Special Libraries, December 1971

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Special Libraries, 1971 Special Libraries, 1970s

12-1-1971

Special Libraries, December 1971

Special Libraries Association

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I December 1971, vol. 62, no. 12

0 Independence Preserved

0 Objective Budgeting

Decision on Education

Pictures

0 Serials Control

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'I. . . The volume fills a gap. . . LlST 1971, together with projected future issues, will prove a valuable source document.. ." f Kurt C\ /kc Frderal L~braryCornrn~ttce III I IRRARY OF CONGRESS INFORMATION BULLETIN

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science assoc~a~es/~n~erna~~ona~,Inc. 23 East 26th Street New York, N.Y. 10010 The Declaration of Independence Verner Clapp

Book Budget Allocation Bette Dillehay

Time for Decision Andrew H. Horn

Picture Searching Renata V. Shaw

Machine-Assisted Serials Control W. A. Wilkinson Loretta A. Stock

SDI Systems H. H. Goom

SLA News

Actions of the Board Chapters & Divisions 542 of Directors Oct 7-9 539 Members in the News 543

Vistas

Have You Seen? 545 Have You Heard? 548

Placement 553 Index to Advertisers 554

Annual Index 555

Instructions for Contributors 567 Errata 570

Editor: JANETD. BAILEY

Special Libraries is published by Special Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003. @ 1972 by Special Libraries Association. ,Monthly except double issues for hfay/Jun and Jul/Aug. Annual index in December issue. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER:Send Form 3579 to Special Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10003. Special Libraries Association 1971 172

President Directors (1969172) EFRENW. GONZALEZ EDYTHEMOORE Bristol-Myers Products (Serrelary of rhe Board) Science Information Services The Aerospace Corporation 1350 Liberty Avenue Charles C. Lauritsen Library (A4/108) Hillside, New Jersey 07207 P.O. Box 95085 President-Elect Los Angeles, California 90045 EDWARDG. STRABLE J. Walter Thompson Co. LOYD R. RATHBUN Information Services Massachusetts Institute of Technology 875 North Michigan Avenue Lincoln Laboratory Library Chicago, Illinois 6061 1 Lexington, Massachusetts 02173 Advisory Council Chairman FORRESTH. ALTER Directors (1970/73) Flint Public Library JOHN P. BINNINGTON Art, Music & Drama Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Flint, Michigan 48502 Research Library Upton, New York 11973 Advisory Council Chairman-Elect MRS. ZOE L. COSGROVE 3M Company MrRlAh~H. TEES Tape Technical Library The Royal Bank of Canada 3M Center, Building 230-1s P.O. Box 6001 St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Montreal 3, P.Q., Canada Treasurer (1970/73) Directors (1971/74) JANET RIGNEY M. MARKH. BAER Foreign Relations Library Hewlett-Packard Co. Libraries 58 East 68th Street 1501 Page Mill Road New York, New York 10021 Palo Alto, California 94304 Past President FLORINEOLTMAN MOLETEMORELOCK Air University Library Purdue University Libraries Maxwell Air Force Base Inter-Institutional Library Services Alabama 36112 West Lafapette, Indiana 47906 Executive Director F. E. MCKENNA Special Libraries Association 235 Park Avenue South New York 10003

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All subscriptions to the United States can be ordered from the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1172 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. 02134. Subscriptions for all other countries should be ordered from the Subscription Manager, BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, B.M.A. House, Tavistock Square, London, WCM 9JR, England, or through any leading subscription agent or bookseller. The Declaration of Independence A Case Study in Preservation

Verner Clapp

Council on Library Resources, Washington, D.C. 20036

Declaration were probably stuffed into The travels and tribulations of the a barrel and carried off in a cart, through Declaration of Independence are of par- all types of weather. ticular interest in this period of the In 1800, the document finally arrived in Washington, D.C., and even then it American Revolution Bicentennial. They did not remain in one place. It moved are described, with emphasis on the his- with the State Department until 1814, tory of its preservation. when the British came, and it was thrown into a linen bag with many other documents and was hauled to Virginia where it was put in a barn in Leesburg. THEDECLARATION of Independ- It returned to Washington where curi- ence is one of the most abused documents osity-seekers looking at it found it very in the history of preservation of docu- dim and decrepit. ments. It has been battered and banged John Quincy Adams decided that it from its birth. It was not even an excel- had to be printed in order that its con- lent sheet of parchment to begin with; tents be available to the American pub- apparently it was a home-made (colonial- lic, so W. J. Stone took a wet-pressing made) piece of parchment found fairly from it in order to make his famous quickly in the markets of Philadelphia. facsimile. The document has never The Continental Congress had an- quite recovered from that wet-pressing. nounced the Declaration on July 4; the In 1841, the Secretary of State decided order for the engrossing of the Declara- that it ought not to be kept in his office tion was not given until July 9; and in and pulled out occasionally for viewers. early August it was ready for signing, and It ought to be kept where everybody most of the signing took place on August could see it, so he permitted it to be hung 2, 1776. A number of the members were in the Patent Office, and there it hung absent, however, so in succeeding days on a wall opposite a tall window from the parchment was pulled out, unrolled, 1841 to 1876. In 1876, it was taken to signed and rolled up again. Also, it was Philadelphia and hung in Independence wartime, and the Continental Congress Hall for about six months. was a mobile Congress. It was ready to get out of Philadelphia on a moment's First Thoughts on Preservation notice, and it did so. It went to Balti- more and Annapolis, to York, Pennsyl- Brought back to Washington, its decay vania, and to Trenton, New Jersey. One demanded attention and a committee can only imagine that such items as the was established. Meanwhile, the Secre- tary of State took it back to the Depart- important people addressed to the Secre- ment of State and put it on exhibition tary of State to assure a private exhibi- in the library there. In 1880, the com- tion. The Secretary of State therefore de- mittee became active and asked the Na- cided to entrust it to somebody whose tional Academy of Sciences to study the business it was to handle documents- matter. The National Academy of Sci- the Librarian of Congress. The Secretary ences appointed a committee, with Wal- of State convened the committee (a com- ter Gibbs of Yale as chairman. He was mittee of historians), and the committee an inorganic chemist, principally a met- decided that the document would suffer allurgist. Two other notable chemists no more in the hands of the Librarian of served on the committee, one of whom Congress than it would in the hands of was Charles F. Chandler of Columbia. the Secretary of State, and recommended A man of varied interests, he was the its transfer. And so, in September 1921, founder of the School of Mines at Co- the document arrived at the Library of lumbia, in addition to being a public Congress. health chemist with the appropriate organic chemical interest. At the Library of Congress The committee decided it was not ex- The Librarian of Congress immedi- pedient to restore the document and that ately did several things. First he or John the best thing to do was to keep it out of C. Fitzpatrick, Chief of the Manuscripts light. The State Department therefore Division, made a very detailed descrip- took it off exhibition, but they did not tion of the document. This has proved keep it out of the light. In 1894, they very useful over the years. He also had finally put it into a frame between two photographs made of the document. The pieces df glass and put the frame out oE Library of Congress at that time had no light. photographic department of its own, In 1903, the State Department began merely a photostat machine, so it called again to worry and again called upon the in Levin C. Handy, the son-in-law of National Academy of Sciences, which Matthew Brady, who had previously again appointed a committee, this time taken a picture of the Declaration of In- headed by Professor Chandler of Colum- dependence on the roof of the State De- bia. There was at least one librarian on partment building in 1903 at the sugges- this committee-John Shaw Billings-at tion of the National Academy of Sciences that time librarian of the Army Medical committee. He installed his enormous Library in Washington. Billings, although camera in the Librarian's office, and a librarian, had a specialty in medical there made 18" x 24" glass negative bibliography. It is apparent that when it photographs of both the Declaration and came to restoration of important na- of the Constitution which had come to tional documents in the 19th century, the Library of Congress at the same time. there was no restoration profession upon Unfortunately, these negatives have com- which to call. pletely disappeared. The new committee examined the documents carefully, and stated that they found no evidence of mold or of other The Declaration Enshrined causes of disintegration, that it was un- The Librarian then had a shrine con- wise to treat or attempt to restore, and structed-an elaborate marble exhibit recommended that it be kept in the dark case in the main exhibit hall of the Li- and as dry as possible. The State Depart- brary of Congress against the west wall. ment followed the recommendation. It was a very appropriate place; how- However, by 1919, the State Department ever, the case now stands there vacant, began to feel that possession of this docu- because the documents have since been ment was a nuisance. People insisted on transferred to the National Archives. seeing it, and if they couldn't see it in- The case was completed in February formally, they would get letters from 1924, and the documents were placed on exhibit at a ceremony attended by Presi- dent Coolidge. The Librarian, Dr. Put- nam, describkd the event as showing the emotional potency of documents animate with a great tradition. The Declaration of Independence was mounted vertically above the Constitu- tion which was mounted horizontally. In tlle Declaration's portion of the case, there was a mounted window containing two panes of glass between which was a yellow film. The document was inserted behind these panes of glass. To hold the document in place, it had to be suspended on a mount, and in order to get advice on this, Dr. Putnam again called on Rlr. Fitzpatrick. Fitzpatrick recommended in writing, which still exists, that it would be appropriate to tip the document down upon a mount. As a result, the document was tipped down all around, not just in one or two places, on a mounting-board and was inserted in place. On October 1, 1939, Dr. Putnam re- This happened in February 1924. For tired and was succeeded by Archibald some 20 Gears thereafter, there were MacLeish. Mr. MacLeish inherited, various alarms and excursions. Actually, among other things, the Declaration of the alarms started even before the docu- Independence and its headaches. On ment had been inserted in the exhibit January 9, 1940, Mr. MacLeish had been case. The Constitution was horizontal, in office three months when Captain and one would expect to look directly Mulaney-Captain of the Guards-re- over the case onto it. Visitors were al- ported a crack in the upper right-hand lowed to walk right up to it and look corner of the document. The immediate through the glass into it. Even before it custodian of the document was the Chief was in place, somebody saw a silverfish of the Manuscripts Division, Dr. St. in the case. Remember that tlle case was George Sousa, a historian of some note, made of marble-cut completely out of who was not very familiar with parch- marble-and the glass on top of it was in ment. a heavy bronze frame which fit ever so tightly .and beautifully into the frame on The Tipping Released top of the marble. The entire staff kept watch for silverfish. There was a con- Dr. Sousa made a long report dated tinuous -guard beside the documents in January 12, 1940, and it is known that any case, but these guards watched out they released the tipping on that date. not only for thieves and saboteurs, they It was decided that the tipping had made also watched out for silverfish. I doubt a constraint on the parchment which that any silverfish got in there again. had been allowed to expand and con- An article appeared in the Washington tract freely, resulting in the cracking. At Post, saying that a visitor to Washington this time, in 1940, in the threat of the had seen a bug in the case. The reporter splitting Declaration, Mr. MacLeish cre- from the Post who had printed the story ated a position-Keeper of the Collec- was invited to the Library, and we tions-and appointed Alvin W. Kremer, opened the case and searched it, but who had been involved with the program there was no sign of any bug. for some time. The position has now ex- pantled into that of Assistant Director member, was against tlie west wall. The for Preservation. Library of Congress was not air-condi- Mr. Kremer wa5 lrery much a worrier tioned then, and thus it may be supposed and kept constant watch over the Decla- that in sl)ite of the fact that the docu- ration; nothing happened to it that he ment was in a case, it was still subject to didn't know. He bkan a photographing temperature variations ranging from the program, and there are records of photo- 90's (Fahrenheit) in the summer clown to graphs made August 12-13, 1940, Oc- room temperature in the winter, antl to tober 9, 1940, January 4, 1941, antl No- humidity variations again from the 90's vember 18, 1941 among others. (Relative Humidity) in the summer to At the same time, we entered into con- perhaps 10 in the winter. sultations as to what should be done with The bronze case was packed into an this document. After consulting with enormous thick oak box packed in rock several prominent men, we chose George wool. This was to protect it against fire, Stout, now Director of the lsabella Stuart flood, etc. It was then bundled into a Gardner Museum in Boston, and his as- double compartment of a Pullman cal sociate, Mrs. Evelyn Ehrlich. Both he accompanied by two Secret Service agents and Mrs. Ehrlich proved to be experi- and myself. In this company it traveled enced, competent and cautious restorers. to Louisville and there was picked up by We also consulted the British Museum's a wersonnel carrier from Fort Knox and experience with another document early taken to the bullion depository and put in the century. Plans were made for re- into one of the lower dungeons where pairing the document, for removing it the relative humidity was approximately from its case and for giving it whatever 597". Plans for repair were not gilen up it needed to put it together again antl -they were just deferred-and in May keep it from splitting further. 1942, there is an entry in my daily diary to the Librarian saying, "Preparations On to Fort Knox for lepairing the document are complete. I shall meet Mrs. Ehrlich and Dr. Stout It was planned that Stout and Ehrlich tomorrow morning. I intend to keep a should come to Washington in January close watch over the whole urocedure 1942. But there was an interruption- and to maintain a careful record of the war clouds had been gathering. The everything done." And so, on the morn- Library of Congress had secured 40 cubic ing of hIay 13, 1942, I met Stout and feet at tlie bullion depository in Fort Ehrlich in the railroad station at Louis- Knox in which to store its most impor- ville. We were taken to Fort Knox and tant documents. A bronze hermetically went to the bullion depository. A few sealed case had been made to house the passages from my diary follow. Declaration antl four leaves of the Con- "The case containinr the Declaration L, stitution, and then on December 7, 1941, was taken from the vault and placed in a Pearl Harbor was bombed. At this point, north room prepared as a workroom for the decision was made to evacuate, but it the A1,urwose: L his room has tile walls was necessary to determine whether the and floor. Atmospheric conditions: dry Library of Congress had the authority to bulb 76, Fahrenheit wet bulb 56, rela- evacuate the Declaration of Independ- tive humidity 5974. The document was ence. The Attorney General was asked, taken from the container. . . . May 14, causing a delay of some days. Mean- work began approximately at 9 a.m. The while, on December 18, Dr. Sousa ad- document was removed from the vault dressed a note to the Librarian indicat- and Dr. Stout antl Mrs. Ehrlich made a ing that he had observed no new tears, cletailecl description of it. The document but he noticed that the edges were curl- was then removed from its mount. This ing. This, he said, must have been caused mount consisted of a heavy pulp board by releasing the tipping and the cold covered with a kraft type paper with a December weather. The exhibit case, re- frame of green velvet glued on. This was to keep the board out from the glass and said, "Weber, what do you think?" and give the document room to move In other words, this was something new ;lrou& in, we'll suppose. A strip of tissue to them, but it was what we had to de- paper about y4 of an inch wide was pend on in 1940 for knowledge on how pasted with an adhesive, apparently part to treat important documents. glue and part paste, on the mount in the Discussions with the Bureau of Stand- form of a rectangle, the outer dimen- ards continued, focusing particularly on sions of which were the dimensions of how to prevent further degradation. It the tlocument. The document had at>- was decided to encapsule both the Dec- parently been at one time pasted down at laration and the Constitution in Thermo- the margin on this strip. It had, accortl- pane in an atmosphere of helium, some- ing to a report of the Chief of the Manu- what humidified. Now this, of course, scripts Division dated January 12, 1940, offers a hazard because if the tempera- been detached from the mount on that ture of a humidified atmosphere drops, date. In places, however, it had re-adhered it can reach the dew point. So the Bureau on the upper side and especially lower ol Standards manufactured a paper in margins, while in other places on these its own mill to serve as an absorbent. margins the tissue was left adherent to the This paper would, it was calculated and document instead of to the mount. Along shown by experiment, in case of a drop the upper margin the tlocument had in in temperature, absorb the humidity and several places been fixed firmly into place not permit it to precipitate on the docu- with glue in an effort to stop the extend- ment itself. Thermopane is two pieces of ing cracks. Practically the whole of the glass, separated by 1/4 or 1/2 inch and detached upper right-hand corner had soldered around the outside. It is used been glued down in this manner, as well as insulation. In this case, the interior as the-portio~lof the document surround- was filled with helium. To prevent an ing the crack above the capital letter S accidental loss of helium which might in States in the heading. At one time also, not be suspected, an electrical device about January 12, 1940 an attempt had (the same device which is used to detect been made to reunite the detached upper gasoline vapors in the holds of boats) right-hand corner of the main portion by was used, and it was constantly moni- means of a strip of Scotch cellulose tape, which was still in place, discolored to a Alvin W. Krerner, center n~olassescolor. In the various mending." efforts, glue had been splattered in two places on the obverse of the document." The result was that Stout and Ehrlich did an effective job of restoration.

