Tutorial Program at a Glance
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Ebook - Informations About Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download
eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org AIX Internet: AIX AmigaOS Internet: AmigaOS AtheOS Internet: AtheOS BeIA Internet: BeIA BeOS Internet: BeOS BSDi Internet: BSDi CP/M Internet: CP/M Darwin Internet: Darwin EPOC Internet: EPOC FreeBSD Internet: FreeBSD HP-UX Internet: HP-UX Hurd Internet: Hurd Inferno Internet: Inferno IRIX Internet: IRIX JavaOS Internet: JavaOS LFS Internet: LFS Linspire Internet: Linspire Linux Internet: Linux MacOS Internet: MacOS Minix Internet: Minix MorphOS Internet: MorphOS MS-DOS Internet: MS-DOS MVS Internet: MVS NetBSD Internet: NetBSD NetWare Internet: NetWare Newdeal Internet: Newdeal NEXTSTEP Internet: NEXTSTEP OpenBSD Internet: OpenBSD OS/2 Internet: OS/2 Further operating systems Internet: Further operating systems PalmOS Internet: PalmOS Plan9 Internet: Plan9 QNX Internet: QNX RiscOS Internet: RiscOS Solaris Internet: Solaris SuSE Linux Internet: SuSE Linux Unicos Internet: Unicos Unix Internet: Unix Unixware Internet: Unixware Windows 2000 Internet: Windows 2000 Windows 3.11 Internet: Windows 3.11 Windows 95 Internet: Windows 95 Windows 98 Internet: Windows 98 Windows CE Internet: Windows CE Windows Family Internet: Windows Family Windows ME Internet: Windows ME Seite 1 von 138 eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org Windows NT 3.1 Internet: Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 4.0 Internet: Windows NT 4.0 Windows Server 2003 Internet: Windows Server 2003 Windows Vista Internet: Windows Vista Windows XP Internet: Windows XP Apple - Company Internet: Apple - Company AT&T - Company Internet: AT&T - Company Be Inc. - Company Internet: Be Inc. - Company BSD Family Internet: BSD Family Cray Inc. -
Print Server N01 ライセンスについて
Print Server N01 ライセンスについて このたびは、Print Server N01 をお買い上げいただき、まことにありがとうございます。 本書は、ライセンスについて記載しています。 なお、Print Server の基本的な操作については、「ユーザーズガイド 導入編」をお読みください。 もくじ TOYO COLOR FINDER®......................................................................................................................................................2 DIC カラーガイド........................................................................................................................................................................2 PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM®...............................................................................................................................2 Apache の Xerces .....................................................................................................................................................................2 libtiff...................................................................................................................................................................................................5 ADOBE® PDF LIBRARY .....................................................................................................................................................5 UNLHA32.DLL ...........................................................................................................................................................................5 ADOBE® CPSI............................................................................................................................................................................5 -
The Strange Birth and Long Life of Unix - IEEE Spectrum Page 1 of 6
The Strange Birth and Long Life of Unix - IEEE Spectrum Page 1 of 6 COMPUTING / SOFTWARE FEATURE The Strange Birth and Long Life of Unix The classic operating system turns 40, and its progeny abound By WARREN TOOMEY / DECEMBER 2011 They say that when one door closes on you, another opens. People generally offer this bit of wisdom just to lend some solace after a misfortune. But sometimes it's actually true. It certainly was for Ken Thompson and the late Dennis Ritchie, two of the greats of 20th-century information technology, when they created the Unix operating system, now considered one of the most inspiring and influential pieces of software ever written. A door had slammed shut for Thompson and Ritchie in March of 1969, when