Project Number: 45030-002 January 2016

Environmental Monitoring Report

PRC: Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project

Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the People’s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank

This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Asian Development Bank

Environmental Monitoring Report

Project Number: 45030-002 Quarterly Report January 2016

People’s Republic of China: Yunnan Sustainable

Road Maintenance (Sector) Project

Prepared by Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the People’s Republic of China and the Asian Development Bank

PRC-3074: Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project

The 4th Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report in 2015

Drafted in January 2016

For G320 (Xiangyun section) and G323 (Fu’ning section)-Maintenance Components

Prepared by the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau for the Asian Development Bank

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT VI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VII I. DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPONENT 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2 A. Geology 2 B. Climate Condition 2 C. Hydrology 3 D. Natural Resource 3 III. REPORT PREPARATION 3 A. Purposes and Objectives 4 B. Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework 4 C. Report Period 5 D. Scope of Environment Monitoring 5 E. Potential Environmental Impacts 5 IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP 6 A. Detailed design drawings and bidding documents 7 B. Institutional Arrangements 7 C. Construction Supervisors 7 D. Implementation status of the mitigation measures 8 E. Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Results 11 F. Institutional Capacity Building and Training 14 V. PUBLIC CONSULTATION, INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 16 A. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure 16 B. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 17 VI. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 19

APPENDIX 1: SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND THE MITIGATION MEASURES IMPLEMENTED 23 APPENDIX 2: SITE PHOTOS 40

List of Figures, Tables and Pictures

Figure 1 Organizational Chart for Supervision of Environmental Protection, Water and Soil Conservation 8 Figure 2 Procudures of Project GRM 18

Table- 1 List of Environmental Sensitive Receptors alongside G320 and G323 Lines 5 Table- 2 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water（GB3838-2002） 11 Table- 3 Water Quality Monitoring Results of the reservoir in Xizhelong Village 11 Table- 4 Ambient Air Quality Standard（GB3095-1996） 11 Table- 5 Air Quality Monitoring Results Nearby G320 and G323 Lines 12 Table- 6 Environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008) 12 Table- 7 Emission standard of environment noise for boundary of construction site （GB12523-2011） 13 Table- 8 Major Noise Source 13 Table- 9 Noise Monitoring Results of the Environmental Sensitive Receptors Along G320 and G323 Lines 13 Table- 10 List of Persons Consulted With 16

Picture A2- 1 Construction workers laying roadside ditch 40 Picture A2- 2 Haulage vehicle covered with canvas 40 Picture A2- 3 Laying trench plate in front of village houses 41 Picture A2- 4 Construction notice and safety warning boards established 41 Picture A2- 5 Road surface after dust suppressing 42 Picture A2- 6 Construction signboard of G320 pavement maintenance component 42 Picture A2- 7 Onsite environmental awareness training 43 Picture A2- 8 Onsite consultation with construction workers 43 Picture A2- 9 Onsite sampling 44 Picture A2- 10 Traffic diversion signboard 44

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 3 February 2015)

Currency unit – Yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $ 0.1520 $1.00 = CNY 6.5789

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank ADB SPS – Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 CEWP – Construction Environmental Work Plan CIEE – Consolidated Initial Environmental Examination(i.e. many subprojects addressed in one IEE) dBA – A measure of audible (the ear) noise EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan ESSU – Environment, Social and Safety Unit (established within YHAB) GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IEE – Initial Environmental Examination masl – metres above sea level PMO – Project Management Office PPTA – Project Preparation Technical Assistance PRC – People’s Republic of China RP – Resettlement Plan RoW – Right of Way SDAP – Social Development Action Plan subIDForm – Sub-identification form, provided in the project’s Operations Manual summarizing all features for a subproject vpd – Vehicles per day YEPD – Yunnan Environmental Protection Department YHAB – Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau YHDIC – Yunnan Highway Development and Investment Co. Ltd YPDOT – Yunnan Provincial Department of Transportation YSRI – Yunnan Science and Technology Research Institute of Highways YTPRDI – Yunnan Transport Planning Research and Design Institute

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

CO – Carbon monoxide kph – Kilometers per hour mu – Land measurement unit = 666.6m2

NO2 – Nitrate or Nitrogen Dioxide

SO2 – Sulphur dioxide

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars.

Monitoring Indicators

Water Quality

SS – Suspended substance

CODcr – Chemical oxygen demand pH – pH value DO – Dissolved oxygen

Air Quality

PM10 – Inhalable particulate matter (particle size less than 10 microns, harmful to the lungs)

NO2 – Nitrogen dioxide

SO2 – Sulfur dioxide

This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of Asian Development Bank Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.

Acknowledgement We hereby want to show our great appreciation to all the following parties for their great guide and help on data collection and preparation of this report, including:

• Mr. Shen Haiping, the deputy director of YHAB, and Mr. Zhang Shijun and Miss. Wu Likun of YHAB; YSRI; Dali and Wenshan General Sections; and the leaders and staff members in G320 and G323 line project management offices, have spent a large amount of time and efforts. The ADB project environmental specialist and project officer both participated in the completion of this report, and their inputs are acknowledged.

• The relevant design institutes, construction supervision companies and constructors, other relevant persons and experts participating in implementation of these components.

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Executive Summary

1. The Yunnan Sustainable Road Maintenance (Sector) Project (the Project) is located in Yunnan Province in the People’s Republic of China. The Yunnan Department of Transport (YPDOT) is the executing agency and the Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau (YHAB) the implementing agency. The latter manages non-tolled national highways, provincial roads and important county roads in the province. Condition of the network has been deteriorating resulting in a reduced level of service and safety, increased transport costs and environmental degradation.

2. The Project includes four outputs: maintenance of 866.8 km of national, provincial and county roads (Output 1); pilot of performance-based maintenance contracts (Output 2); development of a road asset management system (Output 3); and institutional development to enhance the performance and sustainability of YHAB road maintenance (Output 4). Maintenance activities will be implemented over five years in four Phases.

3. G320 and G323 lines have started preparatory works and construction activities, and the rest of the ADB loan Project has not yet started construction, and still been under preparation.

4. The project management offices of G320 and G323 lines, the constructors and construction supervision companies performed their respective duties in accordance with the EMP. During implementation, environmental mitigation measures were carried out to reduce the impacts of construction on the surrounding environment and people’s health to the minimum as possible. They had minimized the pollution and improved local public transport.

Map Location of G320 and G323

G320

Xiangyun

G323

Fu’ning

I. Description of the Component 1. G320(Xiangyun section) is located in Dali Prefecture. Dali Prefecture is located in the central west of Yunnan Province. Its total land area is 29,459 square kilometers, among which, mountain area accounting for 83.7% of the total area and plain area accounting for 16.3%. Dali is located at the binding part of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains, with high terrain in the northwest and low southeast. Major rivers in Dali Prefecture include four major river systems (Jinsha River, Lancang River, Nu River, and Honghe River (Yuanjiang river)). More than 160 rivers and streams plume over the whole prefecture.

2. G323(Fu’ning section) is located in Wenshan Prefecture. Wenshan Prefecture is located in the northeast of Yunnan Province, south adjacent to border of Vietnam. Its total land area is 31,456 square kilometers, among which, mountainous and semi-mountainous areas accounting for 94.6% of the total area. In 2009, its GDP was CNY27.4 billion, with a yearly growth of 12.6%; rural household per capita disposal income achieved at CNY2.379, with a yearly growth of 17.4%; and urban household per capita disposal income was CNY13,200, with a yearly growth of 5%. Throughout the year 2009, the total industrial output was valued at CNY 20.8 billion, with a yearly growth of 9.4%.

