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365 Aarsleff, Hans, 320–21 Absolutism, 9, 38, 39, 248 index.qxd 03/09/2000 8:37 AM Page 365 Index Aarsleff, Hans, 320–21 Antoninus Pius, 30 absolutism, 9, 38, 39, 248 Antwerp, 26 accounting practices, seventeenth- Appleby, Joyce Oldham, 12, 29, 269, 290, century, 6, 76, 203–4, 265. See also 292, 316, 328, 333, 340, 342–43 bookkeeping, double-entry Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 15, 31, 57, 89 Adventurers, Irish, 109 Aragon, 30, 128. See also Spain, Spanish Aesop, 31 language, customs or thought Africa, 180 arbitrage, 151, 257, 315 African Company, 189, 202, 231, 232, 309 Ariston of Chios (called “Aristen” by agora, Athenian, 15, 270 Malynes), 33 agrarian capitalism, 163–65, 319, 328. See Aristotle (or Aristotelian thought), 4, 21, also capitalism; wage-labor 23, 26, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37–38, 40, 49, 57, 58, Agricola, Georg, 213 67, 69, 79, 81, 90, 91, 95, 102, 104, 134, agricultural innovation. See land, 147, 159–60, 169, 172, 174, 180, 184, 186, improvement of 210, 211, 212, 224, 225, 245, 246, 253, 254, Albin, Benjamin, 131 255, 256, 260, 270, 272, 278, 279, 285, 288, alchemy, 31, 32, 56 295, 297, 318, 321, 331, 333 Alexander the Great, 79 Arminianism, 253 Allen, Robert C., 302 Arneil, Barbara, 318 Althusius, Johannes, 57, 288 Asgill, John, 113, 206, 215 Amboyna incident, 55, 284 Asgill-Barbon Bank, 206, 215, 329 America, 16, 123, 131, 141, 148, 180, 185, Ashton, Robert, 287, 292 195, 318, 319. See also individual Asia, 16, 180, 185 colonies Aspis (a serpent), 282 amour-propre, 3, 267 Aspromourgos, Tony, 117, 303, 304, 318, Amsterdam, Bank of, 139, 311; city of, 27, 321, 322, 338 54, 108, 311 Athens, 15, 324 Anglicanism, 307 Aubrey, John, 109, 300 Anne (queen of England), 223 autarky, 248 annuities, government sponsored, 219, Avery, Samuel, 284 220, 221 anonymous authors: (Britannia Bacon, Roger, 32 Languens), 74, 231; (Chaos), 23, 53, 183; Bacon, Sir Francis (or Baconian (A Compendious or Brief Examination), thought), 5, 10, 11, 24, 26, 33, 34, 39, 53, 95; (Englands Great Happiness), 74; 58, 64, 74, 89–90, 96, 108, 124, 125, (Interest of Money Mistaken), 139, 310, 128–29, 173, 174, 213, 216, 228, 256, 269, 311; (Usurie Arraigned ) 134, 183 293, 296, 303, 305, 306, 318–19, 322, 325 365 index.qxd 03/09/2000 8:37 AM Page 366 366 Index balance: of interests, 182–84; of payments, 21–25, 29, 34–38, 39, 58, 59, 61, 68, 83, 84, 91–92, 294; of power, 64, 181, 230; of 91, 94–97, 102, 104–6, 111, 112, 120, trade, 5, 45, 54, 56, 58, 61 64, 70, 72, 73, 183–84, 197, 207, 224, 229, 252, 255, 277 74, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 88, 89–97, 119, 121, Boisguilbert, Pierre le Pesant, Sieur de, 140–41, 144, 149, 151, 155, 159, 160, 107, 325 179–81, 185, 197, 205, 206, 207, 210–11, Bonar, James, 248, 340 226, 230–32, 243–44, 247, 248–49, 257, bookkeeping, double-entry, 20–21, 30, 57, 262, 264, 285, 293–94 78, 90–91, 119, 171, 180–81, 185, 186, 203, Baltic states, 54 229, 240, 242, 252, 255. See also account- Banbury, 188 ing practices, seventeenth-century Bank of England, 139, 205, 206, 220, 221, Book of Common Prayer, 56, 