Victorinus of Pettau 147 8. Reticius of Autun 147 POST-NICENE WESTERN FATHERS AND THEOLOGIANS 1. Eusebius of Vercelli 148 2. St Hilary of Poitiers 149 3. Lucifer 150 4. Damasus of Rome 150 5. Ambrose of Milan 151 6. Rufinus of Aquileia 153 7. St Jerome 153 8. Innocent I 156 9. St Augustine of Hippo 156 10. Caesarius of Arles 158 11. Gregory the Great 159 12. Bede 160 CHAPTER EIGHT OTHER POST-NICENE WESTERN FATHERS AND WRITERS The School of Lerins 162 Poets 162 Church Historians 163 1. John Cassian 163 xv 2. Juvencus 164 3. Prudentius 164 4. Sulpicius Severus 165 5. Claudius Marius Victorius 166 6. Ausonius of Aquitania 166 7. Paulinus of Nola 167 8. Salvian of Marseilles 168 9. Faustus of Riez 169 10. Cyprian of Gaul 169 11. Claudius Claudianus 170 12. Honoratus of Arles 170 13. Hilary of Arles 170 14. Prosper 172 15. Sidonius Apollinaris 173 16. Sedulius 174 17. Vincent of Lerins 174 18. Eucherius of Lyons 176 19. Marius Mercator 176 20. Gennadius of Marseilles 177 21. Dracontius 178 22. Avitus 178 23. Victor of Tununum 179 24. Facundus of Hermiane 179 25. Liberatus Diaconus 179 CHAPTER NINE MAIN HERETICS AND HERESIES OF THE FIRST SIX CENTURIES 1. Ebionites 181 2. Gnostics 182 3. Millenarians / Millennialists / Chiliasts 182 4. Docetists 185 5. Marcionists 185 6. Montanists 187 xvi 7. Origenists 188 8. Quartodecimans 193 9. Artemonites 194 10. Monarchians (a. Patripassians; b. Sabellians) 194 11. Manichaeans 195 12. Novatians 196 13. Donatists 198 14. Arians 200 15. Semi-Arians 201 16. Anomoeans / Eunomians 202 17. Pneumatomachi / Macedonians 202 18. Messalians 203 19. Priscillians 203 20. Pelagians 204 21. Apollinarians 207 22. Nestorians 208 23. Eutychians or Monophysites 214 CHAPTER TEN MONOPHYSITE VS MIAPHYSITE Introduction 221 Etymology of the Terms 'Monophysite' and 'Miaphysite' 221 1. Monophysite 221 2. Miaphysite of Non Chalcedonians 222 How Did It All Begin 222 Condemnation of Pope Dioscorus at Chalcedon in 451 223 The Difference Between Antiochian and Alexandrian Traditions 223 Contemporary View of the Situation 224 The Term 'Monophysites': A Modern Scholary Appellation 225 St Cyril of Alexandria's Miaphysis 226 Efforts in Bridging the Gap During the Papacy of Pope Shenouda III By the Coptic Orthodox Church After Chalcedon 227 xvii CHAPTER ELEVEN MAIN WRITERS AND WRITINGS OF EGYPTIAN MONASTICISM 1. St Anthony 231 2. St Amoun (Ammonas) 232 3. St Pachomius 233 4.
Recommended publications
  • The 'Teachers' of Mani in the Acta Archelai and Simon Magus

    The 'Teachers' of Mani in the Acta Archelai and Simon Magus

    THE ‘TEACHERS’ OF MANI IN THE ACTA ARCHELAI AND SIMON MAGUS 1 by ESZTER SPÄT Abstract: This paper aims to prove that the biography of Mani in the Acta Archelae of Hegemonius, which contains a great number of completely ctitious elements, was in fact drawn up on the le of Simon Magus, pater omnium haereticorum , using the works of heresiologists and the apocryphal acts, espe- cially the Pseudo-Clementine Recognitiones , as a model and source. There are a great number of elements in this Vita Manis that bear a strong resemblance to the well known motives of Simon’s life. Projecting Simon’s life over that of Mani serves as tool to reinforce the image of Mani that Hegemonius tried to convey: that of just another ‘run of the mill’ heretic, one in the long line of the disciples of Simon, and a fraud and devoid of any originality. The Acta Archelai of Hegemonius, 2 composed between 330 and 348 in Syria, 3 was the rst Christian work written against Manichaeans. The text of the Acta, as a whole, has survived only in the Latin translation, though a great part of its Greek text has been preserved in the Panarion (or ‘Medicine Chest’) of Epiphanius, who seems to have often copied his source almost word for word in the chapter on Manichaeism. 4 Besides being the rst it was also, in many respects, the most in uential. It was a source of mate- rial, both on Manichaean mythology and on the gure of Mani, for a long list of historians and theologians who engaged in polemics against the 1 I express my thanks to Professor J.
  • A Letter to Pope Francis Concerning His Past, the Abysmal State of Papism, and a Plea to Return to Holy Orthodoxy

