Revised Public Disclosure Authorized
Bi 4!{ i3:nk Financed
Wuuhan jrban Transport Project
Eiivi.rc . n saI Jmwpact Assess•i-meni RsRp)rt Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
The' Fourrtil sirvcy and Desigii iiis.itutc of China Ra{a;1w'as Public Disclosure Authorized Ci .ss A Cvrtiiic5.tc Holdcir with the No. G( IFZjZ No. 2605. May 200i3, Wuhani, P.R.Chmia I E 4 f~~ ~ ~u. ~/ ~~~lI i ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ .
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*S ,,.*''IJf5 'E* World Bank Financed
Wuhan Urban Transport Project
Environmental Impact Assessment Report
The Fourth Survey and Design Institute of China Railways
Class A Certificate Holder with the No. GHPZJZ No. 2605. May 2003, Wuhan, P.R.China
Chief Composer of this report:
Environmental Engineering Research and Design Department of FSDI Chief Engineer: Chen Fangrong (Senior Engineer)
Co-composer:
Wuhan Academy of Environmental Sciences
Namelist of composers:
Project Manager: Wang Zhonghe (Senior Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZDE No. 04239)
Main participants: Lei Bing (Senior Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZDT No. 0757) Tian Chao(Senior Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZTY No. 0059) Liu Jia(Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZBJ No. 0069) Zhang Weihong (Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZDT No. 0756) Deng Ming (Senior Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZDE No. 04289) Yu Yuming (Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZDE No. 04288) Xu Weibing (Senior Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZDE No. 04286) Gao Yan (Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZD No. 10113) Li Li (Assistant Engineer) (Certificate No: HPGZZD No. 10112)
Table of Contents
. In tro d u c tio n ...... I 1.1 Project Background ...... I 1.2 Planning and Strategic Considerations ...... 2 1.3 Objectives of Environmental Assessment ...... 5 1.4 Implementation Process of Environmental Impact Assessment ...... 5 1.5 Components of Environmental Assessment Documents ...... 7 1.6 Bases of EIA ...... 7 1.7 Assessment Scope, Assessment Standards and Assessment Phases ...... 10 1.8 Classification of EIA and Assessment Factors ...... 12 1.9 Focus of Assessment ...... 13 1.10 Determination Principles of Environmental Protection Targets ...... 13 1.11 Techniques and Methods to be Adopted for This Assessment ...... 13 1.12 Screeningofthe Safeguard Policies ofthe World Bank ...... 14 2. General Description and Analysis of the Project ...... 16 2.1 Name, Features and Location of the Project ...... 16 2.2 Project Components...... 16 2.3 Existing and Projected Traffic Volumes ...... 28 2.4 Construction Methods and Raw Materials ...... 33 2.5 Identification and Screening of Environmental Impacts of the Project ...... 33 2.6 Analysis of Main Environmental Impact Characteristics ...... 36 3. Analysis of Alternatives ...... 39 3.1 Road Alternatives ...... 39 3.2 Comparison of Road Engineering Designs ...... 41 3.3 Alternatives to Qinghua Road ...... 42 3.4 Analysis of Environmental Impacts with or without the Project ...... 43 4. Environmental Baseline of the Project Area ...... 45 4.1 Urban Natural Environment ...... 45 4.2 Urban Socioeconomic Setting a Commund Distributionnity ...... 46 4.3 Environmental Protection Targets ...... 48 4.4 Air Quality Baseline ...... 53 4.5 Acoustic Environment Baseline ...... 64 4.6 Assessment on Current Situation of Vibration Environment ...... 76 4.7 Baseline Sunshine Environment ...... 80 4.8 Baseline Surface Water Environment ...... 85 4.9 Water & Aquatic Life ...... 89 4.10 Soil and vegetation ...... 100 00. 4.11 Culture property .100 5. Impacts Assessment and Mitigations for Construction Phase .. 102 5.1 Noise Impact and Mitigation .102 5.2 Vibration Impact and Mitigation .106 5.3 Air impact and mitigation .108 5.4 Surface Water Impacts and Mitigation 1.I 5.5 Aquatic Life Impact and Mitigation .113 5.6 Vegetation Impacts and Mitigation .115 5.7 Community Impacts and Mitigation .117 5.8 Traffic Impact and Mitigation .118 5.9 Solid Waste Disposal .119 5.10 Impact to Cultural Relics and Mitigations During Construction .121 5.11 Contractor Management ...... 121 6. Environmental Impacts Assessment and Mitigations during Operation Phase .... 123 6.1 Air impact assessment and mitigation ...... 123 6.2 Noise Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures ...... 147 6.3 Vibration Impact and Mitigation Measures ...... 175 6.4 Sunshine Impact and Mitigation Measures ...... 190 6.5 Surface Water Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 192 6.6 Ecosystem impacts and mitigation ...... 194 6.7 Community Impacts and Mitigations ...... l99 6.8 Analysis of Risks due to Accidents ...... 2011. 7. Impact Assessment of Public Transport Project ...... 205 7.1 Forecast of air quality ...... 205 7.2 Acoustic Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures ...... 206 7.3 Surface Water Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures ...... 211 7.4 Measures of treating or disposing solid waste ...... 2...... 1...... 215 7.5 Analysis on Risk of Ges Station ...... 215 8. Resettlement ...... 218 8.1 Resettlement Scope ...... 218 8.2 Policy Framework and Compensation Standards ...... 218 8.3 Resettlement Methodology ...... 219 8.4 Impacts of Resettlement ...... 221 8.5 Resettlement Costs and Budget ...... 221 9. Public Consultation ...... 227 9.1 Purposes ...... 227 9.2 Approach and Methodology ...... 227 9.3 Results of First Round Public Participation ...... 228 9.4 Second Round of Public Consultation ...... 232 9.5 Responses to Public Concerns ...... 234 9.6 Third Round of Public Consultation ...... 235 9.7 Public Consultation Summary ...... 237 10. Environmental M anagement and M onitoring Plan ...... 240 10.1 Environmental Management Plan ...... 240 10.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 244 10.3 Public Participation Plan and Complaint Channel ...... 254 11. Summary and Conclusions ...... 256 11.1 Outline of the project ...... 256 11.2 Evaluation of the Present Status of Environment quality ...... 256 11.3 Evaluation of Construction Environmental Impacts ...... 258 11.4 Forecast and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts during Operation Period ...... 258 11.5 Forecast Assessment of the Bus Junction Station and Start/End Station ...... 262 11.6 Analysis of resettlement ...... 263 11.7 Environmental Effects and the Mitigation Measure ...... 263 11.8 Evaluation and Conclusion ...... 273
2 1-1 P.,eouraphi c Location of WuXhan.
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4-9 Q ! t-,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i - ii I 1. Introduction
1.1 Project Background
Wuhan, known to the country as a "hub of passageways for nine provinces", is the largest industrial base, trade centre and transportation hub in central China. As the provincial capital of Hubei, Wuhan is also a famous cultural city with a long history. Its location is of a particular strategic significance and development potential as Wuhan is a gateway city to the China's vast west which is under the country's ambitious Develop China's West program (Figure 1.1-I "Geographic Location of Wuhan"). As one of the most important cities in central China, Wuhan has seen a rapid economic development and urbanization in the past 20 years. However, its urban transportation system has lagged behind the overall development pace, limiting continued urban development and improvement of standard of living for urban residents. Many bottlenecks in the city core and around the city have formed due to the poor road conditions and/or the lack of maintenance, seriously affecting the efficiency of the city's transportation system and adversely impacting urban environmental quality. The lack of infrastructure in the suburb areas has impeded the overall urban development and expansion. These deficiencies and under-development in Wuhan urban transport system have affected the city as a regional economic center and frontier in developing China's west. This proposed urban transport system upgrading project (the Project), to be partially financed by the World Bank, represents a major effort in alleviating transportation bottlenecks and improvement of transport system efficiencies. The preparation work of the Project began in 1998. At the end of 1998, the Municipal Construction Commission of Wuhan and relevant municipal agencies compiled and finished a "Proposal for Wuhan Urban Transport Project Using a World Bank Loan", which as submitted to the State Development and Planning Commission (SDPC) in 1999, (re-structured as State Development and Reform Commission since March 2003). In February 1999, key Wuhan government agencies, such as the Construction Commission, Planning Commission, Finance Bureau, Planning Bureau, Municipal Administration Bureau, Public Utilities Bureau, Environmental Protection Bureau, Transport Administration Bureau, Planning Design Institute, Municipal Administration Design Institute, and Transport Design Institute, began to conduct a project preliminary feasibility study. On April 11, 2000, under the direct leadership of the Municipal Government, these key agencies jointly set up a Leading Group for Wuhan Urban Transport Project Using a World Bank Loan, to take the responsibility for organization and coordination work for the project. Under the Leading Group, an Foreign Capital Utilization Management Office for Wuhan Urban Transport Project or the Project Management Office (PMO) has been created and is responsible for the day to day preparation and implementation work of the Project. Since then, substantial preparation work has been conducted and completed, including Preparation Plan, data collection, and Pre-feasibility Study Report, as well as series of consultation with municipal congress and various government agencies. From March 15 to 18, 2002, engaged by the SPDC, China International Engineering Consulting Corporation conducted site evaluation and investigation for the Pre-Feasibility Study Report on Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project, resulting in a revision of the Pre-feasibility Study Report. This report was later officially approved by the SPDC, in December 2002.
At the same time, a series of World Bank missions also visited Wuhan providing guidance, assistance and evaluation of Project preparation. The project pre-appraisal by the World Bank was held from December 2 to 10, 2002.
Based on "Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects" promulgated by the State Council's Decree No. 253 (1998) and the official document HJ 324 (93) entitled "Notice on Strengthening Management Work of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Construction Projects Using International Financial Institutions Loans" jointly issued by the State Environmental Protection Bureau (SEPA), SPDC, Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the People's Bank of China, as well as relevant World Bank operational policies, a detailed environmental assessment (EA) is required for the Project. The PMO has entrusted the Fourth Survey and Design Institute of Railways (FSDIR) to carry out the environmental assessment (EA) for the Project. The Wuhan Academy of Environmental Sciences also participated in the EA, together with the FSDIR form the EA team. A terms of reference (TOR) for the EA was prepared by the EA team, which was reviewed by a SEPA's expert committee on November 14, 2002 and its comments have been incorporated into the revised TOR. An official approval of the revised TOR was given by SEPA's Project Environmental Evaluation Centre in its official review opinion letter on December 9, 2002. On March 27, 2003 a SPEA designated expert panel reviewed the draft final EIA report and the review comments have been incorporated into the final EIA report in Chinese, as well as this English version of the EA documents (EIA, EMP and EA Summary).
This environmental impact assessment (EIA) report is prepared on the basis of the EA TOR and the review comments from both the expert review panels for TOR and draft final report, as well as November 2002's version of the Project Feasibility Study Report by the PMO. The World Bank's Operational Policy OP 4.01 "Environmental Assessment" and other relevant safeguard policies also form a very important basis for this EA report. Various municipal government agencies and professional institutions also provided data and information during EA team's effort of baseline environmental study, impact assessment and mitigation measure planning.
1.2 Planning and Strategic Considerations
The Municipal Government of Wuhan has recently initiated a strategic study for the city's transportation system, in preparation for an urban transport project using a World Bank loan.
2 The study was based on the State Council's replies to "Wuhan Urban Master Plan" (1996-2020), as well as the city's social and economic conditions. It is also based on the principle of sustainable improvement, development of the city's economy, increase of standards of living for the residents of Wuhan City and improvement of the urban environmental quality. The results of Wuhan urban transport development strategy study demonstrates the urgent need for upgrading the city's transportation system through various physical works and policy initiatives, including road construction, road maintenance, traffic control, public transit and transport environmental protection. Bulk of the study results, as well as the priority components in the transport master plan, form this Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project (the Project), to be partially financed by a World Bank loan. According to Wuhan Urban Master Plan (1996-2020), the Wuhan city proper will be expanded from 3.9 million population in 1998 to 4.5 million in 2020 and the urban areas from 240 km2 to 427.5 km2 over the same period. By 2020, Wuhan will form two downtown core areas, to be located on both sides of Changjiang river, respectively. The two downtown cores will each be surrounded by 10 central areas which, in turn, will be surrounded by additional 10 suburb areas. The population density at 600-800/ha will be the highest in the downtown core areas and gradually reduced towards the suburb areas at 300-500/ha. The current World Bank supported project includes road upgrading and widening components in the downtown core areas, as well as new road components in four central areas where there is a lack of road infrastructure.
According to Wuhan's master urban transport plan, the urban trunk road network will consist of three ring roads and ten major "radial" roads which extend from the city center towards the suburb in different directions. The plan also includes development of secondary and branch road networks, as well as systems for public transit, bicycles, pedestrians and parking. By 2010, the total road length in Wuhan will be 1872 km and the total road area, 34.7 km2, average of 9 m per resident. By 2020, these parameters will be 2443 km, 71.3 km2 and 16 m2 per resident. All intersections along the express roads (the ring roads) will have interchanges to achieve grade separate, non-stop crossing. The Master Plan also puts public transport a priority in the urban transportation system. By 2020, the public transportation system will include three light rail lines, a total of 790 km public transportation routes, 16 bus maintenance facilities, 34 bus terminals, and 79 bus parking lots.
Based on the urban topography, location and built-up conditions, Wuhan urban transport system faces three major issues: river crossing (Changjiang and Hanjiang rivers which divided the city into three sections), urban transportation and transit motor vehicles. The World Bank financed Wuhan urban transport project includes components to address the priorities in all three issues.
The Wuhan master urban transport plan calls mainly for seven crossings over Changjiang river and six for Hanjiang river. This World Bank financed project will include construction
3 and upgrading of several ramps to the existing bridges to maximize the role of bridges in the transportation network. The World Bank financed project will have major components in solving the urban or city core transportation issue. Relevant project components to address this issue will include improvement of road network by construction of new roads and opening the dead ends and the increase of road transport capacity by road widening, upgrading, construction of interchanges and road maintenance. In addition, the project will also support a major public transport component, as well as other components such as intersection optimization and control, motor and non-motor vehicle separation, transport safety education, and motor vehicle emission control strategy development. Within the project, several project components and roads are on the inner and mid ring roads. The completion and upgrading of the ring road systems will help address the issue of transit motor vehicles through detouring such vehicles from downtown and city core areas. Clearly, the proposed World Bank financed project will address all three key strategic transport issues in Wuhan, The project is in full compliance with the Wuhan Urban Master Plan and Wuhan Urban Transport Master Plan. In fact, the project roads and other project components are among the top priority in the plans in addressing the urgent issues in the Wuhan urban transport system. As such, the project will be a critical step in fully implementing the plans and play an important role in Wuhan's effort to build the city a regional center in central China and key gateway to the China's west. By alleviating the transport congestion and bottlenecks and improving the transport efficiency, the project will support the city's sustainable economic development, improvement of standards of living, and environmental upgrading. Wuhan Environmental Master Plan (1996-2020) sets short term (2005) targets for ambient air quality to meet Class I in East Lake and other scenery sites, Class III in the industrial zones of the city and Class II in other areas. The targets for Changjiang and Hanjiang rivers and East Lake water quality is Class III and noise targets is 70 dB(A) for trunk roads and other areas average noise level is 56 dB(A). The long term goal (2010 and beyong), target for the ambeint air quality city wide is Class II or better, for water quality in Changjiang and Hanjiang rivers and East Lake, Class II, and for noise, 85% of the urban areas reach applicable standards. The World Bank financied project will contribute to air qaulity improvement targets through improved motor vehicle efficiency and reduced unit vehicle emission. Construction and/or operation of the project will however, adversely impact the water quality and noise environments in general. Effective mitigation will be needed to reduce the adverse impacts in order to comply with requirements from the environmental master plan. The actual levels of impacts as well as specific mitigation measures are included in the later chapters of this report.
4 1.3 Objectives of Environmental Assessment
The primary objective of the EA is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of various environmental impacts from the Project by investigating and monitoring of physical-chemical, biological and socio-economic environments of the Project area, and by a broad public participation. More specifically, the objectives of the EA are to:
A Provide an environmental protection basis for the project designer and project decision-maker, ensure the implemented project with environmental rationality and environmental sustainability; AX Identify and evaluate the negative environmental impact at the preliminary stage of the project so as to adopt environmental protection measures including alternatives to mitigate or minimize the negative environmental impact to an acceptable level; X Provide environmental compensation measure when the negative environmental impact cannot not avoided or effectively mitigated. X Provide a basis for the implementation department and relevant governmental agencies to comply and implement environmental management, mitigation and monitoring plan.
1.4 Implementation Process of Environmental Impact Assessment
Based on the "Management Procedures of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects" promulgated by the SEPA in June 1990, the environmental assessment of this project is divided into two stages. Preparation of the Terms of Reference for Environmental Assessment and then the actual impact assessment and EA documentation preparation. The full procedures for the two stages are shown in Figures 1.4-1.
5 Construction PMO WB Department of NEPA PMJ
I Trust
Check EA unit CheckI Submission
Project environmental impact identification, environmental current situation investigation, and first roInd of public participation
|Preparation of Terms of Reference of EA
Social, economic, physical and Current situation of acoustic Engineering design data study biological environmental environmental, ambient air and background data Investigation vibation environment
Environmental current situation assessment
Environmental impact asses ment
Environmental Second round of publccitigation measu participation
Envnment Compilation of EA report manareetna / I
Altemnatve ?ptions analysis als Comprehensive analysis and Submission assessment
Check Compilation of environmental management plan and Submission > abstract of EA report
Figure 1.4-1 Procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment
6 1.5 Components of Environmental Assessment Documents
The environmental assessment documents consist of three parts, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report, Environmental Assessment Summary (EA summary) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which are collectively called EA documentation. According to the requirements of World Bank Operational Policy OP 4.01 "Environmental Assessment", EIA report is required for a Class A project. It focuses on determining and assessing the potential environmental impacts of the project, and developing proper mitigation measures and management and monitoring measures. The EA Summary is a concise summary of the key findings and results of the EIA report. An EMP is to describe in detail the mitigation measures and other environmental management measures to be adopted during in Project implementation. The implementation of the EMP is to as to eliminate, mitigate, minimize or otherwise compensate the adverse environmental impacts and bring the impacts to the acceptable level. As the Project EA team, FSDIR ensure that, excepting the different expressions between Chinese and English languages, and the economic analysis required by the SEPA what is not included in the English version, the contents in both versions of the EA documentation have no difference of substance. Furthermore, the section on resettlement in the English version is a concise summary from the findings and conclusions of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) prepared by the Project Resettlement Office in November 2002.
1.6 Bases of EIA
This environmental assessment report is prepared based on the relevant environmental protection law, regulations and standards of the People's Republic of China (PRC), safeguard policies of the World Bank, relevant regulations and planning documents of Hubei Province and Wuhan city, Project design documents, technical specifications and international environmental agreements signed by China, etc. More specifically, the basis of the EA is: Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations of the PRC
At "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China", approved by the 11 "'
meeting of the Standing Committee of the 7 th National People's Congress on December 26, 1989, enforcement on December 26, 1989. X "Prevention and Control Law of Environmental Noise Pollution of the People's Republic of China", approved by the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the 8th National People's Congress on October 29, 1996, enforcement on March 1, 1997. AX "Prevention and Control Law of Atmospheric Pollution of the People's Republic of China", approved by the 15th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 9th National People's Congress on April 29, 2000, enforcement on September 1, 2000. X "Prevention and Control Law of Water Pollution of the People's Republic of China", approved by the 5th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 6'h National People's Congress on May 11, 1984, enforcement on November, 1, 1984, and amended by the 19th meeting of the 8th Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on May 15, 1996" AR "Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects" promulgated by the State Council's Decree No. 253 (1998), approved by the 1 0th standing meeting of the State Council on November 18, 1998, and enforcement on November 18, 1998. X The Official Letter No. HJ 324 (93) titled "Notice on Strengthening the Management Work of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Construction Projects Using International Financial Institutions Loan" jointly issued by the National Environmental Protection Bureau, State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China. Requirements of the World Bank The requirements of the World Bank are included in ten safeguard policies, procedure and operational guidance. They are:
AX Environment Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01) AC Forestry (OP/GP 4.36) X Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) AC Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) AS Pest management (OP 4.09) AX Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30) 3R Indigenous people (OD 4.20) X Cultural Propenty (OP 4.1 1) X Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60) AC Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP 7.50)
Environmental planning documents of Hubei Province and Wuhan
X The Official Letter No. EZBF 74 (2000) titled "Reply on Relevant Issues on the Regulations of the Environmental Function Classification and Integrated Water Sources Protection Areas Classification of Surface Water and Drink Water of Wuhan City Issued by the General Office of the People's Government of Hubei Province" AR The Official Letter No. WZB 245 (1995) titled "Notice on Classification Report on Surface Waters Function, Atmospheric Environmental Quality Area and Environmental Acoustic Area .in Part of Districts and Counties of Wuhan City Transmitted by the General Office of People's Government of Hubei Province to Environmental Protection Bureau of Wuhan City" issued by the People's Government of Wuhan City AC The Official Letter No. WH 21 (1995) titled "Notice on Classifications of Environmental Acoustic Areas in Caidian District and Wuhan Economic and Technical Development Zone
8 Issued by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Wuhan City" tC The Official Letter No. WH 113 (1995) titled "Notice on Adjusting Part of Environmental Acoustic Classifications in Wuhan City Issued by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Wuhan City" A The Official Letter No. WZ 24 (1995) titled "Notice on Prevention and Treatment of Environmental Noise Pollution in the Construction Working Site in City Proper" issued by the People's Government of Wuhan City AX The Official Letter No. WZ 40 (2002) titled "Notice on the Implementation Plan for the Action Plan of Blue Sky and Clean Water in Wuhan Issued by the People's Government of Wuhan City" X The Order No. 115 of the People's Government of Wuhan City titled "Prevention, Treatment and Management Methods for Pollution of Urban Drink Water Sources of Wuhan"
A "Regulations of Lake Protection of Wuhan City" approved by the 2 9 'h meeting of the Standing Committee of People's Congress of Hubei Province in 2002 X The Official Letter No. WH 133 (2000) titled "Notice on Issuing Classification of Functional Area of Wuhan Urban Ambient Air Quality Issued by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Wuhan City"
Engineering design document
X "Feasibility Study Report of Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project Using World Bank Loan", organized and compiled by PMO Technical specifications
At "Technical Guidelines for EIA General Principles * Air Environmental * Surface Water Environment"(HJ/T 2.1-2.3-93), issued by SEPA. X "Technical Guidelines for EIA * Acoustic Environment"(HJ/T 2.4-95), issued by SEPA. X "Technical Guidelines for EIA * Non-Polluted Ecological Environment Impact"(HJ/T 19-1997), issued by SEPA. Relevant study reports and literatures PC "Resettlement Action Plan of Wuhan Urban Transport Project", prepared by the project Resettlement Office. XC "Bulletin of Environmental Status of Wuhan City" (2001), compiled by the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau. X "Statistic Yearbooks of Wuhan City" (2001), compiled by the Wuhan Statistic Bureau
International environmental agreements signed by China
X United Nation Climatic Change Frame Agreement X Biological Variety Treaty, signed on December, 29, 1993 A Ozonosphere Protection Vienna Treaty, signed on December, 30, 1989 AC Montreal Protocol on Minimizing Harmful Matters Discharged into Ozonosphere
9 (revision) signed on August 20, 1992.
1.7 Assessment Scope, Assessment Standards and Assessment Phases
1.7.1 Assessment Scope
Based on the environmental impact assessment experiences of the similar projects in China and abroad and the relevant environmental impact assessment guidelines, considering the existing environmental status of the Project area, the assessment scopes for the Project EA have been proposed by the EA team and approved by the SEPA. The scopes are shown in Table 1.7-1. Table 1.7-1 Environmental Impact Assessment Scope
Assessment topics Assessment scopes Soil adArea 50-100 m within the both sides of the centreline of road and around the crossing viaduct and Soil and vegetation mass transit station
Acoustic The first row of building at both sides of road, crossing viaduct and the mass transit station environment Vibration 60 m within the area at both side of the centreline of road environment According to the emission condition of tail gas, the ambient air impact assessment scope along the Ambitair road and around the mass transit station is the area 50-300 m at both sides of the road and the mass Ambient transit station; the integral ambient air impact assessment scope of Wuhan City is the area within the
middle ring line. Water environment Sewage from mass transit station, preliminary rainwater discharging entrance from road to municipal sewer or affected receiving water body Sunshine First row of houses without sunshade wall at its front and neighbouring street at both sides of viaduct Mainly including community, landscape, traffic, cultural relic protection, weak group, demolishment and resettlement, public participation, and economic development, the integral assessment scope is Socalaeconomy the area 300 m within the both sides of the centreline of road, crossing viaduct and mass transit station, and that for special assessment factor can be wider
1.7.2 Assessment Standards
According to the environmental functional zoning of Wuhan, the latest local laws and regulations, relevant technical policies and the requirements of the World Bank, environmental standards applied for this assessment are determined as Table 1.7-2.
10 Table 1.7-2 EA Standards of Wuhan urban transport project
Environmental Standards Standard value or class Remarks factors GB 3096-93 "Urban Regional Daytime 1,eq55 dBA All sensitive receptors such as Envntonniental Noise Standard/s" Nighttime Leq 45dBA (Class I) schools, hospitals, kindergareens, Acoustic environment semors home, etc GB 12523-90 "Standaidfot Noise at Ihe detailed statidard values are shown it At boundaries of construction BoundariesofConsti ictionSiles" Table 1 7-3 sites Executing Class Ill standard for sewage discharged into urban sewvage treatnient plant W~atcr GB 8978-1996 Seivage for further treatment, diecuhang Class I Sewage discharge general pollutants Comprehensive Discharge standard for the sewage discharged ito the entrances of all the sewage discharge Stdd" water source area (Class 11 protective area), E- standard executing Class 11 standard for the other sewage (detailed standard values are shown in Table 1 7-5) Class Ill wvater body (detailed standard values Wuhan reaches of Yangtze GB Ualerare showvn in Table 1 7-6) East Lake enionmeril Q 32al2tySta "EdardsforSnirfaceWater" Class IV water body (detailed standard values Shahu Lake, Moshuihu Lake, standard Qult taiad o ufc ae" are shown in Table 1 7-6) South Lake, Nantaizihu Lake Class V water body (detailed standard values Fuhe River are showvn in Table 1 7-6) (Huanghualao-Yangtze River) Executing the standard for Class 11 area Ambient air GB 3095-1996 "Atnbient Air Qutaltv (detailed standard values are shown in Table Qingshan indtistrial areas > qtiality Standards" (revised on January 6, . standard 2000) Executing the standard for Class Ill area (detailed standard values are showI in Table Qingshan industrial area 174) Vibration environment GB 10070-88 "Urban Regional Daytime 75 dB, Whole vibration assessment Environmenital Vibration Stanidards" Nighttime 72 dB scope Based on the sunshine environmental current situation and economic Susiestandard situation, referring to the relevant Thnae"ecniae Sagaeglt of in siurbate Pltaningd Surrounding of viaduct, both Sunshine standards of Shanghai whose winter sunshine standardsh to see Table 7-7 sides of elevated road sunshine percentage is similar to that in Wuhan
Table 1.7-3 Standard for Noise at Boundaries of Construction Sites unit: Leq (dBA)
Noise limited value Construction stage Main noise sources Daytime Nighttime Earth vork and stonewvoak Bulldozer, excavator, and shovel loader, etc. 75 55
Piling Vanious piling machines 85 Constructionforbidden is
Structure Concrete mixer, vibration bar, and electric sawv,etc 70 55 Fitment Crane and elevator, etc 65 55
Table 1.7-4 Ambient Air Quality Standards
Standard of concentration (mg/Nm 3) Sources of standards Pollutant Sampling time Class 11 Class 111 TSP Annual average 0 20 0.30 daily average 0.30 0 50 Annual average 0 10 0 15 GB3095-1996 Ambient Air
PM10 daily average 0.15 0 25 Quiality Standards" (revised on Annual average 0 08 0 08 January 6 2000)
NO2 daily average 0 12 0 12 hourly average 0.24 0 24
CO Daily average 4.00 6 00 hourly average 10 00 20 00
[HC Daily average 0.16 0 16 Referring to USA National hotirly average 0 16 0 16 Ambient Air Quality Standard
It Table 1.7-5 Sewage Comprehensive Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996) (unit: mg/L)
Class of standard SS COD BODs oil Class 1 70 100 20 5 Class 11 150 150 30 10 Class III 400 500 300 20
Table 1.7-6 Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) (unit: mg/L)
Class of Index of Ammonia Total Total Volatile Fecal standard permanganate nitrogen phosphors nitrogen phenol oi (onefL) _
Class III 6 20 4 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 005 0 05 10,000 Class IV 10 30 6 1 5 0 3 1.5 0.01 0.5 20,000 0 1 Class V 15 40 10 2 0 0 4 2.0 0 1 1 0 40,000
Table 1.7-7 Sunshine Reference Standards Region Sources Scope of application Sunshine time Remarks Technical Residential building Winter Solstice Regulations of UrbanWitrSlic Shanghai C RtyPlansong and Kindergarten, middle Continuous 3 hours on Full-window sunshine Management of school, primary school Winter Solstice time Shanghai Cgty Hospital, sanatorium, Continuous 3 hours on ward Winter Solstice 1.7.3 Assessment Phases
This EA focuses on three key years to predict and assess potential environmental impacts. These key years are 2007, 2012 and 2020, representing three project phases of Project completion, short operation term and long operation term, respectively. The Project is scheduled to complete in 2007, which is selected as the first full operation year for impact assessment. The year of 2012 is selected to reflect the impact on environment of the project at short term after the project is in service and the year of 2020 is selected to reflect the impact of the Project at long term after the project is full operation.
1.8 Classification of EIA and Assessment Factors
1.8.1 Classification of EIA
Based on the relevant clauses in the Official Letter No. HJ 324 (1993) entitled "Notice on Strengthening the Management Work of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Construction Projects Using International Financial Institutions Loan" jointly issued by the SEPA, MOF, SDPC and the People's Bank of China, and SEPA's "Technical Guideline of Environmental Impact Assessment", this Project is determined to be a Category A project. This is because that the Project is expected to cause significant impacts (including positive and negative impacts) on air, acoustic and other natural environmental systems and communities in Wuhan city proper after it is implemented, both in the construction and operation stages.
12 1.8.2 Assessment Factors The key environmental assessment factors are
AX The assessment factors of current ambient air state and forecast include CO, NO2 , PMIO and THC. XC The assessment factor of acoustic environment current state and forecast is continuous equivalent A sound level. AR The assessment factors of vibration environmental current state and forecast is vertical Z vibration level (VLz) of the sensitive receptors at both sides of road.
X The assessment factors of water environmental current state and forecast are SS, BOD5, COD and oils. XC The assessment factor of sunshine current state and forecast is the sunshine time of full windows on the Winter Solstice.
1.9 Focus of Assessment
The implementation of every sub-component of a transport project will cause impact on various urban environmental systems. Considering the actual impacts and depth of the environmental assessment work, the EA for this Project will focus on the sub-components with physical and civil works including new roads, road upgrading and widening, and road maintenance as well as the public transit component. Other components such as transport management system, etc. which will not involve physical works and thus little impacts to the natural environments, are not covered in the EA.
1.10 Determination Principles of Environmental Protection Targets
Some public services and institutions such as schools, hospitals, kindergartens and welfare centres at roadside are particularly vulnerable to adverse air, noise and other impacts. They will be considered as the key environmental sensitive receptors and the protective targets, and thus the focus of the EA. The first row of residential buildings at roadside is also environmentally sensitive receptors, although in some aspects, the assessment standards are not as stringent as the schools and hospitals. Besides, part of a national-level scenery and wetland site what is listed in the China Wetland Protective List (the East Lake), is on the Project site. The East Lake, particularly the area where the project is going to go through is also regarded as a sensitive receptor in this EA.
1.11 Techniques and Methods to be Adopted for This Assessment
The EA work of a transport project is conducted in accordance with the working procedure stipulated in the "Technical Guideline of Environmental Impact Assessment" issued by the SEPA. This assessment conducts current environmental baseline investigation and monitoring work after the EA TOR was approved. The baseline assessment is conducted using the
13 applicable standards listed above. The EA then forecasts by using relevant mathematical models and assessment methods of potential environmental impacts from Project construction and operation by the same standards. Based on the understanding of the impacts against applicable standards, effective and feasible mitigation measures have been proposed in the EA to mitigate and minimize adverse impacts to the levels in compliance with the applicable standards as well as in compliance with requirements of relevant operational policies of the World Bank. 1.11.1 Techniques and Methods for Current Environmental Quality Assessment X Identify the key pollutants according to the current state investigation and monitoring results of environmental quality and in accordance with GB 3095-1996 "Ambient Air Quality Standard" (revised on January, 6, 2000), and express the pollution degree by overproof time AC Conduct assessment for current states of acoustic environment and vibration environment according to the current states investigation and monitoring results of environmental quality and in accordance with GB 3096-93 "Urban Environmental Noise Standard" and GB 10070-88 "Urban Environmental Vibration Standard" AR Adopt the recommended standards for building design for sunshine assessment, express current state of sunshine by identifying whether it is up to the recommended design standard 1.11.2 Techniques and Methods for Environmental Impact Forecast AR For motor vehicle emission intensity, the MOBILE5 model from USA EPA is used in the EA AX For diffusion of atmospheric pollutants along the roads, CALINE4 model is applied in the EA X From the city wide perspective, impacts on ambient air quality in Wuhan city is forecasted by ISCST3 atmospheric forecast model. X Sunshine forecast adopts a formula from the relevant EA technical specifications AC For the forecast and analysis of other environmental factors, general techniques and methods for environmental impact assessment such as system analysis method, analogue investigation method and empirical assessment methods are applied in the EA.
1.12 Screening of the Safeguard Policies of the World Bank
Of all the safeguard policies of the World Bank, OP 4.01 "Environment Assessment" is a basic requirement. OP4.01 is also the key content of the EA documentation. The other safeguard policies are also screened in this assessment and applied if triggered. The screening is based on detailed a site investigation of the physical, biological and socio-economic environments where the Project is located and the environmental impact features of this project. Relevant government agencies are also consulted during the screening. The results of screening are shown in Table 1.1 2-1.
14 Table 1.12-1 Screening Results for World Bank Safeguard Policies
World BaPnlk Screening results Remarks
OP 4 01 It is the important basis of this assessment document, and it is reflected in Environmental Relevant the documents of EIA, EA summary and EMP. Assessment OP 4.04 Natural Relevant The East Lake which is in the project area is wetland, as such, Flabitats requirements of OP 4.04 Natural Habitat will apply in the EA OD 4.20 Indigenous Not relevant Therc is no any indigenous pcople residential area within the impact area People of this project, and thus this issue is not relevant to this project OP 4 36 Forest Has no concern with The impact scope of this project is mainly within the city proper of this assessment Wuhan, most of the land is developed and utilized, and there is no forest OP 4.09 Pest Has no concern with Tvhis project does not purchase or use the disinsection agentia listed in OP Management this assessment 4 09 Disinsection Agentia Management OP 4 11 Cultural Relevan Two cultural properties are located within the impacted area and this Properties policies will apply in the EA OD 4 301 Involuntay The project involve a large scale relocation and resettlement in urban O Involuntary Relevant areas and a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) will be prepared and its key Resettlement contents included in the EA report OP 4 37 Dam Safety Not relevant This project does not involve water dam OP 7.60 Disputed Not relevant The project involved no disputed areas as defined in OP 7 60 Area OP 7 50 Interational Not relevant This project involves no international waters as stipulated in OP 7 50 Waterway ______15
15 2. General Description and Analysis of the Project 2.1 Name, Features and Location of the Project
Key features of the project are:
AX Project name: Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project X Project nature: new road construction, existing road upgrading, and road expansion 3A Total investment of the project: the static total investment at the construction phase of this project is 4.936 billion Yuan, it is proposed to use 0.2 billion USD loan from the World Bank. A Scope and location of the project: all the contents of the project are distributed over the area within the scope of the city proper of Wuhan (within the middle ring line). The geological position of this project is shown in Figure 2.2-1 and 2.2-2. 2.2 Project Components
Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project is a complex system consisting of several sub-projects or components. The components will include physical works as well as improvement and upgrading of relevant management systems and software. According to the common characteristics of various components, the project may be divided into five categories: road infrastructure construction, traffic control and safety, public transit improvement, road maintenance and environmental protection components. A summary description of the contents of Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project is shown in Table 2.2-1 and a more detailed and specific description for each of the components are provided in the following sections of this chapter. Table 2.2-1 Description of Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project
Components Contents of construction Investment (ten ______thousand Yuan) Trunk roads 6 roads with a total length of44,658 m Interchange and intersections 13 new interchanges Road network Main roads 18 roads and 1 viaduct over passing railway 405025 development Bac rod ntrk with a total length of 45,436 m 452 Branch road network 3 roads with length of 2,755 m Pedestrian viaduct engineering 9 pedestrian bridges and 8 underpasses Traffic Improvement of pedestrian system; improvement of bicycle transport system, priority management of mass transit, intersection channelization/optimization, road transport regional 27456 and road safety control system (ATC) of city proper; road transport safety, propagation and education of users of road Set up modernized mass transit dispatching and information management system; technical aid project; mass transit system reform, adjustment of public transit lanes Construction of integrated bus terminals (major bus stations integrated with II Public transport train or long distance bus stations) 26078 Construction of regular bus terminals (starting/finishing bus stations for one 12 or several routes of buses) Reconstruction of bus stops 14 Road Road maintenance engineering | 8 roads and I bridge with 42,783 m maintenance Reform municipal maintenance institution, upgrade municipal maintenance 29360 equipment, raising scientific degree of road maintenancc Environmental Motor vehicle emission monitoring system and traffic noise automatic display system 1449 management 493634 Total cost (Including TA investment
16 1 42662)
Compared with the city's Master Plan for the transportation network (discussed in Section 1.2 of this report), the above components are among the priorities of the planned roads for the city. The World Bank financed roads will help completing the three ring roads and ten "radial" roads, which the backbone and main framework of road network, as outlined in the Master Plan. Several road components in this project (see details in Section 2.2.1 below) will also supplement the river crossing for both Changjiang and Han rivers, which is also a major task in the Master Plan, as they will serve as ramps and/or connecting roads/extension roads of river crossing bridges. The Master Plan calls for development of two downtowns in Wuhan and sufficient road density (e.g., 9 m2 of road surface/person by 2010 and 16 m 2/person by 2020). The road upgrading and widening in the downtown area, particularly in Hankou will support achieving these goals for formation and further development of the two downtown core areas in the city. All the interchanges in the project are to meet the Master Plan demands for interchanges of all intersections of express roads in the urban areas. The Master Plan requires construction of 34 bus terminals and the total of 23 bus terminals proposed in this project are among the 34 planned. 2.2.1 Road Network Development The road infrastructure construction is a main physical works component and thus a focus of the EA. This component consists of the construction of trunk roads in the urban city areas (6 roads and 13 viaducts), urban main roads (18 roads and I viaducts), branch roads improvement (3 roads), and pedestrian street crossing (8 underpasses and 9 pedestrian bridges). The geological location of the road infrastructure construction component is shown in Figure 2.2-1. Main engineering details and specifications are shown in Table 2.2-2.
t.7 Table 2.2-2 Details of Road Infrastructure Construction Components
Width of red line (m) osrco Class No. Description of Engineering Length of road (m) Width After n year Remarks project project RDI I Northern section of middle ring line 15,000 0 50 (Etouwan-San.jintan) RDI lal Main trunk road engineering 2,920 0 50 2003 (Etouwan-Gutian Rd 2) RDa2Main trunk road engineering (Gutian Rd 1,885 0 50 2003 RD I l1a2 2-Changqing Rd)
RDI la3 Main trunk road engineering (Changqing 790 0 50 2004 Rd-Gusaoshu) RDI. Ia4 Main trunk road engineering 5,805 0 50 2005 New (Gusaoshu-Sanjintan) Half-cloverleaf double-deck Xindun viaduct mecagbrde2004 RDI lb d) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~interchangebridge c Cloverleaf double-deck interchange KcR Iic C Changqing viaduct ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~bridgebrde2005 ; ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cloverleafdouble-deck interchange - RDI Id Gusaoshu viaduct (Xinhuaxia Rd) bld ge 2004 bridge RDI.le Sanjintan viaduct double-dcck interchange 2005 bridge 2005 Northem section of middle ring line 3,600 0 50 2007 New RDI.2 (Sanjintan-Hanshi Highway) l60__20 New 0 t RDI.3 Southern section of middle ring line RDI.3 (Qingling-South Luoshi Rd) , RDI 3a Main trunk road engineering 7,200 0 50 2005 RDI.3b Qingling viaduct Interchange bridge 2005 New RD1.3c Li.hi viaduct Partial-cloverleaf simple interchange RDI.3c Lizhi viaduct brdc2004 bridgc __ RDI 3d Yezhi viaduct Elevated disc-type simple interchange 2005 bridge c RD2. 1 Ramps connect Zhongshan Avenue with 5142 0 7 2003 _ . Yangtze River Highway Bridge l l Under-passing simple interchange 2003 New E RD2.6 Xunlimen under-passing subway bridge New
r RD2.7 Xianggang Rd viaduct Three-deck interchange bridge 2003 RDI 4 Qinghua Rd (Yuejiazui-Highway 21) New RDI.4a Qinghua Rd (Yuejiazui-Donghu Port) 4,480 0 40 2003 New RDI 4b Qinghua Rd (Donghu Port-Highway 21) 8,520 2006 Rebuilt
_ RDI.5 Huangpu Rd (Fazhan Ave-middle ring 4,610 17 40 2003 Rebuilt _ ~~~~~~~~~line)
L D 6 Old Hansha Highway 1,248 7 50 2005 Rebuilt (Biandanshan-middle ring line) n RD2 3 Qiaokou Rd viaduct Elevated simple interchange bridge 2007 New RD2.4 Zhalankou viaduct Under passing Zhongshan Road 2004 New
RD2_5 Guocikou viaduct Under-passing simple interchange 2005 New ______rid g e Total length of 44, 658 mn Subtotal 6 roads, 13 viaducts (excl6dingmhat
of viaducts ) Table 2.2-2 Details of Road Infrastructure Construction Components
Length of road Width of ed hne (m) Construction Class No. Description of Engineering (m) Before After year Remarks project project North Xianggang Rd (Jianshe RDI 8 1,978 20 40 2003 Extension Ave-Xrnhuaxia Rd) RDI 9 Dazhi Rd (J iefang Ave-Jinghan Ave) 340 16 30 2005 Extension RDI 10 Jianshe Ave (Huangpu Rd-Erqi Rd) 1,498 16 40 2005 Extension RDI 11 Jianshe Ave (Erqi Rd-Houhu Rd) 1,654 0 40 2004 New RDI .12 Youyi Rd (Zhongshan Ave-Jiefang Ave) 1,060 11 35 2003 Extension Nanniwan elevated bridge (Changfeng Ave _ RDI 13 1,370 0 17 2004 New over passing railway) RDI 14 Houhu Rd (Huangpu Rd-JiefangAve) 5,130 0 40 2004 New RDI 15 Zhongshan Ave (Lugouqiao Rd-Huangpu Rd) 498 10 40 2004 Extension RDI 16 Hanxi Rd 2 (ChangfengAve-JiansheAve) 2,657 0 30-40 2006 New RDI 17 Yanhe Ave (Jianghan Bridge 2-Main Gutian Rd) 4,741 0 30 2006 New
Cd Industrial Ave (Third Wuqing Trunk o RD1 8 2,630 0 50 2006 New Road-Qinghua Rd) South Luoshi Rd (Haogou-middle ring RDI 19 2,461 O 50 2005 New line)
RDI.20 North Zhongshan Rd (Fourth Wuqing 1,300 0 50 Trunk Road-Shahu Ave) 2005 New North Zhongshan Rd (Shahu Ave-East M RDI.21 1,000 0 50 Lake) RDI 22 Qii)uan Rd (L-lepingAvc-Zhongbei Rd) 2,280 0 30 2005 New RDI 23 Jinshui Rd (Zhongshan Rd-South Shouyi Rd) 327 5 40 2005 Rebuilt RDI 25 Shipailing Rd (Xiongchu Street-Jisan Rd) 1,440 0 30 2006 New RDI 26 Jisan Rd (Wuxian Hlighway-Xunsihe Rd) 1,240 0 40 2006 New RDI 27 Jisan Rd (Xunsihe Rd-Shipailing Rd) 2,250 0 30 o RDI 28 Mcizi Rd (Qintai Rd-HIanyang Avc) 1,085 0 40 2003 New RDI 29 Sixin Rd (Shisheng Rd-Yingwu Ave) 6,546 0 28 5 2007 Newv _ RDI 30 Maying Rd (middle Jiangdi Rd-Yingwu Ave) 1,960 0 30-35 2003 New 18 roads, one viaduct (Nanntwan Elevated Bridge as a Length of Subtotal viaduct) 45,436 mn RDI 31 Taibei Rd I (Taibei Rd-Sanyang Rd) 1,500 0 20 2004 New U, 0 2. c~ RD I 32 Hanixi Rd (Jiefang Ave-Yanhe Ave) 430 0 60 2004 New RDI 33 Lugouqiao Rd (JiefangAve-YanjiangAve) 825 10 30 2004 Extension Length of Stubtotal 3 roads 2,755 m
19 Table 2.2-2 Details of Road Infrastructure Construction Components
Length of road Width of red line (i) Construction Class No. Description of Engineering Before After Remarks (in) year project project RD3 I Wuhan Plaza underpass 102 5 0 8 2003 New Jinghan Avenue-Wusheng Rd pedestrian RD3 .2 bde3 5 0 4 2004 New bridge RD3 3 Xinhualu Stadium pedestrian bridge 39 2 0 4 2004 New Zhongshan Avenue-Duofu Rd pedestrian Q R-D3 4 bde30 0 4 2005 New bridge Jianshe Avenue-Qingnian Rd pedestrian RD3 5 46 0 4 2005 New bridge ____ RD3.6 Gongnongbing Rd pedestrian bridge 43 0 4 2003 New RD3 8 Jialefu footunderpass 60 0 8 2007 New RD3 9 Qingnian Rd-Shuili Rd pedestrian bridge 55 2 0 4 2005 New .g Zhongbei Rd-Qinyuan Rd pedestrian RD3.10 43 5 0 4 2005 New
bridge ______Wuluo Rd-Changchunguan pedestrian RD3 1Ibng bridge 57 0 4 2003 New RD3.12 Zhongbei Rd-Shuiguohu underpass 93 0 5 2004 New RD3.13 Yuejiazui foot underpass 30 0 5 2005 New RD3.14 Fujiapo footunderpass 140 0 7 2007 New R1RD3. 15 Xudongpingjia underpass 97 0 5 2003 New R1RD3.16 Wenhuagongunderpass 56 0 5 2006 New Wenhuagong (approach of Yangtze River R.13.17 67 4 0 5 2006 New Bridge) underpass RD3.18 Meiguiyuan Rd pedestrian bridge 41 0 4 2005 New Subtotal 8 underpasss, 9 pedestrian bridges 1,035 8 93,884 8 m Total (excluding lengths of viaduct)
20 Table 2.2-3 Details of Road Infrastructure Components Constructing in 2003
No. Description of Engineering RDI I Northern section of middle ring line (EtouiMan-Sanjintan) RDI lal Main trunk road engineering (Etouwan-Gutian Rd 2) RDI la2 Main trunk road engineering (Gutian Rd 2-Changqing Rd) RD2 I Ramps connect Zhongshan Avenue with Yangtze River Highway Bridge RD2 6 Xunlimen under-passing subwa' RD2 7 Xianggang Rd viaduct RDI 4 Qinghua Rd (Yueliazui-High\vay 21) RDI 4a Qingiua Rd (YueliazuLi-Donghu Port) RD I 5 I-luangpu Rd (Fazhan Ave-middle ring line) RD I 8 North Xianggang Rd (Jianshe Ave-Xinhuaxia Rd) RD 1.12 Youyi Rd (Zhongshan Ave-Jiefang Ave) RDI 28 Meizi Rd (Qintai Rd-HanyangAve) RDI 30 Maying Rd (middle Jiangdi Rd-Yingwu Ave) RD3.1 Wuhan Plaza underpass RD3 6 Gongnongbing Rd pedestrian bridge RD3 11 Wuluo Rd-Changchunguan pedestrian bridge RD3 15 Xudongpingjia underpass
Table 2.2-4 Details of Road Infrastructure Components Constructing in 2004 RDI la3 Main trunk road engineering (Changging Rd-Gusaoshu) RD I.1 b Xindun viaduct RDI Id Gusaoshu viaduct (Xinhuaxia Rd) RDI.3c Lizhi viaduct RD2 4 Zhalankou viaduct RDI II Jianshe Ave (Erqi Rd-Houhu Rd) RD I 13 Nanniwan elevated bridge (Changfeng Ave over passing railway) RDI 14 Houhu Rd (Huangpu Rd-JiefangAvc) RDI I Zhongshan Ave (Lugouqiao Rd-Huangpu Rd) RDI 31 Taibei Rd I (Taibei Rd-Sanyang Rd) RDI 32 Hanxi Rd (Jiefang Ave-Yanhe Ave) RDI 33 Lugouqiao Rd (JiefangAve-YanjiangAve) RD3 2 Jinghan Avenue-Wusheng Rd pedestrian bridge RD3 3 Xinhualu Stadium pedestrian bridge RD3 12 Zhongbei Rd-Shuiguohu underpass
21 Table 2.2-5 Details of Road Infrastructure Components Constructing in 2005 RDI la4 Main trunk road engineering (Gusaoshu-Sanjintan) RDI Ic Changqing viaduct RDI le Sanjintan viaduct RDI.3a Main trunk road engineering RDI 3b Qingling viaduct RDI 3d Yezhi viaduct RDI 6 Old Hansha Highway (Biandanshan-middle ring line) RD2 5 Guocikou viaduct RD 1.9 Dazhi Rd (JiefangAvc-Jinghan Ave) RDI 10 Jianshe Ave (Huangpu Rd-Erqi Rd) RDI 19 South Luoshi Rd (Haogou-middle ring line) RD 1.20 North Zhongshan Rd (Fourth Wuqing Trunk Road-Shahu Ave) RD1 .21 North Zhongshan Rd (Shahu Ave-East Lake) RD 1.22 Qinyuan Rd (Heping Ave-Zhongbei Rd) RDI 23 Jinshui Rd (Zhongshan Rd-South Shouyi Rd) RD3 4 Zhongshan Avenue-Duofu Rd. pedestrian bridge RD3 5 Jianshe Avenue-Qingnian Rd pedestrian bridge RD3.9 Qingnian Rd-Shuili Rd pedestrian bridge RD3 10 Zhongbei Rd-Qinyuan Rd pedestrian bridge RD3.13 Yuejiazui underpass RD3 18 Meiguiyuan Rd pedestrian bridge
Table 2.2-6 Details of Road Infrastructure Components Constructing in 2006 RDI.4b Qinghua Rd (Donghu Port-Highway 21) RD 1.16 Hanxi Rd 2 (Changfcng Ave-Jianshe Ave) RD 1 17 Yanhe Ave (Jianghan Bridge 2-Main Gutian Rd) RD I 18 Industrial Ave (Third Wuqing Trunk Road-Qinghua Rd) RDI 25 Shipailing Rd (Xiongchu Street-Jisan Rd) RDI.26 Jisan Rd (Wuxian Highway-Xunsihe Rd) RD3 16 Wenhuagong underpass RD3 17 Wenhuagong (approach of Yangtze River Bridge) underpass
Table 2.2-7 Details of Road Infrastructure Components Constructing in 2007 RDI 2 Northern section of middle ring Ine (Sanjintan-Flanshi Highway) RD2 3 Qiaokou Rd viaduct RDI 29 Sixin Rd (Shisheng Rd-Yingwu Ave) RD3 8 Jialefu underpass RD3 14 Fujiapo underpass
It should be indicated that the above poject components will be constructed over a period of 5 years from 2003 to 2007. Because of the rapid changes in Wuhan, not only in urban and economic development but also in demands of its citizens for transportation services as well as understanding of traffic planning by relevant government agencies and city planners, it is likely that some of the components listed in the above tables may change in the later years
22 (e.g., 2004-207) of the project. If this occurs, further environmental assessment for the changes will be conducted and appropriate mitigation measures for the new components developed and included in the EMP.
2.2.2 Traffic Management and Road Safety The objective of this traffic control and safety engineering is to rationally use the existing road facilities. The primary considerations and design principles for this component is to put people as the basis and priority of the transportation system, to smoothly organize the same-directional and cross transport among pedestrians, non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles. The details are described as follows.
Improvement of pedestrian system:
AX 18 new pedestrian bridges and underpasses will be built. AX New signal lamps will be installed in 53 points of crosswalk; and AX Street crossing measures for pedestrians are considered in the proposed chanalized/optimising intersections and proposed transport area control system, it will provide safe and ordered guarantee for cross transport between pedestrian transport and road transport. Pedestrians separating installation will be installed on the main roads in the downtown area to connect sidewalks into pedestrian walking network system, and 5 sidewalks with severely damaged surface will be rebuilt to the same-directional transport disturbance between pedestrians, motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles.
Improvement of bicycle transport system:
X Bicycle will be highly encouraged inside the three towns of Wuchang, Hanyang and Hankou, according to the city's transportation master plan. At Physical separated lanes will be created to support bicycle traffic. X Street crossings will have provisions to allow safe and easy bicycles crossing (together with thep pedestrians), to be built in the proposed canalized intersections. 3A Three roads will be designated as special roads for bicycles and 8 roads for motor vehicles, in the Traffic Management and Road Safety component of the project.
Public transit priority:
AX Nine road sections with a total length of 35 km will be configured for public transit; and X The traffic control policy of mass transit priority is worked out. XC Crossing transport chanalization: AX 46 intersections will be chanalized with engineering measures, X 34 intersections will be chanalized with management measures in traffic management component, and AR 182 intersections will chanalized simply with management measures in the traffic management component.
23 Transport area control (ATC) system for roads in city proper: three transport area control systems will be constructed. They are Wuchang and Qingshan transport area control system, Donghu New and Advanced Techniques Development Zone transport area control system and Hanyang transport area control system. The specifics of the areas are:
A The Wuchang and Qingshan transport area control system controls 138 intersections with a control area of 125 km2. AC The Donghu New and Advanced Techniques Development Zone transport area control system controls 40 intersections with a control area of 12 km2 . A The Hanyang transport area control system controls 49 intersections with a control area 2 of 20 km . 9 At the same time, 18 new single control intersections will be built in theses three control areas. X Within the scope of the Second Ring Line, 56 monitoring crossings with close circuit television (CCTV) system will be added, 40 dynamic traffic indicating plates and 8 static traffic indicating plates will be installed respectively.
Road transport safety:
AX Road safety installation will be improved; new GPS satellite position system will be installed; 3C Equipment for accident surveying, obstacles removal and help will be improved; and X Traffic control comprehensive information system will be set up. Public education programs for the road users:
X Traffic safety education bases will be set up in 9 primary schools; and P. Traffic safety knowledge shall be propagated through some media such as billboards, newspaper, television, broadcasting and books to raise traffic safety consciousness of the road users. 2.2.3 Public Transport
Public transit improvement engineering will include the following specific components
AR Modernized dispatch and information management system for public transit, and reconstruction of 11 integrated bus terminals which are terminals of several routes of city buses integrated with train or long distance bus terminals, AX Construction of auxiliary facilities for 12 regulatur bus terminals which are starting/finishing bus stations of one or several routes of city buses, X Reconstruction of 14 bus stops, and X Technical assistance and training.
It is proposed to reform the management system and operation system of mass transit, adjusting and optimizing mass transit line network and improving equipment. The scales of
24 the mass transit terminals and head-end stops are shown in Table 2.2-8, the distribution of public transport terminals is shown in Fig.2.2-2. Table 2.2-8 Distribution of Public Transit Terminals and Head and End Bus Depots
Lanid Quantities of Quiantities No. Name of station opeuaionaoccut~ied lines operationalbuses stoppingo s es at Constructionyear Remarks (m) nig~~~~~~~~~ht PT2 I Wujiashan 10,000 9 230 55 2003 Newly butilt PT2 2 Yong'antang 5,000 2 115 28 2004 Newly built PT2 3 Guanshan Road I 10,000 6 230 55 2003 Newly buwilt PT2 4 Qingling 5,000 3 115 28 2005 Newly built PT2 5 Zhonghua Road 5,000 6 115 28 2003 Newly built PT2 6 Taipingyang 4,000 4 92 22 2004 Newly built PT2 7 North Liji Road 3,200 5 73 18 2005 Newly built PT2 8 Sanyang Road 4,500 6 103 25 2003 Newly built PT2 9 Yongging Street 10,000 8 230 55 2003 Newly built PT2 10 Gugintai 10,000 18 230 55 2003 Newly built PT2 11 Yuejiazui 10,000 7 230 55 2004 Newly built PT3 1 Qilixincun 5,000 3 115 28 2004 Ne%ly built PT3.2 Baibuting 4,000 6 92 22 2003 Newly built PT3.3 Erqiaoxiqu 4,000 3 92 22 2004 Newly built PT3 4 Nanhuhuayuan 8,000 7 184 44 2003 Newly built PT3 5 Chenjiadun 10,000 . 7 230 55 2005 Newly built PT3.6 Jiang'anxizhan 5,000 4 115 28 2005 Newly built PT3.7 Gusaoshu 3,600 5 83 20 2005 Newly built PT3.8 Houhu 5,000 6 115 28 2004 Newly built PT3.9 Xiangyangcun 9,730 5 223 54 2003 Newly built PT3.10 Xudonglu 4,748 3 108 26 2003 Newly built PT3 11 Guanshan 7,312 3 167 40 2003 Newly built PT3.12 Tiejicun 8,858 8 202 49 2003 Newly built
2.2.4 Road Maintenance
Status of Existing Roads in Wuhan City The "Wuhan Urban Infrastructures Investigation Report 2000" was prepared by Wuhan Municipal Management Bureau in June 2000 about the technical status of transport infrastructures of Wuhan city. Some of the key findings in this report are presented in Table 2.2-9.
25 Table 2.2-9 Status of the Existing Roads in Wuhan City
Classification of index Trunk road Secondary Value stipulated in CJJ36-90 "Technical Specifications trunk road for Urban Road Maintenance" Ratio of road comprehensive 65 7 65.1 2-3 integrity (%/) Damage ratio of roadway 23.0 22 0 2-3 (%) Damage ratio of bicycle 21 8 21 3 2-3 lane (% Damage ratio of footway 22.1 8 3 2-3
Damage ratio of drainage 28 0 31 6 2-3 facilities %00 Surface structure 28 per cent bituminous pavement, 72 per cent cement-concrete pavemcnt Description of pavement Multiple cracks on the bituminous pavement; depressions and settlement as structural damage darnage status Cement-concrete pavement dislocation, resulting in expansion and hunching up, losing of jointing material, and rupture of angle or edge Incomplete drainage Overload use and lack of maintenance For cement-concrete pavement, it is classified into two Cause analysis of pavement categories for road built bcfore 1950, the design load is lower and the design year exceeds its damage design use year, for pavement built after 1980, daily maintenance can not be guaranteed
Table 2.2-9 shows that the existing road of Wuhan city have been damaged seriously and are in poor conditions. In order to make fully utilize the transport of the roads, it is necessary to upgrade the existing roads and maintain them in good conditions.
Road Maintenance According to the actual status of road damages in Wuhan city and Wuhan Urban Transport Development Strategy, this road maintenance component using a World Bank loan will include nine roads that need heavy maintenance. It will also includes reforming municipal maintenance organization; upgrading municipal maintenance facilities; improving the utilization efficiency of the existing equipment; and establishing maintenance and management system for roads, bridges and drainage. All these measures will make road maintenance more scientific. The road maintenance engineering includes 9 sub-components. Table 2.2-10 and Fig.2.2-1 shows main road maintenance engineering projects.
26 Figure 2.2-1 Roads and Interchangs and Roads Maintainance of WuHan>r ransport Po
vt =~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~hn
1=9.Legend S-'t 04 t0j-v fh Road to be co t-ce e~i~~a
I -: Underpass inedYangi Qi~iby pedesraIin
,Panningdad
- Road-'tobeA
Table 2.2-10 Schedule of Road Maintenance Component
Description Length of width of road (m) No. of project Road section (en)ado before after Construction year ______poproject ject Road drainage rebuilding RMI I from Gutian Rd 4 to 5.900 60 60 2005 Xianggang Rd Jiefang Road drainage rebuilding RMI 2 Avenue from Xianggang Rd to 5.700 60 60 2003 Huangpu Rd Road pavement rebuilding RM 1.3 from Huangpu Rd to Chama 3,500 60 60 2007
Rd ______~R RM I 4 Wusheng Rd Jiefang Ave-Jinghan Ave 1,920 50 50 2005
RM1.5 Bridge I Whole line 322.37 26 26 2005
RMI.6 South Jiefang Whole line 1.140 15 15 2005 Rd RM I.7 Highway Yejin Ave-Qinghua Rd 13,140 16 16 2003
RMI 8 Hanyang Zhongjiacun-old Hansha 5,540 50 50 2004 Avenue Highway RM19.ein v Qinyuan Rd-Yangtze River RM 19 Hepmng Ave Bridge 2 1,329 50 50 2004
RMI 10 Mai Gutian Gutian Rd l-Gutian Rd 3 1,735 7-16 30 2004
RM1.11 Zhongshan Yiyuan Rd-Lugouqiao Rd 2,422 20 20 2005 Avenue Total _ _I Total length of 41,508.37 m
2.2.5 Environmental Management This component will include with motor vehicle emission control program and establishment of automatic motor vehicle emission and traffic noise monitoring system in the city. The detailed projects and investments for environmental protection component are shown in Table 2.2-11. Table 2.2-11 Schedule of Environmental Protection Component Item Investment (x1O,000 Yuan) Automatic motor vehicle emission monitoring system 1449 Automatic traffic noise indicating system Total 1449
This table only shows that project environmental components which are roadside noise and ambient air quality monitoring system in this project. Environmental protection works and mitigation measures will also be part of the project implementation. The details and specifics of the impact mitigation measures and other environmental works, including the estimated costs for these measures are presented in Chapters 5 and 6, as well as Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for this project.
2.2.6 Project Implementation Plan It is planned to begin project construction from the beginning of 2003. A five-year construction has been planned according to the priority of the project components. The detailed yearly construction schedule for road infrastructure component, public transit component and road maintenance component are shown in Table 2.2-2- 2.2-8 and Table
27 2.2-1 0, respectively.
2.3 Existing and Projected Traffic Volumes
2.3.1 Increase Trend and Forecast of Motor Vehicles Fleet in Wuhan
The motor vehicles fleet sizes in Wuhan City from 1992 to 2001 are shown in Table 2.3-1. According to the "Wuhan Urban Transport Development Strategy" compiled by the Wuhan Urban Comprehensive Transport Planning Design and Research Institute, the existing and design traffic volumes forecasts of road and viaduct of the Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project by Using World Bank Loan are shown in Tables 2.3-2-2.3-7 . Table 2.3-1 Statistic Table of Reserved Quantities of Motor Vehicle in Wuhan
Year 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 Total 447505 354609 305837 284305 246598 193294 179904 157169 137793 122734 quantities -___ Motor bus 10303 14138 14029 14899 14318 13843 8491 7851 6999 6490 Mini bus 95450 76452 66592 59972 56249 50136 46415 38879 29924 22829 Truck 28660. 26840 25798 25140 27892 23413 31382 28267 24803 26896 Buggy:' . 36049 32i11 29350 25747 24480 21040 23930 20277 18295 18879 Motorcycle 233403 171564 137714 127481 95962 55536 46486 39489 33709 28970 Motor 33544 20448 19881 19243 17545 13963 11332 9617 7727 tri-wheeler Motor two-wheer 135852 107588 78216 70047 52644 36734 29943 25118 21781 two-wheeler Trail bike 43528 43582 39617 38191 25773 4839 5211 4754 4201 Electric car 451 454 423 423 383 309 333 283 275 Tractor 19593 16593 16593 16593 16593 16593 16593 16593 16593 16280 Farm 19122 9892 8962 7788 7303 6808 2489 2480 3422 vehicle
Specialized 1346 1388 1426 1590 1607 1449 1340 1246 1211 carIII Special car 3781 3514 3356 1140 3267 1603 1577 1856 Other cars 24953 1438 1474 1480 688 742 733 133 671 1179 Bus on ordinary 876 943 1041 2852 1590 1100 387 1274 1704 line Bus on 4312 4294 4190 3055 2284 1300 846 802 500 special line Electric car 203 203 220 233 251 309 333 283 275 (operating) Taxi 12268 12250 12028 11497 11497 12060 10600 9761 6100 Downtown 388229 307638 260542 229101 214689 153821 152692 134836 107020 97472 area
Faraway 59276 46971 45295 55204 31909 39473 27212 22333 30773 25262 city proper
28 Table 2.3-2 Existing and Projected Traffic Volumes on Roads
Existing Design traffic flow (pcu/d) DESCRIPTION OF ENGINEERING traffic flow 2007 (with 2007 (without (pcu/d) this project) this project) 2012 + 2020 + Northern section of middle ring line 0 83500 108348 105938 (Etouwan-Sanjintan) (new road) Northern section of middle ring line 0 (Sanjintan-Hanshi Highway) (new road) Southern section of middle ring line 0 RDl. 3 0 19787 25064 28891 (Wu-Xian Highway-Southern Luoshi Rd) (new road) RD2. I Ramps connecting Zhongshan Avenue with 0 0 19787 25064 28891 Yangtze River Highway Bridge (new road)
RDI. 4 Qinghua Road (Donghu Port-Highway 21) 00 34600 45500 57000 ______~~~~~~~~~~(newroad) RDI. 5 Huangpu Road (Fazhan Avenue-middle ring 0 0 46300 59000 116400 line) (new road)
RD1. 6 Old Han-Sha Highway 23800 10600 17000 14400 .______(Biandanshan-middle ring)
RD1. 8 Xianggang Road (Jianshe 26000 38700 37100 35400 20300 Avenue-Xinhuaxia Road)
RDI. 9 Dazhi Road (JiefangAvenue-Jinghan 13000 14400 16313 20424 28679 ______~Avenue) RDI. 10 Jianshe Avenue (Huangpu Road-Kejiguan) 0 63700 40300 50000 50700 RD1. 11 Jianshe Avenue (Kejiguan-Houhu Rd) (new road) 0 16900 26800 33500
RD1. 12 Youyi Road (Zhongshan Avenue-Jiefang 27000 53900 40600 41700 34800 Avenue) ______RD1. 13 Nanmiwan Viaduct (Changfeng Avenue over 0 44700 36800 23591 31000 passing railway) (new road) RDI.d14 Houhu Road (Huangpu Road-Jiefang 0 0 18000 18900 10200 Avenue) (new road) RDl. 15 Zhongshan Avenue (LugoLiqiao 20800 27500 26700 24800 Road-Huangpu Road) RDl 16 Hanxi Road 2 (ChangfengAvenue-Jianshe 0 38700 32600 27800 29600 Avenue) (new road) RD1l 17 Yanhe Avenue (Hanjiang Bridge 2-Gutian 37700 32200 30700 26100 RD1.17 Trunk Road) RDI 18 Industrial Avenue (Wu-Qing Third Trunk 0 0 12200 13000 13700 Road-Qinghua Road) (new road) RDI.l19 Southern Luoshi Road (Flaogou-middle 0 0 15900 24000 26200 ring) (new road) RDI. 20 Northern Zhongshan Road (Wu-Qing 0 40700 40000 47200 Fourth Trunk Road-Shahu Avenue) 0 Northern Zhongshan Road (Shahu (new road) 10000 15300 21600 41100 Avenue-East Lake)
29 (continued)
Existing Design traffic flow (pcu/d)
DESCRIPTION OF ENGINEERING traffic flow 2007 (with 2007(without 2012 * 2020w (pcu/d) this project) this project)
Qinyuan Road (Heping Avenue-Zhongbei 0 . RDI. 22 0 17500 18000 19300 Road) (new road)
Jinshui Road (Zhongshan Road-Southern 0 RD1. 23 0 22000 22100 14600 Shouyi Road) (new road)
Shipailing Road (Xiongchu Avenue-Jisan 0 RD1. 25 Road) (new road) 0 2600 5500 9400
Jisan Road (WU-Xian Highway-Xunsihe RD1. 26 0 8700 9700 17700 Road) 0
Jisan Road (Xunsihe Road-Shipailing (new road) RD1. 27 0 8300 10900 11000 Road)
Meizi Road (Qintai Road-Northern 0 RD1. 28 0 34400 44500 54300 Moshuihu Road) (new road)
Sixin Avenue (Shisheng Road-Yingwu 0 RD1. 29 Avenue) (new road) 4800 7000 7900 9100
RD1. 30 Maying Road (Middle Jiangdi 0 0 7100 9600 21000 Road-Yingwu Avenue) (new road)
0 RDI. 31 Taibei Rd I (Yunlin Street-Sanyang Rd) 6600 4700 9200 12200 (new road)
Hanxi Rd (Jiefang Avenue-Yanhe 0 RD1. 32 0 19800 20600 28400 Avenue) (new road)
RDI. 33 Lugouqiao Rd (JiefangAvenue-Yanjiang 12100 10100 12100 32300 Avenue)
RM 1. 1 Jiefang Avenue 107999 95270 114183 116514
RMI. 4 Wusheng Rd 124900 81200 86200 87300
RMI. 5 Jianghan Bridge I 187900 128100 130900 136000
RMI. 6 Southem Jiefang Rd 10800 12800 24400 32100
RMI. 7 Wangqing Highway 26800 32000 17700 6700
RMI. 8 Hanyang Avenue 51300 45600 47300 41600
RMI. 9 Heping Avenue 45100 32000 33000 32300
RMI. 10 Gutian Main Rd 33800 21100 20200 19400
RM1. 11 Zhongshan Avenue 43000 38100 39200 40800
30 Table 2.3-3 Existing Traffic Volumes at Crossing with Viaduct (Current Situation in 2002 East South NVest North Flow volume (pcu/rush hour) Total entrance entrance entrance entrance
RDl. lb Gutain Rd 2-middle ring line entrance 0 exit 0 RDI. lc Changqmng Rd- middle ring hiile entrac 0 . . ~entrance 0 RDl. Id Xinhuaxia Rd-middle ring line entrance 0 exit 0
RDI. le Sanjintan- middle ring line entrance 0 exit 0 Wuxian Hlghway-middle ring entrance 0 line exit 0 RDl. 3c Middle ring line-Lizhi Flighway entrance 0 exit O RDI. 3d Middle ring line-South Luoshi entrance 0 RD1.3d Rd exit 0
RD2. 3 Qiaokou Rd entrance 2107 3438 2221 1808 9574 exit 3196 2251 1472 2655 9574 RD2. 4 Zhalankou entrance 1926 1910 1859 5695 exit 2369 1859 1467 5695 RD2. 5 Guocikou entrance 0 ______~~~~~~ 0~~exit RD2. 6 Xunlimen entrance 2398 1594 2116 1220 7328 exit 2671 728 2615 1314 7328 RD2. 7 Xianggang Rd entrance 1912 2749 1676 6337 _ exit 1824 1413 1831 1269 6337
Table 2.3-4 Design Traffic Volumes at Crossing with Viaduct (2007, without World Bank Pro. ct) Xinhuaxia Rd-middle ring line Entrance 276 25788 5332 19439 50835 Exit 144 24224 6734 19735 50837 RDI. le Sanjintan- mniddle ring line Entrance 5894 17628 1863 10646 36031 Exit 6082 17546 1875 10528 36031 RDI1 3b Wuxian Highway-middle ring Entrance 14778 9006 18522 17273 59579 RD1.3b line Exit 13019 9003 20634 16924 59580 RDI. . Middle riniEntrance 14755 3425 13019 4799 35998 Exit 13401 3425 14778 4395 35999 Entrance 8901 1000 13401 5241 28543 RDI. 3d Middle ring line-South Luoshi Rd E0 Exit 7636 1000 14755 5151 28542 RD2. 3 Qiaokou Rd Entrance 53731 17579 39067 15105 125482 .______Exit 54068 15616 40834 14964 125482 Entrance 34539 25396 41471 101406 RD2. 4 Zhalankoo Exit 29458 24625 47323 101406 RD2. 5 Guocikou Entrance Exit RD2 6 Xunlimen Entrance 50100 18344 41304 12279 122027 RD2. 6 Xunlimen Exit 39522 31781 40039 10683 122025 Entrance 43294 468 46829 18645 109236 RD2. 7 Xianggang Rd Exit 30952 13906 45305 19073 109236
31 Table 2.3-5 Design Traffic Volumes at Crossing with Viaduct (2007, with World Bank Pro ect) Flow volume (pcu/d) East South West North Total entrance entrance entrance entrance RDI. lb Gutain Rd 2-middle ring line entrance 40993 20754 42257 5111 109115 exit 42516 21563 41315 3722 109116 RD1. IC Changqing Rd- middle ring line entrance 39742 30328 42516 15862 128448 exit 39051 32104 40993 16298 128446 Xinhuaxia Rd-middle ring line entrance 40436 23770 39051 39508 142765 RDI. ld_exit 40939 22337 39742 39746 142764 entrance 20339 29236 40741 7186 97502 RDI. le Sanjintan- middle ring line exit 20114 30022 40240 7126 97502 RDI. 3b WLuxian llighway-middle ring line entrance 10071 9012 21289 21266 61638 exit 9716 9009 22650 20262 61637 RDI. ientrance. Miderngln 6954 4155 9716 4572 25397 RDl. 3c Middle ring line-Lizhi High~vay exit 6597 4147 10071 4606 25421 . . ~~~~entrance 6103 479 6597 8022 21201 3d RDI. .______Middle ring line-South Luoshi Rd exit 5831 487 6954 7929 21201 RD2. 3 Qiaokou Rd entrance 48255 26298 29941 15549 120043 exit 47015 29108 29424 14497 120044 RD2. 4 Zhalankou entrance 20801 31412 23453 75666 exit 23693 25568 26405 75666 RD2. 5 Guocikou entrance 4421 40978 5776 48761 99936 exit 3850 39823 5815 50447 99935 RD2. 6 Xunlimen entrance 35667 23876 29722 17804 107069 . ______exit 34717 26871 27434 18045 107067 RD2. 7 Xianggang Rd entrance 32209 518 38884 22318 93929 RD2______. ___7______Rd __ exit 25888 15145 34025 18872 93930
Table 2.3-6 Design Traffic Volumes at Crossing with Viaduct (2012)
Flow volume (pcu/d) East South West North Total entrance entrance entrance entrance RDI. lbutand2midlerigln entrance 45495 19382 44369 5727 114973 ROl. lb1GUtain Rd 2-middle ringline exit 43066 18842 46647 6419 114974 RDI. lc Chagqngdmidlerentrance 52084 23646 53024 16602 145356 RDl.lc Changqmg Rd- middle ing lne exit 50801 28390 55324 10840 145355 RDI. Id XinhuaxaRdmiddlcrinentrance 56011 20289 50801 47166 174267 RDl.lid Xinhuaxia Rd-middle ring line exit 63827 23349 52084 35007 174267 RDI. le Sanjintan- middle ring line entrance 42459 18363 47079 5332 113233 exit 37994 19579 50891 4769 113233 entrance 13819 11580 29728 29190 84317 RDl. 3b Wuxian Highway-middle ring line exit 11467 11746 31976 29128 84317 Middle ring line.Lzhi Flghw entrance 11018 6113 11245 16088 44464 RD1. 3c exit 9223 4925 13819 16497 44464 RDI. 3d Middle ring line-South Luoshi Rd entrance 8279 489 9223 8608 26599
______vexit 5711 631 11018 9239 26599 entrance 59190 31110 29468 19283 139051 RD2. 3 Qiaokou Rd exit 54993 34314 31311 18432 139050 RD2. 4 Zhalankou entrance 20679 33099 23324 77102 RD2.4 exit 22442 27251 27410 77103 RD2. 5 Guocikou entrance 8219 36761 8152 49122 102254 exit 5622 38149 6795 51688 102254 entrance 41367 22820 32995 19263 116445 RD2.6 Xunhimen exit 38519 30008 29878 18041 116446 RD2. 7 Xianggang Rd entrance 30657 1656 38428 30344 101085 RD2______7 ______Rd ___ exit 27275 16789 34884 22138 101086
32 Table 2.3-7 Design Traffic Volumes at Crossing with Viaduct (2020)
Flow volume (pcu/d) EsEast SotSouth WetWest NrhNorth Total entrance entrance entrance entrance Gutain2middleringlin . entrance 51267 17073 42286 11948 122574 lbk Gutain Rd 2-middle ning line RDI\.RDn1 lU exit 54671 19646 34819 13437 122573 Changqingc Rd- middle ring line entrance 46223 17815 54671 7218 125927 RDI. lc Changqlng Rd- iddle nng line exit 44955 20587 51267 9119 125928 dXinhuaxia Rd-middle ring line entrance 46657 15909 44955 19995 127516 RDI. ld Xlnhuaxia Rd-middle nng line exit 43549 16361 46223 21384 127517 RD 1. l e Sanjintan- middle ring line entrance 35333 7343 31393 9375 83444 RDI. le ~~~~~~~exit33114 11639 33162 5527 83442 Wuxian Highway-middle ring entrance 16790 16566 23563 9539 66458 RD1. 3b line exit 12101 17000 26703 10652 66456 entrance 14930 5489 12101 5910 38430 RDL. 3c Middle ring line-Lizhi Highway exit 10516 5336 16790 5789 38431 Middle ring line-South Luoshi entrance 14902 2700 10516 3759 31877 RD1. 3d Rd exit 9853 2330 14930 4765 31878 entrance 57194 26953 32191 25979 142317 RD2.nRD2 3 Qiaokou Rd exit 59330 24740 31486 26760 142316 RD2.Zhalankou4 entrance 27694 42602 37579 107875 RD2. 4 exit 27189 42385 38301 107875 RD2.Guocikou5 entrance 3973 36512 5643 41105 87233 RD2. 5 Guocikou exit 3949 35067 5591 42627 87234 RD2.Xunlimen6 entrance 37292 16792 31730 10721 96535 RD2. 6 Xunlimen exit 34644 16760 33836 11295 96535 R2.Xianggang7 Rd entrance 30792 16489 27769 1 1816 86866 RD2. 7 ______exit 30565 15045 29503 11753 86866
2.4 Construction Methods and Raw Materials
Baffles or barriers will be adopted to isolate and surround the construction sites physical works such as road infrastructure facilities, road maintenance and mass transit station, etc.
In order to minimize disturbance of construction to transport, road upgrading will be conducted segments at a time. For key roads the upgrading will be constructed half of the road at a time so that the road will still open for traffic, even though it will be open at a reduced capacity. Road semi-closed construction mode will be adopted for construction of the foundation, pier and abutment of viaduct. The full road closure will have to be adopted for the construction of superstructure, however. Main raw materials of construction this project needs are gravel, cement, cement-concrete, lime, bituminous mixer, steel and flash, etc. All of these materials can be found within the local markets in Wuhan City. Bituminous mixer and commercial concrete will be supplied by the qualified professional company.
2.5 Identification and Screening of Environmental Impacts of the Project
Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project consists of five sub components. The environmental impact extent and scope of each component are different from that of the other components, so the key points of environmental impact assessment may also be different. In
33 order to minimize the negative environmental impacts and strengthen the positive influence from this project, environmental impact assessment will be conducted in quantitative a manner. At the same time, quantitative assessment or qualitative assessment will be conducted for evaluating positive environmental impacts to demonstrate the environmental benefits to the city by this project. The environmental impact identification and screening results of each items of each component are shown in Table 2.5-1. The comprehensive identification and screening results of environmental impact from this project are shown in Table 2.5-2.
