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ZEYLANICA a Study of the Peoples and Languages of Sri Lanka
ZEYLANICA A Study of the Peoples and Languages of Sri Lanka Asiff Hussein Second Edition: September 2014 ZEYLANICA. A Study of the Peoples and Languages of Sri Lanka ISBN 978-955-0028-04-7 © Asiff Hussein Printed by: Printel (Pvt) Ltd 21/11, 4 th Lane, Araliya Uyana Depanama, Pannipitiya Published by: Neptune Publications CONTENTS Chapter 1 Legendary peoples of Lanka Chapter 2 The Veddas, the aboriginal inhabitants of Lanka and their speech Chapter 3 The Origins of the Sinhalese nation and the Sinhala language Chapter 4 The Origins of the Sri Lankan Tamils and the Tamil language Chapter 5 The Sri Lankan Moors and their language Chapter 6 The Malays of Sri Lanka and the local Malay language Chapter 7 The Memons, a people of North Indian origin and their language Chapter 8 Peoples of European origin. The Portuguese and Dutch Burghers Chapter 9 The Kaffirs. A people of African origin Chapter 10 The Ahikuntaka. The Gypsies of Sri Lanka INTRODUCTORY NOTE The system of transliteration employed in the text, save for citations, is the standard method. Thus dots below letters represent retroflex sounds which are pronounced with the tip of the tongue striking the roof of the mouth further back than for dental sounds which are articulated by placing the tip of the tongue against the upper front teeth. Among the other sounds transliterated here c represents the voiceless palato-alveolar affricate (as sounded in the English church ) and ś the palatal sibilant (as sounded in English sh ow ). The lingual which will be found occurring in Sanskrit words is similar in pronunciation to the palatal . -
Cricket World Cup Begins Mar 8 Schedule on Page-3
www.Asia Times.US NRI Global Edition Email: [email protected] March 2016 Vol 7, Issue 3 Cricket World Cup begins Mar 8 Schedule on page-3 Indian Team: Pakistan Team: Shahid Afridi (c), Anwar Ali, Ahmed Shehzad MS Dhoni (capt, wk), Shikhar Dhawan, Rohit Mohammad Hafeez Bangladesh Team: Sharma, Virat Kohli, Ajinkya Rahane, Yuvraj Shoaib Malik, Mohammad Irfan Squad: Tamim Iqbal, Soumya Sarkar, Moham- Singh, Suresh Raina, R Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja, Sharjeel Khan, Wahab Riaz mad Mithun, Shakib Al Hasan, Mushfiqur Ra- Mohammed Shami, Harbhajan Singh, Jasprit Mohammad Nawaz, Muhammad Sami him, Sabbir Rahman, Mashrafe Mortaza (capt), Bumrah, Pawan Negi, Ashish Nehra, Hardik Khalid Latif, Mohammad Amir Mahmudullah Riyad, Nasir Hossain, Nurul Pandya. Umar Akmal, Sarfraz Ahmed, Imad Wasim Hasan, Arafat Sunny, Mustafizur Rahman, Al- Amin Hossain, Taskin Ahmed and Abu Hider. Australia Team: Steven Smith (c), David Warner (vc), Ashton Agar, Nathan Coulter-Nile, James Faulkner, Aaron Finch, John Hastings, Josh Hazlewood, Usman Khawaja, Mitchell Marsh, Glenn Max- well, Peter Nevill (wk), Andrew Tye, Shane Watson, Adam Zampa England: Eoin Morgan (c), Alex Hales, Ja- Asia Times is Globalizing son Roy, Joe Root, Jos Buttler, James Vince, Ben Now appointing Stokes, Moeen Ali, Chris Jordan, Adil Rashid, David Willey, Steven Finn, Reece Topley, Sam Bureau Chiefs to represent Billings, Liam Dawson New Zealand Team: Asia Times in ALL cities Kane Williamson (c), Corey Anderson, Trent Worldwide Boult, Grant Elliott, Martin Guptill, Mitchell McClenaghan, -
Ruwanwella) Mrs