II. Description of the Environment A. Geology 3. Dali Prefecture is located in an area of low latitude and high altitude with monsoon climate characteristics. Seasonal temperature difference is insignificant, but it is distinct in dry and wet seasons, with significant vertical difference and high frequency of meteorological disasters. With an average annual temperature of 15 ℃ and the average annual rainfall of 1,000 mm, its unique topography and climate conditions are easy to cause highway slope diseases, and put forward high requirements for highway maintenance. In 2009, the prefecture GDP was CNY46.8 billion, up 12.3% over previous year, of which, the first industry added value of CNY1.04 billion, up 6% over previous year; and the second industry added value of CNY14.55 billion, up by 15% over previous year.

4. Xiangyun county of Dali Prefecture is located at the junction boundary between the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Hengduan Mountain Range, with complex geological structure. Mountains, river valleys and basins are interspersed, where Yunnanyi Plain Area as one of the Western Yunnan Four Plain Area is located in the central county. Wuding mountain, within the territory of northeast of Midian, with an elevation of 3,241 m, is the highest in Xiangyun County. The river beside Luminggaofeng hill in the south with an elevation of 1,433 meters is the lowest in Xiangyun County. All mountains in the county belong to the Yunling Mountain of Hengduan Mountain Ranges, from the west and north into the county. The overall trend shows broken status from north and south, high terrain in the northwest, low terrain in the southeast, and slightly declines in a three-level ladder shape. The county has a total of 4 large mountain basins, 1 gully area and 8 mountain valleys.

5. Fu’ning County of Wenshan Prefecture is located in the eastern edge of the southeastern Yunnan Karst Plateau, at the intersection of meridional structural zone in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou and the ‘歹’shape trending tectonic belt of Qinghai-Tibet- Yunnan-Myanmar. Jielu Mountain Ranges (Liuzhao mountain) in the east of Yunling mountain controls the whole territory from west to east. Four mountain ranges (Muhong, Baizi, Zhujia, and Popiao) go from east to west, with three hundred and sixty mountains serving as natural barriers. Mountainous area accounts for 96% of Fu’ning County’s land area. Its plateaus, mountains, hills, and basins parallel. Among which, plateaus are in the southwest, the mountains in the middle and the north, the hills in the northeast, and the basins in Xinhua, Puyang, Mugang areas. Muhong Mountain in the west has a highest elevation of 1,851 meters.

B. Climate Condition 6. Most areas within Xiangyun County belong to a monsoon climate region of north subtropical and north plateau. It has five obvious climatic characteristics: (i) neither obvious seasonal change, nor cold winter or hot summer, at the annual average temperature of 14.7 ℃, monthly average temperature of 8.1 ℃ in January and 19.7 ℃ in July; (ii) constant temperature in spring and winter, rainy summer, with distinct wet and dry seasons; (iii) low annual rainfall, at an average annual rainfall of 810.8 mm, average annual rainfall greater than 800 mm in the west, north, and southeast, average annual rainfall less than 700 mm in the east and south; (iv) long yearly sunshine from 2,030.2 to 2,623.9 hours, ranking the fourth in the province; and (v) obvious altitude difference and vertical climatic distribution, and complex horizontal distribution.

7. Fu’ning County belongs to subtropical monsoon climate. Its spring temperature is higher than that in autumn, and summer is hot and rainy, with obvious three-dimensional climate, without obvious four seasons. Its total annual accumulated temperature is 7,227 ℃, and annual average temperature is 19.8 degrees, with the highest temperature of 39.5℃ and the lowest temperature of - 3.7 ℃. It has 1,641 hours of annual sunshine, annual average frost free period of 338 days, longest frost free period of 364 days, shortest frost free period of 258 days. The average annual rainfall is 1,103.5 mm, maximum rainfall of 1,457.6 mm, and minimum rainfall of 763 mm. Its annual average wind speed is 6-8m/s, and maximum wind speed is up to 14m/s.

C. Hydrology 8. The rivers in Xiangyun County belong to Jinsha River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Yuanjiang River-Honghe River systems. The main rivers include Yupao River and its tributaries-Chuchang River and Gezi River in the Jinsha River basin, and Luwo River in Yuanjiang River. Located in the watershed of Jinsha River and Lancang River, Xiangyun is located in the east of Honghe River source. The county has 32 rivers and their tributaries, and 131 ditches. Of which, 18 rivers and 105 ditches belong to Jinsha River basin; and the remaining 14 rivers and 26 ditches belong to Yuanjiang – Honghe River Basin. There are two semi-closed natural freshwater lake in the west of the county: Qinghai Lake and Lianhuahai Lake. Qinghai Lake is located in the southeast of Xiangcheng Town, named from its clear water, at a length of 3 km and a width of 1.5 km, a depth of 3 meters, and lake basin control area of 96.8 square kilometers. Lianhuahai Lake is located in the northwest of Wodian Town, named from the lake lotus in full bloom, at a length of 3.5 km and a width of 1.2 km, a depth of 4 meters, and watershed control area of 20 square kilometers. 17 springs are exposed, of which there are two hot springs- Wensui spring temperature of 44 ℃ and Tianma spring temperature of 51 ℃.

9. There are 5 major rivers and 29 rivers and tributaries in Fu’ning County, at a total length of 555.8 km. Puting River, Nama River and Xiyang River in the northeast belong to Pearl River. Langheng River and Nanli River in the southwest belong to Honghe River. As of 2013, Fu’ning County’s surface water resource amounts to 2.819 billion cubic meters, and trans-boundary water resource quantity of 3.830 billion cubic meters. Within its territory, theoretical water resource reserves are 844.8 thousand kilowatts, with exploitable water resource of more than 600 thousand kilowatts, of which 482.7 thousand kilowatts with more than 500 kilowatts of installed hydropower capacity.

D. Natural Resource 10. Xiangyun is located in the ore settlement zone of Lancang River, Nu River and Jinsha River, rich in both mineral and hydropower resources. Within the territory, it has 140 million tons of coal reserves, relatively rich in the lean coal area of west Yunnan. Its metal mineral resources include gold, silver, copper, iron, molybdenum, aluminum, zinc, and barium. It has proven gold reserves of 5.4 tons and extremely rich barium carbonate. Its non-metallic minerals include carboniferous stone, clay, china clay, quartz sand, coal and other.

11. Fu’ning County has proven 19 kinds of mineral resources including coal, gold, iron, copper, antimony, manganese, and titanium in and more than 110 deposits.

III. Report Preparation

A. Purposes and Objectives 12. This report aims to investigate, monitor and evaluate the ecology and environment quality alongside the G320 (Xiangyun section) and G323 (Fu’ning section) maintenance components.

13. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the environmental impact of the project during the construction period, the impact scope and extent will be reported to provide a basis for rational construction.

14. According to the impact scope and extent during the construction phase, corresponding environmental protection measures will be proposed to minimize negative impact caused by the project and well coordinate both development and environmental protection.

15. Emphasize public participation as a complementary to the environmental monitoring, improve construction management, optimize unity of environmental, social and economic benefits, and provide realistic basis for the project management and environmental management.

B. Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework 16. For the proposed road maintenance and rehabilitation works associated with this project, the following legislation does: (i) The Environmental Protection Law of PRC (1989), fundamental law; (ii) Management Directory of EIA Classification for Construction Project (MEP, 2008); (iii) Regulations on Review and Approval of EIAs for Construction Project (MEP, 2009); (iv) Regulation on Hierarchical Review and Approval of EIAs for Construction Project in Yunnan Province (2010), covering management of the whole EIA process; (v) Environmental Protection Management Ordinance for Construction Project (1998); (vi) Environmental Protection Management Regulation for Transport Construction Project (MOT, 2003); (vii) Environmental Protection Ordinance of Yunnan Province (2004); (viii) Notice on Enforcement of Environmental Supervision in Transport Construction Project (MOT, 2004), covering environmental management for the life cycle of the transport construction project; (ix) Water Pollution Prevention Law of PRC (2008) and relevant regulations, mandatory requirements for water pollution prevention and mitigation; (x) Air Pollution Prevention Law of PRC (2000) and relevant regulations, mandatory requirements for air pollution prevention and mitigation; (xi) Environmental Noise Pollution Control Law of PRC (1996) and relevant regulations, mandatory requirements for noise pollution prevention and mitigation; (xii) Solid Waste Pollution Control Law of PRC (2005) and relevant regulations, mandatory requirements for solid wastes pollution control and recycling; (xiii) Water and Soil Conservation Law of PRC (2010) and relevant regulations, mandatory requirements for soil erosion control; (xiv) Land Management Law of PRC (2004); (xv) Highway Safety Ordinance of PRC (2011); (xvi) Quota for Land Use of Highway Construction Project (Ministry of Construction combined with Ministry of Land and Resources,1999), regulatory requirements for land acquisition of the highways; (xvii) Nature Reserve Ordinance of PRC (1994), Ordinance for Scenic Resorts and Historic Sites of PRC (2006); (xviii) Ordinance for Management of Nature Reserves in Yunnan Province (1998), mandatory requirements for conservation of the protected areas; (xix) Ordinance for Redress of Public Complaints (the State Council, 2005), Interim

Procedures for Public Consultation in EIA (SEPA, 2006), and Environmental Complaints Management Regulation (SEPA, 2006), requirements for EIA public consultation and environmental grievance redress; (xx) Notice on Strengthening EIA Management to Control Environmental Risks (SEPA, 2003); (xxi) Interim Management Regulation for Contingency Plan of Environmental Incidents (MEP, 2010), management requirements for environmental risks control, preparation and implementation of environmental contingency plan; (xxii) Environmental standards and guidelines, including environmental quality standards for surface water, air, and ambient noise; emission standards for polluting sources of wastewater, air pollutants, and noise; as well as EIA guidelines such as Technical Guideline on EIA published by MEP; and (xxiii) PRC guideline HJ/T169-2004, National Inventory of Hazardous Goods & MEP Dec.1, 2008.

17. Yunnan has a large number of international, national, provincial and local protected areas. For each Phase, determination of the location of any designated sites in relation to the roads to be maintained will be necessary. The G320 (Xiangyun section) and G323 (Fu’ning section) maintenance components do not involve any protected areas.

C. Report Period 18. This report, the 4th quarter EMR of 2015, focuses on atmosphere, water and acoustic environmental impacts during the construction and various indicators before and during construction are compared.

D. Scope of Environment Monitoring 19. (1) atmosphere environment: within 200m on the two sides of the roads’ centre; (2) noise: within 200m on the two sides of the road center, those nearest to the roads, such as residential areas, buildings, schools, parks, hospitals and other sensitive points; (3) surface water: water quality of Guying River section, nearest to the roads; and (4) ecological environment: the affected land, vegetation, animals and plants along the roads.

E. Potential Environmental Impacts

20. Through field survey along the road, the sensitive receptors involve at each section are listed in the following Table 1.

Table- 1 List of Environmental Sensitive Receptors alongside G320 and G323 Lines

Relative distance to the center line of the road Influence No. sensitive receptors Categories distance factors direction （m） G320 Xishan village primary 1 school right 15 noise, dust school residential 2 Taoshupo village right 20 noise, dust area

Tianbaoshao admin residential 3 right 25 noise, dust station area residential 4 Shuipengpu village right 18 noise, dust area residential 5 Yongping village right 25 noise, dust area residential 6 Longmajing village left 15 noise, dust area Xiazhuang town primary 7 school left 20 noise, dust school G323 residential 1 Mengshan village right 10 noise, dust area residential 2 Changnong village right 50 noise, dust area 3 Jiefangzhai forest area forest area right 10 noise, dust residential 4 Jiefang village right 10 noise, dust area residential 5 Xingqiao village left 10 noise, dust area Xinqiao Qiaoxing primary 6 school right 10 noise, dust school residential 7 Nasha village left 15 noise, dust area residential 8 Nayi village left 10 noise, dust area residential 9 Anha(Yanhe) village right 5 noise, dust area residential 10 Bansang village right 20 noise, dust area residential 11 Meng village right 50 noise, dust area Note: identification of sensitive area: a. Acoustic environment: concentrated residential areas, schools, hospitals, elderly care centers; b. Atmospheric environment: concentrated residential areas, schools, hospitals, elderly care centers; c. Water environment: drinking water source protection area, water intake; d. Influencing factors: surface water, groundwater environment, atmospheric environment, noise; e. The nature of the category: water source, residential area, school, hospital.

IV. Implementation of EMP

A. Detailed design drawings and bidding documents 21. The detailed design drawings were prepared by the Yunnan Yunlu Highway &Bridge Survey and Design Company. The construction drawings and design documents contains environmental management. The construction precautions list soil and water conservation, ecological protection, water, dust and noise control, human health and safety and environmental protection during the construction should be paid attention to (see construction drawing design). EMP is also included in the bidding documents. (see the bidding documents)

B. Institutional Arrangements 22. Yunnan Highway Administration Bureau (YHAB), the implementing agency(IA), is responsible for organizing, coordinating and supervising the implementation of these two components. The project management offices of G320 and G323 components had been set up in Dali and Wenshan General Sections, under which, the safeguards departments were responsible for supervision and inspection of safety, occupation health, environmental protection on constructors, ensuring smooth road traffic, as well monitoring major hazards and investigating safety accident. The project management offices of G320 and G323 components formulated the implementation plans of environment protection and water and soil conservation, construction safety and traffic managment according to approved EMP and SEPP.

C. Construction Supervisors 23. With good testing equipment and strong technical capacities of construction supervision, the CSCs have undertaken all types (I, II, III) of highway project supervision.

24. The organizational chart for supervision of environmental protection, water and soil conservation are shown as follows. The EHS personnel composes: a. Chief Construction Supervisor is also the chief of Environmental Protection, Water and Soil Conservation Department. b. The director of the Chief Construction Supervisor Office is also the EHS engineer in the Environmental Protection, Water and Soil Conservation Department. c. A full-time EHS engineer is set up in each residential office. And d. The subgrade, pavement, traffic engineering and test supervision engineers in the residential offices are concurrently environmental protection, water and soil conservation engineers, responsible for supervision and compliance of EMP and SEPP within their work scopes.

Chief Construction Supervisor

Chief Construction Supervisor Office

EHS engineers, and other professional engineers

Onsite supervisors Logistic personnel

Figure 1 Organizational Chart for Supervision of Environmental Protection, Water and Soil Conservation

25. Scope of supervision of environmental protection, water and soil conservation covers the areas directly influenced by the two components, including construction sites of main highway works and temporary works, construction camp, construction access road, borrow pit, disposal site, sand quarry, mixing plant, and other existing local roads bearing a large number of haulage.

26. The construction supervisors developed G320 and G323 road maintenance supervision plans, including contract-specific environmental supervision plans, safety supervision plans, and incorporated detailed guidelines for implementation of construction supervision, environmental protection and soil and water conservation into daily supervision work. Part-time environmental protection engineers were designated to be responsible for inspection on possible environmental impacts and soil and water loss, safety issues, on-site and inspection during the process of main construction process, in order to ensure mitigation measures to be well implemented.

D. Implementation status of the mitigation measures 27. Implementation status of the mitigation measures during this reporting period are summarized in the Appendix 1. The implementation status of the mitigation measures are summarized in the last columns of the tables for comparison with the designed mitigation measures stated in the EMP. In summary, the mitigation measures have to date been implemented effectively.