    A Letter to Pope Francis Concerning His Past, the Abysmal State of Papism, and a Plea to Return to Holy Orthodoxy

    A Letter to Pope Francis Concerning His Past, the Abysmal State of Papism, and a Plea to Return to Holy Orthodoxy The lengthy letter that follows was written by His Eminence, the Metropolitan of Piraeus, Seraphim, and His Eminence, the Metropolitan of Dryinoupolis, Andrew, both of the Church of Greece. It was sent to Pope Francis on April 10, 2014. The Orthodox Christian Information Center (OrthodoxInfo.com) assisted in editing the English translation. It was posted on OrthodoxInfo.com on Great and Holy Monday, April 14, 2014. The above title was added for the English version and did not appear in the Greek text. Metropolitan Seraphim is well known and loved in Greece for his defense of Orthodoxy, his strong stance against ecumenism, and for the philanthropic work carried out in his Metropolis (http://www.imp.gr/). His Metropolis is also well known for Greece’s first and best ecclesiastical radio station: http://www.pe912fm.com/. This radio station is one of the most important tools for Orthodox outreach in Greece. Metropolitan Seraphim was born in 1956 in Athens. He studied law and theology, receiving his master’s degree and his license to practice law. In 1980 he was tonsured a monk and ordained to the holy diaconate and the priesthood by His Beatitude Seraphim of blessed memory, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece. He served as the rector of various churches and as the head ecclesiastical judge for the Archdiocese of Athens (1983) and as the Secretary of the Synodal Court of the Church of Greece (1985-2000). In December of 2000 the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarch elected him as an auxiliary bishop of the Holy Archdiocese of Australia in which he served until 2002.
  • Saint Athanasius and Saint Cyril Coptic Orthodox Theological School

    Saint Athanasius and Saint Cyril Coptic Orthodox Theological School

    Saint Athanasius and Saint Cyril Coptic Orthodox Theological School 2020 - 2021 Catalog www.actslibrary.org PREACHING THE KINGDOM. TEACHING CHRIST. Saint Athanasius and Saint Cyril Coptic Orthodox Theological School: Catalog 2019-2020 ©2019 by Saint Athanasius and Saint Cyril Coptic Orthodox Theological School By matriculating, all students agree to abide by the Saint Athanasius and Saint Cyril Coptic Orthodox Theological School, hereinafter referred to as “ACTS,” rules and regulations. ACTS reserves the right to change the conditions of admission or the course of study, revise degree requirements, academic policies and procedures, and/or change or cancel courses currently scheduled for the program of study without prior notification. Any changes in the conditions for admission or in the program of study will be communicated to the student in writing. Accreditation and State Approval Saint Athanasius and Saint Cyril Coptic Orthodox Theological School is currently unaccredited but is seeking national accreditation by an accreditor recognized by the United States Department of Education, the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and the International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE). The procedures for accreditation review are available upon request. California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education The California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE) The BPPE is a unit of the California Department of Consumer Affairs. The BPPE ensures that private institutions of postsecondary education are conducted lawfully. ACTS is approved as an Exempt Institution under The California Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE). Any questions students may have regarding this catalog that have not been satisfactorily answered by the institution may contact the Bureau for Private Postsecondary Education at 2535 Capitol Oaks Drive, Suite 400, Sacramento, CA 95833, www.bppe.ca.gov, toll-free telephone number (888) 370-7589 or by fax (916) 263-1897.
  • Arab-‐West Report, May 26, 2014 St. Demiana's Monastery: an Oasis Of