Lady Members First State Council (1931 - 1935) Mrs. Adline Molamure by-election (Ruwanwella) Mrs. Naysum Saravanamuttu by-election (Colombo North) (Mrs. Molamure was the first woman to be elected to the Legislature) Second State Council (1936 - 1947) Mrs. Naysum Saravanamuttu (Colombo North) First Parliament (House of Representatives) (1947 - 1952) Mrs. Florence Senanayake (Kiriella) Mrs. Kusumasiri Gunawardena by-election (Avissawella) Mrs. Tamara Kumari Illangaratne by-election (Kandy) Second Parliament (House of (1952 - 1956) Representatives) Mrs. Kusumasiri Gunawardena (Avissawella) Mrs. Doreen Wickremasinghe (Akuressa) Third Parliament (House of Representatives) (1956 - 1959) Mrs. Viviene Goonewardene (Colombo North) Mrs. Kusumasiri Gunawardena (Kiriella) Mrs. Vimala Wijewardene (Mirigama) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna by-election (Welimada) Lady Members Fourth Parliament (House of (March - April 1960) Representatives) Mrs. Wimala Kannangara (Galigomuwa) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna (Uva-Paranagama) Mrs. Soma Wickremanayake (Dehiowita) Fifth Parliament (House of Representatives) (July 1960 - 1964) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna (Uva-Paranagama) Mrs. Soma Wickremanayake (Dehiowita) Mrs. Viviene Goonewardene by-election (Borella) Sixth Parliament (House of Representatives) (1965 - 1970) Mrs. Sirima R. D. Bandaranaike (Attanagalla) Mrs. Sivagamie Obeyesekere (Mirigama) Mrs. Wimala Kannangara (Galigomuwa) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna (Uva-Paranagama) Mrs. Leticia Rajapakse by-election (Dodangaslanda) Mrs. Mallika Ratwatte by-election (Balangoda) Seventh Parliament (House of (1970 - 1972) / (1972 - 1977) Representatives) & First National State Assembly Mrs. Kusala Abhayavardhana (Borella) Mrs. Sirima R. D. Bandaranaike (Attanagalla) Mrs. Viviene Goonewardene (Dehiwala - Mt.Lavinia) Lady Members Mrs. Tamara Kumari Ilangaratne (Galagedera) Mrs. Sivagamie Obeyesekere (Mirigama) Mrs. Mallika Ratwatte (Balangoda) Second National State Assembly & First (1977 - 1978) / (1978 - 1989) Parliament of the D.S.R. of Sri Lanka Mrs. Sirima R. D. Bandaranaike (Attanagalla) Miss. -
Minutes of Parliament Present
(Ninth Parliament - First Session) No. 62.] MINUTES OF PARLIAMENT Thursday, March 25, 2021 at 10.00 a.m. PRESENT : Hon. Mahinda Yapa Abeywardana, Speaker Hon. Angajan Ramanathan, Deputy Chairperson of Committees Hon. Mahinda Amaraweera, Minister of Environment Hon. Dullas Alahapperuma, Minister of Power Hon. Mahindananda Aluthgamage, Minister of Agriculture Hon. Udaya Gammanpila, Minister of Energy Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena, Minister of Foreign and Leader of the House of Parliament Hon. (Dr.) Bandula Gunawardana, Minister of Trade Hon. Janaka Bandara Thennakoon, Minister of Public Services, Provincial Councils & Local Government Hon. Nimal Siripala de Silva, Minister of Labour Hon. Vasudeva Nanayakkara, Minister of Water Supply Hon. (Dr.) Ramesh Pathirana, Minister of Plantation Hon. Johnston Fernando, Minister of Highways and Chief Government Whip Hon. Prasanna Ranatunga, Minister of Tourism Hon. C. B. Rathnayake, Minister of Wildlife & Forest Conservation Hon. Chamal Rajapaksa, Minister of Irrigation and State Minister of National Security & Disaster Management and State Minister of Home Affairs Hon. Gamini Lokuge, Minister of Transport Hon. Wimal Weerawansa, Minister of Industries Hon. (Dr.) Sarath Weerasekera, Minister of Public Security Hon. M .U. M. Ali Sabry, Minister of Justice Hon. (Dr.) (Mrs.) Seetha Arambepola, State Minister of Skills Development, Vocational Education, Research