28. In accordance with clauses and technical specifications in the construction contracts and the EMP, corresponding mitigation measures are adopted during construction management. Specific measures are shown as follows (The site photos pls. see the Appendix 2): i.Water: The construction area does not involve any drinking water source, irrigation water source or other important water body. Few construction waste water was

generated, so the impact to the surface water is very minor. a. The entire construction process does not generate wastewater because the maintenance components were applied with in-situ cold recycling, gradation gravel pavement with warm asphalt, b. On construction sites, no new barrack was built. The G320 and G323 lines project management offices, the supervisors and the contractors rented house of local villagers as workplace, with toilet and septic tank. Domestic wastewater and catering wastewater was not directly discharged. c. Equipment maintenance and refueling were undertaken in the fixed places, rather than on the construction sites, which did not permeate into the water body. d. The equipments and vehicles were cleaned up in the vicinity of nearby car washing shops, so the maintenance section did not generate vehicle washing wastewater. e. Drainage ditches were built on both sides of the roads. The construction workers cleaned up the construction waste in a timely manner to ensure smooth drainage.

ii.Air: The impact of the air quality is mainly from smoke, dust and exhaust of construction machinery and vehicle, etc..Main mitigation measures are shown as below: a. The constructor was equipped with 7 sprinklers, 4 times a day, and increased to 6 times at construction section near the villages. b. Hauling trucks in bulk materials were covered by canvas as much as possible to reduce the dust during transport. c. A gradation mixing station is located about 1 km away from the construction site, and an asphalt mixing station and a cement mixing station were built together. The asphalt mixing station was equipped with bag dust removing equipments to reduce asphalt smoke emissions. And the cement mixing station was sprayed with a small amount of water in the hopper to reduce dust emissions. No any resident or farmland is located nearby, therefore, the generated dust had little impact to the public. iii.Noise: Noise pollution at construction stage is mainly caused by the construction machinery and vehicle hauling activities. The constructor worked from 8:00-18:00 time during daytime, and at night without construction. If at construction section near the villages, construction stopped during 12:00-14:00 to avoid disturbance with the villagers.

iv.Solid waste: During construction period, the earth materials, asphalt, gravel were piled in the slope less than 5% in the fixed places.

v.Soil erosion. Soil erosion of the component was mainly caused by solid waste, construction waste, leaking oil in case of rain runoff. Main mitigation measures are shown as below: a. Only a small amount of pavement material was used to repair the pavement, so did not need to dispose of solid waste. After in-situ cold recycling, the used asphalt is reused to repair the maintenance section. b. Before daily construction, firstly checking the construction vehicles and machinery status. If any problem, the vehicle was sent to the nearest vehicle repair shop for maintenance. Vehicle was refueled in the refueling station in the vicinity. c. On the construction sites, there was no vehicle maintenance and refueling. d. Renting nearby village houses as a living area and office area, so the garbage generated by the construction workers was collected by the

community sanitation department. e. The constructors leased the existing asphalt mixing station, which was set in the abandoned quarries, without any water body or resident nearby. The asphalt spill was also collected and processed in the container. The groundwater was not affected by surface runoff.

vi.Flora and Fauna: Within the scope of construction area, no ancient tree has been found. The construction sites was limited on the original road, without expansion or no excavation and blasting operations, therefore, it did not affect the roadside farmland and trees. vii.Health and Safety. Health and safety education is the important content during construction period. Most construction workers are local villagers. If any illness, they went to local community hospitals for medical treatment. In order to ensure the construction safety and quality, before construction, the constructors conducted safety and skills training for all the staff. Main mitigation measures are shown as below: a. Worker personal protection. Before construction, all construction workers are trained on use of personal protection equipments. b. At the construction sections, the bulletin boards, safety cones, marking and other warning signs were erected to indicate the project name, project brief introduction, constructors, designers, supervisors, and their telephone numbers. c. Traffic cones were used in the construction area with a designed construction staff in charge of traffic management. d. All workers were provided with protective masks, gloves, safety vest, helmet and protective shoes, etc. On-site construction workers were wearing eye-catching safety vest. e. Renting local village houses as office space, equipped with drinking water, life necessities, and clean public toilets. f. Daily supervision and inspection of the construction workers whether safety protection measures were completed, the construction equipments were under normal operation according to standard procedures. Daily or weekly logs of supervision were kept. g. Irregular maintenance on the vehicles and construction machinery. h. Regularly inspecting the cable lines in the construction area to eliminate the safety hazard. And i. Related disease prevention knowledge were frequently posted, such as H7N9 bird flu. viii.Landscape: G320 and G323 lines are not within the scope of the scenic area, so the natural landscape will not be significantly impacted. The construction equipment and material was only temporarily stored, will be recovered after completion. Main mitigation measures are shown as below: a. The village houses were rented as office space and for living. Construction sheds were built along the sides of the road, so the landscape was not affected. b. Rented houses were equipped with garbage pool. The community sanitation management department regularly collected then transported to the landfill for disposal. c. Trucks with bulk materials were covered with canvas in order to keep the vehicle clean and tidy as possible. d. No new path was built to avoid the destruction of land or vegetation. e. Mixing station and material yard were leased with local existing equipment and facilities, and will be recovered after completion.

ix.Cultural Heritage: No any cultural heritage was found within the scope of at a radius of 25 km around the construction sites.

E. Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Results 29. Water quality monitoring: G320(Xiangyun) maintenance section does not involve any river, reservoir, lake and other water body, while G323 (Fu’ning) maintenance section mainly involves Guying River in Fu’ning County. Guying River should meet the Class V standard of Environmental Quality Standards For Surface Water (GB3838-2002, see Table 3). YSRI conducted on-site sampling and monitoring on Guying River section, at a distance of 50 meters from the G323 (Fu’ning) maintenance section. The monitoring results are indicated as follows (see Table 3).

Table- 2 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water（GB3838-2002） Unit：mg/L, except PH dimensionless

No. Item Class V

1 CODCr 40

2 BOD5 10

3 pH 6-9

4 DO ＞2.0

Table- 3 Water Quality Monitoring Results of the reservoir in Xizhelong Village Unit：mg/L

Monitoring Monitoring Date CODCr BOD5 pH DO Point

Construction Period 30.0 6.9 6.66 8.70 (November 2015) Guying River

Compliance Status Complied with

30. Evaluation of water quality monitoring results. The monitoring results of Guying River show its water quality can meet the class V of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards (GB3838-2002). At the same time, it also shows that the construction of the G323 component did not cause water pollution by.

31. Air quality monitoring. The main pollutants in the construction period are dust and asphalt. Along the road, the Class II standard in the Ambient Air Quality Standard "(GB3095 - 2012) should be complied with, as shown in Table 4. YSRI undertook on-site air quality monitoring. The results are as follows (see Table 5).

Table- 4 Ambient Air Quality Standard（GB3095-1996）

Unit：mg/ m3

Item Sampling Period Class I, Standard Limit Class II, Standard Limit

PM10 Daily Average 0.05 0.15

NO2 Daily Average 0.08 0.12

SO2 Daily Average 0.05 0.15

Table- 5 Air Quality Monitoring Results Nearby G320 and G323 Lines Unit: mg/m3

Monitoring Indictor PM10 NO2 SO2

Point Along G320 Pre-construction Period 0.065 0.016 0.029 (Xishan village Construction Period 0.067 0.018 0.033 primary (November 2015) school) Compliance Status Complied with Complied with Complied with

Along Pre-construction Period 0.063 0.018 0.030 G323(Xinqi

ao Construction Period (not ------Qiaoxing yet) primary Compliance Status Complied with Complied with Complied with school)

32. Evaluation of air quality monitoring results. From the above data, the air monitoring indicators, PM10, NO2 and SO2, before construction and construction period, had little change and both were better than Class II standard in the Ambient Air Quality Standard "(GB3095 - 2012). It shows that the construction activity has no serious influence on the surrounding air quality.

33. Noise monitoring: The construction noise has a certain effect on the sound environment quality, which is mainly caused by the construction machinery and vehicles.

34. For G320 and G323 Lines, the Class 4a standard in the Standards for Acoustic Environmental Quality (GB3096-2008) (see Table 6) should be complied with. During construction phase, Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site（GB12523-2011(see Table 7) is applicable. The main noise source during the construction period sees Table 8, and the noise monitoring results are shown in Table 9.