The Bureau of Standards Among the people that we had consulted were Dr. Scribner, perhaps the greatest living expert on paper, the head of the Paper Section of the Bureau of Standards. The problem was that he was the greatest living expert on new paper because a paper manufacturer never sees his product after it leaves the mill. Scrib- ner and his associate, Weber, stood in front of the Declaration of Independ- ence, looking at it. They stared at it for nearly five minutes without saying a word. Then Scribner turned to Weber tored. Actually one of the Thermopanes a permanent durable paper, the work did lose helium once because of a leak; on the binding standards, the work on a it has been replaced. In September 1952, permanent durable polyvinyl acetate acl- the documents were all placed in these hesive. The Library of Congress has sub- helium capsules and later that same year, vented some important work in the pres- they were all transferred to the National ervation of phonodiscs, but we need Archives, where they still remain. others. There is money for this, if adequate proposals could be made. We need In Conclusion proposals for research in this area. We need training. And there should be more Some conclusions may be drawn from jobs such as that of the Keeper of the this story. First, it is apparent that the Collections in the Library of Congress. topic of preservation has been neglected Preservation must become an important in the professional discussions of librar- and integral part of the profession. ians. If such problems had been discussed properly at professional meetings, there would have been a body of literature, Received for review May 17,1971. Manu- and there would have been people iden- script accepted for publication Sep 15, tified as having some expertise in the 1971. field. In fact, there might even have been some bases for training. Note that when the National Academy of Sciences Mr. Clapp is consultant, Council on Li- was consulted, they brought in chemists, brary Resources, Washington, D.C. He inorganic chemists at that. Only once was a potent force in the Library of was a librarian called in and he was not Congress during much of the history de- a specialist in document restoration. scribed here. From 172211947 he was As- When the Library of Congress needed sistant, Manziscripts Division; Assistant, advice, it had to turn to its Chief of Reading Rooms; Director, Administra- Manuscripts Division who was not a tion Department; Director, Acquisitions repairman either. Department. In 1747 he was appointed We need manuals; we need research. Chief Assistant Librarian of Congress, a In the last 30 years, the principal re- post he held until 1756. The paper was search in this area has been done by prepared from the transcript of Mr. Bill Barrow, to whom we owe the cy- Clapp's keynote speech presented at the lindrical laminator, the deacidification New York Library Association's confer- process, the history of all papers to tell ence on preservation, during NYLA's an- us what happened, the development of nual conference on Nov 12, 1970. Book Budget Allocation Subjective or Objective Approach

Bette Dillehay

A. H. Robins Company, 1407 Cummings Drive, Richmond, Virginia 23220

Budgetary control and financial man- allocation should be developed. Previous agement are keys to efficient utilization acquisitions were correlated with book of resources invested in industrial librar- circulation, books published, book costs ies. While present methods of acquisi- and total research budget. The results in- tion are geared to random selection of dicate that acquisitions based on user re- books based on user requests, such meth- quirements combined with a computer ods bear little relation to a balanced col- analysis of existing holdings produce a lection. A study was initiated to deter- collection most valuable to the user com- mine if an objective approach to budget munity.

ONA BOOKSHELF in the office of of budgetary limitations. As specializa- most special librarians can be found tion becomes narrower and the informa- such titles as Technical Book Reuiew Zn- tion explosion larger, individuals con- dex, Guide to Reference Books, and more centrate on smaller and smaller segments specific titles like A Guide to the Litera- of knowledge. In addition such special- ture of Chemistry or Chemical Publica- ists become more and more certain that tions. Beyond the doors of most special they alone are competent to choose titles libraries are located the specialists who in their field and reject the recommen- usually decide, without the aid of these dations or suggestions of the librarian. tools, which books shall be purchased. This is not to say that the librarian The librarian has at hand the knowledge uses no discretion in book selection and and technical skill to effectively establish orders whatever and whenever so di- and maintain a collection of books rected, but unless a program is devel- which would be most valuable to the oped which establishes guidelines for user community, yet he usually functions collection control, the librarian is in a in the passive role of filling requests. most vulnerable position. The objective This constitutes book selection in an ir- of such a program should be to involve responsible manner, for the collection is the librarian in the decision-making subject to rapid imbalance should a par- process and thus make the maximum use ticularly enthusiastic specialist fail to see of the knowledge and skills developed the effects of his requests. It is difficult through training and experience in li- for such a specialist to perceive the needs brary work. of the institution within the framework Regardless of the origin of requests, the librarian is usually responsible for setting budget amounts on an annual basis for book acquisition. Most text- books offer the proposition that the book Figure 1. budget be based on the number of engi- Librarian Researcher neers, scientists or whatever in a com- Awareness of tools to aid Knowledge of the nature pany or institution. This figure, it would in book selection of the literature in his seem, bears little relation, however, to subject specialty the number and cost of books being pro- Generol awareness of Knowledge of clossic duced. The purpose of the library must needs of all fields of works within his field interest pertinent to li- be geared to the user in a realistic man- brary collection ner. The only relevant reality is the re- Comprehensive awareness Ability to determine rela- ality of the number and quality of books of current publications tive value of current being produced. Naturally, a department publications with a larger staff complement will need more duplicate copies and may have a wider variety of research projects; however, ten research staff members working in a specialized area will need access to the same quantity of sources as one hun- Figure 2. Subject Categories dred. Anatomy, Human Anesthesia Objective Standards Sought Bacteriology/lrnmuno~ogy The purpose of our study was to Biochemistry arrive at a more objective means of de- Botany termining minimum standards and re- Chemistry, General quirements and to establish a more bal- Chromatography anced method of selection within each Gastroenterology discipline served by the library. The Genito-urinary crux of the problem seemed to be that Industrial Medicine traditional methods of book selection have become decreasingly viable and Metabolism/Nutrition thus alternate means need to be devel- Medical Research Techniques oped. The emphasis must be on a Nervous System method whereby research staff members Organic Chemistry and librarians can function together more effectively. Such a method will in- Pathology volve the knowledge and training of the Pediatrics Pharmocognosy librarian as well as the subject specialist. Pharmacology, Clinical Before attempting such a union it is Pharmacology, Experimental Pharmacology, General necessary to define what knowledge and Pharmocy/Moteria Medico skills can be brought into play by each PhysicoI/TheoreticaI Chemistry (see Figure 1). Physiology Psychiatry and Psychology Public Health Contacting the Users Surgery The first step was to establish cate- Terotology gories of the various subjects (Figure 2) Therapeutics covered and to determine the areas most Toxicology in need of development as this would Veterinary dictate grcater emphasis in future expan- Virology sion. This initial phase of the project offered us the opportunity of approaching our users, enthusiastic and unentl~usias- tic, with the idea of cooperative collec- 2. Determine the extent of existing or tion development. projected research programs. Using the shelf list cards, holdings As we expected, most evaluations were divided into the categories estab- \flowed the reviewer considered the col- lished. Interdisciplinary works were lection weak in his particular area. The placed either in thk most heavily treated majority of the surveys showed few ac- subject category or in multiple cate- tual suggested titles but rather included gories. These entries were then key- - statements such as "not much broad ma- punched for computer processing. Basic terial available in collection," "no re- reference information including author, cent textbook available," "strongly urge title and imprint was punched along that we acquiie additional mono- with category and type of book. (The graphs." Other surveys had lists of books types indicated included reference, texts, . * which the ieviewer felt should be pur- monographs, serials, proceedings, and chased but few comments as to why they annuals.) This information was printed were recommended. out for each category alphabetically by tvne of book and cowies were distributed i l Literature Profiles to several members of the research group specializing in the sul~ject cov- At this point the work of the library ered. A memo explaining the project stall truly began. It was our responsibil- and eliciting their aid accompanied the ity to draw up a detailed description of list, along with a survey questionnaire the results and to propose a method for u.hic11 called for evaluation of the hold- the implementation of an ongoing pro- ings and recommendations for expanded gram. What we did in effect was a profile coverage. on the literature of each field. We began Ant;cipating the return of question- by reviewing what has been written con- naires filled to the brim with recom- cerning the literature of the field, the mended acquisitions, we attempted to availability of adequate bibliographies, establisl~priorities to be used for each the activity of books currently in the li- subject for the final phase of acquisition. brary on the same subject and the num- Knowing there are an infinite number ber of requests for books on the subjects of levels, we divided them into three we were forced to borrow from outside categories: sources. This information was readily available from the inter-library loan 1. Core collection-Those books which computer program which provides us are considered essential regardless of with the capability of retrospective anal- the depth of research. ysis of inter-library loan requests. In ad- 2. Collection to support basic research dition, we compiled information on each or to support ongoing program. subject regarding its relevance to the 3. Collection to support advanced re- firm as evidenced by the total number of search on an in-depth basis. people involved in it and the total re- As the questionnaires for each cate- search budget amount allocated to it. gory were completed, conferences were Naturally there was not a direct correla- arranged with the reviewers and mem- tion between the subjects selected for the bers of research management concerned collection survey and the research with each particular area of the collec- budget. It was not too difficult to make tion. Here the purpose was to: the necessary adjustments, however. We benefited twofold in this by learning 1. Describe the nature of the relevant more about the nature of the projects be- literature in terms of the levels es- ing conducted and the long range plans tablished and in terms of stress on of each department. current or retrospective publications, All of this still left the library in the monographs, serials, and non-book position of filling requests without con- materials. tributing to the selection of titles. The bookshelf of the librarian was still un- received. The entire file could be printed used. Soul-ces In Science was untouched. using any of the above items as an entry UTehad become involved in the decision- point. making process, but our richest resources This file serves multiple purposes. remained untapped. What evolved as a Most importantly, it serves as an ideal result of this void is one of the most source for constructing an allocated worthwhile aspects of the entire pro- book budget, based on user requests and gram. needs.

Maintaining a Current Collection The Budget With the help of research personnel, In developing cost data, two sets of we had developed a profile for each sub- figures are necessary: 1) a basic alloca- ject area, and we had determined at tion, and 2) an augmentation. The basic which level each should be maintained. allocation reflects the sum necessary to The third step would involve developing maintain the collection and the augmen- the collection to the desired level and tation is designated for developing the the maintenance of this level within collection to the levels indicated desir- budgetary limits. Our major interest be- able. The maintenance cost will remain came the latter; i.e., to determine the fairly stable from year to year and can estimated annual cost of keeping up with be calculated from past acquisition rec- worthwhile current publications in the ords. Figures for the second category are various disciplines. This phase of the determined from the review index. program would not involve retrospec- In planning the book budget for 1971, tive purchasing nor the purchase of an- the procedure used was as follows (see nuals or serials which is handled on a Figure 3): First, the approximate total continuing basis. Current book reviews cost of all books published in fields per- appearing in the major discipline jour- tinent to our interests was determined nals were chosen as the raw data source from the review index print-out. This for our update program. From these, we figure is broken down into the subject could obtain: categories to provide us with a picture of Approximate number of titles pub- the emphasis as it exists in the publica- lished annually in a given subject. tion market. The total research budget Approximate cost of material pub- is then examined to determine the em- lished in a given subject. phasis in each category from the com- Up-to-date bibliography of titles in a pany's point of view. The book figure es- given subject. tablished the availability and the budget figures determine allocation based on Journals were reviewed to determine the overall ratio of book budget to book the most appropriate ones for each cate- allocation (see Figure 4). Thus, we were gory. Those titles containing annotated able to set a book acquisition figure reviews on a regular basis were chosen. which was realistically based on the The same program developed for the quantity of publication and the empha- collection survey was used for indexing sis placed on fields of research within the the reviews. company. In order to establish the average number of books and the average annual cost Follow-Up of these, we indexed the reviews for 1968 and 1969. Each review was keypunched Once the book budget allocation was to print subject, type of book (reference, determined, conferences were again held text, proceedings, monograph), author, with various members of the research title, cost, review address. staff to discuss the amounts allocated to Beginning in June of 1970, we in- their fields. They were told they would dexed the reviews as the journals were receive a quarterly activity report, one Figure 3. Allocation Formula

Let: CT = Total cost of books published of pertinent research types (Assume k research types)

k Ci =Cost of type "i" books published (i = 1 . . . k) (2 Ci = CT) i=l RT = Total research budget (Assume k research types as above for CT) k Ri = Research budget for type "i" research (r = 1 . . . k) (2 Ri = RT) i=l

R. ri = 2 = Fraction of total budget allocated to type "i" research RT

BT =Total book budget (same k research types) Then Bi = Book budget allocated to type "i" books

Figure 4. Formula in Action

Class

B 3,000 30,000 0.30 900 0.220 1,100

C 6,000 50,000 0.50 3,000 0.732 3,660 - - - - - Total CT = I 0,000 RT = 100,000 1.00 2=4,100 1.000 $5.000 that will show the amount spent to date and a list of the books purchased. This is available on request from the con- Receiued for review Jun 14, 1971. Manu- stantly up-dated computer book-acqui- .script accepted for publication Oct 20, si tion file. 1971. Each time a purchase is made the information is added to the collection survey file so that complete holdings in all subject areas are always available for print-out should they be needed. It is a valuable reference tool when discussing our holdings with either department heads or new employees since the card catalog is a bit unhandy to transport to conferences and laboratories. A print-out of the reviews indexed in any field is also available on request at any time. This index is always referred Mrs. Dillehay is librarian, A. H. Robins to when a book request is received. If Company, Richmond, Va. Presented at the review appears objectionable or the The Third General Session on Jun 7, book seems to duplicate material in our 1971, during SLA's 62nd Annual Con- holdings, the requester is sent a copy of ference in San Francisco. the review and asked to reconsider his recommendation. Time for Decision Library Education for the Seventies

Andrew H. Horn

School of Library Service, University of California, Los Angeles 90024

A model for a master's degree pro- responsibility to define the competencies gram in library and information science necessary to practice at the professional is suggested. Degree requirements should level in the public interest. Certification not be couched in terms of courses to be is needed to direct professional educa- completed. The degree ought to certify tion, and to make continuing education that its holder has presented evidence of a necessity rather than an option. In- basic competencies needed for successful volvement of practitioners in profes- professional practice, and has also devel- sional education is a dimension of con- oped the basis for a field of specializa- tinuing education. tion. Professional associations have a

LIBRARYSCHOOLS, if they are not process is to establish a model or hypo- already doing so, must soon make some thetical program. When it is agreed to decisions about their programs; specifi- accept the model, or some modification cally, the master's degree programs. of it, it becomes a plan. When the plan These decisions are of central impor- is fully implemented it becomes a pro- tance because that degree should articu- gram. At UCLA about two or three years late with paraprofessional and under- ago we began to construct a model for a graduate programs as well as with postmaster's degree program. We do not master's and doctoral programs. These claim that it is ours because it has been decisions cannot be focused upon de- shaped and changed by the professional fense of the status quo; rather the deci- literature; by policies and plans of pro- sions must be directed toward change. fessional associations; by studies of All of the institutions and organizations, higher education and the reports of these and all of the people who vitalize the in- studies, many of which contain radical stitutions and organizations which im- recommendations; and by programs of pinge upon library schools are them- graduate library schools in the United selves in the process of making decisions States (especially that of the University in response to demands for change-li- of Chicago) and abroad (especially those braries, librarians, professional associa- of Great Britain and Canada). Although tions, universities, students, teachers, aca- there are many aspects of the model demic administrators and planners. which seem only to describe current One way to start the decision making practice at one or another, it is un- likely that there is any existing program grees, and 2) those which simply stimu- which contains every element and sub- late mutually beneficial interaction be- element of the model. If such a program tween schools and practitioners. actually did exist, we would no longer be talking about a model, but rather the program itself. 1) A Statement of the Mission of the School The Program Model