and Innovation Hon. Lasantha Alagiyawanna, State Minister of Co-operative Services, Marketing Development and Consumer Protection ( 2 ) M. No. 62 Hon. Ajith Nivard Cabraal, State Minister of Money & Capital Market and State Enterprise Reforms Hon. (Dr.) Nalaka Godahewa, State Minister of Urban Development, Coast Conservation, Waste Disposal and Community Cleanliness Hon. D. V. Chanaka, State Minister of Aviation and Export Zones Development Hon. Sisira Jayakody, State Minister of Indigenous Medicine Promotion, Rural and Ayurvedic Hospitals Development and Community Health Hon. -
Hansard (213-16)
213 වන කාණ්ඩය - 16 වන කලාපය 2012 ෙදසැම්බර් 08 වන ෙසනසුරාදා ெதாகுதி 213 - இல. 16 2012 சம்பர் 08, சனிக்கிழைம Volume 213 - No. 16 Saturday, 08th December, 2012 පාලෙනත වාද (හැනසා) பாராமன்ற விவாதங்கள் (ஹன்சாட்) PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES (HANSARD) ල වාතාව அதிகார அறிக்ைக OFFICIAL REPORT (අෙශෝධිත පිටපත /பிைழ தித்தப்படாத /Uncorrected) අන්තර්ගත පධාන කරුණු නිෙව්දන : විෙශෂේ ෙවෙළඳ භාණ්ඩ බදු පනත : ෙපොදු රාජ මණ්ඩලීය පාර්ලිෙම්න්තු සංගමය, අන්තර් නියමය පාර්ලිෙම්න්තු සංගමය සහ “සාක්” පාර්ලිෙම්න්තු සංගමෙය් ඒකාබද්ධ වාර්ෂික මහා සභා රැස්වීම නිෂපාදන් බදු (විෙශෂේ විධිවිධාන) පනත : ශී ලංකා පජාතාන්තික සමාජවාදී ජනරජෙය් නිෙයෝගය ෙශෂේ ඨාධිකරණෙය්් අග විනිශචයකාර් ධුරෙයන් ගරු (ආචාර්ය) ශිරානි ඒ. බණ්ඩාරනායක මහත්මිය ඉවත් කිරීම සුරාබදු ආඥාපනත : සඳහා අතිගරු ජනාධිපතිවරයා ෙවත පාර්ලිෙම්න්තුෙව් නියමය ෙයෝජනා සම්මතයක් ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම පිණිස ආණ්ඩුකම වවසථාෙව්් 107(2) වවසථාව් පකාර ෙයෝජනාව පිළිබඳ විෙශෂේ කාරක සභාෙව් වාර්තාව ෙර්ගු ආඥාපනත : ෙයෝජනාව පශනවලට් වාචික පිළිතුරු වරාය හා ගුවන් ෙතොටුෙපොළ සංවර්ධන බදු පනත : ශී ලංකාෙව් පථම චන්දිකාව ගුවන්ගත කිරීම: නිෙයෝගය විදුලි සංෙද්ශ හා ෙතොරතුරු තාක්ෂණ අමාතතුමාෙග් පකාශය ශී ලංකා අපනයන සංවර්ධන පනත : විසර්ජන පනත් ෙකටුම්පත, 2013 - [විසිතුන්වන ෙවන් කළ නිෙයෝගය දිනය]: [ශීර්ෂ 102, 237-252, 280, 296, 323, 324 (මුදල් හා කමසම්පාදන);] - කාරක සභාෙව්දී සලකා බලන ලදී. -
Sri Lanka's Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire
Sri Lanka’s Potemkin Peace: Democracy Under Fire Asia Report N°253 | 13 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Northern Province Elections and the Future of Devolution ............................................ 2 A. Implementing the Thirteenth Amendment? ............................................................. 3 B. Northern Militarisation and Pre-Election Violations ................................................ 4 C. The Challenges of Victory .......................................................................................... 6 1. Internal TNA discontent ...................................................................................... 6 2. Sinhalese fears and charges of separatism ........................................................... 8 3. The TNA’s Tamil nationalist critics ...................................................................... 9 D. The Legal and Constitutional Battleground .............................................................. 12 E. A Short- -
Page14 Sports.Qxd (Page 1)