    Arab-‐West Report, May 26, 2014 St. Demiana's Monastery: an Oasis Of

    Arab-West Report, May 26, 2014 St. Demiana’s Monastery: an oasis of spirituality Author: Weston Bland Photos: Weston Bland On Friday, May 16, as part of a group of diverse national and religious background, I had the opportunity to attend the moulid, or festival, of St. Demiana [Dimyana] at her namesake monastery in the villaGe of Demiana in the district Barrary-Belqas in the Egyptian Delta. In general, the trip, orGanized by the Center for Arab-West Understanding, provided a fascinatinG look into the dynamics of a popular reliGious celebration, as well as into the lives of the nuns that live and work on the grounds of the monastery. St. Demiana’s festival is a popular Christian celebration that attracts larGe numbers of visitors every year. Traditionally, the celebrations include activities both within the monastery complex, as well as on the Grounds surroundinG the complex. This year however, the outside celebrations were significantly scaled back due to security concerns; these concerns were underscored by the heavy security presence we encountered at the perimeter of the festival Grounds upon arrivinG. Ultimately though, such concerns seemed to have had little effect in deterring the significant crowds of the faithful that still turned out for the celebration. Crowds inside the monastery; photo: Mother Theoliptie photo: Weston Bland External festival Grounds; photo: Mother Theoliptie After enterinG the monastery complex, we were quickly directed to the primary church where prayers were taking place. In the front of the hall, our group was given a brief audience with Metropolitan Bishoy, the Orthodox Metropolitan for Damietta, Kafr al-Sheikh, and the abbot of the monastery.
  • Bulletin De L'institut Français D'archéologie Orientale

    Bulletin De L'institut Français D'archéologie Orientale

    MINISTÈRE DE L'ÉDUCATION NATIONALE, DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT SUPÉRIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE BULLETIN DE L’INSTITUT FRANÇAIS D’ARCHÉOLOGIE ORIENTALE en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne en ligne BIFAO 113 (2013), p. 381-432 Antonia St Demiana In Michaelem. The Encomium on Michael the Archangel Attributed to Severus of Antioch Conditions d’utilisation L’utilisation du contenu de ce site est limitée à un usage personnel et non commercial. Toute autre utilisation du site et de son contenu est soumise à une autorisation préalable de l’éditeur (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). Le copyright est conservé par l’éditeur (Ifao). Conditions of Use You may use content in this website only for your personal, noncommercial use. Any further use of this website and its content is forbidden, unless you have obtained prior permission from the publisher (contact AT ifao.egnet.net). The copyright is retained by the publisher (Ifao). Dernières publications 9782724708288 BIFAO 121 9782724708424 Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l'étranger (BAEFE) 9782724707878 Questionner le sphinx Philippe Collombert (éd.), Laurent Coulon (éd.), Ivan Guermeur (éd.), Christophe Thiers (éd.) 9782724708295 Bulletin de liaison de la céramique égyptienne 30 Sylvie Marchand (éd.) 9782724708356 Dendara. La Porte d'Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724707953 Dendara. La Porte d’Horus Sylvie Cauville 9782724708394 Dendara. La Porte d'Hathor Sylvie Cauville 9782724708011 MIDEO 36 Emmanuel Pisani (éd.), Dennis Halft (éd.) © Institut français d’archéologie orientale - Le Caire Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 In Michaelem The Encomium on Michael the Archangel Attributed to Severus of Antioch An Edition of the Coptic Text of P.
  • Colin Mcallister Regnum Caelorum Terrestre: the Apocalyptic Vision of Lactantius May 2016

    Colin Mcallister Regnum Caelorum Terrestre: the Apocalyptic Vision of Lactantius May 2016