This model for a master's degree pro- Most universities have passed from gram in library and information science line budgeting through performance consists of seven elements: budgeting and have arrived at relating 1. The statement of the mission and ob- planning to budgeting with continuous jectives of the school offering the pro- review and evaluation. At first it seemed gram. difficult to apply PPB to academic situa- 2. The policies, procedures and organi- tions because the concept was devised zation required to operate the pro- for single mission-oriented programs, gram and improve it. and once the mission was accomplished 3. Admission requirements. the program was finished. Universities 4. Degree requirements. are multi-program institutions and most 5. Means of obtaining competence and of their programs are open-ended; that evidence of competence. is, their missions are really never ac- 6. Areas of competence which the degree complished. In a library school, instead certifies. of setting out to prepare a given number 7. Articulation of the degree with for- of persons to enter professional practice, mal and informal continuing educa- our mission has been continuously to tion programs. prepare such persons for a profession which has changing requirements. It It could be argued that the first two turns out, after all, that neither univer- elements are related and supportive sities nor library schools can escape de- rather than actual parts of a degree pro- fining their missions simply because they gram, and that they are therefore inap- are open-ended. The model calls for defi- propriate as elements of the model. Yet, nition of the library school's mission un- a program which is not identified with der several headings: the mission and objectives of the school which offers it can quickly become ir- ) To study manpower needs, locally relevant and arcane. The same will hap- and nationally, in order to determine pen to a program which is regarded as the kinds of competence needed by pro- separate from the organization, policies fessional practitioners, research-teaching and procedures needed to make it oper- personnel, and specialists in libraries, in- ate and improve. formation centers, the information and It could also be argued that continu- communication industries, bibliographi- ing education is something which fol- cal enterprises, and training or educa- lows a master's degree program and is tional institutions. The school must de- therefore inappropriate as an element of termine the type, quality, and level or the model. However, it is felt that the intensity of training required to equip master's degree is simply a stage of for- its graduates for effective contributions mal education and really the first part of at the present time, but more impor- professional education which must be a tantly, also for predictable changes in continuing process. Further, the master's our society. degree program should provide the focus ) To recruit, select, and train (i.e., of- for two kinds of continuing education fer the necessary programs of instruction programs of library schools: 1) those leading to appropriate degrees and cer- leading to additional certificates and de- tificates) persons to fill the general and specialized manpower needs of the agencies mentioned above. Graduates must 2) Written and Codified Policies and have skills in management, research and Procedures Which Clarify the Organiza- tion, Operations, Responsibilities, and teaching; and also general professional Accountability of the School--Open to competence as well as some specialized Public Scrutiny, for Evaluation and professional or subject-oriented compe- Criticism. tence. ) Through research, to contribute to the solution of problems encountered in The model cannot specify policies and librarianship, bibliography and informa- procedures because they must vary with tion science; through state-of-the-art the mission of the school and the legis- studies, to provide fresh interpretations lation of the parent institution. My own or determine areas currently in need of school, for example, has prepared over study; and through far-ranging inquiry, 50 formal statements of policy and pro- to discover new knowledge or new in- cedures; several of them have undergone sights and report them in the profes- many revisions. sional and scholarly literature. It is in the policies and procedures ) To provide the opportunity and fa- that one should be able to discover how cilities for continuing education of prac- a school accomplishes or assures certain ticing librarians, bibliographers, and in- requirements important to a master's de- formation scientists. gree program, even though not specified ) Through direct participation on the in it. Here are some examples. How does part of its faculty, staff and students, to the school attempt to recruit students advise and assist in established, innova- with a variety of ethnic, cultural, and tive, and experimental programs-local, economic backgrounds? How does the regional, national, international-which school guarantee the participation of directly or indirectly are related to the students and staff members in basic information needs of people at all age decisions such as staffing, academic pro- levels in various social and institutional grams, courses, etc.? What are the guide- environments. lines for evaluating student perform- ) To review and evaluate this mission ance? How does the school provide for and measure and analyze the perform- evaluation of teaching effectiveness and ance of programs established to accom- course quality by students as well as by plish it. faculty members and the support and administrative staff? How are the civil A school must also list all of its pro- rights and academic freedom of staff grams, preferably as a part of the state- members and students protected? What ment of the school's mission, to ensure machinery is provided for due process that each program is directly related to and appeal? What evidence is there that the mission and to show relationships the school is making maximum use of among programs. At UCLA, for exam- up-to-date teaching techniques, of multiple, we have identified five programs of media instructional materials, and of instruction and research which depend equipment and facilities to promote a almost entirely upon university funding stimulating and effective learning envi- through the school's budget. We have ronment? How does the school guarantee identified five additional programs compliance with its own regulations and which depend upon university funding those of the university? only for stimulation, administration and Modern society demands responsible use of facilities. Extramural grants and administration and management, com- paid fees or sales determine the limits plete disclosure of activities, protection of some of these programs; others de- of individual privacy and civil liberties, pend heavily upon volunteered time of and full accountability. A model for pro- the school's staff and of interested prac- fessional education cannot disregard titioners. these demands. Formulation of admission require- 3) Admission Requirements. Conditions of ments is more difficult than it may ap- Admission of Students Must Be Clearly pear. Universities have broad, minimum Stated and Must Be Published. If a School admission requirements which all de- Offers More Than One Program of Instruc- tion Leading to a Degree or Certificate, the partments, schools and colleges within Admission Requirements to Each Program them must honor. In addition, the uni- Must Be Stated Separately. Relationships versity expects each school to determine Among Programs Must Be Explained in specific additional admission require- the Statements of Admission Require- ments which must be academically justi- ments or in the Statement of the School's fied, realistically related to programs, Mission and Programs. and which take into consideration the just claims or demands of minority groups or disadvantaged persons for ac- Admission requirements are not new. cess to professional training. Practicing Library schools have always had them, librarians occasionally give advice to but the model makes clear certain as- schools on admission requirements. pects which are frequently obscured. Sometimes these cannot be legally applied; sometimes they conflict with gen- ) A person applies for admission to a eral standards established by a univer- program, offered by the school, not sity. merely to student membership in the Most schools have not attained model school. Each program must have objec- status in the matter of admission re- tives, and the program must lead either quirements. Some schools announce ad- to a degree or certificate or not. Admis- mission requirements, but are very lax sion requirements must not be artificial in applying them in order to fill quotas or arbitrary; they must either be directly or sub-quotas of students. At the other and demonstrably related to the pro- extreme, schools are sometimes said to gram, or to the limitation in number of be so rigid in the formulation of require- students for which the school has re- ments and in applying them that they sources and facilities. deny access to persons of great profes- ) Admission requirements must be sional promise. Occasionally there may enumerated and explained clearly, quan- be injustice, or cowardice, in the enforce- titatively when appropriate. This is es- ment of requirements-as when an ap- sential for the potential applicant to plicant is told his GRE score is too low, prepare himself to qualify for admission, or that the quota is filled, when in re- or to enable him to make a self-evalua- ality the admissions officer may have tion which will determine whether or misgivings about the emotional stability not he should apply. of the applicant, or may employ per- ) Admission requirements should not sonal prejudices. be changed capriciously, and they should not be changed without public notice. The effective date of changes must be 4) The Statement of Degree Requirements reasonably set, usually a year following Which Includes the Requirements of the announcement, so that potential appli- University and Also Those of the School cants are allowed a realistic amount of Itself, the Latter to Recognize the Compe- time to make adjustments in their prep- tencies Required in Professional Practice. aration for admission. ) It must be made clear that admis- So far as I am aware, the master's de- sion requirements collectively reflect a gree requirements of universities are rea- standard for admission and that there is sonable, albeit somewhat formal, and a possibility of waivers, adjustments, present no real difficulties. They usually modifications, weighting, and considera- include: 1) Minimum and maximum tion of qualifications not specifically length of residence in the university; 2) enumerated. Minimum number of courses, and specified level of courses; 3) Scholarship oped almost entirely within the program standing, i.e., minimum grade point av- and courses offered by the library school, erage. Fortunately, there is a growing but the specialization might be based liberalization, even at the graduate level, upon study in cognate academic disci- in the assignment of pass-fail grades plines or professions. When the special- rather than A,B,C letter grades or nu- ization is based upon cognate disciplines, merical grades; 4) Formal filing of a its relevance to librarianship, bibliogra- thesis or research paper, or of a compre- phy or information science must be evi- hensive examination, or both; 5) A pe- dent in the thesis or brought out by com- tition for advancement to candidacy for prehensive examination if a research the degree or certificate. paper is submitted in lieu of a formal Universities leave to schools and de- thesis. partments the determination of addi- Normally, evidence of satisfactory tional degree requirements, applicable preparation for specialization will be an to the specific needs of the discipline or academic year of post-baccalaureate profession for which the degrees pro- study in addition to the academic year vide initial preparation. It is here that normally needed to acquire the seven tlle model departs from common prac- basic competencies. However, experience tice. In the model, the additional re- and/or study in some other discipline or quirements for the master's degree in some other university or place may pro- library and information science are: vide a part or all of the specialized preparation. The library school may, when ) Evidence of competence in specified it deems it necessary, require formal test- areas, i.e., the model specifies seven ing to prove that experience is actually competencies which are necessary for all equivalent in knowledge base to aca- practitioners in librarianship, bibliog- demic study. raphy, and information science. The important departure from previous prac- ) The third degree requirement is a tice is that competencies, not courses, are thesis or research paper. If a student has ~equi~edfor tlle degree. Roy Stokes (I), a already written a formal thesis or disser- penetrating observer, gave us a brilliant tation to fulfill the requirements of an metaphor when he goaded us about the earlier degree he should elect to present trading stamp mentality which has per- his research in format acceptable in the vaded American higher education. We, open literature or by a clearinghouse. It I hope, no longer expect a graduate stu- is expensive and time consuming to ap- dent merely to accumulate semester or point a faculty committee to direct a stu- quarter units and grade points as though dent's research when a committee is not they were stamps, with the objective of needed. It is also wasteful to insist upon filling his book so that he may go to the formal thesis format, spelling out in de- ~edemptioncenter-the registrar's office tail the research methodology, when a -and turn it in for a degree. student has otherwise proved his re- Beyond minimum competence in all search understanding by having already seven specified areas, a higher level of written a thesis or dissertation. competence in certain areas is also re- The subject of the thesis or research quired, the areas of higher competence paper must lie in the student's field of depending upon the student's field of speciali~ation;and if the paper does not specialization. The seven areas of com- directly prove an understanding of the petence are listed in the sixth element theories, principles and methodology of of the model. modern research, there sliould be a com- ) The second degree requirement is prehensive examination to prove that evidence of specialization in a field understanding and the relationship of within, or closely related to, librarian- the research paper to the broad concerns ship, bibliography, or information sci- of librarianship, bibliography, and in- ence. The specialization may be devel- formation science. The research paper or thesis must be of sufficient importance scription of the program and evaluation and substance to justify immediate dis- of performance in it. semination through publication or deposit in an information clearinghouse Two points are worth emphasizing in which will furnish copies upon request. connection with this element of the ) The final degree requirement is the model. First, it is recognized that com- completion of a summary record of competence may be acquired in a variety of petence, a curriculum vitae, and a sum- ways, both before and after admission mary record of performance in the to the master's degree program, and in school. These records, compiled by the locations other than the library school student and by his faculty program ad- and its university. Second, it permits- visor, are prepared for deposit in the stu- hopefully, even encourages-transferring dent's permanent file. part of professional education to libraries or other information agencies, and it will involve practicing librarians in the 5) An Explanation of What Is Meant by teaching program. Of the means of im- Competence. parting competence, internship seems to be one of the most effective and the one in which librarians can be most fully Competence is acquired through: 1) an understanding of the theory and/or involved in teaching. However, good in- principles underlying a defined area of ternships will be difficult to establish knowledge, technology, or practice; 2) because the library providing the facilities for the intern should be paid for its a familiarity with the literature of a de- time and effort, and the intern should fined area; and 3) demonstrated ability in using the techniques, tools, and meth- receive a stipend. ods for effective performance in a defined activity or operation. 6) The Required Areas of Competence for Some of the means of obtaining com- the Master's Degree. petence and examples of evidence of competence are: Here again, the model departs dras- ) Formal, organized course work or a tically from recent practice, even though program of study. Evidence: transcripts, schools for several years have been reduc- course grades, scores on examinations, ing the number of courses specifically written performance evaluations, papers required for degrees. Requiring compe- submitted to fulfill requirements of a tencies rather than courses also calls course or a program of study. upon practitioners to accept new respon- ) Independent study. Evidence: spe- sibilities in professional education; it cial written or oral examinations, pub- even invites them to participate directly lications, reports. in determining degree requirements. ) Directed individual study. Evidence: This element is related to continuing written or oral examinations and/or education which should lead both to and evaluation by the person who directed from the school. Practitioners will re- the study. Most library schools have new and update their competencies, and courses designed to provide directed in- in so doing they will renew and update dividual study. the programs of their professional ) Working experience. Evidence: writ- schools. ten evaluation of the nature of the work The matter of requiring competencies and of the performance of the individual for degrees relates to both accreditation doing the work, prepared by the person and certification. It is probably neces- supervising the work. Self-evaluation is sary in the early stages of a certification acceptable evidence also, supported by a program to rely heavily upon two de- written or oral examination. vices: 1) provision of a grandfather ) Internship. Evidence: written de- clause to certify experienced practitioners who lack paper qualifications, and 2) The seven areas of required compe- blanket acceptance of degrees or courses tence are: within accreiiited prograks as evidence of qualification for certification. How- 1. Foreign languages, mathematics or ever, if a certification program stops here statistics, and computer programming. there will be endless bickering about Library schools can hardly be expected what courses should and should not be to teach these competencies. Students offered in professional schools. At this should have acquired the minimum level, a certification program is quite un- competence before entering the pro- realistic because it implies that one can gram. Higher levels of competence can, acquire competence only through de- of course, be acquired during the pro- grees, courses, workshops, institutes, etc. gram through courses in other depart- It is the old trading stamp mentality ments of the university or through the again-in the profession rather than in other means of acquiring competence the university. It also, at this level, explained in the fifth element of the makes continuing education an option model. rather than a requirement. Lifelong cer- 2. The philosophy and major prob- tification makes no more sense, and is no lems of librarianship; the roles of li- more in the public interest, than drivers' brarians, bibliographers and informa- licenses without expiration dates. One tion scientists in society; the social value should not be certified or licensed to and educational relevance of libraries, practice in any profession without pe- information, and communication sys- riodically proving that he has main- tems. tained his competence. Also, certification 3. Evaluation, selection, and acquisi- at this level is something of a "cop-out" tion of materials for libraries and other because it means that the certifying body agencies which provide texts (manu- and the practitioners for whom it acts script, printed, sound recorded, etc.), have not answered the most important documents (books, serials, microforms, question of all: Exactly what kinds of maps, prints, and other media of record- competence are necessary (and required ing), and information services for educa- to protect the public), for successful pro- tion, research, recreation, and cultural fessional practice in the field of Eibrar- enrichment. ianship being certified? 4. Identification, description, informa- When the profession and the various tion analysis, and bibliographical con- segments of it are able to tell the profes- trol (eg., listing, locating copies, etc.) of sional schools exactly what con~petencies documents which record human knowl- are needed, the schools will either be edge (including, but not limited to, able to respond properly, or be com- printed or written texts). pelled to announce that they cannot re- 5. Information resources and services; spond. dissemination of information. Lacking clear definition of required 6. Government, organization, admin- competencies by the profession, the istration and management related to li- model must rely upon a combination of braries and other information agencies; existing practice and critical comments contemporary theory and practice in the about the practice which has appeared use and development of human resources in the professional literature. The model within organizations. lists seven areas of competence which the 7. The nature and importance of master's degree in library and informa- skills which are essential for perform- tion science should certify. It will prob- ance at the professional level by librar- ably be difficult to reach agreement on ians, bibliographers, and information the list. At UCLA it has taken us over scientists-specifically: a) Theories, prin- a year to construct a list, and we are not ciples and methodology of research. (It satisfied with it. However, this element is a requirement of performance at the is the most important in the model. professional level to be able to identify problems, investigate them, propose so- The master's degree in library and in- lutions, test the proposed solutions, and formation science represents the thresh- communicate findings,) b) Theories, old of continuing education. At this principles, and metllodologies of teach- point the student may enter professional ing, supervision, and performance eval- practice and terminate formal higher uation. (It is a requirement of perform- education; he might continue without ance at the professional level to be able interruption to a certificate of speciali- to teach others to use libraries, locate zation or a doctorate; or he might en- and evaluate information, enter and use ter professional practice and later return information systems, etc. and to recruit, for further formal higher education. train, supervise and evaluate the per- Library schools have failed to be sat- formance of assistants.) c) Applicability isfactorily responsive to the demands for of systems analysis and design, quanti- more continuing education programs be- fication (measurement, costing, etc.), and cause they usually lack the funds, per- mechanization or automation in the so- sonnel and other resources to provide the lution of problems of management, com- service. But perhaps both the schools munication and information retrieval. and practitioners have taken too limited a view of what continuing education is, or can be. There are ways other than 7) The Master's Degree Program Relates summer sessions and institutes. to and Supports Continuing Education and The Carnegie Report just mentioned, Research. It Also Provides the Focus for a and others such as A Fir.rt Report of the Partnership Between Library Schools and Assembly on University Gods and Gov- the Profession. er-nance (3) sponsored by The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (also pub- In January 1971 The Carnegie Com- lished in January 1971), provide strong mission on Higher Education published indications that universities are becom- a special report, Less Time, More Op- ing, or are planning to become, more tions: Education Beyond the High School involved in open or extended programs (2). One of the major themes of the which will bring universities into work- report is stated this way: "Opportunities ing relationships with the communities for higher education and the degrees it and professions they serve. There will affords should be available to persons be a change in the age levels of entrance, tlu-oughout their lifetimes and not just exit, and re-entrance into and out of the immediately after high school." Another university. The result will be a student theme: "Society would gain if work and body mix of younger and older persons, study were mixed throughout a lifetime, of beginners and experienced practition- thus reducing the sense of sharply comers, and of persons with a great variety of partmentalized roles of isolated students backgrounds. This association of differ- v. workers and of youth u. isolated age." ences will greatly enhance the learning A major recommendation of the Re- process. po~tis that a degree or other form of Actually, much of this is already hap- credit be made available to students at pening in librarianship. More and more least every two years in their careers, and students are acquiring some competence in some cases every year. At each of these in libraries, where librarians are the points there would be three options: 1) professors. There is some, but there terminate formal higher education, 2) slloulcl be greater, use of librarians as continue formal higher education to the part-time or temporary faculty members next certificate or degree point, or 3) in the schools. It is less common, but it stopout-not dropout-for a period of should become more common for full- time to gain work experience. The Re- time library school faculty members to po~tsuggests that the master's degree be granted leaves of absence to rEturn should represent two years of study after to practice in order to update or extend the bachelor's degree. their professional experience. This also suggests the possibility of exchanges- Conclusion ;ind I know of none in the United States This model has been developed for -between libraries and library schools the purpose of assisting decision making whereby a librarian and a professor on professional education for the 1970's might be exchanged for a year. Any fac- and even the 1980's. Any school which ulty member who has tried it, and been adopts it, or some modification of it, for conscientious about it, knows that get- its plan and then begins to implement ting back on the firing line of profes- the plan will probably encounter un- sional practice is bound to increase his anticipated problems or unexpected re- competence which is, after all, what con- actions by students, alumni, practition- tinuing education is about. Professors ers, academic senates, and university need continuing education also. Any administrators. However, if professional librarian who has tried it, and been con- associations are able to make decisions scientious about it, also knows that pre- about competencies needed and to con- paring and teaching a course for pres- sider real certification programs, the de- entation to an intelligent and critical cisions the schools must make will be group oE students is bound to increase better ones and the problems of improv- his competence and be a very real ex- ing professional education will be posure to continuing education. greatly simplified. At UCLA we have learned that having one or two librarians in a course or discussion section greatly enlivens it, adds a Literature Cited dimension of reality to discussion, and 1. Roy B. Stokes / Trading Stamp Mental- forces us to relate theory to practice. Per- ity: From Across the Atlantic, a Critical haps all library school courses should be View of American Library Education. Li- open concurrently as extension courses brary Journal 92: p.3595-3600 (Oct 15, in which any qualified practicing librar- 1967). ian might enroll upon payment of a 2. The Carnegie Commission on Higher reasonable fee. Conversely, perhaps all Education / Less Time, More Options: Education Beyond the High School. New organized extension and summer session York, McGraw-Hill, 1971. 8,4513. courses-our traditional devices for con- 3. T11,e Assembly on University Goals and tinuing education-should be open to Governance / A First Report. The Ameri- students who are degree candidates. The can Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1971. mix of student and practitioner should 51p. also appear in institutes, workshops, conferences, special lectures, meetings of Received for review Jul 15, 1971. Manu- faculties, meetings of professional asso- script accepted for publication Oct 25, ciations. l97l. Picture Searching 1. Techniques