34 Table 2.5-1 Identification and Screening of Environmental Impacts from Components of Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project
Sub-item Identification and screening of environmental impact p ro je c t ______Road main It is basically located in the jointing area between city and country, it belongs to framework agricultural ecological environment or half-agricultuiral and half-industrial mixed environment Environmental sensitive receptors include natural habitats and ecosystem such as the East Lake and engineering quantity is large. so the scope and extent of Road joint environmental impact is wider and decper During the period of construction, it will cause interchange stronger impact on vegetation, water environment, ambient air (construction dust) and acoustic environment During the period of operation, it raises higher requirements for Road planning of two sides of road. infrastruicture Urban trunk It mainly is located in the established area of the city with more environmental sensitive facilities road receptors and ordinary engineering quantity, medium scope and extent of environmental impact. During the periods of construction and operation, it will cause stronger impact on Branch net ambient air and acoustic environment. At the same time, it causes a certain impact on perfecting community, transport, landscape and vegetation Environmental impact is mainly at the construction stage, which is in the aspects of Pedestrian construction dust, construction noise, spoil Engineering quantity is small, and impact viaduct scope and extent is limited During the period of operation, it has bigger function for _improving pedestrian transport. For some projects, such as improvement of pedestrian transport system, improvement of bicycle transport system, optimization of mass transit, canalization of crossing traffic, road traffic area control system (ATC) Traffic in city proper, road transport safety, propaganda and education of road users, the civil construction management engineering quantities of these projects are small and they cause small disturbance to environment. and road Environmental impact during the process of construction mainly is disturbance to transport During the safety process of operation, it has great function for ordered and scientific urban transport and for realizing rational configuration of road resources, at the same time; it is of great advantage for improving of urban environmental quality. Setting up modernized mass Civil construction engineering quantity is small, but after it is transit dispatching and implemented, it will take active function for organizing mass transit line information management scientifically and providing better service for passengers; it can system, technical aid project, minimize congestion of mass transit vehicles, maintaining smooth mass transit system reform, running of mass transit vehicles, which is of great advantage for mass transit line adjusting improving environmental quality of Wuhan city. Construction and Public rebuilding of mass Some are located in the jointing area between city and village, some are located in trasnport transit hubs the establisied area of city with fewer environmental sensitive receptor, ordinary copmonent Auxiliary facilities engineering quantity; during the processes of construction and operation, it mainly (bus construction for cause impact on ambient air, acoustic environment, water environment, landscape terminals) head-end station of and solid wastes mass transit They are mainly set up along street, the lines that new stop and rebuilt stop use the Rebuilding of same stop are no more than 12, the frequency bus passing every hour at each stop is Rebuilding of no more than 80, It improves the congestion problem with many stopping lines and mass transit stopping frequencies at the existing stop effectively. There are many commercial shops around the stops, so environmental sensitive receptor is fewer, and it has small impact on environment Environmental impact is mainly at the construction stage, it mainly causes impact on Road maintenance ambient air (construction dust), acoustic environment (construction noise) and engineering vibiation environment At the operation stage, the improvement of pavement quality Road has improvin function for acoustic environment and vibration environment maintenance Reforming municipal engineering maintenance organization, Without civil construction engineering quantity, it does not cause upgrading municipal maintenance impact on enviromnent equipment, raising scientific road maintenance Automatic motor Sub-item of environmental protection includes automatic motor vehicle tail gas Environmental vehicle tail gas monitoring system and automatic traffic noise indicating system Its implementation protection monitoring system, is of great advantage for improving environmental quality of Wuhan city, and it is engmeering automatic traffic obvious, so this assessment will not conduct further discussion for these positive noise indicating benefits system I
According to the contents of this project, the project works can be classified into two categories, physical construction works and non physical construction works. Physical
35 construction works includes all the road infrastructure facilities, public transit including bus terminals and stops, canalization of intersections, traffic control and safety engineering. Non physical works includes management systems for public transit improvement and road maintenance, some contents of traffic management and safety system, and environmental protection. According to the identification and screening results in Table 2.5-1, physical construction works will cause negative, as well as positive, impacts to the environment, while non physical works will cause obvious positive benefits. In the physical works, the negative environmental impact from road infrastructure engineering, road maintenance engineering, public transit including terminals will have most of the adverse environrnental impacts. However, bus stops, and intersection canalization in traffic control and safety engineering will also have some minor adverse impacts. Because of the nature for each component with regard to their relationships to environmental impacts, this EA will focus most of its effort on road infrastructure, road maintenance and bus terminal components as these are physical works which would have adverse impacts to the natural and socio-economic environments. For bus stops and intersections canalization in traffic control and safety components as well as non physical works components, this EA will discuss only in relevant chapters where necessary but will not take them as a focus. The project could also bring positive impacts to the environment, including community development and air quality improvement from the city-wide perspective. The EA will also include assessment of positive impacts from the project implementation. In order to clearly show identification and screening of environmental impacts for each project components, a analysis and identification is made as shown in Table 2.5-2 based on the assessment results of the similar projects and the work experiences of EA team. Table 2.5-2 shows that road infrastructure engineering; road maintenance engineering and public transit improvement engineering will have great impacts on the environment. These areas will be the key points of this EA. Traffic control and safety engineering and environmental protection engineering will have very limited adverse impacts to the environment at the construction stage. To the contrast, these components will generate mostly positive influence at the operation stage. Therefore, the focus of the impacts assessment for these components will be mostly on the positive side.
2.6 Analysis of Main Environmental Impact Characteristics
This project will cause impact on natural, biological and social-ecological environments during the construction and operation stages. Table 2.6-1 lists main environmental impacts caused by this project according to affected environmental classification, pollution sources and pollution characteristics.
36 Table 2.5-2 Identification and Screening of Environmental Impacts of the Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project
Identification of Environmental Impact
Acoustic Vibration Water Sub-item Project Ambien Solid Communit Cultural environmen environmen environmen traffic Sunshine vegetation Landscape Aquatics economy society t air wastes y relics t t t
Road infrastructure ------0 --- 0
engineering /++/+a -- -/+a _ -/+ +++ - -/+ -/+ -/+ 0 +++./++
Traffic control and - - 0 0 0 0
safety engineering +.H -/+ -/+ 0 0 -/+ 0 + -/+ 0 0 +++
Mass transit ------~~~~~~~~~0 - -0-- ~~~ ~ ~~~0 improvement + +++ O + _/ /+ O + _+ engineering
Road maintenance ------O---0()
engineering /+++ -/+ -/+ -/+ /+++ 0 ++ -/+ -/+ 0 +++ /++
Environmental protection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
engineering +++ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notes (I)ln each cell. the upper symbol expresses the identification and screening result of environmental at construction stage, the lower symbol expresses the identification and screening result of environmental at operation stage (2)+++II stronger positive environmental impact, ++ ordinary positive environmental impact; +: weak positive environmental impact, --- stronger negative environmental impact, -- ordinary negative environmental impact, - weak negative environmental impact, 0 without impact. a -/+ means that there might be both positive and negative impacts, in different project roads.
37 Table 2.6-1 Main Characteristics of Environmental Impact from Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project Kinds of Environmental impact Positions of environmental Characteristics of environmental environment sources impact sources impact Road motor vehicle New roads, extended road, rebuilt Average equivalent sound level of road Acoustic produces traffic noise and road, and maintenance of road, traffic up to 70-75dBA; vertical Z environment vibration viaducts, and mass transit stops vibration level up to 70-8OdB and vibration Construction machinery and Strength of sound source up to 70-lOOdBA, environment transportation vehicles Working sites and accesses to the equivalent sound level at site boundary up produce traffic noise and sites to 55-75dBA Max vertical Z vibration vibration level from construction up to 90-95dB. Cleaning, maintenance and . repair of mass transit Mass transit hubs and head-end Sewage mainly contents COD, SS, vehicles and taxies stops LAS Water Rainwater sink flowing on New roads, extended road, rebuilt environment new road road, and maintenance of road, Main pollutants are SS and COD. viaducts Sewage and waste water Working sites and camps for Mainly containing SS, COD and animal from construction construction units and vegetable oils Tail gases from motor 0 New roads, extended road, rebuilt ahiles f road, and maintenance of road, It mainly is NO2, CO, PM,O and TCH Ambient air vehicles viaducts, and mass transit stops Waste gases and dust from Working sits and accesses to the They are mainly PMio, besides, construction machinery sites including NO2 , CO and TCH. Garbage and dust produced from new roads extended new roads extended road, rebuilt Skins of melon and fruit, package of road, rebuilt, road, and road, and maintenance of road, food and drink, waste residue of food maintenance of road, and and mass transit stops and other pollutants Solid wastes mass tiansit stops Building garbage, construction spoil Solid wastes and domestic Working sits and camps for and domestic refuse, skins of melon refuse from construction construction units and fruit, package of food and drink, waste residue of food Sunshine Sun light shading by Shading the light of the adjacent and viaducts, and inharmony of Viaducts and mass transit stations buildings; leading to inharmony of landscape landscape regional landscapes Road, bridge and mass transit station around water Terrestrial bodies; waste water from Road bridge d t Increasing SS content in water bodies; plants and construction and big an mass transi decreasing content of dissolved oxygen aquatics construction garbage; station around water bodies in water bodies rainwater and garbage at the initial operational stage Construction of civil Working sites of civil construction Cultural construction engineering engineering such as rodbig Potential Impacts to above and relics such as road, bridge and mass transit station underground cultural relics mass transit station Social Mainly cause impact on community, economy Entire project Entire project traffic, migrants resettlement, weak group and economic development
38 3. Analysis of Alternatives
3.1 Road Alternatives
All the proposed roads of this project are from the "Road Network Planning for Main City Proper of Wuhan". These road sections are priority roads and have been selected according to the principles of meeting the requirements of economic development and traffic increases, benefit to the city's development as well as good for environmental upgrading in the urban area. The locations of the middle ring road (MRR) and major radial roads have been determined in the city planning, and land development at both sides of the roads have been controlled in according with the urban transportation and master plans. As such, the locations and sites of road sections associated with the MRR and radial roads have basically rationalized and fixed. The project includes upgrading of several sections on the MRR. Compared with the parallel or other roads in the same transport corridors, those on MRR are better planned, with sufficient clearance (the planning red line areas) on both sides. Upgrading of those roads will fully comply with the city's Master Plan and transportation plan and significantly help improve the transport and motor vehicle operation efficiency.
The objective of construction of trunk road and branch in city proper is to improve the city's road network and solve the traffic bottlenecks what affect urban transport efficiency, standard of living and urban and economic development in Wuhan. Most of the project components are expansion, connecting the missing sections, extension and upgrading of the existing roads. Clearly, selection of road alignments in the components is very limited as locations of these roads have been determined in the previous planning. As the land development activities at both sides of the existing roads have been controlled, environmental impacts of upgrading existing roads are expected to be smaller than those from constructing new trunk roads in adjacent sites. The Sixin and Houhu areas are new large residential areas developed and constructed in Wuhan city in the recent years. This project has included new roads linking the two areas. The road alignment selection is very important because that these two areas are newly developed as the new roads will not only provide transportation links to the new areas, but also have consequences to the existing natural and socio-economic environments, as well as future developments along the new roads. Following a careful study of the areas, two road alternatives from east to west to the Sixin area, two additional road alternatives to the Houhu area have been proposed in this project (see Figure 3.1-1 and Figure 3.1-2 for details). The comparison of environmental impacts among the different alternatives is shown in Table 3.1-1 and Table 3.1-2 respectively.
39 Table 3.1-1 Comparison of Alternative New Roads to the Sixin Area
Options Sixin Avenue North Moshuihu Road Road planning Road is planned as a main urban road Road is planned as an urban through road Advantageous to solving regional transport Advantageous to solving transport problem Transport problem; as a new road, no disturbance to the of the whole city, as a new road no existing traffic disturbance to the existing traffic Environmentally 4 6 sensitive receptor 4 villages and 4 enterprises will be located In the 6 villages and 4 enterprises; it will be the Community central area of Sixin area; help the development important component of the MRR of Wuhan of the area; more convenience As a local road servicing only the new Sixin area, As part of the MRR, traffic volume is Motor vehicle emission there wvill be less traffic resulting in less air expected to be high, resulting in higher air emission to the area. emission As a local road servicing only the new Sixin area, As part of MRR, there will be more traffic Traffic noise there will be less traffic resulting in lower noise resulting in higher noise in the area. in the area Less, as there are currently small amount of More, as North Moshuihu road is a built-up Resettlement houses and other facilities along Sixin Avenue area with a higher density of housing and I______I______other facilities.
Table 3.1-1 shows that from a traffic network point of view, North Moshuihu road seems to be a better alternative, as it will help strengthen the trunk road network in the city. But Sixin road will better serve the new community what currently does not have adequate road connection with the city. In addition, there will be less sensitive receptors along the Sixin Avenue and less requirements for resettlement, the overall environmental impacts from the project are expected to be smaller compared with the North Moshuihu road. With all factors considered, particularly the fact that the primary objective of this road segment is to provide a badly needed transport service to a newly developed community, Sixin Avenue is considered a better alternative. This conclusion has been accepted by the design engineers and the project owner, the PMO. Table 3.1-2 Comparison of Alternative New Roads to Houhu Area Options Houhu Road Xinfu Avenue Impact factors______Road planning Road is planned as a main urban road. Road is planned as a main urban road Transport Advantageous to connecting the existing road Not well connected with existing network; Transpo.t into a network function cannot be fully materialized Traffic As a new road, no impacts on existing traffic As a new road, no impacts on existing traffic sensitive receptors 7 6 Community 7 villages and 3 enterprises 6 villages and 3 enterprises Motor vehicle tail gas Similar to the other alternative Similar to the other alternative Traffic noise Similar to the other alternative Similar to the other alternative Resettlement Similar to the other alternative Similar to the other alternative
Table 3.1-2 shows that Houhu Road and Xinfu Avenue are very similar in many aspects, and in particular, in potential impacts to the environment. The difference in environmental impacts between the two alternatives is so small that it can be considered similar. The final selection is therefore based on considerations about the overall city road network. As a main urban road, Houhu Road wouiild be better connected with the existing roads and better integrated into the city road network. Houhu Road is therefore selected as the preferred alternative in this transport corridor. The design engineers and the PMO have adopted this alternative, with EA
40 as well as other considerations.
3.2 Comparison of Road Engineering Designs
The most of the new road and existing road upgrading in this project is on the ground. Roads, which are determined by the urban topography and landforms of Wuhan City. Surface roads do not have many different configurations or engineering design on its cross sections, and thus project does not have any alternative engineering design for the roads. However, for interchange and elevated viaducts there could be different engineering design, configurations and this EA compares three engineering alternative for Nanniwan interchange (Changfeng Avenue over passing a railway), pedestrian pass by Hanyang Cultural Place and Donghu Viaduct on Qinghua Road. The details are shown in Table 3.2-1. Table 3.2-1 shows that the environmental impact of Nanniwan Interchange or over pass above the railway line is less than that of an underground tunnel to cross the railway; therefore this project selected over pass alternative. For the pedestrian by the Hanyang Cultural Place, clearly there will be higher environmental impacts from an under pass, particularly impacts on landscape and environmental aesthetics in the surrounding area which is located the Tortoise Hill and sensitive scenery such as Ancient Lute Pavilion and Hanyang Cultural Place. Following the considerations of all factors, the EA team recommended under pass for the pedestrian crossing what has been accepted by the PMO and the project engineering team.
On the other hand, if an elevated viaduct design is to be adopted, it would solve the concern and the lake water body would continuously connected underneath the elevated viaduct, and the reduction in water surface would be minimized (to only columns). The EA strongly recommended the elevated viaduct design and against the original design using the surface road, based on the environmental impacts of the two alternatives. Finally, the EA team's opinion was accepted by the PMO and the project design engineers, despite the elevated viaduct alternative would cost more to build than the original design, which has been rejected based on the environmental considerations. Table 3.2-1 Comparison of Engineering Design Options
Engineering Option I Option 11 Advantages of elevated bridge: Advantages of underground tunnel I minimize removal of underground pipeline, I smaller traffic noise impact, 2 not impacted by waterlogging in rainy season, 2 smaller impact on landscape Nanniwan 4savc3convenient for liaison between communities. Disadvantages of underground tunnel. Intercnange 4 save construction cost; I more construction cost, 5. advantageous for dispersing of tail gases 2. greater disturbance to underground pipelinc: Disadvantages of elevated bridge: 3 waterlogging in rainy season, I impact on landscape; 4 disadvantageous for dispersing of tail gases 2 stronger traffic noise impact Advantages of foot subway. Advantages of pedestrian bridge Pedestrain I smaller impact on landscape, 1. save construction and operation cost, psin front 2 accord with objective conditions in site, 2 without waterlogging impact in rainy season, ofssmnyang 3 smaller limitation (height) for running vehicle Disadvantages of pedestrian bridge o anyang on road, I greater impact on landscape. PlaceCulal DisadvantagesI difficult to drain of foot in rainysubway season. 32 canhas notlimitation use the topographyfor height ofcondition running in vehiclesthe site. on 2 more construction and operation cost road
41 3.3 Alternatives to Qinghua Road
Qinghua road is very special as it would go through the East Lake Scenery Site and part of the road will even go across the lake water surface. This is a highly sensitive area not only it is a national scenery site, it is also a wetland area and natural habitat for birds and water fowls. The proposed new Qinghua Road will be located above the East Lake. Although the lake at this road alignment is not on water surface and is at the core of the scenery and wetland, it is still part of the lake and in fact, a quiet area with bird and water fowl activities. It is likely when the East lake is restored and reclaimed, the area where the Qinghua road will be located will be fully flooded (currently partially reclaimed as farmland). In addition, the Wuhan East Lake Protection Regulations requires that no construction activities or projects will be allowed if they cause loss of water surface in East lake. If a surface road is to be used, as originally designed, the lake would be cut and separated, and the other side would be very difficult to be an integral part of the overall lake ecosystem. The surface road would affect the restoration and reclamation of the lake and limit the potential future expansion of the lake surface. In fact, it would result in the reduction of water surface of the lake, a direct non-compliance with the application local regulations. Two design alternatives have been proposed for Qinghua road: ground level road which will require filling and dam the lake to provide a road and its bases and elevated viaduct of about 2 m above the highest water level. The comparison of the two alternatives are provided in Table 3.3-1. Table 3.3-1 Comparison of Tlwo Design Alternatives for Qinghua Road Impact Ground level road Elevated viaduct .1028 m of cofferdam method, Cofferdam only in columns/piles with relatively Construction the Eaqt .mpactoLife on smaller area impacted. No permanent separatoion damage to the aquatic e of lake water. both sides of the road Construction Require more concrete and other Require relatively less materials materials materials Low visual impacts as it is on Visually outstanding and eye-catching; certain Visual impacts ground levels and can be better conflict with surrounding views hide behind trees Severe lake water and loss of No severance of lake. But traffic flows, noise, Wetland Noise, traffic surface runoff surface runoff from road will have the same impacts affeting fir,water qaly and impacts as with the surface road option to birds, affectingbirdsauatic qualy water quality and aquatic life aquatic llifeI
Although elevated viaduct design has less adverse impacts compared with ground level road on the balance, both designs will have significant adverse impacts particularly impacts to the local ecosystem. East Lake is both a national level scenery site and an important part of Jianghan lake area wetland. High level and effective protection is needed to the lake area. In addition, although Qinghua road complies with the both the Wuhan Master Plan (tarnsportation section) and East Lake Scenery Development Plan, it will have adverse effects
42 3. 1-1 ,fii VREStitg Attached Drawing 3.1-1 Road Alternatives in Sixin Area
Existing Road
MUIJ M Planning Road
Alternative Road
R3. 1-2 mAfti mF Attached Drawing 3.1-2 Road Alternatives in Houhu Area
Existing Road
Planning Road
Alternative Road towards meetings the goals in the Environmental Master Plan. In the Environmental Master Plan, the East Lake area is targeted for the short term (2005) to meet Class I ambient air quality and Class III surface water quality standards. Over the long term (2010 and beyong), the air quality will be continuously in compliance with Class I while surface water quality will need to meet the more stringent Class II standards. For noise, although the Environmental Master Plan indicates the goal of 70 dB(A) for trunk road such as Qinghua road, it also stipulates that for scenery sites and other sensitive areas the nosie level shall not exceed 55 dB(A). The construction and operation of Qinghua road, regardless of surface road or elevated viaduct, will not contribute to meeting these environmental targets in the master plan. A "no road" may also be a potential option, in which Qinghua road will not be built. With this option, none of the potential impacts identified above would occur and the scenery as well as the natural habitats would be well preserved. However, Qinghua road is one of the ten major "radial" roads which is part of the backbone of the Wuhan road network. The road is to serve the east side of the city, where there is a major steel mill (one of the largest in the country) and a large population. One way or the other, a trunk road is needed in the direction of the city. There may be options to use another alignment, around the scenery and the lake area. Given the steel mill located immediately north of the scenery site, identification of another alignment within the limited time for preparation of this project is not an easy task. Much more time would be required to evaluate the no road option and/or alternative alignment. Based on the current environmental assessment, given the limited time and limited available information, it is not completely clear on the exact level of impact from construction and operation of Qinghua road particularly to the local ecosyste, although the road itself legally complies with relevant plans and regulations. Furthermore, the above mitigation measures may not be effective and are likely not able to address the adverse impacts already identified. In conclusion, the available information and environmental assessment are inconclusive and further and more detailed assessment is required to determine the level of impacts of Qinghua road to finally determine whether the current alignment is environmentally acceptable. As Qinghua road is scheduled for construction in year 2006 in the current construction plan, the EA recommends further study and impact assessment for this particular road component. The further study will also allow the PMO and design team, as well as EA team more time to explore the possibility and feasiblity of a different alignment which does not traverse the scenery area and the lake itself. This additional study may be complete well ahead of the 2006 construction schedule and thus will not affect the construction plan.
3.4 Analysis of Environmental Impacts with or without the Project
In the Section "6.1 Ambient Air Impact Forecast, Assessment and Mitigation Measures", a detailed comparison of with and without project scenarios is made. This comparison describes the extent and scope of impact on ambient air quality under the condition with or without this project. In the Section "Road Traffic Noise Impact Forecast, Assessment and Mitigation
43 Measures", a similar comparison has also been made, with consideration of the extent and scope of impact on the environment at both sides of project roads in with or without this project scenario. The overall conclusions of the "with and without project" comparison is that from the city wide perspective, the air quality would improve. Over the long term, the air quality would not deteriorate as fast as in the scenario of without the project. This is because the project will significantly improve the motor vehicle efficiency through increased average speeds, less congestion and traffic jams, less start/stop and acceleration/deceleration, particularly in the intersections. The improved motor vehicle operation efficiency, particularly reduced start/stop and acceleration/deceleration would reduce motor vehicle emission, which is one of the major contributor to the air contamination in the city. Similarly, the improved road conditions, such as intersection improvement and channelation and interchanges construction, will reduce the needs for stop/start, as well as the current wide spread homing practices by Wuhan's drivers. These are some of the major high level noise sources in the city. On the project streets, however, the air emission and noise levels are expected to increase with the project. Clearly, the significantly increased traffic volumes in the project streets after the upgrading offset the efficiency improvement and reduced homing.
44 4. Environmental Baseline of the Project Area This section describes environmental and socio-economic baseline of the project areas. The baseline description includes two parts: general description of the project region focusing on macro environmental and socio-economic characteristics and detailed description of the areas where the project will be located. The detailed description will also be based on environmental monitoring programs conducted during this EA, to supplement the baseline information collected from publicly available sources.
4.1 Urban Natural Environment
Topography and Landforms Wuhan City is situated in the Changjiang River Middle and Lower Reaches Alluvial Plain. The terrain in the urban area is smooth with fewer eroded residual hills in the southeast of Hubei Province. The landform is basically plain in the center of the urban area, surrounded with hilly lands and hillocks in the north and south directions. Along the two banks of the Changjiang River and Hanjiang River, there are abundant lakes, ditches, creeks and channels as well as other surface water bodies. Along these natural water bodies, there also are many artificial lakes and fish ponds. Low hills are in the suburb areas with fluctuating heights. The difference in relative altitudes in the city is no more than 50 m. The area where the project roads are located basically belongs to established and built up area, with densely distributed institutional and commercial establishments, urban utilities, public facilities, residential houses and roads, as well as limited industrial enterprises. Part of the MRR and the Qinghua Road will pass through water surface and/or agricultural lands. .
The project region has abundant surface water resources and a dense network of rivers and lakes. There are 10 rivers and 140 large and small lakes with a total water catchment area of 2,187 kin2, which is 25.6% of the total. Particularly in Wuchang district, about 70% the city's lakes are located here. The Changjiang River and Hanjiang River flow through the city proper, with a flow rate of up to 710.7 billion m3 . Some large and middle lakes distribute over the area within the MRR where project roads are located, such as the East Lake, South Lake, Shahu Lake, Moshuihu Lake, Yanxihu Lake, Longyanghu Lake, Yuehu Lake and North Lake, etc. Among surface water area, lakes take about 65%, or 27% of the land area of the city proper (within the MRR). Engineering Geology and Hydro-geology The geological structure of the project located area is mainly neo-cathaysian structural system that almost controls the profile of the geological structure in the whole city area. Main stratums in the city proper include Silurian System sand shale, Devonian System sand shale interspersed with clay-stone, quartz-sandstone and conglomerate, carbonate, Permian System limestone, siliceous limestone and sand shale. Along the two banks of the Changjiang River
45 and Hanjiang River, there is mainly Quaternary System with river facies and lacustrine facies sedimentary and alluvial stratums. The surface soil mainly is clay interspersed with sand soil, chisley soil, sludge sediment, and silt and pudding soil. Groundwater is abundant in the project area. It mainly is Quaternary System pore water interspersed with part of bedrock crevice water. Climate Conditions and Meteorological Conditions The climate in Wuhan is characterized by the following:
AX Wuhan is situated in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River, which belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate zone with distinct seasonal changes. The average frost-free period is about 240 days, and sunshine, heat and rainfall are abundant. X The annual average rainfall is 1,214 mm-1,448 mm. Rainfalls mainly happen between April and July of each year, which account to about 60% of the yearly total. 3X The annual average temperature is 16.8°C with big difference in temperature between winter and summer. The highest temperature on the record is 41.3°C, and the lowest, -18.1 'C. A The wind direction is predominantly from southeast between June and August with the maximum wind intensity of 7-8 degree. Northern and northeast winds prevail in other months with the maximum wind intensity of 9 degree. The highest frequency of storms happens in April. X The annual average sunshine time is 2,058 hours, and the sunshine percentage is 46%.
4.2 Urban Socioeconomic Setting and Community Distribution
Urban Social Economy Wuhan City is situated in the center of continental China, in the east of Hubei Province and the intersection of the Changjiang River and Hanjiang River. It is an important communication and transportation hub in China, an extra-large city, the provincial capital of Hubei as well as the economic, science and technology, education and cultural center in the central China and the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River. The municipal jurisdictions of Wuhan are divided into four levels including municipal, district, street and community levels. There are 11 urban districts in Wuhan, including Jiang'an, Jianghan, Qiaokou, Hanyang, Wuchang, Hongshan, Qingshan, Jiangxia and Caidian, Huangpi, and Xinzhou and two suburb districts: Hannan and Dongxihu. Population According to the latest census, the total population of the whole city was 7.5823 million persons at the end of 2001. Of which, male population was 3.9024 million and female was 3.6799 million. Agricultural population was 3.0934 million and non-agricultural population 4.4889 million. Based on the location, about 7.2441 million population is in the urban districts and 0.3382 million in suburbs. The birth rate of the whole city was 7.85 %o,with 4.97 %oof
46 mortality and 2.88 %oof natural growth rate. The population density of Wuhan was 895.5 person/ km 2 in 2001, which was the third highest in the ten largest cities in China. Of which, the population density in Hankou district was the highest, that in Jianghan District was up to 13,760 person/ knm2 , Qiaokou up to 11,581 person/ kM2, and Jiang'an District up to 9,795 person/ kM2. Wuhan is a city inhabited by predominantly Han Chinese. There are 42 other ethnic minorities in the city but the total number of them is only about 40,000, which is 0.55% of the total population of about 7.8 million. These ethnic minorities spread among the general population and there is no any collected residential area where any of the ethnic minorities are concentrated or living together or any area with distinct ethnic minority features or culture. These 42 minorities have lived in harmony and amity with the dominant Han Nationality for a long history. Economics In the year of 2001, the GDP of the whole city was 134.780 billion Yuan, increasing by 12% compared with the previous year. Of which, the total output of the first industry was 8.503 billion Yuan, an increase of 5.3% on the year to year basis; that of the secondary industry was 59.484 billion Yuan, an increase of 12.9% and the tertiary industry, 66.793 billion Yuan, an increase of 12.1%.
Scenic and Historical Sites Wuhan is the place of origin of the Chu Culture. Chu Culture is a regional cultural founded in Chu State by the ancient Chu people. The culture is well known for its bronze smelting technology, silk weaving technology, literature, art, music and dance, etc. Other regions or culture are also practiced in the city including Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christian Wuhan is a famous historical and cultural city in China with a recorded history of more than 2500 years. Within the Wuhan municipal jurisdiction, there are 135 cultural sites protected by the state, province and city respectively. Within the project impacted areas, there are two national-level cultural relics protective sites. These are the historical site of the Armed Government of the Revolution of 1911 and the historical site of the "August 7 Meeting" of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Except these two, other sites however, are located far away from the project roads and will not be affected by the project construction and/or operation. Wuhan City was listed as the national-level historical and cultural city in 1986. People's Standard of Living
In 2001, the disposable per capita personal income of the urban residents was 7,305.05 Yuan on average, while that of the rural resident was 3,100 Yuan, which was increased by 8.1 % and 5.0%compared to the previous year respectively. The proportion (Engel index) that food
47 expenditure takes consumption expenditure of the urban resident decreased to 38.1% and that of the rural resident decreased to 50.8%. The living conditions of both urban and rural residents were improved from the previous year. The living space per capita of the urban resident was 9.65 m2, which was increased by 0.85 m2 from a year ago. The living space for the rural residents was 31.95 mi2 , increased by 0.13 m2 , and the housing quality were also improved.
Distribution of Community
This project is distributed over the eight urban districts (Jiang'an, Jianghan, Qiaokou, Hanyang, Wuchang, Qingshan, Hongshan and Jiangxia) and one suburb district (Dongxihu) of Wuhan City. The project directly impacted areas include 35 streets (towns) and 125 communities (villages).
4.3 Environmental Protection Targets
Environmentally sensitive receptors, which are the primary environmental protection targets, mainly are schools,- hospitals, sanatoriums, and residential buildings at the both sides of the newly built and upgraded roads.
Based on the type of environmental impacts which may be caused by this project and the environmental characteristics of the areas along the roads, and through a thorough investigation of the project roads, the EA team identified all sensitive receptors within the impacted areas. The identification and determination of sensitive receptors were based on Sections 1.10 "Determination Principles of Environmental Protection Targets" in this report. The investigation included the distance of each of the sensitive to the proposed roads and the number of the affected persons. The details are shown in Table 4.3-1 and Figure 4.3-1.
Besides those listed in Table 4.3-1 which are primarily environmental receptors sensitive to noise, air emission, construction activity and socio-economic and community impacts, there are other types of sensitive receptors. These other sensitive receptors, disucssed in other sections, include water bodies (Sections 4.8), natural habitats/wetlands (Section 4.9), and cultural properties (Section 4.11).
48 Table 4.3-1 Summary Statement of Environmental Sensitive Targets
1, _General description of sensitive receptor RelativeNearest ~~~~~Directly Executive No. Name of sensitive receptor location horizontal N standard to line distance to red ______line of road (m) populaton I Changhang Staff s University South 3 5 4 1000-odd 2 Dormitory of Third Municipal Nolih 3 4-6 250-odd Administerial Co 3 Baodao Mansions North 3 7 200-odd 4 Changhang office building South 2 6 500-odd - Dormitors of Business Orders Bank North 3 8--12 600-odd 6 Dormitory of Foods Factory North 5 7 200-odd 7 Dormitory of Education South 2 5-7 200-odd Committce 8 Jiang'an District Court North 7 8-9 Junior Middle School of No 6 9 Middle School of Wuhan Soutli 3 6 2000-odd _ 10 Gaoxiong residential area North 2 5 8 500-odd M 11 New Hong Kong Building South 5 18 430-odd 12 Redbud Garden North 3 8 200-odd 13 Qiuyan Building South 2 21 Under construction 14 Mofalu Primary School South i 6 700-odd 15 New Mofan Village North 5.5 8 1500-odd 16 No 2 Mofan Village South 8 8-9 500-odd Dormitory of Chemical Industrial Daytime 17 Co North 2 7-9 600-odd Leq55dB(A) 18 Xiangyu Middle School South 15 4 600-odd NLghttime. 19 Wuhan Financial and Trade South 23 4-6 2000-odd (class 1) Vocational School 20 Hubianfang Village South 6 7-8 800-odd 21 No 11 Wuhan Hospital North 6 7 300 beds Area North 8 7-8 Under 22 Flehuayuan Residential construction 23 First Chinese Medical Clinic North 8 2 24 Dormitory of Metal Co. South 0 5 120-odd 25 No 279 Xianggang Road South 0 8 250-odd _ 26 Dormitory of Production Goods -0 2 Co. South 1 6 200-odd M 27 Suifeng Garden South 4 16 250-odd ce ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Under 28 Pengfei Garden North 6 8 construction 29 Xiangtian Mansions South 4 7 600-odd cZ 30 Xima Residential Area North 3 5 8 1500-odd 31X Wuahn Foreign Economic South 5 11 Trade Commission 32 Ziteng Garden South 10 6 400-odd 33 Zhongyuan Dormitory South 18 5 200-odd 34 Studio of Wuhan Television South 3 3 2-3 Station 35 Changfu Mansions north 2 8 13 300-odd Notes 1 0 m expresses that the edge of the sensitive building is located on the red line of road.
49 (continued)
_ Relative Gcneral description of sensitive receptor a ._ No. Name of sensitive receptor location to Nenaresthorizontal Number of storey Directly Executive line distance ioline ine or Of building facing affected standard road (m) street population O _ 36 Huashi Commercial Co. nonh 19 6 constrction
37 Commercial Bank north 5 8 Dormitory of Material x e 38 Dormit South 0-2 7 350-odd ______Depantm ent______39 Dormitory of 1iubei People's South 6 8 8 400-odd
40 Hubei People's Court north 17 20 41 Hubei Colour Television Center South 35 17 42 Shahu Mansions north 6 6 360-odd 43 Jiangying Hotel north 12 9 a 44 Dormitory of 6803 Plant South 2 9 4 -5 250-odd _ 45 Hongling Primary School north 7 4 4-5 1000-odd Dormitory of Hubei -6 300-odd _ Computation College fi 47 Huatai Mansion north 7.5 19 48 Dormitory of Hubei South 4 6- 19 600-odd 4 Administerial Bureau NDormitory of Wuhan Heavy not3.630-d e 49 Mechanical plant 0 Z 50 Tianyong Mansions South 5.1 18 300-odd 51 Hubei Aquatic Production north 9 5 Research Institute Daytime. 52 Dormitory of Hubei Aquatic north 3 8 500-odd Leq55dB Production Bureau (A) 53 Guangyuan Mansion South 3 23 600-odd Nighttim 54 Office building of provincial South 7 5 8 1500-odd Leq45dB Party committee ______55 Huiyu Garden South 7.5 7 1000-odd (A) 56 Dormitory of Plastic Plant north 2.1 7 400-odd (class n 57 Qinyuan Garden South 50 7-14 350-odd M 58 Clinic of Wuhan SciTech Univ north 14 3 3--5 r 59 New Tuanjie Village north 21 7 500-odd
6' 60 Shiji caicheng north 19 10 construction
X~ S' 61 Dormitory of 665 Warehouse north 10 7-8 300-odd x 62 Gutianlu Primary School East 12 7 500-odd Primary School of Automobile 63 Fcoywest 71 1-3 600-odd
5 n 64 Aimin Primary School north 3 8 4 230-odd : 65 Sanxing Mansions north 1 8 7 280-odd _ 66 Jianshe Road I north 0 6 400-odd
. 67 Cuijiadun north 22 [-7 1000-odd 68 Youyilu Middle School West 8 2 30-odd es 69 Minyi Hospital west 0-82 2-4 1000-odd _ 70 Yuan'an Mansions West 10 5-'-7 1000-odd a 71 Duowen Community West 10 9 400-odd 72 Wutai Community East 10 13 500-odd Under 73 Anshun Garden East 10 I-hgh rise construction
74 Tianren Community East 10 17-20 1000-odd (continued)
50 Relative General description of sensitive receptor Road section No. Name ofsensitive receptor location to Nearest horizontal Number of storey Directly Executive line distance to redline of building facing affected standard of road (m) street population Meizi 75 Xiongjiawan East 12 I -6 300-odd Rd(RDI 28) 76 District Welfare Center West 2 1 -2 120-odd 77 Yuhua Mansion East 5 19~-21 800-odd Dazhi Ed(D 8) 78 Yazhi Community East 5 6 600-odd 79 Rongxing Mansion West 5 14 400-odd Zhongshan 80 Hankou Ratlway Middle East 150 4 1000-odd Aienue(RDI 15) School 81 Orient Star Garden South 10 11 17 Under construction
Under Houhu 82 Jiahat Huayuan North 10 3 construction Rd(RDI 14) 8 Lodging School of No 6 Middle School of Wuhan outh 10 4 1000-odd 84 Baibuting Garden South 10 7 1000-odd 85 Changhang cadres' West 10 7 300-odd Lugouqiao dormitoryRedoCrmioss ostaofDaytime Rd(RDI 33) 86 Red Cross Hospital of West 5 3 20-odd Leq55dB(A) Jiang'an Ngtin 87 Hubei Education College East 40 5 1000-odd Nighttime Leq45dB(A) 88 Ztzhuyuan E.ast 50 6 Unider (class 1) construction 89 Jiahai mingyuan East 50 3 Under Huangpu construction Rd(RDI 5) 90 Century Garden East 50 3 Under construction 91 Urban Field Garden East 50 4 Under construction 92 Ya'an Garden South 20 12 Under construction Jianshe 93 Luochang Residential South 20 6 1200-odd Avenue Area (RD I 10) 94 Changhang dormitory South 20 17 500-odd 95 Science and Technology North 40 II Palace 96 Lujialing Primary School South 20 1 200-odd 97 No 2 Staffs I-lospital ot WS South 60 4 500 beds Qinghua Rd 98 Caijiawan Middle School North 110 4 500-odd (RDI 4) Daytime 99 Donghu AgednessDonghu South Agediiess 60 2-3 100-odd ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Leq5OdB3(A)Nighttime Mansions Leq4OdB(A) (class 0) Industrial 100 Dazhou Village West 0 2--3 500-odd Avenue (RDi11I) tOt Wufeng Village West 0 2-3 300-odd Luoshinan Rd 102 Agricultural Cadres' West 100 6 800-odd (RDt 19) Collegc Shipailng Rd 103 Di\ a Gardcn West 10 6 200-odd Jisan Rd 04Both LeqSi):dB(A) (RDI 26) 104 Nanhu Garden sides 10 6-7 2000-odd Nighttime Jiiishii Rd _ Leq45dB(A) (RDI 23) 105 Minglunjie Primary School SoutIl 5 1000-odd (class 1) l-anxi Rd WliTohIt sensime receptor liere is Changzheng Primary School at present, but it is planned to (RDI 32) t remoxe because ofWuhan Urban Rail liansit Project Sixin Aventic witliout sensiti\ e reccptor (RDi 29) ______Old Hansha Without sensitive High%Na\ V16I61 receptor
51 (continued)
General description of sensitive receptor .Name of sensitive Relative Nearest Number of Directly Executive Road section No. receptor location horizontal storey of affected standard to line distance to red building facing population line of road (m) street ______106 Yunhe Residential Area South 30 7-h1500 Nannwannviaduc 107 Miaoyi Kindergarten North 30 2 - -200 (RDI 13) Both 108 Fazhan Village sides 20 6-7 -2000 Gutia Rd 2 Without sensitive viaduct (KDI Ib) receptor Changr,ng Rd viaduci 109 Huangjiadawan South 0 2- 3 -300 (PDI Ic) XinhuaxiaRd 110 Gusaoshu's Primary Right 0 1-2 -500 viaduct - School below (RDI Id) III Gusaoshu Right 0 1 - 5 -300 ______~~ ~~below______(SRDIle) 112 Houhu Primary School North 0 1-2 -500 Guocikou viaduct Without sensitive Daytime (RD2 5) (RD2 receptor5) ~~~~~~~WestDatm Leq55 - Zhalankou 113 Changtai Mansion East 20 8 -200 dB(A) viaduct 114 Ezhou Mansion West 20 9 -200 Nighttime (RD2 4) 115 Fangtai Real Estate Co. West 50 8 -300 Leq45 Qingling viaduct Without sensitive dB(A) (RDI 3b) receptor (class 1) Southern Luoshi Without sensitive Rd viaduct (RDI 3d) receptor Lizhi viaduct16 (RDI lc) 16 Liqiao Primary School West 10 3 -4 500 Y(jiawan viaduci Without - sensitive receptor Qiaokou Rd Without sensitive viaduct (RD2 3) receptor Xiuarggang Rd50 viaduct 117 Xianggang Rd West 10 8--12 5 00 (02 7) residential area families Xunhimen viaduct Without scnsitive (RD2 6) receptor R;ampsefChangpicg Without sensitive tirgiuvasBndge D2 1) receptor Wujiashan Without sensitive / (PT2 i) receptor Yonganung Without sensitive (Pl22) receptor GuanshanRd Without sensitive I(PT2 3) receptor Daytime Qlngling Without sensitive / Leq55dB(A (PT2 4) receptor Zhonghua 118 Zhonghua Rd residential North 6200 Nighttime (PT25) 18 area North__6__20 Leq45dB(A
TaipingyaTg 119 Dormitory of Knittilng surrounding I 2-6 -200 (class) (PT2 6) ____ Plant (class____ (PT2 7) 120 Grain Industrial College South I 4-6 -500
Sanyang Rd 121 No 8 Wuhan Middle East 4-000 (PT2 8) School I Es 10 Yongqing Street 122 Xinjian Village South I 6-7 -300 (PT2 9) ______52
52 (continued) General description of sensitive receptor Road Name of sensitive Relative Nearest Number of Directly Executive section Name of sensitive location horizontal storey of affected standard to line distance to red building facing population line of road (m) street New Qili Taohuadao residential Es Village 123 East 1 6 300-odd (PT3 l) area Baibuting Without sensitive receptor (PT 2) ______Erqiaoxi area Without sensitive receptor / / / (PT3 3) Nanhu Garden Without sensitive receptor 1 6-7 300 (PT3 4) ______Chenjiadun Without sensitive receptor (P35) ______Jiang'anxi zhan Without sensitive receptor (PT3 6) ______Gusaoshu Surroun00 (PT3 7) 124 Gushaoshu residence Surround 34 100 (PT3 8) Without sensitive receptor -200 Xiangyang Village Without sensitive receptor tPT3 9) ______Xudong Rd 125 Tuanjie residential area North 1 7-8 -500 (PT3 o0) Guanshan Without sensitive receptor (PT3Hi) ______
Village 126 Tiejie residential area south 1 6-7 -500 (PT3 12)
4.4 Air Quality Baseline
According to the EA TOR and the review comments from the SEPA TOR review experts, the baseline air quality is assessed based on the existing urban air monitoring data. In addition, a supplementary air quality monitoring program was conducted during the EA which provides additional air quality baseline information particularly along the project roads and sensitive receptors identified through site investigation. 4.4.1 City wide air quality During the Nineth Five-year Plan (1996-2000) period, the monitored air quality from the monitoring network Wuhan passed the relevant air quality standards set by SEPA. According to those monitoring results, the average values of five monitoring substations (Wuchang Ziyang, Hanyang Yuchu, Hankou Huaqiao, Qingshan Changqian, East Lake Liyuan, see Figure) may represent the city wide air quality of Wuhan urban area. In these monitoring locations, Wuchang Ziyang, Hanyang Yuehu, Hankou Huaqiao and East Lake Liyuan belong to the Class 11 air quality zone while Qingshan Changqian is in the Class III zone. As this project is widely distributed and basically covering the entire Wuhan City proper, this baseline description utilizes the average values of monitoring results of the existing monitoring network to represent the current level of air quality. The mnonitoring results of SO2, N0 2/NOx,, PMIO/TSP and CO between 1996 and 2000 for Wuhan City are shown in Table 4-1 to Table
53 4-4 respectively, in which, the results for East Lake Liyuan monitoring point in 1996 is a lab analysis of 24-hour continuous sampling. Table 4-5 is the NO2 automatic monitoring result in 2001.
Table 4.4-1 SO2 Monitoring result (mg/Nm3) in Wuhan City proper (1996-2000)
Daily average value Sirgle monitoring results
C 0.~~~~~~C 2000 1654 16 097 0408 .0375185 27 .0
199 914 12 1.1 023 003441 4 00 4
z~~~~~~~~~~~~
1996 914 12 1.31 0.223 0.043 44715 14 0.03 1 340 1997 1408 26 1 85 0.272 0.042 67616 43 0.06 1 223 City 1998 1547 22 142 0.312 0044 0 041 72247 28 004 0.991 pro). - 1999 1488 21 1.41 0.350 0.039 55422 30 0 05 0.830 1996 212 0 4701~~- C 0 0 49100.00.33 C>2000 _31654; 2911997 1016 03.44 97 0.4080.272 0.0370470 51853134 2712 0.0500 1 1959
98 382 0 61 , 1996 182 0 0 00 0.50.15 00560u 042 0.3 15498534 01 0000.0 0.4899
_ 200 33 0.0 014 029062Cu 0 0.0 .1 R 1997 278 4 144 0 209 0 046 12990 12 0 09 1223 o1996 197 o 000 0 3 006 29 0 0 .3 = 1998~~~ ~~280281 41 0-1.4236 499 0170.240 00216130053 0.048 13040 24 000.03 0 6139 W 1999 256 4 1 56 0.200 0 043 11990 4 003 0 575
2000 2000~ 312316~ 1 0.00.32 0110.178 0.043001938 Cu 9741 0 0.000001 0 453 1996 212 1 0 47 0.158 0040 9951 0 0.00 0.336 1997 291 10 3.44 0.272- 0 047 13642 12 0.09 0 793 1998 328 2 061 0.153 0 042 0.037 15494 1 0.00 0991 1999 307 2 0 65 0.223 0.027 14382 4 0.03 0 393 2000 338 0 0.00 0 144 0 029 10642 0 0.00 0.413
1996 197 0 0 00 0134 0.036 9249 0 0 00 0.336 Cr 1997 280 1 0 36 0157 0 032 136163 2 0.02 0 793 199 327 0 0 00 0143 0 032 0034 15407 1 0 00 0 991 1999 283 1 0 35 0157 0.037 13287 0 0.00 0 393
___ 2000 312 0 0.00 0131 0031 9358 0 0 00 0 413 1996 177 1I 6021 0.223 0.074 8394 1I 0.13 1340 1997 299 11 3 68 0 254 0068 14028 14 0 10 0 906
1998 316 16 5 06 0.3 12 0063 0 067 14572 22 0 15 0.811 1999 348 14 4 02 0.350 0 070 15763 22 0 14 0.830
2000 350 15 4 29 0 408 0 059 ____ 11233 27 024 1195
1996 146 0 0 00 0.051 0 008 0 020 I/ I/
-~ 1997 260 0 0 00 0 082 0 019 8587 3 003 0.741 . ~ 1998 295 0 0 00 0 088 0.028 13793 3 0 02 0 713
LU. 1999 294 0 0 00 0.104 0 018 13834 0 0 00 0456
54 1 2000 1 338 1 0 1 0.00 1 0.091 1 0.025 1 1 10879 1 0 1 0.00 1 0.408 1 Table 4.4-2 NO, Monitoring result (mg/Nm3) in Wuhan City proper (1996-2000)
Daily average value Basic monitoring results
pro 1998 2 L.
- -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
E co 0 >
199 151 41 282 0.5 0 8 71 43 65 .2
n 1996 9203 20 226.6 0.35 0.082 52 79 1 017 1997 1499 419 27.95 0.553 0.084 71908 9659 13543 1.383 City ~ 1998 N~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1567 452 28 84 0.671 0.094 0.082 72737 11110 15.27 1.388 pro 2000~ 32 ~ ~95 C 2 9 j6 08 1999 1516 413 28.24 0.557 0.088 57018961 9431/u 16.54/02 1.929 2000 1654 239 144 5 0.365 0 066 149836 / 0 823 o 1996 196 108 55 10 0.485 0133 9153 2679 2927 1.017 oZ 1997 294 195 66 33 0 429 0 145 13782 4767 34.59 1336
:: 1998 303 226 74.59 0 614 0 172 0 140 14056 5816 41 38 1 363 C 1999 264 193 73 32 0 421 0 160 12378 4679 37.80 1.141 2000 320 95 29 69 0.266 0088 9 / 0 823 1996 203 54 26.60 0.335 0.082 9526 1218 12 79 1 004 1997 326 99 30.37 0.553 0.096 15261 2371 15.54 1.383 U 1998 330 128 38.79 0671 0 118 0.101 15538 3025 19.47 1.388 sm 1999 305 121 39 67 0557 0.118 14336 2963 20.67 1.929
______2000 339 88 25 6 0 365 0.089 10068 / / 0747
^ 1996 206 26 126 2 0323 0061 9731 697 716 0980 ~ 1997 316 48 S 19 0319 0062 14900 1149 7 71 1.052 Q 1998 323 59 18.27 0 388 0 069 0 065 15224 1465 962 1365 m 1999 315 6 42032 0 341 0 067 14842 1377 9 28 1 324 2000 322 43 13 35 0.258 0.066 9597 II 0 788 CZ 1996 178 16 899 0201 0 067 8433 317 3 76 0.357 Cr r_ 1997 301 69 22 92 0.173 0 085 14124 632 4 47 0 398 CZ 1998 315 12 381 0.121 0 063 0 064 14505 294 2 03 0 459 tw 1999 343 2l1 6 12 0201 0 056 15462 412 2 66 0 362 ~~2000 ~342 5 146 0 130 0.047 10480 II 0 324 1996 141 5 3 55 0.182 0 036IIII 1997 262 8 3.05 0 172 0 034 8346 292 3 50 0471
1998 -C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~296 27 9 12 0 236 U~~~~~~ OOSO0 0 040 16841 740 5 35 0 881 1999 289 14 4 84 0 243 0 041 13414 510 3 80 0 832 2000 33 1 8 2 42 ,0 170 0 039 10080 I/ 0 695
56 Table 4.4-3 TSP Monitoring result (mg/Nm3) in Wuhan City proper (1996-2000)
Daily average value Basic monitoring results
-~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CU O= :6 1 0 0 ' EU c X o va l u e ^ c0 E E o Max CU ~~~ Max bm > 6 CU. Ma
City c. 2 _C _ OU E ~~ ~ ~ ~ Uvalue U value
1996~~~778 ~~~ 78 .4 9 83 U3 .2 z E~~~~~~C
011/ .4 pro.~ 1991996~ 152778 48=19139 17.87 0.740.5 0 251950 0.3 48039 / / 1.921 1997 1458 395 27 09 0.854 0.241 70235 / 4.089 City 1998 1526 487 3191 1.158 0258 0.232 71110 4.347 pro. 1999 1504 485 32 25 0.927 0.259 56995 /3 830 2000 1626 249 15 31 0.845 0 210 54655 / 1 663 1996 185 87 47.03 0.740 0313 15669 81.921
s~ 1997 306 175 57 19 0.854 0.341 14363 / / 4.089 1998 287 182 63.41 1.006 0.358 0 304 13467 / / 404
< 1999 264 122 46.21 0.777 0.299 12408 / / 1.954 2000 308 37 12 01 0.561 0.212 10162 / / 1033 o 1996 176 22 12.50 0.598 0 184 8000 / 1.348 1997 321 61 19.00 0.832 0 223 14960 / 1.550 j 1998 312 86 27656 1.158 0.236 0.213 145335 4.347 1999 298 58 19.46 0 643 0.225 13848 I 22213 2000 325 41 12.62 0.552 0.200 10932 1.663
. 1996 189 20 1058 0.443 0.166 8659 / 1.157 c 1997 295 103 34.92 0.635 0272 13784 / I 910
U 1998 334 87 26.05 0.787 0.243 0.221 15591 / 2674 0 c 1999 3410 79 25 48 0.639 0.234 14303 / / 3 830 2000 332 40 12.05 0.584 0.192 11013 1 090 1996 158 8 5.06 0 434 0.194 7476 / / 1170
z 1997 294 48 16 33 0.650 0 320 13804 0 945
L) 1998 305 118 3869 0.904 0.303 0.271 14426 1.638 1999 345 212 61 45 0.927 0.354 16436 I/ 1 004
C) 2000 339 109 32 15 0 845 0.277 11601 /I 0 995 1996 70 2 2 86 0 345 0 119/I II
?:1 1997 242 8 3 31 0 447 0 14 8235 // 0 854 1998~ 288 14 4 86 0 682 0 151 0 153 13324 I/ 1314 > 199') 287 14 4 88 0.532 0 183 13073 _ 1 165 2001, 322 22 6 83 0.563 0 1169 10947 / / I 000
57 Table 4.4-4 CO Monitoring result (mg/Nm3) in Wuhan City proper (1996-2000)
Daily average value Basic monitoring results
E~~~~~~~~~~ - 2 e S~~~~~>Ma
i. 1 0- 0
. _
. 1996 1397 212 15 2 11.666 2.629 65381 999 1 5 38.106 Cly 1998 1400 173 12.4 11359 2.449 2.561 65491 839 1.3 31 503 pro. . 1999 1500 125 8.3 8.72 2.205 69648 43 0 7 30.719 2000 I
X ~~~~211109 51 7 15 3151 4.370 9844 396 4.0 37.392 X' _ > ~~~~304168 55 3 111.664 4 406 14189 810 5 7 27 106 , :: ~~~~22640 17.7 6.708 2 841 10618 81 0 8 23.123 c < ~~~340 18 5.3 5.476 2.326 15916 92 0.6 19 613 i ~~~~33122 6.7 9 349 2 295 2.334 15583 149 I .0 24 602 E 0 312 14 45 5 608 1.873 14608 68 0.5 19 870 226 1o5 66 8.331 1.978 10525 125 1.2 25 150 G ~~~~2681 5 56 8 779 2.079 l12562 95 0 8 38 106 16 83196 26 13.3 7.877 2.576 2 30159233 199 2 2 26 793 X ~~~~3085 1 6 6 499 1428 14416 49 0 3 19 952 01 1996 1976 21 11.9 4.742 Cit 301 10 3 3 4.286 309 4 13 6 865 X >m ___ 1 _ 5 5 _==_==______340 58 Table 4.4-5 NO2 Monitoring result of automatic monitoring station in 2001 Monitoring point I" quarter 2nd quarter 3rd quarter 4 th quarter Annual average Wuchang Ziyang 0 054 0 047 0 042 0.064 0 051 Hangyang Yuehu 0 067 0 060 0 050 0.073 0 062 Hankou Huaqiao 0 062 0 052 0.042 0 057 0 053 Qingshan Changqian 0.042 0.039 0.038 0.047 0 041 East Lake Liyua 0.042 0.030 0.027 0.038 0 047 City proper 0.053 0.046 0 040 0 056 0 048 Between 1996 and 2000, the daily average value of SO2 in the urban area is 0.037-0.044 mg/Nm3, five days' average value is 0.041 mg/Nm3 , in 2000, the daily average value dropped 13.95% in comparison with 1996. It can be seen form Figure 4.4-1, in nearly 5 years (1999-2000), the annual average value of Wuhan City proper had reached to Class II standards, and the daily average values within five years basically decreased except slightly increase in 1998. The improved was largely due to the relocation of coal burning industrial operations from the city center to outside, reducing the SO 2 emissions in the urban areas. 3 The annual average value of NO2 in the city proper is 0.066-0.094 mg/Nm , the daily average value within five years is 0.082 mg/Nm3, and the daily average value within the city proper in 2000 dropped 13.16% in comparison with 1996. Meanwhile, from Figure 4.4-2, it can be seen that within 6 years, the annual average values in 1997, 1998 and 1999 slightly exceed the specified standards but since 1999, the concentrations have been through an obvious decrease. Based on the available information, the NO2/NO, ratio differs from monitoring station to monitoring station. The average annual concentrations show that the ratio is about 0.36 to 1. The TSP, instead of PM1 O values were used for the most part for baseline assessment is because until very recently, the country had used TSP as an indicator for air borne particulate. All monitoring program had been about TSP and only TSP data are available. As a result, this EA will use TSP for its city wide baselilne assessment but will use PM1 O for roadside monitoring program and for impact assessment in compliance with the recent change standards by SEPA. The annual average value of TSP in the city proper was 0.195-0.259 mg/Nm3 , the daily average value per year within five years is 0.232 mg/Nm3 . From Fig 4.4-3, it can be seen that within 5 years, the annual average values of TSP in the city proper exceed the specified standard for all the years except that in 1996. Between 1996 and 1999, the daily average concentration value of CO in the city proper was 2.205-2.960 mg/Nm3 , and the daily average value per year within four years was 2.561 mg/Nm3 . Meanwhile, from Fig 4.4-4, it can be seen that within 4 years, the annual average values per year within 4 years can meet the standard and it has obviously been decreased. According to the collected analysis of air monitoring result for tnink roads recently in Wuhan City proper, presently, for absorbable particles (PMI0) in Wuhan City proper, the primary daily average concentration value severely exceeds the applicable standard. 59 Co'ncenalion(moml '_';,''11' Fig 44-3he allua aveago value- oflTSP -n "th ps:St.fv er inIWum Cit proper, (mg/Nm3) Con cent rationtrn&N II 4.,:F i :Stadr 1996 19971 1998 199 20000. 0. ~~~~~~63~ Cocentratlon(MO/M3 < - _ _ .. Standard 1996 1997 1998 1999 4.4.2 Project roads air quality baseline In order to better understand baseline air quality on both sides of the project trunk roads of Wuhan City, this EA conducted roadside air quality monitoring from September 10- 13, 2002, which is a non-heating season. In general, Wuhan does not have a heating season as the city generally does not provide space heating in the winter. In central city area, with consideration of -the project scope and traffic flows, 16 monitoring points are selected along 15 selected trunk roads. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, absorbable particles, total hydrocarbon and traffic flows are synchronously measured during the two days. The monitoring results provide baseline air quality information on the project trunk roads and at the same time, provide a cross reference with the mo-nitoring results of the city wide monitoring network. The monitoring locations and air quality monitoring results (daily averages) of this monitoring program4.4.2Project are shown in Tableairfroads 4.4-6.HuaibeyWaterlinserac Table 4.4-6 Monitoring result of air quality along project roads (average value) Unit: mg/NM3 Object of reference for monitoring Total Car flow No. Name of roads point SO2 NO2 PM 10 hydro (cars/h) Carbon I Fazhan Ave Hongshicng Auto Repair Factory 0 024 0 105 0 149 1.4 4431/4194 2 Riverside Ave On the opposite of Wuhan Foodstuff 0.026 0 149 0 241 1 5 3016/3196 FactoryI 3 Zhongshan Ave Sunshine Hotel 0.041 0.159 0.222 1.4 12009/2542 4 Jianshe Ave _Qinglian H-otel 0 002 0 126 0.204 2 0 3858/3649 5 Riverside Ave At the gate of No 27 Secondarv School 0.030 0.169 0 191 1.4 1872/1698 6 Wuisheng Rd In front of China Industrial and 0.031 0 130 0 160 1 4 2523/2074 Commiercial Bank 7 ~~~~Onthe opposite of district securitN 1 1 8 0622 7 Flaiyang Ave branch_buireaui 01 9 2365 8 YingNs u Ave In front of Ye%~eixiang Restauranit 0 014 0.071 0 184 I 5 263 1/2302 9 Wuluo Rd In front of No IS Secondarv School 0.009 0 088 0.135 I 0 4525/4934 10 Zhongnailt Rd i ontuc ei018 0 084 0 3 18 1.0 3255/3685 Bureau Ih ich epingoAne In front Of WLnganag Staff College 0 064 0.058 0.223 0s8 1525/1611 12 the proYejein Ave Wugang technical Center 0m057 0i056 0p206 0.7 1838/1905 13un roadXsdong Rd Toimber Store 0.037 0a090 0p324 I 6 5505/490 14ble 4.4Luoyu Rdo nit ing AgrlCicultural Bank 0.026 0 107 0v251 1 0 2958/3233 61 15 Jiefang Ave At the west of Zhongshan Park gate 0.017 0 070 0 287 1 7 3525/3982 16 Jiefang Ave On the opposite of old power supply 0.021 0077 0.309 2 1 3782/4023 bureau Concentration limit (mg/Nm3 ) 0.15 0 12 0.15 Note. car flow is 11:00 amr17:00 pm It can be seen form Table 4.4-6 SO2 daily average concentration value of one monitoring for the trunk road is up to the Class II concentration standard for air quality. NO2 daily average concentration values for monitoring points meet the Class II concentration standards, except Sunshine Hotel on Zhongshan Avenue and No. 27 Secondary School gate on Riverside Avenue, where the measured values were slightly exceeded the applicable standards. PMIo daily average concentration value for all monitoring points exceeds the Class II concentration standards. The air born particulate pollution the monitored region is serious, except Hongsheng Auto Repair Factory on Fazhan Avenue and No. 25 Secondary School gate, where exceedance is mild. 4.4.3 Existing air pollution sources The existing air pollution source of Wuhan City includes mainly industrial pollution sources, domestic pollution sources, motor vehicle emission and air born dust pollution by construction and road traffic. According to information provided by Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station, in 1998, the SO2 emission by domestic activities in Wuhan City proper accounted for less than 3%. With the gradual improvement of domestic fuels, the proportion of the emission from domestic sources in the city proper will further drop gradually in the whole city. Moreover, although there is severe air born dust by construction (see Table 4.4-6), it is characterized by short-time, randomness in location and difficulty in control. Therefore, the analysis of existing air pollution source mainly focus on industry and transport, with the emphasis on the motor vehicle emission. Industrial airpollution sources The industrial enterprises which generate air emissions in Wuhan City can be divided into 37 industrial sectors. According to information provided by Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau and Wuhan environmetnal status annual reports, gas emissions of the following five sectors are among the highest: ferrous metal smelting and manufacturing, power, steam and hot water generation and supply, non-ferrous and mineral manufacturing, chemical raw materials and goods manufacturing. Together, these industries account for about 90% of the total industrial gas emissions in the city. The emission of the seven largest SO2 emission sectors accounts for about 93.4% of the total industrial emission. Motor vehicle emission sources It is seen from Fig 4.4-5: between 1997 and 1999, with the increase of the total number of motorcycles in Wuhan City, the NO2 annual average concentration in Wuhan City shows an 62 increasing trend. Since 1998, however, Wuhan City has commenced a control of the motor vehicle emission. In the first year (1998), the government of Wuhan City issued ANNOUNCEMENT ON BANNING OF SALE AND USE OF LEADED GASOLINE, resulting in a ban of leaded gasoline use in cars. In 1999, 396 gas stations in the city proper were strictly rechecked and no leaded gasoline has been allowed to enter Wuhan. Meanwhile, in order to carry out No. 106 Ordinance by Wuhan Government, 100% of the motor vehicles owned by government organizations at the provincial and the municipal levels were strictly tested and inspected. The exhaust and emission standards on motor vehicles were strictly tested and enforced. As a result of this inspection program, over 90% complied with the standards in 2000. With a government instruction, Wuhan Public Security's Traffic Management Division in conjustion Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau conducted emission testing program aimed at 10-15% of the motor vehicles in use in the city or newly added to the fleet in a year. The program was basically a roadside test, where motor vehicles in use are randomly selected at the road side and tested for NO2 and CO emissions. Standards used in the testing and compliance program are similar to Euro2. The actual number of motor vehicles tested for 2001 was 72,588 and the standard conformity rate was 75.9%. The testing results showed that about 20,000 motor vehicles tested had emission exceeding the standards. These vehicles were requested for repair and rectifying. The after repair air emission conformity rate for motor vehicle in use reached 90.8% and that for new vehicles reached 100%. Although there is a limited roadsie, idling mode based I/M program in the city, as well as several other programs such as banning of leaded gasoline, 100% government owned vehicle inspection, etc., motor vehicle emission control strategies in the city are mostly fragmented. The municipal EPB is still working with the other relevant agencies to develop such an integrated motor vehicle emission control strategy. The decrease in motor vehicle emission seen in Fig 4.4-5 in 1998 and 1999 may be mainly attributed to the changes in copmosition of the motor vehicle fleet in the city over the three years period. Many new motor vehicles enter into the fleet which had much higher emission standards. At the same time, a large number of the old, heavily polluting motor vehicles were retired from the fleet. The avereage motor emission intesity was therefore reduced as a result. In addition in 1999, the city commenced the motor vehicle emission inspection programs which also contributed to the decrease. The annual average concentrations of NO2 decreased since 1998 steadily, despite the increase in motor vehicle fleet size in the city every year. Therefore, it is clear from the above analysis that the concentration value in the city proper has a certain correlation with the total number of motor vehicles. However, if an attention is paid to enforce emission standards on motor vehicles, both the new vehicles and those in use, the air pollution emission from this source can be effectively controlled. 63 ~~~~~~ y ' 'N:#': -:l'IN*~ ~~~~-. - .*p- No2 concentration Motorcvcle number _ j p !. ' . ! ._ _ .! I _ ' N,!: f 4.5 Acoustic Environment Baseline 4.5.1 General Description of Acoustic Environment According to the Environment Bulletin of Wuhan City, the average value of environmental noise in urban area was 54.7 dB(A) in 2001. This value however, does not indicate acurate acoustic environment quality as it averages off the day and night, and urban center and suburb noises, except it does provide a year to year copmarison of the change in noise levels. The sound sources included 61.9% of domestic noise, 16.7% of traffic noise, 2.8% of construction noise and 11.9% of other noise. Traffic and industrial noise decreased by 0.2 dB(A) and 1.7 dB(A) respectively compared to that in the previous year; while construction, domestic and other noises increased by 1.4 dB(A), 0.3 dB(A) and 0.9 dB(A) respectively over the same period. The populations who lived under sound level of 60 dB(A) were 84.41% of the total populations and its covering area was 190 square kilometers, or 90.48% of the total. A more meaningful noise level indicator is the average noise value of urban transport trunk roads which was 70.6 dB(A) in 2001. This was again a decrease of 1.9 dB(A) compared to that in the previous year. The length of road sections where noise exceeded the standard value was 64.36% of the total length of roads, indicating that the majority of the residents by city trunk roads living in an acoustic environment which exceeding the applicable standards. The average traffic flow of road in the whole year was 2194 vehicle/hour. In order to further reflect the current situation of environmental noise at the environmentally sensitive receptors on both sides of the proposed roads, this EA conducted a noise monitoring program, implemented by the FSDIR's IEA team. 4.5.2 Monitoring of Existing Environmental Noise Monitoring of existing environmental noise was implemented in accordance with the relevant 64 stipulations in GB/T 14623-93 "Measuring Method of Environmental Noise of Urban Area". The details about this program are as follows: Instrument During the process of this monitoring program, RIONNL- 11 type integral sound level meter and HS6280D type noise spectrum analyzer shall be adopted. All the instruments used for this monitoring underwent a metrical calibration by the metrical calibration department. They were calibrated before and after each time of measurement by using ND9 sound source corrector that has been calibrated. Time, Method and Quantity The measurement for existing environmental noise was conducted in accordance with GB/T 14623-93 "Measuring Methods of Environmental Noise of Urban Area". The nosie was measured continuously a sound level by selecting the time period in daytime (8:00-18:00) and nighttime (22:00-6:00). The noise levels thus recorded were taken as the quality of existing acoustic environment. Principlesof Monitoring Point Selection Main objective of monitoring for existing environmental noise is to completely understand the current situation of acoustic environment along the project roads and provide basic data for environmental noise forecast. The monitoring points need to set up at the place 1 m outside the windows of the first row of buildings outside the red line on the roads. It was proposed that typical environmental sensitive receptors be selected at the two sides of new roads and upgrading roads for monitoring of existing environmental noise. The methods of monitoring point arrangement are as follows. X Set up noise monitoring points in all of the schools, hospitals, sanitariums and special hotels. X For the residential area in the same road section and with same structure, select a typical residential building to monitor noise; and the monitoring results stand for the existing environmental noise of all the buildings in the section. 4.5.3 Monitoring Results of Existing Environmental Noise Based on the above-mentioned monitoring point selection principles, requirements in the EA TOR, and based on GB/T 14623-93 "Measuring Method of Environmental Noise of Urban Area", existing noise levels were measured twice fiom September 16 to November 18, 2002 and again from December 10 to 30, 2002. respectively. The noise monitoring program covered a total of 126 environmentally sensitive receptors at both sides of new road, extended road, viaducts and public transport facilities, as well as selected sites on the roads for new surface pavement The detailed positions of the monitoring points and the monitoring results are shown in Tables 4.5-1 and 4.5-2. the locations of the environmental noise monitoring 65 points are shown in Figure 6.2-1 to Figure 6.2-8. 66 Table 4.5-1 Monitoring Results of Current Situation of Environmental Noise o Horizontal Noise monitoring Overproof value - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Relativedsactoresults . vrro au et d ( ) d ( ) No Name of sensitive receptor positioneP itnine o (dB(A)) (dB(A)) to line a: to line road (m) Daytime Nighttime ; Daytime Nightin 1 Changhang Staff's University South 3 5 71.1 16 1 2 Dormitory of Third Municipal North 3 Administerial Co. 3 Baodao Mansions North 3 4 Changhang office building South 2 73 4 67 8 18 4 22 8 - Dormitory of Business Orders North 3 Bank 6 Dormitory of Foods Factory North 5 7 Dormitory of Education South 2 66.1 56.5 11.1 11.5 - Committee _ 8 Jiang'an District Court North 7 64.8 / 9.8 / 2 9 Junior Middle School of No 6 South 3 66 1 11 I Middle School of Wuhan ____ -0 10 Gaoxiong residential area North 2 5 65.5 55.8 10.5 10 8 0 -11 New Hong Kong Building South 5 67.6 645 126 195 D~ 12 Redbud Garden North 3 _ F 13 Qiuyan Building South 2 71.7 69.5 16.7 24.5 14 Mofalu Primary School South 1 61 6 / < 6 6 / 15 New%Mofan Village North 5.5 658 575 10.8 12.5 16 No 2 Nlofan Village South 8 U 17 Dormitory of Chemical Industrial North 2 60.5 58.5 & 5.5 13.5 Co. E 18 Xiangyu Middle School South 15 56.4 / w 1.4 / 19 Wuhan Financial and Trade South 23 61.5 / Z 6.5 / Vocational School 20 Hubianfang Village South 6 57 6 46 5 2.6 1 5 21 No 11 Wuhan Hospital North 6 72.9 69 7 v) 17.9 24.7 0' 22 Hehuayuan Residential Area North 8 70 5 67 5 X 15 5 22 5 23 First Chinese Medical Clinic North 8 71 5 E 16.5 24 Dormitory of Metal Co South 0 25 No 279 Xianggang Road South 0 74 3 69 4 19 3 24 4 26 Doniitorv of Production Goods Sti Co ______-7 Suifeng Garden North 6 72.2 71 2 17 2 26 2 28 Pengfei Garden South 4 229 Xiangtian Mansions South 4 71 4 70 8 16 4 25 8 M 30 Xima Residential Area North 3.5 x 31 Wuahn Foreign Economic Trade South 5 Commission 72 1 71 0 17 1 26 32 Ziteng Garden South 10 33 Zhongyuan Dornitory South 18 68 5 65 0 13.5 20 Studio of Wuhan Television Station South 33 72 5 71 3 17 5 26 3 35 Changfu Mansions North 2.8 Notes I 0 m expresses that the edgc of the sensitive builcding is located on the red line of road, 2 If the oNerproof value is positve number, it stands for that the noise is higher than the standard value if it is negatic. it is lo\\er than the standard value 67 (continued) 0 Horizontal ~~~~~~~~~~Noisemonitoring Relative Horizontal results > Overproof value i No. Name of sensitive receptor position dine o (dB(A)) (dB(A)) to d linef toliae road Cm) daytimie Nighttim Z . Daytime Nighttim ______i__ _e _ _e 0C 36 Huashi Commercial Co. North 19 37 Commercial Bank North 7 0 7.19 25 38 Dormitory of Materal South 0 73.2 71.5 18.2 26.5 od - Department______39 Dormitory of Hubei People's South 6 8 48 1 40 5 -6 9 -4 5 Court 40 Hubei People's Court North 17 49.8 / -5 2 / 41 Hubei Colour Television Center South 35 63.1 / 8 1 / 42 Shahu Mansions North 6 53.6 43 5 -1 4 -1 5 43 Jiangying Hotel North 12 61.5 54.5 6 5 9 5 _ 44 Dormitory of 6803 Plant South 2.9 63.3 56 2 8.3 11 2 45 Hongling Primary School North 7 4 50.7 -4.3 o 46 Dormitory of Fubei South 0 61.6 54 C4 _ Computation College 6 6.6 9 6 . 47 Huatai Mansion North 7 5 60.0 56.1 5 11 1 48 Dormitory of Hubei Soutlh 4 67 9 59 o _ Administerial Bureaua 5 12 9 14 5 N4 Dormitory of Wuhan Heavy N5 E 49 McaclpntNorth 3 4 63 7 51 1 8.7 6 1 U- Mechanical plant_ t 50 Tianyong Mansions South 5.1 68 6 53 8 13 6 8 8 Z 51 Hubei Aquatic Production North 958.9 3 9 Research Institute _ 52 Dormitory of Hubei Aquatic North 3 Production Bureau 63.5 56 5 - 8.5 11 5 53 Guangyuan Mansion South 3 E 54 POffice cmbuilding tteSouth of provincial Sot 7 5 64.444 55755.7 z1.< 9.494 101 7 ____ Party committee _ 55 Huiyu Garden South 7 5 57.5 51 5 2.5 6 5 ' 56 Dormitory of Plastic Plant North 2 1 53 5 45.5 ': -1.5 0 5 - 57 Qinyuan Garden South 50 54 5 48.5 r -0 5 3 5 O 58 Clinic of Wuhan SciTech Univ North 14 3 53.4 / -166 : 59 New Tuanjie Village North 21 48 1 41.0 -6.9 -4 60 Shiji caicheng North 19 56.0 51 5 1 6.5 3 61 Dormitory of 665 Warehouse North 10 59 2 41.5 4.2 -3 5 - 62 Gutianlu Primary School East 12 53 5 47 5 -1 5 2.5 Primary School of Automobile _ 63 Factory West 71 66.1 I 64 Aimin Primary School North 3 8 62.7 / 7 7 / 65 Sanxing Mansions North 1 8 61.5 57 5 6.5 12.5 ,> _ 66 Jianshe Road I North 0 59 3 48 5 4 3 3 5 > 67 Cuijiadun North 22 51.2 43 0 -3 8 -2 68 Youyilu Middle School West 0 72.5 / 17 5 / _ 69 Minyi Hospital West 8 70 5 / 15 5 _ _ E 70 Yuan an Mansions West 10 o 71 Duowen Community West 10 M 72 Wutai (Community West 10 70 2 68 5 15 2 23 5 > 73 Anshun Garden East 10 74 Tianren Coiimunity Easi 10 68 (continued) Horizontal Niemntrg . Overproof value Relative dsacto results " _ No. Name of sensitive receptor position dine o (dB(A)) tlie road lineAof a:to le road(in) daytime Nighttim . Nighttim ______m rod_ day ime e Daytime_ e _~ 75 Xiongjiawan East 12 58.4 52.5 3.4 7.5 E X > 76 District Welfare Center West 2 57 5 43 5 2.5 -1.5 _ 77 Yuhua Mansion East 5 z 78 Yazhi Community East 5 72.3 65.8 17 3 20.8 c_ 79 Rongxing Mansion West 5 O = 80 Hankou Railway Middle 80 School Eat 150 59 5 /4 5 _ 81 Orient Star Garden South 10 63 0 61 3 8 16 3 , 82 Jiahai Huayuan North 10 Lodging School of No 6 Middle 55 8 51.5 0.8 6 5 0 83 South 20 Z School of Wuhan co______ 84 Balbuting Garden North 10 65 3 58.5 - 10 3 13.5 O 85 Changhang cadres' dormitory West 10 67 4 64 3 12 4 19.3 86 Red Cross Hospital of Jiang'an West 5 68.0 / 13 / : 87 Hubei Education College East 40 63 5 zZ 8 5 88 Zizhuyuan East 50 A _ 89 Jiahai mingyuan East 50 65 d <:C 64.5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~61 2 9 5 16 2 , 90 Century Garden East 50 6 91 Urban Field Garden East 50 . o 92 Ya'an Garden South 20 66 8 64 0 118 19 S:a 93 Luochang Residential Area South 20 644 616 94 166 _ 94 Changhang dormitory South 20 . 95 Science and Technology Palace North 40 58 0 3 96 Lujialing Primary School South 20 56.9 / 1.9 / ¢- 97 No 2 Staff's Hospital of WS South 60 53 5 45 5 -1 5 0.5 _ 98 Caijiawan Middle School North 110 57 5 _ 2.5 E 99 Donghu Agedness Mansions South 60 51 2 41 5 il.° 1 2 1 5 ¢, ~- X 100 Dazhou Village West 0 ', _/ 101 Wufeng Village West 0 62 9 528 7.9 78 v.z0 102 Agricultural Cadres' College West 100 56.8 / 1 8 / ' Y vw c- 103 Diya Garden West 10 64 9 62 0 9 9 17 CO,-. Both _02B c::< e 104 Nanhu Garden sd 10 64 8 5999 z 9 8 14 9 .n __ ~~~~ ~ ~ ~_ ~ ~~sidesZ a 1()5 Mwglunjic P8i5ary School 40 5 63 5 8 5 635 565 A -65 1 5 69 (continued) Horizontal Noise monitoring Overproof value Relative ~~results Ovrofvau Road Name of sensitive Relatve distance to (dB(A)) . 0(dl(A)) sectionNo. ~~receptor pOIIn red line of to line road (m) daytime Nighttim Daytime Nighttim dayime e Daytim e Sixin EC Avenue 58.5 468 - 115 8.2 (RDI 29) a , Old Hansha Highway 68.5 61.5 s m -15 65 (RDI 6) .coP 106 Yunhe Residential Area South 30 Nanniwan - viaduct 107 Miaoyi Kindergarten North 30 67.8 59.5 12 8 14.5 (RD1 13) 108 Fazhan Vilage Both 20 sides Q Changqing Q Rd viaduct 109 Huangjiadawan South 0 65.9 64.5 _ 10.9 19.5 (RD I I c) _ __ Xinhuaxia 110 Gusaoshu's Prmary Under 0 / / Rd viaduct School 69 5 14 5 (RDI Id) III Gusaoshu Under 0 658 20 8 Sanjitant viaduct 112 Houhu Primary School North 0 61 8 / E 6 8 / (RD1 le) s 00 viaduct Guoc,kou Residential West 20 67 7 63.5 Z 12 7 18.5 (RD2 5) Area 113 Changtai Mansion East 20 Zhalankou 76.2 75 6 m 21 2 30.6 viaduct 114 Ezhou Mansion West 20 (RtJ2 4) 115 Fangtai Real Estate Co West 50 72.5 71.5 m 17.5 26.5 Lizhi viaduct 116 Liqiao Primary School South 10 48.5 E 6.5 (RD] 3c) _ __ _ Xianggang Rd viaduct 117 Xianggang Rd residence West 10 73.5 70.5 18.5 25.5 (RD2 7) Gutian Rd 2 viaduct Without sensitive receptor I 63.5 59 5 2 -6.5 4.5 (RDI 3b) _ Qingling viaduct I m to road side 1 73.5 68.5 < 3 5 13 5 (RD2 5) _Cm Southemr Luoshi Rd 0 viaduct I m to road side 1 59.5 47.5 -10 5 -7 5 (RDI 3d) Yuj awan E viaduct I m to road side I 65 5 57 5 . -4.5 2 5 (RDI 3) oct> Qiaokou Rd viaduct I m to road side 1 72 5 71 5 2 5 16 5 (RD2 3) m Xunlimen 0 viaduct I m to road side 1 71 5 69 5 1 5 -0 5 (RD2 6) Ramps of Changpang Highway I mnto road side 1 67 5 59 6 -2 5 4 5 Bndge (RD2 _) 70 Table 4.5-2 Monitoring Results of Current Situation of Noise from Road Boundary Position of Current situation of Width monitoring noise at the boundary > ' Overproof value Road section of road point of road . (dB(A)) (m) (distance to d road (m)) Daytime Nighttime W4 Daytime Nighttim e JiefangAvenue(RMI I1-RMI 3) 60 1 75 5 73.8 _ 5.5 18.8 Hanyang Avenue(RMI.8) 50 1 73.8 70.2 s 3.8 15 2 ZhongshanAvenue(RMlI 11) 20 1 76 5 73.5 co 6.5 18 5 Heping Avenue(RM 1.9) 60 l 74 5 70.5 N n 4.5 15 5 Wangqing Hlighway(RM1.7) 16 1 68.5 61.5 ; c Uptostandard 6 5 Souther Jiefang Rd(RM 1.6) 15 1 70.9 58 5 EX 0.9 3.5 Gutian Main Rd(RMI.10) 30 1 711 56.5 1I 1 5 Wusheng Rd(RM1.4) 50 1 75.2 72 5 Z 5.2 17 5 4.5.4 Assessment of Baseline Environmental Noise According to the monitoring results of current situation of environmental noise, the existing environmental noise is as follows. Noise Levels at New and Upgrading Roads Except that eight sensitive receptors (dormitory of the Hubei Provincial People's Court, Hubei Provincial People's Court, Shahu Mansion and Hongling Primary School beside Zhongbei Road, clinic of Wuhan Science and Technology University and New Tuanjie Village beside Qinyuan Road; Cuijiadun residential areas and Liqiao Primary School) which met Class I standards in GB 3096-93, all other 117 environmental sensitive receptors exceeded Class I standards. This is equivalent of 93% of all the sensitive receptors. Basically, the noise was very high in the urban built up areas, such as Taibeiyi Road, Hong Kong road, Lugouqiao road, Xihuaxialu intersection, and Lianshankou intersection. The monitored noise levels at these areas exceeded the applicable standards by as much as 21 dB(A) during the day time and over 30 dB(A) at night. In less developed areas such as Qinyuan road, Hanxier road, Qinghua road, the noise levels either met the standards or exceeded only slightly. Clearly, the main noise sources are urban traffic. This further indicates that the city wide whole day average noise levels published in the environmental bulletin do not fully reflect the actual noise conditions in the city. The specific road side noise levels for each of the sensitive receptors are better indications of the actual noise baseline in the city particularly roadside areas. Noise Levels along the Roads in Maintenance Componenis In the road maintenance component of this project, noise in daytime and at nighttime at Jiefang Avenue, Hanyang Avenue, Heping Avenue, Gutian Main Road, Wusheng Road and Southern Jiefang Road all exceeded the applicable standards. Roadside noise of Wangqing Highway met the standard in the daytime but exceeded at night. The main noise sources are again urban traffic. Environmental Noise at Key Sensitive Receptors The important environmental sensitive receptors along the project roads include 19 schools, one kindergarten, six hospitals and two seniors homes. As seen in Table 4.5-3, noise levels Changhang Unversity, Youyinlu Middle School, No. 11 Hospital, First Chinese Mechin Hospital and Minyin Hospital had all exceeded 70 dB(A). Under the current conditiosn, because of the high noise background at these sensitive receptors, education and health care activities at these must be conducted behind the closed windows; otherwise these activities cannot be carried out properly in the high noise environment. The table shows noise levels at eleven sensitive receptors were at the levels between 60-70 dB(A). When windows are closed, the indoor nois e would be below 60 dB(A) but noise levels can be up to 65 dB(A) if the windows at these locations are open. Depending on the situation of the time, these sensitive operations may or may not have to close their windows during classes or medical care activities. Noise levels at seven sensitive receptors were between 55-60 dB(A) and normally the indoor noise would be at or less than 55 dB(A) and normal classes and other noise sensitive activities can be carried out without disturbance at these levels. For the remaining five sensitive receptors, noise levels were very low and indoor noise was typically below 50 dB(A). There is an excellent acoustic environrnent around these sensitive receptors. 