their employer, the American Telephone & Telegraph Co., withdrew from a collaborative project with the Photo: Alcatel-Lucent Massachusetts Institute of KEY FIGURES: Ken Thompson [seated] types as Dennis Ritchie looks on in 1972, shortly Technology and General Electric after they and their Bell Labs colleagues invented Unix. to create an interactive time- sharing system called Multics, which stood for "Multiplexed Information and Computing Service." Time-sharing, a technique that lets multiple people use a single computer simultaneously, had been invented only a decade earlier. Multics was to combine time-sharing with other technological advances of the era, allowing users to phone a computer from remote terminals and then read e -mail, edit documents, run calculations, and so forth. It was to be a great leap forward from the way computers were mostly being used, with people tediously preparing and submitting batch jobs on punch cards to be run one by one. -
Kratka Povijest Unixa Od Unicsa Do Freebsda I Linuxa
Kratka povijest UNIXa Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa 1 Autor: Hrvoje Horvat Naslov: Kratka povijest UNIXa - Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa Licenca i prava korištenja: Svi imaju pravo koristiti, mijenjati, kopirati i štampati (printati) knjigu, prema pravilima GNU GPL licence. Mjesto i godina izdavanja: Osijek, 2017 ISBN: 978-953-59438-0-8 (PDF-online) URL publikacije (PDF): https://www.opensource-osijek.org/knjige/Kratka povijest UNIXa - Od UNICSa do FreeBSDa i Linuxa.pdf ISBN: 978-953- 59438-1- 5 (HTML-online) DokuWiki URL (HTML): https://www.opensource-osijek.org/dokuwiki/wiki:knjige:kratka-povijest- unixa Verzija publikacije : 1.0 Nakalada : Vlastita naklada Uz pravo svakoga na vlastito štampanje (printanje), prema pravilima GNU GPL licence. Ova knjiga je napisana unutar inicijative Open Source Osijek: https://www.opensource-osijek.org Inicijativa Open Source Osijek je član udruge Osijek Software City: http://softwarecity.hr/ UNIX je registrirano i zaštićeno ime od strane tvrtke X/Open (Open Group). FreeBSD i FreeBSD logo su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane FreeBSD Foundation. Imena i logo : Apple, Mac, Macintosh, iOS i Mac OS su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke Apple Computer. Ime i logo IBM i AIX su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke International Business Machines Corporation. IEEE, POSIX i 802 registrirani i zaštićeni od strane instituta Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Ime Linux je registrirano i zaštićeno od strane Linusa Torvaldsa u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Ime i logo : Sun, Sun Microsystems, SunOS, Solaris i Java su registrirani i zaštićeni od strane tvrtke Sun Microsystems, sada u vlasništvu tvrtke Oracle. Ime i logo Oracle su u vlasništvu tvrtke Oracle. -
Mengenal Sistim Operasi *BSD
Mengenal Sistim Operasi *BSD Ada banyak sekali tulisan-tulisan yang membahas tentang BSD, baik tulisan mengenai sejarah, system administrasi, sampai penggunaan BSD kepada end-user sebagai desktop. Tulisan ini memperkenalkan BSD sebagai alternatif lain dari Linux untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan UNIX-like operating system di Indonesia. Dalam tulisan ini pula, dibahas mengenai beberapa hal yang membedakan antara Linux dan BSD, namun tidak memutuskan mana yang paling baik, karena untuk menentukan mana operating system yang paling baik digunakan adalah Anda sendiri. Daftar Isi 1. Sejarah 2. Distribusi Varian BSD 3. Model Pengembangan 4. Integrasi System 5. Software-software di BSD 6. System Administrasi 7. File System 8. Lain-lain 9. Kesimpulan Sejarah Hampir semua orang telah mendengar Linux saat ini. Namun apa itu BSD? BSD adalah singkatan dari Berkeley Software Distribution. BSD pertama kali dibangun dan dikembangkan oleh Computer System Research Group (CSRG) di University of California at Berkeley (UCB), BSD pertama kali keluar pada akhir 1977 sebagai paket tambahan dan patch dari AT&T UNIX version 6, yang mana waktu itu beroperasi pada mesin PDP-11 minicomputer. BSD pada akhirnya banyak memberikan kontribusi berharga pada pengembangan UNIX secara umum. Ada banyak fitur yang pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh BSD dan beberapa diadopsi dari AT&T dan vendor-vendor lainnya. BSD dibuat, dikembangkan, dan digunakan secara BEBAS sebagai perlawanan terhadap lisensi UNIX yang dimiliki oleh AT&T dan oleh karena itu BSD mempunyai lisensi tersendiri yang memungkinkan setiap orang bebas melakukan pengembangan, dan menggunakan source code BSD. Pada tahun 1993, 4.4BSD dirilis sebagai sebuah Operating System yang utuh. Untuk sejarah lengkap BSD di CSRG, mulai sejarah dari jaman kuda, motivasi orang-orang yang pertama kali mengerjakannya, sampai perseteruan lisensi dan hak cipta dengan AT&T, saya mereferensikan Anda untuk membaca tulisan yang dibuat oleh Kirk McKusick, “Twenty Years of Berkeley Unix“. -