Renata V. Shaw

The Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540

do in preparing for the task at home the Picture searching is discussed as a more time he can save in going through special intellectual discipline for which the actual files he has to search. But how no specific education or established re- can the picture searcher learn about all quirements exist at present. Certain tech- the possible pictures available to him? niques are discussed, which the author The first edition of Picture Sources published in 1959 was a pioneering ef- feels should be familiar to an individual fort to find and list collections. The sec- who wishes to establish himself as a pro- ond (1964) edition, Pictz~?-eSources 2, is fessional picture searcher. greatly enlarged, and thus of much greater help to the searcher. At present SLA's Picture Division, in cooperation with the American Society of Picture PICTURESEARCHING is an activity Professionals [ASPPI, is discussing the familiar to picture librarians and picture ~ublicationof a third edition with as users but not clearly defined or well un- inclusive as possible a coverage of col- derstood by even those employers who lections, both domestic and foreign. Be- rely on picture searchers to find needed cause Picture Sou~ceslists geogra$~ic lo- pictures, order these, and have them de- cations as well as major features of the livered in the required form to the pa- collections, this information is not re- tron. peated here. As picture searching demands profes- The majority of pictule searchers to- sional competence, there should be some day are e~nployedby book and magazine agreement on the educational back- publishers, filmst1 ip manufacturels, tele- ground needed for entering this field. vision producers, adkertiring agencies, There should also be a body of knowl- and daily newspapers. As all of these edge familiar to experienced searchers. users cover a limitless number of subjects, the more the searcher knows, the better he can serve his employer. A good Educational Background I~ackgroundin liberal arts is therefore a Faced with difficult problems of pic- necessity for the picture searcher. An ture searching, the more the searcher can equally important requirement is a knowledge of political, cultural, and sci- This is the first of a two-part article by entific history, because the searcher will Mrs. Shaw. Part 2. The Tools of Picture invariably have to deal with non-current Searching, will appear in the January issue of materials in investigating anything but Special Libraries. an up-to-date news feature. 524 Art history helps the searcher distin- any number of cities or several different guish between authentic period pictures kings. Our attitude has become more and later recreations. It is preferable to critical with each refinement in the tech- leave a historical incident without illus- nical side of visual communication. In tration than to substitute a much later the early days of photojournalism a picture purporting to be of the original clever caption could save a poor picture; event. In the same way it is better to use today we no longer tolerate this type of a life portrait of a famous person rather doctoring of the truth. than an imaginary picture created after The speed of modern communications his death. is another factor in our demand for vis- A knowledge of the history of photog- ual honesty. Because we can see an earth- raphy is essential, because this deter- quake in Pakistan on the very day of the mines which events the searcher can event on our television screens, we ex- hope to document through photographs pect earlier events to be presented with and which he has to cover by using corresponding accuracy, vividness, and prints or other art work. dramatic impact. The advent of color photography and color printing has revolutionized the Societal Demands field of picture searching since World Our period sets the same high stand- War 11. The demand for color has added ards for authenticity in illustration as in a new difficulty to the searcher's task. It textual material. We have moved far is no longer suficient to find a suitable from the early period of book illustra- illustration in a secondary source; the tion, when a woodcut of a city or of a picture searcher has to dig deeper and figure wearing a crown could symbolize discover the whereabouts of the original

Fanciful view of the city of Padua-partly realistic, partly imaginary. The identical cut of this city view is used in the Liber chronicarum for Treveris (Trier), Padua, Massilia (Marseilles), Metis (Metz), Nicea (Nice), and Lituania.

Schedel, Hartrnann. Liber chronicarum. Folio XLIIII verso. "Padua, view of the city." [Incun. 1493 S3] Rare Book Division, Library of Congress, woodcut. in color to satisfy liis editor's wishes. Oc- casionally tlie searclier will have to travel to museums to supervise the shooting of color transparencies. This demands an accurate eye for color and some knowledge of tlie teclinical difficulties faced by the photographer. It is often possible to use pictures produced in many different media in one publication. In covering 19th century events a searclier may choose wood engravings from newspapers, original etch- ings or engravings, lithographed cartoons, black and white daguerreotypes and original photographs made from glass plate negatives. The picture Farm Security Administration photograph searclier has to know enough about all which still retains its freshness. these different techniques to be able to judge tlieir effectiveness in print. Line Chesnee, S.C. June 1937, A Sharecropper Boy, Farm Security Administration photo- clrawings and wood engravings generally graph. LC-USF34-17376C. produce sharply outlined clear photographs, whereas crayon lithographs care- lessly reproduced may turn out fuzzy and produce muddy illustrations lacking in black and white contrast. Halftone pho- already published books should spur a tographs seldom produce desirable cop- good searcher to an effort not to use the ies. With a great deal of detective work same pictures but to rise to the chal- tlie picture searclier may be able to dis- lenge of making fresh discoveries in un- cover whether or not the original nega- tapped picture files. tives or photographs still exist and A simple explanation for the re-use of where they may be found. It is clear that photographs is the saving of money. Pho- in every case it is preferable to search tographs from previously processed nega- out the most authentic version of a pic- tives are often sold more cheaply than ture. If this is impossible, the picture pictures which have to be copied for the searcher has to exercise enough judg- first time. New and fresh material could ment to decide if a copy of the original sutldenly surface, if photograph costs is sharp enough for reproduction. were determined in such a manner that the searclier wishing to use new collections would not be penalized for his cre- Originality Desirable ative efforts. Obviously, this runs counter Following the lead of an earlier pic- to sound photo lab business practices. ture searclier is never desirable because Publishers also want to save money by this leads to over-use of the same illustra- ordering pictures seen in published tions. The famous Farm Security Ad- books with accurate credit lines. Follow- ministmiion collection of photographs ing this lead saves many manhours of of tlie depression years numbers close to searching time as well as travel time 75,000 photographs. The same few pic- either in New York or to and from col- tures, however, are published time and lections outside tlie city. time again as illustrations in numerous Picture searchers sliould make every books. These images have today lost effort to convince publishers to allow tlieir freshness and initial impact, be- them to use the best possible pictures re- cause tlie same scenes have been regardless of the higher price. This would printed until they have become stereo- bring prestige to the publishing house types. Culling picture information from and fresh material to the reader. Quite another type of problem was Authors could still accept guidance in met by a picture searcher who was told distinguishing good and bad illustrative by his employer th;it photographs which material. Competent picture searchers were leasonable in price could not pos- are simultaneously picture editors. Only sibly be any good. He was talking about the searcher can know what pictures the priceless collections of the Library shoultl be selected from the files he of Congress! sees, since the author and text editor The most elusive qualification re- rarely have examined the same files. quired of a professional picture searcher is good taste. In choosing illustrations Organization of Picture Collections for a picture biography of a prominent man, whose dates fall into the post-Civil There is no consistency in the organi- War period, the searcher often has such ati ion of picture files. Every picture col- vast quantities of material at his dis- lection has worked out a system which posal that his biggest problem turns out best suits the retrieval needs of its read- to be what lie can safely leave out and ers. This being the case, picture search- what should be stressed in the pictorial er5 should familiarize themselves with documentation. If the general presenta- the most commonly used filing systems. tion is popular, the tone of the pictures 4 fairly recent aid in picture retrieval should be casual and include cartoons, is visual catalog cards and aperture cards posters, and ephemeral items. If, on the which include an image of the wanted other hand, the presentation is of a picture on the card itself. The picture highly scientific nature, great efforts searcher of today will not find this de- should be made to evaluate critically gree of specificity in very many collec- every illustration and use only pictures tions because of the expense involved in which harmonize with the styie bf writ- this process. ing. Authors of biographical works are Microfilms of series of photographs or not necessarily familiar with either pic- microfiche collections are another recent ture searching or the presentation of pic- development. In the future more collec- tures in books. They should realize that tions will turn to miniaturization because pictures are as much original source ma- of space problems which are becoming terial as are manuscripts, current news- harder to solve. Copying original mate- papers, and other contemporary arti- rial on film also aids in preserving it be- facts. Therefore, they should develop cause the originals are -not handled as their own picture sense and refrain from often in the searching process. sending strange picture searchers to Information retrieval by computer in match pictures to an unfamiliar text. the field of picture research is its in- fancy. A universal slide classification system with automatic indexing is being developed at the University Library, University of California in Santa Cruz. The U.S. Army Photographic Agency is Visual Catalog Card from Historical Print changing to a semi-automated system, in Collection, Library of Congress. which each microfilm cartridge can hold 1,000 images. These can be scanned in

m six seconds to locate a specific image. Fabmnius. kminique C m Many other picture collections in the Brie. Gen. Bumslde. &ston, C. D. hdrws & Co.. O1861. unit& States -are presently investigating lathograph (one tmt stone) the feasibility of automation. 20 (22.7 nth text) x 15.8 cm. Signed on stone: Fabmnius. 1. mrnside, Ambmse Everett, 18241881. Collections Picture searchers seldom understand the difference in the interior organization and the day-to-day. operations- of graphs are copied, captioned, packed commercial agencies versus government and finally sent off. collections or historical societies and Government picture collections often other private picture sources. receive long lists of photograph requests ~ommerciaipicture agencies exist in necessitating several days of work from order to serve the public as fast and as firms who do not know that some of well as possible. Their basic aim is to these large agencies are staffed by only make a profit by offering better and two or three reference librarians in spite speedier service than their competitors. of their immense collections. The short- From a recent article discussing the age of staffprevents government agencies Keystone-Germany agency in Munch we from service in depth to individuals. learn that this commercial agency has The professional picture librarians and eleven boxes of pictures of Adenauer subject specialists are delighted to inter- (3,000 pictures to a box) and seventeen pret their collections to all comers, but cartons of photographs on space flight they generally cannot make editorial se- (again, with 3,000 to a box). With this lections for out of town readers. amount of photographs to be organized, Modern copying machines which pro- reprinted, and sent out to customers, an duce adequate enough visual images for agency has to employ an efficient, well- identification purposes have greatly im- trained and experienced staff, ready to proved communications between picture give immediate service to every request. searcher and picture librarian. When a Compared to this type of commercial request is accompanied by an image, operation, government and private col- searching time is shortened considerably lections are not in any position to com- and mistakes can be largely eliminated. pete when speed is of hportance. Fre- An experienced picture searcher will al- quently their function is primarily archi- ways include an image in his request if val with the pictures organized for study he has a specific picture in mind. purposes. Because they do not profit fi- (to be continued) nancially from picture work, the emphasis is not on immediate service or filling lengthy telephone orders of diverse sub jects. Duplicate pictures are seldom kept Received for review Jul 2, 1971. Manu- on file, which forces readers to wait sev- script accepted for publication Oct 15, eral days, or even weeks, while photo- 1971.

Mrs. Shaw is bibliographic specialist in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress. Presented at the Picture Division Round Table Discus- sion on Jun 6, 1971, during SLA's 62nd Annual Conference in San Francisco. Machine-Assisted Serials Control Bindery Preparation and Claims Control

W. A. Wilkinson and Loretta A. Stock Monsanto Company, Information Center, St. Louis, Mo. 83177

Binding specifications are maintained log sheet which is kept at the periodical on embossed plastic plates, one plate for check-in desk. The log sheet is key- each title bound. All binding instruc- punched and computer-processedmonthly tions are imprinted from the plate to a to produce ready-to-mail claim letters. set of forms. The system saves time, re- Follow-up letters are produced automat- duces errors, is flexible and inexpensive. ically each month until the claims are A computer-assisted system produces filled. Total computer costs are $20 per claim letters and a claims status report. month, or $0.10 per claim letter. Issues to be claimed are recorded on a

MONSANTOCOMPANY uses a se- decided against it, in favor of an alter- rials control system* which assists in or- nate system. dering, check-in, renewals, etc. The sys- In the system adopted, binding speci- tem did not provide means for bindery fications are maintained on embossed assistance or claiming missing issues. In plastic plates, the type used as credit this article we shall discuss methods that cards. For each title bound there is a have been developed to fill those needs. plate containing all of the instructions needed by the bindery to process a vol- Bindery Preparation ume according to our specification. No other specifications are kept by us (or Anyone who has ever prepared peri- the bindery). To process a volume for odicals for binding must have concluded binding the following steps are taken: (as we did) that "there must be a better way." Having already reached that con- 1. Collect issues and index and place clusion before we began to design our in order. serials system, we considered including 2. Pull plastic plate from file and im- a capability for computer-assisted bind- print on bindery instruction forms, ery preparation. Ultimately, however, we making one set of forms for each volume of the title to be bound. 3. Write volume number(s) and * Wilkinson, W. A. / A System for Machine- year(s) on bindery forms in spaces Assisted Serials Control. Special Libraries 58 provided. (no.3): p.149-153 (Mar 1967). 4. Remove library copies of forms (for library use) and place the other method or a computer-assisted sys- copies with the volumes to be tem. bound. In addition to the obvious savings in This system appears to have most of staff time, several benefits to library the advantages of a computer-based sys- users have resulted: tem without the disadvantages: 1. The time during which volumes are being prepared for binding or 1. All of the repetitive copying of ti- are at the bindery has been re- tle, specifications, etc. has been duced, thereby interfering less with eliminated. This saves time and library users. prevents transcription errors. 2. As by-products of the bindery in- 2. This system is cheaper to operate struction forms we obtain two cop- than a computer-based system. ies for library use as follows: 3. Scheduling is more flexible since a. One copy is placed in a holder the bindery forms can be produced on the shelf where the volume on a moment's notice, in any order belongs, to tell library users that desired, in as many copies as the volume is at the bindery and needed. With computer-assisted will be returned by the date in- systems, bindery preparation must dicated. be coordinated with computer runs b. The other copy is filed alpha- and (in some cases) with the comple- betically by title in the library tion dates of volumes (and indexes). office for staff reference in an- 4. There is no investment in com- swering telephone inquiries, etc. puter programs, file creation or special continuous forms. This system was worked out several 5. Knowledge needed by the bindery years ago jointly by us and our bindery. preparation assistant is minimized, (Since that time the service has been requiring less knowledge than with made available to other libraries by sev- either the previous conventional eral binderies.) We have found that the

Figure 1. General Flow Chart

CLAl M A CARDS

\ CLAIMS STATUS REPORT

-l IBM 360/50 - ED1 T/ERROR CONTROL OR 36W6.5 CARDS _--1 C I I I

SUBSCRIPTION SUBSCRI PTl ON MF CHANCE MASTER FILE CARDS w -- time required to prepare volumes for computer assistance. Our main objec- binding has been reduced by at least tives were: 50% and errors have been reduced al- To make the recording of claims so most to zero. The system is inexpensive, simple that it could be done with- trouble free, and fills our needs remark- out interrupting the check-in proc- ably well. ess. Claims Control To process and forward claims to suppliers quickly, regularly and The 1967 article described our com- cheaply. puter-produced check-in cards which em- To provide a simple, automatic fol- ploy visible signals to help us identify low-up on claims. issues not received. While these records To print a single, up-to-date status enabled us to identify issues which report on all outstanding claims. needed to be claimed and where to claim them, the effort required to actually Our present computer-assisted system place the claims and follow-up was con- satisfies these objectives. To see how siderable. For about 2,000 subscriptions these objectives are satisfied requires a approximately 20,000 items should be brief description of the present system. received, which can require several hun- An overall view is provided in Figure 1. dred claims and follow-ups per year. As When periodicals are received they is the case in most libraries, our periodi- are recorded on a computer-printed cal check-in desk is overloaded. Since the check-in form (Figure 2). When the re- processing of claims was burdensome, quired issues for a month have been re- claims were not placed and pursued as ceived, the visible signal is moved down. diligently as they should have been. If, when checking in an issue it is no- As a result, we investigated possible ticed that a previous issue was not re- improvements in the normal claiming ceived, it is claimed. Periodically all sig- process (for instance, special multi-copy, nals are scanned, to locate those which card-size claim forms), and looked into have not been moved down recently.