72 Table 4.5-3 Environmental Noise at Key Environmental Sensitive Receptors Nearest Monitoring results horizontal of noise Name of Sensitive distance CdB(A)) Current situation analysis of environmental noise Receptor to red line of road daytime Nighttime Changhang Staff's Univ 3.5 71.1 / Junior Middle School of No.6 Middle School of 3 66.1 Exceed standard Class I in GB 3096-93, but indoor noise Wuhan is lower than 60 dB(A) after closing windows, according Mofanlu Primary 1 61.6 / to investigation, it can meet basically the requirements of School normal teaching environment at present Xiangyu Middle School 15 56.4 / Wuhan Financial and 23 61.5 Trade Vocational School Hongling Primary 7 4 50 7 It can meet basically the requirements of normal teaching School . environment at present. Primary School of 71 66.1 Automobile Factory Exceed standard Class I in GB 3096-93, but indoor noise Aimin Primary School 3.8 62.7 / is lower than 60 dB(A) after closing windows; according Youyilu Middle School 0 72.5 to investigation, it can meet basically the requirements of Hankou Railway Middle normal teaching environment at present. School 150 59.5 Lodging Schoolof No. It can meet basically the requirements of normal teaching 6 Middle School of 20 55.8 51 5 evrneta rsn Wuhan environment at present Hubei Education School 40 63.5 / Lujialing Primary 20 56 9 School Caijiawan Middle 110 57.5 / School Agricultural Cadres' Exceed standard Class I in GB 3096-93, but indoor noise College 100 56.8 / is lower than 60 dB(A) after closing windows; according MinglunjiePrimary to investigation, it can meet basically the requirements of School Primary 5 63.5 / normal teaching environment at present. .:' Miaoyi Kindergarten 30 67.8 Gusaocun Primary 0 69.5 School Houhu Primary School 0 61.8 / No. 11 Hospital of 6 72 9 69.7 Exceed standard Class I in GB 3096-93, but indoor noise Wuhan is lower than 60 dB(A) after closing windows, according First Clinic of Chinese 71 5 / to investigation, it can meet basically the requirements of Medical normal hospital environment at present Liqiao Primary School 10 48.5 / Clinic of Wuhan It can meet basically the requirements of normal hospital Science and Technology 14 3 53.4 / environment at present University Minyi Hospital 8 70 5 Exceed standard Class I in GB 3096-93, but indoor noise is lower than 60 dB(A) after closing windows, according Red Cross Hlospital of 5 68.0 / to investigation, it can meet basically the requirements of Jiang'an District normal hospital environment at present. NO.2 Staffs Clinic of 60 53 5 45 5 It can meet basically the requirements of normal hospital WS environment at present. It can meet basically the requirements of normal District Warfare Center 2 57 5 43.5 sanatorium environment at present Donghu Agedness 60 51 2 41 5 basicallyExceed standardthe requirementsClass 0 in GBof 3096-93;normal itsanatorium can meet environment at present 73 Comparison of Environmental Noise with Other Areas in the City According to the Environmental Bulletin of Wuhan City and noise monitoring results in this EA, the comparison between baseline environmental noise in the project areas and that in other urban areas is shown in Table 4.5-4. Table 4.5-4 Comparison of Baseline Environmental Noise with Other Urban Areas Type of Average Name of road Y environmental Main noise sources Road/Traffic conditioins engineering noise dB(A) Taibei Rd I Rebuilding of 65 9 Automobile noise impact TaibeiRd I existing road 659 Atmbl os mat flowRoad hasn't be through, less traffic Xianggang Rd Rebuilding of 70.9 Automobile noise impact More trafficflow, frequent tooting existing road Northern I Road hasn't be through, less traffic Zhongshan Rd New road 58.0 Automoble noise Impact flow Without obvious noise Qinyuan Rd New road 51.7 source Without obvious noise source s itourceio s nos Hanxi Rd 2 New road 54 6 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source source Maying Rd New road 60 6 Domestic noise Domestic noise Yanhe Avenue New road 52 0 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source source______Youyi Rd Rebuilding of 69.6 Automobile noise impact Road narrow, less traffic flow existing road Meizi Rd New road 54 6 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source source Dazhi Rd Rebuilding of 70 1 Automobile noise impact Road narrow, less traffic flow existing road Road hasn't be through, less traffic Houhu Rd New road 58 4 Automobile noise Impact flow Lugouqiao Rd Rebuilding of 65 6 Automobile noise impact Road narrow, less traffic flow existing road Huangpu Rd Rebuilding of 63 4 Automobile noise impact Road narrow, less traffic flow existing road Road hasn't be through, less traffic Jianshe Avenue New road 63 0 Automobile noise impact flow Qinghua Rd New road 51 0 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source source Industrial New road 59.5 Domestic noise Domestic noise Avenue South Luoshi New road 52 9 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source Rd source Shipailing Rd New road 63 9 Automobile noise impact Road hasn't be through, less traffic ______~~~~~~~~~~flow Rebuilding of . Road hasn't be through, less traffic Jisan Rd existing road 62 2 Automobile noise Impact flow Jinshui Rd Rebuilding of 61 3 Automobile noise Impact Road hasn't be through, less traffic existing road flow . Road hasn't be through, without Hanxi Rd New road 61 2 Construction of light rail vehicle Sixin Avenue New road 54.6 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source ______source Old Hansha Rebuilding of 66 2 Automobile noise impact Road narrow. less traffic flow Highway existing road Nanniwan Road hasn't be through, less traffic viaduvia duct iaduct 65 0 Automoble noise impact flow Viaduct on Road hasn't be through, less traffic Gutian Rd 2 New viaduct 62 2 Automobile noise impact flow Changqing Rd . Road hasn't be through, less traffic viaductviaduct _ New. viaduct 65 4 Automobile noise impact flowfo 74 (continuded) T~peof Average Name of road engineering environmental Main noise sources Road/traffic conditions enginering noise dB(A) Xinhuaxia Rd . Road hasn't be through, less traffic viaduvia duct iaduct 68.3 Automobile noise Impact flow Sanjintan New viaduct 59 9 Automobile noise impact Road hasn't be through, less traffic viaduct New flow Guocikou New viaduct 66.3 Automobile noise impact Road hasn't be through, less traffic viaduct flow Zhalankou New viaduct 74 1 Automobile noise impact More trafficflow,frequent tooting viaduct Qingling New viaduct 71 8 Automobile noise impact More trafficflow, frequent tooting viaduct South Luoshi New viaduct 55 5 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source Rd viaduct source ______obvious______source Lizhi viaduct New viaduct 45.8 Without obvious noise Without obvious noise source source Elevated Newwviduct 62 8 Railway crossing, people Road hasn't be through, less traffic Briatdgewvidct 6 stream large flow Qiaokou Rd New viaduct 72.2 Automobile noise impact More trafficflow, frequent tooting viaduct Xianggang Rd New viaduct 72 5 Automobile noise impact More trafficflow, frequent tooting viaduct ______Xunlimen viaduct New viaduct 70 8 Automobile noise impact More trajfic flow, frequent tooting Ramps of Changjang New viaduct 64.8 Automobile noise impact Road narrow, less traffic flow highway Bridge Jiefang AN enue Road 74 9 Atutomobile noise impact More traffic flow, frequent tooting maintenance Hanyang Road 72.6 Automobile noise impact More traffic flow, frequent tooting Avenue maintenance Zhongshan Road 75.5 Automobile noise impact More tragfcflow, frequent tooting Avenue maintenance Heping Avenue Road 73.2 Automobile noise impact More trafficflow, frequent maintenance tooting Wangqmng Road Road hasn't be through, less traffic Highway maintenance 6 flow South Jiefang Road 66 8 Automobile noise impact Road narrow, less traffic flow Rd maintenance Gutian main Road Road hasn't be through, less traffic Rd maintenance 66.2 Automobile noise Impact flow Wusheng Rd Road 74 3 Automobile noise impact More traffcflow, frequent tooting maintenance Notes I The italics in the table express the cause of environmental noise higher than that in the other areas, and the block letters in the table express the cause of environmental noise lower than that in the other areas, 2 0 m expresses that the edge of the sensitive building is located on the red line of road The above table shows that in all intersections as well as busy roads in the city center such as Hong Kong road, Jiefang road, Zhongshan road, Heping road and Wushn road, noise levels typically exceed the 70 dB(A) standard, significantly higher than other parts of the city and the city avereage noise level. This is because these project roads and intersections are narrow and among the busiest in the city with high traffic flows. Traffic jams occur often and vehicle horning is frequent and wide spread. In other project roads such as Taibeiyi road, Zhongshanbei road, etc. however, noise levels are on average below 70 dB(A). Although these roads are in the urban built up areas but because the roads are not well connected and integrated with other roads and the network, the traffic is relatively low, resulting in relatively low noise levels. For the remaining project sections, since the roads are still in proposal, there 75 is no or little traffic. Thus the noise levels are significantly lower than other part of the city. Clearly, noise levels in the project areas are closely related to traffic volumes which in turn primarily related to the road conditions. The project would extend in all typical areas in terms of noise baseline in the urban areas, from high noise zones to the relatively quiet zones. 4.6 Assessment on Current Situation of Vibration Environment 4.6.1 General Description of Baseline Vibration According to the characteristics of this project and the type of vibration it may generate, main vibration of this project are from construction and operation of the road infrastructure, particularly elevated viaduct and interchanges. The road infrastructure component proposes to construct and upgrade 27 new or existing roads, 14 new viaducts, 8 new pedestrian underpasses and 9 pedestrian overhead bridges. Of which, the proposed upgrading roads have the characteristics of narrow roads and broken surface. The surrounding environment of this kind of road is mainly impacted by traffic vibration. Since the road standard is relatively low and the traffic volume is small, the current environmental vibration meets the requirements of GB 10070-88 "Standard of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area". The surrounding environment of the new roads belongs to the urban undeveloped area. In this area, there are no existing roads or existing roads are not fully integrated with the road network. As such most of this areas are not disturbed by traffic vibration and the environmental vibration meets the standards for mixed residential and commercial center area. The road maintenance component includes eight roads and one bridge. These roads are the trunk roads of the city and as such traffic vibration is relatively high and exceeds the applicable standard. 4.6.2 Vibration Environment Monitoring In order to understand the baseline vibration conditions at the project area, a vibration monitoring program was proposed and conducted during this EA. The details of this programs are as follows. Monitoring Standard and Specification The measurement of environmental vibration is based on GB 10070-88 "Standard of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area". Measuring Instruments This measurement of environmental vibration used HS5933A environmental vibration analyzer. Before being used, the measuring instrument was calibrated which has passed the annual test by the metrological and calibration department. The measurement of road traffic vibration used Denmark B & K 3560 multi-passageway noise and vibration analyzer and 76 4507B type acceleration sensor. Measuring Time, Method andAssessment Value Measurement of environmental vibration was conducted in daytime from 6:00 to 22:00 and at night from 22:00 to 6:00. One measurement was taken at daytime and one time at night respectively. The measuring time for each measurement was no less than 1000 seconds. Measurement of environmental vibration was conducted in accordance with the "random vibration" measuring method in the "Measuring Methods of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area". The measurement value of environmental vibration was Z vibration level at plumb direction, and accumulated percentage Z vibration level VLzlo was regarded as the assessment value. For vibration speed, vertical and horizontal vibration speeds were recorded. The peak values of the vibration speed were regarded as the assessment values. Measuring Point Selection and Description The principles of vibration monitoring point selection are mainly for selecting sensitive receptors such as residence, school, hospital. These sensitive receptors had been identified and determined through the detailed site investigation during an earlier stage of this EA. Typical and representative such sensitive receptors were selected for vibration baseline monitoring. In addition, monitoring points would also help in vibration impacts forecast and assessment. Based on the distribution of the sensitive receptors around the project roads, as well as the EA TOR, the vibration monitoring program selected baseline vibration monitoring points in sensitive receptors. The detailed distribution and positions of the monitoring points are shown in Table 4.6-1 and in Figures 4.6-1 through 4.6-16. 4.6.3 Monitoring Results of Baseline Vibration The vibration monitoring results at selected vibration sensitive receptors and monitoring points around the new and upgrading roads of this project are shown in Table 4.6-1. -77 Table 4.6-1 Main Vibration Sensitive Receptors and Monitoring Results of Current Situation of Their Environmental Vibration Sensitive receptor Monitoring results Name of Name of Nearest No. of Distance Distance P Figure No. of' sensitive corresponding distance to red measuring tothe to the Position oftthe Main variation number section receptor road line of the Number 9ructure Building point proposed existing measuring point Daytime Nightfime sources appendix) (m) V I Third Municipal Taibei Road I 0 6 Bnck concrete 1977 VI 0 4 residential building 58 3 57 8 road ac (appendix) Junior Middle School 05motietahn V2 of Noti6Wuhan Taibei Road I 3 6 Bnck concrete 1995 V2 3 / buidtng 48 5 / Crowd activity 4 6-1 Middle School V3 New Mofan Taibei Road I 5 5 7- 8 Brick concrete i980s V3 5/05 m outside 52 0 51 3 Crowd activity 4 6-2 ______Village ______residential building 0 5 m outside clinic Crowd activity, V4-1 6 21 and inpatient 67 3 67 5 road traffic 4 6-3 V4 No Is Wuhan Xianggang Rd 6 8 Framework 2001 floormnsideldings V4-2 8 21 seventh-floor of 60 5 61 8 Crowd activity, 4 6-3 inpatient department road traffic V5 Materials Bureau Xianggang Rd I 6 Bnck concrete 1978 V5 13 05 m outside 65 0 64 5 Road traffic, 4 6-3 V6 CommunityYousan Youyi Rd 0 5 Brick concrete 1954 V6 0 505 residentialm outside building 64 0 64 0 crowdRoad activitytraffic, 4 6-4 V7 Wutal Youyi Rd 3 13 Framework 1996 V7 3 14 0 5 m outside 60 5 60 8 Road traffic, 4 6-5 Community _ residential building crowd activity V8 No 2 Jianshe Street A e 6 Plate 1979 V8 4 15 m outside 600 570 Road traffic, 46-6 V8 I ~~~~YanheAvenue 4 lt 99 V 7 residential building 60____57 _ crowd activity 466 V9 Locang Residenial Jianshe Avenue 0 7 Bnck concrete 1980s V9 0 0 5 m outside 52 8 51 5 Crowd activity 4 6-7 Area__ ___residential building ______V1O SoaalWarfareCenter Meizi Rd 2 23 Bnckconcrete 1992 V10 2 0 5 m outside 50 3 49 3 Crowd activity 4 6-8 of Hanyang District dormitory buildin _ _55___rowd_ativit 4_6_9 Saning0 5 m outside 5 V iI1 Mansions Maying Rd 2B7nck concrte 1999 VII2 t residential bnunildi 55 3 55 0 Crowd activity 4 6-9 78 Fig.4.6-1: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results N 1: 2000 bmU MaIDznctCOUrt VV 0.5m outside room ro CD&rnItOR3 of Poo& Ffy o o ~~~\\ \ \ 8 L\ < 5/ / V2 0.5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~omitteesiddescool |~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V 0Nobe o| Montoin Points m3~~~~iJOll Resui *,a Fig.4.6-2: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results N 1: 2000 16~~~~~~~~~- V3 0.5m outside room Sample 'A monitoring Points Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points \ S3 ZlMonitoring Results, dB Figure 2 2 Publ ic Tr-ansitCStaTion ;- _,2 ;- * n*_, -- 1;r. r ; .<{- -~ ~ ' < ~ -mg7 '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T7n2, r,=< r=X00_t tIst i ; ^ ,L .,.,t sx4 ;<8;,>rX0w;g t"4:,t' f f 0 f /,X MA . <0 ;'_ W- f2,,f@sl - : s . -, K .- ...... ~~..,- PMr,rv; 5r|||- Fig.4.6-4: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 ~~~~~~~~N C 5J5 YUW?zYm IL /~~ Jiefang Avenue V6 0.5m outside room Sample A Monitoring Points I NI 64.0 Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points mI1-] Monitoring Results, dB Fig.4.6-5: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 N ~~~~~~~~~~~~l\ Sample V7 0.5m outside room A Monitoring Points VX Nomber of Monitoring Points N 60.8 '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'~~~~'~~ Monitorin Resulta,dH Fig.4.6-6: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 N VB 0.5m outside room Sample A Monitoring Points Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points mDT-__I Monitoring Rsults dB Fig.4.6-7: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 41 0 &kv" amd tAdn&WgPflace Jianshe Avenue :' imaC Cg d -- V 0.5m outside room Sample N 61.5 A monitoring Points Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points m~T~I Monitoring Results, dB Fig.4.6-8: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 N V10 O.5m outside room Sample A Monitoing Points Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points mIf~1 lAMnitoring Results, dB Fig.4.6-9: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 N Maying Rd X Sample Vll 0.5m outside room _ * Id~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~onitoringPoints Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points e 50 Monitoring Resuts, dB Fig.4.6-10: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 N V12 0.5m outside room |D16381 / / Sample NI~I~II A Monitoring Points Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points Monitoring Results, dB Fig.4.6-11: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 DMUAMof \ / Pdma S&C21 /13 0.5m outside room Sample A lMonitoring Points Vx Nomber of lfonitoring Points MIonitoring Result, dB Fig.4.6-12: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 N Qinghua Rd Ka. staff hosita of Ns V14 0.5m outside room r! -I ._ 1 l Sample 1 2 A Mvonitoring Pointa VX Nomber of l(onitaring Points Monitoriug Resulta, dB Fig.4.6-13: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 N L~Iz L Jisan Rd c LrV NuinhmX,jG3 | jn V15 0.5m outside roomS Samnpl1e Points A Monitoring Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points ID*F* Monitoring Results, dB Fig.4.6-14: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 V16 Floor inside room N 5.5~~~~~~~~~~~~14\i~3 _ hdeqrkDt~ Changfen Avenue V17 0.5m outside room Sample NIL~I~III A Monitoring Points Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points m'IJ- Monitoring Results. dB LFJ.- Fig.4.6-15: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 V18-2 Floor inside building V18-1 0.5m outside building Sample A Monitoring Points Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points /F /I Mmonitoring Reslts, dB Fig.4.6-16: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 V19-1 0.5m outside room Lugouqiao Rd c F= ornL of Ee*a4urtero OfXIO Amy V19-2 0.5m outside roo Sapl |D|648 I ~~~~~~~~~~~Sample N| T 59.5 A Monitoring Pointa Vx Nomber of Monitoring Points m lI1Monitoring Results, dB (continued) Monitoring results Sensitive receptor (VL,1 1 ) Distance Distance Figure No. of NmoNaetf Nearest distance No f tothe to the Position of the Main variation number NO.r| ensiti,ve corresponding rloby| Srctr 0 w| measuring7| |r D | slI |Dyie| Tioa section receittor corespodin to red line of the Number Srtre Building posuint proposed existing measuring point t* Nf sources (in receptor road ~proposed road of storey Srcue year pit road Cm) road (in) Daytime Nightime appendix) V128 V1 :ir\1Don-nriorv PIlastiICPldnt ot QiyaQ myuall Rdd2residential 7-8 Bnck concrete 1986 V12 2 / rs m outsidebuilding 63 8 56 8 roadCrowd construction activity, (appendix)4 6-10 Dormitory of V13 nHubeirecinical Nortlern 0 5-6 Bnck concrete 1975 V13 0 0 5 m outside 56 5 53 3 Crowd actvity 4 6-11 Supervision Zhongshan Rd residential building Bureau I.I I V14 No 2 Staf'rs Qinghua Rd 55 4-5 Bnck concrete 1980s V14 55 0 5 m outside clinic 50 2 Traffic vibration, 4 6-12 Clinilc of W S ______I__ building _ _ I______crow activity ______V15 Nanhu Garden Jisan Rd 5 6-7 Bnckconcrete 1990s V15 5 / 05 m utside 52 7 51 3 Crowd activity 4 6-13 ______~~~~~~~~~~residentialbuilding ______V16 kMidergarten Nanwan 7 Framework 1999 V16 3 second-floor ward 57 8 55 5 Crowd activity 4 6-14 V17 Second Fazhan viaduct0 6 Bnckeoncrete 1986 V17 0 0 5 m outside 59 0 59 3 Crowd activity 4 6-14 Vtllagvia uctresidential building ______VI 8-125 50 0OSm outside gate 52 8 48 0 VIX Wuchang J925shuwRd 25 3 Brick concrete 1981 8 tower Crowd activity 4 6-15 Uprising Gatec isu d2 3 Bikcnrt rebuilt V18-2 30 5S ground within gate of 48 5 48 8 ______~~~tower______Old site of New Vl9-I 0 0 0 5 m outside building 66 8 64 3 V19 | Fourth Arny in Iugouqlao Rd 0 2 Brick wood 1930s V 0 0 Traffic vibration, 4 6-16 _ l lankou V19-2 0 0 floor inside building 648 595 crowd activity 79 4.6.4 Analysis of Baseline Environmental Vibration As can be seen in Table 4.6-1, at the points impacted by traffic vibration, the VLZIo value was 50.2-67.3 dB in daytime and 57.0-67.5 dB at night. At these levels, vibration meets the standard for transport trunk roads as stipulated in GB 10070-88 "Standard of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area". For the points without traffic vibration disturbance at present such as those proposed road alignment sites, the VLZIo value of environmental vibration was 45.8-63.8 dB in daytime and 48.0-59.3 dB at night, meeting the standard for the mixed residential and commercial zones. For the roads covered by this baseline environmental vibration monitoring program, only Xianggang Road and Youyi Road have been in full operation and well connected with the road network. Taibeiyin Road is an dead-end road while Yanhe Avenue was under construction for part of the section. Jianshe Avenue, Meizi Road, Maying Road, Qinyuan Road and Qinghua Road are to be built roads during this project. Donghu Road to Donghuyin Road section of Northern Zhongshan Road has been completed, the Zhongshan Road to Zhongbei Road section is to be built. Based on the above-mentioned road conditions and corresponding monitoring results of environmental vibration, in some those roads with large traffic volumes, the environmental vibration value at the sensitive receptors was over 60 dB. But those with smaller traffic volumes, the environmental vibration value of the sensitive receptors is between 57 dB and 60 dB. In road sections under construction, the vibration value caused by construction in daytime was up to 63.8 dB, which is higher than that in the other sections without construction activities. the environmental vibration in most of proposed road alignment sites was mostly lower than 55 dB, indicating a good vibration environment. Clearly, the vibration is primarily caused by traffic volumes and construction activities. In the above-mentioned sensitive receptors, the Uprising Gate (V17) and Old Site of New Fourth Army in Hankou are provincial-level protective units. Of these sites, the Old Site of New Fourth Army is located in the intersection of Lugouqiao Road and Shengli Street. At this busy location, the site is disturbed by traffic vibration. Since the traffic volume is small however, the present environmental vibration in and outside the building is about 64.8-66.8 dB and 59.5-64.3 dB in daytime and at night respectively. At these levels, vibration meets the applicable standard. The Uprising Gate is located in the end of the Shouyi Road. Since the road is a dead-end, the current situation is not disturbed by traffic vibration, the environmental vibration is 48.5-52.8 dB and 48.0-48.8 dB in daytime and at night respectively. It is lower than the standard for the mixed residential and commercial zone. 4.7 Baseline Sunshine Environment 4.7.1 General Description This sunshine baseline assessment, as well as environmental impact forecast and assessment in a later chapter, mainly focuses on the sunshade impact of the newly built elevated 80 interchanges and viaduct on the buildings at both sides. For the buildings such as residence, school, kindergarten and hospitals, sufficient sunshine not only is of great significance to health, but also can increase indoor temperature in winter, and improve the quality of living environment. Therefore, baseline and impact forecasting of the elevated structure of this project on the sensitive receptors on both sides is of great significance for planning and controlling the buildings. Since there is no sunshine standard in China at present, this assessment adopts the standard on sunshine provided by Shanghai City and the relevant foreign architecture laws and regulations, as shown in Table 4.7-1. Table 4.7-1 Adopted Sunshine Standards Region Sources Scope of application Sunshine time Remarks Residential building Continuous I hours on Technical Regulations of Winter Solstice Shanghai Urban Planning and Kindergarten, middle Continuous 3 hours on Full-window sunshine City Management of Shanghai school, primary school Winter Solstice time City Hospital, sanatorium, Continuous 3 hours on ward Winter Solstice Recommended by the Continuous 1-2 hours on USA American Public Health Residential houses Winter Solstice Sunshine time at noon Association Berlin Berlin Architecture Laws and RegLilations All of living area 2 hours every day yetyarAt least 250 days each Since building density in the city proper of Wuhan is high, the baseline quality of sunshine environment is poor. Based on the current situation of sunshine environment in Wuhan City and the economic condition, the baseline description selects the sunshine percentage in winter, which is similar to the relevant regulation of Shanghai City, for the assessment. This parameter measures the full-window sunshine time of a building on Winter Solstice. The applicable standards are I hour minimum for normal buildings and 3 hours minimum for sensitive buildings such as kindergarten, schools and hospitals. This sunshine environmental assessment factor is full-window sunshine time AT, the Winter Solstice (December 22) is the day with least astronomical sunshine time in a year. So this day is regarded as the representative day for sunshine environmental baseline and for impact assessment. 4.7.2 Astronomical Parameters of Wuhan Region The geological location and astronomical parameters of Wuhan region are shown in Table 4.7-2. 81 Table 4.7-2 Geological Location and Astronomical Parameters of Wuhan Region Item Value Remarks Latitude (p North latitude 30'38' Longitude X East longitude 114°17' Solar declination o -23027' Sunrise time on the Winter Solstice Tsunrnse 06 59 16 h=0°,A=62°30' Sunset time on the Winter Solstice T.us 17 00 44 h=00,A=62030' Astronomical sunshine time on the Winter Solstice in Wuhan: AT=Tsunrise-Tsunsct=l 0.02 h Sunshine time and sunshine percentage of Wuhan City are shown in Table 4.7-3. Table 4.7-3 Sunshine Time and Sunshine Percentage of Wuhan City Item Whole year December January February Sunshine time (h) 2058.4 137.1 124.6 111 7 Percentage (%) 46 43 39 36 4.7.3 General Situation of Building Density in Wuhan The building density in Wuhan City can be described by using sunshine spacing coefficient percentage 4. The sunshine spacing coefficient percentage 4 is the ratio between the actual statistical value of sunshine spacing coefficient of a city and the theoretical value of sunshine spacing coefficient calculated by the astronomical parameters of the city. This coefficient percentage, defined below, stands for building density of a city. C= b/lb' where, lo is the actual adopted statistical value of sunshine spacing coefficient; lo' is the theoretical value of sunshine spacing coefficient. Based on the attached figure in the architecture design specifications issued to the public, the statistical values of sunshine spacing coefficient percentage of main cities in China are listed in Table 4.7-4. Table 4.7-4 Sunshine Spacing Coefficient Percentage of Main Cities Region Latitude 1e' 1|l (%) Sunshine percentage in winter (0) Wuhani 30038' 1 30 I 10'-1 20 84 6-92 3 39 Beijing 39057' 2 00 1 80-2 00 90 0' 1000 67 Nanjing 32004' 1.46 I 00-1 50 68 5-102 7 46 T-ianjlin 39008' 1 93 1 70 88 0 62 Chengdu 30°40' 1.35 i 00- 1 30 74 0-96 3 21 Changclhun 43053' 2 39 2 00 83 7 66 Xl'an 34015' 158 150 95 0 43 Fuzhou 26005' 1 10 1 20 109 1 36 Shanghai 31012' 1 40 I 00-1 10 71 4-786 43 The above table shows that, the percentage of actual statistical value of sunshine spacing 82 coefficient of Wuhan City in the theoretical value is low among the listed cities. It shows that the building density of Wuhan is high. The sunshine percentage in winter is 39%; it also takes the middle or lower level in the whole country. Therefore, the quality of sunshine environment is poor. 4.7.4 Sunshine Baseline of the Project Area General baseline of the environmental sensitive buildings around the proposed elevated structures of this project is shown in Table 4.7-5. Table 4.7-5 Sunshine Sensitive Buildings around Proposed Elevated Structures General situation of sensitive building CoresondngWidth Directly Name of engineering Corresponding of road Relative Nearest horizontal Storey affected (m) Name location to distance to red line of road of road (m) buildin peopulaton Qinghua Rd (Donghu Port-Wangqing Newly built Without sensitive Highway) Elevated road building Rd Xindun Viaduct Gutian Rd 2 40 W bliout sensitive Changqing Rd viaduct Changqing Rd 50 F-luangpadawvan South side 0 2-3 300-odd Gusaoshu Primary School North side 0 1-2 500-odd Gusaoshu viaduct Xinhuaxia Rd 50 No1v Gusaoshu North side 0 1-5 300-odd New Sanjintan viaduct Daihuang 50 Houhu Primary School North side 0 1-2 500-odd Highway_____ Wuxian Without sensitive Qingling viaducr Highway 50 building Yujiawan viaduct Railway 40 Wbthout sensitive Yunhe residential area South side 30 7 1500-odd Nanniwan viaduct Railway 40 Miaoyi Kindergarten North side 30 2 200-odd I______I____ I______Fazhan Village Both sides 20 6-7 2000-odd 4.7.5 Assessment of Basline Sunshine Environment This project proposes to build Xindun (Gutian Road 2) viaduct, Changqing Road viaduct, Sanjintan (New Daihuang Highway) viaduct, Qingling (Wuxian Highway) viaduct, Yujiawan viaduct and Nanniwan viaduct. The sites of these viaducts are located in the jointing area of district and suburb of Wuhan where the existing building density is not high. As the spacing coefficient of building is near to the theoretical value, the sunshine environment is good. The site for proposed Gusaoshu (Xinhuaxia Road) viaduct is located in the downtown area with dense population, the building density at both sides of road is higher than most parts of the city, and the spacing between the buildings is small. Most of spacing between the buildings in this area is 1.5-2.0 m. Based on the trend of road, this sunshine environmental baseline assessment plots sunshine time drawing for the Winter Solstice. Based on the sunshine time calculated drawing, widths of planned red line of the roads and the heights of the houses at both sides of the roads, sunshine time of the buildings at both sides of roads on Winter Solstice is calculated. An 83 assessment is made for the baseline situation of sunshine according to the assessment standard. All the sunshine sensitive buildings of this project are located at both sides of the roads with east-west trend. They face south or north basically with buildings on the north side having the sunshine time AT=10.02 hours. The sunshine time AT of the north wall of the south buildings is 0 hour. Therefore, the sunshine time of the north-faced room of the house at the south side of the east-west roads can not meet the corresponding sunshine standard. The current sunshine baseline of the bottom-window house at the north side of the east-west roads is related with the width of road red line. The relation between the baseline sunshine of the first floor windows at north side of the roads on Winter Solstice and the width of the red line of road is shown in Table 4.7-6. Table 4.7-6 Relation between Baseline Sunshine of the North House with First Floor Windows and the Width of the Red Line of Road Width of the planned red Limited height of the front building Limited height of the front building when it line ,m) when it meets that sunshine time is more meets that sunshine time is more than I line (in) than 3 hours on Winter Solstice (m) hour on Winter Solstice (m) 60 36 41 50 29 33.5 40 24 29 25 14 18 Note: the above limited height of the front building includes the height of 1.0 m windowsill Based on calculation, the current sunshine time of the first floor windows of the houses of the sunshine environmental sensitive buildings at the project roads is shown in Table 4.7-7. Table 4.7-7 Baseline Sunshine of the First Floor Window of the Sensitive Buildings Current sunshine Sunshine Name of Name of sensitive Relative location to time of bottom Sundard Whether up to engineering receptor road window on Winter (h) standard Solstice (h)(h Changqing Huangjiadawan South side O I Not up to Road viaduct Hunjaaa ot ie01standard Gusaoshu Gusaoshu Primary North side 10 3 Up to standard viaductviaduct GusaoshuSchool__ _ North_ _ _ side______10 _ _ _ _ _ I Up to standard Sanjintan Houhu Primary North side 10 3 Up to standard viaduct School Yunhe residential South side Not up to area Sot sd 01standard Nanniwan Miaoyi Kindergarten North side 10 3 Up to standard viaduct South side not up viaductVillage Botli sidesSouth side Oh. to standard, Fazhan Village Both sides North side 10 h 1 north up to standard Table 4.7-7 shows the following baseline sunshine conditions: Po All the sensitive buildings of near the project sites are not impacted by the nearby building with respect to sunshine. XC The sunshine time AT of the north windows of buildings at the south side of roads is nil. The north windows of the sensitive buildings such as Huangjiadawan and Yunhe residential 84 areas and Fazhan Village (south side) cannot meet the corresponding sunshine standards. These locations are not suitable for the houses with the functions of medical treatment, recreation or living. AR The sunshine time AT of the south windows of buildings at the north side of roads is about AT=10.02 hours. For the south windows of the first row of houses (neighboring the roads) of the sensitive buildings such as Gusaoshu Primary School, Gusaoshu, Houhu Primary School, Miaoyi Kindergarten and Fazhan Village (south side), the sunshine time of the bottom windows on Winter Solstice is more than 3 hours. The baseline can meet the corresponding sunshine standard. 4.8 Baseline Surface Water Environment 4.8.1 General Description of Drainage System in Wuhan City There are many rivers and lakes in Wuhan City. With Changjiang River and Hanjiang Rive as dominant water bodies there is extensive network of rivers, creeks, channels, lakes and ponds. 2 The water area of Wuhan city is 2143.6 km , which is about a quarter of the total area of the city. At present, drainage in Wuhan city proper mainly depends on natural terrain. Storm water is drained into rivers or lakes through sewers, culverts, ditches, water gates or pump stations. The topography of Wuhan region is low lying and flat, except a few foothills in Wuchang and Hanyang. The ground elevation of the most plain area is 22-26 m, which is lower than the water levels of the Changjiang River and Hanjiang River at the flood season. All the water gates along the rivers are closed during the flood season and as such, storm water and sewage need to be pumped into the rivers through pump stations except a few lakes which can still be drained directly. At non-flood season, rainwater and sewage can flow into rivers, as well as the lakes, through gravity. The drainage area of Wuhan city is divided into Wuchang, Hanyang and Hankou three sections, which forms 22 drainage systems with a total catchment area of 198 km2. In the main city proper, such as Hankou, Hanyang and in the old towns of Wuchang, the drainage system is combined sewers. In the Shuiguohu district in Wuchang section, Qingshan district in Hankou section and the Zhuankou and Donghu Development Zone in Hanyang section, the drainage system was established after the 1990s which are separate systems. There is no systematical drainage system in Luojialu district in Wuchang section, Northern district, Tijian and Liuhegou districts in Hankou section. Drainage in these districts depends on the ditches for agricultural irrigation. Details of the drainage system can be seen in Figure 4.8-1. Main storm sewer systems within the scope of this project are as follows: A Changfeng Nanbeiyuan System: it is located within the area west of Wangjiadun Airport, east of Etouwan, north of llanshui River bank and south of Zhanggongdi with a catchment area of 30.2 km2. Collected water in this system is pumped into rivers through the Lijiadun Pump Station in the suburb. 85 X Jichanghe System: it is located within the area east of Wangjiadun Airport, west of Xinhua Road, north of Yanjiang Avenue and south of Zhanggongdi, with a catchment area of 26.9 kM2. Collected water in this system flows into the Jichanghe box culvert and then pumped into Fuhe River through the Changqing Pump Station. X Huangxiaohe River System: it is located within the area east of the Jichanghe System, west of Dijiao, north of the Changjiang River system and Along-river system and south of Zhanggongdi, with a catchment area of 49.3 km2. Collected water in this system flows into the Jichanghe box culvert and open canal and then pumped into Fuhe River through the Houhu Pump Station. X Along-river System: it is located within the area east of Minzu Road in Zhongshan Avenue, west of the Changjiang River, ,north of Yanhe Avenue and south of Huangpu Road, with a catchment area of 5.4 km2. Collected water in this system is pumped into the Changjiang River through 4 pump stations. AX Yuehu River System. it is in charge of drainage for the Hangang district and Sixiaozha district, with a catchment area of 4.8 kM2. Collected water in this system is pumped into the Hanjiang River through the Sixiaozha and Hangang Pump Stations. X Yingwu System: it is located within the area east of Lanjiangdi, west of the Changjiang River, north of the Third Ring Line and south of Hanyang Avenue, with a catchment area of 9.8 kM2. Collected water in this system is drained into Moshuihu Lake through Wanjiaxiang water gate and into the Nantaizihu Lake through Liantongxiang, and finally it is pumped into the river through the Dogfeng Pump Station and Yingwu Pump Station. X Wuchang Shahu District: the catchment scope is from Shanhu Port to the bank of the Changjiang River and from the Snake Hill to the Qingshangang district, with a catchment area of 54.0 km2. Collected water in this system is pumped into the Changjiang River through the Qianjinlu Pump Station, Xinshenglu Pump Station, Luojialu Pump Station and Gangxi Pump Station. 4.8.2 Receiving Waterbodies of Drainage from this Project Main receiving water bodies concerned with this project are the Changjiang River, Hanjing River, Fuhe River, Donghu Lake, Shahu Lake, Nanhu Lakte, Moshuihu Lake and Nantaizihu Lake. Naturally, these waterbodies are subject to the potential impacts from project construction and operation activities. The detailed drainage flows from the project roads are shown in Table 4.8-1. 86 Fig.4.6-3: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Vibration Monitoring Points and Results 1: 2000 V4-1 0.5m outside room 8 D 67.3 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~PA V4-2 0.5m outside room |D |60.5 | I V5 0.5m outside room Sample D 65.0 N 1 64.5 A lonitoriog Points Yx Nombe of Monitoug Points mMonitoringRwIto, d Table 4.8-1 Drainage Whereabouts of Rainwater from the Roads of This Project Item Location Drainage Whereabouts North section of Eto Hah Highwa Current dispersed drainage; planning. from second Changqing Middle Ring Line ouwan-Hans Highway Pump Station to the Changjiang River Changfeng Avenue Changfeng Nanbieyuan System, to Changjiang River Huangpu Road Fazhan Avenue-Middle Ring Line Huangxiaohe System, from second flouhu Pump Station to Fuhe River Xianggang Road Jianshe Avenue-Xinhuaxia Rd Current Jichanghe System, from Changqing Pump System to Fuhe River; Planning from Huangpu Rd to Changjiang River Dazhi Road Jiefang Avenue-Jinghan Avenue From Huangpu Road to Changiang River Jianshe Avenue Huangpu Rd-Houhu Rd Jichanghe System. from Changging Pump Station to Fuhe River Youyi Road Zhongshan Avenue-Jiefang Avenue Yanjiang System. from Huangpu Rd to Changjiang River Houhu Road Huangpu Rd-Jiefang Avenue Jichanghe System from Changging Pump Station to Fuhe River Zhongshan Avenue Lugouqiao Rd-Huangpu Rd Yanjiang System from Huangpu Rd to Changjiang River Hanxi Road 2 Changfeng Rd-Jianshe Avenue Jichanghe System, from Changging Pump Station to Fuhe River Yanhe Avenue No 2 Jianghan Bridge-Gutian Main Rd Jichanghe System, from Changging Pump Station to Fuhe River Taibei Road I Yunlin Street-Sanyang Rd Yanjliang System from Huangpu Rd to Changjiang River Hanxi Road Jiefang Avenue-Yanhe Avenue Jichanghe System, from Changging Pump Station to Fuhe River Lugougiao Road Jiefang Avenue-Yanhe Avenue Yanjiang System from Huangpu Rd to Changjiang River East section of New Wuhuang Highway-Third Donghu Lake middle ring line Wuqing Trunk Rd Qinghua Road Donghu Port-Highwar 21 Donghu Lake Old Wuhuang Highway Jiufeng-Gedian Industrial Garden Donghu Lake Industrial Avenue Third Wuqing Trunk Rd-Qinghua Rd Wuchang Shahu district, from Luojia Rd Pump Station to Changjiang River South Luoshi Rd lHaogou-middle ring line Donghu Lake North Zhongshan Rd Fourth WuqAng Trunk Rd-Shahu Wuchang Shahu district, from Luojia Rd Pump Station to Changiang River Avenue______North Zhongshan Rd Shahu Avenue-Donghu Donghu Lake Qinyuan Road Heping Avenue-Zhongbei Rd Wuchang Shahu district, from Luojia Rd Plump Station to Changjiang River Jinshui Road Zhongshan Rd-South Shouyi Rd Changjiang River Shipailing Road Xiongchu Street-Jisan Rd Nanhu Lake Jisan Road Wuxian Highway-Xunsihe Rd Changjiang River Jisan Road Xunsihe Rd-Shipailing Rd Changliang River Old Hansha Highway Biandanshan-middle ring line Yingwu System, to Moshuihu Lake Meizi Road Qintai Rd-North Moshuihu Rd Yuehu System, to Hanjiang River Sixn Avenue Shisheng Rd-Yingwvu Avenue Current Nantaizi Lake, planning from Yangsigang Pump Station iito Changliang River Maying Road Middle Jiangdi Rd-yilgwu Avenue Yingwu System to Moshuihu Lake 4.8.3 Baseline Quality of the Receiving Waterbodies The "Environmental Quality Bulletin of Wuhan City in 2000" contains monitored water quality for all major water bodies in Wuhan, which are monitored by Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station on a regular basis. Those water quality information for receiving water bodies from the project roads, such as the Changjiang River, Fuhe River, Donghu Lake, Shahu Lake, Nanhu Lake, Moshuihu Lake and Nantaizihu Lake are used for water quality baseline description in this report. Details of water quality assessment against applicable standards are presented in Table 4.8-2. 87 Table 4.8-2 Baseline Water Quality of Water Bodies PotentiallyImpacted by the Project Class of Name of Applicable Main functions of water Standard Exceeding water standard .odyParameters (Exceeding, Results analysis body (GB3838-2002 body times) The Wuhan reaches of the One of the key water Changjiang River is polluted Wuhan sources of drinking water Total phosphors (0.4), mainly by nitrogen, phosphor and reaches of and industrial water supply total manganese (0 02). fecal coliform bacteria. The water Changjiang in Wuhan, and key Fecal coliform bacteria quality is better in general, but it River receiving water body of (1.7) forms several bank pollution belts drainage in Wuhan because of impact of the sewage drainage entrances along the bank. Receiving most domestic sewage and industrial wastewater from Hankou BOD5 (1 2) , ammonia Fuhe River is the key Fuhe River district, key nitrogen (5 1), sewage-receiving body of Wuhan, sewage-receiving and Total phosphors (3.5). its pollution situation is serious waterlogging -drainage Oil ( 1 6). COD (0.6) day by day. river way for main city proper of Hankou Since the sewage is drained into One of the sources of the lake from the districts around drinking water for Wuhan Ammonia nitrogen(2.8), it, the lake body is polluted by Donghu city, with the function of total nitrogen (10.5). organic oxygen-consuming matter II fishery and landscape, . and the nutriments such as Lake connected with the ( 8.7 ) fecal colform trogen and phosphor, the Changjiang River through bacteria (122) eutrophication of lake is serious, water gate in Qingshan port and the ecological balance is damaged BODs ( 0 7 ), ammonia nitrogen ( 3.7 ).. Totalnitrogen (14 5) Shahu Lake received part of Shahu Total phoshr (140). domestic sewage and industrial Lake 11 Fishery, sewage receivig total phosphors (I 0 wastewater from Wuhan district, COD ( 1.2).. pollution of lake body is serious Volatile hydroxybenzene (0.4) Ammonia nitrogen( 1.0)., Nanhu Fh r, r m nitrogen(.) Water quality of Nanhu lake is Lake 11 Fishery, sewage receiving total nitrogen (4.1),> better. Total phosphors ( 1.5) BODs (0.6) , ammonia Since most domestic sewage and Moshuiu mnitrogen (9 5), industrial wastewater from MoshuLhu 11 Fishery. sewage receiving Total nitrogen (21 7). Hanyang city proper is drained total phosphors (4 9), into the lake, the lake body is COD (0 2) polluted seriously Index of potassium Nantaizihu Lake is the receiving permanganate ( 0.9 ) , water body of the Wuhan Nantaizihu BODs (2.7). ammonia Economic and Technical Lake 11 Fishery, sewage receiving nitrogen ( 43 2 ) , total Development Zone, its water nitrogen (73 0). quality is polluted by industrial Total phosphors (9 1) wastewater and domestic sewage, COD ( 1.0) so it is worse. In general, water quality in the project area is poor and many parameters cannot meet the applicable standards. In particular, the lake water quality is worse since lakes have a limited assimilative and dilution capacity. The existing sources of water pollution are primarily untreated sewage and industrial effluents. Urban area runoff, include those from the road surface also contribute to the poor water quality in the receiving water bodies. 88 4.9 Water & Aquatic Life 4.9.1 Concerned water bodies Wuhan is located in the hinterland of the Jianghan Plain, crisscrossed by numerous rivers, creeks, lakes and ponds that may be inter-connected fonning a network of water bodies. This project extends over all three sections of Wuhan City involving the Wuhan section of the Yantze River, Wuhan section of the Hanjiang River, Wuhan section of the Fuhe River and the various lakes such as the Nanhu Lake and the East Lake. Off these water bodies, Yangtze river is a national landmark of China while the East Lake is a national scenery site and has been listed on the national wetland conservation list. The locations of the concerned waters in the three sections of Wuhan to be directly affected by this project and sensitive to the project construction and/or operation are described following section: Wuchang Section The water bodies relevant to this project include the East Lake, Nanhu Lake and Shahu Lake. East Lake The East Lake is the biggest inland lake in the urban area of Wuhan City. It has a broad lake area and a beautiful landscape. The water area of the lake is 31 kM2, with a lake shoreline of 111.5 km and an average water depth of 2.65 m with the deepest point of 4.5 m. The East Lake embraces many functions, including sightseeing attractions, water sports, support to aquatic and other wild life, water retaining and storage, flood control, and micro climate regulation due to its favorable natural conditions and abundant water resources. Furthermore, as a national level scenery site in Wuhan, as well as a wetland (although it is not included in any o the state wetland conservation lists), it has a very important position in Wuhan and is one of the most significant fresh water bodies in mid China, particularly in urban areas. Because of its importance, there will be a dedicated section below to provide further details of the baseline information about East Lake, including its scenery, ecosystem and values as a wetland. Nanhu Lake The Nanhu Lake belongs to the Tangxunhu Lake water system. The elevation of the lake bottom is 18.0 m, controlling water surface, 21.0 m, water conservation area, about 12 km 2 and the total holding capacity, about 24,700,000 mi3 . Nanhu lake is a site for aquatic life and sightseeing. The Shahu Lake The Shahu Lake has a water area of about 4.5 km2. It is a small lake with shallow water and originally was connected with the East Lake. Over the years, the lake has shrunken and 89 dis-connected with the East Lake as the city is becoming increasingly urbanized. Hanyang Section Water bodies relevant to the project in this section lof the city include the Hanjiang River, the Moshuihu Lake, Longyanghu Lake and the Moon Lake. The Hanjiang River is the biggest tributary that flows into the Yangtze River at the Wuhan section. It enters into Wuhan from Hanchuan County, cutting into the urban area of Wuhan at 8.5 km of the upper stream of the Qingduankou and stretching till to the Longwangmiao where it flows into the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River with a inner-urban length of about 27 km. Its breadth within Wuhan City is from 100 to 400 m, average gradient, 0.09%o, average flow rate, 1220 m3/s, average annual radial flow volume, 539,000,000 m3 and annual average flow velocity is 1.12 m/s. The Wuhan section of the Hanj iang River is the one of the drinking water resources of Wuhan City with 3 tap water intakes The Moshuihu Lake is a small-sized shallow lake of the Hanyang East Lake water system. It has a surface area of about 3.4 m 2, an average depth of 1.7 m, a water capacity of 4,400,000 m3, a strandline of 36 km and a water catchment area of about 21.9 km2. Over years, Moshihu lake has gradually developed into a tourist attraction and recreation area in Wuhan City. The Longyanghu Lake stands at the southeast of Wuhan City and is located within Hanyang section. It has a water area of I m 23, average depth of 1.4 m, lake capacity, 400,000 m3 and the catchment area of about 12.0 km2 . The Longyanghu Lake supports tourism and aquatic life. The Moon Lake has a water area of 0.29 m2 and the major function is tourism. The Hanyang Moon Lake Natural Conservation Area with the Moon Lake is located in the core area of the lake. Hankou Section Water bodies relevant to this project in this section of Wuhan include Yangtze River Wuhan section, Fuhe River Wuhan section and the Jiqidangzi (lake). Yangtze is the largest river of China and at Wuhan section, watercourses, tributaries and lakes are interconnected to form the urban water system. The Yangtze River and the Hanjiang River converge at Hankou, contributing to generate a special geographic position of the three sections of Wuhan. The annual average water level of this section of Yangtze river is 19.16 m, average flow rate. 23,500m 3/s, annual average flow volume is 741,100,000 m3 and average sediment concentration is 0.61 kg per m3. This section of Yangtze river is also one of the major drinking water resources of Wuhan Cit\ and there are five tap-water intakes. This section of Fuhe river is located at the northern edge of the HIankou section and its lower 90 WM1 4. 8-1 K-% KKt t %N Attached Drawing 4.8-1 Map of Distribution of Drainage.Engineering Projects in'Wuhan City HouhuPumP Station Ch.mg,ing PumPStatio.n lloulmPumpstatio &L11F"A-R IU --~~~~~~~~~~ 20 6 0 '2-' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~XY -' > ,, _,, iw. , , 1v , s 7 p 1l whenlP.B>, Fus h~~ ~z1 ~ ~~i~ , . _ , c sr j At. / >.z <' , u a-- = - 5 5 S , j t .t it - - c' i\\~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~.; ,;r>>¢;| F-9 |1pn [ A S / < 0 SlollillrisB nalls ao:; ;. ;- - LS 194J .5;1 .-,: r, _ .p Hlrtar.,. E r u;h-u :\> i E l g g - it fiS ' ' 1 t m XR ¢X \ >s vr ; / ~~~~~~~~~~~~~( g-4 -; - P,J1jT WBilSqto ~~~~~~~~4 3 30--ioF- 52gBI7fS Jt-I;< > fw rk ^ y u ll ffllit l ^ 11Z11>i l t> =;; 0[ t~!:T A segment is known as Zhujiahe that converges with the Yangtze River at Chenjiaji. And it stretches about 48 km within Wuhan City and has an average annual flow volume of 4,710,000,000 m3 , average river width of 50.70 m, average depth of 2.5 m, average flow rate of 198 m3 /s and average flow velocity of 0.38 rn/s. The Wuhan section of the Fuhe River is mainly functioned as agricultural irrigation source. . Jiqidangzi (lake) The Jiqidangzi Lake has an area of 0.12 km2, primarily functioning as flood holding body and a tourist attraction. 4.9.2 Aquatic life The major aquatic species within the waters of this project can be refereed to in Table 4.9-1, which have been gathered according to a survey. 91 Table 4.9-1 The major aquatic species within waters of this project Name of Aquatic Species Waters Fish Phytoplankton Zooplankton Higher Aquatic ______Flora Carp, Grass Carp, Silver Carp, Shoat Carp, Wuhan Section Herrng, Elopichthys Bambusa, Bighead, Diatom, Chrysanthemum, Protozoa of The Yangtze Leiocassis Longirostris, Changchun Bream, Inoflagellate Copepoda River Ochetobius Elongatus, Crucian Carp, Zong Fish, White Fish Carp, Grass Carp, Silver Carp, Shoat Carp, Wuhan Section Herring, Elopichthys Bambusa, Bighead, of Hanjiang Leiocassis Longirostns, Changchun Bream, Cyanophyceae Protozoa, Copepoda River Ochetobius Elongatus, Crucian Carp, Zong Fish, White Fish Wuhan Section Carp, Grass Carp, Silver Carp, Shoat Carp, Cyanophyceae Inoffensive Protozoa,Copepoda Common of Fuhe River Herring, Elopichthys Bambusa, Bighead p o Watemhacnth Silver Carp,Bighead,Grass Chaamydomonas,Selenastrum,Cr Supenor species of Alga,Common East Lake Carp,Herrng,Carp,Crucian Carp,White ucl Genia,Chlamydomonas protozoa Is dwarf Watemhacinth Fish etc ______wornms Silver Carp, Bighead, Grass Carp, Hernng, Common Nanhu Lake Carp, Crucian Carp, White Fish Cyanophyceae Watenthacinth Shahu Lake Silver Carp, Bighead, Grass Carp, Herring Common _ _ __.______,______W atemrhacmtsh Moshuihu SGlverCarp, Bighead, Grass Carp, Hemng Green Algae, Cyanophyceae, Common Lake SleCapBiea,GasCr,Hrng Diatom watermhacinth Wild Celery, Longyanghu Silver Carp, Bighead, Grass Carp, Herring, curly pondweed, Lake Carp, Crucian Carp, Common waterrthacinth Commnon Moon Lake Silver Carp, Blighead, Grass Carp, Herring Crrtonh Jiqlidangzi Silver Carp, Bighead, (Lake) Crucian Carp, Carp Table 4.9-1 shows that the fish species in these rivers are basically natural species and those in the lakes are mostly artificial breeds with the Silver Carp, Bighead, Crucian Carp, Carp as the leading population. And there is no rare or endangered species in the lakes or rivers related with the project. There are many kinds of large aquatic population in the water body of the Yangtze River. Among them, Chinese Sturgeon, Cowfish, etc. occasionally travel through the Wuhan section as migration fishes. The White Flag Dolphin is one of the 5 fresh water capybaras in the world that only exists in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and it is the species under the country level protection. The Yangtze cowfish is unique sub-specie of the fresh water capybaras and is at the present the specie under the second national protection level. The Chinese Sturgeon is primarily living in the main stream of the Yangtze River and waters of the continental shelf of the East Sea and the Huanghai Sea. It is one of the species under the country level protection. However, the resource state of the above mentioned species are aggravating day by day, their distribution range are narrowing steadily and the stock sizes are declining dramatically due to the affects of the human activities in recent years. The migration route of the White Flag Dolphin are mainly in the 3 to 5 m deep water channels, close to the locations of the navigation beacon set by the navigation authority. Chinese Sturgeon and the Cowfish usually swim around the trunk river lines as there are many boats running along the banks. 4.9.3 Waters and Aquatic Life The lake areas in the urban Wuhan are gradually declining due to city construction and 92 urbanization. What is worse, many of these lakes are heavily polluted by the industrial wastewater and the domestic sewage. Some of the lakes are developing toward eutrophication. The area shrinking and pollution situation of the water bodies are summarized in Table 4.9-2 and 4.9-3. Table 4.9-2 Lake occupation concerned in this project (till 1997) Districts Lakes 1950s Area The current The shrinking Shrinking Rate (%) (mu) area (mu) area (mu) Hankou J.gidangzi (Lake) 248.05 174.61 73.44 29.6 Moon Lake 762.00 430.00 332 00 43 6 Hanyang Moshuihu Lake 4528 50 4239.00 289.50 6 4 Longyanghu Lake 2061 00 2061.00 0 0 East Lake 49500 00 49475 70 24.30 0.05 Wuchang Nanhu Lake 12243.00 12038.48 204.52 1 8 WuchangInner Shahu Lake 780 00 321.00 459.00 58 8 Outer Shahu Lake 7008 00 5793 45 1214.55 17 3 Table 4.9-3 Water quality standard-exceeding factors & the multiples of the waters concerned in this project Functions Waters Standard-exceeding factors (Standard-exceeding multiples) 2000 Wuhan section of the Total Phosphorus (0.4), lotal Mangenese (0.02), Coliform Bacteria Colony Yangtze River (0 7) Wuhan section of the Total Phosphorus (0 2), Coliform Bacteria Colony (14.3) Hanjiang River East Lake Coliform group (122), Total Phosphorus (8.7), Total Nitrogen (10.5), Ammonia Nitrogen, Chlorophyll (5.6) Chemical Oxygen Demand (0 2), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (0.6), IV Moshuihu Lake Total Phosphorus (4.9), Ammonia Nitrogen (9.5), Total Nitrogen (21.7), Chlorophyll (0 7) Nanhu Lake Total Phosphorus (0.7), Ammonia Nitrogen (1.0), Total Nitrogen (4.1) Wuhan section of the Fuhe Biochemical Oxygen Demand (1.2), Total Phosphorus (3.5), Karst V River Nitrogen (I 1), Chemical Oxygen Demand (0 6), iver Ammonia Nitrogen (5.1), Petroleum (1.6) The water bodies to be potentially impacted by the project are located in the urban Wuhan and are polluted by the industrial waste and the domestic sewage. The lakes are shrinking gradually and now they all become the isolated that are separated from each other. Such isolation results in water stagnation and weakens the water self-purification ability and an obvious tendency toward eutrophication and functional degradation. Some small lakes or surface water bodies have begun to disappear. General speaking, all the waters have taken on the nutrition pollution represented by high nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations and the organic pollution represented by COD and BOD, as well as the lack of biodiversity. 4.9.4 Detailed Description of East Lake As the East Lake is a national level scenery site as well as a wetland, the EA team has paid a special attention to the baseline description, impact assessment and mitigation planning to East Lake. This section provides further details of the baseline information of the lake. 4.9.4.1 East Lake Scenery Zone The East Lake Scenery Zone was firstly established in 1950 originally. In 1993, East Lake Scenery Administration (ELSA) prepared Wuhan East Lake Scenery Master Plan. According to this Master Plan, the scenery is lake based natural scenery with Chu cultural features. As a 93 state level scenery site, the main functions of the lake include tourist sightseeing, vacationing, education and youth recreation base. The lake is characterized by its location within an urban center, large lake surface, hills on the south side and crisscrossed lakes and creeks with a long waterfront line. According to the Master Plan, the control area for the East Lake scenery site is 88.2 km2 . Of this area, 73.24 km2 is under the control and management of ELSA, and 14.95 km2 as surrounding protective zone. The planned lake surface 33 km2 with a total shoreline of 111.5 km. The Master Plan site for East Lake is shown in Figure 4.9-1. Based on its natural settings, East Lake is divided into scenery and attractiion sections: Tingtao (Wave Singing) section, Moshan (Moshan Hill) section, Louyan (Wild Goose Lingering) section, Baima (White Horse) section and Chuidi (Fluting) section. Each of sections has a different tourist scheme. For example, water recreation for Tingtao section, Chu culture and botany observatory for Moshan section, folks recreation for Louyan section, wild forest and country leisure for Chuidi section and health recovery and rehabilitation areas for Baima section. The Tingtao, Moshan and Louyan sectons are defined as the core area of the scenery site. As seen in Figure 4.9-1, a proposed project road, Qinghua road woud pass the boundary of Baima and Tingtao sections. Tangling lake is located to the south of the road alignment and Xiaotan lake to the north. The Master Plan includes the proposed road as an urban trunk road. 4.9.4.2 Aquatic Life of the East Lake* From the regional perspective, East Lake is one of the major lakes in the Jianghan lake zone, with wetland functions. Although not included in the national wetland conservation list, East Lake is listed in the Asian Wetland Directory of 1998, as part of the Wuhan wetland which includes all the lakes in the Wuhan area. The Hanjiang lake zone is located in the Wuhan and adjacent areas, starting from Hong lake in the west and extending east bound along the Changjiang river for about 250 km.. The zone consists of a series of lakes and marches along the both sides of the Changjiang river, including 80 lakes with areas larger than 250 ha. and many more smaller ones and inter-connected creeks and waterways. Among the lakes in the zone, the largest is Hong lake and most visited by migrating birds are Zhangdu lake north of the East lake and Chen lake to the southwest. Hydrology The East Lake was originally an open lake bordering on the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River and connected with the Yangtze River through the Qingshan dock with a natural dyke filled up by canal mud between the River and Lake. Within the dyked area was originally a silted valley from which the accumulated water could not discharge whenever the water level is above the surrounding land during the flood period. This would result in the extension of the lake surface thus fornation of what is the current East Lake. 94 After the construction of Wufeng gate at the Qingshan dock in early 1960's, the East Lake began to become an inland lake under human control from the natural lake conditioned by the fluctuations of the water level of the Changjiang River. The artificial dykes built during the years that followed gradually cut the Lake into 6 sections, i.e. the Shuiguohu & Guozhenghu section, the Tanglinhu section, the Miaohu section, the Niuchaohu (Xiaotanhu & Tuanhu) section, the Houhu section and the Shaojidouhu section. Off these sections, the Guozhenghu Lake is the main water body of the East Lake with a water area of 13.6 km2. These lakes are independent from each other though connected by bridges and are actually operated by several different fishing units. The current East Lake is a representative shallow lake at the middle reach of the Yangtze River. The surface area of the Lake will be about 33 m2 and the water holding capacity is 72,500,000 m3 when the water is at the highest level of 21 m. Its water level is stable around the year; with average depth of 2.46 m in the middle July and 2.11 m in October. The East Lake has more than 120 firths in different sizes and the strandline is 111.5 km according to a site survey and the Master Plan. Aquatic Life The East Lake Zoology Testing Station of the China Academy of Sciences has been conducting a long and in-depth study about the aquatic life of the Lake since 1950s. The Wuhan Environrment Monitoring Station has set up five monitoring stations in each of the lake sections, doing the monitoring work on the aquatic life community of the Lake from the ecology view both in spring and autumn. The monitored items include zooplankton, phytoplankton and nutrition. These five monitoring stations are the Tanglinhu Lake (1#), the Moshan Hill (2#), the Water plant of Wuhan University (3#), the Shuiguohu Lake(4#) and the Miaohu Lake(5#). The following is a brief description of aquatic life species, quantities and succession of the East Lake based on the above-mentioned study. Phytoplankton The study of the East Lake Zoology Testing Station of the China Academy of Science is indicated in table 4.9-4 Table 4.9-4 Genus number of the East Lake phytoplankton from 1956 to 1986 Period 1956-1957 1962-1963 1973-1975 1979-1986 Total genus number III 74 68 76 Green algae 53 36 31 40 Cyanophyceac 16 10 13 12 Inoffensive 5 5 6 3 Diatom 20 13 9 12 Chrysanthemum 10 5 6 3 Euglena 5 3 3 4 Yellow alga 2 2 0 0 CryptomonasBelongmgitone Belongng to the Belonging to the Cryptomonas Bnoflgeloatoph 9noflagellatenoflagellate 2 Inofagelatph ur phylumn phylum 95 Among the 76 alga genuses found between 1979 and 1986, 18 genuses are present through the four seasons rendering them as the prevailing algas. They include the Scenedesmus, Selenastrum, Cruci genia, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Ankistrodesmus, Oocystis, Pediastrum, Melosira, Cyclotella, Synedra, Navicula, Merismopedia, Anabaena, Oscillaroria, Euglena, Chroomonas and Cryptomonas. The genuses of the Chlamydomonas, - Anabaena and Oscillaroria are the largest in terms of their popultion. The prevailing alga population of the East Lake is led by Microcapsule Alga and Anabaena and Oscillaroria before 1979. The above mentioned populations decreased from 1979 to 1986 replaced by the small sized ones with a diameter of 1.5 to 12 rns such as Merismopedia, Ankistrodesmus and Cyclotella, and the small Oscillaroria with a diameter of 1.5mms and the pointed tailed Chroomonas. It can be inferred from the succession of the species numbers of the phytoplankton of the Lake that the eutrophication of the Lake is developing toward the smaller ones. The study also shows while the species of the phytoplankton in the Lake are decreasing, the quantities are increasing dramatically. From 1956 to 1957, there are 1000 per ml, which had grown into 25,000 in each ml in by the year of 1986, which means it increased by one time each year. At the same time, however, the some species of alga and fish found in the earlier days are not present any more and the overall bio-diveristy seems to decrease in the lake area. The monitoring results by the Wuhan Environment Monitoring Station in recent years is indicated in table 4.9-5 Table 4.9-5 Genus number & the density of the East Lake phytoplankton between 1996 and 2000 Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total genus number 30 36 35 37 36 The genus percentage of the Blue-green algae 65 66 67 67 65 individual in the total_(%) 7 7 Averagedensity I 09.i10 1 74x10 I 48x10& I 77x10 I 41x107 The phytoplankton genus number and the density of the Lake were in a rather stable state between 1996 and May 2000 and the prevalent species changed little. The East Lake belongs to a typical Bluegreen algae eutrophication lake according to the analysis on the population structure of the phytoplankton. Zooplankton Zooplankton species of the East Lake is rather rich. 203 zooplankton species have been found among which there are 84 Protozoe species, 82 rotifers, 23 cladocerans and 14 copepodas on the basis of a survey done from April 1962 to May 1963. The aquatic weed in the Lake is on the brink of extinction and the water is turning to muddy as the water body of the Lake is slipped into eutrophication. This trend has been accelerated as large volume of urban sewage has been pumped into the Lake since 1970s, which has brought considerable changes to the 96 zooplankton structure and population. General speaking, the zooplankton species are diminishing and the sewage species are on the rise. The changes of the quantities of the East Lake zooplankton from 1960s to 1980s are indicated in table 4.9-6. Table 4.9-6 Comparison on the East Lake (Guozhenghu Lake) zooplankton quantities (number in each ml) Year 1962-1963 1974-1975 1979-1985 Protozoa 4329 5594 8980 Rotifer 332 853 1998 Cladocerans 24 21 45 Copepoda 20 35 80 Total 4705 6503 11103 It can be inferred from the table that the total quantities of the East Lake zooplankton in 1980s is about 3 times of that in 1960s and the growth rate between 1970s and 1980s is larger than that between 1960s and 1970s. The quantities changes of the East Lake zooplankton in recent years is indicated in Tables 4.9-7 and 4.9-8. Table 4.9-7 Quantity structure of the East Lake (Tanglinhu Lake) zooplankton in autumn (number in each ml). Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Protozoa 3600 2700 11000 10200 3300 Rotifer 180 270 590 540 210 Cladocerans 0 12 1.56 3 10 2 96 0 60 Copepoda 0 24 1.44 3 82 2.64 0.56 Total number 3780 36 2973 11596 92 10745 6 3511 16 Table 4.9-8 Genus numbers & density of the zooplankton Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Total genus number 55 47 44 40 45 Average density 559x1 04 4 49 10 1 79x104 9 82x 103 1 54x 104 The population of the East Lake zooplankton in the above mentioned 5 years in the table declined a little from the point view of the individual quantities. Protozoa takes up a large proportion in the zooplankton followed by rotifer and then by crustacean (cladocerans and copepoda). Nutrition The water nutrition of the East Lake in 2000 measured by the Wuhan Environment Monitoring Station is indicated in Table 4.9-9. 97 Table 4.9-9 Nutrition of each of the measuring spots of the East Lake in 2000 Water Assessment Poor in Moderate in Rich in East Tanglinhu Moshan plant of Shuiguohu Minohu Wuhan Lake Lake data nutrition nutrition nutrition Lake Lake (I#t) Hill(2#) University (4#) (S#) Zooplankton < 1000 1000-2000 >2000 I S4x"10 3 l2x'l0 1 24x l0 1 30x 104 2 28x]oJ 2 57X104 Phytoplankton <3lO' 3xl0'-3xlO' >310' 1 410167 4 06X106 5 53x106 913,106 1 45xi07 3 72x107 Totalbacteria <102 I0 -105 >15 1 23X101' I 9.iO0 48x102 33x1O3 2 IxIO' 39xlO' numbe Chlorophyll a <0 004 0 01-0 03 0 03-0 065 0 102 0 006 0 042 0 061 0 158 0 273 (mg/. Total nitrogen <0 04 0 15-0 7 0 7-1 2 3 51 0 63 191 2 73 5.76 6 53 (mg/L)______Total Phosphorus 0 002-0 025 0 025-0 06 0 06-0 12 0 207 0 059 0 139 0 198 0 359 0 277 (rng/L) ______I_ I__ _ _ Transparency >5 1-5 < I < 2 15 < I < < I (in ) ______ Final Rich in Moderate-rich Rich in Rich m Extremely Extremely assessment nutrition in nutrition nutrition nutrition nch m rich in nutrition nutrition The monitoring index of the East Lake hydrobiont of all the measuring points has reached or even exceeded the lake eutrophication standard from the monitoring results of 2000. Of all the lakes, the water quality of the Shuiguohu Lake and the Miaohu Lake is the worst because of a very serious eutrophication problem. Fish The East Lake and the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River have been separated from each other since the water regulating gate was built at the Qingshan Dock. However, some fish can still enter the Lake from the River every year when the Gate is open. Therefore, the fish species structure of the East Lake are similar to those of the most shallow lakes at the middle-lower reach of the Yangtze River. According to a survey done in 1972 there were 18 fish families and 67 species in the East Lake, among which there were 42 species in the Carp Family accounting for 63% of the total and I to 4 other families. Nearly 20 species of these fish have economic value, such as the Carp, Crucian Carp, Ochetobius elongatus, Elopichthys bambusa, Silver Carp, Bighead, Mandarin fish, Grass Carp, Herring, Bream, the Spanish Red Mackerel and the Xenocypris argentea. The Silver Carp and the Bighead are the prevalent species in the East Lake flora followed by Grass Carp after the artificial breeding. The breeding species include the Herring, Bream,Crossed Carp and Xenocypris argentea. The non-breeding species at the lower level include the Carp, Crucian Carp and small-sized wild rough fish (e.g. the Blue Mackerel) that also account for a certain proportion. The fierce species include the Mongolia Red Mackerel, the Spanish Red Mackerel, Elopichthys bambusa and the Manderin Fish, among which the two Red Mackerels account for the largest proportion and are the most dangerous fish. The fish species of the East Lake are divided into the middle-upper level, the sub-bottom and the bottom level according to the vertical distribution. The middle-upper species include the Silver Carp, Bighead, Elopichthys bambusa, the Mongolia Red Mackerel and the Spanish Red 98 Mackerel. The sub-bottom species include the Grass Carp, Herring, Bream, the Mandarin Fish and the Black Fish. The common bottom species include the Carp, Crucian Carp, the Crossed Carp, Xenocypris argentea and color argentea. In summary, there are significant fisheries resources in East Lake, most of which are ecnomic fish harvested regularly for the local market. There is no endangered or otherwise protected fish species in the lake area. The fish population, even the species, is to a large extent controlled by the East Lake management authority as the authority regularly places juvenile and harvest fish as needed. Bird Since the winter climate in Wuhan is suitable for birds migrating southward, lots of migrating birds have gathered at East Lake in winter in the recent years. It is known that in the East Lake area, tens of thousands migrating such as white swan, while marabou, black marabou from Siberia and goose from Mongolia will fly here in November of each year and leave Wuhan in March of the next year. The birds in daytime do some activities at the center booths and islands of Guozhen Lake, Tuan Lake and Tanglin Lake, and inhabit mostly at Moshan Hill area at night (See Figure 4.9-1) Areas near the ProposedQinghua Road The proposed Qinghua road will be located on the location of the existing dyke currently separating Tangling lake to the south and Xiaotan lake to the north. According to the site investigation during this EA, Qinghua road will pass the protective area for about 500 m, which is currently a narrow farm land (Photo 1). On the side of Xiaotan lake, there is natural lake body, with small pieces of weeds (Photos 2). The existing dyke is about I m wide and 500 m long (Photo 3). Tangling, Xiaotan and Yangchun (further to the north) lakes have limited influences from humani activities, with relatively good water quality. There is also a small area of weeds, the only area in East lake, as well as aquatic plants. This lake area has been used by migrating birds as habitats to spend winters and reproduce. In particular, Yangchun lake has zigzagged lake waterbodies with thick plant growth, being a good wetland habitat for migrating birds. According to an investigation during the EA, there are about 30 species of waterfowls frequently observed in the area, taking in-water and floating plants as well as zooplankton and fish as their food sources. The main migrating bird species in the area include: X Stork family: Ardeola bacchus, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, Egretta alba, Nycticorax nycticorax, Ixobrychus sinensis, Leurhythmus, Lcinnamomeus, Dupetor stellaris, etc. A Goose family: Anas falcata. A. platrhynchus, A. Strepera, etc. A Pecker family: Rallus aquaticus indicus. R. Striatus gularis, R. Fusca erythrothrax. Amauornis phoenicurus chinensis. Gallicrex cinerea, Gallinula chloropus indica, Fulica atra. etc. 99 A Others: Vanellus, Charadrius hiaticula placidus, Tringa achropus, Capalla stenura, C. Megala, C. Gallinago, Giareola maldivarus, Alcedo atthis bengalensis, Halcgon pileata, Podiceps ruficollis pggei, P. Cristatus, etc. Briefsummary on ecology of the East Lake To sum up, because of mankind activities, the East Lake waters gradually become rich in nutrition, and species and structure of hydrophytes and water life adapt with such conditions. The aquatic biomass in the lake becomes increasingly simple and diversity declines. Over the recent years with sewage and wastewater control, water quality of the East Lake has become stable and improved gradually and ecological environment of the waters begins to recover steadily. The Tangling and Yangchun lakes areas still have small areas of weeds and floating plants, becoming winter habitats for migrating birds. This also shows the gradual improvement of the ecosystem in the East Lake area. 4.10 Soil and vegetation 4.10.1 Soil Wuhan City has many kinds of soils containing rich nutrients that are suitable for different kinds of plants. There are 303 kinds of soil, in 56 categories. Of these soil types, rice field is the largest with 45.2 % of total land. Yellow-brown soil accounts for 24.8 % of the total, fluvo-aquic soil 17 %, red soil 11.2 % and others such as soil lime, purple soil, meadow soil and bog soil totally accounts for 1.8 %. 4.10.2 Present status of vegetation Plants of Wuhan City belongs to the section transiting from evergreen broad-leaf forest of the intermediate subtropical zone to deciduous broad-leaf forest of north subtropical zone. According to incomplete statistics, citywide peridophyta and spermnatophyte include 1066 species, 607 genus, and 106 families with the plants of the south and north plant floras. Mixed wood lands consisting of evergreen broad-leaf trees and deciduous broad-leaf trees are the typical vegetation of Wuhan City. Vegetation in the project area is mainly man-planted vegetation, which include camphor, bamboo, cunninghamia sinensis, oil-tea camellia, tea, privet, masson pine, metasequoia, chinar and bald cypress, etc. Trees such as chinar. masson pine and metasequoia are widely planted on the roads of the urban areas. 4.11 Culture property In this EA, cultural properties are first identified through a site investigation, or a site walk-through, for the entire project roads and other facilities such as public transport terminals. Those which are located within 200 m from the project roads or project sites, will be deemed as to be potentially impacted by the project construction and/or operation 100 activities. Based on the results of the site investigation, two cultural properties have been identified: AX Wuhan Office of the New Fourth Army, which is located at the Lugouqiao road in the Hankou section. In 1921, the New Fourth Army, which is one of the most influential army groups in the modem Chinese revolutionary history, has its headquarters located in this building. The building is now classified as a provincial level cultural property and currently services as a memorial and revolutionary museum. AC Xinghai Revolutionary Gate, which is located about 150 m from the project road Jinshui road. This, originally known as Zhonghe Gate, is one of the ten city gates for ancient Wuchang and the only surviving one. In the revolution which overthrew the Qing Dynasty, the revolution army first attacked the Zhonghe gate and from there entered Wuchang section of the city and thus marked as the beginning of the victory. The Xinghai revolution is one of the most significant milestones in the Chinese modem history and its success ended the five thousand years of the feudal society in China and marked the beginning of the public China and modem Chinese history. The revolutionary gate was re-built in 1981 and categorized as a provincial level cultural property. The exact locations of these two cultural properties, as well as their relationships to the project roads are shown in the map in Figure 4.10-1. Besides the above ground cultural properties described above, the EA team also investigated potential presence of underground archaeological relics. The investigation was primarily through collection and review of available information such as archaeological property list and other documents for Wuhan and interview of and consultation with relevant agencies (Cultural Bureau) and professional archaeologists in the province. Based on the results of this study, there are no known archaeological sites within the project impacted areas in Wuhan. 101 5. Impacts Assessment and Mitigations for Construction Phase 5.1 Noise Impact and Mitigation 5.1. 1 Noise Source during Construction Phase The construction noise sources of this project include the following two catalogues. Construction Machinery The construction machinery and equipment in the work site include shovel loader, excavator, bulldozer, concrete mixer, heavy came and piling machine, etc. These kinds of machinery is the main construction noise source. Based on many previous construction site monitoring data, the noise source intensity of common construction machinery is shown in Table 5.1-1. Table 5.1-1 Measured Noise Values of Construction Machinery for Road Construction Distance between Maximum noise No. Machinery Type monitoring point and level L. machinery (m) (dB) Wheeled shovel loader ZL40 5 90 2 Wheeled shovel loader ZL50 5 90 3 Road grader PY160A 5 90 4 Vibration pavement roller YZJ I1OB 5 86 5 Two-wheeled double-vibration pavement CC21 5 81 ro ller ______6 Three-wheeled pavement roller 5 81 7 Wheeled pavement roller ZL16 5 76 8 Bulldozer T140 5 86 9 Wheeled hydraulic excavator W4-60C 5 84 10 Paver (U.K.) fifond3llco ABG 5 82 II Paver (Germany) VOGELE 5 87 12 Generator sets (2) FKV-75 1 98 13 Impact drill Type 22 1 87 14 Cone self-dumping concrete mixer JZC350 1 79 Transport Vehicles During the construction, some work such as earthwork and stonework preparation, equipment and materials transport will demand a lot of transport vehicles. These transport vehicles, especially heavy-duty trucks, have high noise intensity and could cause great disturbance to the environments around the working site and transportation routes, including both temporary construction access and existing roads. The noise source intensity of heavy-duty trucks is also shown in Table 5.1 -1. 