UNIX History Page 1 Tuesday, December 10, 2002 7:02 PM
UNIX History Page 1 Tuesday, December 10, 2002 7:02 PM CHAPTER 1 UNIX Evolution and Standardization This chapter introduces UNIX from a historical perspective, showing how the various UNIX versions have evolved over the years since the very first implementation in 1969 to the present day. The chapter also traces the history of the different attempts at standardization that have produced widely adopted standards such as POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. The material presented here is not intended to document all of the UNIX variants, but rather describes the early UNIX implementations along with those companies and bodies that have had a major impact on the direction and evolution of UNIX. A Brief Walk through Time There are numerous events in the computer industry that have occurred since UNIX started life as a small project in Bell Labs in 1969. UNIX history has been largely influenced by Bell Labs’ Research Editions of UNIX, AT&T’s System V UNIX, Berkeley’s Software Distribution (BSD), and Sun Microsystems’ SunOS and Solaris operating systems. The following list shows the major events that have happened throughout the history of UNIX. Later sections describe some of these events in more detail. 1 UNIX History Page 2 Tuesday, December 10, 2002 7:02 PM 2 UNIX Filesystems—Evolution, Design, and Implementation 1969. Development on UNIX starts in AT&T’s Bell Labs. 1971. 1st Edition UNIX is released. 1973. 4th Edition UNIX is released. This is the first version of UNIX that had the kernel written in C. 1974. Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie publish their classic paper, “The UNIX Timesharing System” [RITC74]. -
Open Source Software: a History David Bretthauer University of Connecticut, [email protected]
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Published Works UConn Library 12-26-2001 Open Source Software: A History David Bretthauer University of Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/libr_pubs Part of the OS and Networks Commons Recommended Citation Bretthauer, David, "Open Source Software: A History" (2001). Published Works. 7. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/libr_pubs/7 Open Source Software: A History —page 1 Open Source Software: A History by David Bretthauer Network Services Librarian, University of Connecticut Open Source Software: A History —page 2 Abstract: In the 30 years from 1970 -2000, open source software began as an assumption without a name or a clear alternative. It has evolved into a s ophisticated movement which has produced some of the most stable and widely used software packages ever produced. This paper traces the evolution of three operating systems: GNU, BSD, and Linux, as well as the communities which have evolved with these syst ems and some of the commonly -used software packages developed using the open source model. It also discusses some of the major figures in open source software, and defines both “free software” and “open source software.” Open Source Software: A History —page 1 Since 1998, the open source softw are movement has become a revolution in software development. However, the “revolution” in this rapidly changing field can actually trace its roots back at least 30 years. Open source software represents a different model of software distribution that wi th which many are familiar. Typically in the PC era, computer software has been sold only as a finished product, otherwise called a “pre - compiled binary” which is installed on a user’s computer by copying files to appropriate directories or folders. -
Copyrighted Material
