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The Georgian Orthodox Church: National Identity and Political Influence
October 2015 Traditional religion and political power: Examining the role of the church in Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine and Moldova Edited by Adam Hug The publication examines the political and social role of the Orthodox Churches in Georgia, Ukraine and Moldova and of the Armenian Apostolic Church. It explores the ways in which the churches have contributed to the development of national identities since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the role they play in civil society. The publication looks at the nature of the relationship between church and state; how the churches influence, support and challenge the secular authorities in their hold on power and their response to 'traditional values' issues such as LGBTI and minority faith rights. The publication also looks at the ways in which the Russian Orthodox Church and Russian Government have been looking to influence this debate in these countries. The publication contains contributions from: Professor Yulia Antonyan, Yerevan State University; Eka Chitanava, Tolerance and Diversity Institute; Stepan Danielyan, Collaboration for Democracy Centre; Adam Hug (ed.), Foreign Policy Centre; Myroslav Marynovych, Ukrainian Catholic University in Lviv; Victor Munteanu, Soros Foundation Moldova; Rev. Fr. Dr Daniel Payne; Professor Oleksandr Sagan, Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy and Irakli Vacharadze, Executive Director, Identoba. Kindly supported by the Open Society Foundations. The publication is available at: http://fpc.org.uk/publications/orthodox Excerpt from the publication, p.40 The Georgian Orthodox Church: National Identity and Political Influence Eka Chitanava1 The Georgian Orthodox Church in the Imperial and Soviet Past In 1811, Russian Emperor Alexander I abolished the autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church and placed it under the command of the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church. -
Freedom of Religion Or Belief in Georgia 2010-2019
FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF IN GEORGIA Report 2010-2019 FREEDOM OF RELIGION OR BELIEF IN GEORGIA REPORT 2010-2019 Tolerance and Diversity Institute (TDI) 2020 The report is prepared by Tolerance and Diversity Institute (TDI) within the framework of East-West Management Institute’s (EWMI) "Promoting Rule of Law in Georgia" (PROLoG) project, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The report is published with the support from the Open Society Georgia Foundation (OSGF). The content is the sole responsibility of the Tolerance and Diversity Institute (TDI) and does not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Government, East-West Management Institute (EWMI) or Open Society Georgia Foundation (OSGF). Authors: Mariam Gavtadze, Eka Chitanava, Anzor Khatiashvili, Mariam Jikia, Shota Tutberidze, Gvantsa Lomaia Project director: Mariam Gavtadze Translators: Natia Nadiradze, Tamar Kvaratskhelia Design: Tornike Lortkipanidze Cover: shutterstock It is prohibited to reprint, copy or distribute the material for commercial purposes without written consent of the Tolerance and Diversity Institute (TDI). Tolerance and Diversity Institute (TDI), 2020 Web: www.tdi.ge CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Methodology ..........................................................................................................................................................10 -
Currency Codes COP Colombian Peso KWD Kuwaiti Dinar RON Romanian Leu
Global Wire is an available payment method for the currencies listed below. This list is subject to change at any time. Currency Codes COP Colombian Peso KWD Kuwaiti Dinar RON Romanian Leu ALL Albanian Lek KMF Comoros Franc KGS Kyrgyzstan Som RUB Russian Ruble DZD Algerian Dinar CDF Congolese Franc LAK Laos Kip RWF Rwandan Franc AMD Armenian Dram CRC Costa Rican Colon LSL Lesotho Malati WST Samoan Tala AOA Angola Kwanza HRK Croatian Kuna LBP Lebanese Pound STD Sao Tomean Dobra AUD Australian Dollar CZK Czech Koruna LT L Lithuanian Litas SAR Saudi Riyal AWG Arubian Florin DKK Danish Krone MKD Macedonia Denar RSD Serbian Dinar AZN Azerbaijan Manat DJF Djibouti Franc MOP Macau Pataca SCR Seychelles Rupee BSD Bahamian Dollar DOP Dominican Peso MGA Madagascar Ariary SLL Sierra Leonean Leone BHD Bahraini Dinar XCD Eastern Caribbean Dollar MWK Malawi Kwacha SGD Singapore Dollar BDT Bangladesh Taka EGP Egyptian Pound MVR Maldives Rufi yaa SBD Solomon Islands Dollar BBD Barbados Dollar EUR EMU Euro MRO Mauritanian Olguiya ZAR South African Rand BYR Belarus Ruble ERN Eritrea Nakfa MUR Mauritius Rupee SRD Suriname Dollar BZD Belize Dollar ETB Ethiopia Birr MXN Mexican Peso SEK Swedish Krona BMD Bermudian Dollar FJD Fiji Dollar MDL Maldavian Lieu SZL Swaziland Lilangeni BTN Bhutan Ngultram GMD Gambian Dalasi MNT Mongolian Tugrik CHF Swiss Franc BOB Bolivian Boliviano GEL Georgian Lari MAD Moroccan Dirham LKR Sri Lankan Rupee BAM Bosnia & Herzagovina GHS Ghanian Cedi MZN Mozambique Metical TWD Taiwan New Dollar BWP Botswana Pula GTQ Guatemalan Quetzal -
Bakradze Appointed As Georgian Ambassador To