Table- 6 Environmental quality standard for noise (GB3096-2008) Unit：dB (A)

Noise Limit LAeq（dB） Acoustic environment functional area Daytime Nighttime

Class 4a 70 55 1

Table- 7 Emission standard of environment noise for boundary of construction site （GB12523-2011）

Daytime(LAeq（dB）) Nighttime(LAeq（dB）)

70 55

Table- 8 Major Noise Source

Noise Limit LAeq（dB） Period Major Noise Source Daytime Nighttime

Construction All kinds of vehicles 70 55

Period All kinds of vehicles, concrete mixer, etc. 70 55

Bulldozer, excavator, paver 75 55

Table- 9 Noise Monitoring Results of the Environmental Sensitive Receptors Along G320 and G323 Lines

Unit: dB (A)

Distance LAeq（dB） Environmental to the Compliance Period Time Sensitive road Status Receptors center Monitoring Standard Value limit line(m) Xishan village Complied 12 68 70 primary school with Complied Taoshupo village 15 67 70 with Construction- 9:00-17:00, Tianbaoshao admin Complied G320 17 Nov. 30 65 70 station with 2015, Complied Daytime Shuipengpu village 50 61 70 with Complied Yongping village 50 62 70 with

Distance LAeq（dB） Environmental to the Compliance Period Time Sensitive road Status Receptors center Monitoring Standard line(m) Value limit Complied Longmajing village 18 66 70 with Xiazhuang town Complied 20 65 70 primary school with Complied Changnong village 10 61 70 with Complied Xingqiao village 10 56 70 with Xinqiao Qiaoxing Complied 30 58 70 primary school with Construction- 9:00-17:00, Complied G323 2 Dec. Nasha village 10 62 70 2015, with

Daytime Complied Nayi village 10 51 70 with Anha(Yanhe) Complied 10 49 70 village with Complied Bansang village 10 52 70 with

35. Evaluation of noise monitoring results. 14 representative monitoring points was set along the G320 and G323 Lines. The main noise source during construction period is social traffic noise and construction machinery noise. Because construction is prohibited at night, construction machinery noise has little effect on the surrounding residents. All the monitoring result meets national standards.

F. Institutional Capacity Building and Training 36. To strengthen the implementation of the project, an ADB loan PMO was established in the Maintenance Department under YHAB. During the project implementation, the PMO is in charge of overall supervision on technical, quality, environmental, social and safety aspects, and responsible for implementing the environmental protection requirements in the approved EMP, and supervising the contractor's daily environmental mitigation and monitoring and preparing quarterly progress reports.

37. The PMO was led by the deputy director (a senior engineer) of Maintenance Department under YHAB, and designated a full-time senior engineer and other environmental, social, and safety experts. The Department is responsible for coordination and supervision among the IA, the constructors the CSCs, and supervision and inspection of environmental mitigation measures in the EMP.

38. The PMO, the G320 and G323 Lines project management offices, CSCs, and the constructors assigned EHS staffs.

39. Before construction, the PMO, the constructors, CSCs, and the relevant departments undertook the relevant training on environmental management plan and road safety.

40. In order for implement the mitigation measures and environmental monitoring, before entering construction sites, ADB's environmental experts provided training related to environmental protection to the CSCs and constructors. The training was mainly focused

15 on implement the mitigation measures and environmental monitoring. Training activities were held in the onsite project management office meeting room. Training activities include the following aspects: a. Understanding and application of internationally accepted environmental management practices. b. Compliance monitoring method, required equipment and methods. c. Compliance monitoring information analysis. d. Environmental safeguards enforcement methods and measures. e. Training contents include case studies and field trips.

V. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure and Grievance Redress Mechanism

A. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure 41. In November 2015, YSRI carried out a public opinion survey to the public along the G320 and G323 Lines. The below questions asked are as follows: (i) Do you think there is any impact of the noise and dust generated during construction on your production and life? (ii) During the construction period, is there any influence on your trip due to traffic control? (iii) Any impact on your farmland and crops during the construction period? (iv) How do you think the constructors to take measures to mitigate environmental pollution? (v) Should overloading vehicles be controlled?

42. During consultation, some villagers reflected there was a small amount of environmental impact during construction period, but the impact period was short, the constructors took mitigation measures, such as regular watering, stopping construction at noon time, and covering haulage vehicles with canvas, etc.. Those measures reduced dust a lot. Until the completion of the components by September 2016, those impacts will be reduced or disappear. Respondents said they supported the road maintenance components.

Table- 10 List of Persons Consulted With

No. Name Gender Minorities Profession Name of Village

G320

Yang Xishan Village, Pupeng Town, 1 M Han Farmer Guangwu Xiangyun County Xishan Village, Pupeng Town, 2 Wang Ming M Han Farmer Xiangyun County Migrant Shuipeng Village, Xiazhuang Town, 3 Li Jufen F Han worker Xiangyun County Migrant Shuipeng Village, Xiazhuang Town, 4 Yang Huiying F Han worker Xiangyun County Shuipeng Village 8th team, 5 Li Shiyu M Han Farmer Xiazhuang Town, Xiangyun County Shuipeng Village 8th team, 6 Li Shineng M Han Farmer Xiazhuang Town, Xiangyun County

7 Yang Yan F Yi Farmer Simao city, Yunnan Province Shuipeng Village 8th team, 8 Li Shiduan M Han Farmer Xiazhuang Town, Xiangyun County Migrant 9 Li Tianlong M Han Lincang City, Yunnan Province worker Migrant Liuchang Village, Liuchang Town, 10 Zi Liling F Han worker Xiangyun County Wang Migrant Liuchang Village, Liuchang Town, 11 M Han Pinghua worker Xiangyun County

G323

Huang Mengshanshan Village, Boai Town, 1 M Zhuang Shopper Yongxiang Fu’ning County

No. Name Gender Minorities Profession Name of Village Mengshanshan Village, Boai Town, 2 Lu Yuang’an M Zhuang Shopper Fu’ning County

3 Wang Fei M Zhuang Driver Guangxi Province

Migrant Musi Village, Muyang Town, 4 Sun Gaoying F Han worker Fu’ning County Migrant Mugang Village, Muyang Town, 5 Fan Guomei F Han worker Fu’ning County Migrant Mugang Village, Muyang Town, 6 Li Cunlian F Han Worker Fu’ning County Migrant Muzhuo Village, Muyang Town, 7 Liu Guomei F Han Worker Fu’ning County Migrant Muzhuo Village, Muyang Town, 8 Fang Zhimei F Han Worker Fu’ning County Xiaoshidong Village, Yanglin Town, 9 Deng Youfen F Yao Shopper Songming County #508 forest area, Zhesang Town, 10 Yang Xuefei M Han Shopper Songming County Huang #508 forest area, Zhesang Town, 11 M Zhuang Farmer Zhengxiong Songming County Xinqiao village, Zhesang Town, 12 Li Hongying F Zhuang Farmer Songming County Longwai village, Zhesang Town, 13 Li Hongming M Zhuang Farmer Songming County

B. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 43. YHAB established environmental GRM, and publicized the relevant information, such as phones numbers, etc.

44. During construction, the constructors and the relevant village committees have not received any complaint.

45. The procedures of GRM are shown as below.

STEP 1 Resolve issue with contractor or village 5 days committee

STEP 2 ESSU to Resolve issue with YHAB facilitate Maintenance or General 2 weeks and Section track resolutio n and STEP 3 report to Resolve issue with ADB 2 weeks Prefecture Government

Figure 2 Procudures of Project GRM

46. The basic grievance redress steps are described below and shown in Figure 4. The ESSU will be responsible for facilitating, tracking and reporting grievance resolution at each step: Step 1: The affected person should first try to resolve the issue of concern directly with the contractor and the local village committee. A solution must be presented within five days. If successful, no further follow-up is required. Step 2: If there is no resolution the person can file the grievance with the county office of YHAB, the Maintenance Section or the Prefecture level Office the General Section. A resolution must be reached within two weeks

Step 3: If no resolution is found the complainant can take the next step and contact the county or prefecture government offices where resolution will be required within two weeks.