SUNDAY, APRIL 2, 2017 (PAGE 14) DAILY EXCELSIOR, JAMMU Sindhu enters final, sets up ‘Khelo Khel Bhulo Nasha T20 Championship’ Little Flowers Akhnoor, MIER Shining Stars, title date with Marin NEW DELHI, Apr 1: match, will witness a rematch of Satwari Cantt Challengers register wins the Olympic final tomorrow. Excelsior Sports Correspondent main scorers. scorers. Olympic silver medallist P V Earlier, Olympic and two-time From bowling side, From Bowling Side, Nanit Sindhu set up a summit show- JAMMU, Apr 1: Little world champion Marin of Spain, Karmanya and Aditya took 2 took 2 wickets while Stephan down with Carolina Marin after a Flowers Akhnoor, MIER defeated Japan's Akane wickets each. took 1 wicket for the team. hard-fought win over World No. 4 Shining Stars & Satwari Cantt Yamaguchi, seeded fourth, 21-16 MIER Shining stars, in reply, Little Flower Akhnoor, in Korean Sung Ji Hyun in the semi- Challengers registered emphatic achieved the target in 15.2 overs reply could not achieved the tar- finals of the India Open Super 21-14 in an easy contest. wins in their last league matches Coming into the match with a for the loss of 7 wickets. Snoop get and made 100 runs in 13.2 Series here today. Under-13 Boys Cricket teams posing alongwith Chief Guest and other dignitaries at MA of the ongoing "Khelo Khel 6-4 head-to-head record, Sindhu (32) and Nirbaya (9) were the overs for the loss of all wickets Cheered on by a sizable crowd Stadium in Jammu on Saturday. Bhulo Nasha T20 Championship main scorers. -
Minutes of Parliament Present
(Eighth Parliament - First Session) No. 70. ] MINUTES OF PARLIAMENT Wednesday, May 18, 2016 at 1.00 p.m. PRESENT : Hon. Karu Jayasuriya, Speaker Hon. Thilanga Sumathipala, Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees Hon. Selvam Adaikkalanathan, Deputy Chairman of Committees Hon. Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime Minister and Minister of National Policies and Economic Affairs Hon. Wajira Abeywardana, Minister of Home Affairs Hon. (Dr.) Sarath Amunugama, Minister of Special Assignment Hon. Gayantha Karunatileka, Minister of Parliamentary Reforms and Mass Media and the Chief Government Whip Hon. Ravi Karunanayake, Minister of Finance Hon. Akila Viraj Kariyawasam, Minister of Education Hon. Lakshman Kiriella, Minister of Higher Education and Highways and the Leader of the House of Parliament Hon. Daya Gamage, Minister of Primary Industries Hon. Dayasiri Jayasekara, Minister of Sports Hon. Nimal Siripala de Silva, Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation Hon. Navin Dissanayake, Minister of Plantation Industries Hon. S. B. Dissanayake, Minister of Social Empowerment and Welfare Hon. S. B. Nawinne, Minister of Internal Affairs, Wayamba Development and Cultural Affairs Hon. Harin Fernando, Minister of Telecommunication and Digital Infrastructure Hon. A. D. Susil Premajayantha, Minister of Science, Technology and Research Hon. Sajith Premadasa, Minister of Housing and Construction Hon. R. M. Ranjith Madduma Bandara, Minister of Public Administration and Management Hon. Anura Priyadharshana Yapa, Minister of Disaster Management ( 2 ) M. No. 70 Hon. Sagala Ratnayaka, Minister of Law and Order and Southern Development Hon. Arjuna Ranatunga, Minister of Ports and Shipping Hon. Patali Champika Ranawaka, Minister of Megapolis and Western Development Hon. Chandima Weerakkody, Minister of Petroleum Resources Development Hon. Malik Samarawickrama, Minister of Development Strategies and International Trade Hon. -
Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Volume 2