    Colin McAllister Regnum Caelorum Terrestre: The Apocalyptic Vision of Lactantius May 2016 Abstract: The writings of the early fourth-century Christian apologist L. Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius have been extensively studied by historians, classicists, philosophers and theologians. But his unique apocalyptic eschatology expounded in book VII of the Divinae Institutiones, his largest work, has been relatively neglected. This paper will distill Lactantius’s complex narrative and summarize his sources. In particular, I investigate his chiliasm and the nature of the intermediate state, as well as his portrayal of the Antichrist. I argue that his apocalypticism is not an indiscriminate synthesis of varying sources - as it often stated - but is essentially based on the Book of Revelation and other Patristic sources. +++++ The eminent expert on all things apocalyptic, Bernard McGinn, wrote: Even the students and admirers of Lactantius have not bestowed undue praise upon him. To Rene Pichon [who wrote in 1901 what is perhaps still the seminal work on Lactantius’ thought] ‘Lactantius is mediocre in the Latin sense of the word - and also a bit in the French sense’; to Vincenzo Loi [who studied Lactantius’ use of the Bible] ‘Lactantius is neither a philosophical or theological genius nor linguistic genius.’ Despite these uneven appraisals, the writings of the early fourth-century Christian apologist L. Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius [c. 250-325] hold, it seems, a little something for everyone.1 Political historians study Lactantius as an important historical witness to the crucial transitional period from the Great Persecution of Diocletian to the ascension of Constantine, and for insight into the career of the philosopher Porphyry.2 Classicists and 1 All dates are anno domini unless otherwise indicated.
  • Paul's 'Works of the Law' in the Perspective Of

    Paul's 'Works of the Law' in the Perspective Of

    Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament · 2. Reihe Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey (Zürich) Mitherausgeber/Associate Editors Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) ∙ James A. Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Tobias Nicklas (Regensburg) ∙ J. Ross Wagner (Durham, NC) 468 Matthew J. Thomas Paul’s ‘Works of the Law’ in the Perspective of Second Century Reception Mohr Siebeck Matthew J. Thomas, born 1985; BA, Pepperdine University; MCS, Regent College; D.Phil, University of Oxford; currently serves as Visiting Assistant Professor of Sacred Scripture at St. Patrick’s Seminary and University, and Instructor in Theology for Regent College. orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-7848 ISBN 978-3-16-156275-4 / eISBN 978-3-16-156281-5 DOI 10.1628 / 978-3-16-156281-5 ISSN 0340-9570 / eISSN 2568-7484 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testa- ment, 2. Reihe) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2018 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Gomaringen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany. For Nabeel Qureshi (1983–2017) Preface This book is a lightly revised version of my doctoral dissertation at the Universi- ty of Oxford, and my family and I are indebted to many individuals for their encouragement to pursue the project and helping to bring it to completion.
  • 3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers by Tim Warner © Copyright

    3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers by Tim Warner © Copyright

    The Evolution of God 3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers By Tim Warner © Copyright www.4windsfellowships.net he earliest Christian writers whose works have survived, those known to have direct connections to the Apostles, were one disciple of Paul (Clement of Rome) T and two disciples of John (Polycarp1 of Smyrna and Ignatius2 of Antioch). These authors had been personally instructed by the Apostles and were leaders within the Christian assemblies established by the Apostles. The writings of these men were addressed to fellow believers or assemblies, being pastoral in nature rather than apologetic. They did not attempt to refute heresy or extensively define doctrines, since commonality of doctrine was assumed between writer and his audience. Their surviving works did not attempt to interact with pagans or portray Christianity in ways the pagans could easily digest. They were intended to be read and digested by Christians. These most ancient specimens reflect the common Christian belief in the personal preexistence of the Son of God as the “Word” (Logos) of John’s prologue, His emptying Himself to become fully human, His exaltation to the right hand of God, and His future role as King. Earliest Christian Writers with direct Connections to the Apostles: Clement of Rome: In his epistle to the Corinthians, Clement of Rome referred to Jesus Christ as the speaker in Psalm 118:18, calling Him the “Word.” Clement writes: “For thus saith the holy Word: ‘The Lord hath severely chastened me, yet hath not given me over to death.’”3 That the one speaking in Psalm 118 is the Son of God is shown just four verses later: “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone.
  • 2021 H.H Pope Tawadros II H.G