76034c01.qxd:Toolbox 3/29/08 10:40 AM Page 1 Starting with BSD Systems Whether you use BSD systems every day or just tweak one once in a while, a book that presents effi- IN THIS CHAPTER cient ways to use, check, fix, secure, and enhance Find BSD resources your system can be an invaluable resource. Learn quick and BSD UNIX Toolbox is that resource. powerful commands Have a handy refer- BSD UNIX Toolbox is aimed primarily at BSD ence to many useful power users and systems administrators. To give utilities you what you need, we tell you how to quickly locate and get software, monitor the health and Work as BSD gurus do security of your systems, and access network resources. In short, we cut to the most efficient ways of using BSD systems. Our goal with BSD UNIX Toolbox is to pack a lot of useful information for using BSD systems into a small package that you can carry around with you. To that end, we describe: ❑ Commands — Tons of command line examples to use BSD systems in helpful and clever ways ❑ GUI Tools — Quick pointers to graphical administration tools to configure your system ❑ Software packages — Short procedures to find and download tons of applications ❑ OnlineCOPYRIGHTED resources — Listings of the best MATERIAL locations to find BSD forums, mailing lists, IRC channels, and other online resources ❑ Local documentation — Tools for gathering more information from man pages, doc directories, help commands, and other resources on your BSD system Because you’re not a beginner with BSD systems, you won’t see a lot of screenshots of windows, icons, and menus. -
BSD Based Systems
Pregled BSD sistema I projekata Glavne BSD grane FreeBSD Homepage: http://www.freebsd.org/ FreeBSD je Unix-like slobodni operativni sistem koji vodi poreklo iz AT&T UNIX-a preko Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) grane kroz 386BSD i 4.4BSD. Radi na procesorima kompatibilnim sa Intel x86 familijom procesora, kao I na DEC Alpha, UltraSPARC procesorima od Sun Microsystems, Itanium (IA-64), AMD64 i PowerPC procesorima. Radi I na PC-98 arhitekturi. Podrska za ARM i MIPS arhitekture je trenutno u razvoju. Početkom 1993. godine Jordan K. Hubbard, Rod Grimes i Nate Williams su pokrenuli projekat čiji je cilj bio rešavanje problema koji su postojali u principima razvoja Jolitzovog 386BSD-a. Posle konsultovanja sa tadašnjim korisnicima sistema, uspostavljeni su principi i smišljeno je ime - FreeBSD. Pre nego što je konkretan razvoj i počeo, Jordan Hubbard je predložio je firmi Walnut Creek CDROM (danas BSDi) da pripreme distribuiranje FreeBSD-a na CD-ROM-ovima. Walnut Creek CDROM su prihvatili ideju, ali i obezbedili (tada potpuno nepoznatom) projektu mašinu na kojoj će biti razvijan i brzu Internet konekciju. Bez ove pomoći teško da bi FreeBSD bio razvijen u ovolikoj meri i ovolikom brzinom kao što jeste. Prva distribucija FreeBSD-a na CD-ROM-ovima (i naravno na netu) bila je FreeBSD 1.0, objavljena u decembru 1993. godine. Bila je zasnovana na Berkeley-evoj 4.3BSD-Lite ("Net/2") traci, a naravno sadržala je i komponente 386BSD-a i mnoge programe Free Software Foundation (fondacija besplatnog- slobodnog softvera). Nakon što je Novell otkupio UNIX od AT&T-a, Berkeley je morao da prizna da Net/2 traka sadrži velike delove UNIX koda. -
Programmation Utilisant Les Interruptions Du Syst`Eme D’Exploitation : Le Cas De MS-DOS
Programmation utilisant les interruptions du syst`eme d’exploitation : le cas de MS-DOS Patrick C´egielski Janvier 2019 Pour Ir`ene et Marie Legal Notice Copyright c 2019 Patrick C´egielski Universit´eParis XII – IUT de S´enart-Fontainebleau Route foresti`ere Hurtault F-77300 Fontainebleau [email protected] iv Table des mati`eres Pr´eface ix 0.1 Bibliographie ...................................... x 1 Lesgrandesfonctionsd’unsyst`emed’exploitation 1 1.1 Etudeg´en´erale´ ..................................... 2 1.1.1 Les deux tˆaches d’un syst`eme d’exploitation . .... 2 1.1.2 Principe des syst`emes d’exploitation . 3 1.2 CasdeMS-DOS .................................... 5 1.2.1 Mod`eleentroiscouches ............................ 5 1.3 Historique........................................ 6 1.4 Bibliographie ...................................... 9 I Le syst`eme d’exploitation comme machine virtuelle 11 2 Programmer avec le DOS 13 2.1 Lesentr´ees-sortiesstandard . ....... 