5.1.2 Noise Impact during in Construction Phase The impact of noise on environment during the construction phase depends on the intensity of noise sources, and it has relation with the locations of surrounding sensitive receptors including the distance between the sensitive receptors and the noise sources. According to the analysis made at other similar construction projects, the most serious period of construction noise disturbance is in the foundation of viaduct bridges, and the main noise 102 sources are piling machine and heavy-duty trucks. According to the analysis of previous actual noise monitoring results in similar construction sites, it is expected that noise would exceed the applicable standards as stipulated in GB 12523-90 "Standard for Noise at Boundaries of Construction Sites", particularly during piling and at the busy time of construction. However, some construction sites will occupy a large area and noise at its boundary in normal construction periods may comply with the standards because of the less noisy machinery and longer distances to the boundaries. Noise during the process of construction is mainly from construction machinery and construction transport vehicles and noise from equipment of construction machinery is most disturbing. Construction machinery mainly includes excavator, bulldozer, pavement roller, and mixer and shovel loader. It is a temporary action, although the impacts can be great on the surroundings. The maximum impact scope can be up to 50 m in daytime and 100-150 m at night, assuming no piling at night (strictly banning of night time piling is part of the mitigation measure, see Section 5.1.4). The actual impacts are clearly dependent on the distance of noise sensitive receptors to the construction sites, and in particular to the noisy construction machinery. In addition, the areas along the major construction transportation routes as the heavy-duty trucks traffic will increase significantly in certain periods of construction (excavation, pavement, etc.). Any sensitive receptors located within 50 m from the construction sites and the transportation routes will be impacted by the increased noise. Some such as residential areas which are sensitive at night time will be impacted even they are located up to 150 m from the sites. Within these areas, there are many sensitive receptors, particularly many residential buildings such as those listed in Chapter 4 of this report. These residents will be impacted at busy night time construction periods. 5.1.3 Night Time Construction Impact The construction of this project is divided into road construction in the city proper and middle ring road construction outside the city proper. Within the city proper, the proposed new roads and upgrading of the existing roads will be mainly busy transport trunk roads. In order to avoid or shorten the traffic disruption, safety hazards, inconvenience to the communities, as well as the construction schedule itself, construction at night will be inevitable, particularly in the city built up areas. Since viaduct construction period is long and it needs more construction machinery, night time construction is mostly likely to take place in elevated viaduct sites. Therefore, sensitive receptors located near elevated viaducts will be most likely subject to great noise impact during night construction. These sites are: Nanniwan Viaduct, Changqing Road Viaduct. Zhalankou Viaduct, Xinhuaxia Road Viaduct, Snajintan Viaduct, Xianggang Road Viaduct arid Lizhi Viaduct. Main environmental sensitive receptors expected to be impacted by nighttime construction noise are shown in Table 5.1-2 and Figure 5.1-1. 103 Table 5.1-2 Main Sensitive Receptors Impacted by Nighttime Construction Noise General description of sensitive receptors Relative Nearest Number Road N. Name of sensitive psto hrinal of storey Directly Applicable section No. receptor position dhisnc tor of affected standard line of road building population ______m__road (in ) facing (persons) 106 Yunhe Residential Area South 30 7 About 1500 Nanniwan 107 Miaoyi Kindergarten North 30 2 About 200 viaduct -Both 108 Fazhan Village sides 20 6-7 About 2000 Changqing 109 Huangjiadawan South 0 5 About 300 Rd viaduct Xinhuaxia 110 School Under 0 1-2 About 500 Daytime Rd viaduct III Gusaoshu Under 0 1-5 About 300 Leq55dBA Nighttime Sanjintan 112 Houhu Primary School North 0 1-2 About 500 Leq45dBA viaduct ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~(Class1) 113 Changtai Mansion East 20 8 About 200 viaduct 114 Ezhou Mansion West 20 9 About 200 115 Fangtai Real Estate Co. West 50 8 About 300 viaduct 116 Liqiao Primary School 10 3-4 About 500 Xianggang 117 Xianggang Rd residential West 10 8-12 500 families Rd viaduct area The above table shows that there could be substantial number urban residents who will be likely to be impacted by the night time noise from construction sites of this project. The increased noise levels could affect their night sleep, particularly to the elderly, children, students, ill people and other vulnerable groups. The schools may not be impacted as there is normally no classes at night time. 5.1.4 Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures have been proposed and will be taken during construction to reduce and minimize the noise impacts: AR The contractors will be requested to adopt effective measures to reduce noise caused during the construction, and minimize the noise impacts. During the construction, Construction modes and construction time will be rationalized to reduce or avoid noise construction activities occurring during the most sensitive time, such as night time, class times and hospital operation time wherever possible. Use of piling machines at night (from 22:00 to 6:00) will be strictly forbidden and other noisy activities including heavy truck transportation, loading/unloading, beam lifting and stockpile of the materials will be carried out during the day time. If other noisy machinery and activities have to be used, they will be located to areas as far away from sensitive receptors as possible. If nighttime construction is absolutely necessary, the contractors will be requested to report the local environmental protection bureau as well as the PMO for approval. X Although three rounds of public consultation at the sensitive receptors have been 104 conducted during the EA for concerns of project impacts including night time construction, contractors will be requested notice well ahead of time the impacted public and communities and consult with the public for their concerns and opinions. The continued public consultation will be included in the tendering documents and made part of the contract obligations to the contractors, in order to receive public understanding and listen to their concerns and suggestion for mitigation. These mitigation measures, including public consultation for construction arrangement and night construction activities will be implemented prior to the start of the construction at the site to allow the public to express concern and the time to further design mitigation measures if needed. AX The construction in the residential and school areas will stop one week prior to the annual national examination time (first week in July but the actual time may change in the next few years). All construction activities, including materials transportation and preparation, will stop during the actual exam time (3 days) to provide the best possible acoustic environment during this highly sensitive period. AC For some components with a real long construction period, such as Nanniwan Viaduct, Changqing Road Viaduct, Xinhuaxia Road Viaduct, Sanjintan Viaduct, Zhalankou Viaduct, Xianggang Road Viaduct and Lizhi Viaduct, special measures will be taken for the sensitive receptors nearby. There are several noise sensitive receptors around the sites, including Yunhe Residential Area, Miaoyi Kindergarten, Fazhan Village, Liqiao Primary School, Changtai Mansion, Ezhou Mansion, Fangtai Real Estate, Huangjiadawan, Xianggang Road residence and Gusaoshu. Besides those required in the above mitigation, the contractors will be requested to stop working two hours after noontime and during the holidays. For Gusaoshu Primary School and Houhu Primary, it will be arranged to construct during the school vacation to the extent possible. A For particularly vulnerable groups of people such as young children, elderly and ill people, some noise mitigation measures such as double glazed windows will be installed before the construction begins. AR Contractors will select and use the construction machinery with low noise as far as possible. Temporary generators will be banned in principle and the utilities will be requested to supply additional power to meet the construction needs. In case such arrangement with the utilities cannot be made, generator sets along the roads will be equipped with sound-insulation cover and located to be away from the sensitive receptors. Contractors will be requested to provide good maintenance to all their construction machinery so that they can be kept in good shape and best working conditions to minimize noise. AX Construction time and construction sites will be rationalized. Working site with high noise will be far away from the noise sensitive receptor if possible. The access for construction transport vehicles in and out the site will be arranged at the side far away from the residential area. For individual construction site with serious impacts and near highly noise sensitive receptors, temporary sound-insulation enclosing structure or sound-insulation 105 barrier will be set up. Alternatively, temporary noise barriers at the side near sensitive receptors will be built. For earthwork, contractors will arrange multiple excavators and trucks to work at the same time, and thus shorten the impact time. X Full time supervision staff will be retained by the PMO to supervise construction activities, particularly night time construction. Hand held noise -meters will be used to measure noise levels at sensitive receptors such as hospital wards and residential buildings during the night construction periods. AX With the close supervision of the PMO, the contractors will be requested to place a designated person for night time traffic management for construction vehicles. If necessary, proper training and instruction from traffic police will be provided to minimize night time traffic congestion and hooting. AR At each construction site where night time construction will be carried out, a public notice board will be put on display in a highly visible place. On this board, telephone number and contact number will be shown for the public to vent their concerns and complaints about the night time construction. All such complaints will be recorded, and investigated as needed, and then appropriate actions will be taken to address the concerns and complaints. X All these mitigation measures will be included in the project Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which is a stand alone document used during the construction phase to enforce and supvervise the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. And all which require the actions of the contractors will be included in the bid documents and later the contracts to ensure that these mitigation measures and actions will become contractual obligations for the contractors which can be enforced by the PMO and the environmental monitoring team. 5.2 Vibration Impact and Mitigation 5.2.1 Vibration Source during Construction The vibration sources in construction phase mainly are from various construction machinery and transport vehicles. Table 5.2-1 lists intensities of vibration sources of typical construction machinery. 106 Table 5.2-1 Vibration Levels of Typical Construction Machinery Reference vibration level (plumb direction Z vibration level, dB) 10 m away from vibration source 30 m away from vibration source I Excavator 80 71 2 Bulldozer 79 69 3 Heavy transport vehicle 74 64 4 Pavement roller 82 71 5 Driller-grouter 63 / 6 Air-pressure machine 81 71 7 Pneumatic pick 85 73 8 Diesel piling machine 98 83 9 Vibration piling machine 93 83 5.2.2 Vibration Impact The data in Table 5.2-1 show that the vibration level of common construction machinery and equipment is 63-85 dB at the point 10 m away from the vibration source, and equal to or less than 72 dB 30 m away from the vibration source. It can be expected that construction vibration will cause impacts to sensitive receptors within 10-20 m of the working areas. As vibration impact scope of piling operation can be up to 80-100 m, it may cause a certain impact on the surroundings of the 14 viaducts, which are surrounded by schools and residential areas. According to the characteristics of road construction, contractors usually conduct the pavement work for road maintenance components at night. Vibration intensity from the paving machine, vibration bar and transport machinery, they will cause vibration disturbance on the sensitive buildings such as residential buildings and hospitals within the scope of 1020 m away from the vibration sources, affecting sleeping and rest of residents. 5.2.3 Mitigation Measures In order to reduce the vibration impact in the construction phase from this project, the following measures will be taken together mitigation measures for noise control. X Arrange layout of the construction site, make the vibrating equipment far away from the sensitive buildings to the extent possible; A Strengthen construction management, with orderly construction activities, and arrange working time reasonably and sensitively. A Avoid conducting construction operation with strong noise and vibration at night wherever possible; X Use the construction equipment with lower noise and vibration as much as possible during construction; X Where possible, use hole digging and grouting pile methods for the foundation of the viaduct, and avoid using piling machinery for the foundation; and A Request the contractors to consult the public regularly and ahead of the high vibration operation to receive public understanding and public opinions. 107 5.3 Air impact and mitigation 5.3.1 Air pollution sources during construction The following will be the main air pollution sources during construction: X During building demolition, a large amount of dust will be air born and, based on the experience from similar projects elsewhere, the dust impact may last for about 30 minutes and PM1O remain air born for a longer period of time. This is a main factor that causes air pollution during construction. According to an environmental air monitoring result recently conducted for the urban transport trunk roads, PM1O concentrations can significantly from this type of sources exceed the applicable standards and may last for a long period of time. X Besides demolition, materials storage/piling handling, bare or disturbed soil, excessive materials disposal sties, and bulk materials transportation all could result in air born dust near the sites. Once again, the heavy particulate may precipitate within about 30 minutes but PMI0 or finer particles may remain air born for much longer time and thus impacted bigger areas far away from the sties of origin. X During the construction period, the transportation vehicle causes the secondary escaping dust. And the impact scope may reach about 50m from the origins. A dust monitoring program for a typical construction site and its surrounding areas by Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Center Station on July 20, 1995. The monitored site was well managed and site was kept wet. Dust sources were mainly the entry and exit of earth loading trucks which bring dirt along with their tires. Monitoring result (TSP concentration value in the air with different distances to the construction site) is shown in Table 5.3-1 and Fig 5.3-1. Table 5.3-1 TSP concentration (mg/m3) change in the air near the construction site Concentration average No. Distance Concentration scope value value I Site boundary 1.259-2 308 1 784 2 10 m in leeward direction of site boundary 0 458-0.592 0.525 3 30 m in the leeward direction of site boundary 0.544-0 670 0.607 If the above data is plotted into a curve, the impacted scope on average was about 80-90 m to the site boundary. Therefore, it will bring impacts to air quality and the surrounding residents. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Distance (m) 10 20 30 40 50 100 Concentration (mg/m3) 1 75 1 30 0780 0.365 0.345 0.330 108 Fig 5.3-1 TSP concentration change in the air nea IT the construction site (Spring) 2 . 1.2 - - 0. 8 ----- . r.-. i- 0 I I 1 2 3 4 5 6 It can be seen from Fig 5.3-1 that within 40 m of the surrounding areas to the construction site, the TSP concentration value shows an obvious descending trend. Outside the 50 m scope, the TSP concentration values are basically stable. 9 During the construction, the activities such as material mixing and stirring and loading and unloading, all will cause dust air bor. In addition, due to the construction of roads and interchanges, it will add the workload of the existing concrete and asphalt stirring sites and stations, increasing correspondingly pollutant emission from these mixing statsions. 3C As there is some closure for construction sections, it will increase the car flow in other roads, easily causing traffic congestion and jam, lengthening the idle time of motor vehicles and lowering the motor vehicle operating efficiency, and thus increasing the air emission and making the air pollution more serious. Experience from other urban transport projects show that large urban transport projects could cause major and city wide traffic jams as construction activities occupied and reduced the capacity of trunk roads. Air pollution, from air born to motor vehicle emissions were worsened compared with the pre-construction time. This phenomenon could occur in Wuhan as the current project components will mostly take place in major urban roads. 5.3.2 Mitigation measurcs The following mitigation measures will be taken to address the air quality impacts durilng construction: X According to a survey on various construction sites in Wuhan, virtually all construction sites are fenced with sheet metals or other solid fences to reduce dust from escaping the sites. Similar measures will be taken in this project where possible. The height of the solid fences will be in accordance with the ordinance No. 109 (1999) by the People's Government of Wuhan City, Article 7, MANAGEMENT METHOD ON CIVILIZED CONSTRUCTION OF 109 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION OF WUHAN CITY. The city regulations says: "...for the construction site of the building structures which is near the trunk road, sightseeing road, landscape, airport, harbor, station square, etc, the fencing height shall not be less than 2.4 m. For other sections of the construction site of the building structures, the enclosure height shall not be less than 2 m. The fence shall be firm, clean and good appearance.". This requirements will be fully complied in this project. In addition, demolition near sensitive receptors such as schools, hospitals, residential areas, the enclosure height will not be less than the height of the demolishing structures. AR For each construction section, one dedicated staff member will be engaged to water the construction site to prevent dust from air born. The number of times for watering will depend on the weather. But in general, watering will take place in the morning (7:00-8:00), at noon (12:00-13:00) and in the evening (17:30-19:00). When the wind velocity is greater than grade 3 in a dry day, watering will be conducted every 2 hours. According to analogy investigation, there is a large difference for construction sites with watering practice and those without. Details are shown in Table 5.3-2. Table 5.3-2 Air born dust (TSP) concentration (mg/m3) near construction site Distance (m) Site without sprinkling Site with sprinkling 10 1 75 0 437 20 1 30 0 350 30 078 0310 40 0.365 0 265 50 0.345 0.250 100 0 330 0.238 X The vehicles which transport cement, building materials and construction wastes will strictly follow No. 24 ordinance (1990) of the People's Government of Wuhan, TENTATIVE STIPULATION ON CONSTRUCTION REFUSE AND TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT OF WUHAN. Article No. 10 of this regulations indicates. "while transporting construction refuse, loss or spill or fly of the waste materials is forbidden. Vehicles transporting construction refuse shall bear no dirt to pollute the road surface". Canopy canvas will be provided in this project to trucksk locaed with bulk and powdering materials to prevent the materials from air born. Before exiting the loading sites, water will be used to flush the trucks bodies and particularly tires; AR According to TENTATIVE STIPULATION ON CONSTRUCTION REFUSE AND TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT OF WUHAN, Article No. 7, "the route for transporting construction refuse will be determined by the environmental protection bureau together with the public security and traffic management department. The transport unit and individual for transporting construction refuse will strictly follow the pre-approved routes". While determining the route for transporting the construction refuse, urban centers and sensitive receptors will be avoided where possible. 110 X For each construction section, one special environmental protection and management staff member will be provided. His duty is to direct and control the disposal, transport and storage of construction refuse, construction waste building materials, site restoration, removal of the excessive materials, spoil and on the road in and out of the construction sites and mud on the tires. XC According to the investigation of TSP impacted scopes, the distance of supplies yard, cement and asphalt mixing stations and other temporary supply sites to the residential areas and environmental sensitive receptors will not be less than 200 m. X The above mitigation measures will be enforced through dedicated supervision staff from PMO who will tour the constructin sites regularly and by inclusion of the above measures into the construction contracts so that the measures will be contractual obligations to contractors. 5.4 Surface Water Impacts and Mitigation 5.4.1 Water Impact The wastewater produced during the construction phase of this project is mainly from the slurry water produced by construction excavation operation, cleaning water from construction machinery and transport vehicles, domestic sewage produced from construction camps, and the surface runoff water produced from disturbed soil. According to past road construction experience in Wuhan city, there are about 150 workers for each segment of road construction. Assuming water consumption per capita is 0.04 m3 every day, domestic sewage from each construction camp is about 4.8 m3/d. The main pollutants in the domestic sewage are COD, oil and SS. Construction camps also discharge wastewater from equipment and machinery maintenance and cleaning. The wastewater discharged from the construction camps is shown in Table 5.4-1. Table 5.4-1 Discharge Volume of Construction Wastewater at Each Segment Class of wastewater Discharge Item COD oil SS Concentration of 200-300 <5 0 20-80 Domestic sewage 4 8 pollutant (mg/L) Whether up to Overproof 0.3 -1 0 Up to U osadr standard time standard Discharged water Concentration of 20-30 50-80 from road 2 pollutant (mg/L) maintenance Whether up to Up to standard / Up to standard Discharged water Concentration of 50-80 1 0-2 0 150-200 from cleaning of 5 pollutant (mg/L) construction site Whether up to Up to standard Up to Overproof 0 3- standard standard I 0 time Discharged water Concentration of 10-20 0 5-1 0 10- 15 from equipment 4 pollutant (mg/L) cooling Whether up to Up to standard Up to Up to standard ______~~~standard standard U osadr Class 11standard in GB 8978-1996 "Standard of Comprehensive 150 10 150 Discharge of Sewage (mg/L) Table 5.4-1 shows that during the construction phase, COD in domestic sewage and SS in Ill other wastewater will exceed the discharge standards. As most construction activities will be in the urban built up areas, domestic sewage and other wastewater from the camps are expected to drain into municipal sewer system nearby. In the sewer system, wastewater will increase the content of silt in the municipal drainage pipe, which could cause clog the pipeline affecting the wastewater and flood discharge capacity. When there is no municipal sewer such as the road segments in the suburb areas, sewage will flow into the neighboring surface water bodies. Such direct discharges could cause increases in COD and SS content in the receiving water bodies and pollution of the surroundings. When the East Lake section of the Qinghua Road is constructed, the construction wastewater will be discharged into the Lake directly. According to the standard Class I in GB 8978-1996 "Standard of Comprehensive Discharge of Sewage", the concentration of COD in the domestic sewage discharged from the construction camps will exceed the standard by 1.0-2.0 times. Since the discharge volume of domestic sewage is smaller, which is only 4.8 m3 /d, the sewage discharge is expected to impact only a small area near the discharge outlet in the East Lake. Another major source of impacts to surface water bodies is the surface runoff and wastewater from in-water construction activities such as those to occur for Qinghua road. Typically, surface runoff will contain high concentrations of silt or suspended solids, and sometimes oil from construction machinery. In the urban areas, the surface runoff would discharged to the storm or combined sewers as discussed above, but in the suburb such as the Qinghua road area, the surface runoff will be discharged to the nearby lake directly. The increased SS in the receiving water may deplete dissolved oxygen and impacts the water as habitats for fish, plants or other aquatic life or migration birds. The wastewater impacts in the construction phase is expected to last for a certain period of time. Once construction activities complete, the pollution source will no longer exist. However, the receiving wter, the lakes, is very stagnant and water exchange is very slow. As a result, the assimilative capacity of the lakes is very limited and any contamination of the water body would take a long time to recover, and as such the impacts, if occur, may last a long time. 5.4.2 Protective and Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures will be taken to minimize the impacts to the water environment: X Strictly carry out orderly construction activities and construction site management as required by Wuhan government. Random discharge of sewage will be forbidden. In the urban built up areas with proper infrastructure, all sewage from construction camps will be discharged to the municipal sewers. In the suburb areas, particularly in the sensitive water bodies such as East Lake and Mushui Lake, construction camps will be requested to build 112 septic tanks to provide a certain levels of treatment before it is discharged to the lakes. The sludge in the septic tanks will be cleaned by municipal services regularly and will be strictly banned to discharged to the receiving waterbodies. SC Clause 18 in the "Ordinances of Lake Protection of Wuhan City" stipulates that, "if the construction project needs to discharge water temporarily into the municipal public drainage facilities, it will obtain a "License of Temporary Drainage" issued by the relevant water department in advance. Before it is discharged, a deposit in advance is required. For discharge without the approval and without deposition in advance, it will not be discharged into the urban public drainage facilities directly." This project will comply with this requirement and obtain the temporary permit ahead of time. AX In sensitive surface waterbodies, such as East Lake and Mushui Lake, where surface runoff could drained to the lakes directly, interception ditches and holding tanks will be built to collected the runoff. Following the settling, the cleaner supematant will be allowed to discharged to the lakes. In smaller areas, filters will be provided to the runoff before it is drained to the lakes. AC The section of East Lake Port-Wangqing Highway of Qinghua Road will be built as an elevatedNviaduct ,over East Lake. Its construction will increase the contents of SS in the lake. Cofferdam construction methods will be used to minimize the disturbance to the surrounding water. The slurry produced from drilling will be pumped settling tanks on shore before discharging. 5.5 Aquatic Life Impact and Mitigation 5.5.1 Impacts General The wastewater in the construction phase consists of domestic sewage and construction related wastewater. The main pollutant in construction wastewater are sand, silt and sometimes oil, while the main pollutant in domestic sewage are COD, oil, SS and NH4 -N. In each urban area construction site, existing houses will be rent temporarily as construction camps. Domestic sewage will be drained into the urban underground sewer system and then into the final receptor. A temporary living quarter will be built in each suburban construction camp. The domestic sewage will be collected and discharged to nearby receiving waterbodies. which will cause adverse impacts to water quality and aquatic life in the waterbodies. In addition, construction wastewater from sites near water such as Qinghua road could drain directly into.the receivng waterbody. Such discharges will force fish to move away or even a fish kill near tlie wastewater sources. Qinghua road The most potentially affected water body is East Lake near Qinghua road. The area is 113 sensitive since as a wetland it serves as a habit to many aquatic lives. Any wastewater discharge would affect water quality and thus the conditions for these lives. As the aquatic flora, plankton, fish and other lives are also food sources for migrating birds in these areas, any impacts to the aquatic life could also affect the habit for the birds. Furthermore, construction noise and other massive construction activities would also affect the otherwise quiet area as a habitat for migrating birds. Qinghua road will pass East Lake water surface for about 1000 m. While complete, this will be a 1028 m elevated viaduct, to be located between Tangling lake and Xiaotan lake. At present, this area includes about 500 m narrow farmland and the reminder is about 500 m narrow (1 m wide) dyke, separating the two lakes. On the Xiaotan lake side, it has a small area of weeds which has relatively good water quality and is a habitat for about 30 species of water fowls. The road construction will occupy part of the lake shore areas, removing the vegetation which could be the habit and food sources for birds. As described above, the discharge of domestic and construction wastewater could affect the water quality and the aquatic life which, in turn, support the migrating birds. The most apparent impacts would be to drive away fish, water fowls and migrating birds away from the impacted area. The site investigation and consultation with wetland and biodiversity specialists of Wuhan University during the EA show that the core areas of the East Lake wetland are mainly in the crisscrossed, shallow water areas in Yangchun lake and Xiaotan lake. The proposed Qinghua road alignment is about 1000 m to the closest core area. The road site itself is in buffer or peripheral zone of the wetland. While the road construction will affect the wetland, it will be unlikely to directly impact the wetland cores. But the construction noise and other construction activities near at the road site will make this arae unsitable as habitat for water fowls and birds. These wildlife will be driven towards other areas of the lake. 5.5.2 Mitigation measures General mitigation measures The following mitigation measures will be taken during construction: A Install holding and settling tank in each construction site near the waterbody to intercept surface runoff from construction site and other sources of construction wastewater. The runoff must be settled first before the supernatant may be drained to the nearby waterbody such as East Lake. A The construction site will be cleaned timely, with good housekeeping. Debris and construction waste will be stored properly and away from direct contact with rain water. These waste materials will be timely removed from the site. 3X No construction material or debris will also be stacked near wastewater outlets. Sludge from the holding tanks will be cleared timely to prevent it from building up. 114 AX For construction camps set up in suburb areas where are not serviced by the municipal sewer systems, septic tanks with sufficient capacity will be installed at each camp. All domestic wastewater will be drained to the septic tanks first before discharged to the receiving water. X Contractors will be trained for common knowledge about environmental protection to enhance their environmental awareness and specific practices for protecting water quality, aquatic life and other parts of the ecosystem. Mitigation specific for Qinghua road AX The construction will strictly comply with the Wuhan Lake Protection Regulations. More specifically, the road construction must ensure it will not cause lake area and water depth reduction, and damage to weeds and other higher aquatic lives. Any damage to aquatic life, flora or otherwise, will be restored and recovered after construction. The Regulations require that no activities shall reduce the amount of the aquatic vegetation and water fowls habitats and the construction will ensure a full compliance with this requirement. X Cofferdam methods will be used for construction of column for the elevated viaduct for Qinghua road, to isolate the in-water construction activities from the surrounding main waterbody of the lake. All slurry from the construction site, as well as other wastewater generated during in-water construction will be pumped into the holding ponds at shore for treatment before discharge. No direct discharge into the lake will be allowed. AX In addition, heavy and noisy construction activities for Qinghua road will be scheduled in the time of year when migrating birds are back to the north (spring to fall) to minimize the impacts to the birds. However, this will also be the rainy season and certain construction activities will be affected and even restricted. So the effect of this measures in mitigating the noise impacts will be limited. Modern construction technologies will be applied to shorten the construction time, thus the impacting time, as much as possible. X All slurry and sludge from the in-water construction activities, as well as other construction waste will be strictly forbidden to disposed into the lake. They will be hauled away and disposed in landfills. XC Near water construction will be closely supervised by the PMO, in addition to the normal construction supervision practices. The PMO will send dedicated and well trained environmental staff at the key construction stages of Qinghua road to ensure appropriate mitigation measures are actually taken and effective. Any successive impacts and those exceeding predicted by this EA will be promptly reported to the PMO and the contractor. Additional mitigation measures will be proposed, designed and implemented to addressed the newly identified impacts. 5.6 Vegetation Impacts and Mitigation 5.6.1 Impact 115 Road widening, construction material stacking and new road construction will invade roadside vegetation such as grass, trees and bushes. The roadside vegetation will be impacted to various degrees. In particular, a number of trees will be cut to give a way to road widening and new road construction. The exact number of trees to be lost to the project is summarized in Table 5.6-1. Table 5.6-1 Vegetation Impacts No. Road Sections No. of Trees to be Cut No. of New Trees to be Planted I MRR-north 388 2400 2 MRR-south 52 400 3 Qinghua road 48 2000 4 Huangpu road 64 650 5 Hansha road 56 100 6 Lanshankou interchange(Jinshui road) 0 100 7 Guocikou interchange 0 100 8 Youyiroad 112 140 9 Hongkong road 198 (one side) 380 10 Hongkong road interchange 0 30 11 Hanxier road 46 265 12 Hanxi road 0 50 13 Nanniwan interchange 84 140 14 Jianshe boulevard 448 300 15 Zhongshan boulevard 132 50 16 : : 'Houhu road 50 520 17 Yanhe boulevard 23 140 18 Lugougiao road S0 100 19 Taibeiyi road 64 180 20 Meizi road 64 120 21 Maying road 38 200 22 Sixin boulevard 55 200 23 Zhongshanbei road 24 200 24 Jisan road 23 300 25 Loushinan road 180 260 26 Shibeiling road 46 180 27 Qinyuan road 54 260 28 Gongye boulevard 32 300 29 Ergiao ramp 20 50 Total 2351 10115 The above table shows that more trees will be planted than cut and the total number of trees will be increased after the construction, resulting in a positive impacts to the urban vegetation. However, as it will take several years for the young trees to grow and have the same green coverage and sizes of the shape as those cut by the project, there will still be impacts of lost green areas in the first several years after project completion. 5.6.2 Mitigation The following mitigation will be taken during construction: X The green belt occupied in the construction phase will be restored when the construction is finished , X According to the principle of "cut one tree and re-plant two", new trees will be planted to make up for the lost. Table 5.6-1 shows the actual tree compensation. The table shows that except Jianshe boulevard and Zhongshan boulevard, along all other project roads the newly planted trees will be near or more than twice as many as those cut. In total, 2351 trees will be 116 cut, but 10,115 new trees should be planted, more than four times as many. On the balance, there will be net positive impacts on vegetation. X The existing vegetation layout was taken into adequate consideration in the design phase and various designs will be implemented to protect the existing vegetation to the maximum extent possible. For example, the Hong Kong road expansion/widening will be one-sided such that all trees on the other side will be saved. 5.7 Community Impacts and Mitigation 5.7.1 Impact The project construction will require a complete closure of Hongkongbei road, MRR north, Qinghua road and Maying road. As these roads will be totally blocked for traffic during the construction phase, and it will adversely impact the living of the communities near the roads. The main impacts are as follows: X Communities will be separated, it will cause adverse influence to living, outing, work, study and access to services of the residents. The facilities along the closed roads will also be affected. In particular, the road closure will affect the access to hospitals and schools located on these roads, as the motor vehicle traffic will be completely suspended during the construction period. Table 5.7-1 shows the affected hospitals. Table 5.7-1 The main community hospitals to be affected by the construction Roads Hospitals/Schools locations Impacts scale Youyilg road Youyi road middle school wvest 1000 teachers/students Hongkong road No II Hospital/Ward north 300 bed IHongkong road No II Hospital/Clinic north I__ AX Normal commercial activities of shops and stores on both sides of the roads will be affected by the construction. The shoppers will feel the inconvenience and the business may thus be reduced during this period. X To and from factories and institutions along the roads will be affected because of the inconvenience. People may take longer time on the road to and from their work. 3A Besides above roads, construction for other roads will require partial closure or occupation of the roads. The partial-closure will cause traffic jam as well as access to the road side facilities on the side which is closed to traffic and under construction. X Construction safety will be concern. The construction sites, in the downtown and often crowded areas, will have many machine in movement posing potential risks to the local residnets. In addition, the elevated vaiduct, interchanges and overhead activities during house dismantling will pose a safety issue of falling objects which could hurt people on the street level. 5.7.2 Mitigation measures 117 The following mitigation will be taken during construction: X Temporary passageways and overhead protection walkways will be constructed ahead of the construction to provide safe and convenient access to and from the affected communities and key road side facilities. Construction around sensitive receptors will be speeded up to reduce the impact duration. AC Public transport such as bus routes will be carefully re-routed for the construction period. The new routes will be as close to the existing one as possible to minimize the impacts. §C Where construction requires demolition of the fence of walled communities and institutions, temporary fences will be erected within one month of the demolition to reduce the chances of public security incidents. AR The hospitals and schools which will be affected by the construction, temporary new gates on other streets will be created to avoid the impacts on access. Particular measures such as temporary access roads etc. will be created with considerations for the need of olderly, patients, children and other as sach. X All the construction materials will be handled and stored properly. Contractors will be requested in their construction contracts not to store any construction materials in areas other than those designated for construction. PMO's full time environmental supervision staff will have regular visits to the sites to enforce the requirements. All waste will be removed from the site in a timely manner. X The above mitigation measures will be coordinated with other relevant government agencies and organizations, including public security or the traffic police, municipal services companies, environmental protection bureau, environmental sanitation bureau, school and hospital authorities, etc. AS The PMO will conduct continued public consultation during construction to solicit public concern and opinions about the on-going construction activities. In every construction site, large, eye-catching boards will be erected on the sites showing contact name, position and telehpone numbers for easy public access to vent their concerns. Prior to major construction activities or those which could have significant impacts such as night time construction or piling, etc, local communities will be visited and consulted for their concerns and opinions. PMO will take prompt actions to address any concerns raised from the public. 5.8 Traffic Impact and Mitigation 5.8.1 Impact In the construction phase, the project roads will be closed or partially closed. On the completely closed roads, motor vehicles will be not allowed to pass. In some cases, even bicycle traffic and pedestrian can be restricted for safety reason. The current bus line will be temporarily re-routed and all other motor vehicle traffic, detoured. On the partially closed roads, one side of the road will remain open to traffic while the other side under construction 118 will be fully closed. While motor vehicle traffic, pedestrians, bicycle will continuously be allowed to pass, the road traffic capacity will be substantially reduced during the construction period. Because of these road closure and semi-closure, the traffic volumes on other roads will increase, their speeds, decrease, resulting in congestion and traffic jam. 5.8.2 Mitigation measures The following mitigation measures for impacts on traffic: X The traffic management department will make traffic plans for construction phase, with considerations of potential impacts to traffic which in turn, to residents and local communities, access to services, outings, etc. AX The construction will be conducted in a partially-closed manner where possible, particularly in busy and critical roads. Namely, half of the sheets will be open to traffic while the other half is under construction. P. Strengthening traffic management and organization. All transit motor vehicles will be requested to use the outer-ring road and not allowed to enter into the urban center, to reduce the traffic volume on the urban roads. AX The semi-closed roads will be converted temporarily to one-way streets to avoid traffic jams. In some roads, the semi-closed roads may be closed to other traffic except bus, taxi and bicycles. AC The transportation of materials and solid waste will not be conducted in the traffic peak hours. 5.9 Solid Waste Disposal 5.9.1 Volume of solid waste produced during construction The planned project is a transportation project in Wuhan City, composed by various works including civil construction, for road network building, urban truck roads improvement, pedestrian bridges and public transport facilities. Upon demolition of the existing old buildings and clearing the construction site, there will be a large amount construction solid waste such as waste earthworks and construction debris, demolished materials, etc. from construction and foundation excavation. According to information offered by the designer, during construction excavation of about 2,690,000 m3 earthwork will be produced and filling of 2,090,000 m3 will be needed. In addition, it is estimated that waste stonework will be about 600,000 m3. Since the entire project needs large number of fill, available suitable backfill earthwork fails to meet the needs of construction, the constructors is planned to borrow earthwork from other places (environmental impact caused by borrowing pits from other places is included in the chapter on ecological impact assessment). Total earthwork and stonework excavated during construction period is shown in Table 5.9- 1. In addition, demolition and construction will be generate a large amount of solid waste. It is estimated that during construction period there will be demolition waste of 1,1 00,000 m3 and construction waste of 600,000 m3 . 119 According to information offered by the design engineers, Wuhan Municipal Engineering Design Institute, the estimated solid waste produced during the construction period is shown in Table 5.9-1. Table 5.9-1 Volume of solid waste produced during the construction period (unit: ton) Designation Demolition waste Construction Earthwork refuse Middle Zone (San Jintan-Dijiao) 125000 Yanhe Avenue (Gutianerlu Road-Jianghan Second Bridge) 794 52680- Lugouqiao Road (Jiefang Avenue-Yanjiang Avenue) 4520 Wuzhi Road (Jisan Road to Centerline) 1725 43435 Youyi Road of Hankou (Jiefang Avenue-Zhongshan Avenue) 29237 34618 Luoshinan Road 22936 29279 116169 Gongye Avenue 40000 143840 Dazhi Road 3477 Meizi Road 38014 7240 42195 Qinyuan Road 120952 47200 103976 Taibeiyi Road 32299 5579 9006 Huangpu Avenue 108763 68350 Shi Pailing 52560 2046 Hanxi'erlu Road 89329 2780 71872 Maying Road 60305 5060 60827 Jianshe Avenue (Huangpu Road-Ergi Road) 127252 53701 Qinghua Road 129504 549162 Project of the both approaches of Second Bridge 12895 360 2460 Zhongbei Road 1800 29784 56629 Houhu Road 1665 160000 477330 Sixin Avenue of Hanyang (Shisheng Road-Yingwu Avenue) 230223 24316 464045 Xianggang Road 102736 42721 Jisan Road (Wuxian Road-Xunsi River) 52080 85666 Jisan Road (Xunsi River-Shi Pailing) 67500 22500 135503 Total 1100505 609863 2695527 5.9.2 Solid waste disposal The construction period will generate a large amount of solid waste such as earthwork, silts, waste concrete, demolition waste and household rubbish. Contractors will not be allowed to random dump the waste which will occupy valuable land, causing pollution to the environment, and impact the landscape. As for disposal, complying with relevant regulations by the government, contractors will be requested to dispose of the solid waste generated to dedicted landfill sites. Where possible, the excavated earthwork and other construction waste may be used for backfilling. Those which may be recycled, such as demolished building materials will be delivered to relevant recycling companies for re-use. The PMO will enter into agreement with relevant authority in the city as to how and where to dispose the construction waste. It is necessary to make sure that the urban construction waste disposal site will be available for construction and demolition waste. Proper procedures for environment control will be taken at disposal sites, including daily cover, trees planting, site reclamation after completion, etc. During the construction period all household rubbish produced by the contractors will be first 120 stored properly on site and sent to dedicated municipal landfills for final disposal in an environmental sound manner. 5.10 Impact to Cultural Relics and Mitigations During Construction 5.10.1 Impacts The vibration from construction machinery and heavy duty construction vehicles will affect the New Fourth Army Headquarters and the Xinhai revolutionary gate. These are basically wood and brick structure, which can be affected by heavy vibration. But, since these cultural relics are relatively new (1920's and 1980's, respectively), and there is no heavy vibration operation such as piling near these facilities, the vibration impacts are limited. In addition, the dust and noise from construction activities will also impact these cultural relics, primarily for cultural relics maintenance and visitors to the sites. Besides the known cultural relics, there are possibilities that chance finds may occur during construction for underground archaeological sites. In particular Wuhan is a city with a long history (over 800 years recorded history for the city) and many archaeological finds have been uncovered in and around Wuhan in the past, such possibilities do exist. If not protected properly during construction, archaeological chance finds could be damaged during construction. 5.10.2 Mitigation The following mitigation measures will be taken: Xc All heavy duty trucks will be slowed down near the cultural relics sites to minimize the vibration and noise. A Construction machinery will be well maintained to be in good conditions before allowed to enter the sites. AR All construction sites will be watered regularly during the dry and windy days to reduce air born dust. All trucks containing bulk materials will be covered. A If an archaeological chance find is uncovered, the construction activities will be halted immediately. The contractors will be requested to provide the maximum protection possible to such finds. The cultural authority and archaeological professionals will be called promptly to the site to make an evaluation. The construction may only be resumed with the approval of the cultural authority, after their evaluation. 5.11 Contractor Management It is recognized that contractors working on the project will be a key in environmental management, pollution control and impact mitigation during construction. A number of measures will be taken to ensure that the contractors will be aware of their responsibilities and obligations in environmental protection. These measures include 121 XC All contractors and construction supervision will be required to participate in a mandatory environmental training program prior to the start of construction onsite. A The above mitigation measures will be, where appropriate, included in the tendering documents for contractors and eventually in the construction contracts so that they will be the contractual requirements for contractors working on the project. A Contractors will be requested to monitor their environmental activities and provide a dairy on environmental performance on a daily or weekly basis. These records will be subject to supervision and review by the PMO and construction monitoring teams. X All contractors will be requested to provide a dedicated, full time environmental staff on each section of the project roads. These environmental staff will be trained by the training program first to be qualified for their job. No contracts will be deemed effective and started priort to completion of the environmental training. 3A The contractors will be requested to communicate and consult the communities where they work. An eye-catching public notice board will be erected in each road section to notice the public of the main construction activities at this particular site and construction duration. At the same time, the board will provide contact names and telephone numbers to the public to express their concerns and complaints about the construction activities. 122 6 . Environmental Impacts Assessment and Mitigations during Operation Phase 6.1 Air impact assessment and mitigation 6.1.1 Methodology Air quality impacts will be predicted for both sides of the project roads, surrounding areas of project interchanges, surrounding areas of bus terminals, as well as air shed for the Wuhan region. To forecast emission levels from motor vehicle fleet in Wuhan and potential impacts to air quality by operation of this urban transport project, a series of mathematical models are used in the EA. All these models have been successfully applied in the past in other urban transport projects in China, including those financed by the World Bank. These models and their main purposes are: AX MOBIL5, to calculate the automobile emission intensity and quantity. The model, originally developed by the US EPA, was modified by Qinghua University to fit with the motor vehicle fleet composition and operation conditions in Wuhan. This model has been widely applied in several cities in China and showed a good modeling results and gained extensive experience. As China's motor vehicle emission study and control are still in the beginning stage without extensive statistical data, using the US EPA model with appropriate modifications made based on local conditions have been the most effective approach for modeling the motor vehicle emission factor or intensity. A ISCLT3, to forecast potential impacts of the project to the regional air shed in the project area. This model was again promoted first by the US EPA to predict air quality in an air shed with considerations for point, area, liner and other sources of air emissions in a region. It requires limited data import and is suitable for areas where there is a lack of comprehensive data and/or high accuracy of the data. The application of this model helps understand project impacts from the city wide perspective; and AX CALINE4, the Gaussain equation based model is to forecast potential impacts of the project to air quality adjacent to the project roads. Extensive application of this model by the US EPA as well as successful application of this model in Tianjin, Beijing and Shijiazhuang of China have demonstrated the suitableness of this model in the relatively simple topography urban areas for predicting dispersion of emissions from motor vehicles. This model helps understand the dispersion of the air pollutants from motor vehicle emissions to the surrounding area and as such understand project impacts from project area perspective. The actual modeling work was completed by Qinghua University, a leading environmental school in China. The Qinghua's modeling team has been involved in numerous urban transport projects and air quality sector studies in China which were financed by the World Bank. This team has also been assisting SEPA on setting national policies and standards for 123 motor vehicle emissions. As motor vehicle traffic along project roads will increase over years, potential project impacts would also change with time. To understand short, medium and long term impacts from the project operation, the above models have been applied for the years 2007 (the year when all project construction is scheduled to complete and all project roads will be operational), 2012 and 2020. Meteorological conditions are critical factors affecting dispersion of motor vehicle emission dispersion, and thus the level of potential impacts of these emissions to the surrounding air quality and surrounding environments. These conditions are also key parameters or coefficients in the ISCLT and CALINE4 models. In this EA, the meteorological information involved in the forecast of the urban regional environmental air quality comes from the conventional meteorological data for the latest three years (1999-2001) in Wuhan City. The data are provided by Hubei Meteorological Environment Assessment Center. 6.1.2 Meteorological characteristics Main meteorological characteristics in the latest three years (1999-2001) of Wuhan City are preseted in Table-6.1-1 through 6.1-6. 124 Table 6.1-1 Seasonal average wind velocity (m/s) and direction frequency \-- Season,. year Wind Item Spring Summer Fall Winter Year N Frequency 4 4 6 7 5 Wind velo 19 15 1 7 16 16 NNE Frequency 7 8 12 10 9 Wind velo 2 0 1 9 2 0 1 8 1 9 NE Frequency 8 11 11 14 11 Wind velo. 1 7 17 18 1 6 1.7 ENE Frequency 6 6 6 5 5 Wind velo 1 5 1 7 1 6 1 5 1.6 E Frequency 5 5 3 3 4 Wind velo 1 3 1 3 1 3 12 1 3 ESE Frequency 6 6 2 1 4 Wind velo 16 1.4 1.6 17 1 5 SE Frequency 5 6 3 2 4 Wind velo 1.6 1 4 1 4 1 3 1 5 SSE Frequency 3 3 1 I 2 Wind velo. 1.5 1 7 1.4 13 1 6 Frequency 3 3 1 1 2 Wind velo 1.4 1 4 1 4 1 2 1 4 SSW Frequency 2 2 1 1 1 Wind velo 1 6 2 1 1 6 1 3 1.8 Frequency 2 4 1 1 2 Wind velo 1 5 1 8 16 13 1 7 WSW Frequency 4 3 1 1 2 Wind velo. 1 5 1.6 1 3 1 5 1 5 W Frequency 5 6 1 2 4 Wind velo. 1.3 1.4 12 13 1 4 WNW Frequency 2 2 1 2 2 Wind velo 1.5 1.9 14 15 1.6 NW Frequency 5 5 7 5 5 Wind velo. 1.7 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 5 NNW Frequency 5 3 8 5 5 Wind velo 2 1 1 7 1.7 1 8 1.8 C Frequency 31 24 33 40 32 Table 6.1-2 Average value of meteorological elements in Wuhan City Seasons, Year Item Spring Summer Fall Winter Year Air pressure (hPa) 1011 2 1002 0 1015.6 1023 4 1013 1 Precipitation (mm) 336 0 426 0 237.1 154 4 1153 4 Temperature ('C) 18 0 28 3 18.6 6 2 17.8 Humidity (%) 71 75 75 75 74 WWmd velocity (m/s) 1.2 1.2 1.1 1 0 1.1 Table 6.1-3 Seasonal atmospheric stability frequency (%) in Wuhan City Stability Ft A B C D E F Spring 1 17 11 29 28 14 Summer I 14 12 30 29 14 Fall 0 15 9 30 27 19 Winter 0 10 5 35 31 19 Year 0 14 9 31 29 17 125 Table 6.1-4 Monthly average temperature in the recent three years in Wuhan City CC) Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Average 4.7 75 12 3 18.0 23.6 26 4 30 3 28 2 25 7 18.4 11 7 65 temperature Table 6.1-5 Average mixed layer height of each stability in Wuhan (m) Type of stability A-B C D E-F Mixed layer height (m) 730 630 300 220 Table 6.1-6 Combined frequency of wind direction and velocity and atmospheric stability (%) Wind velocity <2 2.0-2.9 3.0-4.9 5.0-5.9 Ž6.0 ______Stability ______A-B 0.547 0 023 0 023 0 000 0.000 C 0 000 0 342 0 274 0 000 0 000 N D 1.163 0.707 0 456 0 000 0 023 E-F 1.232 0 547 0 046 0 000 0 000 A-B 0 525 0.205 0.000 0 000 0 000 NNE C 0 000 0 616 0.456 0 000 0.000 D 1.232 1 597 1.323 0 091 0 000 E-F 1.642 1 072 0.228 0 000 0.000 A-B 1 118 0.205 0.046 0.000 0 000 C 0 000 1.026 0 342 0.000 0 000 NE D 2.144 1.437 1.095 0.091 0 023 E-F 2.258 1.300 0.023 0 000 0 000 A-B 0.662 0 274 0.023 0.000 0.000 ENE C 0.000 0 662 0 205 0 000 0 000 D 1 141 0.570 0.297 0 023 0 000 E-F 1 163 0.433 0.023 0 000 0 000 A-B 0.958 0.091 0 000 0.000 0.000 E C 0 000 0 297 0 046 0 000 0 000 D 1 004 0 297 0 046 0 000 0.000 E-F 1 186 0.205 0 000 0 000 0 000 A-B 0 570 0.251 0.023 0.000 0 000 ESE C 0.000 0.456 0.182 0.000 0.000 D 0.456 0.342 0.068 0 000 0.000 E-F 0 890 0 297 0.023 0.000 0 000 A-B 0 639 0.228 0.000 0 000 0 000 SE C 0 000 0.753 0.137 0 000 0.000 D 0 684 0.274 0 046 0 000 0 000 E-F 1.118 0 228 0.000 0.000 0 000 A-B 0.365 0.251 0.023 0.000 0 000 SSE C 0 000 0 205 0.091 0 000 0 000 D 0 205 0.182 0.068 0 000 0.000 E-F 0.502 0.091 0 000 0 000 0 000 A-B . 0.570 0.160 0.000 0.000 0.000 .. __. . .. 0 000 0 205 0 068 0 000 0.000 D 0 251 0.046 0 023 0 000 0 000 I E-F 0 411 0 068 0 000 0.000 0 000 126 (Continuded) Wind velocity Wi dir <2 2.0-2.9 3.0-4.9 5.0-5.9 >6.0 Stability A-B 0.205 0 068 0.091 0.000 0.000 C 0.000 0 228 0 137 0 000 0 000 SSW D 0 114 0 114 0 023 0 000 0 000 E-F 0 228 0.046 0 000 0 000 0.000 A-B 0 433 0319 0 114 0 000 0.000 C 0 000 0.205 0.160 0 000 0 000 SW D 0.205 0 137 0.023 0 000 0 000 E-F 0.388 0 114 0 000 0 000 0 000 A-B 0.456 0 137 0.000 0 000 0.000 C 0.000 0411 0.114 0 000 0.000 WSW D 0 228 0.205 0 023 0 000 0.000 E-F 0.525 0.160 0 000 0 000 0.000 A-B 0 547 0.091 0.000 0000 0.000 w C 0.000 0.137 0.114 0 000 0 000 D 0 707 0.411 0 046 0 000 0 000 E-F 1.232 0.251 0.000 0.000 0.000 A-B 0 114 0.205 0.000 0 000 0 000 C 0.000 0 114 0.046 0.000 0.000 WNW D 0 388 0 274 0 046 0.000 0 000 E-F 0 411 0 251 0 000 0 000 0 000 A-B 0 662 0 205 0 000 0 000 0 000 C 0 000 0.342 0 091 0 000 0 000 NW D 1 232 0 776 0 160 0 023 0.000 E-F 1.232 0 525 0 000 0 000 0 000 A-B 0 342 0.091 0.023 0 000 0.000 C 0.000 0 547 0 205 0 000 0.000 NNW D 0 981 0 958 0 753 0.000 0 000 E-F 0.776 0 616 0 023 0.000 0 000 A-B 2.600 C 0 000 D 5.794 E-F 23 518 The above table shows that in general, the average wind speed in Wuhan, based on the latest three years meteorological data, is 1.1 rn/s and average temperature, 17.8 'C. The atmospheric stability is primarily D and E, with frequencies of occurrence of 3 1% and 29%, respectively. This indicates that the local climate is in general tends to be stable, not a favorite condition for 127 air pollutants to be dispersed and diluted once emitted from motor vehicles and other sources. 6.1.3 Air impacts forecast results and assessment Emission factor/intensity modeling results Motor vehicle emission factor/intensity is forecasted based on the composition and conditions of existing motor vehicle fleet in Wuhan. The model also considers relevant pollution control laws and regulations for motor vehicle emissions as well as further emission control standards planning. Basically Euro3 emission standards for motor vehicles will be implemented in Wuhan City in 2010 and Euro4 in 2015, according to relevant city and environmental plans. MOBILE5 mode is based on the average running speed of motor vehicles in the city. This mode classifies motor vehicles into eight categories: small passenger vehicle (LDGV), light-duty gasoline vehicle (LDGTI), medium-duty gasoline vehicle (LDGT2), heavy-duty gasoline vehicle (HDGT), light-duty diesel vehicle (LDDV), light-duty diesel truck (LDDT), heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) and motorcycles. As the light-duty diesel vehicle and light-duty diesel truck presently are very limited in number in the city, they are ignored in the modeling for this project. Table 6.1-7 through Table 6.1-11 presented respectively the emission factor modeling results for 2007, 2012 (apply Euro3 control standards and not apply, respectively) and 2020 (apply Euro4 control standards and not apply the standards, respectively). Table 6.1-7 Emission factor under several average running speeds in 2007 (g/kmn) Average running Small Light-duty Medium-duty Heavy-duty Heavy-duty speed* passenger Motorcycle gasoline vehicle gasoline vehicle gasoline vehicle diesel vehicle km/h vehicle 15 2.39 2 91 3 19 7 79 3.37 6.56 21.56 22.04 3060 96 15 16.51 25.33 1.45 1.29 1 80 4.47 22.22 0.10 25 1.72 2.07 2.25 5 00 2.56 5.02 15.78 1647 22.86 6162 1094 14.59 1.37 1 22 1-70 4 75 18 36 0 10 60 0.86 1 10 118 1 93 1 28 3 70 6.03 6.93 9 63 25.89 4 59 5.71 1.43 1.20 1.68 5 70 14 65 0 13 * Assumed speeds, not necessarily the actual motor vehicle speeds in the city 128 Table 6.1-8 Emission factor under several average running speeds in 2020 (g/km) Average running Small Light-duty Medium-duty Heavy-duty Heavy-duty speed passenger Motorcycle gasoline vehicle gasoline vehicle gasoline vehicle diesel vehicle km/h vehicle 15 0.64 0.77 1.48 2.19 1.85 3.69 6.33 6.46 13.59 18.75 9.50 9.43 0.44 0.38 0.91 1.24 10.36 0.09 25 0.48 0.57 1.05 1.46 1.40 3.13 4.64 4.82 10.15 12.02 6.29 5.43 0.41 0.36 0.86 1.31 8.56 0.09 60 0.29 0.36 0.58 0.67 0.70 2.65 1.77 2.03 4.27 5.05 2.64 2.13 0.44 0.36 0.85 1.58 6.83 0.13 Modeling results show that motor vehicle emission factor or intensity will be reduced in 2012 compared with 2007. This is because more stringent emission standards (Euro3) will be applied in the city. In fact, even if Euro3 is not to apply, the emission intensity for individual vehicles will still be reduced with other control measures the city plans to implement, such as I/M program which Wuhan has started in a small scale and will be expanded for the entire fleet gradually, and the old and high polluting vehicle retirement over the years. Similarly, it Euro3 and Euro4 are to be applied as scheduled, motor vehicle emission factor will have a substantial decrease in 2020, compared with 2007. Figure 6.1-1 shows NOx emission from a typical LDGT2 in the city with an average speed of 35 km/h under the Euro standards implementation and non implementation conditions, predicted by the model. Figu re, & 1-i Now EY1;iISion L aLtoi urtd.0 .Ty.ll ai -Sped (35 km/h) (g/koa) 0 iWt)74L 20)1; ;F ; 1 l{1J*8l Forecastresults of air quality on both sides ofproject roads 129 Based on motor vehicle emission factor predicted by the above model and the forecast road traffic volumes from project engineers, simulation is made for the atmospheric quality on both sides of the roads and the main sensitive receptors. CALINE4 I used in the simulation for pollutant (CO, NOx) concentrations in 3, 5, 10, 25 and 50 m to the road under general and most unfavorable conditions, respectively. The points of predictions are all assumed to be 1.5 m above the ground. The background concentration input in the CALINE4 model was the average concentration of the state designated reference area. The most unfavorable conditions refer to the motor vehicle traffic flows at peak hours and the most unfavorable meteorological conditions (calm wind, unfavorable wind direction, high stability and high mixing layer). As CALINE4 cannot directly be used for modeling NO2 and is lack of accuracy in its output for this parameter, some modifications have been made in modeling. These modifications, primarily about urban topography and motor vehicle characteristics, are similar to those made in other World Bank financed urban transport projects. The dispersion modeling results for both sides of project roads are shown in Table 6.1-8 and 6.1.9. 130 Table 6.1-8 Forecast result of air quality on both sides of road is shown in. 2007 Distance to 2072020 (with project) Road section . Without project With project roadside CO NOx CO NOx CO NOx m mg/mr3 mg/mr mg/rn3 mg/m3 mglm3 Mg/m3 3 0 0 2 4 0 289 1.8 0 150 Zhonghuanxian North 5 0 0 2.4 0 276 1.8 0 144 section iO 0 0 2 3 0 252 1 6 0 130 (Etouwan-Sanj ntan)s 25 0 0 2 0 0 200 1 6 0.104 50 0 0 1 9 0 157 1.5 0083 3 0 0 43 0749 24 0328 Zhonghuanxian North 5 0 0 4 1 0 728 2.4 0 319 section 10 0 0 3 9 0.652 2 3 0 283 (Etouwan-Sanjintan)h 25 0 0 3 1 0 492 2 0 0.211 50 0 0 2 8 0.379 1 9 0 166 3 0 0 18 0170 15 0.091 Zhonghuanxian North 5 0 0 1 8 0.163 1 5 0088 section (Sanjintan-Hanshi 10 0 0 1 8 0 149 1 5 0.081 Highway)s 25 0 0 16 0.124 1 5 0068 50 0 0 16 0.102 1 5 0.058 3 0 0 21 0 278 1 8 0.177 Zhonghuanxian North 5 0 0 2 1 0270 1 8 0.173 section (Sanjintan-Hanshi 10 0 0 2 0 0 248 1 8 0 162 Highway) h 25 0 0 19 0 196 1 6 0.120 50 0 0 1 8 0 159 1 6 0.098 3 0 0 16 0 118 1.5 0068 5 0 0 16 0.114 15 0.067 Zhonghuanxian East 10 0 0 16 0 106 1 5 0.062 section s 25 0 0 15 0 092 1 4 0 055 50 0 0 15 0 077 1 4 0.048 3 0 0 21 0289 1.6 0.121 5 0 0 21 0 280 1 6 0 118 Zhonghuanxian East 10 0 0 21 0256 1 6 0.107 section h 25 0 0 19 0 204 1 5 0 086 50 0 0 18 0 163 1 5 0.073 131 continued 2007 Distance to 2020 (with project) Road section Without project With project roadside CO NOx CO NOx CO Nox 3 0 0 2.1 0161 1 8 0102 5 0 0 21 0153 16 0097 Qinghua RD s 10 0 0 2.0 0 137 1.6 0.087 25 0 0 1 9 0 108 1.6 0.070 50 0 0 1 8 0 087 1 5 0 058 3 0 0 3 0 0.457 2.5 0 232 5 0 0 2 9 0.437 2.4 0 222 Qinghua RD h 10 0 0 2.8 0373 2 3 0.186 25 0 0 2.3 0 272 20 0 136 50 0 0 2 1 0211 19 0.106 3 0 0 2.9 0.190 2 1 0 132 5 0 0 2 8 0.182 2.0 0 125 Huangpu Rd s 10 0 0 2 6 0 165 2.0 0.112 25 0 0 2 3 0.133 1.8 0.090 50 0 0 2.0 0 106 1.8 0 072 3 0 0 5 8 0.512 3.5 0 295 5 0 0 5.6 0.494 3.4 0.286 Huangpu Rd h 10 0 0 5 1 0.434 3.1 0 246 25 0 0 4.0 0.326 2.6 0.180 50 0 0 3 4 0 252 2 3 0.141 3 3.4 0.15 1.5 0 067 1.4 0.049 5 3.4 0 146 15 0.065 1.4 0 048 Old Hansha Highway s 10 3 4 0141 1.5 0 063 1 4 0 047 25 3 4 0128 1 5 0 057 1.4 0.043 50 3 4 0112 1.5 0 050 1 4 0.041 3 4.3 0.311 1 9 0.139 1.5 0073 5 4.3 0312 1.9 0 137 1 5 0072 Old Hansha Highway h 10 4.0 0 283 1.8 0.126 1 5 0.067 25 4.0 0.238 1.8 0 106 1.5 0.058 50 3.6 0.20 1.6 0.089 1.5 0.052 3 4.5 0.20 4 3 0.192 2.5 0 122 5 43 0192 41 0184 2.5 0116 Hongkong Rd s 10 4 0 0 174 3 8 0.167 2 4 0 105 25 3.2 0 141 3 1 0.135 2.1 0.083 50 2.7 0 111 2.6 0.106 1.9 0.068 3 10.5 0.538 10 1 0 515 4 9 0 268 5 10.3 0 518 9 9 0.496 4.8 0 260 Hongkong Rd h 10 9 2 0 458 8 8 0 439 4 4 0 225 25 7.1 0314 6 8 0 330 3 5 0 165 50 5 6 0 265 5 4 0.254 3 0 0 131 132 continued 2007 Road section Distance to Without project With project 2020 (with project) roadside WtotpoetWt rjc CO NOx CO NOx CO NOx 3 1 8 0 070 2 0 0 077 1.6 0 052 5 1 8 0.067 2.0 0 073 1.6 0 052 Dazhi Rd s 10 1 8 0 064 1 9 0 069 1 5 0.048 25 1 7 0 055 1 8 0 059 1 5 0 044 50 1 5 0 048 1.6 o 052 1 5 0 040 3 33 0 168 3.6 0 182 2 1 0.088 5 3 2 0 162 3.5 0 176 2.1 0 085 Dazhi Rd h 10 3 0 0 143 3 3 0.155 2 0 0 075 25 2.4 0 111 2 6 0.120 19 0.061 50 2 2 0 090 2 4 0 098 1 8 0 054 3 3 8 0 245 2 4 0 155 1.6 0.066 Jianshe Ave 5 3.8 0235 2 4 0.149 1 6 0 064 (Kejiguan-Huangpu Rd) 10 3 6 0 219 2 3 0.139 1.5 0.061 s 25 3 2 0 180 2.0 0 114 1 5 0 054 50 3 0 0.148 1 9 0.094 1.5 0 048 3 6.8 0.614 4.3 0.389 2.0 0 115 Jianshe Ave 5 6 8 0 598 4.3 0.379 2.0 0 113 (Kejiguan-Huangpu Rd) 10 6.2 0.543 3.9 0.344 1 9 0 102 h 25 5 2 0 423 3.3 0.268 1.8 0 083 50 4 6 0333 2 9 0.211 1 8 0071 3 0 0 1.8 0.085 1.5 0 065 5 0 0 1.8 0.083 1 5 0 064 Jianshe Ave (Kejiguan-Houhu Rd) 10 0 0 1 8 0077 1 5 0060 25 0 0 1.6 0 069 1 5 0 053 50 0 0 1 5 0 061 1.5 0 047 3 0 0 2.5 0 192 1 9 0 112 5 0 0 25 0 186 1 9 0 110 Jlianshe Ave (Kejiguan-Houhu Rd) 10 0 0 24 0172 1 0101 25 0 0 2 1 0 141 1 8 0 081 50 0 0 2.0 0.116 1.6 0 069 3 3 7 0 239 2 8 0 180 1.8 0 092 5 35 0 228 2 6 0.172 1 8 0.087 Youyi Rd s 10 3 3 0 203 2 5 0.153 1.8 0.080 25 31 0162 2 3 0 122 1 6 0 065 50 2 7 0 130 2 0 0 098 I s 0.055 3 7 4 0.657 5 6 0 494 2.8 0 194 5 7 2 0 628 5 4 0 473 2 6 0.187 Youyi Rd 10 6 5 0 517 4.9 0 412 2.5 0 160 25 5 2 0 422 3 9 0 303 2.1 0 119 50 4 4 0 312 3 3 0 235 2 0 0 096 133 continued 2007 Road section Distance to Without project With project 2020 (with project) roadside CO NOx CO NOx CO NOx 3 2 8 0 206 2 3 0 170 1.6 0.093 5 2 8 0 196 2 3 0 161 1 6 0.088 Nanniwan Interchange s 10 2 6 0 176 2 1 0 145 1.6 0.079 25 2.3 0138 19 0114 15 0.064 50 2 2 0 108 1 8 0 089 1 5 0 055 3 5.3 0.586 4 4 0 482 2.4 0 202 5 5.2 0560 43 0461 24 0.195 Nanniwan Interchange h 10 4 6 0.478 3.8 0 393 2 1 0 164 25 3.8 0.349 3 1 0.287 1 9 0 121 50 3 2 0 269 2.6 0 221 1.8 0 096 3 0 0 1 9 0.094 1.6 0.062 5 0 0 1 9 0 092 15 0 061 Houhu Rd s 10 0 0 1.9 0 085 15 0.057 25 0 0 1 8 0.073 1.5 0 050 50 0 0 1.6 0 063 1.5 0 045 3 0 0 3.1 0.231 2.0 0.109 5 0 0 30 0223 20 0.106 Houhu Rd h 10 0 0 2 9 0 202 1.9 0.095 25 0 0 2 5 0.159 1 8 0 076 50 0 0 2 3 0 128 1.6 0.065 3 3.0 0 112 3.9 0.149 23 0.085 5 2 9 0107 3 8 0.141 2.1 0.081 Zhongshan Ave s 10 2.6 0 095 3.5 0 126 2 0 0.074 25 2 2 0 076 2 9 0.100 1 9 0.061 50 1.8 0 061 2.4 0.081 1.8 0 052 3 7.4 0308 98 0408 4 1 0.182 5 7.1 0.294 9.4 0 389 4 0 0.174 Zhongshan Ave h 10 6 1 0 251 8 0 0 332 3.6 0.147 25 4 5 0.184 60 0.243 2 9 0 110 50 3 7 0 142 4 9 0 188 2.5 0 088 3 2.9 0.177 2 4 0 149 1 8 0.094 5 2 7 0.168 2.3 0.141 1.8 0.090 Hanxierlu s 10 2.5 0 152 2.1 0 128 1 8 0 082 25 2 4 0 123 2 0 0.104 1 6 0 067 50 2 1 0 101 1.8 0085 1 5 0056 3 5,2 0 478 4.4 0 402 2 6 0 201 5 5.1 0 458 4.3 0 385 2 5 0 194 Hanxierlu h 10 4 6 0 399 3 9 0 336 2 4 0.166 25 36 030 3 1 0252 2 1 0.123 50 3 3 0 233 2 8 0 196 1 9 0 099 134 continued 2007 Road section Distance to Without project With project 2020 (with project) roadside __ ___ CO NOx CO NOx CO NOx 3 3.4 0 193 2 9 0 165 1 8 0 071 5 3 4 0 184 2 9 0157 1 8 0 068 Riverside Ave s 10 3 0 0 165 2.6 0.141 1.6 0 063 25 2 7 0 131 2 3 0.112 1 6 0053 50 2 3 0 104 2 0 0 089 1.5 0 047 3 5 6 0.393 4 8 0315 2 1 0 106 5 5 3 0.352 4 5 0301 2.1 0 102 Riverside Ave h 10 4 7 030 4 0 0.256 2 0 0 090 25 3 6 0.217 3 1 0 186 1.8 0 072 50 3.0 0 162 2.6 0 139 1 6 0 058 3 0 0 1 5 0.071 1 4 0 046 5 0 0 1.5 0 069 1 4 0 045 Gongye Ave s 10 0 0 IS 0067 14 0044 25 0 0 1.5 0.059 1 4 0 042 50 0 0 1 5 0 052 1 4 0 039 3 0 0 1.9 0153 1 5 0 065 5 0 0 1 9 0 149 1 5 0 064 Gongye Ave h I0 0 0 1 9 0 139 1 5 0 061 25 0 0 1.8 0.116 1 5 0 053 50 0 0 1.6 0.098 1 5 0 048 3 0 0 1.8 0 081 1.6 0 071 5 0 0 1 8 0 079 1.6 0.069 Luoshinanlu s 10 0 0 1 6 0 075 1 5 0 067 25 0 0 1 6 0.067 1 5 0 059 50 0 0 1.5 0 059 1.5 0 052 3 0 0 2 5 0 184 2 0 0 145 5 0 0 2 5 0 178 2 0 0 143 Luoshinanlu h 10 0 0 2.4 0.165 1 9 0 131 25 0 0 2 1 0135 1 8 0 108 50 0 0 2.0 0.112 1 8 0 089 3 0 0 2.5 0 157 1.8 0 092 Zhongsanbel 5 0 0 2.5 0 153 1 8 0 089 Zhongshanbeilu .Wuqingdao-Shahudao) 10 0 0 2.4 0.141 1 8 0 082 25 0 0 2 1 0 116 1 6 0 069 50 0 0 19 0096 1 6 0 058 3 0 0 4 6 0 397 2 6 0 180 5 0 0 4 5 0387 2 6 0 176 Zhongshanbeilu (Wuqmngdao-Shahudao)h 10 0 4,3 0350 25 o.158 25 0 0 3 5 0272 2 1 0 122 50 0 0 3 0 0215 2 0 0 099 135 continued 2007 Road section Distance to Without project With project 2020 (with project) roadside CO NOx CO NOx CO NOx 3 1 2 0.052 1.8 0.079 1 8 0 086 5 1 2 0 051 1 8 0.077 1.8 0.083 Zhongshanbeilu 0.048 10073 6 0077 (Shahudao-East Lake) s 25 l l 0 042 1 6 0065 1 6 0.065 50 1.1 0 037 1 6 0.056 15 0 056 3 1 7 0 121 2.6 0.184 2.5 0.176 5 1 6 0 116 2.5 0.176 2 4 0.166 Zhongshanbeilu 10 16 0 106 24 0 161 2.3 0 147 (Shahudao-East Lake) h 25 1 5 0.087 2.3 0 133 2 0 0 118 50 13 0.074 2.0 0.112 0 097 3 0 0 2 0 0.102 1 6 0 073 5 0 0 2 0 0098 16 0 070 Qinyuan Rd s 10 0 0 19 0.089 1 6 0.064 25 0 0 1 8 0.075 1 5 0 054 50 0 0 1 6 0 063 15 0.048 3 0 0 3.6 0.268 2.4 0.145 5 0 0 3 5 0.258 2.4 0.140 Qinyuan Rd h 10 0 0 3.3 0.223 21 0.119 25 0 0 2 6 0.170 2 0 0 091 50 0 0 2.4 0.135 1 8 0.075 3 0 0 2 1 0 114 1 6 0.073 5 0 0 2.1 0.108 1.6 0.070 Jinshui Rd s 10 0 0 2 0 0.100 1.6 0 065 25 0 0 1 9 0.085 1.5 0.056 50 0 0 1 8 0 071 1.5 0 049 3 0 0 3 8 0.287 2.3 0.137 5 0 0 3 5 0276 2 3 0 134 Jinshui Rd h 10 0 0 3 4 0.248 21 0 118 25 0 0 2 9 0.192 1.9 0.092 50 0 0 2 5 0.153 1.8 0.077 3 0 0 I 5 0 044 1.4 0.037 5 0 0 15 0.042 1 4 0.037 Shipailing Rd s 10 0 0 14 0.042 1.4 0 036 25 0 0 14 0.040 1 4 0.036 50 0 0 14 0 038 1.4 0 036 3 0 0 16 0 075 I 0.044 5 0 0 16 0.073 1.5 0 043 Shipailing Rd h 10 0 0 16 0069 1 5 0.042 25 0 0 1 6 0.061 1.4 0 039 50 0 0 1 5 0 055 1 4 0.038 136 continued 2007 Road section Distance to Without project With project 2020 (with project) roadside _____ CO NOx CO NOx CO NOx 3 0 0 1.6 0 071 14 0 039 5 0 0 16 0 067 1.4 0 039 Jisan Rd (Wu-Xun) s 10 0 0 16 0063 14 0038 25 0 0 15 0 055 1.4 0 036 50 0 0 15 0.048 1 4 0.036 3 0 0 2.6 0 180 1 5 0.049 5 0 0 2 5 0.172 1.5 0.048 Jisan Rd (Wu-Xun) h 10 0 0 2.3 0.145 1.5 0.045 25 0 0 20 0 112 1 5 0041 50 0 0 19 0 092 1 4 0 039 3 0 0 1.6 0 065 1.4 0 040 5 0 0 1 6 0 063 1 4 0 040 Jisan Rd (Xun-Shz) s 10 0 0 1.6 0.059 14 0039 25 0 0 1 5 0 052 1 4 0 037 50 0 0 1 5 0 048 1.4 0 036 3 0 0 2 4 0 149 1.5 0 052 5 0 0 2.3 0.145 1.5 0 052 Jisan Rd (Xun-Shi) h 10 0 0 2.1 0.128 1 5 0.048 25 0 0 2.0 0.104 1 5 0.043 50 0 0 1 8 0 087 1.5 0 041 3 0 0 2 0 0 149 1 5 0 045 5 0 0 1.9 0 143 1 5 0 044 Mcizi Rd s 10 0 0 19 0.131 1 4 0.042 25 0 0 18 0.106 14 0040 50 0 0 1.6 0.087 1 4 0.039 3 0 0 3 1 0 391 1 6 0063 5 0 0 31 0 377 1.6 0 062 Meizi Rd h 10 0 0 2 9 0.334 1 6 0 058 25 0 0 2 5 0 254 15 0050 50 0 0 2 3 0 198 1 5 0 046 3 1 0 0 042 1.5 0.061 1.4 0 042 5 10 0 042 15 0061 14 0042 Sixin Ave s 0 10 0 040 15 0.057 1.4 0 040 25 1 0 0 035 1 5 0 050 14 0 038 50 1.0 0 032 14 0.046 14 0.037 3 13 010 1.9 0143 15 0060 5 1 3 0 096 19 0 137 1 5 0 058 Sixin Ave h 10 13 0 084 18 0 120 S 0 053 25 l l 0 068 1.6 0 098 1 5 0 047 50 11 0057 16 0 081 14 0 042 137 continued 2007 Road section roadside Without project With project 2020 (with project CO NOx CO NOx CO NOx 3 0 0 1 4 0 040 1 4 0.036 5 0 0 1 4 0 040 1.4 0 036 Maying Rd s 10 0 0 1.4 0 038 1 4 0 036 25 0 0 1 4 0.038 1.4 0 035 50 0 0 1 4 0 036 1 4 0 034 3 0 0 1 6 0 061 1.4 0.039 5 0 0 1.5 0 059 1 4 0 039 Maying Rd h I 0 0 0 1 5 0 057 1.4 0 039 25 0 0 1.5 0 052 1.4 0 037 50 0 0 1 5 0 048 1 4 0 036 3 2.6 0.082 1.9 0 059 1.6 0 049 5 2.5 0 079 1 8 0.057 1 5 0 048 Taibeiyilu s 10 2 5 0 076 1.8 0.055 1 5 0.045 25 2 2 0067 1 6 0.048 1.5 0.041 50 2 1 0.061 1.5 0 044 1 5 0.039 3 4.7 0.198 3 4 0.143 2 3 0.083 5 4 6 0.187 3.3 0.135 2.1 0.079 Taibeiyilu h 10 4.0 0.164 2 9 0 118 2 0 0.068 25 3 5 0130 2 5 0.094 1.9 0.056 50 3 2 0.068 2.3 0 049 1.8 0.049 3 0 0 1 8 0.087 1.5 0 047 5 0 0 1.8 0.085 1 5 0.046 Hanxi Rd s 10 0 0 1 8 0 081 1.5 0 045 25 0 0 1 6 0 073 1.4 0 042 50 0 0 1 6 0 063 1 4 0 040 3 0 0 2 6 0.194 1.6 0 065 5 0 0 2 6 0 190 1 6 0.064 Hanxi Rd h 10 0 0 2 5 0.178 1.6 0.061 25 0 0 2.3 0 147 16 0054 50 0 0 2.0 0.122 1.5 0 049 3 2.4 0 080 2 0 0.067 1.6 0 050 5 2 3 0 078 1 9 0 065 1 6 0 048 Lugouqiao Rd s 10 2 3 0 071 1 9 0.059 1 5 0 045 25 2 2 0 062 1.8 0.052 1 5 0 042 50 1 9 0.055 1.6 0 046 1 5 0 039 3 4 3 0.193 3.6 0.161 2 3 0 086 5 4.2 0183 3 5 0 153 2 1 0 082 Lugouqiao Rd h 10 3.7 0.157 3.1 0.131 2 0 0.071 25 3 1 0.122 2 6 0 102 1 9 0.058 50 2 8 0 10 2 3 0 083 1 8 0 050 Note: "s" after the road section name represents the whole year's averagc meteorological condition and "h" represents ihe unfavorable meteorological condition As shown from the above tables, for years 2007 and 2012, the exceedance of applicable air 138 quality standards always occur in the most unfavorable meteorological conditions. In contrast, under the average annual meteorological conditions, air quality is expected to be in compliance with the applicable standards. If Euro4 standards are enforced prior to 2020 and assuming all motor vehicle at the year meet the Euro4 standards, then at all meteorological conditions, the air quality standards will be met in 2020 on both sides of the project roads. According to the modeling results, in 2007, air quality (NOx) at MRR north section, Qinghua road, Huangpu road, Hongkong road, Youyi road, Nanniwan intersection and Hanxier road will exceed the applicable standards. The impacted area (area where the standard is exceeded) is in general less than 10 m except MRR north section where the impacted area is about 25 m. If the project is not built (the without project scenario), Jianshe avenue, Hongkong road, Youyi road, Nanniwan intersection and Hanxier road will have NOx exceeding the standards and the impacted aera is less than 25 m. In addition, CO at Hongkong road will also exceed the standard and the impacted area is less than 5 m. In general, in the with project scenario, there will be more areas where applicable air quality standards will be exceeded than without project scenario. This is mainly due to the substantially increased traffic volumes on the project roads after the road widening and upgrading are complete and road traffic capacity increased. In 2012 and assuming Euro3 will have been implemented, MRR north section will exceed the NOx standard but the impacted area is less than 10 m. On the both sides of Jiefang Avenue, CO will exceed the standard and the impacted area is less than 5 m. For Jiangha Yiqiao, both NOx and CO would exceed the standards and the impacted areas will be about 5 and 25 m, respectively. Within the impacted area, there are residential and other sensitive receptors. These sensitive receptors will be exposed to higher than standards air quality for NOx and in some cases, CO. However, in several road sections, the air quality will exceed the standards even without the project. Forecast of air quality in Wuhan City air shed In the ISCLT model, the Wuhan city air shed is divided into a 3 x 3 km grid. The modeling results (Table 6.1-9) show that after the project is in operation, CO will meet applicable standards in all forecast years, which represents an improvement from the current air quality. NOx concentrations, if the more stringent motor vehicle emission control standards are implemented as planed, will also meet the applicable standards. The overall concentration levels are very similar to the current levels, despite the substantial increase in motor vehicle fleet in the future years. If assuming the motor vehicle emission standards are not applied, then three grids will exceed the applicable standards in 2012 and seven in 2020, with the maximum exceedance of 26%. Considering the fact, that the motor vehicle fleet in Wuhan will increase substantially over the next 20 years while the air quality is not expected to 139 deteriorate at the same rate, the project can be seen to contribute significantly to slowing down the air quality worsening trend through the reduced unit air emissions. This is because that the urban road project will substantially improve the road conditions and traffic capacity, and thus improve greatly motor vehicle operation efficiency in the urban area, compared with the without project scenario. Air quality is expected to worse significantly if there is no this urban transport project. Table 6.1-9 NOx concentration forecast for Wuhan City air shed in 2007 Fixed source 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I 0 005 0 007 0.008 0.011 0 035 0.044 0 028 0.044 0.040 0.116 2 0.006 0 006 0.008 0 013 0 022 0 019 0.017 0 025 0.041 0.021 3 0 007 0.009 0 010 0 015 0 017 0.016 0 022 0 030 0.052 0 052 4 0.008 0 008 0.010 0 014 0 016 0 014 0 022 0 034 0 033 0.027 5 0.008 0011 0 013 0 015 0.016 0 018 0.025 0.035 0 032 0 024 6 0 027 0025 0 016 0 016 0 015 0 017 0 021 0.019 0.022 0.035 7 0.036 0 028 0.013 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.015 0.014 0 015 0 035 Mobile source 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 1 0.007 0.013 0.014 0 015 0 041 0.037 0 019 0.024 0.019 0.010 2 0.008 0013 0.016 0.032 0 054 0 035 0 019 0 028 0.019 0 011 3 0.008 0 012 0 016 0.044 0 045 0.024 0.032 0 037 0.019 0 009 4 0.009 0 014 0.021 0 043 0.036 0.019 0 045 0 045 0.025 0 015 5 0.009 0 015 0 025 0.039 0.027 0 019 0.048 0.041 0.030 0 021 6 0 008 0.015 0.022 0.026 0.020 0 030 0 044 0.030 0.024 0.019 7 0.008 0.012 0.014 0 017 0.014 0 026 0 028 0.015 0.014 0 012 Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 0 012 0 020 0 022 0 026 0 076 0 081 0 047 0 068 0.059 0 126 2 0.014 0020 0 024 0.046 0.076 0 054 0 036 0 053 0.060 0 032 3 0 015 0.020 0 026 0 059 0 062 0 040 0 053 0 067 0.072 0.061 4 0 017 0.022 0 032 0.057 0.052 0.033 0.067 0 079 0 058 0.041 5 0 017 0 025 0 038 0 054 0 042 0 037 0 072 0 076 0 061 0.045 6 0.035 0 040 0.037 0.042 0 035 0.047 0 065 0 049 0 046 0 055 7 0.044 0 040 0.027 0.033 0 028 0.040 0.043 0 028 0.029 0 048 Air quality forecast on interchanges Simulation of air quality on project interchanges used CLINE4 model. The modeling results (Table 6. 