facebook.com/ georgiatoday Issue no: 888/49 • OCTOBER 18 - 20, 2016 • PUBLISHED TWICE WEEKLY PRICE: GEL 2.50 Dimitry Kumsishvili visiting reconstruction works in Gudauri In this week’s issue... Tbilisi - Ashkhabad Direct Flights to Be Launched as Part of Growing Cooperation PAGE 2 Khachapuri Index, Exchange Rate Dynamics and International Tourism ISET PAGE 4 Tbilisi Fashion FOCUS Week ON BUILDING BETTER Gudauri gets longed for water is Back system amid infrastructure PAGE 7 development works PAGE 1-2 Electricity Market Watch GALT & TAGGART PAGE 8 Bakradze Appointed as Georgian Former Diplomat Hopes Era of Messiahs Soon to Ambassador to USA End in Georgia POLITICS PAGE 11 existing relationships and the perspectives of BY THEA MORRISON strengthening cooperation between Georgia and its strategic partner, the United States. Batumi International Beach Gegeshidze’s replacement was announced by he President of Georgia, Giorgi Prime Minister of Georgia, Giorgi Kvirikashvili, Rugby Festival Short-listed for Margvelashvili, appointed David in early September. Davit Bakradze was hosted by President Bakradze, State Minister for Euro- The PM said that Bakradze had “excellent Margvelashvili Rhino Grassroots Award pean and Euro-Atlantic Integration, working experience as an ambassador among not infl uence the decision-making process.” The as the Georgia’s new Ambassador NATO member states, has huge experience President assessed his comments as “an incom- TExtraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United regarding Georgia’s Euro-Atlantic integration petent statement from an unqualifi ed ambas- States of America (USA) on Wednesday. and his personal characteristics will also allow sador.” Bakradze, 41, replaced former ambassador to him to establish important relations.” Gegeshidze fi rst received formal criticism dur- the USA, Archil Gegeshidze, and will begin his Gegeshidze occupied the ambassador’s post ing the October 2015 visit of the Georgian Pres- new duties on December 5, 2016. -
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The Ministry of culture and sports of the Republic of Kazakhstan State of conservation report the Republic of Kazakhstan "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor (Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan): theTalgar, Koilyk, Karamergen, Aktobe, Kulan, Kostobe, Ornek sites and the Akyrtas archaeological complex (Kazakhstan territory) Astana, 2017 State of conservation report the Republic of Kazakhstan "Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor (Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan): the Talgar, Koilyk, Karamergen, Aktobe, Kulan, Kostobe, Ornek sites and the Akyrtas archaeological complex (Kazakhstan territory) 2017 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS No. Name page INTRODUCTION 4 I OVERALL STRATEGY OF PRESERVATION OF THE WORLD 6 CULTURAL HERITAGE PROPERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN I.1 LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES 7 I.2 FINANCIAL MEASURES, RESEARCH AND TECHNICAL 7 STUDIES I.3 SPECIALIST TRAINING ACTIVITIES 8 II STATE OF CONSERVATION OF THE COMPONENTS IN 9 KAZAKHSTAN OF THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE "SILK ROADS: THE ROUTES NETWORK OF CHANG'AN-TIANSHAN CORRIDOR" II. 1 THE TALGAR SITE (S 01-KZ) 9 ANNEX I 13 PROTOKOL Ref. No. 21-5/05-1557 dated: 27.10.2016 of the visiting meeting on issue of the medieval ancient settlement "Talgar" Chairman: Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan I.N. Tasmagambetov (Russian and English) ANNEX II 1. Letter of deputy prime minister of the republic of Kazakhstan No. 15 20-55/1668 dd. September 1, 2016. (Russian and English) 2. Telephone message Ref. No. 11/И-13 dated: 24.10.2016 (Russian 17 and English) 3. Letter No.3968 dd. October 21, 2016 of Head of the Internal Policy 19 Department A. -
Depreciation of the Georgian Lari: Necessary and Effective
1 NEWSLETTER Issue No. 6 | September – October 2015 Depreciation of the Georgian Lari: Necessary and effective The Georgian Lari has depreciated 26% against the US niably causing hardship. About 60% of the outstanding dollar over the last 12 months. The National Bank of loans in Georgia are denominated in US dollar. As a Georgia has been criticised for allowing this deprecia- result, many borrowers – for example individuals who tion to take place. Is this criticism warranted? We have taken out mortgages to purchase homes – must argue that it is not. The depreciation of the Lari was a make payments in US dollar but earn most or all of necessary and effective response to external eco- their income in Lari. As the Lari has depreciated nomic conditions, in particular economic stagnation against the US dollar, these borrowers have seen the and contraction in neighbouring countries such as costs of servicing their loans increase dramatically. Not Russia, Turkey and Ukraine. However, the deprecia- surprisingly, many are demanding that policy makers tion of the Lari against the US dollar is causing hard- provide relief. ship because the Georgian economy is highly dollar- The devaluation of the Georgian Lari: Necessary… ised. Indeed, it is not possible to pursue two goals (external economic stability and domestic financial While this political fallout is understandable, the de- stability) with one tool (exchange rate policy). Criti- preciation of the Lari must be seen in the context of cism of the depreciation - and the recent decision to economic conditions in neighbouring countries. In take the responsibility for bank supervision away 2014, 60% of Georgia’s exports went to the CIS coun- from the National Bank - could undermine the inde- tries and Turkey and 45% of Georgia’s imports origi- pendence of the National Bank. -