Reforming Sri Lankan Presidentialism: Provenance, Problems and Prospects Edited by Asanga Welikala Volume 2 18 Failure of Quasi-Gaullist Presidentialism in Sri Lanka Suri Ratnapala Constitutional Choices Sri Lanka’s Constitution combines a presidential system selectively borrowed from the Gaullist Constitution of France with a system of proportional representation in Parliament. The scheme of proportional representation replaced the ‘first past the post’ elections of the independence constitution and of the first republican constitution of 1972. It is strongly favoured by minority parties and several minor parties that owe their very existence to proportional representation. The elective executive presidency, at least initially, enjoyed substantial minority support as the president is directly elected by a national electorate, making it hard for a candidate to win without minority support. (Sri Lanka’s ethnic minorities constitute about 25 per cent of the population.) However, there is a growing national consensus that the quasi-Gaullist experiment has failed. All major political parties have called for its replacement while in opposition although in government, they are invariably seduced to silence by the fruits of office. Assuming that there is political will and ability to change the system, what alternative model should the nation embrace? Constitutions of nations in the modern era tend fall into four categories. 1.! Various forms of authoritarian government. These include absolute monarchies (emirates and sultanates of the Islamic world), personal dictatorships, oligarchies, theocracies (Iran) and single party rule (remaining real or nominal communist states). 2.! Parliamentary government based on the Westminster system with a largely ceremonial constitutional monarch or president. Most Western European countries, India, Japan, Israel and many former British colonies have this model with local variations. -
2W V G`J¶D Urfxyevc E`Cefcvu Z AR\Zder
5 !"#$% 16795 /-(0 1 %-23 4 #-(' . !"#$ % & ' & "&'$(%') )'$ ! )'!") '$!*') )'"$ +)'&' !,'+%'' &' ( ) )"#(*+*",' #-% . . )# * R , R Sources told The Pioneer # that the CM, during an hour- he turbulent political winds long meeting with Rawat, reit- Tblowing across Punjab erated that he would abide by Congress on Saturday showed the party president’s decision. signs of abating, but the heat Expressing displeasure over wave continued. Captain “leakage” of reports regarding Amarinder Singh, who reiter- Sidhu’s elevation in the media ated his earlier stand on abid- before taking him in confi- ing by Delhi’s decision, also dence, Amarinder underlined made it clear that he is still the that the Congress central lead- L monarch. ership should always involve The Captain told Punjab him in important decision- M party affairs in-charge Harish making processes in the party he Uttar Pradesh Rawat, who flew on Saturday Sidhu’s “150 odd derogatory announcement of Sidhu’s coro- and regarding the Government, TGovernment, after inter- morning from Delhi, that his tweets targeted at him”. nation as the Punjab Pradesh including next year’s Assembly acting with the Kanwar asso- midst heightened tension position in the party should not Cricketer-turned-politician Congress Committee (PPCC) elections. ciations, has decided that this Abetween the two countries be undermined and he should Sidhu, on the other hand, made chief during Rawat’s It has been learnt that the year there will be no Kanwar on the issue of Taliban, be consulted in all decisions of sure that the practice sessions Chandigarh visit did not come CM maintained that Sidhu’s Yatra due to the coronavirus Afghanistan on Saturday importance — thereby sig- were on for the new innings, by after all. -
Addendum No. 14(4)
