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A SURVEY of HANCOCK COUNTY, INDIANA Grant #21517-7

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A SURVEY of HANCOCK COUNTY, INDIANA Grant #21517-7 A PROFILE OF TILL PLAIN ARCHAEOLOGY: A SURVEY OF HANCOCK COUNTY, INDIANA Grant #21517-7 by Beth K. McCord with sections by Donald R. Cochran Jamie Meece JuttaVogelbacher Reports of Investigation 71 Volume 1 July 2007 Archaeological Resources Management Service Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306-0435 A PROFILE OF TILL PLAIN ARCHAEOLOGY: A SURVEY OF HANCOCK COUNTY, INDIANA Grant #21517-7 by Beth K. McCord with sections by Donald R. Cochran Jamie Meece Jutta Vogelbacher Reports of Investigation 71 Volume 1 July 2007 Archaeological Resources Management Service Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306-0435 Phone: 765-285-5328 Fax: 765-285-2163 Web Address: http://arms.iweb.bsu.edu/ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF STATE AND FEDERAL ASSISSTANCE This project has received federal financial assistance for the identification, protection and/or rehabilitation of historic properties and cultural resources in the State of Indiana. However, the contents and opinions contained in this publication do not necessarily reflect the view or policies of the Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin or disability in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office for Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240. ii ACKNOWLEDEMENTS This project would not have been possible without funding furnished in part by a Department of the Interior grant administered by the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Ball State University provided the matching funds. I would like to thank the DHPA Grants staff of Steve Kennedy and Malia Savarino for their assistance on this project. Amy Johnson of the DHPA Archaeology section also gave assistance and reviewed this project. Thanks to the Contracts and Grants staff at Ball State, especially Jay Javed, for managing this project. I want to recognize the kindness and cooperation of the landowners involved in the project: Mrs. Cathy Adkins, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Alexander, Mr. Irvin Chalfant, Mr. and Mrs. Gary Edwards, Mr. G. William Every, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hart, Mr. Ray Helms, Mr. Glen Jourdan, Kingen Farms, Inc., Mr. Norman Laufer, Mr. Robert A. Petty, Mr. Jack Proper, and Mr. Chalmer Schlosser. Without the generosity of the property owners this project would have never been completed. Thank you. Mr. Greg Roland and Mrs. Melva Smith of the Hancock County Historic Society graciously hosted a presentation for Archaeology Month and provided access to their collections. Mr. Gary Edwards, Mr. Ray Helms, and Mr. Tom Van Duyn all provided generous access to their artifact collections. I would especially like to thank Mr. Van Duyn all of the work he did for this project. Several other residents also offered their information on the prehistory and history of the county. Thank you all for your interest. The field work was conducted by several people. The BSU field school students initiated the survey. Brent Alexander, Christa Barlebeen, Tiffany Bevins, Matt Collins, Monica DeCarlo and Julie Koogler have my sincere appreciation. ARMS staff that worked on the survey included: Don Cochran, Cameron Cox, Julie Koogler, Jamie Meece, Jan Northam and Andy Smith. Mr. Bobby Manning volunteered his time for the survey. You made the survey enjoyable even in the Brookston soils. Laboratory processing was conducted by the field school students and Rachel Klabecka, Julie Koogler, and Anna Smitherman. Jan Northam supervised the cataloguing. Artifact identification was assisted by Don Cochran. Thanks. Secretarial support was provided by Anna Smitherman and Jamie Cochran-Smith. Thank you ladies. I would like to recognize a few individuals for their outstanding work and support. Jamie Meece was the graduate assistant for this project and not only helped with the field survey, he identified most of the artifacts from private collections, conducted the windshield survey of historic resources, and filled out over 100 site forms. Andy Smith also helped with the field survey, took all of the artifact photographs and filled out over iii 60 site forms. Jutta Vogelbacher conducted the majority of the German Settlement investigation provide a native German’s insight. Don Cochran worked tirelessly on determining the origins of Fall Creek chert and he wrote the sections pertaining to chert. Don also served as the Co-PI for this project and helped during every phase of the project. I greatly appreciate his editorial assistance with the German Settlement section and the entire report. Mitch Zoll provided his usual sage advice and kept all the paperwork straight. I’ll miss working with Mitch. Thank you all for your help. iv ABSTRACT This Historic Preservation Fund grant project investigated the archaeological resources of Hancock County. Nearly 800 acres of agricultural land were surveyed by pedestrian transects. The survey recorded 161 new archaeological sites, recovered 702 prehistoric artifacts and 950 historic artifacts from 14 locations across the county. The project also visited over 100 historically documented sites and recorded 13 new and two previously recorded sites German Settlement in Sugar Creek Township was investigated. Several local collections were reviewed and correlated to 17 archaeological sites. In total, 193 archaeological site inventory forms were completed. To assist in the management of archaeological data from Hancock County, a GIS database was also created. The information obtained from this project was then compared to regional information. While Hancock County archaeology is analogous to the till plain region, unique environmental characteristics distinguish the county. The abundance of poorly drained soils in the county amplifies the relationship of well drained soils and prehistoric settlement. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF STATE AND FEDERAL ASSISSTANCE ...................... ii ACKNOWLEDEMENTS..................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT........................................................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ xii INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 2 Natural Setting ................................................................................................................ 2 Location ...................................................................................................................... 2 Geology....................................................................................................................... 3 Chert – by Donald R. Cochran.................................................................................... 3 Glacial History............................................................................................................ 4 Physiography............................................................................................................... 4 Soils............................................................................................................................. 5 Water Resources ......................................................................................................... 6 Climate........................................................................................................................ 8 Flora ............................................................................................................................ 9 Fauna......................................................................................................................... 11 Summary................................................................................................................... 12 Archaeological Setting.................................................................................................. 13 Culture History.......................................................................................................... 13 Previous Archaeological Investigations.................................................................... 16 Regional Prehistoric Information.............................................................................. 18 Historic...................................................................................................................... 21 PEDESTRIAN SURVEY ................................................................................................. 23 Introduction................................................................................................................... 23 Field Survey Methods..................................................................................................
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