Doing Business in Kazakhstan
DOING BUSINESS 2021 IN KAZAKHSTAN Doing Business in Kazakhstan 2021 Baker McKenzie – CIS, Limited Almaty office Samal Towers, 8th Floor 97 Zholdasbekov Street Almaty, Kazakhstan 050051 Phone: +7 727 3 300 500 Facsimile: +7 727 258 40 00 [email protected] www.bakermckenzie.com The information in this brochure is for informational purposes only and it may not reflect the most current legal developments, judgments or settlements. This information is not offered as legal or any other advice on any particular matter. The Firm and the contributing authors expressly disclaim all liability to any person in respect of anything and in respect of the consequences of anything done or omitted wholly or partly in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of Baker McKenzie’s “Doing Business in Kazakhstan” brochure. No client or other reader should act or refrain from acting on the basis of any matter contained in this brochure without seeking the appropriate legal or other professional advice on the particular facts and circumstances. Doing Business in Kazakhstan Table of Contents 1 Kazakhstan — an overview ..................................................... 1 1.1 Geography .................................................................... 1 1.2 Population .................................................................... 1 1.3 History.......................................................................... 1 1.4 Government and political system ................................. 2 1.5 Economy ..................................................................... -
Traditional Religion and Political Power: Examining the Role of the Church in Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine and Moldova
Traditional religion and political power: Examining the role of the church in Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine and Moldova Edited by Adam Hug Traditional religion and political power: Examining the role of the church in Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine and Moldova Edited by Adam Hug First published in October 2015 by The Foreign Policy Centre (FPC) Unit 1.9, First Floor, The Foundry 17 Oval Way, Vauxhall, London SE11 5RR www.fpc.org.uk [email protected] © Foreign Policy Centre 2015 All rights reserved ISBN 978-1-905833-28-3 ISBN 1-905833-28-8 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not represent the views of The Foreign Policy Centre or the Open Society Foundations. Printing and cover art by Copyprint This project is kindly supported by the Open Society Foundations 1 Acknowledgements The editor would like to thank all of the authors who have kindly contributed to this collection and provided invaluable support in developing the project. In addition the editor is very grateful for the advice and guidance of a number of different experts including: John Anderson, Andrew Sorokowski, Angelina Zaporojan, Mamikon Hovsepyan, Beka Mindiashvili, Giorgi Gogia, Vitalie Sprinceana, Anastasia Danilova, Artyom Tonoyan, Dr. Katja Richters, Felix Corley, Giorgi Gogia, Bogdan Globa, James W. Warhola, Mamikon Hovsepyan, Natia Mestvirishvil, Tina Zurabishvili and Vladimir Shkolnikov. He would like to thank colleagues at the Open Society Foundations for all their help and support without which this project would not have been possible, most notably Viorel Ursu, Michael Hall, Anastasiya Hozyainova and Eleanor Kelly. -
Figure 2.2 Georgia: Imports by Country Groups
Report No. 27264-GE No. Report Georgia An Integrated Trade Development Strategy Development Trade Integrated An Georgia Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank World Document of the Asia Region Europe and Central Reduction and Economic Management Unit Poverty 5, 2003 November Strategy Development Trade An Integrated Georgia Report No. 27264-GE CURRENCY AND EQUIVALENT UNITS (Exchange Rate Effective as of November 5,2003) Currency Unit = Lari US$1 .OO = GEL 2.10690000 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Metric System FISCAL YEAR January 1 to December 3 1 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ADR Accord Dangereux Routiers ADP Agricultural Development Project AES The AES Corporation AJC Apple Juice Concentrate ASYCUDA Automated System for Customs Data BEEPS Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey BTC Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan CCOF California Certified Organic Farmers CDB Cost of Doing Business CEE Central and Eastern Europe CERMA Center for Enterprise Restructuring and Management CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight COMTRADE United Nations Commodity Trade System CIS Commonwealth of Independent States CNC Computer Numerically Controlled CMR Cargo Manifest Report CMT Cut-Make-and-Trim CODEX Codex Alimentarious Commission COMECON Council for Mutual Economic Cooperation CPI Consumer Price Index DSA Debt Sustainability Analysis EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ECA Europe and Central Asia ECAs Export Credit Agencies ECMT European Conference of Ministers of Transport EDPFU' Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Program EGA Export Guarantee Agency EU European Union EUR Euro FA0 Food and Agriculture Organization FDA Food and Drug Administration FDI Foreign Direct Investment FSC Forestry Stewardship Council FIAS Foreign Investment Advisory Service FOB Free on Board FSU Former Soviet Union . -