284 232, 334, 335 Book of Orders, 93 banks and banking: attitudes toward, 48, Borkenau, Franz, 303 113, 135, 137, 153, 157, 190, 202, 232–33, Bornitz, Jacob, 4 255, 261, 262, 263, 285, 339; deposit, 41, Botero, Giovanni, 4 48, 113, 153; land-banks, 113, 205, 206, Boswell, William, 284 215, 220, 301; national, 113, 220, 253; Bowley, Marian, 281, 292, 317, 330, 331 number of bankers, 132; role in foreign Boyle, Robert, 74, 101, 109, 147, 213, 215, exchange, 44, 48, 85, 190–91; social sta- 216, 318, 322 tus of investors in, 221, 335. See also Bracton, Henry de, 223 Mons pietatis; savings, linked to invest- Bramber, 206 ment; and individual banks Brandenburg, 241 Barbados, 141 Brems, Hans, 7, 117, 303 Barbon, Nicholas, 1, 5, 6, 74, 113, 184–85, Brenner, Robert, 287, 308 205–18, 247, 255, 256, 258, 260, 262, 263, Brewer, Anthony, 304 264, 265, 328, 329–34 Brewer, John, 334, 335, 342 Barebones (or Barbon), Praisegod, 6, 205, Brill, 53 215, 216 Briscoe, John, 206, 302, 329 Bartolus (Bartolodi Sassoferrato), 57 Bristol, 189, 241 Basadonna, John, 27 Bromley, Robert, 27 Basel, 32 Bruno, Giordano, 213, 215, 333 Bathurst, Ralph, 147 Buck, Peter, 321 Baxter, Richard, 23, 214, 318 bucket analogy, 327 Beale, John, 74, 75 Buckingham, ‹rst duke of (George Vil- Becher, Johann Joachim, 304 liers), 89 beekeeping, 28, 276 Buckingham, second duke of (George Beer, Max, 29, 247, 291, 293, 295, 312 Villiers), 131, 308 Berkeley, George (bishop), 215, 219, 333 bullion: attitudes toward exportation of, Bermuda, 59 54, 55, 69, 76, 78, 85, 137, 150, 152, 179, Besold, Christoph, 4 197, 254, 291, 294; bullionism (wealth Blackwall, 63 de‹ned as bullion), 83, 87, 89, 92, 120, Blaug, Mark, 290, 291, 316 144, 155, 179, 180, 186, 191, 209, 210, 247, Blount, Charles, 170 249, 254, 262, 330. See also balance, of Bodin, Jean, 4, 28, 30, 38, 51–52, 57, 70, 275, trade; coins; money, metallism; Procla- 276–77 matio contra Exportationem Bullionis; body politic as machine, 227, 254. See also statutes mechanical world view Buridan, Jean, 150, 314 body politic as social organism, 5, 11, 19, Burton, Robert, 22, 278 index.qxd 03/09/2000 8:37 AM Page 367 Index 367 Cadmus, 56 127, 131, 132, 148, 187, 188, 300, 308 Caen, 108 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 32, 276 Caesar, Julius, 79 Chaudhuri, K. N., 294 Caesar, Sir Julius, 64 Child, Sir Josiah, 1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 101–2, 106, Calais (as “Calis”), 27 113, 130–46, 148, 149, 156, 163, 175, 176, calendar systems, 30, 275 187, 191, 205, 208, 210, 223, 247, 256, 258, Calvinism, 12, 253, 271. See also Protes- 259, 261, 307–13, 337, 339 tantism Choksy, George D., 326–27 Cambridge. See Oxford and Cambridge, Christendom, 15, 30, 34, 48, 69, 72, 73, 82, colleges of 288, 289, 290 Campanella, Thomas, 214 Christianity, 35, 180, 255, 282, 295. See also Cantillon, Richard, 317 speci‹c branches and sects of Christianity Canute II (the Great), 276 Churchill, John. See Marlborough, ‹rst capitalism, 4, 11, 17–18, 20, 47, 161, 162–65, duke of 170, 226, 246, 248, 253, 255, 319, 320 (see Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 30, 33, 57, 253, 288, also agrarian capitalism; wage-labor); 