14 2.1.1 Fonction 02h d’affichaged’uncaract`ere . 14 2.1.2 Fonction 01h desaisied’uncaract`ereavec´echo . 15 2.1.3 Fonction 08h desaisied’uncaract`eresans´echo . 17 2.1.4 Saisie d’une chaˆıne de caract`eres . .. 17 2.2 L’interruption 33h de manipulation de la souris . 18 2.2.1 Fonction 00h d’initialisation de la souris . 18 2.2.2 Fonctions 01h et 02h d’affichage et de transparence du pointeur . 18 2.2.3 Fonction 03h de r´ecup´eration de la position du pointeur . 19 2.2.4 Fonction 04h ded´eplacementdupointeur . 20 2.3 Fonction 05h d’impression............................... 21 2.4 Lesyst`eme ....................................... 22 2.4.1 Fonction 2Ah d’obtentiondeladate ..................... 22 2.4.2 R´ecup´eration de l’heure . -
Swsoft Gewinnt Ex-Microsoft-Systemarchitekten Als Senior Technical Advisor
SWsoft gewinnt Ex-Microsoft-Systemarchitekten als Senior Technical Advisor Mark Zbikowski kommt mit Expertenwissen über Windows- Systemprogrammierung zum Unternehmen für Virtualisierungs- und Automatisierungssoftware Darmstadt, 17.01.2008. – SWsoft vermeldet einen prominenten neuen Berater: Mark Zbikowski, ehemaliger Systemarchitekt bei Microsoft und einer der Pioniere der Softwareentwicklung überhaupt, wird für das Unternehmen als Senior Technical Advisor tätig. In dieser Funktion wird er SWsoft unterstützen, indem er das Entwicklungsteam und die Führungskräfte berät. Während seiner Zeit bei Microsoft leitete Zbikowski MS-DOS-, OS/2-, Cairo- und NT-Projekte. Im Jahre 2006 wurde er für seine 25 Dienstjahre in der Firma geehrt und war der erste Mitarbeiter - nach Bill Gates und Steve Ballmer - der diese Karrieremarke erreichte. Zbikowski entwarf das Dateiformat der „EXE“-Programme unter MS-DOS; seine Initialen „MZ“ zieren bis heute die Kopfdaten dieses Formats für ausführbare Dateien. Er war ein wichtiger Designer und Entwickler für das gängigste Dateisystem Windows NTFS. Heute lehrt Zbikowski an der University of Washington, nachdem er im Juni 2006 bei Microsoft ausgeschieden war. Er besitzt einen von Harvard verliehenen Bachelor-Grad in angewandter Mathematik und einen Master-Abschluss von Yale. "Die Unternehmenskultur bei SWsoft erinnert an die aufregenden Anfangsjahre von Microsoft – eine junge Firma voller Energie und mit riesigen Chancen, die Veränderungen wesentlich mitzugestalten, die es im Einsatz der Informationstechnologie zum Nutzen von Verbrauchern und Unternehmen überall auf der Welt geben wird“, sagt Zbikowski. „Ich freue mich sehr auf den Beginn meiner Mitarbeit an SWsofts kontinuierlicher Entwicklung von Weltklasse-Software für Virtualisierung, Management und Automatisierung.“ “Marks Erfahrungen mit der Erstellung von Systemkomponenten für die meistverbreitete Software weltweit – Microsoft Windows – sind von großer Bedeutung für unsere Arbeit", so Serguei Beloussov, CEO bei SWsoft. -
Portable Executable מאת Spl0it
Portable Executable מאת Spl0it הקדמה - מה זה PE? ויקיפדיה: "PE )קיצור של Portable Executable( הוא פורמט שפותח ע"י Microsoft עבור קבצי ריצה, קבצי אובייקט, ספריות קישור-דינמי )DLL(, קבצי פונטים )FON( ועוד אשר משומשים בגרסאות ה32- וה- 64 ביט של מערכות המשתמשות במערכת ההפעלה PE .Windows הוא מבנה נתונים אשר מקבץ את המידע ההכרחי בשביל שה-Loader של Windows יצליח לנהל את הקוד בזמן ריצה". סוגי הקבצים הנפוצים ביותר המשתמשים בפורמט PE: exe - קובץ ריצה dll - ספריית קישור-דינמי sys/drv - קובץ מערכת )דרייבר לקרנל( ocx - קובץ שליטה ב-ActiveX cpl - לוח בקרה scr - שומר מסך הערה: לקבצי lib. )ספריות סטטיות( יש פורמט שונה, לא PE. מערכת ההפעלה Windows עושה שימוש בקבועים הנ"ל כדי לייצג גדלים של משתנים: גודל טיפוס בית CHAR (Character) 1 2 בתים WORD 2 בתים (SHORT (Short Integer 4 בתים (DWORD (Double Word 4 בתים (LONG (Long Integer 8 בתים (QWORD (Quad Word 8 בתים LONGLONG כלים לחקירת ה-PE: PEView - לטובת הסתכלות על ה-PE של קבצים בפורמט זה CFF Explorer - אותו דבר, אך עם פיצ'רים נוספים כגון עריכת ה-PE בהקסדצימלי והמרת הקובץ לשפת אסמבלי WinDbg - עבור ניפוי שגיאות )Debugging( בסיסי פורמט ה-PE נראה כך )התמונה ממוספרת כדי שההסברים בהמשך המאמר יהיו ברורים יותר. לתמונה "נקייה" יותר, לחצו כאן(: Portable Executable www.DigitalWhisper.co.il גליון 90, ינואר 2018 2 DOS-Header המבנה הראשון, הנמצא ב-0x0 Offset, נקרא DOS-Header והוא נראה כך )מספר 1 בתמונת פורמט ה- :)PE הערה להמשך המאמר: שדות המסומנים בכחול הם שדות שחשובים לנו. לא אוכל לכסות את כלל השדות במאמר זה, לכן אכסה רק את השדות החשובים.