Biosemiotica E Semiotica Generale in Giorgio Prodi
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BIOSEMIOSIS and CAUSATION: DEFENDING BIOSEMIOTICS THROUGH ROSEN’S THEORETICAL BIOLOGY OR INTEGRATING BIOSEMIOTICS and ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS THEORY1 Arran Gare
Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, vol. 15, no. 1, 2019 BIOSEMIOSIS AND CAUSATION: DEFENDING BIOSEMIOTICS THROUGH ROSEN’S THEORETICAL BIOLOGY OR INTEGRATING BIOSEMIOTICS AND 1 ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS THEORY Arran Gare ABSTRACT: The fracture in the emerging discipline of biosemiotics when the code biologist Marcello Barbieri claimed that Peircian biosemiotics is not genuine science raises anew the question: What is science? When it comes to radically new approaches in science, there is no simple answer to this question, because if successful, these new approaches change what is understood to be science. This is what Galileo, Darwin and Einstein did to science, and with quantum theory, opposing interpretations are not merely about what theory is right, but what is real science. Peirce’s work, as he acknowledged, is really a continuation of efforts of Schelling to challenge the heritage of Newtonian science for the very good reason that the deep assumptions of Newtonian science had made sentient life, human consciousness and free will unintelligible, the condition for there being science. Pointing out the need for such a revolution in science has not succeeded as a defence of Peircian biosemiotics, however. In this paper, I will defend the scientific credentials of Peircian biosemiotics by relating it to the theoretical biology of the bio-mathematician, Robert Rosen. Rosen’s relational biology, focusing on anticipatory systems and giving a place to final causes, should also be seen as a rigorous development of the Schellingian project to conceive nature in such a way that the emergence of sentient life, mind and science are intelligible. -
Umberto Eco on the Biosemiotics of Giorgio Prodi
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Journals from University of Tartu 352 Kalevi Kull Sign Systems Studies 46(2/3), 2018, 352–364 Umberto Eco on the biosemiotics of Giorgio Prodi Kalevi Kull Department of Semiotics University of Tartu Jakobi 2, Tartu 51005, Estonia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article provides a commentary on Umberto Eco’s text “Giorgio Prodi and the lower threshold of semiotics”. An annotated list of Prodi’s English-language publications on semiotics is included. Keywords: history of biosemiotics; lower semiotic threshold; medical semiotics Biology is pure natural semiotics. Prodi 1986b: 122 Is it by law or by nature that the image of Mickey Mouse reminds us of a mouse? Eco 1999: 339 “When I discovered the research of Giorgio Prodi on biosemiotics I was the person to publish his book that maybe I was not in total agreement with, but I found it was absolutely important to speak about those things”, Umberto Eco said during our conversation in Milan in 2012. Indeed, two books by Prodi – Orizzonti della genetica (Prodi 1979; series Espresso Strumenti) and La storia naturale della logica (Prodi 1982; series Studi Bompiani: Il campo semiotico) – appeared in series edited by Eco. Giorgio Prodi was a biologist whom Eco highly valued, an expert and an encyclopedia for him in the fields of biology and medicine, a scholar whose work in biosemiotics Eco took very seriously. Eco spoke about this in a talk from 1988 (Eco 2018), saying that he had been suspicious of semiotic approaches to cells until he met Prodi in 1974. -
University of Copenhagen, Solvgade 83, DK 1307 Copenhagen, Denmark; E-Mail: [email protected] 488 Kalevi Kull, Jesper Hoffmeyer from Medical Science