1-10) show that at the annual average meteorological conditions, air quality will meet application standards at all interchanges. But under the unfavorable meteorological conditions, the air quality standard exceedance will be common. Compared with the road sections, the exceedance at intersections will be more serious and farther away from the sources. In 2007, except two intersections all other will exceed the applicable standards if there is no this urban transport project. In some intersections (proposed interchange sites) located in the busy urban centers, such as Qiaokou road, Xunlimen, and Hongkong road, the area where NOx exceeding the standard can be more than 50 m while CO, more than 25 m. With this project, the air quality is forecast to be improved although both parameters will still exceed 140 the standards. The construction of interchanges will greatly improve traffic conditions at these intersections, minimize or eliminate many stops/startups. The smooth traffic through the intersections, and thus the reduced air emissions from motor vehicles is the biggest factor contributing to the air quality improvement. In 2012 and 2020, with the implementation of more stringent emission control standards, air quality in the interchange surrounding areas will continue to improve, according to the modeling results. There are still air quality standards exceedance in some of the interchange locations, particularly for NO,. In 2012, only two interchanges can meet the standards for NO,, but in 2020, the interchanges where air quality exceed the NO, standard will be reduced to two. 141 Table 6.1-10 Forecast result of air quality on traffic crossings 2007 2020 Name of crossings CO NOx CO Nox s h S h s h s H 3 4 5 11.3 0 235 0.631 2 3 4.8 0.125 0.314 5 4 5 10 9 0 235 0 612 2.3 4.6 0 125 0 302 Zhonghuan 10 4.4 9 8 0 229 0.545 2 2 4 3 0 119 0 277 25 3 8 7 6 0 192 0 417 2 3 6 0 101 0 223 50 3.1 62 0 150 0.332 1 7 3 0083 0 180 3 4 8 111 0 253 0 618 2 1 3 7 0 107 0.235 5 4.7 10 8 0.247 0.600 2 1 3.7 0 107 0.229 Xian Gutiancrlu 10 4 6 9.6 0 235 0 533 2 3.4 0.107 0 204 25 3.9 7 6 0 198 0 417 1 8 2.8 0.089 0 168 50 3.2 6.2 0.156 0 332 1 6 2 4 0 077 0 137 3 6 1 15 2 0.326 0 856 2 1 3.7 0.107 0 235 Zhonghuan 5 6 14.7 0 320 0 831 2 1 3 6 0 107 0 223 Xian Changqinglu 10 5.8 13.1 0.308 0 740 2 3 3 0.107 0 204 Kou 25 4 8 10.2 0 253 0 570 1 8 2 8 0 089 0 168 50 3.9 8 2 0.192 0.448 1 7 2.4 0.077 0 137 3 6.8 18 0 369 1 026 Zhonghuan 5 6.7 17.4 0 363 0 990 Xian Xinhuaxialu 10 6.6 15.4 0 357 0 874 25 5.5 11.8 0.290 0.661 50 4.3 9 3 0.223 0.509 3 4.2 9 0 217 0.497 _ 5 4.1 8 7 0.211 0.478 Zhonghuan 10 3.9 7.9 0.198 0.436 XianSajintan 25 3 3 6.5 0.168 0 351 ___ 50 2.8 53 0 131 0 284 3 2 4 4 5 0.113 0 235 5 2 4 4.4 0.107 0 229 Xian Laohansha 10 24 4 1 0 107 0 204 25 2 1 3 4 0.095 0 168 _ 50 1.9 2.9 0.077 0 137 _ 3 3.2 6 8 0 156 0 369 5 3 2 6.6 0 156 0.357 Zhonghuan 10 3.1 6 0 156 0.320 Xtan Wangjiazut 25 2 7 4 9 0.131 0.253 50 2 3 4.1 0 107 0 204 3 3 7 10 2 0.186 0 570 Zhonghua 5 3 7 9.9 0.186 0 551 Xian Wuxian 10 3 6 9 0 186 0 497 . Highway 25 3 1 7.1 0.156 0 387 _ 50 2 6 5.8 0 125 0.308 3 21 4 9 0 095 0.259 _ 5 2 1 4.7 0 095 0.247 Xian Luoshinanl 10 2 1 4 4 0 089 0.229 25 1.9 3 7 0.083 0 186 _ _ 50 1 7 3 1 0071 0.156 _ 142 continued 2007 2020 Name of crossings CO NOx CO Nox s h s h s h s H 3 1 8 3 5 0 077 0 174 5 1.8 3.4 0 077 0 168 Zhonghua to 1.8 3.2 0077 0 156 Xian MinzL Ave 25 1 7 2.8 0064 0.131 50 15 2 5 0.058 0 113 3 1.3 1 7 0.046 0071 5 13 1 7 0.046 0 064 Zhonghuan xian 10 1 3 1 6 0.046 0 064 Guanshan ErIu ____ 25 12 1 5 0.040 0 058 50 12 1 4 0 040 0.052 3 4.7 111 0.247 0.618 5 47 107 0247 0594 Guocikou 10 45 9 3 0.235 0.515 25 3 8 7 1 0.192 0 387 50 2 9 5 7 0 144 0 302 3 63 17.5 0.338 0.996 5 63 16.7 0.338 0.947 Qiaokoulu 10 5.9 14 5 0.320 0.819 25 4 9 11 0.259 0 612 50 3.7 8 5 0.186 0.466 3 6.3 15 0.338 0 850 5 6.2 14.4 0.332 0 813 Xunlimen 10 5 9 12 6 0.314 0 710 25 4.9 95 0 259 0.521 50 3.7 7 5 0 186 0.405 3 4 1 105 0211 0582 5 4 1 10 0.211 0 557 Hongkong Rd 10 3 9 8.9 0 198 0.491 25 3 3 6.9 0.162 0 375 50 2 6 5.5 0.125 0.290 Note. "s" represents the whole year's average meteorological condition and "h" represents the unfavorable meteorological condition 6.1.3 Mitigation measures for air quality impact Since 1998, Wuhan government has adopted an strategy to control air quality deterioration caused by urban traffic. The strategy calls for total air pollution load reduction, reasoning traffic distribution, disperse the air pollutant loads to reduce the impact through implementing the protection strategy of reducing the total amount, rational distribution, dispersing the load to alleviate the environmental impact by urban transport. A series of control measures such as limited scaled random roadside I/M program have been taken by the government with a focus on motor vehicle emissions control and total emission load reduction. With the implementation of this project and increased motor vehicle fleet as well as increased traffic 143 flows, air quality may deteriorate at least along the project roads, as demonstrated by the air quality impact modeling results discussed in the above section. Therefore, further mitigation will be needed to minimize the adverse impacts of the project, described as follows: Continuously implement existing air quality control measures According to the baseline environmental assessment, Wuhan City has already made great efforts to control the urban motor vehicle emission pollution. Main such measures are: X Enhance the management on new car sales, through periodically sampling and testing of new cars on the market, to ensure emission control standards for new vehicles are conformed; AR Strictly carry out CONTROL METHOD FOR POLLUTANT EMISSION BY MOTOR VEHICLES IN WUHAN CITY, to ensure motor vehicle emission control in conformity with the law and standards; X Strictly observe NATIONATL AUTO EMISSION STANDARD on vehicle rejection and retirement programs. All the rejected and retired motor vehicles shall be called back and disposed without further sales and transferring; At Strengthen the emission control of motor vehicles in use and comprehensively carry out the annual inspection program and sample testing for emission. For motor vehicles with emission exceeding the specified standards, it is required to retrofit to meet the standard within a deadline. Since 2000, the city has been implementing gradually the motor vehicle inspection program using double idle speeds; X Control motor vehicle fleet size, especially the increase of newly added taxi, motorcycles and Motor bicycles; now Wuhan has already stopped the issuance of licensee for motorcycles. As part of mitigation for this project, all above measures will be followed and implemented in the project during the construction and operation stages, where appropriate. All construction related vehicles will be requested to followed the above requirements for motor vehicles and fuels. Research for a Motor Vehicle Emission Control Strategy (MVECS) During the operation stage, with the increase in motor vehicle fleet size and the traffic volumes on roads, the total motor vehicle emission could increase resulting in deteriorating urban air quality. Control of motor vehicle emissions is a complex tasks involving policies, technologies, urban infrastructure, fuel supplies, and regulations as well as governments, manufacturers, industries, consumers and other interest groups and stakeholders. Therefore, it is necessary for the city to conduct research and studies to develop an Motor Vehicle Emission Control Strategy (MVECS) for Wuhan city. The main content of the research of the control strategy on auto emission pollution includes: At Through investigations, analysis, research and studies on motor vehicle emission, city's urban topography, meteorological conditions, industry sector policies (both national and local) and existing air pollution conditions in Wuhan City, develop a strategy and a scheme which 144 are realistic and practicable for motor vehicle emision control in the city; A In the selection, design and implementation of transport project, rational distribution and assessment will be made to the new environmental issues which may be possibly caused by the project itself and the scheme optimization shall be made from the viewpoint of environmental protection; A Taking prevention as the major means, and through analysis and justification, selecting environmental protection measures which are economically rational and technically feasible; A Setting up city wide automatic ambient air quality monitoring system particularly those related to motor vehicle emissions to better understand the changes in air quality and its relations to motor vehicle emissions standards, traffic, etc.; This is actually part of the project component in this World Bank financed project. In the Environmental Protection component, a city wide automatic road side ambient air quality monitoring network will be established to closely monitor the air quality along the city's trunk roads. X Under the consolidated leadership of the government, enhance the cooperation of inter-organizations in the effort of motor vehicle emission control and reduction, further develop relevant legislation, regulations, policies, and standards. Enforce and supervise the implementation of the regulations and standards; AX Strengthen scientific research to provide a scientific basis for the government to determine the transport pollution control measures and emission standards, improve the transport molds, improve fuel quality, etc. AC Establish a complete inspection and maintenance (I/M) program in the city for all motor vehicles, to enforce the motor vehicle emission standards and help maintain the motor vehicles fleet in good conditions with respect to minimum emissions. Currently, the city has a limited scale, road side I/M program which is administered jointly by the traffic police department and the EPB. The program is mainly roadside random tests of about 10-15% per year of the motor vehicle fleet in the city for NOx and CO. The program will be gradually expanded to cover the entire fleet as new equipment and staff are added and policy/legal framework for the tests are developed. X As a techinical assistance, a study will be initiated during the project implementation to develop some of the key elements of a MVECS for the city. In particular, the study will develop a plan to established a city wide I/M system including the goals, program scale, equipment needs, institutional arrangement, relevant policy development, implementation schedule, estimated costs and expected air emission reduction. This project will contribute toward the initial phases of the proposed I/M system (see details below) X Study of the possibility of using alternative fuels such as CNG and LPG which are cleaner and friendlier to the environment, compared with gasoline and diesel which are currently used by most of the motor vehicles in Wuhan. A Enhance public transport and encouraging the use of the public transportation systems to reduce motor vehicles trips and volumes. 145 This project will contribute to the development of MVECS. The project design have given considerable considerations to the need of public transport, pedestrians, and non-motor vehicle traffic. In addition, there is a dedicated component on public transport which includes new and upgrading bus terminals and bus stops, public transport management system improvement, new bus services to newly development areas, etc. This component will strengthen the existing public transport system in Wuhan, which will be the part of the MVECS. In addition, this project will contain an environmental improvement component which is mostly dedicated to ambient air quality in urban Wuhan area. A city-wide road side ambient air quality automatic monitoring system will be established, as a part of the project. The system will provide real-time information on air quality and, as the information is gathered from road, can provide an indication of the traffic impacts to the ambient air quality. Such a system will provide valuable data for city to set up its motor vehicle emission control standards and policies, and help establish and implement the MVECS. Develop and implement motor vehicle emission control strategy (MVECS) While'carrying out the research on MVECS, the city is also implementing stage-by-stage measures and actions in or to be included in the MVECS. These measures may include: AC Improve the urban road transport conditions, raise urban auto running speed, reduce pollutant emission (such as rational diversion, strengthening management and road network upgrading, etc); N Make rational arrangement to re-route the excessive traffic flow volume (especially the transit traffic volume passing through the central urban district presently) in the urban center to the outside of the central district, and alleviate the transport pressure of the trunk roads; AR Carry out more stringent motor vehicle emission standards. The city already has the plan to apply Euro3 before 2010 and Euro4 before 2020. The city's monitoring and inspection system will ensure that these standards be enforced when introduced. NC Improve motor vehicle emission monitoring system; currently, a limited I/M system covers about 10-15% of the total motor vehicles in Wuhan per year. This system will be gradually improved and upgraded to cover the entire fleet. X The project will include the development of a motor vehicle inspection and maintenance (V/M) program as part of the air quality mitigation measures. More specifically, this mitigation measure may include (1) a study for planning and feasibility of an I/M system including test centers, procedures, locations of inspection stations, applied standards, institutional requirements, priority vehicle determination, phased implementation plan, and expected results/benefits/air emission reduction from the I/M program, (2) procurement of I/M equipment to upgrade the current inspection capability in accordancen with the I/M implementation plan, and (3) other necessary facilities such as buildings for inspection stations and/or laboratory/test center facilities. A terms of reference (TOR) for the study and 146 the I/M phase one implementation to be financed by this project will be developed during the project appraisal stage. This TOR will outline in detail the goal, scope-of the study and I/M system at the project stage, needs for technical assistance and estimated costs for both the planning study and the first phase I/M system implementation. X Afforestation and landscaping along the roads. Through the rational afforestation to the areas along the roads, mitigating various environmental impacts brought about by the road construction to the areas along the roads. Many of the mitigation measures in this project will support the above measures. These include air quality monitoring system and landscaping along the project roads. 6.2 Noise Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures 6.2.1 Analysis of Noise Source in Operation Phase After the completion of this project, road infrastructure facilities will be improved greatly, traffic control will be more scientific and modernized and distribution of traffic flow will be more rational. As a result, traffic flows along the project roads will increases accordingly and vehicle speeds will increase, increasing traffic noise along the project roads. In general, environmental noise impact along project roads will increase, but in some local areas, noise impact will decrease because of reduced acceleration and, particularly, homing as a result of smoother traffic (Wuhan currently has no homing control program). As traffic has been attracted to project roads, the parallel road traffic is expected to decrease, reducing noise levels in these adjacent roads. In order to predict the traffic noise after the project completion, this EA selects some open sections of typical roads in Wuhan to conduct a noise monitoring of different types of motor vehicles most frequently seen on Wuhan streets. The monitoring results are shown in Table 6.2-1. Although data presented in the table are those measured on site, but the road where the measurements were taken has relatively good conditions. In most other roads and streets in the city where the traffic is typically much more congested, the average motor vehicle speeds are much lower than those indicated in the Table. Table 6.2-1 Noise Monitoring Results of Source Intensity of Typical Motor Vehicles Truck Bus Car Remarks Average running speed (km/h) 50 40 60 Measured road Zhongbei Road, 15 m Average instantaneous noise level (dBA) 74.6 72.1 67 7 away from the vehicle lane 6.2.2 Forecast Method of Noise Impact Noise environmental impact forecast adopts the monitored data and mathematical modeling. For modeling, the US FHWA model is used which has been modified according to local conditions in China and the actual circumstances of the roads, and with reference to JTJ 147 005-96 "Environmental Impact Assessment Specifications for Road Construction Project". This model, iRcluding the modifications, has been successfully applied for predicting noise levels in several urban transport projects, including those partially financed by the World Bank in the past. The Model The hourly equivalent noise levels are calculated based on motor vehicle classification by the following equation N,7D Do I+a +101g0" 2 Leq(h), =(Lo )E, +101gt S,T +10lg( D ) AS -30 (6.2-1) where, Leq(h), is the hour equivalent sound level of Class i vehicle, dB(A); (L O)E, is the average attenuation sound level of reference energy of Class i vehicle, dB(A); N, is the traffic flow of Class i vehicle passing a certain forecasting point within the specified time T(lh); Do is location distance for measuring attenuation sound level of vehicle, Do= I5m, D is the plane distance between centerline of lanes to the forecasting point, m; S, is average running speed of Class i vehicle, km/h; T is time for calculating equivalent sound level, lh; A is ground covering coefficient, it depends the ground condition in site, a=0 or a=0 5, (ka is the correction function of the road section with finite length; of which, VI1, TI2 is the flare angle from the forecasting point to the both ends of the road section with finite length (rad), AS is the attenuation induced by the road surface conditions, dB(A), (Da(T,)v2)= 2(cosT) dT where, -- ' v <- 2 2 If the nearest distance between the predicting point and the both ends of the proposed road is more than 15 m, then the forecast formula can be expressed as follows - ____N_D I DoI+ (DoI+a 1 Leq(h), =(LO),E, + lOlg[ + lOlg tlaLL - jjJ -30 (62-2) Of which, Rn, Rf is the distance between the forecasting point and the two ends of the lane respectively, Rn is the distance to the nearer end, and Rf is the distance to the farther end. Only under the condition that R,, is equal to or more than 15 m, Formula 6.2-2 will apply. The definitions and units of(E0 )E, N,, Da, S,, T and a are the same as that in the 148 above-mentioned formula. When a truck goes up the slope, it will cause increased noise from its motor and road surface. This increased noise can be corrected according to Table 6 2-2. Table 6.2-2 Upslope Correction of Truck Gradient (%) Correction (dBA) :~~~~~~~~2 ~~~~~~0 3-4 +2 5-6 +3 >7 +5 The equivalent sound level of a combined traffic flows (traffic with mixed types of vehicles) is the aggregate of the equivalent sound levels of individual classes of the traffic flow If a traffic flow is divided into large, medium and small three classes, then the total equivalent sound level of traffic flow can be calculated by the following formula. (LAeq)t = lOlg 1G0 lleg(h)l + 100 Ileg(h) 2 + 100 lleg(h)3J (6 2-3) The forecast value of daytime or nighttime environmental noise at the forecasting point can be calculated according to the following formula (LAeq)f = 10lg[1OI (L'q)t + 10° (LA)b J (6 2-4) where, (LAeq)f is the daytime or nighttime environmental noise forecast value of the forecasting point, dB(A); (L,jIeq)b is the background noise value of the forecasting point. The current environmental noise monitoring value of the forecasting point presented in Section 5.2.2 is used for this value, dB(A) Forecast Error Based on the past model application and calibration experience, the forecast error of the model is generally within ±2 5 dB(A). Forecast Contents and Assessment Value The forecast contents include daytime and nighttime equivalent continuous A sound levels, which are values for impact assessment, with a unit of dB(A). Forecast Period Noise levels along the project roads in years 2007 (the year when all project components are scheduled to complete), 2012 and 2020, will be predicted by the model, respectively. These years represent potential noise impacts of the project over the short, medium and long terms. Modeling Parameters The traffic flow and running speed on the road concerning with this noise environmental impact assessment can be referred to the Section of General Description of the Project. 149 6.2.3 Noise Modeling Results The road infrastructure component of this project includes newly built roads, extended and widened roads, interchange and viaduct construction. This component is the focus of this noise impact assessment. This noise impact assessment covers all sensitive receptors along the project roads by predicting noise levels at each of these sensitive receptors. In the road maintenance component of this project, project work will include mainly new pavement of the existing roads, without any widening or re-built. Therefore, this EA includes a general comparison of the noise levels before and after the project on the road maintenance component. The noise modeling results are presented in Table 6.2-3 for each individual sensitive receptors along the roads of infrastructure component. The general comparison of road side noise levels before and after the road maintenance component is presented in Table 6.2-4, and maps of distribution of environmental noise forecasted values are shown in Figure 6.2-1 through Figure 6.2-8, respectively. The red letters stand for the roads and sensitive receptors whose environmental noise will increase after the completion of this project, the green letters stand for the roads and sensitive receptors whose environmental noise will decrease or maintain at the current levels after the completion of this project. 150 General PrIanni fgothe East Lake Scenn ic Zone 'k , Figure 4.9-1 e.' Lianhe < i Miao LUlke,eLL }zho g Lake ->b s, Thuod a nanglie, C_ Lak Xiaafe * I~~~~~~~~~' __ bounalryof wryl spots D otr.oooof thsoorio oryo v j 5 {. >. . t § r rLuxng Gunying Jankqi Fig.6.2-1: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Current and Forecasted Noise if Gutian Rd 2 viaduct Zhonghuan Raod. \ \oAa *~flh Samp I Hs Ii .M Ar.V~W Pm WB AF v7_fl1M~Itt*l ud\. ,t""MM) i , NYU-. -. MGuockou Fig.6.2-2: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Current alnd Forecasted Noise r ~Y jRamps of Changjiang Highway Bridge Xianggang Raod viaduct * @ Samp I es A==:===$$Vs,* 3@* ...LZ .t.. _ _ Ml. _ S et Mb.9 Pa$l_ M kdUn11 - d z5 Wf PV*Al A ft. Dktro.BAA5- A -A?.Fn.tr~Y Ato Q.yti0.d B w I- l Ats~1 l' /D / /A I , * to ytl .AB fr -Ci Us. FF-...... MfiN. A hfD ...B r RIbO Fig.6.2-3: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Current and Forecasted Noise Changqrng Rd viaduct 1Ik 2 IV:`0 '~~~~~~~~*5St s:XlNbb SamplIes - htl a T l M. .. M& - 5nfrufru.t,n Rd VA l N lor.De)rn. B,Nb!. m xa- Bd In Md..Wh hAft. - NbA* - Nat R.4.indIN Ntnn l.lN 1 ..., An. Tb!. Proje * WIM Wih heNMa.lm iah." Alt. WAPris bottleNqte toh htce-.t No.. N... &lfet HA.*&ford qf.HiN*tm hwdafb d.fm ini ,A . aqit.. Hf. thN ha lhe.m.ft(Uu At. B f..thiN bIoylm.. . N . fIbtinDut) I h. DH . B HtghMrO Fig.6.2-4: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Current and Forecasted Noise Sanliilitan viaduct 1i Xinhulaxa Rd viaduct Samp I es M . t4 2. Ita rll f- Bd bbbt ABABAn a* to ro±z I.- Ed. ____ *A BA BAjbBaD w 7 Bd r A .f r. B @ Lw V.-.t(gm,.U t thb dl B gAUf.B M. F.MO ) ,L DU.:f,Mb. uL LW Y.AW12) A .Dns t Md Fig.6.2-5: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Current and Forecasted Noise < _ X ~~River Maying Rd: Samp I es ffcdU flhk IT.--, 1 IIk 0-, /~~~~~~~m,\ / i _ _ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f,-b,.Xt~ _. d-c-M Ed Bz &fj- M b fl Fig.6.2-6: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Current ahd Forecasted Noise ~~~~~~~~~0$ 'rj ~~~~~~~~~~SamplIes , ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~wS,it t~ a AS NsSm> Lk ///~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~T .,,Tt S a / lit, DhrrntWI3m Ann $n-t / hr- Sampe Or nd~~~~~~~~~~~~amtfy,A BhrDM no.B k. R. lmblb\ \ d 1C\re. F l AD a q t~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sa V3. a. @0 @I,I*.B W~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d 7 a-3g ,a3t. D-V 2. MOW Fig.6.2-7: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Currentiand Forecasted Noise Zhalankou viaduct 5 / / DE~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~mw| = Jisan Rd-r \~~~~~~i,ln iad Des * e "* 4 Sam I Fig.6.2-8: Sketch Maps of Distribution of Current and Forecasted Noise Qinghua Rd Samp I es t . _ ML. f, _ htt ik. tht, p*AU._ a hb ~ iBr" fthI fstdEflR. A flIm.- I- ftl- Thh .1- ...... ° \~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d i..(m .A D*L_ Nh B. .- F-A(wm,d.t(h .~A f lb11 ptd I f., Dq~U- .AU. UK&.-tall) ,A .Byd. .NEA. I Table 6.2-3 Environmental Noise Forecast Results Nearest Current environmiental Environmental noiseforecast VAlue by Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noise foreeast value by Environmental noise forecast value by 0 NameNo. ofoensitive receptors horizontal noisevalue CdBA) 2007 (dBA) (without this project) 2007 (dBA) .2012 (dBA) 2020 (dBA) 'Z NameNo. osensitve recptors distance to red line of road (in) Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Rashbhoar Daytime Nighttimne Rush souer Daytime Nighttime Rushboor Daytime Nighttime Rushhonir I ChsanghangStaff's University 3.5 71-1 /67.9 /69.4 66.5 I68 69.4 /70.9 /67.6 72.1 2 Dormitory ofThird Municipal 3 68.1 65.1 69.6 66.7 63.7 68.2 69.6 66.6 71.1 70.8 67.8 Admisisterial Co. 72.3 3 Baodod Mansions 3 68.1 65.1 69.6 66.7 63.7 68.2 69.6 66.6 71.1 70.8 67.8 72.3 4 Changhang office building 2 73.4 67.8 68.6 65.6 70.1 67.2 64.2 68.7 70.1 67.1 71.6 71.3 68.3 72.8 5 Dormitory ofBusiriess ordcrs 3 68.1 65.1 69.6 66.7 63.7 68.2 69.6 66.6 71.1 70.8 67.8 72.3 Bank 6 Dormitory of Foods Factory 5 67.3 64.3 68.8 65.9 62.9 67 4 68.8 65.8 70.3 70 67 71.5 7 Dormitory ofElducalion 2 66.1 56.5 68.6 65.6 70.1 67.2 64.2 68.7 70.1 . 67.1 71 6 71 3 68 3 72.8 Comm ittee 8 Jiang'an District Court 7 64.-8 /66.35 68 65.1 /66.6 68 I 69.5 69.2 /70.7 JuniorMtiddle School of No.6 3 66.1 /68.1 /69.6 66.7 /68.2 69.6 /71. 1 70.8 /72.3 9 Middle School of Wuhan 10 Gaoxiong residential area 2.5 65.5 55.8 68.4 65.4 69.9 67 64 68.5 69.9 . 66.9 71.4 71.1 68.1 72.6 0 1I New Hong Kong Building 676 64567.3 64.3 68.8 65.9 62.9 67.4 68.8 65.8 70.3 70 67 71.5 l-4 Mofalu PrimarvSchtool 1 61.6 /68.9 /70.4 67.5 /69 70 4 /71.9 71.6 /73.1 15 New Mofan Village 5.5 67.4 64.4 68.9 66 63 67.5 68.9 65.9 70.4 70.1 67.1 71.6 65.8 57.5 _ ___ 16 No.2 M4ofan Village 8 66.2 63.2 67.7 64.8 61.8 66.3 67.7 64.7 69.2 68.9 65 9 70.4 17 Dormitory of Chemical Industrial 2 60.5 58.5 68.6 65 6 70.1 67 2 64.2 68.7 70.1 67.1 71.6 71.3 68.3 Co. 72.8 l 8 Xiangyu Middle School 15 56.4 /64.6 /66.1 63.2 /64.7 66.1 /67.6 67.3 /68.8 19 Wuhan Financial and Trade 23 61.5 /63.2 /64.7 61.8 . /63.3 64.7 /66.2 vocational School 65 9 /67.4 20 Hubianfang Village 6 57.6 46.5 66.9 63.9 68.4 65.5 62.5 67 68.4 , 65.4 69.9 69.6 66.6 71.1 21 No.11IWuhan Hospital 6 72.9 69.7 71,4 68.4 72.9 1 71.2 68.2 1 72.7 71 68 72.5 1 68.6 65.6 70.1 22 Hehuayuan Residential Area 8 70.5 67.5 71 68 72.5 70.8 67.8 72.3 70.6 67.6 72.1 68.2 65.2 69.7 23 First Chinese Medical Clinic 8 71.5 / 71 I 72.5 70.8 I 72.3 70.6 / 72.1 68.2 I 69.7 24 Dormitory of Metal Co. 0 72.5 69.5 74 72.3 69.3 73.8 72.1 69.1 73.6 69.7 66.7 71.2 25 No. 279 Xianggang Road 0 74.3 69.4 72.5 69.5 74 72.3 69.3 73.8 72.1 69.1 73.6 69,7 66.7 71.2 6 DIormitory ofProduction Goods 72,4 69.4 73.9 72.2 69.2 73.7 72 69 73.5 69.6 66.6 71.1 r ~27 Suifeng Garden 6 72.2 71.2 71.4 68.4 72.9 71.~2 68.2 72.7 71 68 72.5 68.6 65.6 70.1 28 P'engfei Garden 4 71.7 68.7 73.2 71.5 68.5 73 71 3 68.3 72.8 68.9 65.9 70.4 o 29 Xiangtian Mansions 4 71.4 70.8 71.7 68.7 73.2 71.5 68.5 73 71.3 68.3 72.8 68.9 65.9 70.4 30 Xima Residential Arca 3.5 71.8 68.8 73.3 71.6 68.6 73.1 71.4 68.4 72.9 69 66 70.5 ~1 Wuahn Foreign Economic 5 71.5 68.5 73 71.3 68.3 72.8 71.1 68.1 72.6 68.7 65.7 70.2 31 Trade Commission 72.1 71.0 32 Ziteng Garden 10 70.7 67.7 1 72.2 70.5 67.5 72 70.3 67.3 71.8 67.9 64.9 69.4 33 Zhongyuan Dormitory, 18 68.5 65 69.6 66.6 71.1 69.4 66.4 70.9 69.2 66.2 70.7 66.8 63.8 68.3 34 Studio of__Wuhan_Televis72.5 71. 71.8 68.8 73.3 71.6 68.6 73.1 71.4 . 68.4 72.9 69 66 70 5 ____ 35 Ch2.8 ___u_Mansions___2_8_ 72 69 73.5 I 71.8 68.8 73.3 71.6 68.6 73.1 69.2 66.2 70.7 Notes: 1. The italics in the table express the environmental sensitive receptors that the environmental noise after this project is higher than the current noise and corresponding environmental noise values; 2. 0 moexpresses that the edge of the sensitive building is located on the red line of road; 3. There are blanks in the form; its causeis that we hove not got detailed design data at present. 151 (continued) Nea rest Current environmental Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noiseforecast value by o ~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~horizontalnoisevalue (dBA) 2007 (dBA) withiout this et).. 2007 (dBA) ______2012 (dBA) 2020 (dRA) ~2 No. Name of sensitive receptors distance to red line of road Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Rushhoar Daytime Nighttime Rushhoar Daytime Nighttimec Rushhoar Daytime Nighttime Rashhour _____ C~~~~~~~~m) 36 t-tuashi Commercial Co. 19 69.4 66.4 70.9- 69.2 66.2 70.7 69 __ 66 70.5 66.6 .63.6 68.1 a 3-37 Commercial Bank 54 725 756853713 68.3 72.8 71.1 I 68.1 72.6 68.7 65.7 70.2 DormitryfMtmeria 0 73.2 71.5 72.5 69.5 74 72.3 69.3 73.8 72.1 69.1 73.6 1 69.7 66.7 71.2 48.1 40.5 70.6 67.6 72.1 70. 67.5 72 71.2 68.2 72.7 39 Dorniiiot7y ofHubei Peoples 6.8 Court K _____ 40 Hubei People Court 17 49.8 /69.3 /70.8 692 [/70.7 69.9 .'71.4 4 1 HuobeiColoor Television 356.1/1 6. 69.2 67.6 /69.1 68.3 I69.8 Center3561677 42 Shahst Mansionss 6 53.6 43 5 70.7 67.7 72.2 70.6 67 6 72 i 71.3 68 3 72.8 43 J:angyingHotel 12 61 5 34 5 63.1 60.1 64.6 64.9 61.9 66.4 66.4 63.4 67.9 69.2 66.2 70.7 44 Dormitory of 6803 Plant 2 9 63 3 56 2 64.7 61.7 66.2 66.5 63.5 68 68 65 69.5 70.8 67.8 72.3 ~5 Hongling Printary School 7 4 50.7 /63.8 /65.3 65.6/67!7.1/86699/74 o 46 ~~~~DormitoryofHIube,7 7i 6. 46 Computation Collg 0 61.6 54.6 65.2 62.2 66.7 67 64 68.5 68.5 65.5 707. 8372.8 i3 47 Huatai Mansion 7.5 60 561 6, 08 65.3 65.6 62.6 67.) 67.1 1 64.1 68.6 69.9 66.9 1 71.4 48 omtryo ue 4 67.9 59.5 64.5 61 5 66 66.3 63.3 67.8 67.8 64.8 69.3 70.6 67.6 72.1 ao Adminiaterial Boreau N 49 Dormitory of Wuhan lIeavy 3463.7 51.1 64,6 61.6 66 1 66.4 63.4 67.9 67.91 64.9 69.4 70.7 67.7 72 2 50 Tianyong Mansions 5.1 68.6 53.8 64.3 61.3 65.8 66.1 63.1 67.6 67.6 I 64.6 69.1 70.4 67.4 71.9 o Hubei AquaticProduction ~~51 ~~~Research Institute 9 58.9/ 63.5 65o 65.3s/n. 66.8 66/ 68.3 69.6/ 71.1 52 Dormitory of Hubei Aquatic 365 565 64.7 61.7 66.2 66.5 63.5 68 68 65 69.5 70.8 67.8 72.3 ___ Production Bureau635 6. 53 Guangyuan Mansion 3 64.7 61.7 66.2 66.5 63.5 68 68 65 69.5 70.8 67.8 72.3 54 Office building of provincial 7.5 64.4 55.7 63.8 60.8 65.3 65.6 62.6 67.1 67-1 ~ 64.1 68.6 69.9 66.9 71.4 ______~~~Partycontosittee 55 Hoiyu Garden 7.5 57.5 51.5 70.1 67.1 71.6 70.21 67.2 71.7 70.5 67.5 72 77 56 Dormitory of Plastic Plant 2.1 53.5 45.5 71.5 68.5 73 71.61 68.6 73.1 71.9 68.9 73.4 ~ ~57 Qinyuan Garden 50 54.5 48.5 _____ 65.1 62.1 66.6 65.21 62.2 66.7 65.5 62.5 67 5 8 Clinic of Wuhan SciTech Univ 14.3 53. 4 /6&8./ 70.3 68-9i 70.4 69.2 /70.7 59 New Tuanjie Village 21 48.1 41 ______67.8 64.8 69.3 67.91 64.9 69.4 68.2 65.2 69.7 6__0 Shyi caicheng 19 56 51.5 _ ____ 68.1 65.1 69.6 68.2 65.2 69.7 68.5 65.5 70 61 Dormitory of 665 lt'arehouise 10 59.2 41.5 72.5 69.5 74 71.8 68.8 73.3 71 68.1 72.6 71.4 68.4 72.9 62 Gutianlu Primary School 12 53.5 47.5 72.3 69.3 73.8 71.6 68.6 73.1 70.91 67.9 72.4 71.2 68.2 -72.7 63 PiayShoofuoole 71 66.1 67.5 /69 66.8 /68.3 66.1 67.6 66.4 /67.9 _ ~~~~~~Factory 64 Aimin PrimoarySchool 3.8 62.7 //68.9 /70.4 70.21 /71.7 73.6 /75.1 65 Sanxing Mansions 1.8 61.5 57.5 69.5 66.5 71 70.8 67.8 72.3 74.2 71.2 75.7 66 Jianshe Road I 0 59.3 48.5 75.1 72.1 76.6 74.91 71 9 76.4 74.2 71.2 75.7 2 67 Cuijiadun 22 51.2 43 70.8 67.8 72.3 70.6 67.6 72.1 69.9 66.9 71.4 68 Youyilu Middle School 0 72.5 /76.2 /77.7 75 /76.5 75.1~ 76 6 74.3 /75.8 ~769 Minyi Hospital 8 70.5 /74.3 /75.8 73.1 /74.6 73.21 /74 7 72.4 I 73.9 70 Yuan anMamsions IC 71 Duowen Community 10 72 Wulal Community 1070.2 68.5 73.9 70.9 75.4 72.7 69.7 74.2 72.8, 69.8 74 3 72 69 73.5 73 Anshun Garden 110 _ _I_ _ 74 T0ian_T ane4om munity_u i ______n_ _ _ __Com ______I_ _ __ 152 (continued) hoarieota Current environmental Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noise forecast value by Road No. Namneof sensitive doizotanclt noisevalue (dBA) 2007 (d BA) (without this project) 2007 (dBA) 2012 (dBA) 2020 (dBA) section receptors red line of______road (in) Daytim Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Rashhoar Daytime Nighttimne Rashhour Daytime Nighttime Rashhour Daytime Nighttime Rushthour Meizi 75__ Xiongjtawan 12 38.4 52.5 76.8 73.8 78.3 79.2 76.2 80,7 79.9 76.9 81.4 Rd(RDI.28) 76 Distr-ict ffelfare Center 2 .575 43 5 78.6 75.6 80.1 81 78 82.3 81.7 78 7 83.2 77 Yuhua Mansion 5 dRDazh) 7 Yatiomnt723 65.8 68.7 65.7 70.2 69 66 70.5 69.8 66.8 71.3 67.7 64.7 69.2 79 Rongxing Mansion 5 Avenue~(RD1.15 80 Railway Middle 150 59.5 1/ 783.78/5. 9ZoghnHankou9/6. 89/60.4 586/6. School 81 Orient Star Garden 10 63 61.3 82 JiahaiHuayuan 10 RH(Ruhu4 83 69.5 66.5 7) 69.7 66.7 71.2 67 64 68.5 Middle School of WUhan 84 Baibuting Garden 10 85 Changhang cadres' 10 67.4 64.3 66.8 63.8 68.3 67.6 64.6 69.1 71.8 68.8 73.3 ______~~dormitory ______Lugouqiao Red Cross Hospital of 3 68 /68.3 1. 69.8 691/7. 33/74.8 Rd(RDI.33) 86 6. 06 7. ______87 Hubet Education College 40 63.5S 62.5 /64 63.3 . /64.8 67.5 /69 Huangpu Rd 89 Jiahaimi nyan 30 65 61261 661 76 70171 71631 70174.6 (RDI.5) 90 Centur Garden 30 645 6.691 6. 70601 6.116 73101 92 Ya an Garden 20 66.8 64 Jianshe 93 Luoc hang Residential 20 64472.4 69.4 73.9 70.4 67.4 71.9 71.3 68.3 72.8 71.4 68.4 72.9 Avenue - ______A ______4461.6 (RD 1.I101 -9 Changhang dormitory 20 95 Science and Technology 40 58 / 70,7 67.7 72.2 68.7 / 70.2 69.6 /71.1 69.7 /71.2 ______~~Palace -96 Lufialing Primary School 20 56.9 /73.2 / 74.7 74.4 /75.9 75.4 /76.9 97Ao2Staff~ optlo 6 35 4. 68.7 65.7 70.2 69.9 66.9 71.4 70.9 67.9 72.4 Qinghua Rd WIsI (RDIA4) 98 Caijiawan Middle School 110 57.5 56.35 58 5 7.7 /59.2 58.7 /60.2 99 DonglhuAgedness 60 51.2 42.5 68.7 65.7 70.2 69.9 66.9 71.4 70.9 67.9 72.4 ______~~~~~MansionsI Industrial i( Dazhou l'illage 0 64.7 61.7 66.2 6626. 65262.2 66.7 Avenue8 tOt WufengzVillage 0 62.9 52.8 65 6 66. 65- Luoshia 02 Agri.cultural Cadres' 100 36.8 /60.9 /62.4 62.7 [ /6. 31/6. Rd(RD 1029)college 6. 316. ShipailingRd 103 Diya Garden 10 64.9 62 66.3 63.3 67.8 69.5 66.5 71 71.9 68.9 73.4 (RD1.25) Jisan Rd 104 Nanhu Garden 10 64.8 59.9 67.6 64.6 69.1 68.8 65.8 70.3 68.8 65.8 70.3 Jinshui Rd 105 AMinglunjie Primary S 63 5 /70.3 /71.8 70.3 /71.8 68.5 /70 (RD1.23) School Hanxi R 63.5 56.5 63.5 56.5 / 69.5 66.3 71.0 69. 7 66.7 71.2 71.1 68.1 72.6 (RDIAvenue SDixinAvetnteuoaesde 1 58.3 46.8 63.3 60.3 64.8 64.9 61.9 66.4 65.4 62.4 66.9 66.0 63.0 67.5 Old Hansha Highway 68.5 61.5 70.2 67.2 71.7 66.7 63.7 68.2 68.7 65.7 70.2 68.0 65.0 6. (RD I1.6) ______ 153 (continued) - Nearest Current environmental Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noiseforecast va lue by Envirohmental noiseforecast value by 2012 EnvironmentalI noiseforecast value by f horizontal noisevalue (dBA) 2007 (dBA (without t as project) 2007 (dBA) -(dBA) 2020 (dBtA) Road section No. N.ameofsensitlve distneo rcpos red lineof Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Rushhose Daytime Nighttime Rashhoar Day~time Nighttime Rashhsa,r Daytime Nighttime Rashhour road (in) 106 Y-, esdeta l 30 68. 4 72. 9 67.6 72.1 67. 4 71.9 66. 8 71.3 Na--ta viaduct Miaoyi 30 678 .59.5707046. (RDI 13) 107 30d--r 100 F-hac/taol'log~ 20 725 69. 5 74 71 7 68.7 73. 2 71.5 68. 5 73 70. 9 67. 9 72. 4 'tio-ctRd Il It 10ro,ad side 56 63 5 59.5 60 3 57. 3 61. 8 72.6 69.6 74. 1 71.9 68. 9 73. 4 72.4 69. 4 73. 9 viudacgO1Jci 109 Huangitacdasan 0 65. 9 64. 5 55.6 52. 6 57. 1 67.4 64 4 68. 9 66.6 63. 6 68. 2 66.3 63.3 67.8 Xtnhausiav,udttt Rd Ga~SahooluPiay 0 52. 4 50. 9 64.2 68. 7 63. 4 67. 9 62. 1 67. 6 (RD) Id) - chol ______69.5 65 8 55 4 67.2 66. 41 66. III Gusaosha, 0 Sanj,otat-datte flou/hu Prtmvoy (RD/luI) 112 Se/tool 0 61.8 56.2 52.1 49. 1 53. 6 66 7 63.7 68. 2 66. 1 63. 1 67. 6 64. 4 61. 4 65. 9 Guaciko.v-duct GuoctkouI (n.D2s1) ResidentitltArea 20 67.7 63.5 67.7 64. 7 69. 2 64.9 61.9 66. 4 64,3 6t. 3 65. 8 64. 2 61. 2 65. 7 113 Chottgtai Maasion 20 76.2 75.6 71.9 60. 9 1 73. 4 74.1 71.1 75.6 72.3 60.23 73.8 74.23 71.23 75.98 ZhAtokovtadu-t 114 EzhouaMaesion 20 115 Fatgtai RealEstate 50 72.5 71.5 69.7 66. 7 71.2 71.6 66.6 73. 1 70.7 67.7 72.2 72.1 70. 1 74.6 Co.IIII Qingtingvtud..t t m to roadside 1 73.5 68.5 70.4 67. 4 71.9 73.9 70.9 75. 4 72. 4 69. 4 73. 9 71.4 68. 4 72. 9 (RD1t.3h, SouthteL-osh Rd -tattut t mto road side I 59.3 47.5 66.! 63. 1 67. 6 70.3 67.3 72 67.1 654.1 68. 6 63. 5 60. 5 65 (RDt 3d) Ltajidinduct 116 Liqiao Primary 10 48 5 / 60.7 /62. 2 63.9 /65. 4 62. 4/ 63. 9 61. 4 /62. 9 (RtDI-3e) School Yujiotnovi.d.ct Iitrodte tO 7. 705 72.5 69.5 74.0 73.0 70.0 74.5 72.8 9. 7. 76.5 67.5 73.0 (RD22.6) ora ,e 1 7. 0 987. viQdctRt2.) mocaside 1 72.5 69.5 71.5 60.5 73. 0 72. 0 69.0 72. 5 71.8i 60.8 73.3 69.5 66.5 72.0 RampsfChan/inog HtghtouyBudge I into roadside 1 63.5 57.5 70.4 67.4 73.09 73.9 70.9 75. 4 72. 4 69. 4 73. 9 73. 4 68. 4 72.09 (RD21 _ _ _ _ Table 6.2-4 Analogue Results of Roud Houndary Noise Loctionatthe forecasting Cnrrent environmental Environmental noiseforecast value by Environmental noiseforecast valne by Environmental noisefnrecast valne by Environmental noiseforecast value by Maintenance Width of Point(nearet noisevalue (dBA) 2007 (dBA) (without this project) 20&7 (dBA-) 2012 (dBA) 2020 (dBA) Road sectionao hori.mnal engineering roadCma) dislanceto red tnaCod Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Rushhouar Daytime Nighttime Rushhour Daytime Nighttimea Rushhoar Daytime Nighttime Rushhoar Jiefang Avenue (RMl.l'-RMot.3) Pavingasphalt 60 I 75.5 73.8 71.7 68.7 73.2 71.2 68.2 72.7 71.5 68.5 73 71.5 68.5 73 HunyangAvenue Pavinggosphltol 50 1 73.8 70.2 73.8 76.8 75.3 73.3 70.3 74.8 i73.5 70.5 75 73.1 70-1 74.6 (RMI1.8) ZhonPavng asphlt 20 1 76.5 73.5 75 9 72.9 77.4 75 4 72.4 76.9 75.5 72.5 77 75.7 72.7 77.2 Heping Avenue Pvnashl 0-60 I 74.5 70 5 72.5 69.5 74 71 68 72.5 71.1 68.1 72 6 71 68 72.5 WangqZiagHshuaY Pvtgapat 9~1 68.5 61.5 77 7 74.7 79.2 78.5 75.5 8075. 9 72.9 77.4 71.7 68 7 73.2 SoulhernJiefangRd Paving aophall 15 1 70.9 58.5 708 67.6 72.3 71.6 68.6 73.3 74.4 71.4 75.9 75.6 726 77.3 (RMI.6) II GutanMainRd cennt,teetet 30 1 71.1 56.5 74.8 71.8 76 3 72.8 69.8 74.3 .72.6 69.6 74.1 72.4 69.4 73.9 WushengRd(RMI1.4) P-rtgophlt ie 50 1 75.2 72.5 76.1 73.1 77.6 74.2 71.2 75.7 74.5 71.5 76 74.5 71.5 76 ______P Mt I______I______I______I______Notes:1. Theitalics in thetable express the road that the boundary noiseafter this project is higher thouthe curenetnoise and corresponding boundary noisevalues. 154 6.2.4 Analysis of Environmental Noise Modeling Results The above modeling results show that noise levels in all sensitive receptors will exceed the Class I standards in the GB3096-93. As the traffic flows increase over the years, the noise levels and thus the exceedance over the applicable standards will further increase in 2012 and 2020. In some other roads, as the traffic becomes smoother and sometimes diverted away, the noise levels will decrease, although they may still exceed the applicable standards. Noise Modeling Results at the Sensitive Receptors In all sensitive receptors along the project roads, noise levels exceed applicable standard and in East Lake Boai Seniors House on Qinghua Road where Class 0 applies, the noise will exceed the standards as well. The baseline noise values of all the sensitive receptors along the project roads, predicted noise values for 2007, 2012 and 2020 after the project and changes in noise levels after this project are shown in Figure 6.2-1 through Figure 6.2-8 respectively. Noise levels in the maps are color coded: red stands for the sensitive receptors where noise levels will increase after the project, while green stands for decrease or unchanged after the project. Compared to baseline environmental noise, sensitive receptors where environmental noise will increase after this project and the causes of increase are presented in Table 6.2-5. 155 Table 6.2-5 Sensitive Receptors with Noise Increase and Cause _D Name of sensitive environmBaseline Forecast noise for ID Name of sensitive environmenertal noise 2007 (dBA) Cause of increase of environmental No. receptor (dBA) noise after this project Nighttim Daytim Daytime e e Nighttime 7 Dormitory of Education 66.1 56 5 67 2 64 2 Commitlee 8 Jiang'an District Court 64 8 / 65 1 / Junior Middle School of 9 No 6 Middle School of 66.1 / 66.7 63 7 Wuhan 10 Gaoxiong residential area 65.5 55 8 67 64 Traffc flow mcreases after the road 14 Mofalu Primary School 61 6 / 67 5 64 5 is through 15 New Mofan Village S 66 63 16 No 2 Mofan Village 65. 57 5 64.8 61 8 17 Dormiton of Chemical Industrial Co. 60.5 58.5 67 2 64.2 18 Xiangyu Middle School 56 4 / 63 2 60.2 19 Wuhan Financial and 61.5 61 8 58 8 Trade Vocational School 20 Hubianfang Village 57 6 46 5 65 5 62.5 39 Dornitory ofHubei People's 48 1 40.5 70 6 67 6 Court 40 Hubei People's Court 49 8 / 69 3 66.3 Hubei Colour Television 41 Center 63.1 67 7 64.7 Traffic flow on the existing road is 42 Shahu Mansions 53.6 43 5 70.7 67 7 fewer, traffic flow increases after the 43 Jiarngying Hotel 61.5 54 5 64.9 61.9 road is through 44 Dorrmitory of 6803 Plant 63 3 56.2 66.5 63 5 45 Hongling Primary School 50.7 _ 65.6 62 6 46 Dormitory of Hubei 61.6 54 6 67 64 Computation College 47 Huatai Mansion 60 56 1 65 6 62.6 48 Dornitory of Hubei 67 9 59.5 66 3 63.3 Administerial Bureau 9 . 49 Dormitory of Wuhan 63 7 51 1 66 4 63.4 Heavy Mechanical plant 50 Tianyong Mansions 68 6 53 8 66 1 63.1 51 Hubei Aquatic Production 58.9 / 65 3 62 3 Traffic flow increases after the road Research Institute Is through Dormitory of Hubei 52 Aquatic Production 63.5 56 5 66 5 63 5 Bureau 53 Guangyuan Mansion 66.5 63.5 Office building of 54 provincial Party 64 4 55 7 65 6 62 6 committee 55 Huiyu Garden 57.5 51 5 70 1 67 1 56 Dormitory of Plastic Plant 53.5 45 5 71.5 68 5 57 Qinyuan Garden 54.5 48 5 65.1 62.1 Traffic flow on the existing road is 58 Clinic of Wuhan SciTech 53 4 68 8 65 8 fewer; traffic flow increases after the 5 Univ 5 road is through 59 New Tuanjie Village 48.1 41 67 8 64 8 60 Shiii caicheng 56 51 5 68 1 65.1 61 Dormitory of 665 Warehouse 59.2 41.5 71 8 68.8 62 Gutianlu Primary School 53.5 47 5 71 6 68.6 rraffic flow increases after the road 63 Primary School of 66 1 66.8 63 8 Isthrough Automobile Factory . 63 64 Aimin Primary School 62 7 / 68 9 65 9 65 Sanxing Mansions 61.5 57 5 69 5 66 5 Traffic fow increases after this 66 Jianshe Road I 59 3 48 5 75 1 72 1 project 67 Cuijiadun 51 2 43 708 67.8 156 (continued) Current situation of Forecast value of Name of sensitive environmental noise environmental noise Cause of increase of environmental No. receptor ( i) by2007 (dBA) noise after this project Daytime Nighttim Daytim Nighttime e e 68 Youyilu Middle School 72.5 75 72 69 Minyi Hospital 70 5 I 73.1 70 1 70 Yuan'an Mansions Traffic flow increases after 71 Duowen Community rebuilding of road 72 Wutai Community 70 2 68 5 72 7 69.7 73 Anshun Garden 74 Tianren Community 75 Xiongjiawan 58 4 52 5 76 8 73 8 76 District Welfare Center 57 5 43 5 78 6 75 6 81 Orient Star Garden 63 61 3 There is no existing road; traffic flow 82 Jiahai Huayuan increases after this project 83 Lodging School of No 6 55.8 51 5 69 5 66 5 Middle School of Wuhan 84 Baibuting Garden 85 Changhang cadres' 67.4 64.3 66 8 63 8 dormitory 86 Red Cross Hospital of 68 68.3 65 3 Jiang'an _ _ _ _ _ 87 Hubei Education College 63.5 / 62 5 59.5 88 Zizhuyuan 89 Jiahai mingyuan 64.5 61 2 69.1 66 1 Traffic flow increases after 90 Century Garden rebuilding of road 91 Urban Field Garden ______fra 92 Ya'an Garden 66 8 64 93 Luochang Residential704 64 93__ Area 64.4 61.6 70.4 674 94 Changhang dormitory 95 Science and Technology 58 / 68 7 65.7 ______~Palace _ _ _ _ _ 96 Lujialing Primary School 56 9 / 73.2 70.2 97 No 2 Staff's ospital of 53 5 45 5 68.7 65 7 Traffic flow icreases after Ws Tafcfo nrae fe 98 Caijiawan Middle School 57 5 / 56.5 53 5 rebuilding of road 99 Donghu Agedness 51 2 41 5 68.7 65 7 Mansions 100 Dazhou Village 62 9 52 8 64 7 61 7 There is no existing road; traffic flow 101 Wufeng Village increases after this project 102 Agricultural Cadres' 56 8 60.9 57.9 _____ ~College 103 Diya Garden 64.9 62 66.3 63 3 Traffic flow increases after 104 Nanhu Garden 64.8 59.9 67 6 64.6 rebuling of road 105 Minglunjie Primary 63 5 / 70 3 67.3 School 106 Yunhe Residential Area 107 Miaoyi Kindergarten 67.8 59 5 70_6_ 67_ 108 Fazhan Village 71 9 68 7 Traffic flow increases after 109 huangjiadawan 65.9 64 5 67 4 64 4 rebuilding of road 112 Houhu Primary School 61.8 / 66.7 / 116 Liqiao Primary School 48 5 63 9 The above table shows that the construction of the new road and road upgrading will result in a substantial increase in noise levels at sensitive receptors. In general, the high noise increases occur in areas where there is no road at present or the existing road is so narrow or poorly 157 connected with other roads, there is not much traffic. In some of these roads, as well as the sensitive receptors located there, the noise levels are expected to increase by up to about 30 dB(A) or more at night time. Such huge increases in noise levels will make significant differences in the environment in which these sensitive receptors are located. The currently quiet villages or schools will become noisy following the project completion, affecting their daily life, sleeps and classes. So, while the new or upgraded roads will bring convenience, better connection to other parts of city and opportunities to villages/neighborhood development, benefiting the local residents, the increased noise will deteriorate the environmental quality in which they live and some aspects of quality of life they currently enjoy. To many other sensitive receptors located on currently busy streets, noise levels are already very high, often exceeded the applicable standards substantially. The above table shows that the noise increases at these sensitive receptors will be marginal. The residents will continuously live in noise environment. While the noise upgrading near these sensitive receptors will result in much increased traffic, but at the same time, the currently chaotic traffic will become smoother which will reduce noise caused by constant homing, accelerating, braking, etc. So on the balance, the noise levels will increase only slightly, according to the noise model. For yet still other sensitive receptors in some other project roads, the noise levels will decrease according to the modeling results, although they would still exceed the applicable standards. The primary reason for the decrease is the present noise levels are very high due to the dis-orderly traffic. The project will provide an opportunities to alleviate the congestion and chaotic on the roads particularly the intersections, e.g. channelization of the interfecfions. These areas are major sources of traffic noise. The smoother traffic resulting from the road upgrading and construction of interchanges can offset any noise increase brought in by the increase traffic volumes at these locations. As shown in Table 6.2-6, many of the noise decreases will occur at presently busy intersections and busy streets. The reduced noise levels indicate one of the positive impacts of this project to the environment and urban communities. However, the areas received positive impacts are limited only to some project roads and intersections and the noise levels will still exceed the applicable standards after the levels will be reduced by the smoother traffic. 158 Table 6.2-6 Sensitive Receptors with Noise Decrease and Cause Current situation of Forecast value of environmental noise environmental noise Cause of decrease of environmental No. Name of sensitive (dBA) by 2007 (dBA) noise after this project Daytime Nightti Daytim Nghtme e e Nihtm I Changhang Staff's University 71 1 / 66 5 63 5 Dormitory of Third 2 Municipal Administerial 66 7 63 7 Co 3 Baodao Mansions 66.7 63 7 4 Changhang office building 73 4 67 8 67 2 64.2 5 Dormitory of Business 66 7 63 7 Orders Bank 6 Dormitory of Foods 65 9 62 9 Factory 11 New Hong Kong Building 67.6 64.5 65 9 62 9 12 Redbud Garden 66 7 63 7 13 Qiuyan Building 71.7 69 5 67 2 64 2 21 No tI Wuhan Hospital 72 9 69.7 71.2 68 2 22 Hehuayuan Residential 70 5 67.5 70 8 67.8 Area 23 First Chinese Medical 71 5 70 8 67.8 Clinic 24 Dormitory of Metal Co 72 3 69.3 25 No 279 Xianggang Road 74 3 69.4 72.3 69 3 Dormitory of Production~~ Road condition will be improved and 26 Dormitory of Producton 72.2 69 2 traffic congestion and tooting will ______Goods Co. ______decrease after this project 27 Suifeng Garden 72 2 71.2 71.2 68 2 28 Pengfei Garden 71.5 68.5 29 Xiangtian Mansions 71 4 70.8 71.5 68.5 30 Xima Residential Area 71 6 68 6 31 Wuahn Foreign Economic 71 3 68.3 Trade Commission 72 1 71.0 32 Ziteng Garden 70 5 67 5 33 Zhongyuan Dormitory 68 5 65 69 4 66 4 34 Studio of Wuhan Television 71 6 68.6 Station 72 5 71.3 716 8. 35 Chanrgfu Mansions 71.8 68 8 36 Huashi Commercial Co. 74 72.5 69.2 66 2 37 Commercial Bank 71.3 68 3 38 Dormitory of Material 73 2 71.5 72 3 69.3 Department 77 Yuhua Mansion 78 Yazhi Community 72.3 65 8 69 66 79 Rongxing Mansion 80 Hankou Railway Middle 59 5 59 56 School 110 Gusaoshu's Primary School 69 5 65 8 65 8 IlI Gusaoshu 113 Changtai Mansion 71 I Road condition will be improved and 114 E7hou Mansion 76 2 75 6 72 3 traffic congestion and tooting will 115 Fangtai Real Estate Co. 72.5 71 5 66 3 decrease after this project 117 Xianggang Rd residence 73 5 70.5 73.0 70 0 Noise at Rocid Boundary in Road Maintenance Component All the daytime and nighttime noises at road boundaries in the road maintenance component 159 of this project, such as Jiefang Avenue, Hanyang Avenue, Zhongshan Avenue, Heping Avenue, Gutian Main Road, Wusheng Road, Southern Jiefang Road and Wangqing Highway, exceed the applicable standards, Class IV in GB 3096-93. Comparison with the baseline noise levels, predicted road boundary noise after the project is complete, and the cause of increase and decrease are preseted in Table 6.2-7. Table 6.2-7 Cause Analysis of Increase and Decrease of Road Boundary Noise Current situation of Forecast value of Causes of increase and Road section Maintenance environmental noise environmental noise by decrease of engineering (dBA) 2007 (dBA) environmental noise Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime after this project Jiefang Avenue Pvn shl 55 7 12 6 (RMI I-RMI 3) Paving asphalt 75.5 73 8 71 2 682 Road condition will be Hanyang Avcnue(RM 1.8) Paving asphalt 73 8 70 2 73 3 70 3 improved and tooting Zhongshan Avenue(RMI .I 1) Paving asphalt 76.5 73.5 75 4 72.4 rebuilding of road Heping Avenue(RM I 9) Paving asphalt 74 5 70 5 71 68 Wangqrng Highway(RMI 7) Paving asphalt 68.5 61 5 78 5 75 5 Southern Jiefang Rd(RMI 6) Paving asphalt 70 9 58 5 71.6 68 6 Traffic flow will increase Maintenanceof ~~~~~~~~~~~greatlyafter this project Gutian Main Rd(RMI 10) cementpavement 71 1 56 5 72 8 69 8 Road condition will be Wusherig Rd(RM 1.4) Paving asphalt in 75.2 72.5 74.2 71.2 improved and tooting WusherigRd(RM 1.4)part will decrease after ______rebuild ing o f road. Notes: 1. The italics in the table express the road that the boundary noise after this project is higher than the current noise and corresponding boundary noise values. Similar to road infrastructure component, noise levels after the completion of road maintenance project are predicted to increase in some sections and decrease in other, although the reduced noise levels still exceed the applicable standards. The increase noise will be due to the increased traffic while the decrease is due to the reduced homing and smoother traffic after the road have been paved with asphalt by this project. Again although the traffic volume will increase in these project roads as well, the reduction in noise levels will be sufficient to offset the increased noise from increased traffic. Although not on all the sections, the noise reduction in some of the road maintenance sections demonstrated once again the positive impacts the project will bring. Key Sensitive Receptors Schools and hospitals are extremely sensitive to environmental noise and considered the key sensitive receptors in this EA. There are 20 schools, one kindergarten, six hospitals and two senior houses along the project roads. The environmental noise baseline of these receptors and predicted noise levels.after the project completion are in Table 6.2-8. 160 Table 6.2-8 Baseline and Predicted Noise at Key Sensitive Receptors Current situation of Forecast value of environmental noise environmental noise Environmental noise situation and impacted No. Name of sensitive receptor (dBA) by 2007 (dBA) situation Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Environmental noise will be lower than the current i Changhang Staffs 71 1 66 5 / noise after the project, and indoor noise is lower than Uninersity 60 dBA afRer closing windows, it can meet basically the requirements of normal teaching environment Junior Middle School of No 6 66 1 66 7 Middle School of WVuhan 14 Mofanlu Primtary School 61 6 675 / 18 Xiangyn Middle School 56 4 63 2 W1ihan Financial and Trade Environmental noise will be higher than the current /9 Vocational School 615 / 6/8 / noise afler the project, but indoor noise is lower than 45 Hongling Pt imary School 50 7 65 6 60 dBA after closing windows, it can meet basically 63 Primary School ofAutomobile 66 1 66 8 the requirements of nonmal teaching environment Factoryi 64 Aimin Primary School 62 7 68 9 / 68 Youyilu P rmiaty School 72 5 75 / Environmental noise will be higher than the current Hankou Railway Middle 9 / 59 noise after the project, but indoor noise is lower than 80 School 60 dBA after closing windows, it can meet basically the requirements of normal teaching environment 83 Lodging School of No 6 55 8 51 5 695 / Middle school of Wiihan 87 Hubei Education College 63 5 / 62 5 / 96 Luyialing Primary School 569 73 2 Environmental noise will be lower than the current noise after the proicet, and indoor noise is lower than 98 Caijiawnn Middle School 575 / 565 / 60 dBA after closing windows, it can meet basically 102 Agricultural Cadres ' College 56 8 / 60 9 / the requirements of normal teaching environment 105 Minglunjie Primary School 63 5 / 7033 107 M,aoyi Kindergarten Environmental noise will be lower than the current 11II Gusaoshu Primary School 69 5 65 8 65 8 / noise after the project, and indoor noise is lower than 60 dBA after closing windows, it can meet basically the requirements of normal teaching environment 116 Ligiao Primary School Environmental noise will be higher than the current / /3 Holihn Primary School 61 8 56 2 62 / noise after the project, but indoor noise is lower than 60 dBA after closing windows, it can meet basically the requirements of normal teaching environment 21 No. II Wuhan Hospital 72 9 69 7 71 2 68 2 Environmental noise will be lower than the current noise after the project, and indoor noise is lower than 23 Clinic of First Chinese 71 5 / 70 8 67 8 60 dBA after closing windows, it can meet basically Medical llospital the requirements of normal hospital environment 58 Medical College of Wutihan 53 4 . 68 8 Science and TechnologyUnlv Environmental noise will be higher than the current 69 Minyi Hospital 70 5 73 1 70 1 noise after the project, but indoor noise is lower than Red Cross Hospital of 68 / 683 65 3 60 dBA atler closing windows, it can meet basically 86 Jiang 'an District 68_6_3_5_3 the requirements of normal hospital environment 97 No 2 Staff's Clilic of WS 53 5 45 5 68 7 65 7 76 District Warfa,e Center 57 5 43 5 78 6 75 6 Environmental noise will be higher than the current noise after the project, it can not meet the 99 Donghu Boai Agedness 512 415 68 7 65 7 requirements of recuperate environment even if _Mansions widows are closed Notes I The italics in the table express the environmental sensitive receptors that the environmental noise after this project is higher than the current noise and corresponding environmental noise values, The bold lettcrs in the table express the environmental sensitive receptors that the environmental noise after this project is lower than the current noise and corresponding environmental noise values The table shows that except five key sensitive receptors where the noise levels will be reduced slightly due to the smoother traffic, at all other sensitive receptors noise levels will increase. In some places, the increase in noise levels will be increased substantially (up to 24 dB(A) at night in some places). At all sensitive receptors, the noise levels will exceed the applicable standards and in most cases, significantly. This indicates the project will have significant noise impacts and normal operations at most key sensitive schools along the project will be affected. 161 Comparison of Noise along the Project Roads with and without the Project At the environmental sensitive receptors along the project roads, the noise levels would be substantially different under the conditions corresponding to scenarios of with and without the project. Table 6.2-9 shows the baseline noise values at the sensitive receptors for road infrastructure component, predicted noise values without this project and the predicted noise values with this project, Table 6.2-10 shows the same information for road boundaries for the road maintenance component. 162 Table 6.2-9 Comparison of Noise at Sensitive Receptors with and without the Project Current situation Forecast value of Forecast value of Comparative of environmental environmental noise environmental noise analysis of No. Name of sensitive fnoise e BA) by 2007 b) (dBA environmental noise receptor (without project) Davtim Nighttim Daytime Nighttim Daytime Nighttim tim e e e I Changhang Staff's 71 1 67 9 64 9 66 5 63 5 University 2 Dormitory of Third Municipal 68 1 65 1 66 7 63 7 With project < Administerial Co without project, 3 Baodao Mansions 68 1 65 1 66 7 63 7 without project < 4 Changhang office building 73 4 67 8 68 6 65.6 67 2 64 2 current situation, this Dormitory of Business Orders project improves 5 Bank 68 1 65 1 66 7 63 7 environmcntal noise 6 Dormitory of Foods 67.3 64 3 65 9 62 9 Factory 7 Dormitory of Education 66 1 56.5 68 6 65 6 67 2 64.2 With project < Committee without prolect, 8 Jiang'an District Court 64 8 / 66 5 / 65.1 / without project > Junior Middle School of No 6 66 / 68 1 65 1 66 7 63.7 current situation, this Middle School of Wuhan project will improve environmental noise, 10 Gaoxiong residential area 65.5 55 8 68.4 65 4 67 64 but it will be higher than current noise 11 New Hong Kong 67 3 64.3 65 9 62.9 With project < Building 67 6 64.5 without project, 12 Redbud Garden 68.1 65 1 66.7 63.7 without project < current situation; this 13 Qiuyan Building 71 7 69.5 68 6 65 6 67 2 64.2 project improves environmental noise 14 Mofalu Primary School 61 6 / 68 9 65.9 67.5 64 5 15 New Mofan Village 67 4 64.4 66 63 With project < 16 No 2 Mofan Village 65 8 57.5 66 2 63 2 64 8 61 8 without project, Dormitoryof Chemical w~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ithoutproject > 17 Dormitory of Chemical 60 5 58.5 68 6 65 6 67 2 64.2 current situation, this Industrial Co. 18 Xiangyu Middle School 56 4 / 64 6 61.6 63.2 60.2 project will improve 19 Wuhan FVoancial and 61 5 / 63 2 60.2 61 8 58 8 but it will be higher Trade Vocational School than current noise 20 Ilubianfang Village 57 6 46 5 66.9 63 9 65 5 62 5 21 No 11 Wuhan Hospital 72 9 69.7 71 4 68 4 71 2 68 2 22 Hehuayuan Residential 70 5 675 71 68 70.8 67.8 Area 23 First Chinese Medical 71 5 71 68 70 8 67.8 Clinic 24 Dormitory of Metal Co 72 5 69 5 72 3 69 3 25 No 279 Xianggang Road 74 3 69.4 72 5 69.5 72 3 69 3 26 Dormitory of Production 72 4 69 4 72 2 69 2 With project < Goods Co without project, 27 Suifeng Garden 72 2 71 2 71 4 68.4 71 2 68 2 without project < 28 Pengfei Garden 71 7 68 7 71 5 68 5 current situation, this 29 Xiangtian Mansions 71.4 70 8 71.7 68.7 71.5 68 5 project improves ______~~environmental noise 30 Xima Residential Area 71 8 68 8 71 6 68 6 31 Wuahn Foreign Economic 71.5 68.5 71 3 68 3 Trade Commission 72 1 71.0 32 Ziteng Garden 70 7 67.7 70.5 67 5 33 Zhongyuan Dormitory 68 5 65 69 6 66 6 69 4 66 4 r34 Studio of Wuhan 72.5 713 718 68.8 71.6 686 Television Station 7. 7 163 (continued) Current situation Forecast value of Forecast value of Correnvironmental environmental noise environmental Comparative analysis N. No.Name of sensitive nosnoise (dBA)dB) by 2007 (dBA) environmentalnoise, by 2007\of of environmental receptor (without project) (dBA) noise Daytime Nighttim Daytime Nighttim Daytim Nighttim e e e e 35 Changfu Mansions 72 69 71.8 68.8 With project < without 36 Huashi Commercial Co 74 72 5 69 4 66 4 69 2 66 2 project, without project 37 Commercial Bank 71 5 68 5 71 3 68 3 < current situation, this 38 Dormitory of Material 73 2 71 5 72 5 69 5 72 3 69 3 project improves Department environmental noise 39 Dormitory of Hubei 48 1 40 5 70 6 67 6 Wihpoetcuen People's Court With project > current 40 Hubei People's Court 49 8 / 69 3 66 3 situation; this project 41 Hubei Colour 63 1 67.7 64.7 improves Television Center _____environmental noise 42 Shahu Mansions 53 6 43 5 _70 7 67 7 43 Jiangying Hotel 61.5 54 5 63 1 60.1 64.9 61 9 44 Dormitory of 6803 Plant 63.3 56.2 64.7 61 7 66 5 63 5 45 Hongling Primary School 50 7 / 63 8 60 8 65.6 62 6 46 Dormitory of Hubei 1.6 54 6 65.2 62 2 67 64 Computation College 47 Huatai Mansion 60 56.1 63.8 60 8 65.6 62.6 48 Dormitory of Hubei 67.9 59.5 64.5 61 5 66.3 63 3 With project > without 49Dormitory of Wuhan Heavy 63.7 51.1 64.6 61 6 66.4 63.4 project, without project DorMechanical plant e 63.7 51.1 64.6 61 6 66.4 63.4 > current situation; this 50 Tianyong Mansions 68.6 53.8 64.3 61 3 66 1 63 1 project improves 51 ubei Aquatic Production 58.9 63.5 60.5 65.3 62 3 environmental noise 52 Dormitory of Hubei Aquatic647 17 665 I 35 52 Production Bureau 63 5 56.5 64 7 61.7 66.5 63.5 53 Guangyuan Mansion 64.7 61 7 66 5 63 5 Office building of 54 provincial Party 64.4 55.7 63.8 60.8 65 6 62 6 .. ____ committee 55 Huiyu Garden 57.5 51 5 70.1 67.1 56 Dormitory of Plastic Plant 53.5 45 5 71 5 68.5 57 Qmyuan Garden 54.5 48.5 65 1 62 1 With project > current Qhnyu of GardenWuhan 54.5 48.565 62 situation; this project 58 Clinic of Wuhan 53.4 68.8 65 8 improves ______~SciTech Univvromnanis 59 New Tuanjie Village 48 1 41 67 8 64.8 environmental noise 60 Shiji caicheng 56 51 5 68.1 65.1 61 Dormitory of 665 59.2 41.5 72 5 69 5 71 8 68 8 With project < without Warehouse project, without project 62 Gutianlu Primary 53.5 47.5 72 3 69 3 71 6 68.6 > current situation, this 62.School 5 project will improve environmental noise, 63 Automobile Factory 66 1 / 67 5 64 5 66 8 63 8 but it will be higher than current noise 64 Aimin Primary School 62 7 68 9 65.9 With project > current 65 Sanxing Mansions 61 5 57.5 69.5 66 5 situation, this project 66 Jianshe Road I 59 3 48 5 75 1 72 1 improves 67 Cuijiadun 51 2 43 70.8 67.8 environmental noise 68 Youyilu Middle School 72.5 / 76 2 73 2 75 72 With project < without 69 Minyi Hospital 70 5 74 3 71 3 73 1 70.1 project, without project 70 Yuan'an Mansions > current situation, this 71 Duowen Community project will improve 72 Wutai Community 70 2 68 5 73 9 70 9 72 7 69.7 environmental noise, 73 Anshun Garden but it will be higher 74 Tianren Community than current noise 164 (continued) Current situation Forecast value of Forecast value of Name of sensitive of environmental bye2007 (dBAl environmental noise Comparative analysis No. receptor noise (dBA) (without proJect) by 2007 (dBA) of environmental receptor (without project) ~~~~~~~~~~noise Daytime Nighttim Daytime Nighttim Daytim Nighttim e e e e 75 Xiongliawan 58.4 52.5 76.8. 73 8 With project > current situation; this project 76 District Welfare Center 57 5 43.5 78 6 75 6 increases environmental noise 77 Yuhua Mansion With project > without 78 Yazhi Community 72 3 65.8 68 7 65 7 69 66 project, without 79 Rongxing Mansion project < current situation, this project 80 Hankou Railway 59.5 / 57.8 54 8 59 56 improves Middle School environmental noise 81 Orient Star Garden 63 61.3 82 Jiahai Huayuan With project > current Lodging School of 69.5 66.5 situation; this project 83 No 6 Middle School of 55 8 51.5 increases Wuhan environmental noise 84 Baibuting Garden 85 Changhang cadres' 67.4 64.3 66 8 63.8 dormitory Environmental noise 86 Red CrossJiang'al Hospital ofEniomtanis68 / 68.3 65 3 will maintain current Jiang'an situation basically. 87 Hubei Education 63 5 62.5 59.5 College . 88 Zizhuyuan With project > current 89 Jiahai mingyuan 64.5 61 2 69 1 66 1 situation, this project 90 Century Garden increases 91 Urban Field Garden environmental noise 92 Ya'an Garden 66 8 64 With project < without 93 Luochang Residential 72 4 69 4 70.4 67.4 project, without Area 64 4 61.6 . . project > current 94 Changhang dormitory . situation; this project will improve 95 Science and environmental noise, Technology Palace 58 / 70.7 67 7 68.7 65 7 but it will be higher I____ than current noise 96 Lujialing Primary 56 9 73 2 70 2 With project > current School situation, this project 97 No 2 Staff's Hospital 53 5 45 5 68.7 65 7 increases of WS environmental noise Caijiawan Mliddle Environmental noise 98 School 57 5 / 56.5 / will maintain current situation basically. 99 Donghu Agedness 51 2 41 5 68 7 65 7 Mansions 100 Dazhou Village 64 7 61 7 101 Wufeng Village 62.9 52 8 With project > current 102 Agricultural Cadres' 56 8 / 60 9 57 9 situation, this project College increases 103 Diya Garden 64.9 62 66 3 63.3 environmental noise 104 Nanhu Garden 64 8 59 9 _ 67 6 64 6 105 Minglunjie Primary 63.5 / 70 3 67 3 School 165 (continued) . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Forecastvalue of Current situation Forecast value of Name of sensitive of environmental byi2007 noise environmental noise Comparative analysis No. receptor noise (dBA) by2007 (dBA) by 2007 (dBA) of environmental receptor (without project) noise Daytim Nighttim Nighttim Daytim Nighttim e e Daytim e e e 106 Yunhe Residential With project < without Arca 71.4 68 4 70 6 67 6 project, without project > 107 Miaoyi Kindergarten 67.8 59 5 currentproject situation,will improve this 108 Fazhan Village 72 5 69 5 71 7 68.7 environmental noise, but it ______w ill be higher than current 109 Huangjiadawan 65.9 64 5 55 6 52.6 67.4 64 4 noise Gusaoshu's Primary With project > without 110 School project, without project > 69.5 65.8 55 4 52.4 67.2 64.2 current situation, this 11i Gusaoshu project will increase environmental noise With project > witlout project, without project > 112 Houhu Primary School 61 8 56 2 52 1 49 1 66.7 63 7 current situation, this project will increase environmental noise 113 Changtai Mansion With project > witlout 76.2 75.6 71.9 68.9 74.1 71. 1 project, without project < 114 Ezhou Mansion current situation, this Fangtai Real Estate project will improve 115 Co. 72 5 71.5 69 7 66 7 71 6 68 6 environmental noise With project > without project, without project > 116 Liqiao Primary School 48.5 / 60.7 / 63.9 / current situation, this project will increase environmental noise With project > without XianggangRd ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~project,without project 117 Xianggang Rd 73 5 70.5 72 5 69.5 73.9 70 7 Table 6.2-10 Comparison of Road Boundary Noise with and without This Project Current situation Forecast value of Forecast value of ofenvironmental environmental noise environmental noise Road section noise (dBA) by 2007 (BA) by2007 (dBA) Comparative analysis of road (without project) boundary noise Daytim Nighttim Daytim Nighttim Daytim Nighttim e e e e e e Jiefang Avenue 75 5 73 8 75.7 68.7 71 2 68.2 With project < without project. Hanyang 73 8 70.2 73.8 70.8 73.3 70.3 Environmental noise will maintain Avenue current situation basically. Zhongshan 76 5 73.5 76 9 72 9 75 4 72.4 Avenue I_With project < without project Heping Avenue 74 5 70 5 75 5 69 5 71 68 Wangqing 68 5 61.5 77.7 74.7 78 5 75.5 With project > without project, Highway . without project > current situation, Southern Jiefang 70 9 58 5 70.8 67 8 71 6 68 6 this project increases environmental Rd noise Gutian Main Rd 71 1 56 5 74.8 71 8 72.8 69.8 With project < without project, without project > current situation, Wusheng Rd 75 2 72 5 76 1 73.1 74 2 71 2 this project will improve environmental noise, but it will be ______._____ higher than current noise Regardless whether there will be the project, the traffic volume on the project roads will 166 increase over time although with the project the traffic volumes on project roads will increase more because of the much improved conditions and transportation capacity. The impacts on noise levels would be different. With the project, traffic jams and congestion will be alleviated, resulting in less horning, acceleration and braking and thus low noise levels. From Table 6.2-9, it can be seen that of all the sensitive receptors, 62 will experience lower noise levels after the project completion compared with the scenario of without the project. However, 55 remaining sensitive receptors, noise levels are expected to increase indicating the increased traffic volumes will generate high enough noise levels to offset the noise reduced by the better road conditions and smoother traffic. Table 6.2-10 shows a similar trend for the road maintenance component. Noise levels will have both increases and decreases with the project when compared the without the project scenario. 6.2.7 Mitigation Measures for Noise Control 6.2.7.1 Management Measures To mitigate the increased noise, considering the actual environmental sensitivities in areas surrounding the project roads, the following management measures have been developed and will be taken for noise mitigation. Rationalized Urban Planning and Buildings Layout Along the project roads, the planning department will follow strictly the stipulations in Clause 11 of Chapter 2 in "Prevention and Treatment Method for Environmental Noise Pollution of the People's Republic of China". The clauses indicate, "During the process of determining the buildings layout, the urban planning department shall delimit the noise-insulation distance between buildings and transport trunk rationally in accordance with national quality standard of acoustic environment and the design specifications for civil architectures, it shall present corresponding planning and design requirements". While planning on land and areas along the project roads, the planning authority will consider the results of noise modeling in this EA to determine the functions of land and areas. In principle, in the area neighboring project roads, no new sensitive buildings such as schools, hospitals, senior houses and collected residential buildings area will be permitted. The first row of buildings neighboring the roads will be planned as non noise-sensitive facilities such as department stores and other commercial uses to reduce impact of road traffic noise on quality of acoustic environment. Control of Motor Vehicles Horning The sound level of motor vehicles horning is high and horning is wide spread in urban Wuhan areas, particularly the urban center and congested busy streets. In fact, horning has been found to be one of the major factors for excessive environmental noise and its exceedance over the standard. So controlling horning will play a role for improving acoustic environment in the urban area including the project impacted areas. Therefore, traffic control department will strengthen organization and management, maintain road conditions, and reduce unnecessary 167 homing. Wuhan EPB and traffic police authority are currently studying the plan for homing bans and the city will pass by-law to completely ban homing in urban areas in the near future. At the same time, the city will launch a campaign to enhance the environmental consciousness of drivers, while driving within the urban area to reduce noise from such practices as homing. Landscape Both Sides of the Roads The open areas along the road will be used as much as possible for appropriate landscaping, including tree planting. Where possible, thick and multi-layers of trees will be planted along the project roads. During the process of selecting tree species, planting and row spacing, the requirements of sound absorption and noise attenuation will be considered, so that landscaping will play a role, although very small, in noise reduction as well as beautify the environment. Control of Noise from Vehicles Motor vehicle maintenance measures will be required for all motor vehicles in the city according to relevant local stipulations of vehicle management and national standard of "Standard of Allowable Noise for Motor Vehicles". Motor vehicles with excessive noise will be forbidde-nto run on urban roads, to control some of the traffic noise from sources. 6.2.7.2 Specific Noise Mitigation Measures Principlesof Noise Mitigation According to the basic principles of environmental protection of "prevention first, prevention and mitigation together, and integrated mitigation" and "polluters pay" as well as the strategic policy of "unified social, economic and environmental benefits", the following main principles will be taken while developing noise mitigation measures in this project. AX For new project roads, noise levels will increase substantially following the project. Specific mitigation measures such as double glazed noise isolation windows will be taken for all sensitive receptors 3C For road upgrading roads, where noise levels will be reduced or maintained more or less at the existing baseline levels, double glazed windows will be installed in key sensitive receptors (schools hospitals, kindergartens and seniors homes) where noise level will still exceed the applicable standards. No specific mitigation measures will be taken for other receptors where noise levels are projected to decreased from the current levels. AX For road maintenance components, again the improved road surface in most cases will help reduce or maintain noise levels along the project roads. No specific noise mitigation measures will be taken. Specific Noise Mitigation Measures Based on the above-mentioned principles for specific noise mitigation measures, considering 168 the noise modeling results presented in Table 6.2-3, specific noise mitigation measures will be taken at sensitive receptors. These measures include: x Double glazed windows at sensitive receptors. Wuhan is very hot in the summer and completion closure of windows without air conditioning is not practical nor acceptable. However, based on the site survey during this EA, over 90% of urban residents and most of the institutions including hospitals and schools are currently equipped with air conditioning. In this project where double glazed windows will be installed as noise mitigation measures, air conditioning will be provided to those sensitive receptors where there is currently no air conditioning facilities; The locations and sensitive receptors as well as the effect and residual impacts are summarized in Table 6.2-11. x Higher quality asphalt will be applied for entire project roads which will reduce the frictions with motor vehicle tires and reduce the level of noise thus generated; x The joints on elelvated viaduct and interchanges will be carefully designed and constructed to reduce the noise originated from the joints; x Through traffic will be banned for urban center. In general, heavy trucks which are high noise sources will be banned for urban areas. Special permits will be needed if such trucks must eniter into the urban areas. In all circumtances, such trucks will be banned in the urban center at night. x Motor vehicle fleet will be requested to conduct regular maintenance to keep the vehicle in good conditions to minimize noise levels from motors and other vehicle parts. x As indicated above, the city is currently studying a ban for motor vehicle homing in urban Wuhan area. According to Wuhan EPB, such a ban will be introduced to the city in the near future. 169 Table 6.2-11 Noise Prevention and Treatment Eng neering Measures for Environmental Sensitive Receptors and the Results Currineii EnvironmentalMinvrnenta CuvrrnFenta Inoise Eniomna niomna anengineering environmenta~ ~ ~ ~ nis vey'of oseovrrofResults and analysis of noise Quantities and 0 2 No. Name of sensitive I noise value foecast value noise ove p1roof noie bye00p Nooofp 0 -4 ~ rcetr dB ) by 2007 vleb202 vleb220 Niepeeto an trtm tmasesnd prevention and treatment investment estimate of Remarks 04 receptor (dBA) ~ ~~(BA) (dBA) (dBA) stage implementation plan mauenoise prevention and D.ayti., Nighitfim Daytime Nigth5ito Daytime Nightilio Daytime Nightime treatment I Chongh,mgStaff's U--etity 71.1 / 66.5 / 69.4 I 70.6 / 2 Dormnoiyof Third Manicipal 67 6 96 6. 08 6. Adummistena]Co.667 67 696 66 70 78 3 BaodaoMaosions 66.7 63.7 69.6 66.6 70.8 67.8 Afterihe implemcniatrooofAfthistprojeat thisthp,rujeci.nthe- noiseohise-atnthe atnthl E1 noise is beter,thcan e.i 3 Baodom,Mansmns 66.7 63.7 69.6 66.6 70.8 67.8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~sensai,ieeceptoras bath sides of niads,illt h-esor thuncatnrte siratut,ianl-edumlndl 4Chmshss~~tfflteboIdirg 73.4 67,8 672 64.2 70.1 671 7.3 6. of isit; i t~ill adoptmeas.rofprohibitiion ftootingnoise from sio.ationbatasilecossadr ls 4 Ch.ghgofficebuddai67.2 67.1 71.3 68.3vehicles., 5 DonsltY ofBusiressOrdnttBk 66.7 63.7 69.6 66.6 70.8 67.8 6 DornittrytofFoodsFncoiy ____65.9 62.9 68.8 65.8 70 67 t 7 Dorriitoysofdtnition Commitee 66.1 56 5 67.2 64.2 70.1 67.1 71.3 68.3 120m, 60 thosoaandY... t *: 8 JiangamDisirict Coarts 64.8 / 65.1 / 68 I 69.2 / Installingveotilation sodnoise-reducm wiedowes daring the process of 130m.65 thousand Y-a JuniorMiddle School ofk uop6t.standard C______I 5 9 MiddleSchoolof%Wabai 66.!1 66.7 / 69.6 70.8 / oupl-emtatuo, ofthis roadengisnerig ostsanrdCssI288ms , 144tho-and Yaan 5 10 Gao.iong residentialarea 65.5 55.8 67 64 69.9 66.9 -71.1 68.1 640m, 320thousand Yams I I Ne m idogKong Building 65.9 62.9 68.8 65.8 70 67 Afterthe implementationoftdhis praject. the inmcrmnt ofe-iuvimnenlal Envionmental noisewill maitainthe, lent 67.6 64.5 noiseat the -esiet- eceptorwill beless than 2.5 dBAin shortlora; of currnt situatirnin shortsterm, it mill be O 12 RedbudGarden 66.7 63.7 69.6 66.6 70.8 67.8 adoptingventilation and soise-redace measure is longterm up to standardClass t in longterm. .6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Aftertheimplementation of this poject, the -inireonmntl noiseat the te 13 QiuyanBuilding 7. 695 6. 642 0. 671 73 683 sensitivereceptor at bathsides of roodwill helowner than conrent situatios Enviramntamtsnoiseis tenettha cuinee m 717s. 72 6. 01 6. 13 6. f noise;itwill adoptmecasuire of prulibition of rootingnoise from situationhat isfoill eaceeds stnmdard Clbs L. 1- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ivehicles t 14 MafadaPrimary school 61.6 / 67.5 I 70.4 I 71.6 / 336m. 168thsousud Yunn t IS5 NewMofan Village 66 63 68.9 65.9 70.1 67-1 768mn. 384thousand Youan 65.8 57.5 ____ t lb6 No.2MofanVillage 64.8 618 67.7 64.7 68.9 65.9 968m, 484thousand Yuan 17 DnnmtyafCtmualloloiaf. 60.5 58.5 672 6. 0. 71 7. 68. latalling ventilationand noiwo-rdueesvindo,s during theproeessofoptsanrdCssI2m.12toundYn 67.2 64.270.1 67-1 71_3_68_ implemeniation of thosroad engineering up_t_stadar_Cl__I_40 ___120thos____Y. IS8 XiaegyuMiddle School 56.4 / 63.2 / 66.1 I 67.3 330m.'165 thousnd Yuan 19 WslaF,.idTndTvnisnsiasl Shnl 61.5 / 61.8 I 64.7 / 65.9 /48Gm.' 240thousand Yuan 5 20 H.bia.fang Village 57.6 46.5 65.5 62.5 68.4 65.4 69.6 66.6 445am.224thouannd Yuan 2t No.] I W.1anHospital 72.9 69.7 71.2 68.2 71 6 686 65.6 22 liheyapoaResidential Ama 70.5 67.5 70.8 67.8 70.6 67.6 68.2 65.2 23 FirstChines Medical Clinic 71.5 / 70.8 / 70.6 / 68.2 / 24 3ormiioiyof`MetalCo 72.3 69.3 72.1 69.1 69.7 66.7 25 No. 279 X,angpgnRoad 74.3 69.4 72.3 69.3 72.1 69.! 69.7 66.7 -. 26 W.,nioy ofProducho.sGDodsC. 72.2 69.2 72 69 69.6 66.6 - 27 Suiferg Gar-dan 72.2 71.2 71.2 68.2 71 68 68.6 65.6 28 PengfniGarden 71.5 68.5 71.3 68.3 68.9 65.9 es 29 XiangtianMarnsions 71.4 7. 715 65 7.3 83 6.9 59 After theimoplemnentateon of this proiject,the envirometal noiseat Part of E-n-ironeneemlnoise nanitamns the o~~~~~~~~~~~~4 ~~ 708 7. 85 7. 83 6. 59 sensitivereceptor at bathsides ofroad svllbelower thancurrentsituiation urn levelof cretsit-uato, batit still exceedsstandard 30 Xi..a ResidantialArea 71.6 68.6 71.4 68.4 69 66 of'rnose,and panf noises-d1 increase; itsuill adoptimeasureof 66 ~~~~prohibitionoftlantig noisefrom vehicles. ClassI 3I W.&onpegsa=%nTr9emfanmuo 71.3 68.3 71.1 68.1 68.7 65.7 nO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~72.1.71.0 C 32 ZitengGarden 70.5 67.5 70.3 67.3 67.9 64.9 33 ZhongyaunDormistoy 68.5 65 69.4 66.4 69.2 66.2 66.8 63.8 34 Sunitho.rW6,TelesinsioSatimi 25 7- 71.6 68.6 71.4 68.4 69 66 35 ChangfiuMansions1 71.8 68.8 71.6 68.6 69.2 66.2 36 HausahiCommercial Co. 74 72.5 69.2 66.2 69 66 66.6 63.6 37 CommercialBank 71.3 68.3 71.1 68.1 6.8.7 65.7 38 DoanityryefMaiaalDepaummt 73.2 71.5 72.3 169.3 172.1 69.1 69.7 66.7 170 (continued) ______c ~~~~~~~~CurrentEnvironmnental Environmental niomna environmental noise forecast novriseo nironmentapofReutln aayi f os an niern o. Name of sensitive nosevaue vaueby207eveprofniisioerrofand treatment mleasurensn and e andge Mainiieengineer[iing recptr alue(lIA)by2012 vau y2020 Noiseestage analsso noatisen estiateofrois receptor(dBA) (dBA) (~~~dBA) (dBA) implementation plan prvninaderamnusitimaes a fndoviisenReak 1 ~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~measuresprevention anid treatmeni ce ihrir Dpn ]Nhse Olime-~~~~~~~~~Oarm t5ighrrine Da,iime Nighiiime 39 DomnOt3oy.lHo1bo,People's 48.1 4115 70.6 67.6 70.5 67 5 71 2 68.2 605rn1 304thousand Yuam 40 Hobo,People's Coont 49.8 / 69.3 / 69.2 / 69.9 64m,30thuadYa 41i il.bei ColourTel-vsion Cenier 63.1 / 67 7 67.6 / 68.3 /7762,' 788t5hoosasndYu,an 5 ,-. 42 Shah. Mansions 53.6 43.5 70.7 67.7 70.6 67 6 71.3 68.3 740nm. 370ihousuod Yoan ~ 43 iiangymnsHotel 61.5 54.5 64.9 61.9 66.4 63.4 69.2 66.2 4tm'. 24ihosoanod Yua 44 Dconriory oF6953Plant 63.3 56.2 66.5 63.5 68 65 70.8 67.8 908ms'.454 thousand Y-a 5 s 5 HonglingPrimary Schwcl 50.7 / 65.6 I 67.1 / 69.9 /252ra . 12 6 itho.saodYam r" 46 Dornitiory of Hoboi 61.6 54.6 67 64 68.5 65.5 71.3 68 3 4850,n.240tholsasod Yuan iZ Cmmtc Clee Installingvoniiltaton and noise-redue oviodows during ihe process of m 47 Huata,Mansion 60 56.1 65.6 62.6 67.1 64.1 npimnao 69.9 66.9 fii o nrrn i 10stdandar Clan I S6 ~ 9 bnadYa 4 8 AdOstnoiorof Hobo 67.9 59.5 66.3 63.3 67.8 64 8 7t06 67.6 512n2, 256ihousand Y-a o DorointoryWual Hoeavy P4 49 plntayfuantev 63.7 51.1 66,4 63.4 67.9 64.9 Mechanicalpni 70.7 67.7 672m',336 ihousuad Youm no S TianyongMonsions 68.6 53.8 66.1t 63.1 67.6 64.6 70.4 67.4 5 I2m~.756 ibousuod Yuan 51S HubeiAquatiic Product=n 58.9 / 65.3 I 66.8 / 69.6 /205m', I55 thousandYana ResearchInsiitute 32 Donrmitoryof HubeiAquatic 66.5 63.5 68 65 70.8 67.8 140ma, ihoamansYam ProductionBurcau 63.5 56.5 70 53 Gnagy.an Mansion 66.5 63.5 68 65 70.8 67.8 480m', 240itinousd Yuan Ofcebuldincof ovntcta 64.4 55.7 65.6 62.6 67.1 64.1 69.9 66.9 1964ma.982 thousand Yuan 55 Huiyu Garden 57.5 51.5 70.1 67.1 70.2 67.2 70.5 67.5 1344m', 672 thounad Yuan - ~56 Donmitoryof Plutio irt 53.5 45.5 71 5 68.5 71.6 68.6 71 9 68.9 444m',222 ihousuad Yuan 57 QmynyauGarden 54.5 48.5 65.1 62.1 65.2 62.2 65 5 62.5 Installingventilation andi noise-reduoce windiows during the processof utostandadCl- 3SOm',190 ihomaond Yuan StClinrcof WohanSrTcch Univ 53.4 / 68.8 / 68.9 I 69.2 ~ pn a s 14mtoenaioofimradngoernidm 72 iboasandYuan 8 59 NeonTanjin Village 48.1 4!1 67.8 64.8 67.9 64.9 68.2 65.2 IS50tmi.754 thousanid Yuarn 60~ Shsijicaicheng 56 51.5 68.1 65.1 68.2 65.2 68.5 65.5 144m', 72 thousandYuan hi D7ormitoryof665 Woarehanne 59.2 41.5 71.8 68.8 71.1 68.1 71.4 68.4 Iostalling veotilationand noise-reduicewsindarn duinmg tho processof upt isII44nat. lnan 72 thousandYuan ad- 62 Gutianla, PrimarySchool 53.5 47.5 71.6 68.6 70.9 67.9 71.2 68.2 implementationofthis rood-ngneneing ptsidedCss1144mt, 372thousand Yuan ofA.Lnnotil. the iniplemeutuaonoftibis projnci,the mnre-entofemVironmental Ennironmental nmsemraintains the levelof 63 Prma FachuloAtomryle 66.1 I 66.8 / 66.1 / 66.4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Afterraioseat ihes.anaia recptor mill ho le,ssthan 2.5 dBAmi shor tlerm; cuffentsituation basically, but.t still adoptingventilation and noise-reduce meanur in longterm evens stadard Class1. - 64 AiminPrimary School 62.7 / 68.9 / 70.2 / 73.6 / Afterthe implementationof ibis project.the incremenn ofeaviranmenniu E-noirmental noisnevil be,benerithan the nurse,at the snn,tivnreceptor enli he less than2.5 diBA inhaort toe-, levelof cumfentsituation in shuntterm. it 65 Snon anin 61.5 57.5 69.5 66.5 70. 67.8 74.2 71.2 adop1img,entiltaionand nuse-r-edcei meatsure in long term will betp tostiandard Class t in lungterm. 66 JiansheRoad 1 59.3 48.5 75.1 72.1 74.9 71.9 74.2 71.2 768m'. 384thousand Yuan 67 Caijiadan51.2 43 70.8 67.8 70.6 67.6 69.9 66.9 istalling nenirtalanand noiIesrellnnginentiladurin thenprocesseofceowindClassd750mat55 thousandYa o ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~implementationof thisroad engineering pt wa ls 68 YrnyrlnMiddle Scobol 72.5 I 75 / 75.1 / 74.3 / 69 MrnyiHospital 70.5 / 73.1 / 73.2 / 72.4 / 70 Yuan'anMansions Altecthe implementationof ibis project,the miencementof environmental Envreoalmentalnuise maintains the level of Dowsenl3 Community noiseat the sensitive receptormill be les than2.5 dBA inhaort termn; cu~rretnitnairan basically, hot it still 72Wutai Community ~~~70.685 7. 697 2. 