Figure 2. Periodical Check-In Card

FILL NO DIV LOC KC1 NO LXP CCST VENDOR MI MOIYR 008200 07 000 760.64 154 17 197400 12 SPECIAL ISSUE5 I R 213 C CIRC TO CP HAW

0A1E REC'D

DATE REC O

7111E CON7 PREV ! FIIEO M LOC AMERICAN BOOK PUBLISHING RECORD I B012P 50 Figure 3. Claims Log Sheet

CLAlkS PAGE 1 .OF DATE 11-3-71

n ; 1, NUMOER '- [-I INVOICE L - NUMBER A F, : SPEC1 AL MESSAGES i'

Claims are prepared to obtain those is- processing against a claims master file sues. which was created previously. For each To make a claim, one line is filled in active subscription the master file con- on the claims Log Sheet (Figure 3). A tains the location (library) number, file claim number is assigned (the next avail- number (a title code), copy number, the able number), the library location is periodical title, vendor number, name filled in (Location 50 = Central Library), and address and areas for claims to be and a copy number indicated. The "ac- stored. The subscription information is tion" code in Column 17 indicates updated by the subscription information whether we are adding, deleting, or cards (if any) and then claims are added, changing a claim. Card type 6 appears in changed or deleted by the claim cards. Column 18 on all claim cards. The in- Control cards are supplied to tell the voice number (Columns 19-26) is op- computer which reports are to be tional and is not used unless required by printed and to provide fixed information the supplier. A message code can be which is to be printed on the claim let- used (Column 28) to cause a standard ters (for instance, the library mailing ad- message to be printed in the claim let- dress). ter, such as "all issues for." Otherwise Generally three kinds of reports are the claim message that will appear in printed each month: the claim letters, a the letter will be exactly as the form is claims status report and error messages. filled in (Columns 30-65). Parts of the letter are supplied by the Throughout the month claims are re- program (heading, wording, etc.), parts corded on the log sheet during the from the master file (title, supplier's check-in process, and all signals are name and address, etc.) and parts from scanned for signals that have not been the control cards (date, library reply ad- ~noveddown because issues were not re- dress, for instance). Two copies of the ceived. If issues which have been claimed claim letters are printed and forwarded previously are received, they are recorded to the supplier (one can be used by him on the log sheet as deletions (in order to reply to us). We keep only the status that they will be removed from the ac- report as our record of all active claims. tive claims during the next computer Note that the status report (Figure 4) run). At the end of the month all en- not only shows the claim number and tries on the log sheet (new claims and when first claimed, but also shows the old claims to be changed or removed) number of months the claim has been are keypunched to prepare for computer active (see the numbers under the sup- processing. plier's city). All claims remain in the Claim cards, control cards, and subscrip- system for six months (unless deleted), tion information cards are submitted for and new claim letters are mailed to the 532 Figure 4. Claims Status Report

JC FII t ad LlPX YUI~MAIICN MESS CUOt -- 1lFUR LLAFTER >#bEGINhlNb ILILE LIUt 1 TITLt LINE 2 CLAIM hU LLII* dAlE MESS CODE SPECIAL ME5IAGE INVOICE NO MU& ON CLAIM -.

CEDAR LANE rE4NtCK Nt* JERSEY Ole66 -p --5" L004L> 1 191400 FRANKLIN SOUAIIE AGENCY 565 Y IRULOLV lli),BY IJ/LLIII 0 YGL 45 hC 3 SEPI 1911 L -

50 200820 1 19140C FRANKLIN SLUARE AGtNCY 5+5 CEOAH LANE TtANECK NEW JtRStl -.07666 I~SOLOKILCLULII*NVE SOVEDlhEhlYA A 11k067 L+/LL/71 0 VOL 12 NL 9 I910 b

50 2'8400 1 191*OC FRAhKLIN SCUARE PGENCV 5*5 CtOAR LANE LElI5CWlFI Pnr~LKALISC~ECHEMlE IFRANKFURll 7IOJ4Y lUlLLlll-- - -0 V7O hL 5 Ah0 6 1910 ..

supplier each month during that period. claim letter telling us they are shipping At the end of six months, claims are re- the missing issues, telling us why they moved from the file automatically and are not, or asking us for more informa- listed so other action can be taken if tion. We have received some responses necessary (i.e. purchase the item from from American publishers within three another source). days. On the other hand, some foreign The claims system can accommodate publishers have not replied in four up to ninety-nine libraries and any num- months. The total number of outstand- ber of suppliers. Claim letters are printed ing claims is gradually declining each in batches by libraries and status re- month, however. ports are in order by libraries, then al- When libraries automate their rec- phabetically by periodical title. Com- ords, they find that the most difficult puter processing is done centrally, then aspect of implementation is to establish claim letters and status reports are for- accurate records. If our manual records warded to the appropriate libraries for of existing claims had been loo'% ac- mailing to suppliers, etc. curate, it would have been a simple task The computer programs were written to "put them on tape." Much of our ef- in 360 COBOL and are run on an IRM fort has gone into converting and cor- 360150 or 65. Computer costs for proc- recting records, checking shelves, check- essing and printing (at commercial rates) ing with suppliers and publishers, etc. are $20 per month, which works out to Nevertheless, we have found this com- approximately $0.10 per claim letter, puter-assisted claims system to be inex- and also includes the cost of the status pensive, convenient, accurate and effec- report. tive in filling our claims. It is vastly su- Response to the system by vendors perior to any manual system that we and publishers has been good. Almost have used and could provide similar without exception they reply on our benefits to other libraries that use it.

Claims Operating System

The operating system is very straigl~tfor- information that was needed to put the claim ward with no complications. Just a few spe- system on the computer. "Do we combine cific details should be considered by the pro- with it or not?" was the first question. The grammer. Serial Register System (SRS) is maintained Our goal was to start and continue a claim on punched cards and contains a lot of in- system inexpensively, simply and as soon as formation not needed in claiming. Likewise, possible. The Serial Register System (ex- the claim system would have additional in- plained in the 1967 article) held most of the formation not needed by the SRS. So we didn't combine, but used the SRS to form submitted at some time, otherwise a blank tlie first working file and con~inuedsepa- address is stored and used if a claim letter is rately from there. processed. If a vendor code should take a Since we process once a month and are new meaning, the system allows for one spe- constantly updating in a sequential manner cial processing that changes all file numbers we decided to use a tape system rather than using that vendor code to contain the new disk. This is not to say we won't use disk in vendor information. Also, 011 an optional the future. (It would just be a matter of a job basis all subscriptions on file can be listed control language change.) The COBOL lan- showing exactly what is on file for each one. guage was selected because of the ease of Claims are not included in this file printout. manipulating character information, and the ;it each processing, error messages are listed sywms back-up knowledge that is available. as well as tlle edited data cards. All data One program was needed to pull informa- cards are listed because the entire file is not tion from the SRS to start the claim system printed each time and these monthly listings file. The vendor code. title and file number can be kept as supplements. for each subscription were placed on the new Following tliis update, tlle claim activity file. It was decided to limit the title to two cards are sorted into file number, claim num- lines of 60 characters each. Few titles are ber and action codes, and passed to the last longer than this, and, if so, enough of the step of the system, whicli is handled by the title would appear for identification pur- second program. Edit errors as well as claims poses. Abbreviations could be used in the fu- deleted are listed. As was stated earlier, the ture. claims are held on file for six months only, In tlie ongoing system there are two pro- and then deleted with a special message grams, each using approximately 32K on the showing on the deletion list. Also, a status IRh4 360/65. The entire system takes less report of those su1)scriptions having claims is than 2 minutes machine time to process. prepared showing wl~atis being claimed for In the first step of the program, subscrip- that subscription. The claim letter, tlie main tion data cards are so~tedinto file number, product of tlle whole system, is prepared by card type and action sequence. Next follows tliis program at the same time the claim the execution of the fint program. This pro- status report is formatted. gram maintains tlie subscription data on the Library return mailing addresses are kept claim master file. The subscriptions are main- in a card file and submitted for processing tained in title secl~~enceand have been given each month because of the small number codes called file num1)ers. These file num- and the desired ease of changing from time bers are the same that are used in the SRS. to time. For each subscription the file number, vendor information and the title are stored. This information can be added to, changed or de- Receiued for review Sep 16, 1971. Manu- leted based on action codes used. Vendor ad- script accepted for publication Oct 25, dresses have been stored in the program for 1971. specific vendor codes. When called for by a subscription it is stored as fixed vendor information with the file number until further Mr. Wilkinson is manager of Monsanto action is taken. Tlle libt-ary uses one code to Company's Information Center, St. indicate that a publisher is tlle vendor. When Louis, Missouri. Miss Stock is analyst- this code is used, a specific address must be programmer in the Information Center. Overseas Report

SDI Svstems A United Kingdom Approach

H. H. Goom

GKN Group Technological Centre, Wolverhampton, England

at the activities of other organisations Activity in the United Kingdom in seemed advisable as an introduction. the field of Selective Dissemination of SDI has been a popular subject for dis- Information is discussed and the ap- cussion for a number of years, but when proach of one industrial library to the I looked for examples of practical ap- problem is described. plication the situation resembled that in computerised information retrieval and there was obviousIy far more "talk" than "do." It is true that we now have serv- THEREHAS always been a need to ices available on a national basis such help the information consumer keep up as the United Kingdom Chemical In- to date with new information as it ap- formation Service using Chemical Ab- pears. Special libraries have always pro- stracts Tapes and "~nspec," the service vided such a facility channelling docu- operated by the Institution of Electrical ments or articles to the right person Engineers, but "in-house" systems are a without a direct request for that particu- rarity except in a few lar$e industrial lar piece of information. Unfortunately, organisations. Thus the important names such \elvices were limited in the amount in the field appeared to be Imperial of material that could be disseminated Chemical Industries Ltd, 'CJnilever Ltd, ,II~tlle number of people to whom it Shell Research Ltd, the United Kingdom could be disseminated. These limits were Atomic Energy Authority Culham Lab- lifted with the arrival of the computer oratory, the Atomic Weapons Research on the information scene, mechanised Establishment, and the British Steel current awareness was born and the Se- Corporation (General Steels Division, lective Dissemination of Information Motherwell). Most of these systems have (SDI) became the popular term for this been described in the literature, each updated version of an old technique. has its own significant features, the ICI "Assassin" (Agricultural System for Stor- SDI in the United Kingdom age and Subsequent Selection of Infor- mation) scheme, for example, can use It was intended that this paper should both "home grown" or commercially provide a brief description of such a produced input, the British Steel Cor- service operated by one industrial li- poration scheme uses the Universal Deci- brary in the United Kingdom, but the mal Classification for the matching proc- description of one service could not be ess, while tlle Atomic Weapons Research described as indicative of developments Establishment search mainly by words in in the United Kingdom and a short look titles and so on, but my general conclusions were that in the main the use of GKN Group Technological Centre SDI systems was still restricted to large Wolverhampton, England organisations and that the use of commercially or externally produced input on magnetic tape predominated.

Why Mechanise? Local circumstances determine the requirements of all systems and the service offered in my own organisation was no exception. Guest, Keen and Nettle- folds Ltd is the largest engineering Group in the United Kingdom, more than one-third of its sales are of com- ponents-largely high precision-for the world's automotive industry; the other main markets are the engineering and allied industries and the building and construction industries. Manufacturing practice. The feasibility study confirmed facilities are widely distributed over the the demand, but our investigations also United Kingdom, Europe, Africa, India, confirmed that if costs were to be limited Australia and New Zealand. The library we would need to retain some of the ex- and information service is a Group-wide isting routines used in the production service and our main problems are those of our abstract bulletin and devise a of serving scattered users with a wide scheme that was basically simple and range of intere5ts. Over the years a num- economical in the use of computer time, ber of methods have been used to dis- yet sufficiently flexible to allow modifi- seminate information to the members of cations at a later date. It was also de- the Group, but until recently the main cided that even with an SDI service method was by a conventional abstract there was still a need for a browsing fa- bulletin produced fortnightly and circu- cility in the form of a conventional ab- lated to about 500 individuals and de- stract bulletin and it would save addi- partments within the Group. A separate tional cost if this could be produced as publication, a Auus Review, issued twice a by-product of the SDI service. a week, has provided a fast alerting service for commercial and economic infor- The System mation and in addition the information staff has carried out special searches for, Design work commenced in 1968 and and notifications of, information when- the scheme began operation on a pilot ever this has been required. scale in 1969, reaching full operation by The increasing quantity of informa- 1970. Our input is provided from the tion required by an ever-increasing num- in-house abstracting of periodicals, re- ber of personnel indicated that an al- ports and patents which was previously ternative method of dissemination was performed for the production of the ab- necessary whicll would notify users of stract bulletin and covers engineering new developments in their own particu- and metallurgical matters relevant to the lar field with a minimum of delay. A Group, plus some additional material on mechanised SDI system seemed to be business management. Some 500 journals the answer to this problem, and with the are received and scanned but the bulk of prospect of computer availability it was the input comes from a smaller hard core decided to carry out a detailed study of of journals. The volume fluctuates but the need for such a system and to inves- the average input is around 150 abstracts tigate possible methods of putting it into per week. oped from that described by Brandhorst (1) was eventually adopted. Thus weighting~were added to the keywords of each profile to produce the required relationships. Abstracts for input to the system are prepared on specially designed forms al- lowing for author, title, reference, a 500 character abstract and provision for up to twenty keywords. Batches are input on a weekly basis and run against the profiles held in the computer. Where matches occur, a print-out is made of all items that match a user's profile, under that user's name and address. This print- out is taken from the line printer to folding and inserting machines where each sheet is folded so that when it is inserted in a window envelope the user's A controlled language system was name and address appear in the window. decided upon as more economical on Reply cards are added to the envelopes computer time; this necessitated the pro- so that users can request copies of items duction of a suitable thesaurus. Exam- notified or comment on the efficiency of ination of several hundred abstracts pre- the service. This print-out is then mailed viously issued in the abstract bulletin directly to customers. For internal use resulted in the basic compilation, but we receive a weekly reference print-out many additional keywords were included in subject order, but a monthly cumula- after consulting the Engineers' Joint tion arranged under broad subject head- Council Thesaurus of Scientific and ings is also produced by the computer Teclmical Terms and the American So- and this is used to produce a monthly ciety for Metals Thesaurus of Metal- abstract bulletin. Abstracts are coded lurgical Terms. The thesaurus has a before input so that re-arrangement un- strong hierarchial structure and now con- der subject headings can take place. sists of about 3,000 terms. The feedback we receive is indicative With users scattered world-wide, pro- of the success of the system. About 80% file compilation is from written state- of all items put into the system are either ments of subject interests. Direct discus- requested or are reported by users as be- sion with a user is preferal~le,but in ing of interest. We think that this high practice the written statement has usu- figure indicates that we are too selective ally served as a very good basis for in- with the material we put in and that our terpreting the act~~alinformation needs coverage could be extended. -Problems of the user. These natural language arise in meeting the demands on the statements are dissected into individual back-up service wllich are normally met concepts and translated into the appro- by the provision of photocopies, and it priate keywords using the thesaurus, has been necessary to make new admin- adding new terms as necessary. Logical istrative arrangements for this. purpose. statements using these keywords are com- Storage of the input and its use for in- piled for each natural language phrase. formation retrieval seemed the next logi- The limitations of the computer con- cal step, but it is one we have so far re- figuration and the need to minimise the frained from taking. We examined the use of computer time led us to consider pattern of our reference and enquiry de- a system of term weighting for the mand and found that much of it could matching process. A modification of the be satisfied more quickly and easily by synthetic Boolean logic system devel- conventional methods. Much of it was in subject fields completely new to our organisation and would not have been covered by our usual input. The limited use that we anticipated would not justify the additional expense of storage and it was decided to restrict the service to SDI. If the pattern of demand should change, then we would have a matching system which should work as well for retrieval purposes as it does for SDI.