Thure von Uexküll 1908-2004 Kull, Kalevi; Hoffmeyer, Jesper Published in: Sign Systems Studies Publication date: 2005 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Kull, K., & Hoffmeyer, J. (2005). Thure von Uexküll 1908-2004. Sign Systems Studies, 33(2), 487-494. Download date: 29. sep.. 2021 Sign Systems Studies 33.2, 2005 Thure von Uexküll 1908–2004 Kalevi Kull,1 Jesper Hoffmeyer2 Looking back in 2001, Thomas Sebeok (1920– 2001) emphasized how important for the forma- tion of contemporary biosemiotics had been the discussions that he, Giorgio Prodi (1929–1988) and Thure von Uexküll conducted in Freiburg in the 1970s (Sebeok 2001: 63–65). As one of these three main figures, Thure von Uexküll signifi- cantly contributed to the realignment of the se- miotic threshold (i.e., the threshold below which genuine sign action cannot properly be said to take place) from the borderline between nature and culture to the borderline separating life from non-life — thus effectively making the study of living systems a study of semiosis (Anderson et al. 1984; 1990). His writings on the development of the main concepts of biosemiotics and on the interpretation of Jakob von Uexküll’s work in relation to thereof certainly qualify as biosemiotic classics. As a physician and philosopher, he developed a semiotic approach to medicine in general and to psychosomatic medicine in parti- Fig. 1. Dr. honoris causa, cular. As a semiotician, he renewed ties with the University of Tartu, old roots of semiotics deriving (since Antiquity) Dec. 1, 1994. 1 Author’s address: Kalevi Kull, Department of Semiotics, University of Tartu, Tiigi Str. -
Thomas A. Sebeok and Biology: Building Biosemiotics
Cybernetics And Human Knowing. Vol. 10, no. 1, pp. xx-xx Thomas A. Sebeok and biology: Building biosemiotics Kalevi Kull1 Abstract: The paper attempts to review the impact of Thomas A. Sebeok (1920–2001) on biosemiotics, or semiotic biology, including both his work as a theoretician in the field and his activity in organising, publishing, and communicating. The major points of his work in the field of biosemiotics concern the establishing of zoosemiotics, interpretation and development of Jakob v. Uexküll’s and Heini Hediger’s ideas, typological and comparative study of semiotic phenomena in living organisms, evolution of semiosis, the coincidence of semiosphere and biosphere, research on the history of biosemiotics. Keywords: semiotic biology, zoosemiotics, endosemiotics, biosemiotic paradigm, semiosphere, biocommunication, theoretical biology “Culture,” so-called, is implanted in nature; the environment, or Umwelt, is a model generated by the organism. Semiosis links them. T. A. Sebeok (2001c, p. vii) When an organic body is dead, it does not carry images any more. This is a general feature that distinguishes complex forms of life from non-life. The images of the organism and of its images, however, can be carried then by other, living bodies. The images are singular categories, which means that they are individual in principle. The identity of organic images cannot be of mathematical type, because it is based on the recognition of similar forms and not on the sameness. The organic identity is, therefore, again categorical, i.e., singular. Thus, in order to understand the nature of images, we need to know what life is, we need biology — a biology that can deal with phenomena of representation, recognition, categorisation, communication, and meaning. -
A Short History of Biosemiotics
Biosemiotics (2009) 2:221–245 DOI 10.1007/s12304-009-9042-8 ORIGINAL PAPER A Short History of Biosemiotics Marcello Barbieri Received: 20 March 2009 /Accepted: 14 April 2009 / Published online: 6 May 2009 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009 Abstract Biosemiotics is the synthesis of biology and semiotics, and its main purpose is to show that semiosis is a fundamental component of life, i.e., that signs and meaning exist in all living systems. This idea started circulating in the 1960s and was proposed independently from enquires taking place at both ends of the Scala Naturae. At the molecular end it was expressed by Howard Pattee’s analysis of the genetic code, whereas at the human end it took the form of Thomas Sebeok’s investigation into the biological roots of culture. Other proposals appeared in the years that followed and gave origin to different theoretical frameworks, or different schools, of biosemiotics. They are: (1) the physical biosemiotics of Howard Pattee and its extension in Darwinian biosemiotics by Howard Pattee and by Terrence Deacon, (2) the zoosemiotics proposed by Thomas Sebeok and its extension in sign biosemiotics developed by Thomas Sebeok and by Jesper Hoffmeyer, (3) the code biosemiotics of Marcello Barbieri and (4) the hermeneutic biosemiotics of Anton Markoš. The differences that exist between the schools are a consequence of their different models of semiosis, but that is only the tip of the iceberg. In reality they go much deeper and concern the very nature of the new discipline. Is biosemiotics only a new way of looking at the known facts of biology or does it predict new facts? Does biosemiotics consist of testable hypotheses? Does it add anything to the history of life and to our understanding of evolution? These are the major issues of the young discipline, and the purpose of the present paper is to illustrate them by describing the origin and the historical development of its main schools. -