VI. Conclusions and Suggestions 47. During construction, the G320 and G323 Lines project management offices, the constructors and CSCs had taken the corresponding environmental impact mitigation measures in the EMP. The construction noise, dust and wastewater, and other impacts on the surrounding environment were reduced to a minimum.

48. Through field inspection, according to relevant national environmental protection laws and regulations, ADB's SPS (2009) and the EMP, the constructors strengthened environmental protection, water conservation, safety and other aspects. The environmental impacts of the component during the construction period were limited, and the construction period was short. With the completion of the component, the pollution will be eliminated in time, and the environment will revert to the state better than the original. From the point of view of the whole process of construction, the constructors strictly abided by the provisions, actively took mitigation measures to reduce pollution. So it obtained the strong support of the local community and the village. During this period, no any pollution complaint did occur.

49. Suggestions: (i) Local villagers were hired, and their mobility was frequent. To address their potential safety issue, it is recommended to provide safety education and training before hire local villagers in a timely manner. (ii) Some road safety signs were not obvious or missing, so should be promptly installed or repaired. And (iii) Safety and environmental protection awareness education should be carried out to improve safety and environmental awareness of the villagers and construction workers then to reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage.

Appendix 1: Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts And The Mitigation Measures Implemented (As of December 2015)

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action

1. PRECONSTRUCTION PERIOD

1.1 Lack of environmental technical 1.1 YHAB will establish a unit, the ESSU, to manage environmental, Complied with. Not applicable capacity within YHAB and its General social and safety aspects of maintenance projects. The ESSU and Maintenance Sections in will be staffed by 3 full-time suitably qualified people. ADB will environmental assessment and design, support international and national environmental consultancy ESSU was established prior to loan management, supervision and services to develop and deliver a 5-day environmental reporting. assessment and management training workshop for YHAB staff effectiveness. and a 2-day workshop for first year Contractors. YHAB training was completed during detailed design and prior to bidding.

Contractor training was undertaken on appointment. 1.2 Translation of IEE, EMP, contract 1.2 ESSU will provide the design team with translated copies of IEE, Complied with or to be complied with. Not applicable clauses and other templates for use by EMP and templates and check relevant clauses have been General and Maintenance Sections, included. YHAB/ESSU will provide the successful contractor with translated Translated during detailed design stage and copies of IEE/EMP and assist contractor to prepare the Construction Environmental Work Plan (CEWP). provided instructions prior to contractor field General Section will provide the Maintenance Section site engineer mobilization. with the IEE, EMP and other templates for use in their inspection process. Given the uncertainty of inspection qualifications , the workshops as defined above will be held at the six General As part of 1.1, workshop was held in Dali and Section offices Wenshan prefecture General Sections .

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action 1.3 Consideration of IEE/EMP in 1.3 ESSU will check that design and bid documents are responsive Complied with. preparation of the detailed design and to key environmental, social and safety considerations. Not applicable bid documents. Before the bid documents for Section 3 and 6, the contracts were completed 1.4 Optimise design and planning of 1.4 During detailed design YHAB will incorporate mitigation Complied with. Not applicable works to minimise impacts measures defined in the IEE as follows:: 1. minimize the removal of mature trees from roadsides; 2. optimise traffic management to minimise access restrictions 3. provide step-by-step guidance on environmentally acceptable bridge and culvert replacement methods 1.5 Announcement of subproject with 1.5 Four weeks before work begins announce the project on Complied with. Not applicable road signs roadside sign(s), at a location(s) easily accessible by the public. Signs should be presented in a language that can be understood by affected people, in Yunnan, there may be a need to provide At both ends (boundaries) of the project. signs in multiple languages. At the same time, provide information on the construction activity via the Maintenance Section 3-4 weeks before the start of work

2. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD

2.1 Preparation of Environmental Documentation

2.1.1 Technical environmental capacity 2.1.1 Contractor team will include a specialist with environmental Complied with. Not applicable of Contractor to prepare the CEWP and assessment experience to prepare the CEWP and obtain all to implement all mitigation and relevant permits. The contractor will not be permitted to mobilize Prior to the start of the construction work. monitoring measures the workers without an approved CEWP and the appropriate permits in place. 2.2 Soils, Earthworks & Erosion 2.2.1 Management of earthworks 2.2.1 Large volumes of crushed quarry rock, aggregate and sand Complied with. Not applicable transport and Storage procedures, may be transported to and/or stored in the work site. These including cleaning; leading to dust and operations and storage areas will be constantly exposed to the Construction roads were enclosed with colored air pollution elements and will create primarily dust during the frequent windy fence. conditions, and some silty runoff.

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action Dust will be managed by daily use of watering trucks, subject to Hauling vehicles were not overloaded, and availability of water. covered with waterproof canvas. All topsoil needs to be collected, stored and reused to rehabilitate/revegetate the areas disturbed. This is applicable The constructors sprayed water with sprinklers only to projects with IEEs at 4 times a day. In the vicinity of the villages and the schools, the frequencies of watering were increased. 2.2.2 Erosion control and slope 2.2.2 Contractor will be required to know the subsoil materials that Complied with. Not applicable stabilization, risk of land slip and are being cut into and excavated and have ready appropriate chronic erosion at cuts and water plans to stop land slippage and erosion,. At water crossings where Based on an analysis of soil conditions by crossings. structures are to be upgraded, careful replacement and use of contractor and consultation with the General gabions with culverts and bioengineering methods for rapid Sections’ hydrology and geotechnical revegetation and slope stabilization will be used. Bioengineering experts, construction activities were limited approaches to be explored as described in Annex D. on the original road, without building a new road. 2.2.3 Slope slippage and landslide zones 2.2.3 In any road sections where maintenance takes place and Not applicable. Not applicable left unaddressed where there is a history of landslides and slope slippage, the contractor will be required to report any such conditions (if not already known) to the Maintenance Section and propose a costed remedial action, then undertake this work to stabilize the road and reduce risk of failure; including bioengineering solutions, metal netting and other proven methods. 2.2.4 Risk of erosion, landslide and 2.2.4 Any need for borrow material outside of the RoW will be Not applicable. Not applicable destruction of landscape from side subject to local environmental approvals and procedures and borrow operations should also be carried out in consultation with ADB. No borrow pit is required. Bioengineering approaches should be considered.

2.2.5 Side casting of waste by Contractor 2.2.5 Side casting of waste earthen materials is not permitted where Complied with. Not applicable degrading down-slope area and slope is more than 5% and a side cast waste materials cannot be blocking/ contaminating water body easily stabilized and prevented from eroding during a rain event, No waste dumping. or extend outside the road RoW. 2.2.6 Handling of contaminated 2.2.6 When encountering contaminated materials or it is a Complied with. Not applicable construction waste materials construction waste, contractors will follow PRC national and provincial requirements, consulting with EPBs if needed 2.2.7 Inappropriate disposal of spoil 2.2.7 Contractors will be required to a) attempt to recycle all clean Complied with. Not applicable from construction work leading to spoils material where possible and b) consider composting or b) No soil dumping.