Literature Cited 1. Brandhorst, W. 7'. / Simulation of Boo- lean Logic Constraints Through the Use Mr. Goom is chief infol-mation ofjicer, of Term Weights. American Documenta- GKN Group Technological Centre, tation 17 (no.3): p.145-6 (Jul 1966). IVoluerhnmpton, England. Presented at a luncheon of the International Rela- Keceiued for reuiew Aug 23,1971. illanu- lions Comn~illeeon Jun 9, 1971, during script accepted for publication Oct 20, SLA's 62nd Annual Conference in San 1971. F~ancisco. ska news

Actions of the Board of Directors Oct 7-9, 197 1

The Board of Directors held its Fall Meet- 1972 Boston Conference-Registration fees ing Oct 7-9, 1971 at the Gramercy Park for the Conference were set at: ~otelin New York City. Board members as- Members sembled Wednesday evening, Oct 6, to hold Pre-Registration $30.00 a free-form discussion session concerning ma- At Conference 40.00 jor goals and priorities of the Association. It Daily Fee 20.00 is expected that such a meeting will again be held before the Midwinter Meeting. Non-Members The Board visited the Association's New At Conference York Offices to familiarize themselves with Daily Fee headquarters operations and to meet members of the staff. Ann Firelli, manager of the The Conference will be at the Statler Hilton Membership Department, Mrs. Janet Bailey, Hotel, Boston, Mass., Jun 4-8, 1972. editor of Special Libraries, Frederick Raum, supervisor of the Order Department, and Research Committee-Dr. Martha lane K. Ronald Mather, accountant, reported to the Zachert, chairman of the Research commit- Board on the current status of their depart- tee, presented a proposal Eor a cooperative ments. project with ERIC/CLIS to produce state-of- the-art reviews of various areas of research General Fund Budget-The Board approved activity in library and information science. the General Fund Budget for FY1972 (page The Board approved the proposal and budget 540). to produce up to three such reviews in FY1972. In exchange for the right to main- Chapter and Division Allotments-The Board tain the reviews in microform within the approved allotments to be paid at the same ERIC system, ERIC/CLIS will contribute rate as last year. However, as a result of sug- toward the cost of the review, primarily in gestions of some Chapter and Division offi- monitoring, control, bibliographic support, cers after the defeat of the proposal to raise and partial payment of an honorarium to the Student Member dues from $5 to $10 at the author. SLA will maintain all rights to use San Francisco Conference, the CLO and and publish the reviews in hard copy format. DL0 surveyed all Chapter presidents and Division chairmen as to their willingness to DLO-Bess Walford, Division Liaison Offi- waive allotments for Student Members. Of cer, recommended that the Board approve 35 responding Chapters, 32 agreed; of 15 re- the concept of the Chemistry Division ap- sponding Divisions, 14 agreed to waive allot- pointing a liaison representative with the ments for Student Members. Therefore, Division of Chemical Literature, American Chapter allotments of $3.00 per member per Chemical Society. The Board also approved year and Division Allotments of $2.00 per Miss Walford's recommendation that en- member per year will he paid by the Associ- couragement be given to the Sci-Tech Divi- ation in 1972 for all member categories ex- sion to pursue further the proposed liaison cept Student Members. Allotment payments with the American Mathematical Society. for 1972, based on the Dec 31, 1971 membership count, will be mailed about mid-Febru- Chapter and Division Finances-The CLO ary. The year-end count is always the highest requested that the Board provide a policy membership count for the entire year. regarding Chapter reimbursement of travel General Fund Budget (Summary) Jan 1-Dec 31,1972

Dues & Fees $233,800 Less Allotments paid to Chapters and Divisions (39,900)

Net Dues & Fees $1 93,900 lncome Expenses Net Dues & Fees Salaries & Wages Periodical Programs Employee Benefits & Payroll Taxes Special Libraries Program (Net) (800) Office Services Scientific Meetings Program Occupancy Costs (Net) 3,300 Professional Fees & Services Technical Book Review Index 6,300 Travel - Member Services Program (Net) Public Relations Conference Program (Net) Research Committee Continuing Education Seminars (Net) Oral History Interviews Non-Serial Publications Fund* Bank Charges Equipment Reserve Fund* Miscellaneous Interest lncome Contingency for Tax on Advertising Miscellaneous l ncorne for FY 1969/70, 1971, 1972

Income for General Fund Less Reduction of Costs for Overhead Expenses of General Fund of Funds and Programs

Anticipated Excess lncome Over Expenses Expenses of General Fund * An upper limit is defined for the NSP fund ($25,000) and for the Equipment Reserve Fund ($10,000). When these limits are exceeded, the excess is transferred to the General Fund.

expenses for Chapter officers, primarily to U.S. and Canada at the salaries stated by the Conferences. The Board, therefore, approved advertiser. a motion amending the current Association Travel and Expense Policy to include the H. W. Wilson Company Award-Because of statement that any travel funds for members minimal participation in the H. W. Wilson of Association units must have prior approval Co. Chapter Award competition, the Board of tlle unit's-appropriate governing body. had dissolved that Committee, at its own re- In the past there has been some question quest, in June. At that time, no provision regarding the finances of Groups within was made for the award that is donated by Chapters and Sections within Divisions. The The H. W. Wilson Company. The Board Board stipulated that the monies of all sub- approved a recommendation that an annual units of the Association be reported in the award be established to be presented to the financial statements of the parent units. author of the best paper published in Special The CLO is to bring a recommendation to Libraries each year. President Gonzalez will the Midwinter Meeting concerning the ques- appoint a Special Committee to formulate tion of limits on total unit and subunit as- guidelines for such an award. The Commit- sets. tee is to report at the Midwinter 1972 meeting. Placement Policy Committee-At the June Board meeting in San Francisco, the mini- Student Groups-Dr. Lucille Whalen, Stu- mum salary offered in "Positions Open" ads dent elations Officer, presented a progress in Special Libraries was increased to $9,000 report on the establishment of Student per year. The Committee was asked to study Groups. Of 38 library schools responding to the fact that salary ranges in Canada are her communication, only one school de- generally lower than those in the U.S. As a clined to participate. Simmons has already result, the Committee recommended that the organized a Student Group. The Board passed $9,000 minimum apply only to U.S. salaries a motion acknowledging and congratulating and that the minimum salary for Canadian the Simmons-SLA Student Group for being positions be $8,500. The Board approved the the first Student Group to be organized. The recommendation. Special Libraries will con- Board has allotted $25.00 to be paid to each tinue to accept ads for positions outside the new Student Group. 540 SLAIASIS Relations-President Gonzalez an- Membership Committee-Alberta Berton, nounced that he had appointed Ellis Mount chairman of the Membership Committee, re- to be SLA's Special Representative to ASIS ported on the Membership Drive now under for 1971172. As with all SLA Special Repre- way. Chapters will be receiving further de- sentatives, it will be Mr. Mount's task to ex- tails from the committee. plore means of cooperation between the two associations. William S. Budington was an- Committee on Committees-The Board ap- nounced as the ASIS liaison representative to proved a number of Committee recommen- SLA. dations. Since the San Francisco Conference in The definitions of Chapter Liaison Officer June, President Gonzalez has had discussions and Division Liaison Officer were corrected with Robert Kyle, president of ASIS, to de- to make them consistent with each other. termine areas of mutual interest and cooper- As a result of a request from the Confer- ation. ence Advisory Committee in June, the Com- A Special Committee of the Board met to mittee was redefined to change its composi- prepare a list of suggested areas of cooperation to include the penultimate (past past) tion for Mr. Mount to explore. It was em- Conference Chairman rather than a member phasized that these were non-binding and of the past Conference Chairman's Chapter. non-limiting suggestions. The recommenda- The Placement Policy Committee was re- tions approved by the Board and passed on named the Employment Policy Committee to to Mr. Mount were as follows: seek out and more accurately reflect its activities. The document those relationships which already Committee's redefinition includes the charge exist on a local level; review ASIS activities to work with the Employment Committees in view of SLA interests and vice versa; in- of Association units and to recommend poli- vestigate possibilities of joint conferences cies and practices for the Employment Clear- and/br joint programs at- the two present inghouse at Conferences. conferences; explore the possibility of joint By Board action in June, the Public Re- sponsorship of continuing education semi- lations Committee had been discontinued nars; investigate the possibility of publica- and the position of Public Relations Officer tions and/or a newsletter to coordinate joint established. A definition for the P.R.O. was activities which exist. approved.

Ferguson Communications Awards Committee

President Gonzalez has appointed Mrs. years. The first award is to be presented dur- Lucille Gordon, Institute of Life Insurance, ing the 1972 Annual Conference. The dead- New York, chairman of the Ferguson Com- line date for submitting material to Head- munications Awards Committee. quarters is Feb 15, 1972. The guidelines for The Board had approved the Insurance the award appear in the September 1971 is- Division's proposal to establish such an sue of Special Libraries, p.375-377. award for a probationary period of two CHAPTERS & DIVISIONS

Cleveland-The Chapter held a seminar Oct cal Information Center, spoke on "Selective 30 on audio-visual and microform technol- Dissemination of Information from Govern- ogy. The problems, achievements and future ment Document Centers." of the latest equipment and processes were featured. Pacific Northwest-At the Chapter's Nov 6 luncheon meeting, Grieg Aspnes spoke on Geography and Map Group, Military Group, "The Great Future of the Special Librarian." Science and Technology Group, Washington, D.C.-A joint meeting was held Nov 9. Fa- Philadelphia-A dinner meeting Nov 10 fea- rouk El-Baz, Supervisor of Lunar Science tured "Community ServicesThe involve- Planning, Lunar Exploration Dept. of Bell- ment of industry, university and library in comm, who is on loan to NASA, described community problems." Speakers were Robert the exploration of the moon, specifically the Luce (Model Cities Community Information Apollo 15 mission. Center, Philadelphia), Silvia Watson (Office of Community and Cultural Affairs, Paley Heart of America-The Chapter met Nov 18 Library, Temple University), and Jerome at Shawnee-Mission School District Offices to Weinstein (director, Camden Housing Im- observe Ellen Miller operating an on-line provement Project). cataloging system utilizing an IBM 360 computer. Princeton-Trenton-The Chapter cospon- sored a regional conference on the document Michigan-The Chapter met Nov 17 to hear and bibliographic services available from sev- James L. Limbacher, audio-visual librarian eral research agencies. The meeting, jointly of the Dearborn Public Library System, dis- sponsored with the DDC Regional Users, was cuss the "History of Audio-visual Materials." held Nov 3. Alan Cook, assistant librarian on the Forrestal Campus of Princeton Uni- Military Librarians-The Division cospon- versity, discussed the services of DDC, NTIS, sored, with the U.S. Air Force, the 15th Mili- NASA and AIAA. A panel discussion fol- tary Librarian's Workshop Oct 4-6 in San lowed. Antonio. John Cook was chairman for the meeting which was a "Management Seminar" Rio Grande-Plans for the Chapter year infor Department of Defense librarians. clude the Chapter's annual meeting in con- junction with the New Mexico Library As- Minnesota-Dr. John S. Hoyt, Jr., professor sociation Annual Conference Apr 27-28 in and program leader for special projects, De- Albuquerque. The 4th Joint Coiloquium of velopment & Coordination, University of the Colorado and Rio Grande Chapters will Minnesota, discussed "Using the 1970 Census be held in May. Tapes for Housing and Population Through MAPS (Minnesota Analysis and Planning Southern California-In cooperation with System)," at the Nov 17 Chapter meeting. the Sci/Tech Division the Chapter held a "Mini Map Seminar" Nov 30 at Millikan Li- New Jersey-"SD17Experiences and Oppor- brary, California Institute of Technology, tunities" was the topic of the Chapter's Nov Pasadena. After dinner, guest speaker Ron- 16 meeting. A panel discussed various aspects ald Toms (Jet Propulsion Laboratories Ad- of SDI in the afternoon. After dinner, Peter vanced Missions Office) reported on the Mar- Urback, Deputy Director, National Techni- iner Mars '71. dents at Simmons College School oE Library First SLA Student Group Science and Student Members of the Boston Chapter. This pioneering effort was made possible SLA is pleased to welcome the Simmons by the generosity of the Boston Chapter SLA Student Group as the first Student membership under the leadership of Richard Group to have been formed under proposals S. Huleatt, Chapter president, and because adopted by the Special Libraries Association of the interest in special libraries of the stu- Board of Directors at the San Francisco Con- dent members. The new Student Group is ference in June 1971. With Professor James supported, in part, by a grant from the Bos- M. Rlatarazzo as Faculty Advisor, the new ton Chapter given in honor of Paul W. Riley, Simmons-SLA Student Group has attracted recently deceased member and past president twenty-six members who are graduate stu- of the Chapter.

MEMBERS IN THE NEWS

Kay Barkley presented a paper on "The Devel- opment of a Medical History Display-History of Cardiovascular Sound as a Means of Diag- nosis" at the meeting of the Ohio Academy of Medical History, held at the University of Louis- ville as part of the dedication of the new Health Center.

Mary T. Brady . . . appointed head, telephone reference service, New York Public Library's Mid-Manhattan Library.

Jane Braucher, librarian, Department of Trans- portation . . . attended Paris Air Show and visited the Documentation Center, European Coun- cil of Transportation Ministers, May 1971 . . . also taught legal research, summer session, Grad- referral system. It is anticipated that the library uate School Department of Agriculture. will eventually have a union catalog of major US. collections of broadcasting archives. Miss Kirk Caheen, Engineering Societies Library . . . Heinz recently became the first woman member is president 1971172, New York Library Club. of the National Broadcasters Club in Washing- ton. Roza Ekimov, geology librarian, Exploration Li- brary, Humble Oil & Refining Company, Los Mrs. Gladys E. Hine . . . received "Woman of Angeles, was featured in the Humble Hesperian, the Year Award" of the Alton Business and Pro- Aug 1971. fessional Women's Club at the club's annual recognition luncheon. Earl C. Graham, librarian and editor-in-chief. National Easter Seal Society . . . named director Grace Horton, special projects librarian, Martin of education and information services for the P. Catherwood Library, N.Y. State School of In- Society. dustrial and Labor Relations . . . retired Jul 1971 after 24 years with the library. Catherine Heinz, previously at the Television Information Office, New York . . . named direc- Martin Konecnik, formerly head of systems oper- tor of the new Broadcast Pioneers Library, ations, Pennsylvania State University Libraries Washington, D.C. The library is devoted to in- . . . appointed chief, Library Data Processing formation on the history of broadcasting and Division, Case Western Reserve University Li- is operated with an automatic reference and braries. Charles 0. Olsen . . . represented the Interna- Charles K. Schultz resigned as librarian, G. W. tional Monetary fund and the World Bank at Blunt White Library of the Marine Historical the third session of the International Advisory Association. Inc., Mystic, Conn. . . . to accept Committee on Documentation, Libraries and position of University Archivist at Texas AkM Archives, UNESCO, Paris, Oct 13-16, 1971. University, College Station, Texas.

Mary Quint, Director of Library Careers in Syra- Mrs. Marguerite C. Soroka, Engineering Societies cuse, N.Y. . . . received the 1971 Halsey W. Library . . . is secretary-treasurer, Resources and Wilson Recruitment Award at ALA's annual Technical Services Section, New York Library conference in Dallas. Association.

Mrs. Eleanor Radwan . . . appointed head, gen- James M. Turner, Jr. . . . appointed executive eral reference service, Mid-Manhattan Library, secretary, Central New York Reference k Re- New York Public Library. sources Council.

Helen Redman . . . appointed to the American Mrs. Ruth M. Wender . . . served on panel on National Standards Institute (ANSI) %-39 Sub- "The Hospital Library in Perspective" at 21st committee on Report Numbers (report series Annual Meeting of Southern Regional Group, codes) whose goal is to develop a standard for Medical Library Association, Sep 30-0ct 2 in technical report numbers. Nashville, Tenn.

SLA Authors

Daniells, Lorna M., comp. Business Reference tion Service, Springfield, Va. 22151. $3.00 hc; Sources, Boston, Mass., Baker Library, Graduate $0.95 mf. School of Business Administration, Harvard Univ., 1971. 108p. pap. $3.00. Kortendick, James J. and Elizabeth W. Stone, Job Dimensions and Educational Needs in Li- brarinnship, Chicago, American Library Associa- Freeman, Elsa S., etl. Progress in Scientific and tion, 1971. 510p. $14.00. Teclfnical Co~~t~~~zl?licntions.1970 Annual Re- port, Committee on Scientific and Technical In- Schultz, Charles R., Bibliography of Maritime formation, Washington, D.C., Federal Council for and Naval History: Periodical Articles During Science and Technology, 1971. 155p. (COSATI 1970, Mystic, Conn., Marine Historical Associa- 71-1). Avail. from National Technical Informa- tion, Inc., 1971.

Canadian Special Libraries

"The Role of the Special Library" was a and bound periodicals number approximately feature article in the July-August 1971 issue 13 million; research reports over 2 million; of Commercial Letter of the Canadian Im- current journal subscriptions nearly 300,000. perial Bank of Commerce, Toronto. The Recognition is indeed due Jane Cooney, paper presents a history of special libraries the Bank librarian and SLA member, for and their services in Canada. her fine effort in publicizing the value Of particular interest are the holdings in of important special library services in Canadian special libraries in 1970. Books Canada. vistas

Kauai Plans for Space Age Libraries

A Kauai Conference on Interlibrary Co- and Director of the Wilcox Hospital Library; operation was held on Aug 30, 1971, at the and John Hall, Health Educator at the Kauai Regional Library, Hawaii, announced Kauai District Health Office. John Hall, Health Educator at the State Professionals from many areas were in- Health Department's Kauai District Health vited to participate in the conference, among Office and Conference Chairman. them educators, doctors, nurses, dentists, Conference discussions centered around health administrators, and the allied health three areas: 1) Formalizing a structure of professions. interlibrary cooperation among state library, Mr. Hall quoted from a statement of The school, Community College, health depart- American Association of School, State, Col- ment and other special collections. 2) De- lege, and Research Librarians to emphasize veloping a single health science library to the need and importance of the conference: serve the needs of the professional health "Changes in American education and cul- community and the integration of this li- ture, resulting in increasing and accelerating brary into the total cooperative library plan reader demands upon libraries, changes in for Kauai. 3) Proposal of a feasibility study the quantity and variety of published ma- for funding by the state of a state-wide re- terials, and developments in technological gional health science library system. applications for libraries, these plus the ris- The planning of this conference was done ing costs of materials, equipment, and serv- by the "Committee for Interlibrary Coopera- ices, have all combined to generate pressures tion." Participants included Gail Portwood, and open opportunities which must be met Acting Director of the Kauai Regional Li- in new ways. brary; Mrs. Esther Lundgren, Reference and "No one library can be self-sufficient or Adult Librarian at the Kauai Regional Li- satisfy all of the demands made upon it, brary; Mrs. Kathy Peters, Kauai Community but libraries acting together can more effec- College Librarian; Russell Sus, Director of tively satisfy user needs and provide total Multi-Media Center at Kauai High School library service."

HAVE YOU SEEN?