A Study by Umberto Eco and His Colleagues Onsign the Systems History Studies of Early 46(2/3), Zoosemiotics 2018, 383–391 383
A study by Umberto Eco and his colleagues onSign the Systems history Studies of early 46(2/3), zoosemiotics 2018, 383–391 383 A study by Umberto Eco and his colleagues on the history of early zoosemiotics: Commentary and bibliography Kalevi Kull Department of Semiotics University of Tartu Jakobi 2, Tartu 51005, Estonia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article provides a commentary on Umberto Eco’s text “Animal language before Sebeok”, and an annotated bibliography of various versions of the article on ‘latratus canis’ that Eco published together with Roberto Lambertini, Costantino Marmo, and Andrea Tabarroni. Keywords: cognitive semiotics; history of biosemiotics; medieval semiotics; zoo- semiotics Semiosis assumes choice – even if the organism is not aware of it. For instance, a dog who starts to bark is not an automaton – at least during a brief moment it can (subconsciously) choose either to do so or not. This moment of confusion while facing the possibilities and working out the action is sign process proper – the quantum of communication – that slowly becomes understandable through the semiotic studies of living beings. The history of zoosemiotic studies is well described in an anthology compiled by Timo Maran, Dario Martinelli and Aleksei Turovski (2011). Its focus is on the 20th century, when zoosemiotics received its name and became institutionalized, earlier views are concisely described under the title “Prehistory” (Maran et al. 2011: 23–29). A broader account is given by Donald Favareau (2010). Research into the history of early zoosemiotics, preceding the 19th century, has expanded and remarkably intensified in recent years. -
Sebeok's Semiosic Universe and Global Semiotics
Sebeok’s semiosic universe and global semiotics Susan Petrilli On the belief that the universe is a semiosic web Sebeok placed no limits on semiotic inquiry as he chose to conduct it. In terms of fields of semiosis and objects of analysis Sebeok’s interests ranged from his studies in biology to his reflections relatively to lingusitics, cybernetics, and artificial intelligence, his musements relatively to narrative esthetic signs, his interest in ecology and the signs of deception, sometimes inventing new disciplines to focus on specific aspects in the life of signs, such as “zoosemiotics” and “biosemiotics”. Even more significant is his method of inquiry and its ontological foundations. Sebeok was a convinced critic of code semiotics and the restriction of its focus to the human social world, privileging the instruments of interpretation semiotics which best account for his axiom that life is the criterial attribute of semiosis. Working in such a direction he created the conditions for his “global semiotics”, an approach capable of conceiving the totality of semiosis, the great semiobiosphere, in a detotalizing perspective, that is, in its interrelated plurality and diversification. The play of musement is a specifically human capacity theorized by Sebeok with his biosemiotic interpretation of the concept of language as a syntactic modeling device, to which he lives up to with his life as a researcher and critical interpreter of signs beyond prejudicial boundaries, even perhaps beyond the signs of life. 1. Sebeok’s semiosic universe 1.1. Signs, other signs and more... Thomas A. Sebeok began his studies in higher education during the second half of the thirties at Cambridge. -
Translating Jakob Von Uexküll — Reframing Umweltlehre As Biosemiotics