( ) [ Seventh Parliament -First Session] No. 14 (4).] ADDENDUM TO THE ORDER BOOK No. 14 OF PARLIAMENT Issued on Wednesday, June 10, 2015 Tuesday, June 23, 2015 NOTICE OF MOTIONS AND ORDERS OF THE DAY * Registration of Persons (Amendment) Bill — Second Reading. * The Minister of Ports and Shipping,— Regulations under the Licensing of Shipping Agents Act,— That the Regulations made by the Minister of Highways, Ports and Shipping under Section 10 read with Section 3 of the Licensing of Shipping Agents Act, No. 10 of 1972 and published in the Gazette Extraordinary No. 1877/26 of 28th August 2014, which were presented on 09.06.2015, be approved. (Cabinet approval signified.) * The Minister of Labour,— Regulations under the Wages Boards Ordinance,— That the Regulations made by the Minister of Labour under Section 63 of the Wages Board Ordinance (Chapter 136), which were presented on 09.06.2015, be approved. (Cabinet approval signified.) * The Minister of Tourism and Sports,— Regulations under the Convention against Doping in Sports Act,— That the Regulations made by the Minister of Tourism and Sports under Section 34 read with Section 3 of the Convention against Doping in Sports Act, No. 33 of 2013 and published in the Gazette Extraordinary No. 1913/7 of 05th May 2015, which were presented on 06.09.2015, be approved. * Indicates Government Business (2) NOTICE OF MOTIONS FOR WHICH NO DATES HAVE BEEN FIXED P. 310/’15 Hon. D.M. Jayaratne Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena Hon. Vasudeva Nanayakkara Hon. Gamini Lokuge Hon. Dullas Alahapperuma Hon. Kumara Welgama Hon. (Ms.) Kamala Ranathunga Hon. Gitanjana Gunawardena Hon. -
Minutes of Parliament Present
(Ninth Parliament - First Session) No. 73.] MINUTES OF PARLIAMENT Tuesday, May 04, 2021 at 10.00 a.m. PRESENT : Hon. Mahinda Yapa Abeywardana, Speaker Hon. Ranjith Siyambalapitiya, Deputy Speaker and the Chair of Committees Hon. Angajan Ramanathan, Deputy Chairperson of Committees Hon. Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime Minister and Minister of Finance, Minister of Buddhasasana, Religious & Cultural Affairs and Minister of Urban Development & Housing Hon. Rohitha Abegunawardhana, Minister of Ports & Shipping Hon. Mahinda Amaraweera, Minister of Environment Hon. Udaya Gammanpila, Minister of Energy Hon. Dinesh Gunawardena, Minister of Foreign and Leader of the House of Parliament Hon. (Dr.) Bandula Gunawardana, Minister of Trade Hon. S. M. Chandrasena, Minister of Lands Hon. Janaka Bandara Thennakoon, Minister of Public Services, Provincial Councils & Local Government Hon. Nimal Siripala de Silva, Minister of Labour Hon. Douglas Devananda, Minister of Fisheries Hon. Vasudeva Nanayakkara, Minister of Water Supply Hon. (Dr.) Ramesh Pathirana, Minister of Plantation Hon. (Prof.) G. L. Peiris, Minister of Education Hon. Johnston Fernando, Minister of Highways and Chief Government Whip Hon. Prasanna Ranatunga, Minister of Tourism Hon. Keheliya Rambukwella, Minister of Mass Media Hon. Chamal Rajapaksa, Minister of Irrigation and State Minister of National Security & Disaster Management and State Minister of Home Affairs Hon. Namal Rajapaksa, Minister of Youth & Sports Hon. Gamini Lokuge, Minister of Transport Hon. (Mrs.) Pavithradevi Wanniarachchi, Minister of Health Hon. (Dr.) Sarath Weerasekera, Minister of Public Security Hon. M .U. M. Ali Sabry, Minister of Justice ( 2 ) M. No. 73 Hon. (Dr.) (Mrs.) Seetha Arambepola, State Minister of Skills Development, Vocational Education, Research and Innovation Hon. Lasantha Alagiyawanna, State Minister of Co-operative Services, Marketing Development and Consumer Protection Hon.