Flexible study carrels that are modular but non-custom can be clustered into various sizes and shapes. Some features that allow this are: no rights or lefts, no special ends, common panels between adjacent positions to eliminate panel doubling. The System 70 is available in 30", 36" and 48" position widths and has the capability for wiring in interconnecting wireways for AC, audio or video cables. For information, contact: Howe Folding Furniture, Inc., 360 Lexington Ave., N.Y. 10017. Vela-Binding is a process that is said to pro- a die cutting mecllanism, The uIlit features duce bound documents in 20 seconds or scratch-free film transport and automatically cased hard-cover books in less than 60 sec- ejects and stacks the cut microfiche. The onds. The system eliminates sewing and glu- hIodel 607-101 is available from Image sys- ing in favor of a m~hanicaldevice. The tems, Inc., 11244 Playa Ct., Culver City, equipment can be leased for a minimum calif, 90230, of $50 per month. For information: Abild- gaard Laboratories, Inc., 857 Maude Ave., Mountain View. Calif. 94040.

A portable cartridge sound movie projector with stop-motion control can convert from rear screen to front projection. It is A low-cost, low-volume copier accepts books, equipped with a two-speaker sound system. bulky originals and flat documents up to 81/2" A heat filter over the lamp prevents film dam- x 14". The Model 051 Copier can reproduce age. The use of film cartridges eliminates originals of all colors and can make trans- threading and rewinding. For information: parencies for overhead projectors. The Technicolor, Inc., 299 Kalmus Drive, Costa copier, which "is designed for all situations Mesa. Calif. 92627. where copy making previously was eco- nomically unfeasible" is manufactured by 3M Company, St. Paul, Minn. 55101. Manu- facturer's suggested retail price is $179.00. The MicroSearch Carrel was designed to overcome resistance in using microforms. Along with the MicroSearch Cart, which provides mobility, the work stations are planned A high-speed film cutter delivers forty 105 specifically for microform users. Features in- x 148.75 mm microfiche per minute, cut to clude balanced backlighting, flush-mounted precise standards within a tolerance of 0.005 indexing control, oversized desk top area, in. A photocell sensor automatically activates recessed storage area, and modular design. Systems Division, 343 State St., Rochester, Designed to accept virtually any microform N.Y. 14650. reader or readerlprinter, the model is available from Educational Information Services, Inc., 1150 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 74, Washington, D.C. 20036.

A desktop alphanumeric display terminal is designed to function as a peripheral device for Singer's System Ten business computer. The Model 80 provides the system with a high speed visual data editing capability. It is priced at $5,950 and may also be leased. A pocket-sized scanner is an illuminating For information: Friden Division, The magnifier available with a 5~ lens for $3.95 Singer Co., San Leandro, Calif. 94557. or 10~lens for $4.95. The item is 2" square, weighs 2 oz. and is in a soft vinyl carrying pouch. It is manufactured by Flex Electric Products, Inc., 40-14 24th St., Long Island City, N.Y. 11101.

The Miracode I1 System is an automated information handling system using 16mm microfilm. It is used to retrieve documents randomly filed on microfilm with machine- readable code. The code that identifies the documents, along with the filmed documents, is contained in mocrofilm magazines. The equipment is in two basic groups: 1) input A cordless rechargeable electr~ceraser has equipment to produce microfilm and coding, been announced. The PONY operates on and 2) output equipment to locate codes and nickel-cadmium batteries. Three different display the documents. A brochure (A-2014) grades of eraser inserts are supplied. For in- that describes the system is available from formation: Pierce Corp., 825 Boone Ave. Dept. DP 1033. Eastman Kodak Co., Business North, Minneapolis, Minn. 55427. HAVE YOU HEARD ? Libraries for Minorities Minority Library Consultants provides Graduate Assistantships technical assistance for libraries and school districts who are establishing programs re- The School of Library Science at the lating to Blacks, Chicanos and American In- University of North Carolina offers Graduate dians. Services available include feasibility Assistantships (annual stipend $2,600) to stu- studies, meetings with key people to deter- dents admitted to the MSLS program. Grad- mine interest, writing funding proposals, and uate Assistants are scheduled 20 hours of implementation of programs. Working with work each week in the library. Applications, the group in the Chicano areas is SLA'er which must be filed by Feb 1, may be secured Robert D. Haro, assistant university librar- from Jean Freeman, Assistant to the Dean, ian at the University of Southern California. School of Library Science, University of For information write: Eric V. A. Winston, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514 president, Minority Library Consultants, Education Directory 5947 Bois Ile Drive, Suite 51, Haslett, Mich. The Directory of Education Programs 48840. in Information Science, 1971172 is the first edition of a proposed annual series listing 91 U.S. Study for Medical Librarians graduate-level academic programs that' in- The Medical Library Association clude education in information science in the awards a six-month fellowship for study of U.S. and Canada. The Directory is available medical librarianship in the U.S. for medical from American Society for Information Sci- librarians from abroad. For information: Dr. ence, I140 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Wash- Carroll Reynolds, Chairman, MLA Commit- ington, D.C. 20036 for $4.50 members; $5.00 tee on International Cooperation, Falk Li- nonmembers. brary of the Health Professions, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213. Conservation Proceedings The Boston Athenaeum announces the Computer Librarianship publication of the proceedings of its 1971 A one-year traineeship in computer Seminar on the Conservation of Library and librarianship is available at the Washington Archival Materials. The volume is $8.00 from University School of Medicine Library, St. the Library of the Boston Athenaeum, 10% Louis, Missouri. The Traineeship will run Beacon St., Boston, Mass. 02108. Sep 1, 1972-Aug 30, 1973, and no more than four will be available. For information, write Japan Archive Dr. Estelle Brodman at the Library. A Japan Documentation Center has been established by the East Asian Institute at Columbia University, N.Y. It is a research archive of important current materials deal- ing with political, economic and social developments in Japan. The Center employs a staff in Tokyo to collect and ship materials, and another at Columbia for processing and filing. Industrial Aerodynamics Information An information service on Industrial Aerodynamics provides current awareness facilities by means of abstract cards, retrospective searching facilities by means of body- punched cards, and the capability to receive copies of original documents. The initial subscription, which includes the literature to date, is E150.00 and thereafter £50.00 per annum, plus a surcharge for overseas sib- scribers. For details: Mr. M. J. Rowat, I.A.I.S., British Hydromechanics Research Association (BHRA)-fluid engineering, Cranfield, Bed- fordshire, England. The System in Use at BHRA Information Department SPECIALLIBRARIES New Legislative Library A legislative reference library for the use of the City Council of the City of New York opened. The library contains virtually every piece of legislation enacted by the Council since 1653. The staff, headed by SLA member Eugene I. Bockman, Director of the Municipal Reference and Research Center, has spent three years assembling the materials.

Microforms in Libraries The Organization for MicroInforma- tion (OMI), focusing on user problems with microforms, has been designed by the Uni- versity of Denver. The agency, which is ex- I to r: Solomon Jacobson, Legislative Reference Librar- pected to begin operation Jan 1, 1972, will ian; Thomas I. Cuite, vice chairman and maiority operate for its member library administrators leader, N.Y. City Council; Herbert Birnbaum, Director. legal service bureau, City Council; Bockman. to collaborate in the statement of their own requirements regarding library-related microforms. An operational staff and various panels will be responsible for administering the programs and projects. Theatre Award Implications of Knowledge Authors, publishers, and members of Environment and Society in Transi- the Theatre Library Association are invited tion is the proceedings of an international to submit nominations for the Association's joint conference of the American Geographi- 1971 George Freedley Award which will be cal Society and the American Division of the presented in the spring. The award honors World Academy of Art and Sciences. The a work in the field of theatre published in conference's purpose was to express "the con- the United States. Nominations are due by cern of scientists and the public at large of Jan 15, 1972 to Louis A. Rachow, The Walter the social consequences and policy implica- Hampden Memorial Library, 16 Gramercy tions of scientific knowledge." The volume is Park, N.Y. 10003. available from the American Geographical Society, Broadway at 156th St., N.Y. 10032 COLT Proceedings for $30.00. The Coming of Age of LTAs is the title of the Proceedings of the Fourth An- Micro-Dictionary nual Meeting of the Council on Library The compact edition of the Oxford ?I * eclinology, Jun 4-6, 1970. The volume cov- English Dictionary is being published in two ers various aspects of library technical as- volumes. The type has been reduced to one- sistants and is available for $3.00 ($4.50 out- quarter the regular size and the set is equipped side U.S.A.) from COLT, Felician College with a magnifier which permits reading at Library, 3800 Peterson Ave., Chicago, Ill. regular size. For information, write: Readex 60645. hlicroprint Corp., 5 Union Square, New York, N.Y. 10003. Library News Hotline "LJ/SLJ Hotline" is a weekly news- Bio-Medical Traineeships letter covering late breaking news and de- A 13-month program is offered at the velopments in the library world. Slated to Graduate School of Library Science, Univer- begin publication in r an bar^, it is expected sity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, leading to provide news within three or four days of to an MS and work as a bio-medical librar- the actual event. A single subscription is $50 ian. The next program is June 1972-July per year. Order from LJ/SLJ Hotline, R. R. 1973. Tuition and fees are waived for the 10 Bowker Co., 1180 Ave. of the Americas, New trainees annually and a stipend and de- York, N.Y. 10036. The collect telephone pendency allowance are provided. Professor number to call to report news items is 212/ F.W. Lancaster is in charge of the program. 581-8800. Engineering Journal Errata hlirlzuest Engineer is the official publi- .i credit line was omitted from Bill M. cation of the \.Vestern Society of C'11 g' ~neers, Woods' review (SL, MaylJun, $56) of Map and carries society news as well as articles of Colleclions in the United Stales and Canada: interest to all types of engineers. The maga- A Directory. 2d ed. The credit line should ~ineis published Oct-Jun and is available read: to any organization for $6.00 per year. Order Reprinted in part from Bulletin of Geography from Midwest Engineer, 314 S. Federal St., and Map Division, SL.A (no.83): p.63-64 (Mar Chicago, Ill. 60604. 1971).

Order information for ERICICLIS documents (SL, Nov 1971, p.501) should be: Unless otherwise specified, documents may be NAL Resources More Accessible ordered in either microfiche (MI.') or hard copy (HC) from: ERIC Document Reproduc- The National Agricultural Library, tion Service, LEASCO Information Products, Beltsville, hIaryland, has installed a Code-a- Inc., Post Office Drawer 0, Bethcsda, Mary- Phone system which, during daylight hours, land 20014. will automatically record a message when the 7. Ostlers must include ED number anti specifi- Ielephone Irlquiry lines are busy. The cation of format desired. Thesc is no han- phone number at NAL is 3011345-6200. dling charge, but payment must accompany orders totaling less than $10.00. Book rate or library rate postage is included in the prices. Ortles blanks containing further information may be obtained from LEASCO Information Products.

Welsh Library

The library media resource centre of the College of Librarianship, Wales, is said to be the first library building in Britain to be designed specifically for librarians. Access to the various core collections is eased by a minimum of barriers. Specific areas are assigned to Welsh studies, children's literature, and a model reference collection. There are demonstration areas for such activities as library planning and practical cataloging. The concept behind the library is that it serve at the same time as a study library, a teaching library (with a program of seminars) and a demonstration library to visitors. The library includes housing for 50,000 volumes, library staff will cooperate with the teaching display for 500 periodicals and seating for staff in devising new methods and programs. 150 readers. The collections include such There are also plans to connect the library related topics as printing and publishing, with the other buildings by closed circuit communication and education in addition to television and studio systems. librarianship, information science and bib- Covering 21,000 sq. ft. on two floors, the liography. M. I. S. INDUSTRY REPORTS SUBSCRIPTIONS TO ALL Elastomers and Rubber Chemicals $95 Synthetic Resin Coatings $75 MAGAZINES Synthetic Resin Adhesives $75 Plastics Packaging and Containers $75 Chrome Plated Plastics $75 One Purchase Order is all that is re- Plastics vs. Metals $75 quired for all of your periodical re- Automotive Trends in the 1970's $95 Automation in Plastics Fabrication $75 quirements, Domestic and Foreign. Food Additives $95 Pharmaceuticals in the 1970's $95 Catalysts World Report $295 Our 73 years of 'KNOW HOW' is your Polyolefins: World Report $295 assurance of prompt, accurate and 10% deduction for prepayment personal attention. For additional data and to purchase reports write to: Margolis Industrial Services For further information phone 212- 634 Wood Street 882-1234 or write. Mamaroneck, New York 10543 to order, cut out this form and mail to M. I. S. Gentlemen: Please send us copies of the CROWLEY INC. Library Division reports circled above. -enclosed is our check, allow- 330 East 204th St. ing a 10% deduction. -please bill us. Bronx, N.Y. 10467 Name Company or Organization Address Introduce your readers to 3,000 leaders of the world of British finance! WHO'S WHO IN BRITISH FINANCE Ready January. 6" x 9". 700 pages. $35.00 net pp.

Here is an unprecedented biographical direc- Plus: a comprehensive listing of all professional tory of value to anyone seeking information bodies with influence in the financial world; a about the personal and professional lives of the Contemporary Profiles section highlighting six over 3,000 people who comprise one of the "men of the year"; indexes with listings under world's most influential economic groups! employment category and company category. Finance executives, directors in 1,000 top Published by Gower Press Ltd., London. Dis- U.K. companies lnvestment managers in tributed in U.S. and Canada by R. R. Bowker insurance, pension funds, unit trusts De- Companyl~XEROX EDUCATION COMPANY. partment heads in major clearing banks, mer- chant banks, finance houses Stock brokers, jobbers Managers of specialized financial services 0 Financial oficials in local and central government Financial academics, writers, journalists And more. I Sendcopies of WHO'S WHO IN i BRITISH FINANCE. $35.00 net postpaid. Arranged alphabetically, biographies contain I ISBN 0-7161-0075-4. ! name, profession, position, company address, I I positions held concurrently, public service com- I NAME mittments, positions held and dates, education, I honors received, publications, memberships in I ADDRESS I clubs and organizations, date of birth, marital I status, children, home address. I CITY/STATE/ZIP DECEMBER197 1 55 1 Coming in early 1972 . . . Bricker's THE ONLY BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE VOLUME OF LEADING ADVERTISING Directory EXECUTIVES r Concise professional and personal OF UNIVERSITY-SPONSORED sketches of U.S. and Canadian advertising executives EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS Alphabetically arranged with cross- 1972 EDITION reference index by companies Special sections on the Advertising A newly revised and completely up-to- Hall of Fame and The Advertising date edition of the first and only objective Council guide to all fifty in-residence management 411 handsomely bound and easy to use development programs sponsored by lead- . . . an indispensable daily reference ing U.S. and Canadian centers of learning. volume for Special Libraries. "A competent work, written in clear ORDER NOW language, with all necessary supple- Special Library Price $24.50 mentary indexing." (Plus $1.25 postage & handling) American Reference Books Annual - -

Price: $45.00 LC 73-110249 P.O. Box 556. Rye, N.Y. 10580 GEORGE W. BRICKER in P. 0. Box 265 South Chatham, Mass. 02659 sing

L the torget-you-not subscription

Here's neat, low-cost, attractive storage for library periodicals. other difficult" rnater- That's just another name ials such as newspapers, cassettes, transparencies. Shelf-Files promote order to for our popular "till forbidden" save filing and finding ttrne: make more service - automatic annual re- efficient use of shelf space. Many styles. newal of your subscriptions. sizes. See them in our new catalog. F. W. Faxon is the only fully automated library subscription agency catalog in the world, and now you can put of library our IBM 360/40 computer to work supplies and for you - to assure the prompt, equipment accurate, efficient handling of your subscriptions. Over 5.000 interesting ,library Send for our descriptive Items In one brochure and annual librarians' big, colorful, complete catalog. guide. Select from 29 different book Library business is our only trucks, 27 library business - since 1886 tapes, 8 styles of shelf-files. book returns, wood or card cabinets, sel F. W. mxon co.,Inc. pockets, paperbacks. etc., etc. Your funds 15 Southwest Park can buy more ~f you have a copy. Westwood, Massachusetts 02090 WRITE: THE HIGHSMITH COMPANY, INC. Telephone: 61 7-329-3350 Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin 53538 PLACEMENT POSITIONS WANTED

Dir. Foundation Libr. Research Center & Mu- "Positions Open" and "Positions Wanted" ads are seum-10 yrs. exp. in development, administra- $1.50 per line; $4.50 minimum. Current members of tion; upgraded, selected, researched, classified SLA may place a "Positions Wanted" ad at a special materials; prepared interntl. exhibits. Desires rate of $1.00 per line; $3.00 minimum. business-related affiliation in NYC. Box C-173.

In each membership year, each unemployed member Librarian-MLS, 16 years' experience, humani- will be allowed a maximum of two free "Positions ties & soc. sciences background, expert cataloger Wanted" ads, each ad to be limited to 5 lines in- (LC & Dewey), French, German, Spanish, super- cluding mailing address (no blind box addresses), on visory exper. versatile; wants position in college, a space available basis. university, special library or public library system, Boston area. Box C-178. There is o minimum charge of $10.00 for a "Morket Place" ad of three lines or less; each additional line is $3.00. There are approximately 45 characters and Librarian-MLS, female, 15 yrs. varied experience anxious to continue work with FAMULUS spaces to a line. or similar software. Any position offering work with computerized library systems considered. Copy for display ads must be received by the first Replies by air mail please to: Miss Mary E. Gray, of the month preceding the month of publication; copy Paget East, Bermuda. for line ads must be received by the tenth.