98 72 9 adoptingventilation and noise-redace meaisure in longterm iexceeds standardClass L. >0 73 AnslurnGorden 74 TianrenCommunity (continued) Current Environmental Environmental E onealMain engineering Environmental~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~euls n aayssof noise Quniesadnvtmt N. Na mo Nameoffsnstv sensitive environmentalnvioisenvalu valuenoise byforecast 2007t oiserofnoierrf nnisevo overproof Nois Resuvestand analysistmnentimiesuandinvestmen noise aluealue b 2007 voiue by 2012 valu by 2020 sepe nto adtrtm tmauesndtge prevention and treatment estimate of noise Remarks 0 ~ ~~~~~receptor(dBA) (dlBA) (dBA) (dBA) implementation plan measures prevenstionand ______SaytisieOavdwe Siglsowesistine Onvoan Sitbatwe napene sitbeisir a, 240ihoasned Yuan~~~~~treatmen Meizi75 Rd Siioneiiassae Day58.4 5gh15 76.8n 738 Datlyag9.g7 .2 799 6. oeitsin ndsenoedaa inow dDay tt pocssofsigthtnaan Can 48005 tRDt 2t) 76 DistricttWelfarnnCcton 57.5 43.5 78.6 75-6~ at1 78 81.7 78.7 inmpl-menitiannFthis rodncingnaniec uptItn,lCa 144ni, 72 thousandYunn 77 YtthooMansioe A5ter the-.plemerntotianof this peo.jeet,the nertencientoasen-at the scn-rinaseestsensitive nsptars at hsth sides forod svill be neve thee Ea-vnnaretnul -cnoieanintoinsthe levol of D.ethi Rd 7-8 voazhiComnisity 72.5 65.8 69 66 h9.8 66.8 67.7 64.7 ihe contes itiseoiliuhn show tinsadhigher-a eec term, but the c-ronieiaatan, basicaly, butts still (RotI91 inemn-it eln thane 5dA twt dp o fpoiiinncessadr ls 75 Rengsttg Mansion ofteatsite -ean ftna vehictns Zhonoshan Afles sheimplemensaiot ofdshis peojeut, the e-vnoneweoalnoise osshe Eovisnosecotnuictiol ateains the leve of Aveno. 80 H.onkoc R.il-sy Middle 59 / 59 58.9 / 58 6 sensitiveetocoat both stdwsof oodwill he lowot boo.creunototsotiast antsls,a osciy ni tl (RDI.I5) S6bao of noise it w .it.adpt ...s.ef p.hib.tianoftooeii,gnoisefrom n-eds stoadardClots I t orienesSne Garden 63 61.3 H.oahoRd 82 Jihbat loapyo. Tbereare niew deevopepd rea estate projects at bath sides of read,the (ROllS)~~ Lodcint5chmolafNo.6 69.5 66.5 69.7 66.7 67 64 sound-,tnsnlnst, pnopertyofdertd windowsis better, -nisewili1 open.neandrd Class I basically RDIA4) 83 Middl Sobel ofWubt deoreceaboat 20 dBA eftee closing windows t4 ttihnutiogGartedno 85 Cbaeghaugcodrn' 67.4 64.3 66.8 63.8 67.6 64.6 71.8 68.8 CWuih.ngieeenrdtit pev-iapnd LeganqineRd 8R655 RedCross Hospitol af 68otd68t3et9g168 / 6.3-6.1H7. 73d crobining withthe Ynngqttg Street Integeate Rebutilding Prajeet oif c..tinga (RDI 33) inee WuhanCity rbuilding forthis 87 Hubei EducationCollege 63.5 / 62.5 / 63.3 I 67.5 /M 88 Z,Iohoyuo HuanogpuRd 89 Jiohoi wingy.on Thertre nicv develped coa estateluceijewm at both sides of reed,dhen _(RDL5) Century90 Garden 64.5 61.2 69.I 66.1 70.1 67.1 73.1 70.1 eoured-in,ssaioepetpeopeytfdaorandw~ind-wi better, noise wil up so eroodardClass I bascally .(ROI.51 qo CentancOneden64.5 61.2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~decreasebobeu20 dBA oftenclosing usidows. 91 I Urban,F'ied Gtcden 92 YuanaGarden 66.8 64 93 LusagRsict,W704 6at1. 83 7.4 6. 06', 548 tbeasaad ven harishe ~ L...hntg 64ideia.0.47. 7616..7.66. hInstallingventilntoie ned rise-redece windowsdarosthe processof up to sioodardClassI (RDI Id) 94 Cbasgh.sg doeitosy implementationoftthin needengin-en'g Sciene and Techrealagy 58 / 6. / 696 / 97 I t 95 P.]. 8 87 9ne6 52. , 26 tbosnend Yua 96 LujuiluingPnimasy Subast 56.9 I 73.2 / 1 744 5. histollfirg veneilatioeand rtine-dnuc windws dairingthe processof 72' 36 thousad Yeas 97 Nn.2 Staffs Hospitalof 53. 45.5 68.7 65.7 69.9 66.9 70.9 67.9 ri-pemetasiar ofthin reedengineer.ing up to standnrdClass I 2.,6 t.sn . Q3ieghunRd After the -mple-tasnin af`Lhisprnj-to, irtrcremmtofenoien-etal raise (RD 1.4) 98 Cajuova.56.5 Middle Schwl 57.5 57.7 58.7 at the sc-0- r,cept., -11 b. 2.5 dBA Lh. c.-.t Eri,inninEnnirowentolanoiseemaimaiestheeInsetoo (PatSSchool .4) on CaiJitwen57.5 Middle/ 56.5 / 57.7 I 58.7 / sitontiatsituatonitiwilllleddptrtnoenrreoofipenbiiii.ia ftafttngtiegsntisne-finsaestuu,dsastaady,eduClasssI. 99 DarghsoAgedess 2 45 68.7 65.7 69.9 66.9 70.9 67.9 Instaltig ventilant"and ntise-rnd.cee eedaw daringthe prace- of t Masos 512 41.5 untplerernatuonnafsthsuasderi rig-tgI upitesuicaodarClanss5 252., 126thousand Y-a 172 (continued) Current Environmental Environmental Environmental Main engineering o Name of sensitive ~~~environmental noise forecast nie noise overproof Niepvntoadtrtm tmauesndsae Results and analysis of noise Quantities and investnment 5) N.. noise value value by 2007 Valerproof1 value by20 prevention adtreatment estimate of noise Remarks receptor (dBA) (dBA) vaueby202 200implementation planmesrspvnioad -~~~~~~~~~~~~ (d~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~BA) mesuedpeenin)n o treatment C~~~~~ D.~~~~~Oyt,.Nilsent Daytime Niehilino Dvstic Nighitor Otytimie MRinhio Indumial 100 Dazbo.Viilage i.stallaig 30 m weleafforestation MLsat both sides of d E-wo..ent.1 n.i~~~~~Envronmentainoisesmahnains-iheoff AftreusatilnAei elt000.55 62.9 52.8 64.7 61.7 65 62 65.2 62.2 Intlln- mid fmdrsttob..relta raside frn aoh crent sea-is basically,but it stili 240thoasand Yuaan project (PDI 18) lot uf..&V,11.gc I i-,xx~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Clas i. ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~tan.idard-tur mnt LooshinanRd A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~instaiiingventilationand noise-redoec windows darfing the process of t RL.IanaRd 2 Agricultual Cadres' 56.8 / 60.9 / 62.7 I 63.t1 mlnetso f hsra ntern up in 5tandcardClass I 388rm. 194thousand Year ShiplinigRd 103 DiyaOGarden 64.9 62 66.3 63.3 69.5 66.5 71.9 68.9 Afterniheimrple.eurtaiion oftibis pmojeci,ibe-ncemeni f envir-onmental E-erronmenialeotse maintains the, leve of (RD1.25) noiseat the sensitive receptor -iii be lessthan 2.5 dBA in shortteem;~ catrenisituation basically, but it still Jima Rd 104 NanhuGarden 64.8 59.9 67.6 64.6 68.8 65.8 68.8 65.8 adoptingventilation andraise-reduce eoute, Inlag term esceedsstanard.o Class ______I______I______IRD I 26) t JirnshlurRd 15 Minglunjie Primary /3570.3 / 70.3 / 68.5 / Installingvmntilation and noise-reduce ocndomn daring theProcess of sptoandardoClassI 288m. 144thousand Yuan tRIt 231 0 Schoo 6. imtple.mnuatrunofth mbsradengineerigopt HasaiRd 63.5 56.5 69.5 66.5 69.7 66.7 71.1 68.1 tRDI.32) Sixin A-ean 58.5 46.8 64.9 61.9 65.4 62.4 66.0 63.0 (RDI.29) Old hasha Rd 68.5 61.5 66.7 63.7 68.7 65.7 68.0 65.0 (RD t6) I__ Noannuwanviaduct 16 YheRsdnilA.70.6 67.6 70.4 67.4 69.-.. 66.8 Installinglarge folded-plate type sound bartier at beth sides ofmrad 300mlung soun.dharret. RDt 131 1027 MtauyiKindergarten 67.8 59.5 during theprocess of emadengineering op ta standardClass 1 3000thousand Yuan prjwti Figure6.2-9 investrneut I0N FahIroVillage 71.7 68.7 71.5 68.5 70.9 67.9 Gutian Rd 2 viaduct 109 63.5 59.5 72.6 69.6 71.9 68.9 72.4 69.4 (RD] lb) Chang,qingRd Afterthe impjlememttionof thisproject, the envircoamentid raise at the Enviromental noiseis betterthan the level viaduct us gluangitdoman65.9 64.5 674 64.4 66.6 63.6 6.3 63.3 senstarerectsserrthanbcurrentesrceptor or bethtide ofnnof roodswill situateon, at it stillnesceen (Riadc t . gae 59 6.5 6. 44 6.6 6. 63 6. situationof noise;it will adoptmeaure of prhibition of tootingnoise WM Cbt i tlanexced (RDI.1c) I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~vehicles. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fromtnar ls1 Xinhuatria Rd Ill Gusansha's Primary Envimrootent.1noise is betterthan tire level viaduct School 69.5 65.8 67.2 64.2 66.4 63.4 66.! 63.1 ofoarrent situation,hutai still exceeds (ROt Id) 112 Gusaosbu lantairaigventilation and noise-reduce widoso durng theprocess of sandardClans!. 586.', 234thousonid Yuan - I t iplmetaioiontisrodimpimcntation ofthis road enginmringngnerig avromeiaI nis i bttr ha treleol pmjmtprjetmnenten Sanjintanviaduct 113 Houba PrimarySchool 61.8 56.2 66.7 63.7 66.1 63.1 64.4 61.41 of-curent situation,but it still esceeds (RDI.1c) standardClas I. After theinoplemenatottn of this project. theenvirnomental raise atthe Eniomna_os s etrta h ee Guocilkouviaduct Gt4Oocikomi Rdemial 677 6. 49 6. 43 6. 6. 12 sensitivereceeptor at beth sides of roadwil be lowe thancurrent mofurrentisitatonbutitr still texevedl (RD.5 14 7.7 635 4. 619 4 6Are4a 6.2 situationof noise;it will adopt meaureof prohibition'of tooringnoise c.ntsitaindabtrd C tlanexed Area ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~fromvehicles. sadr ls ItS ChangmaMarsiou 62 7. 7. 11 7. 6. 43 7. Afte,rthemimplementation of this project, the envionmental raisear the Eronni osc etrtmtelvl Zhsaankouviaduct 762 75. 7Ezbo..723M9.3 743w7n3 sensitiverecptar at bethsides ofmrad rurlibelIowerthan currnt Enviromenstualionoiei bette hn thellevels (RD2.4) 11 co Mninsituation of noise;it will adaptmeasure ofprohibition oftooting noise ofurrntituatindbtiC Itill sed 17 FangtaiRal EstateCo 72.5 71.5 71.6 68.6 70.7 67.7 73.1 70.1 fomue-hieles. sadr ls Qingling viadutct 73.5 68.5 73.9 70.9 72.4 69.4 71.4 68.4 (RotI.3b) SouthemoLuoshi Rdviaduct 59.5 47.5 70.5 67.5 67.1 64.1 63.5 60.5 (ROt.3d) Liahi viaduct lur~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Itatlingventilation andnoise-reduce sindc,svs datig theprociess of Evnnetlniei etrtmLeI'1 3G" 0t Lizhi -dua I.iqiao PrimarySebani 48.5 / 63.9 / 62.4 / 61.4 /Evrofemnta snoise isbette sthan te levelYu (IRot.3c) implementationof thisrand engineering of suretanidardeioba s1tlleceds p5mjecl20 thosad ua After the implementationofthis project,the environmenal noise at the nrniestalndard Clas petajeethinnvhsunene Xranggaugviduct 73.5 70.5 73.0 70.0 72.8 69.8 70.5 67.5 ti ercpo tbt ie fra iielwrtacret of currentsnauatto, hutai still esceeds (RD2.7) siantion of noise;it will adoptmemure ofprohibition of tootingnoise tnadCas1 fromvehicles ,d-dCsL Xunlimen v,adacr 72.5 69.5 72.0 69.0 71.8 68.8 69.5 66.5 CRD2.6) Yujia,vanviaduct 65.5 57.5 73.9 70.9 72.4 69.4 71.4 68.4 Qiekou Rd siaduc 72.5 71.5 76.6 73.6 75.3 72.3 75.3 72.3 (RD2.3) Ramipsof ChagjianglIlitbhvay 67.5 59.5 71.4 68.4 71.3 68.3 70.9 67.9 Bridge (RD2.1)______ 173 It should be indicated that the vast majority of households in urban Wuhan have already installed air conditioners to fight off the extreme heat in Wuhan's summers. With the ventilation design of the double glazed windows, these households therefore should have no problems to keep their windows closed for noise mitigation. With the specifically designed double glazed noise isolation windows, the noise levels are expected to reduce by about 25-28 dB(A). Those sensitive receptors for which such windows will be installed, the indoor noise levels will be reduced to below the applicable standards and the residual impacts will be insignificant and acceptable. Estimated of Mitigation Cost According to the mitigation plan, the project will have following noise mitigation measures and estimatd costs: AC A total of 25,348 m2 ventilation and double glazed windows with a total estimated cost of 12,184,400 Yuan. A A total of 300 linear meters sound barriers with a total estimated cost of 3,000,000 Yuan; and X A total of 12,000 m2 landscaping with a total estimated cost of 240,000 Yuan. In total, the estimated costs for noise mitigation for this project are estimated to be 15,424,400 Yuan. After taking the noise management and specific mitigation measures, the noise at the sensitive receptors along the project roads will basically be up to the corresponding environmental standards, as well as better than the baseline levels at the present time. So the project will not generate significant noise impacts should the proposed mitigation measures will be taken properly. 6.2.8 Summary of Noise Environmental Impact Assessment Based on the modeling results of environmental noise, the main noise impacts may be summarized as follows: Xg After the implementation of this project, compared to the baseline environmental noise, the noise at both sides of some project roads, interchanges and viaducts will be improved or maintained at basically the same the level, due to the improved road conditions, transportation capacity, improved intersection arrangements and the resulting much smoother traffic. The improvement is expected to occur in about nine road sections and five multi-layer interchanges. AX After the implementation of this project, compared to the baseline environmental noise before the project, the noise at both sides of other project roads and intersections will increase, some significantly. This increase is due mainly to the substantially increased traffic volumes on project roads. The noise increases will occur in 17 road sections and two interchanges. 174 * Noise impacts to schools, hospitals and seniors houses in the project impacted areas are expected to be significant. is as follows. At virtually all these key sensitive receptors, the predicted noise levels after the project completion will higher to significantly higher than the applicable standards set at 55 dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A) at night. * For the road maintenance component in which the existing roads will be re-paved, noise levels are mostly expected to reduced in 2007, although in some sections, noise may still be increased slightly. * As mitigation, this project will install a total of 24,176 m2 ventilation and double-glazed windows, 300 linear meters of sound barriers and 12000 m2 noise-reduction landscaping, with a total cost of 15.19 million Yuan. Following the noise mitigation measures, the noise at the sensitive receptors will basically be up to applicable standard and/or better than the baseline levels for environmental noise. 6.3 Vibration Impact and Mitigation Measures 6.3.1 Methodology Vibration in the construction phase of this project is mainly caused by pavement vibration induced by vehicles running. During the operation phase, the traffic will also a certain levels of vibration particularly in multi-layer interchanges and elevated viaducts. This vibration assessment uses a model issued by the Construction Department of Japan to predict vibration levels from the project. Traffic Vibration Model The traffic vibration model is as follows VLzlot = alg(lgQ*) + b + 20 + az + oLf+ al (Formula 6.3- 1) where, VLziot is accumulated 10% Z vibration level of traffic vibration, (in dB), alg(lgQ*) + b + 20 is forecasted basic value, (in dB); Q* is the equivalent traffic volume, (in vehicle/500s/lane); xZ is the pavement plane correction, (in dB); CQf is the pavement vibration dominant frequency correction, (in dB), Oa, is the distance attenuation correction, (in dB). Environmental Vibration Model VLz]Ot = lOlg[100>ZZ;' +100VZ° J| (Formula 6.3- 2) where, VLziot is the environmental vibration value at the forecasting point, (in dB), VLZIOb is the background vibration value at the forecasting point under the condition without traffic vibration disturbance of this project, (in dB). 175 Key Model Parameters * Equivalent Traffic Volume Q* is the traffic volume per lane per 500 s, it can be calculated by the following formula. Q*=500 x-(Q +2Q2) (Formula 6.3-3) 3600 M where, Q, is the flow volume of small vehicle, (in vehicle/hour), Q2 is the flow volume of large vehicle, (in vehicle/hour), M is the number of lanes including up lane and down lane * Parameters a and b, referring the relevant engineering design data at home and abroad, parameters a and b are adopted as: a = 58.3, b = 29 7. * Pavement Plane Correction Pavement plane correctiona, can be calculated by the following formula a, = 4x(z-2.2) (Formula 6.3-4) where, z is the pavement plane, (in mm). * Pavement Vibration Dominant Frequency Correction, af can be calculated by the following formula. af = -201g(f/8)+5.5 (8 a, = (-3.31g1+1.8)0 (Formula 6.3-6) where, 1 is the distance between the forecasting point and the effective vibration source, (in m); fi is the distance multiplication attenuation value, (in dB). 6.3.2 Technical Conditions for the Model Modeling Year The forecast years of vibration assessment of this project is the year of 2007 (the year this project is scheduled to complete and operational), 2012 and 2020, respectively, to reflect short, medium and long term impacts 176 Traffic Volume In the modeling years, projected traffic volumes on the road infrastructure component roads and road maintenance component roads are shown in Table 2.3-2. Motor Vehicle Speeds X Expressways: 60-80 km/h; A Main trunk roads: 50-60 km/h; A Secondary trunk road: 30-40 km/h; AR Minor roads: 20-30 km/h; AR Ramp: 30-50 km/h. 6.3.3 Modeling Results and Assessment New Roads The forecast results of traffic vibration at the red lines of 28 main new roads of this project at different forecast years are shown in Table 6.3-1. 177 Table 6.3-1 Vibration Forecast Results at Red Line of New Extended Road Standard Vibration forecast value limited value Analogue results Foreeast VLZU1 (dB) No. Name of road and project year (dB) year rush datime Nighttim rush dl time nighthme daytime nighttime rush hour e hour North section of middle 2007 71 3 67 0 73 2 \or oxiRriioor Nor O%LRi'ROOrNot ovrproof RDI I ring line-west part 2012 72 0 67 8 73 8 75 72 \OT oirErRfor NOTONERPROOF Not overproof (Etouwvan-Sanjintan) 2020 71 8 67 6 73 7 \OT lONRPROOI NOTONERPROOF Not overproof North section of middle 2007 66 8 61 6 69 0 \OT oiLRPRooI \OT OiERPROOFNot overproof RDI 2 ring line-east part 2012 69 8 65 2 71 8 75 72 \OT OVERPROOFNOT ONERPROOF Not overproof (Sanjintan-Hanshi Highway) 2020 70 3 65 8 72 2 Nor ox; PROoF NOToirRPROOF Not overproof SOLTtISECTIO\ OF UlDDI-. Rl\G 2007 / / / / / / I.l\C (WLXIAN1ltiwGvAY-SoLTH 2012 64 4 58 6 66 8 75 72 NOTO IRi'rEoOFNOT OlEoItRoor Not overproof LI.osHI RD) 2020 67 8 62 8 69 9 NOTOLRI'ROOI' NOTONIRPRoor Not overproof RDt 3 SOUTIISECTION OF toDDtr Rl\G 2007 55 0 46 3 58 4 NOToitLRovROOv NOT ONERPRoor Not overproof LIM: (SOUTiiLUositi 2012 59 6 52 5 62 5 75 72 NOrOl.ERPItOF NOTOVVRPROOlV Not overproof RD-WUIIUANOGlItGHWAY) 2020 63 3 57 3 65 8 NOTONFRPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 68 4 63 7 70 4 NOTOIFRPROOW NOT OEERPRoor- Not overproof Qinghua Rd (Donghu RDI 4 2012 70 0 65 6 71 9 75 72 NOTOIIVRPROOF NOT ONERPROOF Not overproof Port-Highway 21) 2020 71 3 67 1 73 1 NOTOil RPROOF NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 65 8 60 9 67 8 NoTOlFRPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Noloverproof Huangpu Rd (Fazhan RDI 5 2012 67 3 62 7 69 2 75 72 NoTOVFRPROF NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof Avenue-Middle Ring Rd) 2020 71 0 67 2 72 7 NOTOtFRPROOF NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof Old Hansha Highway 2007 55 4 47 0 58 7 NoTO'tRPROOF NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof RDI 6 (Biandanshan-Middle Ring 2012 59 9 53 0 62 8 75 72 NOToxrRPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Rd) 2020 584 51 0 61 4 \0NotIiiI'OOF NOT RTINFRPROOFNot overproof 2007 58 4 51 3 61 2 NOTOI RPROOF NOToVxRPRoor' Not overproof Xunsihe Rd (Wuxian 2012 61 5 55 4 64 1 75 72 NOTo%FRPROOr NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof Highway-South Nanhu Rd) 2020 57 3 49 9 60 3 NOTOii RPROOF NOTOVERPROOI Not overproof 2007 66 2 61 6 68 2 No1ox I 'RO0r NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof Xianggang Rd (Jianshe RDI 8 2012 66 0 61 3 67 9 75 72 No1o I RoPROOFNOT oEvRoooor Not overproof Avenue-Xinhua Rd) _ 2020 62 3 56 8 64 6 Noooxi RmRoor NOTOiFRPROOI Not overproof Dazhli Rd (Jiefang 2007 62 2 56 3 64 7 NOiol IOl'ROOI' NOTOVORPROOF Not overproof RDI 9 Avenue-Zhongshan 2012 63 7 58 1 660 75 72 NOTOIIRPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Notoverproof Avenue) 2020 59 8 53 2 62 5 NoTOVI RPROOF NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 65 4 60 9 673 NOTOuI RRWOOF NOT O%ERPROOF Not overproof Jianshe Avenue RDI 10 2012 66 6 62 3 68 5 75 72 Nor oil RROOI NOTOVERPROOF Not overproof (KeJiguan-Huangpu Rd)_ 2020 66 7 62 4 68 5 NOT XiiIO'ROOF NOTONERPROOl' Not overproof 2007 61 0 55 1 63 4 NOToi FIl'ROOF Not O%ERPROOFNot overproof Jianshe Avenue RDI 11 2012 64 2 59 1 66 3 75 72 NOIolI KPROOF NOTONERPROOF Notoverproof (Kcjiguan-Houhu Rd) 2020 65 6 60 9 67 6 NOT111 KPROOF NOTOVFRPRoor Not overproof 2007 67 6 63 1 69 5 Not IIN I lIlROOt NOTON FRPROOI Not overproof Youyi Rd (Zhongshan RDI 12 2012 67 8 63 3 69 7 75 72 Noito iwR'oor NOTOERPROOI Not overproof Avenue-Jiefang AVenUe) 2020 66 7 62 0 68 7 NOti, l'ROOT NOTOtRPROOIO NoI overproof 2007 61 8 56 1 64 2 Nor i 1,IROOF NOTOILRI'ROOI NoI overproof HoUhu Rd (Huangpu RDI 14 2012 62 2 56 6 64 5 75 72 \No() l KOOF NOTOjERPROOI NoI overproof Rd-JIClang AVenUe) 2020 57 2 50 2 60 0 'Nol II Kl'ROOt Nor 01ERPR(OI Not overproof 178 (continued) Vibration forecast value Standard limited Name of road and Forecast VLz:o (dB) value (dB) Analogue results No.-- ______proJect year rush dndrir nmghttime dlioie nighttime daytime ONtiGTttiME rush hour hour Zhongshan Avenue 2007 64 3 59 3 66 4 NOTOXERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof RDI 15 (Lugouqiao Rd-Huangpu 2012 64 1 59 1 66 3 75 72 \oT OVERPROOFNOT OlERPROOr Notoverproof Rd) 2020 63 6 58 5 65 8 _or O\ERiROOFNOT OIERI'ROOF Notoverproof 2007 67 3 62 6 69 4 \OT OIERPROOFNOT OVERPROOF Nol overproof Hanxi Rd 2 (Changfeng_. RDI 16 2012 66 3 61 3 68 4 75 72 NOTO\ERPROOI NOT OVERPROOr Not overproof Avenue-Jianshe Avenue)- ______2020 66 7 61 8 68 8 NOTOIERPROOF NOT OVERPROOr Notoverproof Yanhe Avenue (No 2 2020 68 0 63 2 70 0 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof RDI 17 Jianghan Bridge-Gutian 2012 67 7 62 8 69 7 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Main Rd) 2020 66 6 61 5 68 8 NOTOIFRPROOF NOT OlERPROOI Not overproof Industrial Avenue (Third 2007 59 6 53 1 62 3 NOTO\ERPROOF NOT O\ERPROOF Not overproof RDI 18 Wuqing Trunk 2012 60 1 53 7 62 8 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Rd-Qinghua Rd) 2020 60 6 54 3 63 1 NOTOIERPROOF NOT O\ERPROOF Not overproof Southern Luoshi Rd 2007 59 3 53 3 61 7 NOTO\ERPROOF NOT O\ERPROOF Not overproof RDI 19 (Jisan Rd-Middle Ring 2012 62 2 57 0 64 4 75 72 NOTO\ERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Line) 2020 66 4 61 1 68 6 NOTOIERPROOF NOT O%ERPROOF Not overproof North Zhongshan Rd 2007 65 4 60 9 67 4 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof RDI 20 (Fourth Wuqing Trunk 2012 65 3 60 8 67 3 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Rd-Shahu Avenue) 2020 66 3 62 0 68 2 NoTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOr Not overproof 2007 60 2 54 1. 62 6 NoTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof North Zhongshan Rd__ RDI 21 2012 62 7 57 3 64 9 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof (Shahu Avenue-Donghu) . . 2020 66 8 62 3 68 7 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPRooF Not overproof 2007 62 9 57 2 65 3 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Qinyuan Rd (Heping RDI 22 2012 63 1 57 4 65 5 75 72 N O\ERI'ROOI-NOT O\ERPROOF Notoverproof Avenue-Zhongbei Rd)_ 2020 63 6 58 1 66 0 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOI Not overproof 2007 62 9 57 5 65 1 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOr Not overproof 1;nshui Rd (Zhongshan_ RDI 23 2012 62 9 57 5 65 1 75 72 NOTO\ERPROOI NOT O\ERPROOF Not overproof Rd-South Shouyi Rd) 2020 59 8 53 7 62 3 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOr Not overproof 2007 42 1 <40 47 2 NoTOVERPROOr Nol OVERPROOINot overproof RDI 25 Shipailing nRdi 2012 523 430 55 8 75 72 NOTOERPROOF NOT OERPROOr Not overproof Street-Jisan Rd)_ 2020 57 7 50 5 60 6 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOI Not overproof 2007 55 4 47 9 58 3 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Jisan Rd (Wuxian_ RDI 26 2012 56 4 49 2 59 2 75 72 NoTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Highway-Xunsihe Rd) 2020 61 3 55 5 63 6 Nor OVERPROOFNOT OlERPROOi Not overproof 2007 56 6 49 0 59 6 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Jisan Rd (Xunsihe_ RDI 27 2012 59 0 52 2 61 8 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOI Not overproof Rd-Shipailing Rd)_ 2020 59 1 52 3 61 8 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROoF Not overproof Meizi Rd 2007 68 2 63 5 70 2 NoTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPRoo Not overproof RDI 28 2012 69 8 65 4 71 7 75 72 NoTOVERPROOF NOT O0ERPROUI Not overproof (Qintai-Zhuankou) 2020 68 4 64 2 70 2 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROW O Not overproof Maying Rd (Middle 2007 55 7 47 5 58 9 NOTO\ERI'ROOF Nor OVERPRO0Not overproof RDI 29 Jiangdi Rd-Yingwu 2012 58 6 51 4 61 4 75 72 NOTOIERI'ROOF NOT O%ERPROtI Notoverproof Avenue) 2020 64 8 59 4 67 I Noi O\ RPROOFNOT O\EROROI I Not overproof 179 (continued) Vibration forecast value Standard limited Name of road and Forecast VLzio (dB) value (dB) Analogue results No. project year rush daytime nighttime dhrttie nighttime daytime \IGHTTIME rush hour hour 2007 60 2 51 7 63 5 \OT OXRPROOr \OT OStl'ROOF Not overproof RDI 3 Sixin Avenue (Shisheng_ 2012 61 5 53 4 64 6 75 72 \OT O\FRPROOI\OT O\l'RPROOI'Not overproof 0 Rd-Yingwu Avenue) 2020 62 8 55 3 65 9 \01 O%ltI'mOOt\OT O\tRPROOFNot overproof 2007 59 9 52 7 62 8 \OT OLRPOROOF\OT O\FR'ROOI Not overproof RDI 3 Taibet Rd I (Taibet 2012 65 4 59 7 67 7 75 72 \or o\%FR'ROOF \OT OVERPROOF'Not overproof I Rd-Sanyang Rd) 2020 67 4 62 2 69 5 \OT 0' FRPROOF\OT O\ERPROOPNot overproof Hanxi Rd-west (south) 2007 62 4 56 9 64 7 \OT O\tRPROOF NOTO\ERPROOF Not overproof side (Jiefang 2012 62 7 57 3 65 0 75 72 \OT O\ ERPROOF \Or O\RP'ROOFNot overproof RDI 3 Avenue-Yanhe Avenue) 2020 64 9 59 9 67 0 \or 0\ FO'OOrF \OT OXERPROOPNot overproof 2 Hanxi Rd-east (north) side 2007 57 8 52 3 60 i \o1 o\CRPROOI'\OT OIFRPROOFNot overproof (Jiefang Avenue-Yanhe 2012 58 1 52 6 60 3 75 72 -NOTs\ ERPROOI NOTO\ ERI'ROOF Not overproof Avenue) 2020 60 2 55 3 62 3 N\OTO0\ RP'OOI \or omuRooF iNotoverproof 2007 63 7 58 2 66 0 \ O\tRPROOIN OTOIEOPROONOOF Not overproof RDI 3 Lugouqiao Rd (iteCang 2012 65 0 59 8 67 1 75 72 \or O\ERPROO'rNoT OiERPROOF Not overproof 3 Avenue-Yanjiang Avenue) 2020 70 9 66 9 72 6 \OT OtERPROOF\OT OFRII'ROOFNot overproof The forecast results in Table 6.3-1 show that, after the completion of this road infrastructure construction project, the daytime traffic vibration forecast values at the red lines of the main roads will be between 42.1 dB-72.0 dB, the nighttime traffic, between 40 dB-67.8 dB. The vibration will be higher during rush hour, at the 47.2-73.8 dB range. The modeling results show that the traffic vibrations can meet the applicable standards (75 dB for day time and 72 for the night) as specified in GB 10070-88 "Standard of Environmental Vibration of Urban Area". Since the vibration standard for the mixed commercial, residential and industrial area is the same as the trunk road standard, it can be concluded that that vibration outside the red lines can also meet the applicable standard. This indicates that in general, vibration caused by increased traffic will not have significant impacts to the area surrounding the project roads. The forecast results in the table also show that, the scale of traffic vibration mainly related to such factors as traffic volume, number of motor vehicle lanes, motor vehicle running speed and proportion of each type of vehicles. Generally speaking, road sections with narrow lanes and large traffic volumes have high vibration impact. As the upgrading component widens the existing roads and improve the road conditions, vibration levels in areas surrounding upgrading roads are expected to alleviate. However, for the new roads where there is very low baseline vibration, the incremental increase of traffic vibration and thus the impact, will be apparent. Traffic Vibration at Interchanges and Viaducts The forecast results of traffic vibration at the main new interchanges and viaducts of this project at different forecast years are presented in Table 6.3-2. 180 Table 6.3-2 Forecast Results of Traffic Vibration at the Main Interchanges and Viaducts Vibration forecast value Standard limited Name of road and Forecast VLzio (dB) value (dB) Analogue results No. project year rush datime Nighttime rush dr\time nighttime daytime \IGHTTlIME rush hour hour 2007 66 3 6617 68 3 NOTOIERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Gutian Rd 2 Viaduct_ RDI lb 2012 66 8 62 3 68 7 75 72 NOTO\ERPROOF NOT O\ERPROOF Notoverproof (southwsest)_ 2020 67 0 62 6 69 0 NOTOITRPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 68 1 63 1 70 3 \OT OVLRPROOrNOT OITRPROOF Not overproof RDI IC (southwestR 2012 69 7 65 0 71 6 75 72 NOTO\ERPROOI NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Viaduct (southwest) 2020 69 4 64 8 71 4 NOT O\ERPROOFNOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 67 4 62 4 69 6 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Xinhuaxia Rd Viaduct__ RDI Id 2012 692 646 71 2 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Notoverproof (southwest)__ 2020 68 0 63 3 70 1 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 70 9 65 7 73 1 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Sanjintan Viaduct RDI le 2012 75 4 71 0 77 3 75 72 OVERPROOF0 4 NOTOVERPROOr OVERPROOF 2 3 (northeast) 2020 74 3 69 9 76 3 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF OVFRPROOF I 3 2007 72 8 67 5 75 0 NOTOVERPROOf NOT OVERPROOF NoT OTERPROOF RDI 3b Qingling Viaduct 2012 749 700 769 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF OVERPROOF i 9 (northwest) 2020 75 3 70 5 77 3 OVERPROOF0 3 NOTOVERPROOF OVERPROOF 2 3 2007 618 54 4 64 8 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Wuzhi Highiway RDI 3c 2012 711 65 0 72 1 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF Nor ovERPROOFNot overproof Viaduct (northeast) 2020 65 8 59 7 68 3 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 58 5 50 8 61 5 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof South Luosha Rd RDI 3e 2012 620 55 5 646 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Notoverproof Viaduct (northwest)__ 2020 64 0 58 1 66 5 NOTO OVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof Ramps up and down 2007 73 1 69 2 74 6 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof RD2 I No 2 Changjiang 2012 72 4 68 6 74 1 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof Bridge (southwest) 2020 71 5 67 5 73 3 NOTO%ERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 65 3 60 9 67 2 NOT O NERPROOFNOToVEPROOF Not overproof RD2 3 QiaouRVadt 2012 66 5 62 3 68 3 75 72 NoTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Notoverproof (northeast)_ 2020 67 8 63 8 69 5 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Zhalankou Viaduct 2007 66 9 62 6 68 8 Nor OVERPROOFNOT OVERPROOF Not overproof RD2 4 (north side of 2012 66 9 62 5 68 8 75 72 NoTOVERPROOr NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof passageway) 2020 68 5 64 6 70 3 NOTOVERPROOF Noi OVRPROROINot overproof 2007 70 5 66 4 72 2 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof Guocrkou Viaduct_ RD2 5 2012 61 5 55 5 64 0 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof (northwest) 2020 59 2 52 5 61 9 NoTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 68 8 64 2 70 8 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof Nanmiwan Viaduct_ RDI 13 2012 66 0 60 8 68 2 75 72 NOrOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof (both sides)__ 2020 67 8 62 9 69 8 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 68 0 63 5 69 9 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof RD2 6 Via noganweRd 2012 69 1 64 8 70 9 75 72 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Viaduct (northwest) 2020 65 0 60 0 67 i NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof 2007 70 9 66 8 72 6 NOTOVERPROOI NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof Xunhimen Viaduct _. RD2 7 2012 71 2 67 2 72 9 NOTOVERPROOF NoT OVERPROOF Not overproof .,(northwest) .__ (nor. e t)2020 68 9 64 4 70 8 NOTOVERPROOF NOT OVERPROOF Not overproof -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- The forecast results in Table 6.3-2 show that, after the completion of this road infrastructure project, the daytime traffic vibration forecast values at the main viaducts/interchanges will be between 58.5 dB-75.4 dB, the nighttime, between 50.8 dB-71.0 dB. At rush hour, vibration 181 will inrease to the range of 61.5-77.3 dB. Clearly, traffic vibrations partially exceed the applicable standards. For the traffic vibration in rush hour, vibration at the Sanjintan and Qingling interchanges will exceeds 1.9-2.3 dB and 1.3-2.3 dB by the year of 2012 and 2020 respectively. The baseline investigation shows that there are mostly open rural areas around the Sanjintan and Qingling interchanges where vibration is expected to exceed the standards by the year 2012 and 2020. There is no sensitive receptor such as residences and schools around these areas. If the future plan and development can consider the potential increase in vibration and not to approve any development sensitive to vibration within the impacted areas, the vibration will not have impacts specific facilities. Maintenance Roads Vibration Forecast vibration, as well as measured baseline vibration for the eight main roads under the road maintenance component, are presented in Table 6.3-3. Table 6.3-3 Measured and Forecasted Vibration at Red Lines of the Maintenance Roads Forecast value: Forecasted Current value VLz,o Forecast valueVLzalue Standard value overprooevalue Forecast(dB) (dB) ~~~current value (dB) oepofau No. Name of road Foreasl (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB)_(dB) year Nighttim daytime e Daytime Nighttime dh)tiine nighttime di) |fmenighttime dnt)me nighttime RMI1- iefang 2007 65 0 60 5 -1S -5 0/ / RMI I3 Jiefang 2012 66 5 65 5 65 3 610 -12 -45 75 72 / i 2020 65 3 610 -12 -4 5 _ 2007 69 2 65 4 -6 1 -01 / / RMI 4 Wusheng 2012 75 3 65 5 69 5 65 8 -5 8 0 3 75 72 , 2020 69 6 65 8 -5 7 03 / / Suh 2007 69 1 64 0 9 6 6 0 / RMI 6 South 2012 59 5 58 0 73 1 6868 13 6 10 8 75 72 i t liefang Rd 2020 74 6 70 6 15 1 12 6 / 71 9- 67 1'- 17 1/2 2007 9 9/4 3 2 3 1 3 RMI 7 Wangqing 20i2 620-- 500- 67 9- 62 2- 5 9/09 12 2/-2 75 72 / i Highway 73 0 71 3 73 9 69 3 0 2020 594-- 510-- -26/-5 1 0 / / ______~~~~1 ~~~6760 8 9 5 ______2007 66 2 61 8 -2 1 -17 / / RMI 8 Hanyang 2012 68 3 62 5 66 4 62 1 -1 9 -0 4 75 72 Avenue 2020 65 7 612 -2 6 -13 / / 2007 63 8 59 0 -5 5 -83 / / RMI 9 Heping 2012 69 3 67 3 64 0 59 3 -5 3 -2 0 75 72 Avenue _ j Avenue 2020 63 9 59 1 -5 4 -822 2007 70 8 66 2 5 3 27 / / RVMI 10 Zhongshan 2012 65 5 63 5 70 9 66 4 54 2 9 75 72 2020 712 66 7 5 7 3 2 2007 64 4 59 0 0 9 30 / / RM II1 Rd 2012 63 5 56 0 64 1 58 6 0 6 2 6 75 72 / Rd______2020__ 63 8 58 3 0 3 233/ Table 6.3-3 shows that, except that daytime and nighttime traffic vibration at the double-lane section of Wangqing Highway which will exceed the standard value by 2.3 dB and 1.3 dB respectively, all other roads will meet the applicable standards. The differences between forecasted and existing vibration show that, traffic vibration of Southern Jiefang Road, 182 Zhongshan Avenue, Gutian Main Road and Wangqing Highway will increase with the increasing traffic volume from the short term. Traffic vibration at Wangqing Highway, Jiefang Avenue, Wusheng Road, Hanyang Avenue and Heping Avenue will be reduced from the improved road surface and road conditions. Vibration at Main Sensitive Receptors Based on the relative locations between main sensitive receptors and the project roads, and based on the technical conditions of vibration model, environmental vibrations at the main sensitive receptors are forecasted. The results are presented in Table 6.3-4. 183 Table 6.3-4 Vibration Forecast Results at Main Sensitive Receptrs Distance lleiglit Forecast value VLZ , (dB) Current value Forecast value: Standard value Overproofvalue No. ~~~Name~~N'ame of or Naor to rcd differenceto forecast sec.ion sensitive correspnodinforecasting line of rectotiond seetio___n ______receptor g romd Pointoin roadrod em)n yer daytimjle Negttme Rushhour daytime nighttime daytime nighttime daytime nigilttime daytime nighttme hourRs Dormitory of Taibei 2007 59 9 52 7 62 8 1 6 -5 1 VI Third Municipal Road I VI 0 0 2012 65 4 59 7 67 7 58 3 57 8 7 1 1 9 75 72 / / / Co 2020 67 4 62 2 69 5 9 1 44 / / / Junior Middle 2007 58 8 / 61 5 10 3 / / / V2 SchoolofNo6 Taibei V2 3 0 2012 61 0 / 63 5 48 5 12 5 / 5 7/ / Wuhan Middle Road I School 1 2020 65 9 / 68 0 1744 2007 58 5 53 8 60 8 6 5 25 / I I New Mofan Taibei V3 V3 5 5 0 2012 63 2 58 2 65 4 52 0 51 3 11 2 6 9 75 72 / / / 2020 650 602 67 1 130 899 / I 2007 653 609 67 1 -20 -66 / I V4-I 6 0 2012 65 1 60 6 66 8 67 3 67 5 -2 2 -699 / I V4 No I IWuhan Xranggang _ 2020 62 2 57 4 64 0 -5 1 -10 1 75 72 Hospital Rd 2007 59 1 55 2 60 9 -1 4 -66 / / / V4-2 6 20 2012 589 549 606 605 61 8 -16 -69 / / / ______2020 560 51 7 57 8 -4 5 -101 I / / 2007 65 9 61 3 67 9 0 9 -322 / / V5 Dormitory ofWuhan Xlanggang V5 i 0 2012 65 6 61 0 67 6 65 0 64 5 0 6 -3 5 75 72 Matenals Bureau Rd 2020 62 0 56 5 64 3 -3 0 -80 I / / 2007 67 6 63 1 69 5 3 6 -099 / / Yousan V6 Community Youyi Rd V6 0 0 2012 67 8 63 3 69 7 64 0 64 0 3 8 -0 7 75 72 / / / . 2020 66 7 62 0 68 7 2 7 -2 0 / / / 2007 66 6 62 1 68 5 6 1 13 I /3 V7 Community Youyi Rd V7 3 0 5 2012 66 8 62 3 68 7 60 5 60 8 6 3 1 5 75 72 / / / Community 2020 65 7 61 0 67 7 5 2 022/ / / 2007 66 7 62 7 68 5 6 7 57 / / / V8 No 2 Jianshe Yanhe V8 4 0 2012 66 4 62 5 68 3 60 0 57 0 6 4 5 5 75 72 / / / Street I Avenue 2020 65 5 61 6 67 4 5 5 46 / / / 2007 65 6 61 3 67 4 12 8 98 / / / V9 Area Avenue V9 0 0 2012 66 8 62 7 68 6 52 8 51 5 14 0 11 2 75 72 / / / 2020 66 9 62 8 68 6 14 1 113 / / 184 Table 6.3-4 Vibration Forecast Results at Main Sensitive Rece ptors DNstanc Height Forecast value VLz10 (dB) Current value Forecast value: Standard value Overproof value No. Name differnce to Forecast - - VLzio o No f sensitive corrs,oondin forecolingli ne of fern t Foecs (dB) current value (dB) (dB) section . pavement year nighssim Rush nightfim nighttim nighttim Rush receptor g road point road (m) daytime e hour daytime e daytime e daytime e daytime NIGHTTIME hour I(m) Social Warfare 2007 64 4 59 2 66 6 14 1 99 / / / V 10 Center of Meez Rd Vi0 2 0 2012 68 0 63 4 69 9 50 3 49 3 17 7 14 1 75 72 / Hanyang 2020 66 5 62 1 68 3 16 2 12 8 ______~DistrictI VlSl MaanxiongsMaRying Vl l 2 0 2007 58 1 556 59 9 2 8 066/ / svlXfl Myig VII 2 0 2012 59 7 56 3 61 7 55 3 55 0 4 4 1 3 75 72/// Mansions Rd 2020 645 60 1 665 92 S _ / / / Dormitory of Qmyuan 2007 66 1 59 6 67 2 2 3 28 / / I V12 First Plastic Rd V12 2 0 2012 66 1 59 7 67 3 63 8 56 8 2 3 2 9 75 72 I / I Plant 2020 66 4 60 1 67 5 2 6 33 / / / Dormitory of Northem 2007 61 7 56 8 63 6 5 2 35 / / / V13 HubeiT ica Zhongshan V13 0 0 2012 63 6 58 8 5 56 5 53 3 7 1 5 5 75 72 / / Supervision Rd 2020 67 2 62 8 69 0 10 7 95 / / / Bureau No 2 Staff's Qmnghua 2007 60 9 62 7 107 / V14 CNo 2 S id V14 55 0 2012 62 4 / 64 2 50 2 / 12 2 75 72 / / Clinic ofWS Rd ._____ 2020 63 6 / 65 3 134 / / 2007 56 9 52 7 59 0 4 2 144 / / V15 Nanhu Garden Jisan Rd V15 5 0 2012 52 7 53 9 60 8 52 7 51 3 0 2 6 75 72 ______2020 58 6 54 0 60 8 5 9 27 / / / 2007 66 9 62 7 68 7 9 1 72 / / / V16 Kmdergarten Nannwan V16 3 0 2012 66 7 62 4 68 5 57 8 55 5 8 9 6 9 75 72 2020 66 0 61 7 67 8 8 2 622 / / No 2 Fazhan Nannltwan 2007 69 3 65 4 71 1 10 3 61 I / I V17 V17 0 -3 2012 69 0 65 2 70 8 590 59 3 100 5 9 75 72 I / / Village Viaduct 22 2020______68_ 3_ _ _ _ 64__ 5 70 2 9 3 52 / / / 185 Table 6.3-4 Vibration Forecast Results at Main Sensitive R ecptors Distanc Current value Forecast value: Standard value NNameof f Nsmeof No.of e to red Height ForecastWueVLzj0 (dB) VLz,o (dB) current value (dB) (dB) Overproofvalue No. of o.o sensitive corroipondloforecastiog line of ditferencefencto to FrasForecast I(d) cretvu(B)d)____ sectionm seceptor rod fotint od pa ement year nighttim Rush nighttim mighttim nightim Rush receptor g road point road (Cm) daytime daytime daytime daytime daytime NIGHTTIME (im) e bour e e e hour 2007 591 539 609 63 599 / / V18-1 25 8 2012 59 2 54 0 610 52 8 48 0 6 4 6 0 75 72 / / / Wuchang Jinshui 2020 57 0 51 5 58 7 4 2 35 / / / V18 Uprising Gate Road 2007 57 9 53 7 59 9 9 4 49 / V18-2 30 8 2012 579 537 600 485 488 94 49 75 72 / / / 2020 55 4 51 5 57 4 6 9 2 7 / / 2007 637 582 660 -31 -61 V19-1 0 0 2012 65 0 59 8 67 1 66 8 64 3 -I 8 -4 5 75 72 Old Siteof New Lugouqiao 2020 70 9 66 9 72 6 4 1 266/ / V19 Fourth Army in Hankou Rd 2007 66 7 61 2 690 1 9 17 / / / V19-2 0 0 2012 680 628 70 1 648 595 32 33 75 72 / / / 2020 739 699 756 9 1 104 / / 06 186 Table 6.3-4 shows that vibration at 19 main sensitive receptors along the project roads will be 57.9-69.3 dB, 51.1-65.4 dB and 59.0-71.1 dB, for day time, night and rush hours, respectively in 2007. Corresponding vibration levels for 2012 will be 52.7-69.0 dB, 53.7-65.2 dB and 60.6-70.8 dB, respectively and for 2020 55.4-73.9 dB, 51.5-69.9 dB and 57.4-75.6 dB, respectively. The modeling results show that the forecast vibration will mostly meet the applicable standards except at very few sensitive receptors where vibration will exceed the standards slightly during rush hour over the long term. From the above table it can be seen that at sensitive receptors such as No.1 1 Wuhan Hospital (V4) and the dormitory of the Wuhan Materials Bureau (V5) that are located near Xianggang Road, vibration levels will decrease due to the improved road conditions and limited increase in traffic volume. For sensitive receptors at the rest road sections, since the traffic volumes will increases significantly, environmental vibration will increase by up to 17.7 dB for day time and 0.2A14.1 dB at night respectively, compared to the baseline levels. Eve with these increases, the vibration levels after the project will still meet the applicable standards as discussed above. Vibration at Cultural Relics According to the site investigation during the EA, there are two provincial-level cultural relics: Wuchang Revolution Gate (V18) and the Old Site of New Fourth Army in Hankou within the scope of this assessment. There is no specific standards for cultural relics buildings. In order to conduct an appropriate assessment, the EA team evaluate different practices in other projects in China and overseas. Typically, peak vibration values are used in these other assessment so this EA also uses peak values. The assessment standard used is also the most stringent: JB 16-88 "Stipulations of Environmental Protection for Mechanical Industry", 10-30 Hz limiting speed vibration value is 1.8 mm/s. Jinshui Road where Wuchang Revolution Gate (V 18) is located is a new road and there is no traffic at present. Lugouqiao Road where Old Site of the New Fourth Army (V 19) is located is an existing road which will be widened during the project, but traffic volume is small at present. In order to assess the impact of traffic vibration to the cultural relics buildings after project completion, Ziyang Road is selected to conduct analogue study as the number of lanes, traffic volume and passing vehicle type and speeds at existing Ziyang road are very similar to those expected on Jinshui Road and Lugouqiao Road. The comparions results are presented in Table 6.3-5, and the frequency distribution spectrogram is shown in Figure 6.3-1, Figure 6.3-2 and Figure 6.3-3 respectively. 187 Table 6.3-5 Analogue Study Results of Traffic Vibration Speed in Ziyang Road Flow Description of location Peak value of Peak value of No. volume Analogue site of test point vibration frequency Remarks (vehicle/h)_____ of test point speed (mm/s) (Hz) 0 1473 20 Horizontal direction ZiyangI Rd 0 2 m at the side of road 0 0579 20 Vertical direction 1210 Outside the gate of 2 Ziyang Rd Ziyang Park, 24 m to the 0 00343 20 Vertical direction I______runninig lane The analogue results in Table 6.3-5 show that, there is a different order of magnitude between the traffic vibration and the vibration limiting value. The traffic vibration is far lower than the limiting value. So, the roads will not cause significant impacts on the cultural relics buildings after the project. [nys] Autospectrum(vibl) - Input Woring Input Input: CPB Analyzer 160u ------ 140u X-1. - lOOu - ' 60u-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -- 44 1ou 31 5 63 125 250 500 lk 2k 4k 8k 16k [Hiz] Figure 6.3-1 vibration speed frequency spectrogram in horizontal direction at (he point 0.2 m away from the road [rnys] Autospetrumr(vibl) -Input Worl2ng Input Input CPB Analyzer sou- i _ __t______!------1----i ~~,0~~~~I ~~i ~~, ~~,i ~ ~ ~~I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i 31.5 63 125 250 500 lk 2k 4k 8k 16k [Hz ] Figure 6.3-2 vibration speed frequency spectrogram in vertical direction at the point 0.2 m away from the road 188 ['Ts] Autospectu(vbl) -Input Woreng. InpLut Input: CPB Anal/zer 3.6u-__]}! |', 3.2u- _ _ - _ _ 2.4u- _ :_-__ I __- 2.2u- 0-it 1.6u- : 31.5 63 125 250 SmC Ik 2k 4k 3k 16k [IF2] Figure 6.3-3 vibration speed frequency spectrogram in vertical direction at the gate of the Ziyang Park 6.3.4 Mitigation Measures According to the mechanism with which traffic vibration is generated from the roads, important factors in traffic vibration include traffic volume, motor vehicle running speed, vehicle types and the -road conditions. In order to mitigate the impact of traffic vibration to the surrounding areas and buildings after the project, with considerations of the vibration forecast results above as well as technical feasibility, effectiveness and costs, the following mitigation measures have been proposed and will be taken during the project implementation. AC Compared to the common concrete pavement, the asphalt-concrete pavement can reduce the vibration from the road. This project will use asphalt concrete as the paving material in the road sections with sensitive buildings in the surrounding areas. A The correction coefficient of road smoothness can be up to 3-5 dB. As such quality of pavement is directly related to the scale of traffic vibration. Therefore, as a mitigation measure, the pavement construction will be carefully carried with full attention on quality details. After project completion, a full maintenance program will be developed and implemented to maintain all project roads in good conditions to ensure that any vibration caused by road surface will be kept to the minimum. XC The planned red line of new roads of this project will be up to 40-50 m for main framework roads, 25-50 m for urban trunk roads, and 20 m for branch or minor roads. Setting aside sufficiently wide red line can guarantee the attenuation distance of traffic vibration, and minimize traffic vibration impacts on sensitive buildings at both sides of the roads. Although the existing sensitive receptors may not be removed from the impacted areas, the planning department of the city will consider in the future the results of the impact assessment during this EA in its approval for development proposals. No vibration sensitive developments will be approved in the future within the impacted areas near the project roads. 189 6.4 Sunshine Impact and Mitigation Measures 6.4.1 Methodology Sunshine impact assessment mainly considers the sunshade impact of the front (first row of) buildings along the elevated road structures. This project will construct new Qinghua Road elevated viaducts and numerous interchanges. The Qinghua Road is constructed over the East Lake, so there is no sunshine sensitive building around it. The interchanges are mostly located in urban areas and some in well built regions and these structures may cause sunshade impact on the houses around them. This assessment takes the sensitive houses around the interchanges as the assessment objects. Based on the actual distance between the interchanges and the side line of the buildings, sunshine time is forecasted through a sunshine chart for the interchanges on Winter Solstice, the shortest day and thus least sunshine hours of the year. On this basis, sunshade time of the interchanges over the sensitive houses along the roads will be determined. At the same time, it will calculate the sunshine time of the bottom windows at both sides on Winter Solstice and compare it with the applicable assessment standards. Based on whether actual sunshine hours can meet the standards, the level of sunshine impacts on these houses is determined. 6.4.2 Sunshine Assessment The proposed interchanges of this project are mostly in south-north direction. According to the sunshine time forecasting chart on Winter Solstice, when the viaduct is located in south-north direction and the houses at both sides of it are facing east or west, the interchanges will cause a certain sunshade impact on the bottom windows of the houses. Sunshine impacts to sensitive buildings after the completion of each elevated structure of this project are shown in Table 6.4-1. 190 Table 6.4-1 Sunshine at Sensitive Buildings at Both Sides of the Elevated Structures Widt Relative Forecast value of Sunshine Whheupt Name of h Height Name of sensitive location to sunshine time of standard Whether up to engineering (m) (m) Receptor the elevated bottom window on (h) standard structure Winter Solstice (h) Changqing 50 < 10 Huangjiadawan Both sides 0 l Not up to Road viaduct Istandard Gusaoshu Primary due below O 3 Not up to Gusaoshu 50 <10 School standard viaduct Gusaoshu due below 0 1 Nstandardo Sanjintan 50 NanniwanNaniwanuc 40 <10)< l o kindergartenMiaoyi WssiestandardWest side 5 3 Not up to viaduct r south: 0 ~~~South: not uip to Fazhan Village Both sides south: 0 1 standard; north ______up to stan dard After the completion of the elevated structures of this project, these elevated structures will cause impact on sunshine time of bottom windows of the sensitive buildings at both sides of them on Winter Solstice. The details are shown in Table 6.4-2 Table 6.4-2 Summary Statement of Sunshine Impact of the Elevated Structures on the Sensitive Buildings at Both Sides of Them Current situation of sunshine Forecast of sunshine Changing Name of Name of sensitive environment environment value of engineering Receptor Sunshine time Whether up Sunshine Whether up sunshine (h) to standard time (h) to standard time (h) Changqing Huangiadawan O Not up to 0 Not up to 0 Road viaduct standard standard Gusaoshu Primary 1uptsanrd 0Not up to 1 Gusaoshu School up to standard standard viaduct Gusaoshu 10 up to standard 0 Not up to -10 ______Houhu______Pnmary______standard Sanjintan Houhu Primary 10 up to standard 4 up to standard -6 viaduct School Yunhe residential 0 Not up to 0 Not up to 0 area standard standard Nanniwan Miaoyi kindergarten 10 up to standard 5 up to standard -5 viaduct south: 0 south: not up to south 0 south: not up to south 0 Fazhan Village north 10 standard, north: north 4 standard, north. north- -6 up to standard up to standard According to the above calculation and analysis, the project interchanges will shorten the full-window sunshine time of the bottom windows of the first row of the houses at the side neighboring the road on Winter Solstice by 5-10 hr. In particular, buildings such as Gusaoshu Primary School, Houhu Primary School, Miaoyi Kindergarten and Fazhan Village will receive less sunshine hours and significant impacts because of their sensitivity. Such a reduction will cause in-compliance with applicable standards at Gusaoshu Primary School and Gusaoshu. As such, th6 first floor rooms in these buildings shall not be used as classrooms or bedrooms. As mitigation, the planning department of the city will not permit development of sunshine sensitive facilities within the impacted areas in the future. 191 6.5 Surface Water Impacts and Mitigation Measures 6.5.1 Drainage Plan of Wuhan City (2001-2005) Understanding of the Wuhan drainage system and drainage plal are very important to the assessment of potential impact of the roads to the surrounding water environment. For the period of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" (2001-2005), the principle of drainage planning of Wuhan City is that, for the old city proper, the combined storm water and sewage system will be maintained temporarily. The sewage will be intercepted at the proper position at the lower reach of the system by sewage treatment plants. For the new city area, separated system for storm water and sewage will be adopted. Some larger lakes, such as East Lake, Shahu Lake, Nanhu Lake, Tangsunhu Lake and Moshuihu Lake, are to be used collection and storage of storm water in the suburb areas directly (Tenth Five-Year Construction Plan for Municipal Infrastructure Facilities in Main City Proper of Wuhan). There are two integrated sewage treatment plants in Wuhan at present, that is, Wuchang Shahu Sewage Treatment Plant (50,000 tld, secondary treatment) and Hankou Huangpulu Sewage Treatment (100,000 t/d, primary treatment), and additional sewage treatment plants are under construction or preparation. The sewage treatment ratio of these two plants is presently about 6%, far lower than the average sewage treatment ratio of 30% of all cities in the country. With the new Wuchang Erlangmiao Sewage Treatment Plant (180,000 t/d, primary treatment), Longwangzui Sewage Treatment Plant (150,000 tld, secondary treatment) and Hanyang Nantaizihu Sewage Treatment Plant (100,000 tld pretreatment), as well as the expansion of the Shahu Sewage Treatment Plant within the year of 2001 (details are shown in Figure 6.5-1: Layout of Main Sewage Treatment Plants in Wuhan City), the treatment ratio will be increased substantially. By the time these new and expansion projects are complete, scheduled for the next 3-5 years, most sewage from the urban centers will be able to go through at least pre-treatment prior to discharges to the receiving environment. Clearly, by the time this project is complete, there will be substantial sewage treatment capacity in the city. Surface runoff from the roads in downtown areas will be collected and treated (as this area will still be serviced with the combined sewer system), although such treatment may not be necessary In the areas outside of the downtown area or city core, the surface runoff will be collected by storm sewer and discharged directly to the lakes around Wuhan. 6.5.2 Water Pollution Sources This transport project will not produce wastewater by itself. However, after this project is in service, the pollutants emitted by motor vehicles, oil leaks, the silt brought by vehicles tires and dust precipitation to the road surface will be enter the surface runoff during rains. Such runoff, particularly within the first hour of the rain can be contaminated containing COD, SS and oil and grease. The concentrations of the pollutants in a typical surface runoff from urban 192 roads, based on experience from other projects, are shown in Table 6.5-1. Table 6.5-1 Concentrations of Pollutants in Initial Urban Road Runoff Concentrations of pollutants at each period of time at Average Standard initial rain stage (mg/L) vaue vaue Whether up to Item value value 0-15 60-120 >120 standard 15-30 min 30-60 min (mg/L) (mgIL) min min min COD 170 130 110 97 72 120 150 Up to standard BOD5 28 26 23 20 12 20 30 Up to standard oil 3 2 5 2 15 1 2 10 Up to standard SS 390 280 190 200 160 280 150 Exceeded by 0 8time Table 6.5-1 shows that, the average value of content of SS in road surface runoff at two hours exceeds the applicable standard by 0.8 time (Class II in GB 8978-1996 "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standards". However, the first 15 minutes to first 30 minutes (the first flush) of surface runoff is expected to have much higher concentrations and COD could also exceed the applicable standard. 6.5.3 Receiving Water Impact According to the Wuhan drainage plan described briefly above, surface runoff from areas within the downtown core will be collected and routed to sewage treatment plants for treatment prior to discharge. However, runoff from outside city core areas will be discharged to the lakes directly without any treatment. The lakes will be impacted with particularly with increased suspended solids. But as the lake water move very slowly, the impacted areas will be limited to those neaer the storm water discharge outlets. For other contaminants, the impacted may only be limited to the first 15-30 minutes of a rain event as concentrations in storm runoff will quickly be reduced as the road surface will be "flushed clean" as the rain continues. The lasting storm water will help dilute the contaminated runoff in the first half hour. With the completion of the new Wuhan urban sewage treatment plants, more sewage and other wastewater wich currently discharged to the environment directly will be treated before discharge and as a result, water quality in all the surface water bodies in the city is expected to be significantly improved. The improved water quality will provide additional assimilative capacity for receiving contaminated surface runoff and help maintain water quality in the lakes at their dedicated surface water quality categories. 6.5.4 Mitigation Measures Motor vehicles fleet in Wuhan will be requested to operating in good conditions to minimize oil leaking and other problems which may result in leaking of liquids to the road surface. This is a very general measure, which cannot be enforced by the project alone. But the road management authority will support and promote any initiatives in the city which will contribute towards this goal. According to relevant city by-laws, all vehicles carrying bulk and 193 F1ff ES 6. 5-1 fk:> AL -,g;t!AA F tr a 1 Attached Drawing 6.5-1 Layout of Main Sewage Treatmnent Plants in WVuhanlcity 0t f RS > 4 X rr AX ' >;:m>: L _L'S=> W '7 :''-: -m rr, L.- I nh @ Mu } f ' f -.~~ ' ~~- ~~I-2wliU&d'/, Pl I _> i - J63 _1 I I ;= - i,-, i- Eh itiukSr riGl-Ta-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~u l r- Tobaw wc rrer|/ ... 4 , r i t r--r-n t*D a rZ ituisirdW~~~~~~~ ' d2fb!li f4il.^d iScclJ2d,ii;R1;'~~~~~~~ ;rl=:haTb Lc-vr---;,IIailzuJCri]5d v~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~v? ~ ~ ~~ . 'l be -,ifl6' I contaminated materials must be well covered to prevent any dripping or spills on city roads. In addition, the motor vehicles entering the city and leaving construction sites will be required to clean their tires to minimize the dust they could bring to the city roads. These by-laws will be strictly enforced. As the storm sewer in the suburb will be discharged to the lakes directly which could impact the lake waters close to the outlets, the locations of the outlets will be reviewed when roads and their supporting systems are designed. PMO will invite the EA team and other environmental expert to participate in the engineering design review. Those which are located in sensitive areas such as recreational sites, fish habitats, drinking water intakes, etc. will be re-located to avoid the direct impacts. 6.6 Ecosystem impacts and mitigation 6.6.1 Vegetation protection measures Urban road construction usually has a certain impact on areas around the road and damages vegetation in some areas. This urban road project consists of new road construction, expansion and upgrading of existing roads and construction of interchanges in the city as well as construction of supporting facilities for the road. The road construction will require new land areas and removal of vegetation on this land. While the design and construction will try their best preserve the trees and green areas, the removal of some vegetation cannot be avoidable. As described in Chapter 5, in total, 2351 trees will be cut for road construction and expansion. A substantial compensation program have been developed and will be implemented which includes a massive landscaping along the project roads and open space. A total of 10,115 new trees will be planted in this program, more than four times of the trees lost to the project. The tree planting program will be part of the this project and its cost included in the project construction budget. Therefore, the project will result in a net increase in green areas in the project areas, although it may take about three to five years for the juvenile trees to mature and form the same amount of green areas and shades of the old trees cut by the project. According to city plan, 100 m wide green belts consisting of lawns, bushes and trees, will be planted along the trunk roads, 50 m wide green belts along the radial roads and 10 m wide green belts along other city roads where possible. The landscaping program will provide the city with large green areas, contributing to the urban ecosystem as well as the city landscape and beautiful views in the city and the communities. 6.6.2 Impact on wetland of East Lake and corresponding protective measures 6.6.2.1 Legal and Planning Status of Qinghua Road In this project, Qinghua road with its total length of 8520 m, will pass part of the East Lake scenery site. In the Wuhan road network, Qinghua road is one of the ten major radial roads connecting inner ring roads (IRR), mid ring road (MRR) and outer ring road (ORR). As such 194 it is a key transportation corridor in the city which connecting Wudong area with the city core. Qinghua road will be 40 m wide, partially on green fields which are farmland and East lake water surface, and partially on an existing road of about 12-16 m wide. According to the current design, the road length passing the East lake will be 1026 m, as an elevated viaduct with 2 m clearance above the water surface. The "East Lake Scenery Site Master Plan" of 1993, which is the latest version of the Plan has given considerable considerations to requirements for urban roads from Wuhan city Master Plan. Within the road plan for the East Lake area, Qinghua road as proposed in this project has been included in the East Lake plan as an urban trunk road (see Figure 4.9-1 which is the East Lake Master Plan map). Based on the alignment selection and the current design, the proposed Qinghua road in this project complies legally with both city and East Lake master plans. Another legal document related to the East Lake is the "Wuhan City Lake Protection Regulations". Article 9 of the Regulations stipulates that "for urban center lakes and adjacent green areas, no structures will be allowed to construct except discharge pump stations, wastewater treatment facilities, landscaping and other municipal structures and facilities as included in relevant city plans." As Qinghua road is a municipal facility in the road network in both City Master Plan and East Lake Scenery Site Plan, the road construction complies with the regulations. 6.6.2.2 Impact on East Lake Scenery Site Qinghua road will be 40 m wide. From Donghuxiang to Wangqing road (the east section of the road), the current alignment areais primarily the lake and some farmland. From Wangxing road to No.21 highway, the current alignment is a 12-16 wide road. Based on the current proposal, once complete, Qinghua road will be Class I urban trunk road with a designed speed of 60 km/hr, and predicted traffic volume of 22,617 pcu/d in two directions by 2007. The 1028 m section of the road which will cross the lake water is currently designed as an elevated viaduct, with the designed height 2 m above the highest water level in the lake. The EA team visited the East Lake Scenery Site Administration Authority and review the the East Lake Master Plan. In general the Qinghua road complies with the Master Plan and the relevant authority has no objection to it. However, as a trunk road and a busy transportation corridor, the expected large traffic on Qinghua road will generate high noise to the presently quiet environment zoned for health recovery and recreation. In addition, while the design takes the EA suggestion to revise the design and build the Qinghua road East lake section as an elevated viaduct structure for the reason of protecting the East lake wetland areas and water body continuity, the above ground/water structure will be eye-catching and conflicting with the surrounding scenery. There is not much mitigation options available for the scenery impacts except demanding the design and architectural styles of the viaduct to be in harmony with the surrounding environment as much as possible. 195 The Baima Zone where Qinghua road will be located (See Figure 4.9-1) is a primarily health recovery zone according to the East Lake Scenery Site Master Plan where the highest noise standard (Category 0) applies. At present, the part of existing Qinghua road which traverses the scenery site is 5 m cement road in the west 2000 m section with farmland of Donghu village on both sides. The 1000 m east section is farmland and deserted land of Xianfeng village. The 1028 m middle section is a narrow dam in the middle of the lake. The lake area traversed by Qinghua road is between Tangling and Xiaotan lakes featured with flat and open lake areas and country views. Because of the zoning in this area, as well as its ecological nature, a high quality and quiet environment is needed. However, as an urban trunk road with expected freight dominated traffic, Qinghua road, once built will create noise levels of 70 dB(A) or higher at the day time and about 65 dB(A) at night. This will significantly exceed the applicable noise standards (Category 0) for this area, affecting the health functions planned for this area, as well as the area ecosystem (details in the section below). In addition, although the elevated road structure traversing the lake water will avoid permanent severing of the lake water, the outstanding structure will create a conflict with the surrounding countryside view and environment. Therefore, there will be a significant impacts to the scenery in the area. 6.6.2.3 East Lake Ecosystem Impacts Roughly 1000 m Qinghua road will pass through the East lake where there are substantial birds and aqua-life activities. The road alignment is presently quiet with little human activities and disturbance. The construction and operation of Qinghua road will bring to this natural area motor vehicle emissions, noise, and surface runoff, affecting the birds and the growth of aquatic plants. The contaminated road surface runoff containing oil etc. could damage the water plants while the worsening air quality and, in particular, noise, could drive away water fowls and birds. The site investigation by the EA team also shows that the core area of the East Lake Wetland is located in the crisscrossed water/marsh area in the Xiaotan lake and Yangchun lake, which has a certain distance to the Qinghua road alignment. The closest point of the wetland core area to the alignment is about 1000 m. Because of the distance, the impacts of the road operation to the wetland and key natural habitats are expected to be limited. According to EA modeling results, during Qinghua road operation period, area within 20 m from the road will have noise levels ranged 73.2 to 75.4 dB(A) during the day and 74.4-76.9dB (A) during the peak hours. Even at 60 from the road, the day time noise will still be 68.7 to 70.9dB(A), 65.7 to 67.9dB(A) at night and 70.2-72.4 dB(A) during peak hours. Clearly, there will be a large bend area within which there will be high noise levels which will affect bird activities and drive birds away from this area. The design engineers have adopted the EA proposal to change the Qinghua road to an elevated viaduct structure. The entire section at the East lake will be 2 m above the water 196 surface with a 30 column span. The columns will be built on existing farmland or dykes and as such, the road will not create new separation between lakes. With this design, the continuity of the ecosystem in the lake areas, primarily the continuity of the water body will not be affected. Although elevated viaduct design has less adverse impacts compared with ground level road on the balance, both designs will have significant adverse impacts particularly impacts to the local ecosystem. 6.6.2.4 Mitigation There are not many mitigation measures which may be designed and implemented to address these adverse impacts of Qinghua road. Those which may be taken to minimize the potential impacts of Qinghua road to the East lake national scenery site and wetland are presented as follows: AC The traffic will be controlled and in principle only Wuhan registered motor vehicles may use this road while outside vehicles, through traffic and heavy trucks will be banned to use Qinghua road East lake section. Warning signs about this requirement will be erected at the closest intersections on the both ends of the Qinghua road East lake section. AX East Lake Sceniery Site Administrative Authority will be invited to participated in the design of the elevated viaduct to maximize the harmony of the structure with the surrounding environment. XC The elevated viaduct will include a close-loop surface runoff collection system. The collected runoff will be directed to less sensitive area for discharge instead of discharging to the site directly. 3R High quality pavement will be used for this section of the road to ensure minimum noise from road surface/tire friction. The entire Qinghua road will be banned for homing and warning sign to that effect will be erected along the road. AX The planning department will strictly control the development of this area. No facilities will be permitted to be built in the East Lake area if not complying with the East Lake Master Plan and approved by the East lake authority. However, it must be pointed that the effectiveness of the above mitigation measures is limited. Despite all these measures, an eyes-catching and intruding structure would erected in the completely natural environmental setting for the time being and the significantly increased noise levels will disturb the birds and their habitats and could potentially drive the birds and waterfowls away from this area. Other measures such as banning of horning along the road and traffic control, even future developments along the roadside, would be difficult to enforce. Furthermore, the actual impacts to the ecosystem of the East Lake particularly to wildlife and fisheries resources, after all the above mitigation measures implemented, are not completely known due to the limited time available to the current EA. Given all these considerations, it is uncertain as to whether or not the construction of the Qinghua road is environmentally acceptable. Further, considerable studies are needed to determine the potential impacts of, as 197 well as to identify alternatives to Qinghua road. 6.6.2.5 Summary and Conclusions of Qinghua Road Impact Assessment to East Lake In summary, East Lake is both a national level scenery site and an important part of Jianghan lake area wetland. High level and effective protection is needed to the lake area. Based on the current environmental assessment, given the limited time and limited available information, it is not completely clear on the exact level of impact from construction and operation of Qinghua road particularly to the local ecosystem, although the road itself legally complies with relevant plans and regulations. Furthermore, the above mitigation measures may not be effective and are likely not able to address the adverse impacts already identified. In conclusion, the available information and environmental assessment are inconclusive and considerable further and more detailed assessment is required to determine the level of impacts of Qinghua road to finally determine whether the current alignment is environmentally acceptable. As Qinghua road is scheduled for construction in year 2006 in the current construction plan, the EA recommends further study and impact assessment for this particular road component. The further study will also allow the PMO and design team, as well as EA team more time to explore the possibility and feasiblity of a different alignment which does not traverse the scenery area and the lake itself. There would be the alternative of not building Qinghua road if the network capacity is proven by further study sufficent to service this area without qinghua road. This additional study may be completed well ahead of the 2006 construction schedule and thus will not affect the construction plan. In light of the possibility of changing the Qinghua road alignment or not building it at all, Gong Ye avenue which links to Qinghua road, may also need to change or delete. Construction of Gong Ye avenue was originally scheduled for year 2004. The PMO has accepted EA team's proposal to re-schedule the construction of Gong Ye avenue to 2006 to allow the time for further studies. 6.6.3 Environmental Aesthetics According to the locations of the project areas, the general landscapes and surrounding areas may be characterized as follows: X Urban built up areas with high density of various types of buildings such as Hong Kong Road and Meizi Road, X Low density buildings, such as the north section of Centerline, Huangpu Road and Houhu Road, and areas are mainly narrow roads and scattered residential quarters. X Suburb areas such as Qinghua Road, the east section of Centerline and Sixin Avenue, and the areas are mostly farmland and water bodies. Clearly, the areas where impacts to environmental aesthetics may potentially occur are the suburb areas. In addition, the multi-layer interchanges will also affect the view of people and the overall environmental setting. Such elevated structure could also block the view of residents in the nearby buildings. The design will be required to include these factors into 198 considerations. The architecture styles of interchanges will be such that they can harmonize with the surrounding areas to the maximum extent possible. For surface roads, landscaping will be carefully designed to minimize the impacts of the roads on environmental settings and improve environmental aesthetics where possible. 6.7 Community Impacts and Mitigations 6.7.1 Community Impacts and Mitigation The new and widened roads where traffic volume and speed will increase, will separate some communities. Some of the roads will have central separating fences or media. In addition, wider streets, fast moving vehicles and large traffic volume could also be a safety concern to the communities, dwellers, students and enterprises located nearby. In particular, Taibei Road, Hong Kong Road, North Zhongshan Road, Qinyuan Road and several other roads have schools and hospitals on the road sides. Community severance impacts will be apparent causing inconveniencen to access these education or public facilities. For the safety of the residents and efficient traffic movement and traffic order, the road fencing is often necessary. To mitigate the community severance, pedestrian and bicycle passing will be built. According to the design, 12 new pedestrian street crossing will be included in the project and the residents now only need to walk a short distance to find either a intersection with traffic control lights or street crossing facility. These crossings are summarized in Table 6.7-1. 199 Table 6.7-1 Establishments for pedestrians in the project Works Place Structure Function Under crossing in front of Wuhan Hangkong Road of Jiefang Under For the conveniece of shopping UnderAvenu crossingif people and students of Huapo Road plaza avenue crossing Primary School Under crossing in front of Wuhan Head of First Jianghan Road in Under For people to pass over the streets Workers' Culture Palace Hangyan and west foot of crossing and for the senary and to ensure free Workers'Cuture PalaceGuishan Mountain crsig traffic in the inn Jinghan Avenue - Wusheng Road At the place of Wushan Road For people to pass over Wusheng over- crossing overcrossing and Hangkong Overcrossing Raod Road interchange Qinyuan Road Overcrossing Zhongbea Road Overcrossing Ensure free traffic Changchun Taoist Temple on Changchun Taoist Temple on Provide a safe passage to cross the Wuluo Road Wuluo Road Ovcrcrossing road for the tourist of Changchun Taoist Temple Zhongbei Road - Shuiguohu To the east side of Hongshan Under Provide a safe passage to cross the under- crossing Plaza crossing road for tourist of Hongshan Plaza Southeast to the cross of Provide a safe passage for people go Xudong Parity Plaza Xudong Overcrossing to Xudong Parity Plaza and the Overcrossing Road and Third Avenue of building supermarkets Qingshan District Overcrossings at the intersection At the cross of Qingnian Road of Qingnian Road and Shuili and Shuili Road (West Beihu Overcrossing Improve the safety for the pedestrian Road Road) Overcrossings on Shisheng Road At the cross of Meiguiyuan Overcrossing For the safety of people crossing the and Meiguiyuan Road Road and Shisheng Road road Overcrossing on and East Take the place of cross walk and Horizontal Branch of Qingnian East of the cross of Jianshe Overcrossing improve the traffic and the safety of Road of Jianshe Avenue Avenue and Qingnian Road the pedestrians Overcrossing on Duofu Road of At the cross of Zhongshan Provide a passage for pedestufans of Zhongshan Avenue Avenue and Duofu Road Overcrossi and Hanzheng Street Xinhua Road Stadium In front of Xinhua Road vO Provide a safe passage for Overcrossing Stadium vercrossing pedestrians of Xinhua Road Stadium In addition, traffic lights control crossing, cross walks and speed limits will also be included in the project design throughout the project roads. 6.7.2 Commercial activities impacts The planned roads will not involve any removal of markets. In general, this project will have beneficial effects to the commercial activities of the project areas. For example, in the areas in Hanyang and Wuchang where there is road or transportation service, the project will bring more commercial activities. In addition, more efficient transportation, better road conditions, more convenient public transport and wider coverage of the road network will provide convenience to the outings of the residents in all parts of the city. As such, the commercial in downtown as well as other areas could see more customers and increased commercial activities. The potential impacts to commercial establishment will be basically positive and beneficial. 6.7.3 Community development Construction of Sixin Avenue, Xinfu Avenue, Houhu Road, Industrial Avenue, and Qinghua Road will promote development of Sixin area, Houhu area and Qingshan area, which currently do not have sufficient road infrastructure and transportation services. In fact, the poor road conditions have been the major factors affecting the development of these 200 communities and one of the factors for the poor standard of living for the residents in these communities. The new or improved road connection to these areas will help attract investment to these areas and promote the economic activities and growth as well as convenience for the residents there. At the same, well developed communities in these currently inactive communities will help attract more residents and businesses to relocate, alleviating the pressure on the downtown areas and the city core. For areas where there are villages at the present, the road connection will help them integrated into the city as most of these villages have lost land to the urban development and are in transition from rural zoning to urban zoning. The uniformed community development will contribute to the development of entire Wuhan municipality in its effort for sustainable economic development, continued improvement of standards of living for its residents and building it as a modern livable city. 6.8 Analysis of Risks due to Accidents 6.8.1 Risks on storage and transportation of dangerous cargo Definition of dangerous cargo Dangerous cargo or materials are those that are characterized with flammable, explosive, eroding, contaminating and radio active and can cause personal and property damages if not handled properly. Such materials, if released, could also cause significant harm to the environment. Because of these natures, dangerous cargo and dangerous materials require special protection during handling, loading, storage and transportation, including special package specification, temperature control, inhibitors and radiation shielding and assembling specification. According to their nature, there could be three kinds of potential risks, namely, fire and exploration, human body harm and radiation. There are numerous external factors which could trigger risks to occur during transportation, as shown in Table 6.8-1: Table 6.8-1 Risks characters for various transportation risks Risk Types Harm Cause analysis Crash and turnover Polluting land and surface water Leakage Failure of loading equipment Fire and blast Mal-operation Fuel leakage Property loss, personnel casualty, Thereaare Fire and blast . . There are mechanical, electric and chemical factors, high environment pollution .______.______.. ______tem perature and fire sources. Probability of accidents After the project is in operation, the accidental risks will come mainly from vehicles carrying the above defined dangerous goods. Most of these tank trucks will not pass through the down 201 town area. But if vehicles loaded with such dangerous substances are involved in traffic accidents, there could be a potential for fires and/or spills threatening the safety of urban communities and for environmental contamination. In particular, if such accidents occur near a water body, the released dangerous chemicals may be discharged to near rivers or lakes with potential serious consequences. According to relevant Wuhan motor vehicle statistics, the whole city has registered vehicles of 154,621. Among these vehicles, 1186 or 0.76% are tank or cargo trucks which could carry dangerous goods defined above. According to the motor vehicles accidents statistics, the 30 year average accident rates in Wuhan is about 0.1%. Based on the above statistics, it may be calculated that the probability of accidents involving hazardous materials, thus potential risks to the people of the city and the environment will be 1.1 x 0-5 per year. Impacts of the accidents There are several sensitive receiving water bodies, such as the East Lake which is a national level scenery and wetland, and Yangtze river which is a national landmark water way. The risks of accidental releases of hazardous chemicals to the environment from traffic accidents are expected to be mostly to lakes, as in Wuhan runoff from the road surface is pumped to the rivers allowing reaction time stop such release. There is no bridge crossing the Yangtze and other area rivers and therefore no risks from this project of truck falling into the rivers directly. Such accidents could however pose much higher threat to lakes because of the following reasons: 3X Several roads are located adjacent to lakes; X The storm water sewers are typically discharged to the lakes directly, without going to pump stations; X Lake water is more stagnant and lack of sufficient dilution and assimilation capacity. At Some of the lakes are sensitive, because of their functions as scenery sites and/or natural habitats. However, by the same reason for stagnation and the lack of dilution capacity, any pollution to the lakes, if occur, would disperse relatively slowly. As the roads are typically far from the cores of these lakes including core areas of scenery and natural habitats, it would take a long time for the pollutants to reach the core and the most sensitive areas of these receiving water bodies. This slow movement of pollutants would provide reaction time for cleanup and remediation if necessary. Mitigation There will be several agencies involved in control and emergency response to such accidents. For example, traffic and public security will be responsible to secure the accident site and maintain social security. The transportation authority will be responsible to ensure permitting 202 and inspection of trucks containing dangerous goods. The environmental authority will be responsible for cleanup any contaminants released to the environment and minimize any potential damages to the receiving water and other natural habitats. Other mitigation measures include: X Dangerous articles transportation will be requested to strictly conducted according to relevant specification of Rules on Conveying Dangerous Cargo (TT3 130; Traffic police and environmental authority have the right to inspect conveying transportation trucks hazardous materials to determine compliance. Any violations found on Wuhan's roads will be ordered off the road and fined as appropriate according to the Rules. AX Packages and containers for dangeous articles will be fastened and sealed, on which special marks and designation plate will be stamped according to Packaging Mark for Dangerous Cargo. As for flammable and blasting dangerous chemicals data (flash point and melting point) of physical-chemical and toxics and precautions concerning fireproofing, flameproof, fire extinguishing and safety conveyance will be described in the instruction, otherwise, it is not allowed to deliver from the manufacturer. AR Relevant certificates will be offered when consigning dangerous articles. Procedures at designated transportation authority will be gone through, the consigned articles will be in accordance with what listed on the check. When consigning dangerous articles unlisted the catalog of the state, attached authentication certificate approved by the senior authority through examination will be submitted. X Personnel in charge of loading and conveying dangerous articles will wear corresponding protective articles as per characters of dangerous articles loaded or conveyed; The articles will be loaded or unloaded gently, and no throwing, dragging, heavily pressing and scrubbing are allowed. Package and containers as well as the marks will never be destroyed, but piled steadily. AX Any transportation of hazardous materials within the urban will need to apply for special permits before hand. The traffic police will assign specific routes for transportation, avoiding where large population and other sensitive areas looate. AR An emergency response team will be established. This team will be basically included into the municipal emergency service team which is already in operation in the city taking care of municipal emergency such as water mains breaks and storm sewer clogging. This team will be trained to handle the environmental emergency such as spills of hazardous materials and equipped with appropriate materials and equipment such as personal protection equipment, aborbent, berms, pumps, and others as may be needed. An emergency procedures will be established and relevant authorities such as EPB, public health, police, etc., will be informed when such environmental emergency occurs. In summary, in order to guarantee conveyance of dangerous cargo it is necessary to do a good job of analyzing risks, commanding its nature and laws of changing, packaging, conveying, 203 loading, storing and safeguarding, go through consignment undertakings and documentation, take measures to control and prevent all environmental conditions during conveyance and make corresponding schemes in advance. Practice argues that if the said specifications are well observed, dangerous cargo can be conveyed safely. 