321 capitalist Geist, 11–12, 15–25, 132, 175, cities as the heart (circulating pump) of 203, 265, 271 the society, 207 Carleton, Sir Dudley (‹rst Viscount Civil War, American, 67 Dorchester), 55–56 Civil War, English. See English Revolu- Carlyle, Thomas, 19 tion and Civil War (or Royalists and Carolinas, Lords Proprietors of, 148 Parliamentarians) Carroll, Lewis, 263 Clarendon, ‹rst earl of (Edward Hyde), carrying trade, attitudes toward, in trade 128 balance theory, 85, 92, 180, 312 classical economics, 107, 263, 290 cartography, use of, in economic tracts, Cleves, 53 32–33 Clitherow, Sir Christopher, 291 Casaubon, Meric, 174 Cockayne, William (Alderman), 27, 46, Cassandra, 219 54, 63, 280, 283 Castaing, John, 222, 335 Cohen, I. Bernard, 297, 300, 324 Castile, 128 coins: clipping and culling of, 71, 85, 150, Catalonian Revolt, 253 151, 155, 194, 198, 201, 207, 257, 258; data Catholicism, 4, 22, 150, 213, 253, 255 on metal content, 314–15; data on sup- Cato, Marcus Porcius (the elder), 15, 30, ply, 53, 155, 201, 257; devaluation 57, 91, 155, 173, 212, 224, 271, 276, 279, 294 through debasement or depreciation, Cavendish, Thomas, 32 42, 52, 68, 75, 87, 93, 149, 151, 154, 206–7, Cecil, Robert, 27 239, 257–58, 328, 330; gold and silver, Challis, C. E., 279, 283 special qualities of, 43, 120, 150, 190, Chalmers, George, 341 239; hoarding, 71, 85, 113, 198–200, Chamberlen, Hugh (the elder), 302, 329 201–2, 211, 257, 261; milled versus ham- Chamberlin, Edward Hastings, 288 mered, 150, 201, 257–58; recoinage of Chancery Lane, 205 1561, 26, 42, 53, 75; recoinage of 1696, Chancey, Karen, 284 132, 149, 150–51, 154–55, 201, 206, 219, chaos, fear of, 2, 23, 24, 39, 67, 97, 250. See 220, 223, 236, 257–58, 340; troy weight also logos versus avoirdupois, 41–42, 279. See also Charles I (king of England), 56, 64, 79, exchange, rates and gold-silver pars; 101, 102, 108, 114, 130, 181, 284, 298 money, metallism Charles II (king of England), 6, 109, 114, Coke, Roger, 74 index.qxd 03/09/2000 8:37 AM Page 368 368 Index Coke, Sir Edward, 78 Court versus Country ideology, 222–23. Coke, Sir John, 284 See also Whigs versus Tories Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 228, 248, 337 Cout, Pieter de la, 4 Cole, Charles Woolsey, 337 Cowen, Tyler, 331 Coleman, D. C., 9–10, 269, 340, 342–43 Cowley, Abraham, 215 Collins, Stephen L., 3, 267 Cranston, Maurice, 313 colonies, attitudes toward, 29, 31, 33, 123, credit, de‹nitions of and attitudes 141, 144, 195–96, 217, 231, 232, 250–51, 318 toward, 207–8, 222, 226–27, 240, 246, Columella, Lucius Junius Moderatus, 57 261, 262, 315–16. See also corruption; Comenius, John Amos, 124, 305–6 humanism commodities: ad victum (food) contrasted Creedy, John, 341 with ad vestium (clothing), 40; arti‹cial Cromwell, Oliver, 56, 108, 109, 114, 284 (manufactured) contrasted with nat- Cromwell, Richard, 109 ural, 40, 68, 81, 83–84, 90, 134, 210, 212, Cromwellian Army, 198 256, 260, 278; necessary contrasted with Cudworth, Ralph, 149 luxurious, 40–41, 74, 77, 80–81, 115, 128, Culpeper, Thomas, 310 135, 156, 180, 211–12, 238, 265 Commons, House of, 28, 76, 149, 225, 291.
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