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action contamination dispose of all other material at sites approved by the local EPB. 2.3 Poor Contractor Operating Procedures 2.3.1 Failure to adhere to construction 2.3.1 Contractors will adhere to standard good housekeeping Complied with. Not applicable related good housekeeping practices, practices as defined in the contract Terms & Conditions and including solid and sanitary waste Contract Specifications. Special considerations will be given to Solid waste was collected in certain places and management 1. management of construction waste and water transported regularly. 2. equipment lubricants and fuel, including management and collection of waste oils and fuel particularly related to Renting nearby farmers’ houses. refuelling depots, maintenance areas and diesel generator sets Septic tank was equipped with. 3. Sewage will require latrines or chemical toilets with complete clean up after the construction is complete. Fecal sewage and catering wastewater were 4. Garbage will be collected and properly disposed of after discharged separately. recycling and sorting, This work will be completed in accordance with PRC, regulations Not affecting surface water. and standards which the contractor will be expected to know. Also, the contractor shall orient all construction workers in basic sanitation and health care issues, and on the specific hazards of their work and will need to certify to that effect at the start of the construction period. 5. Once the site is no longer needed the contractor must fully decommission it, with special emphasis on waste removal and clean up of any spills or hazardous materials plus any necessary revegetation. 2.3.2 Management of bitumen storage, 2.3.2 Complied with. Not applicable asphalt, sealcoat and concrete YHAB has indicated that no new facilities will be needed, but for production facilities to avoid leakage, smaller jobs bitumen will be stored at the worksites. Under these dust and air pollution for community in conditions, the contractor will be required to provide secure vicinity locations for storage, handing and safe disposal of any worksite bitumen supplies. PRC’s hazardous materials handling regulations ( as defined in IEE, Section II) will be adhered to. 2.3.3 Management of petroleum 2.3.3 Contractor will be required to have the following spill Complied with. Not applicable products such as fuel, lubricants and prevention measures in place at all work sites: bitumen to avoid spill and 1. all fuelling to be done on a concrete surface provided with contamination. spill catch surfaces that can be cleaned and all spilled fuel recovered and recycled based on discussions with fuel supplier. 2. All repair and maintenance work must either be done on a

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action concrete surface with oil spill catch basin or oil catch pans must be provided at all service areas and training provided to all ‘mechanics’. 3. All fuel use areas where spills and leakage is possible, e.g. the generator, must have drip basins installed to prevent any leakage. These recovered materials must be recycled. 4. A fuelling areas must be equipped with proper non-drip fuel nozzles 5. All fuel tanks must have means for containment of accidental spills. 6. All bitumen handling must not permit any material from leaking to the ground, including transfer areas and any areas where bitumen is transported in drums. 7. Bitumen drums must be stored in a dry covered secure place where no leakage to water or ground is possible. Drums must be recycled at least once a year. 8. Any spills must be cleaned up and contaminated soils and water treated according to PRC regulations and standards within 24 hours of the occurrence. 2.3.4 Overloading of construction 2.3.4 The tonnage of material hauled must not exceed the road Complied with. Not applicable vehicles leading to damage to existing capacity. If the material mobilization causes damage of the road, roads then contractor must repair it immediately. No overloading in all materials hauling roads. 2.3.5 No or inadequate consideration for 2.3.5 The contractor will need to demonstrate that an attempt has Complied with. Not applicable recycling and reuse of construction been made to reuse, recycle, convert by composting ‘wastes’ by the contractor construction wastes such as asphalt, wooden materials, plant materials and other benign organic matter 2.3.6 Work Duration 2.3.6 Contractors will be encouraged to complete the work as Complied with. Not applicable quickly as possible, consulting with local communities on best timing and agreeing to such a timetable 2.4 Surface Water, Drainage and Water Pollution

2.4.1 Modification of surface drainage 2.4.1 When modifying or interfering with surface drainage of any sort Complied with. Not applicable during culvert and bridge replacement the contract will have to undertake the following: and/or raising of horizontal road 1. All culverts must be sized at or larger than the one being No bridge or culvert involved. alignment replaced and with care about slope and erosion protection at inflow and outflow. All construction materials at the entrance Drainage ditch built. of culverts must be removed so as not to provide any

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action obstruction. Culvert removal and replacement will be done Well maintenance to keep smooth. when there are low flows or no water in the channel and during the dry months of the year. Confirm culverts are clear of debris on completion. 2. Bridges will be repaired and widened and as such there will be machinery at least at the water edge. Maximum care is needed to avoid degradation of the river, stream shore and to undertake excessive excavation at the shore and in the water (at least not when there is water in the stream). Demolition must be done in a way that prevents large chunks of material from falling into the river. Stabilization of disturbed crossing banks must take place as part of the construction work and include filter fabric, gabions and preferably bioengineering techniques. 3. Where horizontal alignments are raised to reduce flooding, extra care is needed to ensure that all drainage channels convey water properly. The contractor must undertake a surface drainage inventory of the future raised road sections, identifying where there will be new culverts or where existing culverts need to be replaced or relocated. This inventory needs to be submitted to the supervising engineer. 4. When modifying the existing drainage system through culvert replacement, the contractor must minimize flood risk by carefully confirming that all works to be undertaken will not flood roadside properties due to improper design or construction practices. The contractor will be required to fully rehabilitate property damaged due to flooding. 2.4.2 Management of contaminated 2.4.2 Where drainage from a construction site involves more than Complied with. Not applicable construction wastewater 20 linear meters of roadway, a drainage channel into a grassed area of some detention area allowing an suspended sediment and minor contaminants to settle, must be prepared by the contractor(s). 2.4.3 Fuel storage for generators 2.4.3 All fuel storage sites must be checked daily for leaks and held Complied with. Not applicable powering the asphalt plant, aggregate in an impervious site where spilled/leaking material can be preparation plant, and for vehicles and collected. Had taken measures to prevent oil spills. avoidance of leakage of hazardous materials into surface and Without refueling facilities, equipment onsite groundwater. and vehicle cleaning is not in the construction

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action site, but in the vehicle washing area outside construction site. 2.4.4 Air pollution 2.4.4 TPM, SO2 and NO2 will be monitored once a month. Two Complied with. Not applicable samples will be taken (one during the morning traffic peak, and one when construction has stopped for the day) at each of six PM10, SO2 and NO2 were monitored. stations along the road. 2.5 Air and Noise Pollution 2.5.1 Construction-period air pollution 2.5.1 Emissions will be kept to a minimum by: Complied with. Not applicable 1. ensuring that the contractor’s fleet of vehicles are properly maintained according to manufacturers specifications; and 2. use acceptable fuel and haul loads within specified limits. 3. Vehicle idling time limits to no more than 2 minutes and 4. equipment maintenance specifications will be imposed through construction inspection and regular reporting, 5. Dust control at the construction site will be particularly stringently controlled by watering, setting strict speed limits of no more than 30kph in or near settled areas, and sweeping of paved haul roads. 6. Equipment such as the diesel generator will be included in the emission control program and will be and regularly tuned to prevent excessive TPM pollution. 2.5.2 Dust and noise from road milling 2.5.2 Due to respirable silica dust from cutter heads, contractor Complied with. Not applicable machine needs to have water spray nozzles on milling machine a) directed at the point of cutting and the drum, one nozzle every 30-40 cm and b) nozzles along the conveyor on both sides every ½ meter. Avg. water flow should be around 24L/min. Alternative is to provide dust masks to all operators and workers supporting the milling operation 2.5.3 Managing dust, noise and 2..5.3 Mitigation will involve Complied with. Not applicable drainage associated with earthworks 1. enforcing a speed limit of 30 kph within 500m of any village and haul roads. and the use of chemical dust suppressants at least on road for 500m on either side of a village, Same approach is to be taken if the other site is used. 2. restricting operating hours through roadside villages and settlements to between hours of 0800 and 1800. 2.5.4 Excessive Noise 2.5.4 At the same locations and times that surface water quality is Complied with. Not applicable tested, noise measurements will be completed, but with site