204 7. Impact Assessment of Public Transport Project 7.1 Forecast of air quality The public transport fleet is considered as a diffused source when assessing its impact on air quality. The following table shows the average emission factor of Wuhan buses at idle speed by means of MOBILES model (see Table 7. 1-1). Table 7.1-1 Emission factor of buses at idle speed (g/hr) unit: g/hr. Year CO NOx 2007 271.6 56.4 2020 104.9 20.5 Assuming that in rush hour, the buses on each route will travel at an interval of 5 minutes, and each bus will stop for 2 minutes at each bus stop, then it is able to estimate the emission intensity at each public transport station, which is shown in Table 7.1-2. Table 7.1-2 Emission strength in the bus terminals (g/hr) 2007 2020 Junction station name CO Nox CO NOx ZhonghuaRd (PT2.5) 651.9 135 5 251.9 49.2 Taipingyang (PT2.6) 434.6 90.3 167 9 32.8 LUibeilu (PT2.7) 543 2 112.9 209 9 41.0 Sanyanglu (PT2.8) 6519 135.5 251 9 49 2 Yongqinglu (PT2.9) 869.2 180 6 335.8 65 7 Guqintai (TP2 10) 1955.6 406.4 755.6 147 7 Yuejiazui (PT2.11) 760 5 158 0 293 8 57 5 As the height of the emission pipe of the bus is low, in the calculation of the impact on air quality at bus terminal, box mode is adopted. The mixing height is assumed to be 2.5 m. The average concentration of pollutant at each public transport station in rush hour calculated using box mode is shown in table 7.1-3: Table 7.1-3 Average concentration of pollutant at bus station (mg/m 3) Name of station 2007 2020 CO Nox CO NOx Zhonghua Rd (PT2 5) 2 03 0.227 1.46 0 104 Taipingyang (PT2 6) 1 79 0.178 1.37 0 086 Lijibeilu (PT2.7) 2 07 0.236 1.47 0 107 Sanyanglu (PT2.8) 2 08 0 238 1.48 0 108 Yongqinglu (PT2.9) 1.98 0 216 1.44 0 100 Guqintai (PT2.10) 3 08 0.444 1.86 0 183 Yuejiazui (PT2.11) 1 87 0 194 1.40 0092 According to the forecasted result, concentration of CO and NOx under normal operational conditions at each bus station at rush hour can all meet the Class 2 standard. 205 7.2 Acoustic Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures 7.2.1 Assessment Scope The assessment covers 100 m within the boundary of the publictransport terminal station; and focuses on the boundary noise of the terminal station and the first row of environmental sensitive receptors facing the terminal station. 7.2.2 Assessment Standard According to the requirements of the World Bank and the stipulations of environmental functional zoning of Wuhan City, the assessment standards applicable to the acoustic environmental impact are shown in Table 7.2-1. Table 7.2-1 Applicable Assessment Standard Environmental Standard Standard value and class Scope of application aMonitoring Daytime. LeqS5dBA Environmental sensitive receptors GB/T 14623-93 GB 3096-93 Nighttime Leq45dBA such as school, hospital and "Measuring Acoustic "Urban Regional (Class I) residential area Method of environment Environmental Daytime. Leq5OdBA Zone Class 0 in the stipulation of Environmental Noise Standards" Nighttime. Leq4OdBA environmental functional zoning Noise of Urban I__ _ (Class 0) of Wuhan City Area" 7.2.3 Environmental Sensitive Receptors This environment assessment is focused on sensitive receptors around the bus terminals and the surrounding sensitive receptors. For the publictransport terminal station that has no sensitive receptor around it, this assessment only provides the forecasted results of boundary noise. The scale of publictransport terminal station and the environmental protection targets within the assessment scope are summarized in Table 7.2-2. 206 Table 7.2-2 Scale of Bus Terminal and Environmental Protection Targets General description of sensitive receptor lTerminadW4 Numberofse r psganbtr \ of Name of sensitive Nearest Number of PopulationPplto Terminal station operating is seusitne 3 (01) ofbmitoigM ~~receptor horizontal storey of the impacted buses rereptor distance to building facing directly i boundary (m) street (persons) Wujiashan(m 1) 10000 230 55 Without sensitive I ~~~~~~receptor______4cutiRlrl(l 5000 115 28 Withoutsensitiveo receptor GuanshanRd 10000 230 55 Without sensitive/// I (PT23) 10000 receptor Qingling(PT2 4) 5000 115 28 Wihout sensitiveo Zhonghua Road Zhonghua Rd(PT2 5) 5000 115 28 118 residential I 6 200-odd ______building Taipingans(PM264000 92 22 119 Dorrnitory of I 2-6 200-odd Knitting Mill Northern LiUi 3200 73 18 120 Grain Industrial I 4-6 500-odd Rd(PT2 7) College No 8 Wuhian Sanyang Rd(PT2 8) 4500 103 25 121 Middle Schlool 1 4 1000-odd s YongqingT29) 10000 230 55 122 New village I 6-7 300-odd < Street(PT2 9) ____ Guqintai(PT2 10) 10000 230 55 Without sensitive / / Yuejiazui(PT2 I) 10000 230 55 Without sensitive E NewQili ~~~~~~~~~~ ~~receptorE Village(PT3 1) 5000 115 28 123 Residential Area1 6 300-odd Baibuting(PT3 2) 4000 92 22 124 Whoutsensitive_ 6-7 1000-odd 6 ______~~~~~~~~~~~receptor Erqiaoxi residentiall 40 2 Witout sensitive area(PT33) ______receptor ______Nanhu 8000 184 44 Without sensitiveo 6-7 300-odd Garden(PT3 4) receptor Cbherialun(PT35) 10000 230 - 55 125 Sensitir ______~~~~~~~~~receptor fiang(anxi 5000 115 28 Without sensitive / station(PT3 6) receptor Gusaoshu(PT3 7) 3600 83 20 Gusaoshu 100-odd ______~~~~~~~~~~residentialarea Houhu(PT3 8) 5000 115 28 Without sensitive 200-odd receptor______Xanpiang Vilage(P 9) 9730 223 54 Without sensitive / / / ______~~~~~~ ~~receptor______Xudong 4748 108 26 126 Tuajieresidential I 7-8 500-odd Rd(PT3 I10) _ _ _ area ______Guanshan(PT3 11) 7312 167 40 Without sensitive / / / receptor ______Tieji 8858 202 49 127 Tiejiresidential I 6-7 500-odd Village(PT3 12) ______area______ 7.2.4 Assessment of Current Acoustic Quality In order to understand the existing acoustic quality at the environmental sensitive receptors around the publictransport terminal station, from September 16, 2002 to November 18, 2002 and December 10, 2002 to December 30, 2002 respectively, the Fourth Survey and Design Institute of China Railways conducted monitoring at the environmental sensitive receptors at both sides of the publictransport terminal stations in accordance with GB/T 14623-93 "Measuring Methods of Environmental Noise of Urban Area" by using RIONNL- 11 type integral sound level meter and HS6280D type noise spectrum analyzer. That is, measured equivalent continuous A sound level by selecting the time period in daytime (8:00-18:00) and at nighttime (22:00-6:00) in the operating time of publictransport terminal station, and it stands for the level of current situation of acoustic environment. The monitoring points were set up at the boundaries of publictransport terminal stations and the first row of environmental 207 sensitive receptors facing the publictransport terninal station. The monitoring results are shown in Table 7.2-3. Table 7.2-3 Monitoring Results of Current Acoustic Quality at Bus Terminals Terminal No. of Noise monitoring results Executiv Overproof value (dBA) station and sensitiv Name of sensitive dBA) e head-end e receptor Daytime Nighttime standard Daytime Nighttime station receptor Wujiashan(PT2 1) Without sensitive 65.5 57 5 10.5 12 5 receptor ______YouananiPT.II2 Withoutreceptor sensitive 62 5 51 5 7 5 6 5 Guanshan Rd Without sensitive 63.5 58 5 8 5 13 5 I(PT2.3) receptor Qingling(PT2.4) Without sensitive 67 5 64 5 12 5 19 5 ______~~receptor Zhonghua 118 Zhonghua Road 61 8 56 5 6 8 11 5 Rd(PT2 5) residential building Taiping)ang(PT26) 119 Dornitory of Knitting Mill 69.2 63 5 14 2 18 5 Northern Liji 120 Grain Industrial College 70.1 67 6 15 1 22.6 Rd(PT2 7)______Sanyang 121 No. 8 Wuhan Mlddle 66.5 62 6 11 5 17 6 Rd(PT2 8) School StreetgPT2 9 122 New village 68.4 59 5 13 4 14 5 Guqintai Without sensitive 675 645 67 564 5 ~~~~125 19 5 (PT2.10) receptor _ Without sensitive Yuejiazut(PM2 11) receptor 51.5 43 5 -3 5 -1.5 New Qili 123 Taohuadao Residential 62.5 48.5 7.5 3.5 Village(PT3.1) Area E_ Baibuting(PT3 2) 124 W ensitiv 61 8 51.5 co 6.8 6.5 Ersidnaoxare Without sensitive 53 45 5 -I 5 0 5 Nanhu Garden Without sensitive 64 8 59.9 -i 9 8 14 9 (PT3 4) receptor _ _ Cheniadun(PT35) 125 Without sensitive66 8 53 6 8 6 (PT3 3) Jrang'anxi station Without sensitive 61.9 56.5 6.9 11 5 (PT3.6) (PT3 4) ~~~~receptorreceptor Gusaoshu Gusaoshu residential area 62 8 53 5 7.8 8.5 Houhu(PT3 8) Without sensitive 58.6 48 5 3 6 3 5 XCang)angT(PT3 10)illage Without sensitive 65.7 56 5 10 7 11 5 (PT3.9) receptor Xudong Rd 126 Tuanjie residential area 65 5 62 5 105 175 Xuanshan Without sensitive 66 5 58 5 11 5 13 5 (PT3 1i) receptor Tie3p Village 127 Tieji residential area 54.5 45 8 -0 5 0 8 (P T3 12) ______1__ _ _ _ 1__ _ 1__ _ _ _ I__ _ _ I__ Note the overproof value is positive number expresses that it is higher that standard, negative expresses lower Table 7.2-3 shows that, the current acoustic quality at the environmental sensitive receptors around the proposed publictransport terminal stations has exceeded the standard of 11.5-22.6 dBA due to impact by existing traffic noise and domestic noise. 7.2.5 Acoustic Quality Forecast and Assessment 208 ForecastMethods Forecast of environmental noise impact adopts the combined method of analogue monitoring and modeling Forecast of environmental noise impact for publictransport terminal station adopts analogue monitoring method. For the forecast of environmental noise impact at publictransport terminal station and head-end station, America FHWA model is adopted, but has been modified to fit the actual circumstances in China and the road, in accordance with Chinese JTJ 005-96 "Environmental Impact Assessment Specifications for Road Project". The detailed method is discussed in Section 6.2.3. Noise Analogue Monitoring Bus Terminal This assessment selects the Xinhualu Long-haulage Bus Station for analogue monitoring for foreign transport hub, and the monitoring results are shown in Table 7.2-4. Table 7.2-4 Noise Analogue Monitoring Results at Foreign Transport Hub Daytime Nighttime Remarks Equivalent continuous A sound level (dBA) at 62 5 53.5 Xinhualu Long-distance Bus Station the point 1 m outside the boundary ForecastedResult at PublicTransportTerminal Station The details are shown in Table 7.2-5. 209 Table 7.2-5 Forecasted Results of Current acoustic Quality at Public Trans ort Terminal Station Forecast results of stationNo of and ~~~~~~~~~~Currentsituati'on operational noise of Analysis of the forecast Terminal station sensitive Name of sensitive receptor of noiise (dBA) terinal resufts receptor (dBA) Daytime Nighttime Daytime Nighttime Wujiashan(P1) Without sensitive receptor 62 5 53 5 lsotsjaiPfl!! Without sensitive receptor 62 5 53 5 Guanshan Rd l(PT2 3) Without sensitive receptor 62 5 53 5 Qingling(PT2 4) Without sensitive receptor 62 5 53 5 Zhonghua Rd(PT25) 118 Zhonghua Road residential 61 8 56 5 55 6 55 6 building Transport operational noise Taipinipan(PM 6) 119 Donnitory of Knittg Mil 69 2 63 5 54 5 54 5 is lower than current , itting Mill 69 2 63 5 54 5 1 sittiation of environmental Northern Liji Rd(PT2 7) 120 Grain Industrial College 70 1 67 6 53 7 53 7 noise, the level of 55 1 environmental noise Sanyang Rd(PT2 8) 121 No 8 Wuhan Middle School 66______5 62 6 55 1 maintainis current basically, Yongqing Street(PT2 9) 122 New village 68 4 59 5 58 5 58 5 but it exceeds standard Class I Guqmntai(PT2 10) Without sensitive receptor 67 5 64 5 58 5 58 5 without sensitive receptor, Yuejiazui(PT2 H) Without sensitive receptor 51 5 43 5 58 5 58 5 but it exceeds standard Class I New Qili Village(PT3 1) 123 Taohuadao Residential Area 62 5 48 5 55 6 55 6 Transport operational noise is lower than current situation of environmental noise, the level of Baibuting(PT32) 124 Without sensitive receptor 61 8 51 5 54 5 54 5 environmental noise maintains current basically, but it exceeds standard Class I without sensitive receptor, (PT3 3) Without sensitive receptor 53 5 45 5 54 5 54 5 but it exceeds standard (l1'3 3) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ClassI Transport operational noise is lower than current situation of ervironmental Nanhu Garden(PT3 4) Without sensitive receptor 64 8 59 9 57 5 57 5 nonse, the level of environmenital noise maintains current basically, but it exceeds standard Class I Chenjiadun(PT35) 125 Without sensitive receptor 58 5 58 5 Jiang'anxi station(PT3 6) Without sensitive receptor 55 6 55 6 Gusaoshu(PT3 7) Gusaoshuresidential area 54 1 54 1 Houhu(PT3 8) Without sensitive receptor 55 6 55 6 XiangsangVdilage(PT3 9) Without sensitive receptor 58 4 58 4 Transport operational noise is lower than current situation of environmental Xudong Rd(PT3 10) 126 Tuanjie residential area 65 5 62 5 55 3 55 3 noise, the level of maintains current basically, but it exceeds standard Class I Guanshan(PT3 1) Without sensitive receptor 57 1 57 1 Transport operational noise is higher than current situation of environmental Tieji Village(PT3 12) 127 Tieji residential area 54 5 45 8 58 0 58 0 noise, it exceeds standard Class 1,the level of environmental noise increases Notes I Environmental standard implements standard Class I in GB 3096-93, that is, daytime Leq55dBA, nighttime Leq45dBA 2. There are some blanks in the form; the cause of it is that we have not got detailed design data. 210 Table 7.2-5 shows that, during operation phase the noise at the bus terminals is usually lower than the current level of noise, therefore the noise will remain at the current level, but will exceed the Class I standard. The main cause is other noises around the bus terminals. (1) Analysis of Mitigation Measure Since main cause of environmental noise at the sensitive receptors is that it is induced by other higher environmental noises around the public transport terminal station, this environmental impact assessment considers that the overproof problem of environmental noise at the sensitive receptors around the public transport terminal station can be unified solved by combining the urban planning of Wuhan City. 7.3 Surface Water Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures 7.3.1 General Description of Drainage According to the design documents, this project will construct 13 integrated terminals and 12 regular terminals. These terminals basically are bus parking and bus dispatching facilities. There is no regular repair and maintenance activity at these terminals except minor as needed repair work. Some bus washing will be provided to keep the buses clean. But there are no dorms or living quarters in any of these bus terminals. The wastewater will be primarily from washrooms of the terminals during the day time and a certain amount of bus wash water. The bus terminals constructed by this project are mainly used for parking of public trarisport vehicles, and for cleaning of vehicles and temporary emergency repair. Maintenance and overhaul of buses will be conducted in other dedicated maintenance stations not included in this project. The project bus terminals do not conduct regular maintenance or overhaul. Wastewater from the terminals mainly consists of cleaning effluent and domestic sewage produced by the drivers and terminal staff, and there is no industrial wastewater. In the design, night soil and sanitary sewage will be discharged to on-site septic tanks first and then to the municipal sewers. 7.3.2 Forecast of Water Quality and Water Flow For each terminal, based on the designed parking volume and operation characteristics, and based on the analogue investigation, this assessment forecasts the sewage flow and quality from the bus terminals against relevant standards. Forecasted results of quality of sewage discharged from the terminals are shown in Table 7.3-1; water flow, drainage whereabouts and applicable standards are shown in Table 7.3-1. Table 7.3-1 Forecast Results of Water Quality of Sewage from Bus terminals Pollution source SS (mg/L) BODs(mg/L) COD (mg/L) Oil (mg/L) Cleaning wastewater (including initial rainwater) 50 20 100 10 Domestic sewage 50 70 180 / 211 Table 7.3-2 Water Flow of Sewage from Bus Terminal and Discharge Discharge Executive standard Number volum (m3/d) of sewage discharge - Descriptio of (GB 89781996 _ n operatin Cleanin Domestic Drainage whereabouts Standard of un operatin Cleanin Domestic Comprehensive gvehicle gsewage sewage Discharge of ______Sewage) Wujianshan 230 115 220 Without municipal drainage system, dispersed Class 11 (PT2 1) discharge of sewage, flow into Fuhe River finally ass Yong'antang Without municipal drainage system, dispersed < (PT22) 58115 110 discharge of sewage, flow into Hanjiang River Class I E finally s-v Guanshan'i 22 Discharged into municipal drainage system, sewage vr- G(PTsham3i)u 230 115 220 is collected by Longwangzui Sewage Treatment Class 111 29 (PT2,3) ln UX Discharged into municipal drainage system, Qingling 115 58 110 rainwater and sewage flow into Yangtze River at Classl (PT2 4) present; it is planned that sewage will be collected by proposed Huangjiahu Sewage Treatment Plant Zhonghualu 115 58 110 Discharged into municipal drainage system; sewage Class III (PT2.5) is collected by Erlangmiao Sewage Treatment Pl'ant Discharged into municipal drainage system, Taipingyang 92 46 88 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at Class 11 (P2 6) present, it is planned that sewage will be collected by proposed Hanxi Sewage Treatment Plant Lijibeilu Discharged into municipal drainage system, sewage ibel(PT27) 73 37 70 is collected by Huangpulu Sewage Treatment Plant Class 11 E at present Discharged into municipal drainage system; t Sanyanglu 103 52 99 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at c(PT2 8) present, it is planned that sewage will be collected Class 11 by proposed Sanjintan Sewage Treatment Plant cs Yongqingjie Discharged into municipal drainage system; sewage _i1 (PT2.9) 230 115 220 is collected by Huangpulu Sewage Treatment Plant Class 11 at present Guqintai 230 l 220 Without municipal drainage system, dispersed Class I (PT2 10) discharge of sewage, flow into Yangtze River finally ass Discharged into municipal drainage system, Yuejlazui 230 115 220 rainwater and sewage flow into Yangtze River at Classl (PT2 II) present, it is planned that sewage will be collected I_by proposed Erlangmiao Sewage Treatment Plant Qil.xinqu Without municipal drainage system; dispersed Qil3xinqu 115 58 110 discharge of sewage, flow into Moshuihu Lake Class II 0 P3I ____ finally Discharged into municipal drainage system; . Baibuting 92 46 88 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at c (PT3 2) present, it is planned that sewage will be collected ass ta _ by proposed Sanjintan Sewage Treatment Plant Without municipal drainage system, dispersed c 'PTaoi' 92 46 88 discharge of sewage; flow into Hanjiang River Class I 9 ( _ . finally Nanhuhua uan Discharged into municipal drainage system, sewage NaPT3hu4xuan184 92 177 is collected by Erlangmiao Sewage Treatment Plant Class Ill at present 212 Continued Discharge Executive volume (m3/d) standard of sewage Number discharge (GB Descriptio of 8978-1996 Drainage whereabouts n operatin Standard of g vehicle Cleanin Domesfi Comprehensive g sewage e sewage Discharge of Sewage) Discharged into municipal drainage system; Chenjiadun 230 115 220 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at Class ll (PT3 5) present, it is planned that sewage will be collected by proposed Hanxi Sewage Treatment Plant Discharged into municipal drainage system; liang'anxzhan 115 58 110 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at (FT36) present, it is planned that sewage will be collected Class 11 by proposed Sanjintan Sewage Treatment Plant Discharged into municipal drainage system; Gusaoshu 83 42 80 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at (PT3.7) present, it is planned that sewage will be collected Class 11 by proposed Hanxi Sewage Treatment Plant Discharged into municipal drainage system; .Houhu 115 58 110 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at (PT3.8) present; it is planned that sewage will be collected Class ll by proposed Hanxi Sewage Treatment Plant .iangyangcun Discharged into municipal drainage system, Yjangyangcm 223 112 214 rainwater and sewage flow into Fuhe River at Class ll (MY9) present; it is planned that sewage will be collected by proposed Hanxi Sewage Treatment Plant Discharged into municipal drainage system; Xudonglu 108 54 104 sewage flow into Yangtze River at present, it Is Cl I (PT3. 10) planned that sewage will be collected by proposed ass Erlangmiao Sewage Treatment Plant Guanshan Discharged into municipal drainage system, 167 84 160 sewage is collected by Longwangzui Sewage Class IlIl (PT3. 11) Treatment Plant Tiejicun Discharged into municipal drainage system; Ttejiscun 202 101 193 sewage flow into Yangtze River at present; it is Class I (PT3.12) planned that sewage will be collected by proposed Erlangmiao Sewage Treatment Plant Total 1750 3341 7.3.3 Assessment of Pollution Source Pollution source assessment is conducted based on the forecasted water quality against various standards in GB 8978-1996 "Standard of Comprehensive Discharge of Sewage". The assessment results are shown in Table 7.3-3. 213 Table 7.3-3 Forecast and Assessment Results of Sewage from Bus Terminals Pollution Item SS BODs COD Oil sou rce Forecast value of water quality (mg/L) 50 20 100 10 Standard Class I in GB 8978-1996 70 20 100 5 Cleaning Overproof multiple N N N I 0 wastewater Standard Class 11in GB 8978-1996 wastewater Overproof multiple 150N 30N 150N N10 Standard Class IIl in GB 8978-1996 400 300 500 20 Overproof multiple N N N N Forecast value of water quality (mg/L) 50 70 180 / Standard Class I in GB 8978-1996 70 20 100 5 Domestic Overproof multiple N 2 5 0 8 Standard Class 11 in GB 8978-1996 150 30 150 sewvage Overproof multiple N 1.3 0 2 10 Standard Class ItI in GB 8978-1996 400 300 500 20 Overproof multiple N N N / Note N stands for it does not exceed the standard Table 7.3-3 shows that, if sewage is not treated, the oil will exceed Class I standard, while the concentrations of other pollutants can meet Class I standard; water quality of domestic sewage will exceed Class I standard, the excess multiples of BOD5 and COD are 2.5 and 1.3 respectively; water quality of domestic sewage will meet Class II standard basically, and it will meet the requirements of Class III discharge standard all the time Domestic sewage from Wuhan district is discharged directly into water body at present. The domestic sewage volume from the public transport terminals and head-end stations of this project is very small, accounting for minor fraction of the total sewage volume from Wuhan city, so it will not cause serious impact on water quality in the sewage. By the year of 2005, Wuhan City will gradually construct 7 urban sewage treatment plants in Luobuzui. Huangjiahu, Sanjintan, Miaoshan, Nantaizihu, Hanxi and Huangjiadawan respectively. Sewage produced by the public transport terminals and head-end stations of this project will flows into the urban sewage treatment plant together with urban sewage, to be treated in these plants. It is suggested that domestic sewage in the public transport terminals and head-end stations of this project shall be discharged directly into the urban sewerage. With the completion of urban sewage treatment plant, it will be collected to the urban sewage treatment plant for treatment. Pollutant load from public transport terminals and head-end station are shown in Table 7.3-4. Table 7.3-4 Statistics of pollutant load from Bus Terminals Publictransport terminals and Wastewater volume Pollutant load (t/a) head-end stations (m3/d) COD Oil Total 5091 283.4 6 4 7.3.4 Sewage Treatment Measures and Suggestion In the wastewater produced by cleaning operation of the public transport terminals and head-end stations, the oil exceeds Class I standard, the concentrations of other pollutants can 214 meet any Class I standard; water quality of domestic sewage exceeds Class I standard, while it meets Class II discharge standard basically, and it meets the requirements of Class III discharge standard all the time. This assessment suggests that it shall collect the cleaning sewage from some publictransport stations where the water quality meets the Class I standard in GB 8978-1996 "Standard of Comprehensive Discharge of Sewage", these stations include Yong'antang Foreign Terminal, Qingling Foreign Terminal, Guqintai Terminal, Yujiazui Terminal, Erqiaoxiqu Head-end Station, Xudonglu Head-end Station and Tiejicun Head-end Station. The collected sewage shall be discharge after being treated by oil-water separating treatment facility. In light of current situation of local domestic sewage discharge, the volume of domestic sewage after the completion of this project will be less. Directly discharging domestic sewage into water bodies or the urban sewage will not cause change of water quality in the sewage, and its finial impact on the receiving water body is minute. This assessment considers that the designed domestic sewage treatment deepness is in accordance with the urban drainage planrning, and it is economical and feasible. 7.4 Measures of treating or disposing solid waste To prevent solid waste from impacting the environment, precautions or countermeasures as follows shall be taken. 1) Entering into agreement with each subcontractor specifying how and where to treat the construction refuse by high standard and supervising his or her execution. 2) Providing enclosure and retaining wall when removing the old houses and handing over the removed construction materials to certain recycle authority for treating. 3) When forwarding the construction refuse and earthwork, covering them with certain cloth to avoid scattering along the road. 4) Assigning fulltime personnel to control the waste or refuse treatment site and compost it. 5) Making sure the treatment system can withstand pouring and dissolving of rainwater or underground water. 6) Placing household waste produced by the constructors collectively to be treated by environment protectors. 7) As for treatment of all solid waste from the project located in city proper, besides what mentioned above, watering the section on which conveying vehicles often run so as to prevent the dust impacting the environment. 7.5 Analysis on Risk of Ges Station 7.5.1 Analysis on gas station risk Environmental impact offire and blasting at oil depot and gas station 215 Oil depot and gas station are top-grade fireproofing units, burning or blasting of oil depot will lead to grave consequence causing personnel casualty and property loss. Moreover leakage and burning of lots of oil will severely pollute air, surface water and soil, especially the pollution on surface water and soil will last quite a long period, all lives growing in the polluted water and soil will die. And rehabilitation or recovery shall take scores or even hundreds of years. Practice in Wuhan City indicates that as the good implementation of fireproofing there has been no accident of fire or blasting at oil depot and gas station for years. While such dangers still exist, what's more, the project is located too close to residential quarters. Thus the developer shall attach prime importance on flame-proofing and fireproofing of oil reserving facilities, implement all fireproofing rules and measures according the FireproofingLaw and ensure there is no fire disaster happened at oil depot and gas station. Environmental impact of oil tank accidental leakage Accidental leakage of oil reserving facility refers to that leaking of petroleum caused by natural disasters such as earthquake, flood and landslide or other non-artificial factors. It is hard to estimate the consequence of pollution caused by natural factors, and the worst consequence is that all petroleum enters into the environment and cause destructive pollution to the rivers, soil and creatures. Typically such pollution will lead to grave consequence with wide extension and large area. It takes long to recover them completely. The optimum choice controlling pollution of oil depot and gas station caused by natural disaster is to take precautionary measures: firstly to attach full importance to the process of site selection, design and construction. For instance, the site far away from the river shall be selected so as to reduce the potential impact of flood; and secondly to perform reconnaissance on geologic structure, avoiding building oil depot on rupture section, and for normal operation of oil depot and gas station embedding oil tank and pipe laying without leakage under natural disaster. Accident control measures of gas station Accident precautions of reserving system Flameproofing: on the top of oil tank flammable-proofing equipment such as safety membrane, flammable-proofing monitoring systems and alarming system as well as fireproofing system shall be established. Preventing oil from overflowing and diffusing: the drain valve and drain pipe and materials against oil infiltrating and diffusing for oil depot shall be provided by high standard according to design specification, and special system for treating oily wastewater as well as auto safeguard facilities for switching valve shall be provided. Antistatic: Oil tank transporting vehicle shall be provided with antistatic and run at appropriate speed and the oil tank equipment shall be well grounded and permanent-grounding devices shall be provided. 216 Control of oil tank storing zone: all pumping tanks shall be in accordance with Specification of China on Pressure Vessel and liquid-level meter, pressure gauge, thermometer, fire extinguisher and relief valve and the like shall be provided completely. Within the zone reserving tanks for flammable and combustible liquor and combustible gas, there shall be no pipe and cable concerning tanks passing through. Drainpipe for fireproofing in tank zone shall be provided with corresponding oil separation tank and watertight well. And cutoff valve shall be provided on the exit pipe or the exit shall be blocked with soil in case of no drainage. Thunder-proof and antistatic grounding system for oil tanks shall be provided in accordance with Oil Depot Design Specification (GBJ74) Around the sensitive point, in consideration of people's health and security of life and property, the gas station shall be located far away from residential quarters, schools and hospitals. After the project is put into operation, sufficient buffer zone shall be considered when locating the gas station on both sides of the road. According to Design Specification Small Oil Depot and Automobile Gas Station, safety distance to the important public buildings shall be 50m, that to civil buildings of Grade IV Fireproofing shall be 20m, and a fireproof and flameproof wall 2.2m high or above shall be built on the side of the gas station closer to the building, safety distance to open flame and sparkle shall be 30m. At the gas station caution plates of "no smoking" shall be provided. It is necessary to stop oil filling at high temperature, fulminating and lightning strike. Daily operation shall be executed by high standard according to relevant specification so as to avoid oil leakage, fire, and blasting and safeguard inhabitants around. Oil depot and gas station are top-grade fireproofing units, burning or blasting of oil depot will lead to grave consequence causing personnel casualty and property loss, moreover leakage and burning of lots of finished oil will severely pollute air, surface water and soil, especially the pollution on surface water and soil will last quite a long period, all lives growing in the polluted waters and soil will die. And rehabilitation or recovery shall take scores or even hundreds of years. Thanks to better implementation of fireproofing there has been no accident of fire or blasting at oil depot and gas station for years, while such dangers still exist, what's more, the project is located much closer to residential quarters. Thus the developer shall attach prime importance on flame-proofing and fireproofing of oil reserving facilities, implement all fireproofing rules and measures according the FireproofingLaw and ensure there is no fire disaster happened at oil depot and gas station. 217 8. Resettlement 8.1 Resettlement Scope The social economy survey conducted during preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for this project provided a comprehensive background of the areas to be impacted by the project and basis to determine the scope of the resettlement. This survey follows the World Bank safeguard policies on Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) as well as relevant state or local government regulations and policies. The survey results provide the information for preparing the RAP, at the same time will reference for carry monitoring a monitoring independently in the future during project implementation. The scope of the resettlement, based on the survey result, is presented in Table 8-1. According to this table, the project will span across eight districts in Wuhan, including 125 neighbourhood communities or villages. Table 8-1 also shows that the total relocated and resettled units will be 3061, including 2699 families/households, 301 enterprises and 1 village. The total affected population of will be 11,919 and the permanent land occupation will be 214.4 ha. The project will also need to demolish and relocate residential buildings totalling 284,391 m 22and industrial and commercial buildings totalling 303,919 m2. According to OP4.12, the most sensitive people in resettlement must to be paid the special attention; these include elderly, women, children, ethnic minorities and urban population who live below the poverty line. The government plans to offer special helps and support to these fragile or otherwise disadvantaged population during the resettlement. Basic of the survey, the population in the disadvantaged categories to be affected by the project are as follows: N Elder people of no family support: 16 people between 60-64 years old, 26 between 65-70, 44 between 70-80 and 15 above 80 years old; A Families headed by a women: 9 At Families with no labour or income earners: 13 AC Families with no labour or income earner and having children under 14 years old or elderly above 65 years old: 9 3R Average living space below 5 m2 and average income under the minimum living standards; AX Residents of ethnic minority: none 8.2 Policy Framework and Compensation Standards 8.2.1 Policies and regulations related to resettlement. The main policies and regulations applied to the resettlement in this project include the following: 218 Policies and regulations of state government X Land Management law of the People's Republic of China (issued in January, 1999) X Implementing regulations of Land Management of the People's Republic of China (issued in February, 1999) AR DetailedRules and regulationsof Urban Households resettlement Management (issued in 13th June, 2001) Policies and regulations of Hubei Government AX Implementing Method of Land Management in Hubei (issued in 22nd Mar, 1999) X EJFDZ (1995) No.44 Notice of collecting the land management expense issued by Hubei Price Bureau and Hubei Finance Government X No.84 Implementing Method of Land reclaiming issued by Hubei Government X No.182 Management Method of the collection of Water conservancy funds in Hubei issued by Hubei Government Policies and regulations of Wuhan Government X Methods of Compensationfor the State construction land expropriation in Wuhan issued in 30th Mar 1994. X Urban Households Resettlement Management Regulations in Wuhan issued in Mar 2002. AX WZ (1994) No.30 Policy of the collectionfor the developingfounds of the new vegetable garden issued in 14th Apr 1994. AX Implementing Method of the collection of tax for cultivated land issued in l8th Sep, 1987 AR WZC (1994) No.002 Compensation Standards of Fry and other establishments XC WJF (2002) NO. 75 Notice of Compensation Standards in Resettlement 8.3 Resettlement Methodology Resettlement will be carried out with a well-structured approach and following an effective methodology. The key elements in this approach include: Establishment of Resettlement Organizations A Resettlement Office for the project will be established to oversee the overall resettlement activities, including scope determination, site surveys, policies and compensation standards setting, monitoring and evaluation, consultant engagement, and actual implementation of various resettlement work. As the project will cover a very large area in virtually all urban districts of Wuhan, branch offices will also be established under the Resettlement Office, to be responsible for district resettlement work.. Socio-economic survey The socio-economic survey is very important to understand the socio-economic baseline of the impacted as well as to determine the scope and extent of resettlement. The survey is also 219 be a basis to determine the compensation budget. The mainly contents of the survey are as follows: AR Prepare the PlanningReport of Social Economy Survey and a questionnaire to be used in the survey, by the Resettlement Office and Wuhan University Resettlement Centre;. AX Conduct the training of investigators and surveyors; AR Road Map supplied from the reconnaissance department and the resettlement scope be confirmed X Conduct a door to door survey for affected people within the scope of the resettlement 3X Data analysis. Preparation of RAP A RAP is then prepared based on the results of socio-economic survey. This document is the main guide for implementing land acquisition, relocation and resettlement and compensation. The main contents of RAP are to: 3A Establish the resettlement policies of this project 3C Classifies the impact situations according to the survey AX Establish the resettlement methods according to the classified situation 3A Summarize Cost and Budget of the project according to the resettlement methods and schedule X Collect the suggestions of the public and related departments for the RAP. At same time, listen to the opinions from the resettlement experts and to revise, complement and perfect the RAP. X Provide information and reference for evaluation and monitoring by the World Bank. Resettlement Compensation Compensation will be provided to the following affected entities: X Residential households X Enterprises and commercial establishments X Institutions Ac Land acquisition X Other items, including utilities, urban infrastructures, and other properties, occupied by the or otherwise damaged by the project. Compensation Contracts with the affected people are signed according to the resettlement policies and negotiation with the affected people, if needed. The compensation will be in the form of cash and replacement of buildings and properties. Where replacement is required by compensation, buildings will be built for relocated people. Replacement buildings and communities will be carefully selected and constructed. To the extent possible, the affected residents will be given choices on where relocated and what types of buildings to move into. The resettlement communities have been given full considerations to environmental protection and landscape, and supporting facilities including services, commercial facilities and other conveniences. The surrounding environment of the communities is well planned and transportation convenience in the new communities will be provided. The standards of the resident's living, working, studying, medical services, nursery and outing all same as before or better. Public Consultation Public consultation will be conducted to ensure the affected public will understand process and can voice their concerns and opinions. Public consultation will include the following: 220 X The local news media are used to present project background, the resettlement policies and resettlement and compensation procedures, and to improve the transparency of the project. X A public survey is conducted to understand Social Economy and Living Standard of the public, as well as the public wills, opinions, concerns, and suggestions about the resettlement policies and procedures; X Public meetings are held in project affected especially heavy resettlement areas to further and directly learn the public opinions on resettlement. X When compensation agreements are signed, further consultation will be conducted to ensure that the affected public are satisfied with resettlement arrangements. 8.4 Impacts of Resettlement The impacts of the resettlement is mixed, both positive and negative. In many of the resettled areas, such as the Lugouqiao area, the residents' living conditions are extremely poor. These are the very old housing, extremely crowded, with virtually very municipal services. Typically there is no tap water or toilets in individual houses and some of the areas do even have sewer connection and the municipal wastewater is in open ditches. In other areas the housing conditions are so poor they may not be safe to live in. The residents from these houses will be relocated and resettled either through cash compensation in which case they can choice any new areas to live as-they wish or housing compensation in which case they will be moved to new housing prepared by the government. As described above, the new housing for resettled residents are typically multi-stories buildings with modem design which includes tap water, in apartment washroom and other convenience. Furthermore, the new areas are located in much open space with well designed landscape, quieter environment and fresher air. Such relocations for many of the residents represent a significant improvement of living conditions and quality of life. It is in this sense that the resettlement will bring the affected residents positive impacts in their life. However, the new resettled areas are typically in the suburb. While the areas will have all the services and convenience, it still differs from the downtown living. Many residents have probably lived downtown or urban centers for years and even generations and have used to the lifestyle characterized by all the convenience, the closeness, and simple and quick access to all the services and facilities. People will have to leave such environment and try to get used to the new environment and new neighborhood, not necessarily by choice. In addition, the moving and relocation itself will be interruption of daily normal life and may cause inconvenience to the residents. These adverse impacts will occur during the project. The PMO is prepared to handle it through regular consultation, providing necessary support to those who need helps and;to accommodate the demands to the extent allowed by the resettlement policies and procedures. 8.5 Resettlement Costs and Budget The resettlement and land acquisition cost is included in the general budget of this project. 221 According to the current price, the total cost of land expropriation and resettlement is RMB239,422,640. The cost project i's 81vided into Land Compehsation, House Compensation, Utility Compensation, House-moving Compensation, Clearing fee and Other Costs. The cost of resettlement and compensation is presented in Table 8-2. 222 Table 8-1 Statistics of the Social Economy Survey Results Expropriation of House Resettlement Enterprises Number of Household Collectively-Owned Area (M) Resettlement area Area total NO. Name People Land A Residents Enterprises villages Total Ha Area with REAWILL Sum M2 M2 Household Cards BuILT Mid-loop-line I North section ofthe Mid-loop-line(Ertou 142 4 12 158 737 73.67 26521 0 26521 11214 99 37735 99 village-Wuhan to Enshi Highway) _ 2 East section of the Mid-loop-line (Guanshay 70 6 4 80 463 45 16007.81 No.2 road-Old Wuhan to Huangpi Highway)_ 1821.78 17829 5 2000 19829 59 Inner-loop-line 0 0 3 Zhongshan Avenue to the circle road of the 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Second Bridge of Changjiang River _ 4 Pedestrian overbridge of the Hongkong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Road _ 5 Pedestrian overbridge of the three arterial 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 highways of Wuqing _ 6 Pedestrian overbridge of Fujiapo 0 4 0 4 0 0 215 0 215 2339.12 2554 12 Radioactive rays _ 7 Qinghua Road (Eastlake Road-No.21 48 l l 5 64 706 18.07 7543.9 3922 11465 9 1740.8 13206.7 Highways) 4 5 8 Huangpu Road (Fazhan 6 4 5 15 149 5.34 896.77 198.62 1095 39 6149 1 7244 49 Avenue-Mid-loop-line) _ 9 Pedestrian overbridge of fence 50 9 0 59 300 0 3848.75 772 4620.75 25836.63 30457.38 10 Pedestrian overbridge of Guocikou 4 9 1 14 69 2 8 292 24 3003 65 3295 89 12967.9 16263 79 Total 0 0 11 Hongkong Road (Jianshe Avenue 183 33 0 216 665 0 16043.84 2087.69 18131.53 26953.2 45084.73 _ -Xinhuaxia Road )_ 12 Jianshe Avenue (Huangxiaohe Road - 694 48 3 745 2285 1 8 54065 98 1018.8 55084 7 42103.69 97188 47 Science and Technology Center) I I 223 continuded Expropriation Numnber of lhousehold of lhouse Resettlement Enterprises Area total NO. Name People Collectively-01u Area (Ntt) Resettlement areA ned Land__ ___ Residen Eterrie Collectivity TestalntsCollectivity Household Enterprises villages Total Ha Residents Enterprises villes 13 Youyi Road (Zhongshan Avenue-Jianfang Avenue) 179 22 0 201 482 0 11322 85 0 11322 85 8229 73 19552 58 14 Pedestrian overbridge ofNanniwan (Pass the Railway 15 2 1 18 95 1 26 2156 47 786.46 2942 93 841.29 3784 22 from Changfeng Avenue) 15 Houhu Road (Huangpu Road-JiefangAvenue) 18 3 6 27 106 13 48 4912 43 2145 8 7058 23 3114 26 10172.49 16 Zhongshan Avenue(Lugou Bridge Road- Huangpu Road) 277 19 0 296 1041 0 13060.84 3013.96 16074 8 9429.28 25504 08 17 The second Road of Hanxi (Changfeng Avenue-Jiangshe 73 7 3 83 737 371 756408 2361.36 992544 9715 19640.44 Avenue) 7877 0.296 18 Yanhe Avenue (Jianghan Bridge- Gutian Road) 47 0 0 47 440 0 4189 86 1207.53 5397.39 8832 46 14229.85 19 Gongye Avenue (the third arterial highways of Wuqing 25 4 34 205 1349 340908 152258 493166 1109 66 604132 -Qinghua Road) 25 4 52199 1 5 36004 20 Fuxin Road (Pengliuyang Road-Highways of Wuhan to 225 7 0 232 787 0 12435.71 2183 26 14618 97 6143 2 20762 17 Xianning) 21 South way ofLuoshi (Haogou-Mid-loop-line) 2 5 1 8 0 2 46 513 72 60 573 72 2476 92 3050 64 22 North way ofZhongbei Road(the fourth arterial highway 33 8 2 43 162 5 43 3448 93 5585.4 9034 33 16144 3 25178 63 of Wuging--Eastlake) _ 23 Qingyuan Road (Heping Avenue-Zhongbei Road 19 7 2 28 1 1 13 2027.86 905 13 2932.99 19342 7 22275.69 24 Jiangshui Road (Zhongshan Road-Fuxing Road) 136 4 0 140 414 0 7773.49 5488 98 13262.47 2997 3 16259.77 25 Shipatling Road (Chuxiong Avenue-Jishan Road)) 0 0 1 1 0 4 83 0 0 0 0 0 26 Jishan Road (Highway from Wuhan to Xianning- 64 0 0 64 205 0 8797.66 2968.71 1176637 0 11766 37 26 Shipalling Road) 4 I I 4 I I I 8 27 Meizi Road (Qingtai Road-Hanyang Avenue) 53 13 1 67 182 1 27 3680 12 719 27 4399 39 16400 44 20799 83 224 Continuded Expropriation of House Resettlement Enterprises Number of Household PolCollectively-Owned Ae M Resettlement Area total NO. Name People Land Area (M area Residents Collectivity Residents Eollectivit Household Enterprises villages Total Ha Household Enterprises villages 28 Sixin Avenue (Shisheng Road-Yingwu 85 3 4 92 324 15 9 Avenue) 8467.88 3055 43 11523 31 13981 7 25505.01 29 Qingtai Road (the second bridge of 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hanjiang river-Shuixian Road) 0 0 0 0 0 30 Maying Road (Mid way of Jiangdi 35 9 4 48 321 4.36 3741 19 Road-Yingwu Avenue) . 249.46 3990 65 5226.21 9216.86 31 No I Taibei Road (Yunling Street-Sanyang 106 29 0 135 417 0 2619 98 356.67 2976 65 3162.14 6138 79 Road) _ 32 Hanxi Road (Jiefang Avenue-Yanhe 13 0 0 13 80 0 1411 442 2 1853 2 6266 6 8119.8 Avenue) I_ _ 33 Lugouqiao Road (JiefangAvenue- Yanhe 61 14 0 75 209 0 2451 97 1690 4141 97 20769 24910.97 Avenue) _ East way of ziyang Road (Zhongshan 34 Road-Saihu Road) 36 16 1 53 337 0 42 4401.07 3002 37 7403 44 17042 93 24446 37 East way of ziyang Road (Dingziqiao Road-Shipailing Road) Total Mid-loop-line 1 Underpass of Wuhan Plaze 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1388.5 1388.5 2 Jinghan Avenue-Pedestrian overbridge of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wusheng Road) 0 3 Pedestrian overbridge of Xinhua Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Palaestra 4 Pedestrian overbridge of Duofu Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ Crossing in Zhongshan Avenue . 5 Pedestrian overbridge of East way of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Qingnian Road inJianshe Avenue I I . I 0 225 continuded Expropriation of House Resettlement Enterprises Number of Household People Collectively-Owned Area (M) Resettlement Area total NO. Name Land area Residents . Collectivit Total Ha Residents . ollectivity Household Enterprises villages Total Household villages 6 Pedestrian overbridge of Shuili Crossing in Qingnian Road 7 Pedestrian overbridge of Wuzhong Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Pedestrian overbridge of Chuangchunguan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 street _ 9 Shuiguohu Underpass of Zhongbei Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Huashida Pedestrian overbridge of Luoshi 10 Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 II Wenhuagong Pedestrian overbridge 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Pedestrian overbridge of Meiguiyuan Street 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 underpass and 9 pedestrian overbridge 0 Total 2699 301 61 3061 11919 214.4 233821 50569 284391 303919 588310 226 9. Public Consultation Public consultation is an integral part of the environmental assessment for major infrastructure projects including those financed by the World Bank. Its principle is consultation with the NGOs, general public and particularly the public which will be affected by the projects. Public consultation is an important part of EIA and an important channel to identify public concerns. As such it would help evaluate engineering designs, develop mitigation measure and obtain public consent and support to the project. 9.1 Purposes The overall objective of the public consultation is to learn and understand the opinions and concerns of the public about the project, particularly from those to be directly impacted by the project construction and operation. On this basis, these concerns can be addressed properly during project planning, alternatives selection, engineering design and mitigation measures development. More specifically, the public consultation is to: AX Provide a description of the potential impact, mitigation measures already designed and the residual impact to the residents, institutions and organizations that would be impacted by the implementation of the project; AX Conduct on-site surveys, interviews and public meetings/hearings to obtain public opinions and concerns about the project, particularly on concerns on direct impacts to their life; X Improve the decision making process which may impact to the environment; X Give the chance to the public for them to express and hear the suggestions of the project; AR Improve the public acceptability of the various kind of mitigation measure; X Intercede the public's different suggestions or conflicts on the environmental questions and dispel the resistance which to the implementation planning of the government; X Confirm the rationality and legitimacy of the government decisions; X Meet various kinds of legal requests of citizen; make the exchange of suggestions between citizen and the government; and XC Understand the main problems which citizen pay attention and their values; 9.2 Approach and Methodology There were three rounds of the public consultation. The first round of public consultation was conducted at the stage when the EA's terms of reference (TOR) were prepared. The purposes of the first round of public consultation were to provide the concerned public a project description and explain the potential impacts of the project to the environment and the communities. The second round of public consultation was conducted after the draft EA report was prepared. The purposes of the second round of public consultation were to explain the levels of the impacts and conclusions of the impact assessment. In particular, the second 227 round of public consultation was to explain to the public how the significant impacts including all those raised from the first round of the public consultation were to be addressed. This round of the public consultation was to determine whether the residual impacts would be acceptable to the concerned public following the implementation of the mitigation measures. The third round of the public consultation was conducted following the initial review of the draft EA report. The objective was to consult wider public for their opinions, comments and suggestions, particularly those public members who will be affected most (e.g., areas of possible night time construction) and those pulbic members who have substantial concerns over potential impacts of project construction and operation. This round of public consultation was to supplement the first two rounds of public consultation to reach a larger number of public members in wider project areas so that to help decision making and for EA team to design effective mitigation measures. According to the requirements of the World Bank OP4.01 and State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA), consultations were conducted with affected residents, schools, kindergartens, enterprises, hospitals, restaurants, institutions and service sectors along the roads of the project, as well as the general public in the city. More specifically, the public consultation was conducted through (more specific information about these methodologies such as dates, locations, scales, etc., will be provided in later sections): AC Hotline telephones: Establishment of Hotlines telephones in the World Bank Project Office and the environmental assessment team. AX Public meetings: The environment assessment staff held the public meeting participated by representatives from the National People's Congress and CPPCC of 7 areas in Wuhan. Held the meeting at the meeting room on the 3rd floor in the Municipal designing institute. AX On-site survey: The time and place of the meeting were published in newspapers such as Yangzi Paper and Wuhan Evening Post ahead of time. The place should be selected in the representative district and the public place. A Sites visits and public opinion questionnaire questionnaires: Survey questionnaires were distributed during the site visits. The site visits and survey questionnaires were conducted covering all the road sections of the project. 9.3 Results of First Round Public Participation 9.3.1 Public Meeting On September 4,2002, the EA team conducted a consultation meeting in the meeting room of World Bank Project Management Office (PMO), participated by representatives from the areas around the project roads. The total of 17 representatives from the National People's Congress in Wuhan, CPPCC in Wuhan and Young Volunteer's Association, which is a NGO, of Hongshan district, Qingshan district, Jianghan district, Jiangan district, Qiaokou district, Hanyang district and Wuchang district. 228 The topic discuss in the meeting include: AX Which impact do you think the construction of the project will be produced to the environment and social development? 3A What should the project be pay attention to in the environmental protection during the construction phase and operation phase? AR What suggestions to the mitigation measures? A Any suggestions and requirements for the projects? AX Support or Object of the Project? XC Public Opinions as they know. The PMO and the EA team introduced the project contents, planned construction schedule, anticipated adverse environmental and community impacts, resettlement policies to the meeting with emphasis on the potential impact and mitigation measures. The meeting went well and the meeting participants were actively involved in the discussion. The opinions raised during the meetings were collected as follows: At The representatives showed their understanding of positive impacts of the project to the city's traffic system and social development, and expressed their support to the project. X The representatives were satisfied with relevant proposed mitigation measures in the construction phase and the operation phase. Xc The representatives held the point of view that it was necessary to layout planning and implement step by step, with emphasis on the management of the construction phase and the government management, AX Construction should be well organized and carried out to protect lake, greenery space and the communities. 9.3.2 Public meetings Three public meetings were carried out around the project area. The locations and time of these meetings are: A Changqing community garden at 7 pm on September 6, 2002 by the EA team and Changqing committee, attended by several hundreds of men, women and teenagers; the meeting lasted about 2 hours. X Plaza of Heping Garden from 9.00-11.00 am on September 7, 2002 by the EA team and the management department of Heping Garden, attended by about 60 people; the meeting lasted for 2 hours; and AX Baibuting community at 3 pm on September 7, 2002 by the EA team, attended by about 100 local residents; the meeting lasted for 2 hours. The public meeting was well supported by the local Neighborhood Committee which helped organize the meeting. As many of the participants had been well informed of this meeting ahead of the time, they came prepared with questions, concerns and suggestions collected from their neighbors, friends and 229 colleagues. The above public meetings all went well. Many districts residents were actively involved in the meetings and raised their comments and opinions on various issues about the project. 9.3.2.1 Main contents of the meetings During these meetings, the PMO introduced the project contents and the EA team explained anticipated potential impact. Following the presentations, the public opinions were collected. 9.3.2.2 Results of the meetings The main concern and opinions raised during the meeting are: X Nearly everybody ask the question about environmental protection during project; X The traffic and traffic management are a concern in Wuhan. For example, light rail construction, interchanges, pedestrian passes are not enough and the height of 4.3 m of underpass of the Hongshan Plaza is not high enough; AC Lack of consideration of bicycles and pedestrians pass through in lots of roads; AX Dedicated bus lanes in the traffic system; A not enough greens on both side of the road, for example, Jiefang Avenue and Wuluo Road; X Motor vehicle emissions and air quality is not up to the standars AX More buses. AR Concerns of dust and noise during the construction phase; X Should build more underpasses; X The traffic lights should show second; AC All participants showed their understanding of and support to the project; AR Better co-ordination between the government departments and agencies during construction; AR Strengthen the pollution control for noise, dust and waste water. X Increased traffic noise, especially from vehicle horning; X Should built a pedestrian bridge at the crossing of Danshuichi Street; X Pedestrians safety. 9.3.3 Random questionnaire survey 9.3.3.1 Survey Time From September 13 to 20. 2002, the kEA distributed the Wuhan urban Traffic Project Survey Questionnairesin 7 areas in Wuhan randomly. In total, 1200 copies of the questionnaires were handed out and 1135 completed copies returned. 9.3.3.2 Survey Questionnaires Contents Survey Questionnaires mainly includes the traffic situation, the environmental problern and the mitigate measures etc. The questionnaire is presented in Table presented at the end of this 230 chapter. 9.3.3.3 Survey Questionnaires Results The EA team received a total of 1135 copies of completed public opinion survey questionnaire. The results were classified and analysed as follows: Participants X Sex Composition: Male 614 or 54%; Female 521 or 46% AX Age: 20-50, 827 or 73%, older than 40, 27% X Occupation: career people: 29%; small business owners and employees: 30% and others: 31% At Education: college or above: 59% and below college: 41% X Area: seven different districts to be impacted by the project. The results of questionnairesurvey AX Among them 956 survey questionnaires thought the traffics in Wuhan is well and need to improve, which made up 84.2% of all retumed forms,. AX Among them 87.4% of people who responded to the survey questionnaires thought the traffic in Wuhan need unified planning. AX Most of survey questionnaires thought the main environmental issues caused from noise and vibration and should pay more attention to relevant mitigation measures. AX Among them over 90% survey questionnaires supported the resettlement. X Among them over 80% survey questionnaires thought relevant mitigation measures for the air pollution must be adopted. X Among them over 94% survey questionnaires thought road broadening and greenbelt must be made. X Among them over 94% survey questionnaires thought the mitigation measure are effectual. X Most survey questionnaires thought the project can beautify the appearance of the city and also can make the development for the urban traffic and economy. 9.3.4 Information Disclosure 9.3.4.1 News Media The EA team invited a reporter from Wuhan Evening Post on September 4, 2002 to participate in the public consultation program for the day. The report was introduced of the project contents, development, the environmental assessment contents and the meaning and contents of the public consultation. Wuhan Evening Post, which is the most popular newspaper in Wuhan and oriented towards local news and with a circulation of above 500,000 per day. The Wuhan evening post dated September 9,2002 reported this on the public meetings and published the time and location of EA TOR, as well as the hotline number and Email address 231 of the EA team. A copy of the advertisement/public notice is presented in this report. On September 6, 2002 a reporter from ChangliangNewspaper (another main news media in Wuhan) consulted the project contents and the public consultation activities. Changjiang Newspaper on September 7,2002 reported the public meetings on the front page. A reporter from the Wuhan Music Radio, a popular local radio station, attended the public meeting on September 9, 2002 and subsequently reported the meeting in its news program. China Environmental Newspaper reported a public meeting on its September 20,2002 issue. At same day Central People's Broadcasting Station reported this meeting in the News and newspaper summary program. 9.3.4.2 Hotlines About 50 phone calls from the public were received and most of them supported the project. 9.4 Second Round of Public Consultation The second round of public consultation was conducted when a draft EIA was preapred (the last ten days of December 2002). The second round of public consultation was conducted through survey meetings and on-site surveys. 9.4.1 On-site meetings An on-site public meeting was conducted at the Gate of ZhongShang Market at 10 pm on December 28, 2002 by the EA team. About 100 person participated in the meeting in which the they raised their comments and opinions about the findings of the environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures proposed, as well as other issues of the project. The meeting lasted about 1.5 hours. On same day another public meeting was held at the plaza of Xibeihu Lake Garden at 3 pm which lasted about 1.5 hours. About 80 persons participated in the meeting and raised their comments and opinions on EA findings and mitigation measures. The PMO introduced the project contents during the public meetings and the EA team explained the main results of environmental impact assessment and mitigation measures already proposed and included in the EA report. The main opinions raised during these meetings are: Ag Want to know more details of the project EA results as well as the project itself. especially any components in the Qingshan area; X The participators reflected some problems of the traffic construction and environment. such as: has traffic jam at Zhongnan road. Zhongbei road and Xudong road; virescence not enough; the vehicle emission not up to the standards; the traffic lights not show the second and delay the traffic instead: manage improperly of traffic etc. 232 X The greenbelt should be broaden and more tree be planted; reduce dusting and noise during the construction phase; more underpass must be built; the special passway of the bus must be built; the traffic lights should show the second. AX At same time most participators showed their understanding and supports to the project and thought the project can beautify the appearance of the city and also can make the development for the urban traffic and economy. X The situation was serious that traffic blocks up at the crossroad of Qushui Road and Xinhuaxia Road, should solve as soon as possible; pay attention to the coordination with interdepartmental function; strength the management of traffic; strength the control of the pollution of noise, dusting and wastewater. 9.4.2 Survey Questionnaires at random From December 26, 2002 to January 3, 2003, the EA team distributed the Wuhan urban Transport Project Environmental Questionnaires in 7 areas in Wuhan at random. The questionnaires includes mainly basic project information, environmental assessment results and mitigate measures proposed. In total, 1000 copies of the questionnaires were distributed and 947 completed copies were returned, the results were classified and analysed as follows: Participants AC Sex Composition: Male: total 498 for 54%; Female: total 449 for 46% AX Age Composition: 20-50, 731 for 73%, older than 50, 27% AX Occupation: Career people: 31%, business owners and employees, 30%, others: 29% AX Education: college or above: 60%, below college: 40% AR Areas: from seven urban districts The results of questionnairesurvey X Among them 842 survey questionnaires thought the traffics in Wuhan is well and need to improve, which made up 89% of all returned forms,. X Among them 85.6% survey questionnaires thought the traffic in Wuhan need unified planning. X Most of survey questionnaires thought the main environmental issues caused from noise and vibration and should pay more attention to relevant mitigation measures. A Among them 90% survey questionnaires thought the implementation of the project will bring some inconvenience for travelling. A Among them over 90% survey questionnaires supported the resettlement. St Among them over 80% survey questionnaires thought relevant mitigation measures for the air pollution must be adopted. X Among them over 93% survey questionnaires thought road broadening and greenbelt must be made. 233 AX Among them over 95% survey questionnaires thought the mitigation measure are effectual. A Most survey questionnaires thought the project can beautify the appearance of the city and also can make the development for the urban traffic and economy. 9.4.3 Information Disclosure Wuhan Evening Post reported the public meeting on December 20, 2002. In addition, Wuhan and Hubei TV stations reported the public meetings in prime time news on December 28 and 29, 2002. The Wuhan Environmental Newspaper has reported the public meeting in January 2003. 9.5 Responses to Public Concerns For public concerns raised in the two rounds of consultation including public meetings, consultation meetings, and public opinion questionnaire, the EA team, together with the PMO has provided response either directly at the time of consultation or later included in the EIA and EMP. The main such responses are: AR Regarding the lack of information on the project, the PMO and the EA team will further enhance the effort of public disclosure. Project EA documentation will be released in public places such as city libraries and other publicly accessible places for public review. In addition, such disclosure will be advertised in local media such as major newspaper so that residents will have the knowledge as to when and where to find these documents and other project informnation. The public information hotline and website will continue to provide different forms of public information sources. AR Regarding urban road planning, the PMO will take the public concern into considerations when developing the Wuhan transport strategy. In particular, the strategy will give sufficient considerations to needs of pedestrians, bicycles and public transport. The PMO will further convey the public comments concerning the transport planning to the Planning Bureau and senior government agencies, X Regarding lost of trees and green areas to the project, the EA team will include in its EMP a detailed mitigation and compensation figure. In total, 10,115 new trees will be planted along the project roads to compensate the roughly 2300 trees to be cut for the project construction and upgrading. 3t Regarding the noise and dust issues, the EA team has conducted a detailed modeling for noise and air quality for both the construction and operation phases. The results show that in most cases, noise is to increase at the sensitive receptors such as residential housing although in some very busy and noisy intersections the noise will decrease. Double glazed windows will be installed at the sensitive receptors which will have high incremental increases in noise levels such as those in new project roads. Construction dust will be controlled through regular site watering and other dust control measures. 234 AC Regarding traffic signaling and lighting, the PMO will have careful considerations in the project design for these issues. Xc Regarding deteriorating air quality and motor vehicle emission, the EA team has conducted a detailed air quality modeling. With the more stringent motor vehicle emission control standards (Euro 3 and Euro 4) in place in the future, the individual motor vehicle emission intensity will decrease. However as the traffic volume will increase substantially along the project roads, the road side air quality in many of the project roads will deteriorate as the project is in operation. However, from a city wide perspective, the total air emission will decrease and air quality will improve as motor vehicle average speeds will increase and will be operate more efficiently after the project completion. 9.6 Third Round of Public Consultation In order to more widely collect public opinions and comments particularly those who have deep concerns about the project and in order to supplement the insufficient number of public members consulted, a third round of public consultation was conducted following the review of the draft EA report. Methodology The modes of this round of public consultation included randomly distributed public opinion questionnaires and a stakeholder meeting. The areas were focused on potentially impacted areas and areas not covered by the first two rounds of the public consultation. The time of the third round of public consultation was March 20 to April 10, 2003. The areas covered by the consultation included East Lake Scenery Site Management Bureau in Wuchang district, Meiguiyuan area and Carriffer area of the Hanyang district and several areas in Hankou district. On March 17, 2003, the EA team together with the PMO organize a stakeholders meeting to consult their opinions on Qinghua road within the East Lake Scenery site. Representatives from East Lake Scenery Site Management Committee, local EPB, planning bureau, and Urban Administration Bureau attended the consultation meeting. Between March 28 to April 6, 2003, a total of 2000 copies of a public opinion questionnaire were distributed to people from all three districts of Wuhan. A total of 1977 copies of the completed copies were received. The 1977 people consulted are summarized as follows: a 1107 or 56% males and 870 or 44% of female, with male higher than female; a the vast majority of the people consulted, 1783 or 75% to be exact, were between 20-50; as about the occupation. 31% were public servants were, 28% private merchants and much smaller percentages in virtually wall walks of life; X with regard to education, higher school or higher education: 811 or 41%; while 59% of the surveyed had lower education; 235 X the people surveyed were from all parts of project areas. Results During the stakeholders meeting, the various parties concerned discussed the project in great details and major concern about the Qinghua road was raised. Virtually all parties felt that although the proposed Qinghua road does not contradicting with the city's Master Plan and Wuhan Lake Protection Regulations, the proposed alignment, particularly the 1000 m above the Xiaoertan lake, is on a quiet area with least outside impacts where aquatic ecosystem is among the best in the East Lake area. Furthermore, East Lake is a national level scenery site and one of the important lakes in the Jianghan lake wetland area. The meeting attendees believed that as the major function of the Qinghua road, the freight transportation and traffic on the road will affect the activities and habitats for birds in the areas. As such, the meeting hopes that any decision on Qinghua road will need very careful study and thorough consideration. In the future study on environmental impacts of the proposed Qinghua road, other alignment going around the lake area may be proposed and considered if possible. In fact, the PMO has decided that further study on Qinghua road will be initiated and if needed a new proposal road alignment may be suggested and evaluated before Qinghua road is to be constructed currently scheduled for 2006. Based on the returned copies of the public opinion survey questionnaire, the main opinions expressed from the third round of the public consultation may be summarized as follows: x About 95% of the people surveyed had some knowledge about this World Bank financed urban transport project, primarily through newspaper, television and other mass media; x The majority of the people surveyed (87%) thought that while the Wuhan urban transportation conditions have been improved over the recent years, the traffic congestion is still very serious and the current transportation conditions are still poor and cannot meet the demands of the city's citizens and economic development; s The surveyed people are widely concerned about noise and to a lesser extent vibration of the project construction and operation. They hoped that such concerns shall be raised to relevant authorities so that they can be addressed in the project planning, design and construction implementation; x An overhead pedestrian bridge at the intersection of Hanyang Second Brdge road and Meiyuan road was requested by many of the surveyed particularly those who live in the nearby Meiguiyuan residential area (an X shaped overpass in this location has been designed and included in the project); x About 88% of the surveyed were concerned about airborne dust from both construction and operation phases and demanded measures be taken to control it; a: About 96% of the surveyed were concerned about construction and operation noise, particularly night time construction noise for those who live near the project roads. The surveyed suggested to minimize night time construction and they want ot be noticed ahead of 236 time if night time construction must be done. For operation noise, the surveyed public suggested to have separation area from the area where possible. This separation areas shoud be well landscaped to help attenuate the traffic noise on the roads; x The vast majority of the people surveyed (95%) are confident that following the mitigation measures explained to them in the questionnaire, the environmental pollution and impact can be effectively controlled. : Virtually all respondents supported the project and deem it a major improvement of Wuhan urban transport system and promotion of the city's economic development. They expressed the wish to see the project starts as soon as possible. 9.7 Public Consultation Summary The public consultation for the Wuhan urban transport project included expert interviews, stakeholder meetings, public meetings and public opinion surveys of the people who would be affected the most by the project. In three rounds of public consultation, there were about 500 people in total attending public and stakeholder meetings. A total of 4200 copies of a public questionnaire were distributed in the three rounds of public consultation and 4059 copies completed questionnaire returned. The public consultation activities and public information disclosure during this EA for the Wuhan Urban Transport Project may be summarized in the following tables. Table 9.7-1 Public Consultation Summary Stage Form By whom and for whom Time location WB policy Consultation By PMO and EA team for SEPr.4 3d F. Conference room local People's representative 2002 Wuhan Municipal OP4.01 meeting and Youth Volunteers 200 Design Institue EA TOR Public meeting By PMO and EA team for Sept 6-7, Changqing, Qingshan OP4 01 First round affected local residents 2002 park, and Beibuting ______By PMO and EA team for Public opinion randomly selected Sept.13-20, Project road areas ON 01 survey individuals in the project 2002 area By PMO and EA team for Dec.28, Xuping Department Public meeting affected residents 20028 sore; P4 01 Draft EA a Xibeihu Plaza report Public opinion By PMO and EA team for Dec 26 survey randomly selected 2002 to Project road areas OP4.01 individuals Jan 3, 2003 By PMO and EA team for Stakeholder meeting ations March 17, MaaegaedManagementmorE OP4 01 Draft EA related to East Lake 2003 Commission office report management review Public opinion By PMO and EA team for March 28 surveyopimonrandomly selected - to April 6, Project road areas OP4 01 survey individuals of project areas 2003 237 Table 9.7-2 Information Disclosure Summary Information Date Location/media WB policy Notice to the public about the Sept.5, 2002 Wuhan Evening News public meetings and locations Sept.5, 2002 Changliang Daily OP4 01 and contents Project summary and Key EA Sept. 9, 2002 Wuhan Communications Radio OP4 01 information Notice to the public on second Dec 28,2002 Wuhan TV stations round of public consultation Dec 29, 2002 Wuhan Evening News OP401 including locations and contents Advertisement on drafl EA report Feb.19,2003 Wuhan Evening News locations FP4.01 Wuhan public library Draft EA report and EMP SINcE FEB.18, 2003 Fourth Railway Design Institute OP4 01 Wuhan Academy of Environmental Sciences FinaP(planned) from Wuhan public library Final EA ad EMP MarchMarc 1E,15, 2003 EP(aWuhanFourth RailwayAcademy Design of Environmental Institute Sciences 0P4.01 The Wuhan Traffic Urban Project Survey Questionnaires Item: Name: Sex::( male or female) Age: (Under 20 years old, 20-40,40-60, Over 60 years old) Occupation: Cadres, Workers, Farmers, and Businessmen Education: Over junior college; Senior high school; Junior high school; Elementary school Dwelling Place: Units: Questions: 1)What is your attitude towards the present situation of traffic in Wuhan? a) Good b) .Commonly, need to improve c) Insufferable 2)Which kind of methods do you think can solve the traffic problems? a) Reduce Cars b) More roads c) Strength the planning of the traffic 3)What is your view will be the main environmental issues caused in the construction phase of the project? a) Air pollution, dusting and vehicle emission b) Noise and vibration c) Night time construction d) Solid pollution e) Others 4)What is your view will be the main environmental issues caused in the operation phase of the project'? 238 a) Damage on vegetation and landscaping b) Inconvenience for travelling c) Air pollution, dusting and vehicle emission d) Noise and vibration 5)What is your view will be the impact of resettlement? a) Support b) No comments c) Opposition 6)What is your view on the mitigation measures on the air pollution? a) Control of vehicle emission, more Green Car b) Reduce dusting and sprinkle water regularly c) Without any measures 7)What suggestions do you have concerning the controlling of noise? a) Control the vehicle emission and noise b) Installing Double-windows to the building on both side of the traffic road c) Plant trees on both side of the road d) Without any measures 8)What is your view on the mitigation measures on the ecological disruption? a) Could b) Could not c) No comments 9)What is your attitude toward the Wuhan Urban Traffic Project, the reason is: a) Improve the traffic situation and develop the economy b) Beautify the appearance of the city c) Convenience for travelling d) Do not know I 0)What is your attitude toward the implementation of the project? a) Support b) Opposition 239 Locations for Public Consultation of WuHan Urban Transport Project Da' Baibuti Distrigchls ~~CjtyRin~~~jin~ Sh P':~;o'anni 3 ,//1 Underpassbypedes 5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~in.i SgiXgde Overpassbypedestrain<~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~omiyinsr Roadto beA Unde-AJPrpass pee, t Fa I _ * X - /Jzsr ~-I\S \ _ \ I 10. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 10.1 Environmental Management Plan 10.1.1 Responsibility and Function of the Management Institutions The environmental management institutions of this project at construction phase and operation phase consist of the Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Management Leading Group, the Foreign Capital Utilization Management Office for Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project, Component Office, and relevant governmental departments. The following chart shows the relationship between these institutions. | Wuhan Urban Transport Construction 1 Management Leading Group ILeading Group of Wuhan Urban Transport Project Using World Bank Loan Foreign Capital Utilization Management Office for Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project Road infrastruc ure t Trafnpc Con truoland PublLc transpor Road ma intenance Envron mental ostece Safety ofjice c onfie of_ca projectson offtce LeadingtruptofWuhan Urban Transport Proect Un Wdi BakLa: Ast the leading and organizing unit, it makes guidelines concerned with this project, alignment selection, construction scale, and exterior communications and coordination between different 240 organizations. Foreign Capital Utilization Management Office for Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project: under the direction of the Leading Group of Wuhan Urban Transport Project Using World Bank Loan, it is responsible for the implementation of the guidelines and goals set by it, and for the daily management of the project. It has a project construction office, in which there are two full-time environmental coordinators, one with a senior professional title and the other with a middle-level professional title, whose salaries are paid by the project construction office. They will be responsible for the environmental protection management in the design and construction phases. The detailed environmental management responsibilities of the Foreign Capital Utilization Management Office for Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project are as follows. a. Ensuring that the mitigation measures provided by the Environmental Impact Assessment Repost are incorporated into the engineering design. b. Ensuring that the construction unit constructs in accordance with the environmental mitigation measures in the engineering design. c. Amending, adjusting or adding environmental mitigation measures against the complaints from the residents and units within the area this project located. Road Infrastructure Facilities Office: it is responsible for the management of environmental protection for the road infrastructure facilities during the operation phase, and for the cooperation with the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau, it will make response to the traffic accident that may cause environmental pollution (such as the leakage of dangerous and chemical materials), and conduct effective treatment. Public transport Office: it is responsible for the environmental protection management for the public transport facilities during the operation phase. Traffic Control and Safety Office: it will cooperate with the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau to conduct rational control for the flow of motor vehicles on road within its lifetime. Environmental Protection Office (Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau): as the administrative authority under the Wuhan Municipal Government responsible for environmental protection, it guides to implement motor vehicle tail gas automatic monitoring system and noise automatic monitoring system; it will conduct supervision and management of the environmental protection work of this project in accordance with the laws, regulations and policies concerning environmental protection at the municipal, provincial and state levels. Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station: under the authorization of the Foreign Capital Utilization Management Office for Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project, it is responsible for regular monitoring of environmental impact during the construction and operation phases of this project, and the preparation of the monitoring report, which will 241 provide basis for the leading department to conduct environmental management. It is equipped with many monitoring and analyzing instruments at international levels, and can undertake the inspection of some items such as ambient air quality, water environmental quality, acoustic environmental quality, soil quality, vegetation situation and ecological environment. Its main responsibilities are as follows. a. The environmental monitoring during the construction and operation phases of this project. b. Regular monitoring of the urban air quality, acoustic environment and vibration environment to assess the environmental efficiency of this project. c. Cooperating with the Traffic Control and Safety Office to conduct the monitoring of motor vehicle tail gas and to implement I/M plan. d. Responding to the contingent polluting accidents occurring within the scope of this project, determining the pollution type and extent and proposing corresponding mitigation measures. 10.1.2 Training Plan The staff training of this project on environmental management is a part of the environmental management plan; it includes oversea and domestic training. The Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project Using World Bank Loan is the sixth similar project in China financed by the WB, but the development of transport pollution prevention and treatment technology and motor vehicle pollution control is not advanced, so it needs to appoint relevant personnel to study and investigate in the countries with relative mature experience at these fields (such as America and Canada). The detailed arrangement is shown in Table I 0. I -1. 242 Table 10.1-1 Schedule of Domestic and Oversea Training in Environmental Protection Technolo ies Contents of training Number of persons Country Year Duration Urban traffic environmental management method America 2003 4 weeks Traffic pollution prevention technique 2 Environmental policies, analysis and assessment Canada 2003 4 weeks Monitoring and assessment of urban traffic pollution Urban traffic risk assessment method Shanghai, Motor vehicle tail gas control and prevention 6 , 2003 6 weeks Guangzhou Pollution control method in construction period Training cost (ten thousand Yuan RMB) 40 00 In order to impel the environmental management staff of the construction unit to mitigate or prevent the environmental impact during the construction phase effectively, and in order to impel the environmental management staff of the public transport terminals and head-end stations to mitigate or prevent the environmental impact during the operation phase effectively, it is necessary to train these staff. The training work will be organized by the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau and the Project Construction Office; they will retain some experts from relative fields of environment to prelect. The training plan of the contractors' environmental management staff: Trainees: 3 persons from each contractor. Duration: the contractor shall provide relevant staff for the training within two weeks of bid award. The training time will last for 5 days. Contents of training: a. Environmental protection laws, regulations and corresponding rules; b. Basic knowledge of urban environmental protection; c. Main contents of the Environmental Impact Report on Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project; d. Harm of air-borne pollutants and noise and prevention and control measures; e. Monitoring technologies of air-borne pollutants and noise and patterns of monitoring reports; f. Environmental mitigation measures and environmental management knowledge during the construction phase; g. Reporting and handling procedures of public opinions. Exams and certifications: the trainees can get environmental protection certificates if they are proven qualified in the exams at the end of the training. Only after they get the certificates can they start working and the contractor may be allowed to start construction. These requirements will be written into the bidding documents. Training plan of the environmental management staff from the public transport terminals and 243 head-end stations: Trainees: 2 persons for each public transport terminal or head-end station. Duration: within 2 months before the trial operation of the public transport terminal and head-end station, the station shall send environmental management staff for training, the training will last for 5 days. Contents of training: a. Environmental protection laws, regulations and corresponding rules; b. Basic knowledge of environmental protection for public transport system; c. Main contents of the Environmental Impact Report on Wuhan Urban Transport Construction Project; d. Harm of air-borne pollutants and noise and prevention and control measures; e. Motor vehicle tail gas control technology; f. Operation and management knowledge of sewage treatment facilities; g. Reporting and handling procedures of public opinions. Exams and certifications: the trainees can get environmental protection certificates if they are proven qualified in the exams at the end of the training. Only after they get the certificates can they start working and their public transport terminal or head-end station may be allowed to start trial operation. 10.1.3 Environment Management in Construction Phase of This Project Since the environmental impact in the construction phase is significant and will last for long time (5 years), the environmental management in the construction phase is very important. The construction activities of this project mainly include ground building, underground pipeline, resettlement of the removed units and residents, construction of road, bridge and station, removal of trees, rehabilitation of afforestation belts (vegetation), and the daily living of the construction staff. Environmental management plan during the construction mainly include the mitigation measures for preventing environmental impact (to see Chapter 5) and the environmental protection requirements for the contractors (contained in the construction biding documents, to see Appendix 1). 10.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan In order to ensure the effectiveness of the mitigation measures to be taken during the construction and operation phases, to respond to the unanticipated environmental issues at the early stage and to verify the accuracy of the environmental impact predictions, it needs to work out some environmental monitoring plans. The environmental monitoring plans will be specifically developed for both the construction and operation phases of this project; the 244 contents shall include monitoring point, monitoring items, time, frequency, and collection, analysis and reports of various monitoring data. 10.2.1 Monitoring Contents a. The impact of this project on urban environmental quality during the construction and operation phase; b. Follow-up investigation on the socio-economical impact of this project; c. Implementation and effectiveness of the mitigation measures during the construction and operation phases; d. Providing improvement and remediation measures for the mitigation measure with adverse results and new environmental problems, and tracing and monitoring. 10.2.2 Monitoring Sites and Arrangement a. The environmental monitoring will be undertaken during the construction and operation phase. b. The environmental monitoring during the construction phase includes regular monitoring and supervisory monitoring. The regular monitoring is conducted according to the relevant laws, regulations of the State as well as the policies of the World Bank. The supervisory monitoring is conducted for enhancing the environmental management during the construction, and supervising the construction action of the construction units concerning with environment. c. The environmental monitoring during the operation phase include sectional monitoring and overall monitoring. The monitoring on cross section is the specific monitoring conducted on each road section 3 months after the completion of the construction of each road section as scheduled. The overall monitoring is conducted on city-wide scale after the completion of this project by the year of 2007. d. Based on the forecasted results for this project, the ambient air quality and acoustic environment monitoring will be conducted during the construction and operation phases. Water environmental quality monitoring will not be conducted during the operation phase. And motor vehicle tail gas and motor vehicle noise will be monitored regularly each year during the operation phase. e. The overall arrangement of the environmental monitoring plans are shown in Table 10.2-1. f. The environmental monitoring plans of the new (rebuilt, expanded) road and road maintenance during the construction and operation phases are shown in Table 10.2-2. g. The detailed environmental monitoring plans for public transport terminals and head-end stations during the construction and operation phases are shown in Table 10.2-3. Table 10.2-1 Overall Arrangement of Environmental Monitoring Plans 245 No.0 Monitorin aD Monitoring Monitoring Phase t! Items Monitoring time f 9 cj factor frequency ______sites institution PM,, Once each 0 00-24 00 0 Ambient quarter, 5 Daily average value 0 00-24:00; hourly air NO2 , CO continuous days average value 4 sampling per day, 4 hours each time interval o Noise Leq(A) Once each 0-00-24 00 Ca quarter, 2 Vibration VLzlo continuous days 0 00-24 00 £ e each time z) Water 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~One day each .. c SS 3 times monitoring per day _ quality quarter I I> One time of random noise monitoring for each road section under construction each = Daytime day, sight estimate of the flying dust, and one additional vibration monitoring when a 2 hospital, school or kindergarten are involved 0 One time of noise monitoring for each road scction under construction each night, E NCghttime Nighttime and one additional vibration monitoring when hospitals are involved 0 PM1 0 Once each 0.00-24 00 Ambient quarter, 5 Daily average value. 0 00-24 00, hourly 00 air NO2, CO continuous days average value 4 sampling per day, 4 hours each time interval E Noise Leq (A) Once each 0.00-24.00 o quarter, 2 O Vibration VLzlo continuous days 0:00-24:00 each time Water One day each SS 3 times monitoring per day e _ quality quarterE PM10 Once each 0 00-24 00 2 Ambieint quarter, 5 Daily average value 0 00-24 00, hourly C air NO2, CO continuous days average value 4 sampling per day, 4 hours ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Cas, o ______each time interval Once each > quarter, 2 ° noise Leq (A) , 0 00-24 00 CO continuous days each timc 246 Table 10.2-2 Overall Arrangement of Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase Monitoring Monitoring Detailed Monitoring site Road section Property item time arrangement Northwest of Regular ambient air Wuchang Ziyang Ambient air Jinshui Rd monitoring point Northeast of Regular ambient air Hanyang Yuehu Ambient air Meizi Rd monitoring point Southwest of Regular ambient air Hankou Huaqiao Huangpu Rd Ambient air monitoring point ______and Houhu Rd Regular ambient air North of monitoring point, Qingshan Changqian Ambient air Qinghua Rd representative of Ambient: one time industrial area per quarter, 5 Regular ambient air continuous days South of monitoring point, one time Daily Donghu Liyuan Ambient air Qinghua Rd representative of scenic average value spot 0 00-24 00, One ambient air Using by cooperating hourly average Moving in the 2007 6-2009.6 mobile monitoring with the automobile tail Ambient air value: 4 sampling whole city vehicle gas monitoring vehicle per day with Front of Qinglian Jianshe Ambient air, interval of 4 hours (Taibai) Wineshop Avenue noise Noise: one time Front of Yeweixiang Yingwu Ambient air, per quarter, 2 Wineshop Avenue noise continuous days West side of the gate Jiefang one time. Noise of Zhongshan Park Avenue Opposite of the old Jiefang Noise power-supply bureau Avenue Timber shop Xudong Rd Noise Front of Hubei Irrigation Works Zhongnan Rd Noise Department Luxiang Agriculture Luoshi Rd Noise Bank 247 Table 10.2-3 Detailed Arrangement of Regular Monitoring during Construction Phase and Cross Section Monitoring durin Operation Phase Road section Regular monitoring during construction phase Sectional monitoring during operation phase Monitoring time Monitoring site Item Monitoring time Monitoring site Item Main truck road engineering of north 2003 3-2005 3, one Boundary of 2005 6-20066, one section of middle ring time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise line total 8 times 4 times (Etouwan-Sanjintan) 2003 3-2005 3, one 2005 6-2006 6, one Viadunct Rd2) time per quarter, counstruction sie Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise Viaduct , construction site total 8 times 4 times 2003 3-2005 3, one 2005 6-2007 6, one Changqing Rd Viaduct) time per quarter, Huangjiadawan ambient air time per quarter, total Huangjiadawan ambient air total 8 times 8 times Gusaoshu (Xinhuaxia time 3e one Gusaoshu Primary Noise, 2005 per 6r one Gusaoshu Noise, Rd) Viaduct . School ambient air Primary School ambient air total 8 times 8 times Sanjintan (New 2003 3-2005 3, one Houhu Pnmary Nmse, 2005 6-2007 6, one Houhu Pnmary Nmse, Daihuang Highway) time per quarter, School ambientair time per quarter, total School ambientair Viaduct total 8 times 8 times Main trunk road engineering of north 2007 3-2007 12, one Boundary of 2007 6-2008 6, one section of middle ring time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noisc line (Sanjintan-Hanshi total 3 times 4 times Highway) Main trunk road engineering of south 2004 3-2005 3, one 2005 6-20066, one middle ring tm pe qurr, B3oundary of section of sectionofmiddleTingtime per quarter, BoundaNoise time per quarter, total I m to road side a5t' line (Wuxian construction site Highway-South Luoshi Rd) 2004 3-2005 3, one 2005 6-2006 6, one Highway) Viaduct time per quarter, Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise Highway) Viaduct .construction site total 4 times 4 times 2004 3-2005 3, one 2005 6-2006 6, one ViaducthLuos Rd time per quarter, constry of Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise Viaduct ttl4imsconstruction site4tie total 4 times 4 times 2004 3-2005 3, one 2005 6-2007 6, one Liahi Viaduct time per quarter, School ambPent air time per quarter, total School ambient air total 8 times 8 times Ramps of Changjiang 2003 3-2003 12, one 2004 3-2005 36, one 1-lighway Bridge from time per quartcr, construction site Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise Zhongshan Avenue total 3 times 4 times Lujialing Primary Noise, Lujialing Primary Qingiua Rd 2003 3-2003 12, one Liahng nmr ambien 2004 3-2005 126, one School, No 2 Noise, (Yucjiazuii-Highway time per quarter, Wuhan Vocattonal air ime per qLiarter, total Wuhan ambient air, 21) total 3 times Wuhan Vcia air, 7 times Vocational vibration 1-lospital vibration Hsia ______Hospital Fluangpu Rd (Fazhan 2003 3-2003 12, one Jtahaimigyuan Noise, 2004 3-2005 126, one Jiahaimigyuan, Noise Avenue-Middle Ring time per quarter, time per quarter, total UiahaimlngauanenNoise .Urban Field ambient air , Urban Field ambient air Line) total 3 times 7 times Old 1-lansha Highway 2005 3-2005 12. one Boundary of 2006 3-2007 36, one (Biandanshan-iniddle time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise ring line) total 3 times 4 times Zhalankou Sub%%av2005 3-2005 12, one 2006 3-2006 126. one Noise, Noise (below passing time per quarter. Ezhou Mansion Nbie, time per quarter, total Ezhou Mansion ambient air Zhongshanl Rd) total 3 times 4 times 248 (continued) Road section Regular monitoring during construction phase Sectional monitoring during operation phase ______Monitoring time Monitoring site Item Monitoring time Monitoring site Item 2007 3-2007 12, one Bonay f 2008 3-2008 126, one Qiaokou Rd Viaduct time per quarter, cntuioste Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise total 3 times 4 times Guockouundrgrund 2005 3-2005 12, one Budr of2006 3-2006 126, one ramp ~~~timeper quarter, cntuioste Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise total 3 times 4 times Nol11 Wuhan Nol11 Wuhan Xianggang Rd (Jianshe 2003 3-2003 12, one Hospital, Noise, 2004 3-2005 126, one Hospital, Noise, Avene-XnhuxiaRd) time per quarter, Xiangtian ambient air time per quarter, total Xiangtian ambient air Avenue-XinuaxiaRd) total 3 times Mansions, Huifeng 7 timesMaso, Garden ______Huifeng Garden Yazhi Dazhi Rd (Jiefang 2005 3-2005 12, one YahComnt, Nie 20063-2007 12, one Comnt Nie Avene-Zhngshntie pe quater, Rongxing Mansion ambient air tm pequnr,oal Rongxing ambient air Avenue) total 3 times 7 timesMaso Luochang Noise, Luochang Jianshe Avenue 2004 3-2005 12, one rsdnil ae, mbnt 2006 3-2007 12, one residential area, Noise, (Huangpu Rd-Houhu time per quarter, Scec n i,time per quarter, total Science and ambient air, Rd) total 7 times ~~Technology Palace vibration 7tmsTechnology vibration Palace Youyi Rd (Zhongshan 2003 3-2003 12, one Yoyl Mide Ns, 2004 3-2005 12, one oyl ide Noise, Avenue-Jiefang time per quarter, Sho, Mn abet time per quarter, total Sho, Mni ambient air, Avenue) total 3 times Hoptl ua i,7 times Iosta W ai vibration ______Community vibration Community Nanniwan Viaduct 2004 3-2004 12, one HniBac f Nie 2005 3-2006 12, one HniBnho Noise, No I Wuhan ambient No I Wuhan (Changfeng Avenue time per quarter, Hoptl ala i,time per quarter, total Hoptl ahn ambient air, over passing railway) total 3 times Vlaevbtin 7 times Vlaevibration 2004 3-2004 12, one LognScolf 2005 3-2006 12, one Ldig Sho Houhu Rd (Huangpu tie er qae, No 6 Wuhan Noise, tieprqaertol of No 6 Wuhan Noise, Rd-Jiefang Avenue) Middle School, ambient air Middle School, ambient air total 3 times 7 times Baibuting Garden Baibuting Garden Zhongshan Rd 2004 3-2004 12, one Haku Riwy Nse 2005 3-2006 12, one HakuRiwy Nse (Lugouqiao time per quarter, MideSho ibetar time per quarter, total MideSho amenar Rd-Huangpu Rd) total 3 times 7 times Gutianlu Hanxi Rd 2 Gutianlu (Changfeng 2006 3-2006 12, one reieta ra os, 2007 3-2008 12, one residential area, Noise, Avenue-tanshe time per quarter, PiayShoof mbetir time per quarter, total Primary School aminar total 3 times 7 times of Automobile Avenue) Automnobile PlantPln Yanhe Avenue (No 2 2006 3-2006 12, one Nie 2007 3-2008 12, one Noise, ambient No I Jianshe Jianhan Bndge-Gutian time per quarter, No I Jianshe Street ai,time per quarter, total Stetambient air, Main Rd) total 3 times vbain 7 times vibration Industrial Avenue 2004 3-2004 12, one Nos, 2005 3-2006 12, oneNos (Third Wuqing Trunk time per quarter, Wuifeng Village ambient air time per quarter, total Wufeng Village ambienit air Rd-Qinghua Rd) total 3 times 7 times South Luoshi Rd 2005 3-2005 12, one Arcluacde' Nie 2006 3-2007 12, one Agiutrl Nse (H-aogou-middle ring time per quarter, Cleeabntir time per quarter, total ArcultraCllg Nobise.tai line) total 3 times 7 times 249 (continued) Road section Regular monitoring during construction phase Sectional monitoring during operation phase Monitoring time Monitoring site Item Monitoring time Monitoring site Item Dormitory of Dormnitory of Hubei People'sHubei People's ~~~~~HubeiCourt, HonglingPeople's CouPr, Hongolng Primary School, North Zhongshan Rd 2005 3-2005 12, one Pnrmary School, Noise, 2006 3-2007 12, one dormitory of Noise, dormitory Of ambient (Fourth Wuqing Trunk time per quarter, Aquatic Products air time per quarter, total Aquatic Products ambient air, Rd-Donghu Lake) total 3 times Auati Producty air, 7 times Bureau, vibration Bureau, dormitory vibration dnioy o of H-ubei Technical dormitory of Hubei Technical Supervision Supervision Bureau Bureau Dormitory of Dormitory of Qingyuan Rd (Third 2006 3-2006 12, one Plan Plant, Noie, 2007 3-2008 12, one Plan Plant, Noise, Wuqing Trunk time per quarter, an T ence air time per quarter, total an T ence ambient air, Rd-Zhongbei Rd) total 3 times , 7 times vibration University, Huiyu vibration University, Huiyu Garden Garden Jingshut Rd 2005 3-2005 12, one Mingmunjie Noise, 2006 3-2007 12, one Minglunjie Noise, (Zhongshan Rd-South time per quarter, Primary smg air time per quarter, total Primang ambient air, Shouyi Rd) total 3 times , 7 times vibration Gate vibration Uprising Gate Shipailing Rd 2006 3-2006 12, one 2007 3-2008 12, one (Xiongchu Street-Jisan time per quarter, Diya Garden Noie, time per quarter, total Diya Garden Noise, Rd) total 3 times 7 times Jisan Rd (Wuxian 2006 3-2006 12, one 2007 3-2008 12, one Hlighway-SHlipailing time per quarter, Nanhu Garden Noise, time per quarter, total Nanhu Garden Noise, Rd) total 3 times 7 times Meizi Rd (Qintai 2005 3-2005 12, one Noise, 2006 3-2007 12, one Noise , District Warfare ambient , District Warfare Rd-North Moshuihu time per quarter, Distr air, time per quarter, total Distr ambient air, Rd) total 3 times vibration 7 times vibration Sixm Avenue 2007 3-2007 12, one 2008 3-2008 12, one (SHisheng Rd-Yingwu time per quarter, constry Of Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise construction site Avenue) total 3 times 4 times Noise Maying Rd (Middle 2003 3-2003 12, one Aimin Primary Noise, 2004 3-2005 12, one Aimin lrimary Noise, Jiangdi Rd-Yingwu time per quarter, School, Sanxing ai time per quarter, total School, Sanxing ambient air, Avenue) total 3 times Mansions , 7 times Mansions vibration vibration Dormitory of No Donnitory of No 3 Municipal Co, 3 Municipal Co, Junior Middle Junior Middle 2004 3-2004 12. one School of No 6 Noise, 2005 3-2006 12, one School of No 6 Noise Taibei Rd I (Taibei Iiitme per quarter, Wuhan Middle ambient tine per quarter, total Wuhan Middle ambient air, Rd-Sanyang Rd) total 3 times School, New air, 7 times School, New vibration , ~~~vibration Mofan Village, Mofan Village, Xiangyu Middle Xiangyu Middle School School 2004 3-2004 12 one 2005 3-2005 12 one time per quarter constru st Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise Avenue-Yanhe Aveniue) total 3 ines construcon sitees Red Cross Red Cross Lugouqiao Rd (Jiefang 2004 3-2004 12 one Jlang'al of Noise 2005 3-2006 12 one Hospital of Noise Avenie-Yanjiang time per quarter old site o1 New air, time per quaner totail sne ofsNews ambrent air Avenue) total 3 times . 7 tnes xvbration Fourth Army in vibration Fourth Anry in HankouL I Flankou 250 (continued) Road section Regular monitor ng during constructi n phase Sectional monito ing during operatio phase Road____section____ Monitoring time Monitoring site Item Monitoring time Monitoring site Item Wujiashan Public 2003 3-2003 9, one Boundary of 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge Water tranportTermnal time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total pitquality of transport Terminal total 2 times 4 times sewage Yong'antang Public 2004 3-2004 9, one Boundary of 2004 12-2005q 12, on Sewage discharge Water traspotTrrnnal time per quarter, constrction site Noise time per quarter, total pitquality of transport Terminal total 2 times constructio 4 times sewage Guanshanyilu Public 2003 3-2003 9, one Boundary of 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge Water traspotTnn nal time per quarter, cosruto site Noise time per quarter, total pitquality of transport Terminal total 2 times 4 times sewage Qingling Public 2005 3-2005 9, one Boundary of 2005 12-2006 12, one Swg discharge Wae transport Termial ttime per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total point qualirg of transport Terminal total 2 times 4 times sewage Zhonghualu Public time200333-200 per 9,quarter, one residentialGhua Rd Noise, time2003 per12-2004 quarter, 12, totalone point,Sewage Zhonghuadischarge qualityWater of transportZhopngulu Terminal Pubic 23-200 timespe 9uae, totalbuildingZhnhamtno 2ee times il Rf a9a one talrl 42041;052 timestie ~~~~~~~~pontRd residential ~~building noisequWaltyesewage, o 2004 3-2004 9, one 2004 12-2005 12, one Sewage discharge Water Tapngyanglu Public time per quarter, Sho of Noise, time per quarter, total point, Dormitory qu transport Terminal total 2 times Knitting Mill ambient air 4 times of Knitting Mill sewage, noise 2005 3-2005 9, one Nose, 2005 12-2006 12, one Sewage discharge qualty of Yongqtnpel Public time per quarter, Iuial Noie, timetian per quarter, total point, Grain quage, transport Terminal total 2 times College ambient air pes InduSewal charg sewage. noise Water anyanglun Public 2003 3-2003 9, one Noh8a uha Noise, 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge Water transponglu Head d time per quarter, Moidd le Noise time per quarter, total point, No 8 quality of transportt total 2 times School ambient air 4 times Wuhan Middle sewage, School noise Y aongqingji Public 2003 3-2003 9, one 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge Water transpongqngetransonTemnal Pble n totaltime 2 timesper quarter, cntuoXinjian Village se NoeNoise, time204times per quarter,12on total pndutrapoint, CollegXinjian quality of transport Terminal tal2imsambient air 4tmsVlaesewage, noise Guqintai Public 2003 per quane Boundary of 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge Water transport Terminal time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total point quality of total 2 times 4 times sewage Yueng'anzu an Public 2004 3-2004 9, one Boundary of 2004 12-2005 12, one Sewage discharge Water transpon Tead-end time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total point qua ity o Stranspor Termnal total 2 times 4 times sewage QilixincunStation Public ~total2004 2 3-2004 times 9, one Taohu Noise, 42004 times 12-2005 12, one VsllageSewage discharge Water transpon Head-end time per quarter, residential area ambent air time per quarter, total poinm Taohuadao quality of Station total 2 times 4 times residential area sewage, noise BaibtinPubic 003 -203 9,one Boundary of 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge Wae transport Head-end time per quarter, cntuioste Noise time per quarter, total pitquality of Station total 2 times 4 times ______sewage Erqiaoxiqu Public 2004 3-2004 9, on onay o 041-051,one Sewage dshre Water transport 1-lead-end time per quarter, cntuioste Noise time per quarter, total pitquality of Station total 2 times 4 times ______sewage Nanhuhuayuan Public 2003 3-2003 9, one Budr of20120412on Swaeishge Water transport Head-end time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total Sewage dshre quality of Station total 2 times 4 times pitsewage Chenjiadun Plublic 2005 3-2005 9, on onay o 051-061,one Sewage dshre Water transport Head-end time per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total pitquality of Station total 2 titnes 4 times pointe Jiang'anxizhan Public 2005 3-2005 9, n onay o one 051-061, Sewagdicage Water transport Head-end tim-e per quarter, construction site Noise time per quarter, total pitquality of Station total 2 times 4 times pointg Gusaoshu Public 2005 3-2005 9 one GaohNis, 2005 12-2006 12, one Sewage discharge Wae transport Head-end time per quarter residentia ara omisentai time per quarter, total point, Gusaoshu quality of Station total 2 timnes rsdnilae anbntir 4 times residential area sewvage noise 251 (continued) Road section Regular monitoring during construction phase Sectional monitoring during operation phase Monitoring time Mlonitoring site Item Monitoring time Monitoring site Item 2004 3-2004 9 one 2004 12-2005 12, one Water Houhu Public transport , Boundary of Sewage discharge time per quarter, Noise time per quaner, total quality of Head-end Station construction site point total 2 times 4 times sewage Xiangyangcun Public 2003 3-2003 9, one 2003 12-2004 12, one Water transport Flead-end time per quarter, constry of Noise time per quarter, total point quality of Station total 2 times 4 times sewage Water Xudonglu Public 2003 3-2003 9, one Tuanjie residential Noise, 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge Water transport Head-end time per quarter, time per quarter, total point, Tuanjie qualt o area ambient air ,,sewage, Station total 2 times 4 times residential area noise Guanshan Public 2003 3-2003 9, one 2003 12-2004 12, one Water transport Head-end time per quarter, constry of Noise time per quaner, total point quality of ,construction site , point Station total 2 times 4 times sewage Water Tiejicun Public 2003 3-2003 9, one Tieji residential Noise 2003 12-2004 12, one Sewage discharge quality of transport Head-end time per quarter, , time per quarter, total point, Tieji area ambient air sesvage, Station total 2 times 4 times residential area noise 2003 3-2003 12, 2003 12-2004 12, Jiefang Avenue 2005 3-2005 12, one I in to road side Noise 2005 6-2006 6, one I m to road side Noisc time per quarter, time per quarter, total total 6 times 8 times 2005 3-2005 6, one 2005 6-2006 6, one Wusheng Rd time per quarter, I in to road side Noise time per quarter, total I ni to road side Noise total I time 4 times 2005 3-2005 6, one 2005 6-2006 6, one South Jiefang Rd time per quarter, I m to road side Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise total I time 4 times 2003 3-2003 12, one 2003 12-2004 12, one Wangqing Highway time per quarter, I m to road side Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise total 3 times 4 times 2004 3-2004 9, one 2004 12-2005 12, one Ilanyang Avenue time per quarter, I m to road side Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise total 2 times 4 times 20043-20046, one 2004 12-2005 12, one Heping Avenue time per quarter, I m to road side Noise time per quarter, total I m to road side Noise total I time 4 times 2005 3-2005 6, one 2005 12-2006 12, one Zhongshan avenue time per quarter, I m to road side Noise time per quaner, total I m to road side Noise total 2 tines 4 times 2004 3-2004 9, one 2004 12-2005 12, one GUtian Main Rd time per quarter, I m to road side Noise tine per quarter, total I m to road side Noise total 2 times 4 times 10.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Instruments and Equipment In order to conduct effective and accurate monitoring of ambient air, noise, vibration and water environrmental qLuality during the construction and operation phases, it is necessary to purchase corresponding monitoring instruments and equipment. The details are shown in Table 10.2-4. 252 Table 10.2-4 Monitoring Instruments and Equipment to be Purchased Descriptions of monitoring Unit price (RMB 104 Total value (RMB 104 No. Qty (set) instruments and equipment Yuan/set) Yuan/) I PM1 Oautomatic detector 3 15 45 2 SO2 automatic detector 3 8 24 3 NOx automatic detector 3 10 30 4 CO automatic detector 3 7 21 5 03 automatic detector 3 7 21 6 HC automatic detector 3 15 45 7 Multi-component gas calibrator 3 12 36 8 Zero gas source 3 7 21 9 Data collector 3 7 21 10 Fittings of air monitoring equipment 3 7 21 Motor vehicle tail gas remote 11 1 260 260 measuring system 12 Automobile tail gas monitoring vehicle 1 30 30 Ambient air quality mobile monitoring 13 l 200 200 vehicle 14 Noise automatic detector 20 4 80 15 Fittings of noise monitoring equipment 8 3 24 16 Traffic flow automatic detector 8 6 48 17 Display screen 8 30 240 18 Computer communications software 2 10 20 19 Computer control center 1 20 20 20 6-parameter atmospherium 8 6 48 21 Monitoring station house 2 7 14 22 Suspension station house 5 2 10 Total 1279 10.2.4 Monitoring Institutions and Monitoring Reports The Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station will be responsible for the environmental monitoring work during the construction and operation phases of this project. The Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau and the Traffic Management Bureau of the Wuhan Public Security Bureau are the administerial institutions in charge of guiding and implementing of monitoring of this project. The Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station is one of the national environmental monitoring network stations; it passed the certification made by the Hubei Metrological Bureau in 1992. It also is a national environmental monitoring laboratory with high quality. It can conduct many kind of monitoring such as water, air, sound, vibration, solid wastes, biology, soil, electromagnetic radiation, and crop. It has conducted more than 300 various monitoring, so it is a national three-class environmental monitoring station with rational arrangement of section offices, advanced monitoring means, and rich technical strength. 253 According to the monitoring plans, the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station will provide monitoring reports to the relevant departments periodically. The details are shown in Table 10.2-5. Table 10.2-5 Description of Environmental Monitoring Reports Category of Contents of report Submitting time of Submitting Accepting Remarks report report unit of report unit of report Quarterly Monitoring results and overproof Within one month monitoring values of all the monitoring indexes I time/quarter Wuhan after the accepting report during the construction and operation Environmental unit receives the phases, monitoring points, monitoring Protection Annual time, analysis and assessment of Bureau shall make reply and comprehensive monitoring results, implementation and I time/quarter Wuhan Breau sha ly and report effectiveness of the mitigation Environmental Construction the contents of the measures Monitonng Office, World report, and Cause, process and extent of accident Station Bank and demonstrate the and handling measures, impact scope, environmental mitigation measures Emergency extent and aftereffect on environment Within one month after assessment to be adopted, and accident report and mitigation measures, prevention the accident occurring units arrange the work for and protection measures to be adopted the nest stage inthe future 10.3 Public Participation Plan and Complaint Channel 10.3.1 Public Participation a. Within three years after the construction and operation phases, it shall conduct one time random follow-up visit and investigation each quarter for the environmental sensitive targets, and one time of public participation and site investigation meeting shall be held per year in the area where environmental sensitive targets are located. b. Based on the quarterly investigation and annual investigation results, assessing the satisfied degree of the public, and analyzing the relevant opinions, improving environmental mitigation measures if it is necessary. 10.3.2 Complaint Channel a. Establishment and Components of the Complaint Institutions In order to further guarantee the legal rights of the affected persons, it will install a complaint mechanism to provide the affected persons with a convenient, clear, fair and effective complaint channel. So an environmental impact complaint acceptance leading group for this project comes into existence. Its leader is the director of the development and supervision department of Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau, and its members are from some units such as the Project Construction Office, the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station and the environmental assessment units. There is a complaint acceptance office under the environmental impact complaint acceptance leading group; it is in the Wuhan Environmental Monitoring Station; it is in charge of collecting and recoding the regular complaints, and provides response after consultation with the relevant responsible units. b. Complaint Procedures The complaint acceptance leading group and office will begin to accept the complaints within one week after the commencement of the project, and complaint telephones and complaint 254 mail boxes shall be opened at the same time. The detailed complaint procedures are as follows. The affected persons may complain in written or oral form to the complaint office if they think that their rights in the aspect of environmental protection is violated. If it is oral complaint, the member of the complaint office shall make detailed record and sorting out, and provide response within two weeks. If the complainant is not satisfied with the response from the complaint office, he may complain to the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau in written form within one month after receiving the response. The Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau shall give a response within three weeks. If the complainant still is not satisfied with the response given by the Wuhan Environmental Protection Bureau, he may file to the local people's court according to the "Law of Civil Procedure of the People's Republic of China"; it shall be accepted and adjusted by the court. 255 11. Summary and Conclusions 11.1 Outline of the project Urban transport project is a system consisting of several integral components, which include construction of hardware and upgrading of software. According to their natures, they are divided into five components, i.e. road infrastructure construction component, traffic management and safety component, public traffic improvement component, road maintenance component and environmental protection component. General static investment of this project is RMB 4.77386 billion with construction period of five years. They are expected to put into operation in 2007. 11.2 Evaluation of the Present Status of Environment quality 11.2.1 Environmental air quality 3 For 1996 -2000, daily mean value of SO2 in the urban zone is 0.037-0.044 mg/Nm and mean value of five days is 0.041 mg/Nm 3. Yearly mean value of 2000 in urban zones is 13.95% lower than 1996. In addition, it can be seen in Fig. 4-1 that yearly mean value of recent five years (1999-2003 ) in the urban zones of Wuhan City can all reach calss II standard. Yearly and daily mean values for five years, except for that in 1998 with a bit ascending, basically descended. SO2 daily mean concentration value on main traffic arteries primarily monitored conformed that it meet the class II of air quality standard. NO2 daily mean concentration value, except for that that of the points of both sides of Yangguang Hotel of Zhongshan Avenue and Wuhan No. 27 Muddle School of Yanhe Avenue slightly exceeds standard, that of other measuring points conforms to Calss II of air quality standard. PMIo daily mean concentration value, except for that that of the points of both sides of Hongsheng Vehicle Repair Factory of Fanzhan Avenue and Wuhan No. 15 Middle School, that of other measuring points is far beyond Class II of air quality standard. 11.2.2 Quality of acoustic environment According to the monitoring result of present status of current noise status, environmental noise status of environment sensitive points and main impacted conditions are as follows: (1) Analysis of current acoustic quality of environment sensitive points affected by the road upgrading For environment sensitive points affected by this project, except for that 8 points such as dormitory of Provincial People's Court, Shanhu Apartment and Hongling Primary School of Zhongshanbei Road, Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology and Tyanjiexin Village of Qingyu Road, Chuijiadun of Yanhe Avenue and Liqiao Primary School of south section of intermediate ring line conform to Class I standard of GB3096-93, other 256 117 all exceed Class I standard of GB3096-93, which account for more than 93% of all sensitive points. (2) Analysis of current road boundary noise of road maintenance section At the road maintenance section of this project, road boundary noise of Jiefang, Hanyang Avenue, Zhongshan Avenue, Heping Avenue, Gutianzheng Road, Wusheng road and Jiefangnan Road are beyond class 4 standard of GB3096-93. Road boundary noise of Wangqing Highway conforms to class 4 standard of GB3096-93 in the day and is beyond standard at night. 11.2.3 Environment vibration quality It can be known from the monitoring result of the percent status that at the points affected by traffic vibration, the environmental vibration value VL, 1o is 50.2-67.3dB in the day and 57.0-67.5dB at night; Compared with GB10070-88 Environmental Vibration Standard of Urban Zone, they conform to the standard; at the points without traffic vibration, the environmental vibration value VL, 1o is 48.5-63.8dB in the day and 48.0-59.3dB at night, which conform to the standard of mixed zones and commercial center zones. 11.2.4 Sunlight It can be seen from the evaluation result of current sunlight conditions that the sensitive buildings are not impacted by the buildings at opposite side. Current sunlight conditions of rooms towards the north at the south side of the road oriented east to west can't meet the corresponding sunlight standard. Sunlight time of north windows of the houses at the south side of the roadsAT is 0 hours. In the sensitive buildings of Huangjiadawan, Yunhe Resident Quarter and Fanzhan Village (south side), north-toward windows of the first row of houses can't reach the corresponding sunlight standard at present, which shall not used for the purposes of teaching, curing, recuperating and residence, etc. Sunlight time of houses without umbrageous wall at the right ahead of the north side of the road AT is from the sun rising to sunset; AT=1Oh, in the sensitive buildings of Gushaoshu Primary School, Gushaoshu, Houhu Primary School, Miaoyi Kindergarten and Fanzhan Village (sough side), sunlight time of the first floor of north windows of the first row of houses facing the road on Midwinter day is above 3 hours, which conform to the corresponding sunlight standard and be used for schools, kindergarten and residence. 11.2.5 Water environment In general, all water areas show nutrient pollution that takes N and P as the indicator and the organic pollution that takes COD and BOD as the indicator. Biological diversity in the water areas is poor. 11.2.6 Soil and vegetation Wuhan City has many kinds of soils containing rich nutrients that are suitable for plants 257 growth. Flora system of Wuhan City belongs to the section transiting from evergreen broad-leaved forest of intermediate subtropical zone to deciduous broad-leaved forest of north subtropical zone. Vegetation in the project area is subject to the man-planted plants, which mainly include camphor, bamboo, cunninghamia sinensis, oil-tea camellia, tea, privet, masson pine, metasequoia, chinar and bald cypress, etc. Trees such as chinar, taxodium, masson pine and metasequoia are widely planted on the roads of the urban zones. 11.2.7 Cultural relic and historic site According to the investigation, there are two cultural relics around the project, which are Gude Temple and Liu Shaoqi Former Residence. Gude Temple dated from xx year and located to xx, which is of brick-concrete structure and about 200m away from the construction site of the project. It used to be the temple where the nuns lived, now it doesn't open to the public and only maintained as the cultural relic. Shaoqi Former Residence is located tin the alleyway across the Culture Bureau, on xxx road, which was built in xyear for memorializing Comrade Liu Shaoqi. which is of brick-concrete structure and above 200m away from the construction site of the project. Now it doesn't open to the public and only maintained as the cultural relic. 11.3 Evaluation of Construction Environmental Impacts During construction, because expropriation, relocation of residents, excavation of the ground, laying pipes, material transporting and road construction will produce noise, vibration, air-borne dust and solide waste and sewage, a certain impact to ambient air, acoustic environment and water environment, traffic, safety, society and residents' life will be brought. According to the characteristics of environmental impact, necessary environment mitigation measures shall be taken to minimize and eliminate the adverse impact. 11.4 Forecast and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts during Operation Period 11.4.1 Ambient air A Analysis of the forecasted result of ambient air quality Considering discharge standards for different motor vehicles, CO and NO, concentration at both sides of the road in 2020 will be lower than 2007. Therefore executing strict tail gas discharge standards of the motor vehicle can effectively improve quality of ambient air at both sides of the urban roads. According to the forecasted results, in the yearly mean terms, CO and NO, concentration at both sides of the roads in urban area in 2007 and 2020 can reach hourly mean concentration of national Class 2 standard. In the unfavorable weather conditions, except for the concentration 258 at 3m of Xianggang Road edge in 2007 will be slightly beyond the standard, on other sections CO will fall within the standard. After NO, concentration is converted into NO2 concentration at the ratio of 60%, its condition beyond the standard will be worse than that of CO. In Xianggang Road, Huanpu Road, and Youyi Road of downtown of Hankou, intermediate ring line (from Etouwan to Sanjintan) Qinghua Road of Wuchang with heavy traffic and dense buildings, NO2 concentration in 2007 will be beyond hour mean concentration of state grade 2 standard in the unfavorable conditions, which is mainly in the range of 1Om from the road edges. But by 2020, NO2 concentration will not be beyond the standard. In addition, according to the comparison of environmental air quality at both sides of the roads with the project and without the project, in 2007 total 18 roads with be of newly-built ones. When the project is in construction, CO and No, concentration of 9 roads such as original Hankou-Shanshi Highway, Xianggang Road, Jianshe Avenue, (Science and Technology Museum - Huanpu Road), Youyi Road, Nanniwan Overcrossing (Changfeng Avenue), Huanxier Road, Yanhe Avenue, Taibeiyi Road and Lougouqian Road will increase to a certain extent; that of Dazhi Road, Zhongshan Avenue, Zhongshanbei Road (Shahu Road - Eastlake) and Sixin Avenue will decrease to a certain extent. X Analysis of forecasted result of environmental air quality According to forecast NOx concentration of the urban zones, after the project is put into project, NOx concentration of the urban zones in 2007 is 0.045mg/m3 , which will not be beyond the standard and approach the current level of Liyuan of the Eastlake and Changqian of Qingshan District. In five automatic monitoring stations in the urban zones of Wuhan City, their NOx concentration value is lower. Therefore it shows it is positively significant to improve ambient air quality of the urban zones of Wuhan City that this project is put into operation. 11.4.2 Acoustic environment (l)Analysis of current environmental noise conditions of environment sensitive points affected by reconstructing and expending road Noise level at the environment sensitive points affected by road upgrading will exceed Class 1 standard of GB3096-93, of which Eastlake Laoni Boai Apartment will be beyond Class 0 standard of GB3096-93. With the varying vehicle flow rate oo different roads, in 2010 and 2020, environmental noise of both sides of road sections will further increase and that of other roads will gradually decrease. Compared with environmental noise before this project, the roads where the environmental noise will increase include: Gaoxiong Road to Sanyang Road section of Taibeiyi Road, Youyi Road section, Zhongshanbei Road, Qingyuan road, Houhu Road, Hanxier Road, Maying Road, Yanhe Avenue, LugouqiaO Road, Huangpu Road, Jianshe Avenue, Qinhua Road, Meizi Road, Gongye Avenue, Luoshinan Road, Jinshui Road, Shipailing section, Jisan Road, Sixin 259 Avenue, Original Hann-Shashi Highway, Hanxi Road, overcrossing of Gutianer Road, overcrossing of Changqiong Road, overcrossing of Sanjintan, overcrossing of Qiaokou Road, Ramps of No/2 Bridge, overcrossing of Nanniwan, overcrossing of Qingling, overcrossing ofYujiawan, overcrossing ofLizhi and overcrossing of Luoshinan Road. After this project, because road conditions is improved, traffic jam and homing are decreased, sections where environmental noise will decrease or remain include Taibei Road to Goaxuong Road of section of TaiveiYi Road, Xianggang Road, Zhongshan Avenue Dazhi road, overcrossing of Xinhua Road, overcrossing of Xianggang Road, overcrossing of Xunlimen, overcrossing of Luochikou and overcrossing of Zhalankou. On the road sections to be repaired, such as Jiefang Avenue, Hanyan Avenue, Zhongshan Avenue, Heping Avenue, Gutian Proper Road, Wusheng Road, South Jioefang Road and Wangqing Road, the road-side noise will exceed Class IV Standard of GB3096-93. However, because of rebuilding of these roads, the present noise along Jiefang Avenue, Hanyan Avenue, Zhongshan Avenue, Heping Avenue and Wusheng Road; because flow will increase after the project, the noise along Gutian Proper Road, South Jiefang Road and Wangqing Road will increase. 29 schools, hospitals and welfare houses and so on will be affected by the project, the noise level at 23 of them after the project will be higher than the present value, and the noise level of the other six is lower than the present value. Among 117 schools, hospitals, welfare houses and sensitive residential communities, 73 of them, which has World Bank loans have a lower noise impact than those without World Bank projects, but some of them have higher noise level than the present value, and it can be concluded than the World Bank project will reduce the noise effect in these areas; 44 projects with World Bank loans have higer noise impact than those without World Bank loans. 11.4.3 Vibration impact After this project, the forecasted day-time vibration value at the red lines of the main roads is between 42.1-72.OdB, the value at night is <40-67.8dB, the value at rush hours is between 47.2-73.8d, all of which conform to the requirements on both side of roads according to GB1 0070-88 Environmental Vibration Standardfor Urban Areas. Because the standard to mixing area, commercial area and industrial area is the same as that on both side of the roads, it can be deduced that regional environmental vibration conforms to the standard for mixing area, commercial area and industrial area, and after the construction, the traffic vibration will have no obvious effect to the surrounding environment. The forecasted ambient vibration along the 19 main sensitive spots in 2007 is between 57.9-69.3dB in the day, between 51.1-65.4d at night, and between 59.0-71.1dB at the rush hours; in 2012. the value is between 52.7-69.OdB in the day, between 53.7-65.2dB at night and between 60.6-70.8dB in the rush hours; in 2020, the value is between 55.4-73.9dB in the day. between 51.5-69.9dB at night and between 57.4-75.6dB in the rush hours. The value in 260 different forecasted periods conform to the standards for both sides of arterial roads, mixing areas, commercial areas and industrial areas according to GB10070-88. After the upgrading works, except that the traffic vibration of the day and night at the 2nd lane of Wangqing road surpass the standard by 2.3 and 1.3dB, the red lines of the other roads all conform the requirements on both sides of arterial roads according to GBI0070-88, and the area out of the red line also conform to the sandard for mixing area, commercial area, and industrial area. According to the investigation to the site, this assessment includes two protected buildings of cultural relic: Wuchang Uprising Gate (VI 8) and Hankou Old Military Headquarters of New Fourth Army (V19), so there is a quantitative difference between the analogical comparison result and the limit of vibration, i.e. the traffic vibration is far more below the standard. Therefore, after the road is completed, there are no damage to the cultural relics. The forecasted traffic vibration value at the red line of the overcrossing is between 58.5- 75.4dB in the day, between 50.8-71.OdB at night, and between 61.5-77.3dB at rush hours, all of which conform to the standard on both side of the arterial roads according to GB10070-88 Environmental Vibration Standardfor Urban Areas;; the ambient vibration at rush hours, except that the value at Sanjintan Overcrossing and Qingleng Overcrossing surpass the standard by 1.9-2.3, 1.3-2.3dB in 2012 and 2020, conforms to the standard. Through an investigation, the areas around Sanjintan Overcrossing and Qingleng Overcrossing are open country, which is far away from sensitive spots such as residential quarters and schools, and after range attenuation, the ambient vibration to the sensitive spots conform to the requirements for mixing area, commercial area and industrial area. Therefore, the traffic vibration after the construction is not obvious to the environment. 11.4.4 Sunshine According to the caculation and assessment, the high structures of this project will block some sunlight on the houses along the two sides of the roads, which will shorten 5-10 hours of sunlights on the windows of the lower story and all the windows in winter in Gushaoshu Primary School, Gushaoshu Village, Houhu Primary School, Maoyi Kindergarten and Fazhan Village so that flat houses along the road in Gushaoshu Primary School and Gushaoshu Village. Therefore, it is necessary to rebuilt these houses. 11.4.5 Hydrologic environment After the project, only the initial rainfall will be polluted, and the main pollutants are SS, but the concentration is low, which will not pollute the receivingwater body. 11.4.6 Vegetation In the project, some street trees and green belts along the new roads, upgraded roads in the downtown will be destroyed, some agriculture vegetation along the middle ring line and the 261 secondary lines will be destroyed due to the construction. 11.4.7 Communities and urban life To build or expand the roads will separate some communities along the alignment which affects the people's passes of the both sides. After the project, the transportation will be improved, which will promote the development of the city's commerce. Some roads are being built or planned to build by some residential quarters, which will improved the dweller's living environment and their living quality. 11.4.8 Risk analysis After the project, vehicles carrying dangerous materials will probably have leakage accident, which will cause adverse effect on the water, soil, vegetation and the people along the roads. However, restrict transportation management and good post-accident measures will reduce such adverse impact to minimum level. 11.5 Forecast Assessment of the Bus Junction Station and Start/End Station 11.5.1 Environment and air According to the forecast result, content of CO and/or Nox at each bus station in normal status conform to the minimum value to the Class 2 according to national environment standards for ambient air. 11.5.2 Aoustic environment Noise made by buses at each bus station and the first/end station is lower than the ambient noise, and the noise level will remain the present value, but still surpassing class 1 Standard. The main reason is the higher noises made by other factors at the bus stations or at first/end stations. 11.5.3 Water environment For wastewater from car washer, except that oil content surpasses discharging standard 1, concentration of other pollutants can conform to any discharging standard; however, household sewage surpass discharging standard I, and BOD and COD surpass the standard by 2.5 and 1.3 times; it generally conforms to discharging standard II, and comes up to discharging standard I1I. domestic sewage in Wuhan is directly disclharged, however, sewage from bus stops and first/end stations along the road of this project which takes a very small proportion of the total sewage volume in these areas, so the sewage will not affect the performance of existing drain system. Furthermore. by 2005, 7 urban sewage treatment plants will be built at Luobuzhui. Huangjiahu, Sanjintan, Maoshan, Nantaizihu, hanxi and Big Huanjia Village in Wuhan. Sewage made by the project at each bus station and first/end stops will join the urban 262 sewerage system to the sewage plants for treatment. It is suggested that the sewage at the bus stations or first/end stops be directly discharged to the drain, which connect to a centralized treatment in the comprehensive sewage plants as the plants are built. 11.5.4 Solid wastes Solid wastes at the bus stops are mainly refuse produced by the passengers. After they are collected and treated by the urban environmental facility, there will be no adverse effect. 11.6 Analysis of resettlement For the construction of this project, it is unavoidable that there are some houses to be demolished and some people relocated. However, according to the relative expropriation laws, regulations and rules, these people or units shall be compensated, and from the past removing and resettling experience, the houses of these people or unit shall be as good as or even better than before. 11.7 Environmental Effects and the Mitigation Measure Construction of this project will execute Environment ProtectionAct for Construction Project, No. 253 order (1998) of People's Republic of China, so that measures for environment protection and the main construction can be designed, constructed and implemented at the same time. To safeguard against the adverse effect of the project, the following actions shall be taken in each stage of the construction and operation. At In the period of engineering design, various potential effects shall be analyzed, and the best measures shall be designed to reduce the adverse impact to the environment. AC During the construction of a work, environmental mitigation measure shall be taken for the involved units or people, for example, to set accounstic barrier, and double-layered sound insulated window, so as to reduce the noise effect to the sensitive places. X During the construction, it is necessary to carry out long-term plan to improve the urban environmental quality, such as traffic control, limits of downtown traffic, vehicle end gas control strategy and rational planning of the city's layout. 11.7.1 Design stage 11.7.1.1 Noise ( I ) Alignment selection, site selection and layout for road station and bus stops At Alignment selection and site selection for new roads, rebuilt roads and expended roads shall avoid the sensitive spots as possible. AC Large-replacement expansion joints, manual expention devices, heavy-duty pot rubber bearings and spherical cap rubber bearings shall be used for joints between 263 prefabricated slabs of the overcrossing and the piers, so that the noise of traffic impacting can be reduce. X The roads are designed to have 3 or 4 lanes to separate the motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and the pedestrians effectively, furthermore, the center isolated area and non-mortor vehicles can reduce the noise to some extent. X9 Try best to use the green belt along the center and both sides of the road to abate traffic noise. It shall set 12000m 2 green belt to reduce the noise. (2) Acoustic screen design At those elevated roads (overcrossing) badly effected by the noise, there shall be 500-linermeter acoustic screen. At the initial designing period of the project, the acoustic screen shall be studied and designed in details. The acoustic screen shall be made of transparent materials to reduce visual and sunlight disturbance after the installation. However, it shall be cleaned periodically. (3) Design for protection of noise-receiving spots The first row of buildings along the new road is not proper to be used as classrooms, wards of hospitals and kindergartens, because these places have high requirements for acoustic environment quality. However, it can be used as commercial buildings or multi-storied parking lots. Wuhan Master Plan has included these measures, and Wuhan Planning Office will supervise the implementation. The first-row buildings along the road badly effected by noise and the noise-sensitive buildings near overcrossings shall be equipped with double -layer glass windows for quite indoor activities. There are altogether 23876 m2 of noise-insulating windows to be installed. 11.7.1.2 Vibration We will take the following measures in engineering design to reduce the potential impact by vibration on environment. Adopt expansion joint, embed manual expansion and contraction unit (expansion and contraction joint without seal) as well as large basin rubber support and ball rubber support between the prefabricating plates of overcross and between the piers to reduce the vibration influences due to the travelling vehicle. Greater improvement in the materials spread on the pavement of the road and the levelness of the road will be made. The materials spread on the pavement of the road is import advanced asphalt. The levelness of the road will be controlled below 4mm since the vibration degree will reduce 4dB when the levelness reduces Imm. Arrange the use of land at both sides of the road reasonably. Within 40m at both sides of the road, no vibrating or sensitive buildings will be built and this measure has been taken into the overall urban planning of Wuhan City and it will be supervised and performed by Wuhan Planning Bureau. 264 11.7.1.3 Ambient air In order to control the emission of waste gas from the vehicle, the new buildings at both sides of the road will be planned 20m from the red line of the road. 11.7.1.4 Water environment The rainfall on the road will be drained into the municipal pipeline. The domestic waste water from the public traffic stations, the starting stations and the terminations will be drained after treatment in the septic tank. 11.7.1.5 Landscape design Considering environmental beautification and landscape design in engineering design, make the road, overcross and bus stations coordinate with each other to the utmost. In the design of road reconstruction and expansion, make utmost efforts to protect the trees and the green belt at both sides of the road; as for the place that must be occupied, the trees that must be planted as much as possible. According to Urban Green Regulation in Wuhan, as for the ratio that green area in this project accounts for in the total area of the land, the road with the width of under 40m is not less than 20%, the road with the width between 40-SOm is not less than 25%, the road with the width of over 50m is not less than 40% and the bus stations is not less than 25%. As for the arrangement of the green belt at the center of the road and the both sides, see the follows: 60m wide road: 2x5m green belt at the outer side of vehicle track; 2x5.5m green belt at the outer side of non-vehicle track; 50m wide road: 2x5m green belt at the outer side of vehicle track; 2x3.5m green belt at the outer side of non-vehicle track; 40m wide road: 2x3.5m green belt at the outer side of non-vehicle track; 2x3m green belt at the outer side of pedestrian; 35m wide road: 2x2m green belt at the outer side of non-vehicle track; 2x2m green belt at the outer side of pedestrian; 30m wide road: 3m central green belt; 2x2m green belt at the outer side of pedestrian; 25m wide road: 2x2m green belt at the outer side of pedestrian; 20m wide road: 2x2m green belt at the outer side of pedestrian; 15m wide road: 2x2m green belt at the outer side of pedestrian; 11.7.1.6 Sun light Determine the width of the red line at the elevated section according to the design principle of controlling the sun light disturbance into the minimum degree and control the distance between the red line of elevated section and the sensitive buildings that is minimum at 3.5m, and this measures will be supervised and performed in the urban planning and during construction and development of the road at both sides of elevated section by Wuhan Planning Bureau. 11.7.1.7 Land aquisitioni and resettlement 265 During site selection and design of newly-constructing, reconstructing, expanding road and bus stations, it is an important guideline for the project decision-making department to minimize the land acquisition and resettlement. 11.7.2 Construction stage The construction of this project will have impacts on the acoustic environment, vegetation, community, traffic, municipal facilities and cultural and historical sites and so on. Although most of the impacts are instant and recoverable, thorough attention must be paid to the estimation on environmental impacts. The responsibilities of the contractor to protect the environment have been taken into the tendering documents of the project to ensure that they can understand their responsibilities thoroughly. 11.7.2.1 Acoustic environment Although the noise produced in construction can not be avoided entirely, the noise impacts on the environment around it can be mitigated to some degree. The contractor must abide by WZ(1995) No. 24 Notice on Preventing Environmental and Sound Pollution in Construction Site issued by the People's Government of Wuhan and make the noise in construction site meet the requirements of GB 12523-90 Limit Value of Noise in Construction Site. The following measures to reduce the noise will be performed by the contractor: Prohibit using the equipment with high noise at night(22:00-6:00), such as pile driver, crusher, bulldozer, excavator, compactor, generator, electric sew, concrete electric vibrator and so on. Use the machinery with low noise or the equipment installed noise eliminator or noise insulation cover for example, generator used in construction site will be supplied with noise eliminator or according to the environmental situation around the construction sites. Arrange construction time and equipment reasonably to make the construction which may produce larger noise level avoid the sensitive points and time of sound environment and maintain equipment regularly to keep its good working state. As for the construction sites with a little larger noise, install temporary acoustic screen. As for the large construction structures, especially those used in many overcrosses in this project, they will be prefabricated outside the construction sites and then will be transported to the construction sites to erect. As for the construction which is necessary to be performed at night, the contractor must submit it to the People's Government of Wuhan City for approval in advance of construction; the project construction office will install sound insulation windows at the influenced sensitive points according to the requirements of this environment management plan ahead of 15 days before construction and release its construction report on the newspaper before 2 days. The telephone for complaint will be given on the newspaper and in the construction sites. 11.7.2.2 Ambient air 266 The contractor will take charge of performing the following relief measures to prevent the dust pollution. According to the requirements of the People's Government of Wuhan City, the contractor must use protection materials to prevent the flying dust in removing the buildings and constructing road and buildings. Appoint a worker in charge of water spray to each construction contract section to take charge of spraying the construction sites and the construction passages. The spraying frequency will be determined by the weather. In common weather, spraying will be carried out four time a day, namely in the morning (7:30-8:30), at noon( 12:00-13:00) and in the evening ( 17:30-19:00) as well as the peak time. In dry and windy weather(wind power exceeds grade 3), spray once per two hours. The viehicle transporting cement, construction materials and construction rubbish shall be covered with tarpaulin to reduce falling; wash the carriage and the tyre with water before the vehicles go out of the loading or unloading sites; the truck shall avoid to pass through the central area of the city and try to avoid the resident area as well as the sensitive points. Appoint one full-time managerial person of environment protection to each construction contract section, whose responsibilities is to guide and manage the disposal, transport and storage of waste from the project, construction rubbish and construction materials, recover and harden the sites, clear the mud, waste materials on the road in construction site as well as the mud on the tyre to prevent the second flying of the dust. According to the investigation on the PM 10 density change around the construction site, the material factory, mixing station and other temporary materials factories in construction must be over 50m away from the resident area and sensitive points of environment. During construction, traffic administration will do well in traffic management in urban area. According to construction plan, set warning signs at the entrance to the city to remind the vehicles of traveling from the external roads around the city. Do well in traffic management on external roads to ensure the unblocking of the roads and prevent the traffic jar so as to reduce the influences from the waste gas of the vehicle on the environment and air. If the vehicles is blocked due to the road construction in urban area, the traffic management department can set down the instant vehicle traveling management method, for example, regulating the traveling route for the taxi with odd and even date, prohibiting turning left at the main crossing and setting one-way lane and so on. 11.7.2.3 Water environment The contractor will take the following measures to reduce the influences from construction activities on water environment to the min degree. Prohibit draining and flowing waste water from construction randomly. Clear the construction site in time, only when the waste water from construction is treated in the temporary sand settlement bank can it be drained into the drains to prevent some little matters such as sands and some sundries such as some construction rubbish from being 267 draining into drain pipeline. Prohibit storing construction materials and rubbish at the place where the waste water from the construction sites enter the drains and pay attention to clearing the accumulating mud to prevent drain pipeline from jar. The toilet for contractors in construction site shall set temporary cesspool and the dejecta sewage will be drained into the drain after pretreatment in cesspool. Besides enforcing management on the drainage of living waste water, the contractor shall offer training to the contractor on basic environmental protection to improve the consciousness and responsibility of environmental protection. 11.7.2.4 Recovery of vegetation As for the green belt occupied by the contractor due to storing raw materials, construction passage and construction sites, it shall be recovered after completing the project. As for the trees in the place where the raw materials for construction are stored, on the construction passage and in the construction sites, if they can be planted in another place, take protective measures to plant them in another place. As for the trees in the place where the raw materials for construction are stored, on the construction passage and in the construction sites, if it is necessary to cut them due to the construction need while they can not be planted in another places, they will be compensated according to the principle of "cutting one, compensating two". There will be 4542 trees to be cut within the range of the project and 9084 trees will be planted as the compensation after the project is accomplished. 11.7.2.5 Community The following measures will be taken to reduce the bad influences on the community from the construction of the project. All of the roads under reconstruction in urban area will be constructed in self-closed manner and leave passages for the walkmen, bicycles and buses. Build temporary roads and temporary bridge for the units and the residents along the line and set necessary safe measures to ensure the unit and the residents can go out conveniently and safely; at the same time perform centralized construction and quicken the construction progress to reduce the influences on the communities. As for the section where some schools is located, carry out construction in the summer holiday or in the holidays to reduce the influences on the going of the students. All of the construction materials will be placed in the special sites in order according to the classification and type, clear and transport the waste from the construction in time to reduce the influences on the land occupied by the materials and the traffic. As for the resident areas and the units that are separated due to being removed, rebuild the fence within one month after accomplishing removing to reduce the influences from the external environment on the community security. 268 During the construction of ramp of Changjiang Second Bridge and the over cross at Qiaokou Road, build safety passage and take safe measures to ensure the safety of the pedestrians. The hospital can anew establish its gate, so does the school; at the same time, set some facilities such as gangway and guard fence. 11.7.2.6 Traffic During construction, the traffic flow on the neighbor or related sections will increase and the vehicles will be crowd and the traveling speed will slow due to the of the construction sections or prohibiting the traveling of the vehicle, as a result, the traffic jam will become from bad to worse. The following measures will be taken to reduce the traffic pressure. When setting down road construction plan, pay attention to planning and reasonable arrangement; at the same time perform construction in different period to reduce the traffic jam due to the same direction of the vehicles. In order to prevent the cut of traffic due to road construction so as to have influences on the going of the units and the residents, this project will be constructed in self-closed manner and allow the buses and the bicycles to travel while prohibit the traveling of the vehicles through Hubei Province to ensure the unblocking of the buses. In the busy section, the crossing of the road can not be constructed in fully closed manner, but in semi-closed manner, at the same time set one-way street to ensure the unblocking of the bus. Enforce traffic management and organization All of the vehicles through Wuhan shall travel along the external ring route and it is prohibited to cross the urban area to reduce the traffic pressure of the roads in urban area. Control the variation and the type of the passing vehicles, set lane on the special sections and increase the change circle of traffic indication light to try to reduce the traffic flow on the main truck. Organize circumambulating line and bicycle line. Perform scientific management and improve the quality of the traffic policemen to enforce traffic management ability; emphasize on improving the quality of the drivers to reduce the traffic jar due to the man-made factors. Set iron separation fence at both sides of the tracks of the roads for vehicles in main urban areas to warn the walkmen not to cross the road. Enforce the management on the anchoring vehicles on the road and make it leave as quickly as possible to avoid the influences on the normal passing of the vehicles so as to increase the passing ability of the traffic of the roads. 11.7.2.7 Vibration In the construction duration, we'll take the following measures to reduce the vibration influences. Prohibit using steam, internal combustion or hammer pile driver, recommend to use bored piles. 269 Unless there is emergencies(emergent repair, emergent rescue), at night (22: 00-6: 00) we will not use any construction equipment with great vibration influences. However, if the equipment that is necessary due to the continuous production, it shall be submitted 3 days ahead to Wuhan Bureau of Environmental Protection and it will be ready for approval from the People's Government. Meanwhile, the influenced units and persons should be informed through media or other channels. The contractor must set signs at striking sites and give the telephone for complaint, names of the project, the contractor and the building unit. Select construction equipment with low noise and vibration, and maintain it regularly. 11.7.2.8 Municipal facilities 2 days before the construction, the contractor releases public notice on newspaper or television to the public to make preparations. If the water is cut off over 2 days, we'll use water supply truck to supply the influenced people with water. Stoppage of power, gas or water that may be caused by construction will be arranged at night (22: 00-6: 00) as much as possible. 11.7.2.9 Cultural and historic sites This project contains no construction activities within the state's, provincial and municipal protection and construction of relics-protecting units released by riles-protecting departments of Wuhan. Moreover, the other construction activities also have slight effects on them, so this environmental management plan suggests no reducing measures to the already released relics-protecting units. According to Practice Measures of Protection of Wuhan Riles, in the period of removal and construction, if any underground relics is discovered, the contractor must stop construction immediately, inform the relics-protecting departments in Wuhan, and arrange construction activities according to the suggestions from the departments. The contractor vill release the news to the public through the media. If the water must be cut off over two days, we'll use water supply truck to supply water to the influenced people and turn on power supply and gas, or we'll cut off power supply and gas at night(22: 00-6:00). 11.7.3 Operation stage 11.7.3.1 Noise control and quality improvement in urban acoustic environment Wuhan Bureau of Environment Protection takes charge of the sustained improvement of noise standard of vehicle. The Traffic Administration of Wuhan Bureau of Public Security, together with Wuhan Environment Monitoring Station, is in charge of the regular inspection of the vehicle noise and monitoring of improvement of vehicles out of standard. Vehicles that are far out of standard will be rejected. The noise-controlling plan and objectives of each vehicle will be established to reduce its noise values step by step. The department of traffic police is in charge of enforcing rules and regulations of urban traffic 270 management, such as prohibiting overload or overlarge vehicle to travel on the viaduct and limiting the traveling speed of vehicle especially at night. Wuhan Urban Administration is in charge of reducing the road vibration and maintaining the sound insulation (acoustic screen) equipment regularly, repairing and maintaining the road surface. 11.7.3.2 Vibration During operation, under the condition of unchanged ratio of vehicle type and speed, the vibration degree at both sides of the road will increase with damage degree of the road surface day by day; If the condition of the road surface remains intact, the vibration degree ascent with the increase ratio of the vehicle type (especially the ratio of large and mediate vehicles), and with the increase of traveling speed. If the road surface is more deeply damaged and the ratio of vehicle type (especially the proportion of large and mediate) and traveling speed are increase, the vibration degree at both sides of the road will also be largely increased. To prevent and reduce the influences on the vibration environment at both sides of the road during the operation and to make it in accordance with the requirement of GBI0070-88 Vibration Standards of Urban Regional Environment, we must take the corresponding measures of traffic management. The department of traffic police is in charge of establishing the urban road and traffic administration system, for example, it rigidly limits the overload traveling on the vibration-sensitive road at night and prohibits high speed traveling in the urban area especially the heavy and mediate vehicle. Wuhan Urban Administration is in charge of maintaining the road according to the related regulations. 11.7.3.3 Ambient air To constantly improve the environment and air quality of Wuhan city, this project invests partly in controlling the waste gas from the vehicle. 11.7.3.3.1 Continue to perform the existing measures on controlling the waste gas from the vehicles. Wuhan has made very much progress in controlling the waste gas from the vehicle, in the coming future it will continue to performn and enforce these measures to control the waste gas from the vehicle. Enforce management on the sales of new-type vehicles, make sample inspection regularly on all kinds of new ones in the market, and carry on the sale rules of standard waste discharge. Reject the vehicle strictly according to the state Vehicle Rejection Standard. All of the rejected vehicles must be recycled and mustn't be reselled or transferred. Reinforce controlling the waste gas from the vehicle, perform the regulations on the annual and random inspection on vehicle discharge in all round, make the vehicle that's out of 271 standard up to the standard in a limited period, gradually take the measures of double idling inspection of waste gas from vehicle from 2007, and perform the measure of I/M inspection. Control the increasing speed of the vehicle, especially the newly increasing taxis, motorbikes and mini motorbikes. 11.7.3.3.2 Controlling the waste gas from vehicle The research on optical measures of controlling waste gas from vehicle will be included in this project. The project will review and evaluate the effect of the existing measures, technology and policies of controlling the waste gas from vehicle, and take lessons from other cities to set down the action scheme to control the waste gas from vehicle in Wuhan. Two measures of controlling the waste gas from vehicle will be listed ahead of the above action scheme and carried out during the construction of this project. They are: Purchase and use a movable ambient air monitoring minibus and a movable tail gas monitoring minibus to enforce the I/M system. Increase 2 fixed automatic air monitoring stations and a central control room to promote the environment and air quality inspection system in Wuhan. 11.7.3.3.3 Improve the public traffic Establish the information management and dispatch system of urban public traffic in Wuhan to improve the level of public traffic management and service; Establish 11 public traffic junction stations, 12 public traffic starting stations and terminations, 14 public traffic midway harbor stations; Take policy of placing public traffic in priority; In the next five years optimize and readjust 117 public traffic lines and newly opened 53 lines. The implementation of these measures will effectively reduce the pollution of waste gas from vehicle in Wuhan and have positive significance in improving the environment and air quality of Wuhan. 11.7.3.3.4 Road improvement The two sub-projects of road maintenance as well as traffic management and security in this project aim at taking full advantage of road resources, improving road and traffic conditions, and increasing the flat level of the road surface through managing and engineering measures, such as establishing area traffic control system (ATC, intersection channelization, set separate belt of vehicle and non-vehicle. They also aim at decreasing vehicle start-stop frequency and increasing vehicle traveling speed. The implementation of these measures will largely relieve the pollution of waste gas from vehicle in Wuhan. 11.7.3.4 Landscape This project will protect the trees and green belts along the sides of the road reconstructed and expanded to the utmost. as well as plant trees and grass by the two sides of the newly built road according to the different structures of the roads. The work will be carried out by Wuhan Landscape Bureau. The principle of compensating the vegetation damaged due to this project is "cutting one, 272 compensating two". The project totally cut 4542 trees in all construction sections. Therefore, it will have to compensate 9084 trees in all according to this principle. 11.7.3.5 Sunlight Continue to strictly control the height of the buildings by the two sides of the roads as well as the distance between the sunlight sensitive buildings and the red line on the road. 11.7.3.6 water environment Further improve the layout of drain pipe line all over the city, enforce the management on the sewage disposal equipment in the public traffic stations and start-stop stations to make the discharge of sewage up to the standards. 11.8 Evaluation and Conclusion The construction duration and operation period of this project will inevitably cause a number of adverse effects, which may be mitigated or minimized by some corresponding measures. Besides, the construction of this project can improve the infrastructure and management level of traffic as well as the environment and air quality in Wuhan. 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