Sign Systems Studies 37(1/2), 2009 Translating Jakob von Uexküll — Reframing Umweltlehre as biosemiotics Prisca Augustyn Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton [email protected] Abstract. Thomas Sebeok attributed it to what he called the ‘wretched’ translation of Uexküll’s Theoretische Biologie (1920) that the notion of Umwelt did not reach the Anglo-American intellectual community much earlier. There is no doubt that making more of Uexküll’s Umweltlehre available in English will not only further the biosemiotic movement, but also fill a gap in the foundational theoretical canon of semiotics in general. The purpose of this paper is to address issues of termino- logy and theory translation between Uexküll’s Umweltlehre and current biosemio- tics. Jene reine Sprache, die in fremde gebannt ist, in der eigenen zu erlösen, die im Werk gefangene in der Umdichtung zu befreien, ist die Aufgabe des Übersetzers. Walter Benjamin (1972 [1923]: 19) 1. Unlocking the pure language of Uexküll’s Umweltlehre Upon the opening of the Jakob von Uexküll-Archiv für Umwelt- forschung und Biosemiotik in Hamburg in 2004, Jesper Hoffmeyer as one of the preeminent interpreters of Uexküll’s Umweltlehre believes that Uexküll’s work is still “in need of clarification” and that the “biosemiotic reframing of biological theory”, that has only taken its 282 Prisca Augustyn first steps, “can be fruitfully informed by the work of the pioneer” (Hoffmeyer 2004: 74). His hope for the archive was that it could be a “meeting place between historical writings and emerging new agen- das” (Hoffmeyer 2004: 74). The purpose of this paper is to address some insights and concerns related to an Uexküll translation project; and to determine how translating Uexküll’s work will contribute to the clarification and biosemiotic reframing of Uexküll’s Umweltlehre. -
Biosemiotics by Giorgio Prodi: a Postscript
Biosemiotics by Giorgio Prodi: A Postscript Kalevi Kull Giorgio Prodi was a co-founder of the biosemiotic field—the biosemiotic science or the contemporary interdiscipline of biosemiotics1—due to his works from the 1970s and 1980s. Prodi wrote much, but almost only in Italian. Thomas Sebeok dedicated the first volume ever published under the title Biosemiotics to him, with the inscrip- tion “In memoriam: Giorgio Prodi (1928–1987): bold trailblazer of contemporary biosemiotics” (Sebeok and Umiker-Sebeok 1992: v). Donald Favareau included Prodi in his list of 24 essential authors of biosemiotics in the first ever anthology of biosemiotics (Favareau 2010a, b; Prodi 2010a). Thus, Prodi is a classic in the field. However, an in-depth analysis of his work from a biosemiotic point of view has hitherto still been absent. So it was obvious, after learning that Felice Cimatti has written both about zoose- miotics (Cimatti 1998) and about Prodi (Cimatti 2000a) in Italian, to ask him to publish an article on Prodi’s biosemiotics in English (Cimatti 2000b) and, since he had published a whole book about Prodi in Italian, to publish also an updated ver- sion in English—which is what we have here.2 Prodi was a very productive writer. The list of his publications (Prodi 1987) divides his works into two categories. The category “scientific” includes 10 books (all in Italian, except 1 edited volume of conference proceedings in English) and 324 articles3 (most of these with co-authors, 178 in English, a few in French, the rest in Italian). The category “philosophical and literary” includes 13 books (all in 1 Favareu 2010a: 280. -
Human Responsibility in the Universe of 'Global Semiotics'*
Human responsibility in the universe of ‘Global Semiotics’* SUSAN PETRILLI Biology and the social sciences, ethology and linguistics, psychology and the health sciences, their internal specializations – from genetics to medical semeiotics (sympomatology), psychoanalysis, gerontology and immunology – all find in Sebeok’s global semiotics the place of encounter and reciprocal exchange, as well as of systematization and unification. However, it is important to note that ‘systematization’ and ‘unification’ are not understood neopositivistically, in the static terms of an ‘encyclopedia’, whether in the form of the juxtaposition of knowledge and linguistic practices or of the reduction of knowledge to a single scientific field and its relative languages (neopositivistic physicalism). Global semiotics may be presented as a metascience concerned with all academic disciplines that are sign- related. It cannot be reduced to the status of philosophy of science, though of course as a science it is dialogically engaged with philosophy. Such a global view is possible for human beings