Economic Newsletter on Kazakhstan |June 2020
Economic Newsletter on Kazakhstan |June 2020 CONTENTS MACRO-ECONOMICS & FINANCE ......................................................................................2 ENERGY & NATURAL RESOURCES ......................................................................................5 TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATIONS...................................................................................9 AGRICULTURE ................................................................................................................. 10 CONTACTS ...................................................................................................................... 13 The Economic Section of the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Kazakhstan intends to distribute this newsletter as widely as possible among Dutch institutions, companies and persons from the Netherlands. The newsletter summarises economic news from various Kazakhstani and foreign publications and aims to provide accurate information. However, the Embassy cannot be held responsible for any mistakes or omissions in the bulletin. ECONOMIC NEWSLETTER, June 2020 Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands MACRO-ECONOMICS & FINANCE Kazakhstan’s national budget receives almost 25% less taxes The state budget of Kazakhstan began to receive less income, including tax revenues. Over 5 months of 2020, the state budget income of Kazakhstan amounted to more than 3.4 trillion tenge, which is 10% less than in 5 months of 2019. This is evidenced by the data of the State Revenue Committee. Tax revenues -
South Ossetia: the Burden of Recognition
SOUTH OSSETIA: THE BURDEN OF RECOGNITION Europe Report N°205 – 7 June 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. POST-RECOGNITION DEVELOPMENTS ................................................................. 2 A. THE POPULATION.........................................................................................................................2 B. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION AND RECONSTRUCTION .........................................................4 1. Local conditions...........................................................................................................................4 2. Russian aid and corruption...........................................................................................................6 C. RUSSIA’S MILITARY PRESENCE – SOUTH OSSETIA’S STRATEGIC VALUE .....................................7 III. LOCAL POLITICS........................................................................................................... 9 A. COMPETITION FOR RUSSIAN RESOURCES .....................................................................................9 B. THE RULE OF LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS ...................................................................................12 C. FUTURE PROSPECTS ...................................................................................................................13 IV. -
Tax Reforms in Georgia 2004-2012
Tax Reforms in Georgia 2004-2012 FISCAL Gia Jandieri FACT Vice-President and Founder, New Economic School No. 665 Tbilisi, Georgia July 2019 Key Findings • The country of Georgia has successfully implemented dramatic tax reforms over the last two decades. • The system has moved from one with lots of complexity to one that promotes investment and economic growth. • The main features of the current system include a 20 percent value-added tax (VAT), a flat personal income tax at 18 percent, and a corporate profits tax of 15 percent that exempts reinvested earnings. • Georgia also has a law in place that limits government debt and spending levels. Dedication This paper is dedicated to the successful story of Georgian tax reforms, to Kakha Bendukidze and Mart Laar and others who contributed all their knowledge and experience to its success. The Tax Foundation is the nation’s leading independent tax policy research organization. Since 1937, our research, analysis, and experts have informed smarter tax policy at the federal, state, and local levels. We are a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. ©2019 Tax Foundation Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 4.0 Editor, Rachel Shuster Designer, Dan Carvajal Tax Foundation 1325 G Street, NW, Suite 950 Washington, DC 20005 202.464.6200 taxfoundation.org TAX FOUNDATION | 2 Introduction The Georgian people decisively and proudly abandoned a socialist economic system, and since 1990 have faced new challenges to reorganize the nation’s economy into a market one. With new institutional demands, Georgia needed to adopt a tax system to ensure the government’s operations.