    2021 H.H Pope Tawadros II H.G

    2021 H.H Pope Tawadros II H.G. Bishop Karas Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of Bishop of Pennsylvania and its the See of St. Mark affiliated regions Be My Wi tness... TABLE OF CONTENTS PagE I Am A Shining Star 6 I Will Shine For My Family 15 I Will Shine For My Church 22 I Will Shine For My Community 28 I Will Shine For My Country 35 3 B e My W itness. .. Be My Witness... I AM A SHINING STAR It was finally that time of year! Our city was holding its Annual Arts Competition for schools all across the city. The purpose of this competition was to enhance the kids’ talents. This year, the theme of the competition was “The Paper World”. Each participant was required to present a piece of art using paper either by drawing, making shapes or using paper mache. Fady enjoyed making paper shapes so he was very excited to participate. Fady decided to make a model of a city using paper. He dreamed of living in a perfect city. He wanted to call it “The City of Virtues”. Because Fady’s dad was an architect, he helped him draw a plan for the city. Fady started to follow exactly what was on the drawing his dad made. Two weeks later, Fady completed his model for “The City of Virtues.” The highlights of his city included: the Virtues Street, the Values Island, the River of Life, the Paradise of Saints, the Tree of Love and the Tree of Peace. At the centre of the city there was a High Tower where the Wiseman lived.
  • Faith for Web.P65

    Faith for Web.P65

    Faith of Our Fathers: Holy Faith A HANDBOOK FOR YOUTHS The Faith of Our Fathers: Holy Faith A Handbook for Youths Editor: Fr. A. K. Cherian 61 MARY STREET TAPPAN, NEW YORK 10983 PHONE (845) 359 - 9583 Published by : Sophia Books Surya Guest Lane, Thekkenada, Kottayam Ph: 0481 - 3255054, 99471 20697 First Published : Aug. 2006 Copyright reserved Number of copies : 1000 Cover, D.T.P. & Printing : Sophia Print House, Kottayam Ph: 0481 - 3255054 Faith of Our Fathers: Holy Faith A Handbook for Youths Editor Fr. A. K. Cherian Sophia Books Kottayam - 686 001 Dedication This hand book for the youths is dedicated to the Blessed memory of the late Catholicos, His Holiness Baselios Mar Thoma Mathews II And To the present Metropolitan of American Diocese, His Grace Mathews Mar Barnabas who prayed and toiled earnestly and selflessly for the betterment and spiritual growth of the young men and women of the American Diocese. FORWARD INITIATION IN TO ORTHODOXY Dr. Gabriel Mar Gregorios Father A. K. Cherian is accomplishing an important task of conveying the faith of the Orthodox Church to the young generation of our times. The faith of our fathers / mothers is holy faith. It, as this volume very convincingly brings out, is based on the Scriptures experienced in our day to day life through liturgical celebrations, expressed in history throuth the the fathers of the Councils, lived out by the Saints and represented through various Christian arts such as icons music etc. In the Orthodox understanding Holy Sacraments are Holy Mysteries since they initiate us into the saving works of Christ.
  • The Expansion of Christianity: a Gazetteer of Its First Three Centuries

    The Expansion of Christianity: a Gazetteer of Its First Three Centuries

    THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY SUPPLEMENTS TO VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE Formerly Philosophia Patrum TEXTS AND STUDIES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND LANGUAGE EDITORS J. DEN BOEFT — J. VAN OORT — W.L. PETERSEN D.T. RUNIA — C. SCHOLTEN — J.C.M. VAN WINDEN VOLUME LXIX THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY A GAZETTEER OF ITS FIRST THREE CENTURIES BY RODERIC L. MULLEN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mullen, Roderic L. The expansion of Christianity : a gazetteer of its first three centuries / Roderic L. Mullen. p. cm. — (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, ISSN 0920-623X ; v. 69) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13135-3 (alk. paper) 1. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. I. Title. II. Series. BR165.M96 2003 270.1—dc22 2003065171 ISSN 0920-623X ISBN 90 04 13135 3 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Anya This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ ix Introduction ................................................................................ 1 PART ONE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES IN ASIA BEFORE 325 C.E. Palestine .....................................................................................
  • The Importance of Athanasius and the Views of His Character

    The Importance of Athanasius and the Views of His Character

    The Importance of Athanasius and the Views of His Character J. Steven Davis Submitted to Dr. Jerry Sutton School of Divinity Liberty University September 19, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: Research Proposal Abstract .............................................................................................................................11 Background ......................................................................................................................11 Limitations ........................................................................................................................18 Method of Research .........................................................................................................19 Thesis Statement ..............................................................................................................21 Outline ...............................................................................................................................21 Bibliography .....................................................................................................................27 Chapter II: Background of Athanasius An Influential Figure .......................................................................................................33 Early Life ..........................................................................................................................33 Arian Conflict ...................................................................................................................36