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action variations focused on sensitive receptors such as schools, residential areas and health care facilities. Measurement frequency will be the same as for air quality 2.6 Flora and Fauna 2.6.1 Protection of roadside trees and 2.6.1 For each section of the road, contractors are required to Complied with. Not applicable shelter belt planting along roadsides develop a sketch map of the location number and species of trees along the roadside that are located within the area likely to be cleared. In areas where there are large trees creating a treed/shaded corridor, designers will be contacted and alternative designs, such as narrowing the carriageway and transforming this area into a roadside rest area should be discussed and an option found that requires the minimum tree loss. Any tree removed will be replaced by replanting several (>2) young trees of the same species. 2.6.2 Selection of landscape species and 2.6.2 Specify native species of local provenance that are appropriate Complied with. Not applicable management of arisings for the local setting for any new areas of landscaping. Ensure that any invasive species cleared during landscape works are managed in accordance with PRC regulations and standards. Consider opportunities for establishing composting facilities at General and Maintenance Sections, to enable recycling of green waste. 2.7 Cultural Sites and Local Communities 2.7.1 Loss of physical cultural resources 2.7.1 Since all the work is within existing RoWs and in previously Not applicable so far. Not applicable disturbed soil, the risk of loss of historical or cultural relics is highly unlikely. However when widening roads in villages and towns, contractors will have to meet with local mayor to consult about any possible past relics or foundations of old buildings along the road. Contractor will also need to consult the database on archaeological sites in Yunnan, retained with the Provincial Cultural Relics Department as well as the County Cultural Relics Bureau. Any finds during works must be reported to the Maintenance Section Head and all construction work stopped until authorities have inspected the site. 2.7.2: Loss of access for roadside 2.7.2 Contractor shall provide safe and convenient passage for Complied with. Not applicable residents vehicles and pedestrians to and from side roads and properties connecting the project road/area, whether public or private. Work Before construction, a notice had been issued. that affects the use of side roads and existing access shall not be During the period of limited access, traffic

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action undertaken without provision of adequate alternate routes; to the control persons were responsible for prior satisfaction of the Engineer and affected persons. directing traffic.

On construction sites, public signs were established to provide phone numbers and other information of the IA, supervisors, and constructors. 2.7.3 Traffic/access diversions and road 2.7.3 Temporary bypasses will be constructed with the approval of Complied with. Not applicable dust management the Engineer and in consultation with affected persons. The temporary traffic detours shall be kept free of dust by frequent sweeping or application of water. 2.7.4 Spread of Vector-Born Diseases 2.7.4 Contractors will be required to conduct rigorous inspections Complied with. Not applicable of the work sites to be sure that there are no stagnant waters. This will include removal of items such as old tires, drums and other receptacles where water can collect. These are all breeding grounds for malaria, encephalitis and dengue fever mosquitoes. 2.7.5 Community safety 2.7.5 In order to protect the safety of communities on the Complied with. Not applicable construction zone contractors will need to provide appropriate traffic management, lighting, management of excavations and making communities aware of any particular hazards. 2.7.6 Hiring locally 2.7.6 Contractors will be encouraged to hire at least unskilled Complied with. Not applicable labour locally 2.7.7 Work outside the RoW 2.7.7 Construction activities may, in rare instances, be necessary Not applicable Not applicable outside the RoW. Where this becomes necessary, the use of land outside the RoW must be planned and agreed with owners of the affected land and properties prior to the start of the construction 2.8 Occupational Health And Safety 2.8.1 Protecting the workforce and 2.8.1 Contractor to implement adequate traffic management Complied with. Not applicable maintaining a safe working measures, including safety cones, marking and use of traffic environment control personnel to maintain a safe environment for workforce Providing workers with health knowledge. and community. Contractor must provide safety vests, hard hats and protective Setting traffic signs on construction site. footwear for all workers handling heavy materials, and working with caustic and hazardous materials such as concrete, asphalt, Community hospitals providing health paints, cleaning agents, herbicides and pesticides. counseling and disease prevention Contractor must provide protective masks to milling machine knowledge to the villagers.

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action operators, and anyone working in the area of the milling machine dust- with masks of a micron size, capable of capturing dust down Providing safety equipment for construction to 2 microns. workers. Contractor must provide high-visibility clothing for workers at sites that have active traffic. Any works at night should be adequately Traffic control personnel responsible for lit and high visibility clothing worn. directing traffic. The contractor should provide basic training on use of protective clothing and equipment 2.8.2 Medical facilities and assistance 2.8.2 Contractor must have first aid services available to all staff Complied with. Not applicable and workers at all times; Contractor must have at least one emergency treatment specialist on call at all times and available for emergency treatment as required. 2.8.3 Storage, handing and use of toxic 2.8.3 Complied with. Not applicable and/or hazardous materials Handling of all caustic, petroleum based materials, and other hazardous materials, such as pesticides/herbicides and cleaning agents, must be done, wearing protective footwear and clothing and application on steep slopes avoided Storage of such materials must be protected from the weather, clearly marked and safe from potential tampering and theft. Transport of such materials will be made according to PRC regulations and standards including pre-notification of shipment to local EPB 2.8.4 Provision of sanitary toilet facilities 2.8.4Contractor must provide sanitary toilet for all full-time workers Complied with. Not applicable on the construction site and make sure it is serviced daily. 2.8.5 Control of movement of large 2.8.5 Ensure large vehicles have safety equipment such as reverse Complied with. Not applicable equipment and handling of construction alarms and assistants are available to provide traffic control and items direction when large equipment is moved on the construction site. Demarcate work areas and use traffic cones as needed. 2.8.6 Child Labour 2.8.6 No Children (less than 16 year of age ) can work on any Complied with. Not applicable contract 2.8.7 Records of Safety and Health 2.8.7 The Contractor shall maintain such records and make such Complied with. Not applicable reports concerning safety, health, and welfare of persons and damage to property available for inspection as the Engineer may from time to time prescribe 2.8.8 Reporting of Accidents 2.8.8 The Contractor shall report to the Engineer details of any Not applicable. Not applicable accident as soon as possible after its occurrence. In the case of

Environmental Issue Mitigation Measures Compliance Status Proposed Corrective Action any fatality or serious accident, the Contractor shall, in addition, notify the Engineer immediately by the quickest available means 2.8.9 Provision of Potable Water 2.8.9 The contractor shall provide potable water to all staff working Complied with. Not applicable on the worksite and at all times 2..8.10 Working into the night and 2.8.10 Generally contractors will be restricted to work only during the Complied with. Not applicable disturbing communities ( see also daylight hours. However consultation and agreement with local 2.2.5) communities will allow for modifications. Contractor consultation No construction at night. with subproject corridor communities will be important 3. OPERATING PERIOD 3.1 Increased risk of pedestrian accidents 3.1 The project includes a road and community safety programme, Not yet due. Not applicable due to improved roads, faster speeds which will include various mitigation measures to control traffic and greater traffic volume speed, reduce hazards and to increase awareness of local communities. Post-maintenance consultation with local communities is proposed to check that provisions are adequate. 3.2 Diverted traffic damaging roads and 3.2 A number of the subprojects parallel toll road and it has been Not yet due. Not applicable endangering communities observed that under these conditions, improvements to non tolled roads results in truck traffic shifting to avoid tolls. To prevent that YHAB will install height barriers at both entrances to the affected roads 3.3 Social and community-based 3.3 YHAB will support financial incentives for transport entities to Not yet due. Not applicable enhancements in support of positive re-establish public transport services along subproject roads and impacts will monitor roads to assess changes in the provision of public transportation.

Appendix 2: Site Photos

Picture A2- 1 Construction workers laying roadside ditch

Picture A2- 2 Haulage vehicle covered with canvas

Picture A2- 3 Laying trench plate in front of village houses

Construction notice board Safety warning board

Picture A2- 4 Construction notice and safety warning boards established

Picture A2- 5 Road surface after dust suppressing

Picture A2- 6 Construction signboard of G320 pavement maintenance component

Picture A2- 7 Onsite environmental awareness training

Picture A2- 8 Onsite consultation with construction workers

Picture A2- 9 Onsite sampling

Picture A2- 10 Traffic diversion signboard