in so far as we are semiotic animals: consequently, the question is what is our responsibility towards life and towards the universe in its globality? Signs of the semiosic universe The manifold aspects of the ‘semiosic universe’ as they emerge from Thomas A. Sebeok’s semiotic research include: — The life of signs and the signs of life as described by the biological sciences: the signs of animal life and of specifically human life, of adult life, of the organism’s relations with the environment, the signs of normal or pathological forms of dissolution and deterioration of communicative abilities. — Human verbal and nonverbal signs. Human nonverbal signs include signs which depend on natural languages and, on the contrary, signs which are not dependent on natural language and cannot be accounted for by the categories of linguistics. -
Giorgio Prodi and the Lower Threshold of Semiotics
Giorgio Prodi andSign the Systems lower Studiesthreshold 46(2/3), of semiotics 2018, 343–351 343 Giorgio Prodi and the lower threshold of semiotics Umberto Eco1 Abstract. Publication of a translation of the text of Umberto Eco’s talk given in honour of Giorgio Prodi in 1988. Keywords: biosemiotics; immunology; history of semiotics; semiotic threshold We are here to remember a man of ‘multifarious talent’ and I must resist the temptation of making it a global praise. If the talent of our deceased friend was multifarious, the praise must be multifarious, yet collective. Today, I propose to recall only the contribution made by Giorgio Prodi to an issue debated within the field of semiotics for a long time. It should be made clear that regarding Giorgio Prodi as a scientist, a scholar and a thinker, today I do not intend to celebrate even just the thinker, the author of books that span from logic to aesthetics, from ethics to the theory of culture. By doing so, one would risk saying that Giorgio Prodi was an exceptional man, which is well known, but one would utter but a heart-warming generality. One can be an exceptional character as St. Francis or Jack the Ripper, and it is undoubtedly exceptional for a man to have cultivated so numerous and so diverse fields of knowledge without being amateurish in any of them. This is why it is important for us to understand what he realized in a specific domain, and, on the basis of that, – and through that, if at all – fairly cast light on the other fields, with no pretence to outline the work of a lifetime in the space of a short account. -
BIOSEMIOSIS and CAUSATION: DEFENDING BIOSEMIOTICS THROUGH ROSEN’S THEORETICAL BIOLOGY OR INTEGRATING BIOSEMIOTICS and ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS THEORY1 Arran Gare
Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, vol. 15, no. 1, 2019 BIOSEMIOSIS AND CAUSATION: DEFENDING BIOSEMIOTICS THROUGH ROSEN’S THEORETICAL BIOLOGY OR INTEGRATING BIOSEMIOTICS AND 1 ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS THEORY Arran Gare ABSTRACT: The fracture in the emerging discipline of biosemiotics when the code biologist Marcello Barbieri claimed that Peircian biosemiotics is not genuine science raises anew the question: What is science? When it comes to radically new approaches in science, there is no simple answer to this question, because if successful, these new approaches change what is understood to be science. This is what Galileo, Darwin and Einstein did to science, and with quantum theory, opposing interpretations are not merely about what theory is right, but what is real science. Peirce’s work, as he acknowledged, is really a continuation of efforts of Schelling to challenge the heritage of Newtonian science for the very good reason that the deep assumptions of Newtonian science had made sentient life, human consciousness and free will unintelligible, the condition for there being science. Pointing out the need for such a revolution in science has not succeeded as a defence of Peircian biosemiotics, however. In this paper, I will defend the scientific credentials of Peircian biosemiotics by relating it to the theoretical biology of the bio-mathematician, Robert Rosen. Rosen’s relational biology, focusing on anticipatory systems and giving a place to final causes, should also be seen as a rigorous development of the Schellingian project to conceive nature in such a way that the emergence of sentient life, mind and science are intelligible.