Classified ads will not be accepted on a "run until Reference Librarian-Soen years' experience in cancelled" basis; twelve months is the maximum, un. Nursing School libraries; seeks a position as as- less renewed. sistant librarian in a paramedical library. Edu- cational antl experience background furnished on request. Prefer work in the central or mid- Special Libraries Association reserves the right to re- western. states. Request information from Miss ject any advertisements which in any way refer to Nylah Portlock, 7320 Jefferson, Kansas City, Mo. race, creed, color, age, or sex as conditions for em- 64114. ployment.

Librarian-Exp. in most types libraries in cat., ref. & admin.: also rare books, mss., local history k genealogy. MSLS & MA history & MA fine arts. Available Jan 1972. R. B. Clark, 4201 S. 31st TECHNICAL REFERENCE St. #545, Arlington, Va. 22206. LIBRARIAN POSITIONS OPEN Bell Laboratories has a library network whereby resou!ces of each of the twenty-six part~c~pantsare ava~l- able to every employee. The technical reference librarian uses the network Head Librarian-MIS, some administrative ex- by communicating with the scientists perience in a community or technical college and engineers to determ~neinforma- highly desirable; some knowledge of instruction needs and then search~ng to match needs and material. tional antl comn~unications media; flexibility and ability to adapt to technical education and RESPONSIBILITIES: Provide twhnical educational innovation: technically oriented per- information and literature searching service son preferred. Salary, $12,600-$16,700. Open July to 2000 scientists and 1972. Apply: E. H. Sessions, Director, Chat- engineers tanooga State Technical Institute, 4501 Amni- REQUIREMENTS: BS-Science or Engineer- cola Highway, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37406. ing MS-Library or lnfbrmation Science LOCATION: Holmdel, New Jersey Assistant Librarian-Prefer MLS grad with background in sciencelengineering, interest in tlocu- SALARY: Depending on qualifica- ments and serials; salary range up to approx. tions and experience. $11,000: good status antl fringe benefits. Send rksumi. to Mrs. L. B. Peck, Librarian, Montana If interested and qualified, contact College of Mineral Science and Technology, C. B. Connell, Jr., Room 30-246 Butte, Montana 59701.

@ Bell Laboratories Area Reference Resource Librarian-With at least two years business reference experience. Mountain Ave--Murray Hill, N.J. 07974 Salary $1,2,000.00. Vacation 18 working days. An equal opportunity employer, mlf. Reply to Box C-177. POSITIONS OPEN CORPORATE LIBRARIAN Cataloger-Southern Illinois University's new School of Medicine Library, Springfield, Ill. Professional opportunity for an experienced Faculty status, salary $9,000 up. NLM and LC classification necessary. Write to: Ann Howard, librarian to plan, develop and manage a Medical Librarian, Southern Illinois University corporate library, incl. engineering, legal School of Medicine Library, 421. S. 6th St., Springfield, Ill. 62701. and financial areas, located in new general office complex. The position is with a rapidly

growing power company serving the Gulf

THE MARKET PLACE Coast and Central area of Fla. Master's in

Library Science required, 3 to 5 years' mini- Quick Translations-French, German translated into English by technically trained personnel. mum experience in a special library. Electric Efficient, confidential, accurate work. Quick- utility preferred; however, scientific or legal Trans, 11197 Clinton St., Elma, N.Y. 14059. Tel. (716) 684-7168. library would be acceptable.

Foreign Books and PeriodicalsSpecialty: Inter- Salary: $9,000-1 1,000 annual. Send detailed national Congresses. Albert J. Phiebig Inc., Box 352, White Plains, New York 10602. resume to M. R. McCain, Florida Power Cor- poration, P.O. Box 14042, St. Petersburg, Back Issue Periodicals-Scientific, Technical, Medical and Liberal Arts. Please submit want Fla. 33733. lists and lists of materials for sale or exchange. Prompt replies assured. G. H. Arrow Co., 4th An Equal Opportunity Employer & Brown Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 19123.

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS BioSciences Information Service .... 8~ R. R. Bowker Company ...... 74551 George W. Bricker ...... 552 Happiness is British Medical Journal ...... 10~ Bro-Dart, Inc...... 8~ Crowley, Inc...... 551 a regular F. W. Faxon Co., Inc...... 552 Gale Research Company ...... Cover IV Gaylord Bros., Inc...... 6~ paycheck. The Highsmith Company, Inc. .... 552 Institute for Scientific Information ...... Cover I1 The John Marshall ...... 9~ Margolis Industrial Services ...... 551 The New York Times ...... l~,5~ Princeton Microfilm Corporation ...... Cover 111 Science Associates/International, Inc...... ZA The Vermont Printing Company ... 552 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Index

Volume 62 Jan-Dec 1971

January ...... l-62 July-August ...... 257-334 February ...... 63-116 September ...... 335-404 March ...... ,117-166 October ...... ,405-456 April ...... 167-214 November ...... 457-502 May-June ...... ,215256 December ...... ,503-580

n indicates a news item

Allard, M. Kay et al., An AV Workshop Ap- proach to Teaching the Use of CA Indexes, AAAS. See American Association for the Ad- 435 vancement of Science Allen, Eleanor, n 445 AFIPS. See American Federation for Informa- Allen, John C., Commercial Clearinghouse for tion Processing Societies the Business Community: A Suggestion, 185 ALA. See American Library Association Alter, Forrest H., 205, n 443 ANSI. See American National Standards Institute American Association for the Advancement of ASIS. See American Society for Information Sci- Science. Report of SLA Special Representative, ence 396 An AV Workshop Approach to Teaching the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy- Use of CA Indexes, M. Kay Allard et al., 435 Conference of Teachers: Section of Librarians. .kcessibility, Browsing, and a Systematic Ap- Report of SLA Special Representative, 396 proach to Acquisitions in a Chemical Research Company Library, James H. Schwartz, 143 American Federation for Information Processing Societies, n 453 Acquisition of U.S. Patents Pending, Denny M. Danese, 490 American Geographical Society, n 549 Acquisitions. State Manual Procurement Guide, American Library Association. Library Technol- Frederick G. Cook, 88; Accessibility, Browsing, ogy Program. Advisory Committee, Report of and a Systematic Approach to Acquisitions in SLA Special Representative, 397: see also LTP a Chemical Research Company Library, James Reports to SLA H. Schwartz, 143; n 212; Book Budget Alloca- American Library Association Salary Survey, 251 tion: Subjective or Objective Approach, Bette American National Standards Institute. ANSI Dillehay, 509; see also Patents, Selection Standard Approved, Ellis Mount, 378 Adkinson, Burton W., n 160 American National Standards Institute Sectional Administration. See Management Committee on Library Work and Documenta- Advertising. Standards for, 378 tion 2-39, Report of SLA Special Representa- Advisory Council. See SLA Advisory Council tive, 397 An African Experience: The Role of a Special- American National Standards Institute Sectional ized Library in a War Situation, Joseph C. Committee on Photographic Reproduction of Anafulu, 32 Documents, PH5. Report of SLA Special Rep- Agricultural Information, n 453 resentative, 397 Aguirre, George, Materials Selection Policy: American National Standards Institute Sectional Standard Oil Company (N.J.) Refercnce Li- Committee on Standardization of Library Sup- brary Service, 447 plies and Equipment, Z-85. Report of SLA Air Library .4ward, n 253 Special Representative, 398 Air Pollution Information System: Increasing American Society for Information Science, 3i2 Usability Through Automation, Fred Renner American Society for Information Science/Spe- et a]., 421 cia1 Libraries Association Merger. Dorcas H. Alabama Chapter, n 199, n 245, n 494 Cheavens (letter), 13A (Feb); Straw vote, 106; Alcan Jamaica Ltd. Technical Information Cen- Discussions, 300; Board of Directors' State- tre. Clientele Relations Programs in a Techni- ment, 301; Special SLA Board Meeting, 302; cal Information Centre, Carlos I. H. Nelson. Error in Library Journal Report, Efren Gon- 147 zalez, 302; Herbert S. White (letter), 369; Wal- INDEX

ter A. lice (letter), 369; Grieg Aspnes (letter), Uecker, Joseph, Trends in Library Technology, 370; Efren W. Gonralez (letter), 3il; ASIS 429; see alm Hayes, Robert M. Council Motion, 352; Loytl Rathbun (letter), Belly, Robert H., Jr., 11 160 373; Mark Baer (letter), 373; Marian Wickline Bersagel, L'irginia M., ohit. lG2 (letter), 374; Gwendolyn hIachIurray (letter), Besa~~t,Larry S., 11 160 374; Eugene D. Ruskin (letter), 11A (Oct); Biafran Directorate for Propaganda Library. An SLAIASIS Relations, 541 African Experience: The Role of a Specialized American Telephone and Telegraph Library, 71 Iibrary in a War Situation, Joseph C. Ana- 62 fulu, 32 Anafulu, Joseph C., An African Experience: The Binding. The Role of the Librarian in the Bind- Role of a Specialized 1,ibrary in a It'ar Situ- ing Process, Matt Roberts, 413; n 451; hlachine- ation, 32 Assisted Serials Control: Bindery Preparation Anderson, Albert G., Jr., rl 246 and Claims Control, W. A. 1Vilkinson and Anderson, Frank J., n 248 1.oretta A. Stock, 529; 11 546 Anderson, Isabelle T.. n 443 Biograplriral Director): of Librarians in the Annan, Gertrude L., Ir 443 United States and Cor~ntlu,71 61 .4rchives Committee Repol-t, 383 Uioreseai-ch Index, n 451 Art. Shaker 'Spirit' Drawings, .\nn h'ovotny, 1Gi; Bishop, Olga B., n 444 The Use of Art Reference Sources in Museum Black Librarians. A Special Librarian by Design, Libraries, John C. Larsen, 481; see crlso Pic- L'ivian Davidson Hewitt, 71; see also Vivian ture Collections 1). Hewitt (letter), 14A (May lJun) Asheini, Lester E., n 246 Blair, Keith G., Advisory Council Report 19iOl71, Aspnes, Grieg, Merger Discussion Echoes (letter), 295 350; 71 542 Bloomfield, Masse, Ebaluation of Indexing: 4. A Association of American Publishers-SLA Joint Review of the Cranfield Experiments, 24; 5. Committee Report, 396 Discussion and Summary, 94; Reaching for the Atkins, Hanna, n 160 Stars: Goals for the Library Profession, 265; August, Sidney, n 160 see also Commentary on Evaluation of Index- Automation. Commentary on Magnetic Type- ing, F. W.Lancaster, 439: The Author Replies, n.ritcr Speeds Catalog Card I'roduction in Col- 44 1 lege I.ibrary, Erika Love, 242; Circulation Board of Directors. See SLA Board of Directors hlcchanizetl, William A. Kozumplik, 287; Bow, Martha, Current Developments in General Machine-Readable Map Cataloging in The and Library Education: An Overview, 179 Library of Congress, Walter IV. Ristow and Bockman, Eugene I., ,r 549 David K. Carrington, 343; Air Pollution Boltlt, Roger, A Planning Library: The Empiri- Information System: Increasing Usability cal Approach, 335 Through Automation, Fred Renner et al., Bondi, Arnold, The World of Feasibility Analy- 421; Trends in Library Technology, Joseph sis: Or, Where the Special Iihrary Could Be Becker, 429: On-Line Library Housekeeping Paradise, 215 Systems: .4 Survey, Caryl McAllister, 457; hfa- nook Hintling. See Binding chine-Assisted Serials Control: Bindery Prepa- Book Budget Allocation: Subjective or Objective ration and Claims Control, W. A. Wilkinson Approach, Bette Dillehay, 509 and 1,oretta A. Stock, 529; SDI Systems: A Book Selection. See Selection United Kingdom Approach, H. H. Goom, 535; Booth, Robert E., n 116, 72 444 .we also Computers and Data Banks Boston Conference, 106; Call for Papers, 250; 539 An Aviation Firm Catalogs Its Special Collection, Bottle, Robert T. and Emery, Betty L., Informa- Alan K. Hogenauer, 234 tion Transfer by Reader Service Cards: A Re- sponse Time Analysis, 469 Boucher, Virginia, 71 159 Bowles, Nancy J., New York Chapter Seminar, 44 3 B Brad), Mary T., n 543 Baer, Mark H., n 113; a 245; 299; Merger 1)is- Brandhorst, W. T., More Action (letter), 13A cussion Echoes (letter), 373 (J4Aug) Baltimore Chapter, n 116, n 199, n 494 Braucher, Jane, n 543 Barkley , Kay, n 543 Brenner, Everett H., 71 248 Barsnmyan, Silva, n 324 Brieger, Anne Marie, ir 247 Basile, l'ictor A,, n 246 Brite, Agnes, n 494 Baster, Doris P., n 247, n 443 British Information Sen ices, 12 452 Bauer, Charles K., n 112 British National Lending Library for Science Bayles, Anita Grace, n 324 and Technology, n 253 Beatty, Charlotte, n 444 Brodman, Estelle, n 444 Bebbington, Marguerite, Ethics? (letter), 11.4 Brooklyn College, 71 212 (Feb) Broward, Marjorie, n 161 INDEX Bryant, David, n 160 Centner, Rosemary L., n 114 Budgets. Book Budget Allocation: Subjective or Chapter and Division Finances, 202, 539 Objective Approach, Bette Dillehay, 509 Chapter Liaison Officer, 305 Buginas, Scott J., book review by. See Hayes, Chapter Relations Committee. 1970/71 Report, Robert M. Joseph M. Dagnese, 296; see also Chapter Liai- Burnham, Jean W., n 159 son Officer Burrows, Elizabeth Baird, obit. 496 Chapters & Divisions, 116, 159, 199, 245, 494, 542 Business and Finance Division, n 16 Charles Guenther: The Lyrical Special Librar- Business Libraries. Commercial Clearinghouse ian, 227 for the Business Community: A Suggestion, Chase, William D., n 247 John C. Allen, 185 Chatty Chatty Bang Bang: Business Information Business Literature. Chatty Chatty Bang Bang: Cassettes, Valerie Noble, 231 Business Information Cassettes, Valerie Noble, Cheavens, Dorcas H., Money and Metger (letter), 23 1 13A (Feb) The Business of Running a Special Library, Chemical Abstracts. An A\' Workshop Approach Helen J. Waldron, 63; see also John Hanna to Teaching the Use of CA Indexes, M. Kay (letter), 13A (May/Jun); Jo .inn Aufdenkamp Allard et a]., 435 (letter), 14A (May/Jun); Ruth S. Smith (letter), Christian, Portia, n 445 11A (Jul/Aug) Church and Synagogue Library Association, 163 Byers, Barbara, n 159 Cincinnati Chapter, n 159 Bylaws Committee Report, 383 Ciolli, Antoinette, n 248 Circulation Mechanized, William A. Kozumplik, 287 Cisneros, Dorothy, Librarians Alll (letter), 9.4 (Nov) CLO. See Chapter Liaison Officer Clapp, Verner, The Declaration of Independ- CNLA. See Council of National Library Associa- ence: A Case Study in Preservation, 509 tions Clark, Norman F., n 247 Cabeen, Kirk, n 543 Classification. Language, Classification, and In- Calendar. See Coming E~ents dexing, Judith G. Rubin, 189 Campbell, B. IV., A Successful Microfiche Pro- Cleveland Chapter, n 116, n 245, n 494, n 542 gram, 136 Clientele Relations Programs in a Technical In- Campbell, Evelyn M., n 445 formation Centre, Carlos I. H. Nelson, 147 Can the Librarian Become a Computer Data Clifton, Joe Ann. 1970 Fall Joint Computer Con- Base Manager? Herbert B. Landau, 117; see ference, 158; see also King, David E. also Eugene D. Ruskin (letter), 11A (Oct) Colloquy on Northern Library Resources, Nora Canadian Special Libraries, 544 T. Corley, 447 Carrington, David K., n 247; Map Collections in Color Code System of New Law Library, D. the United States and Canada: '4 Directory, Hughes Cauffman, 438 book review by Bill M. Woods, 256; Errata, Colorado Chapter, n 159, n 496 550; see also Ristow, Walter W. Commentary on Education for Special Librarian- Case \Vestern Reserve University, n 61, n 451 ship, Michael M. Reynolds, 125 Casellas, Elizabeth, n 248 Commentary on Evaluation of Indexing, F. W. Cassettes. Chatty Chatty Bang Bang: Business Lancaster, 439 Information Cassettes, Valerie Noble, 231: n Commentary on Magnetic Typewriter Speeds 252; n 382; Trends in Library Technology, Catalog Card Production in College Library, Joseph Becker, 429 Erika Lobe, 242 Catalog Cards. Commentary on Magnetic Type- Commercial Clearinghouse for the Business Com- writer Speeds Catalog Card Production in Col- munity: A Suggestion, John C. Allen, 185 lege Library, Erika Love, 242; A New Method Coming Events, 165, 213, 254, 330, 499 of Preparing a Master Card from the National Committee on Committees. Report, 384; 541 Union Catalog, Morris Schertz and David Communication. Overcoming the Frigidity of Shavit, 491 Special Librarians, Patrick R. Penland, 1; see Cataloging. An Aviation Firm Catalogs Its Spe- also Elizabeth Tomlinson (letter), 15A (Apr); cial Collection, Alan K. Hogenauer, 234; Ma- Library Staff Newsletter: An Experiment in chine-Readable Map Cataloging in The Li- Communication, Jeanne V. Von Schulz, 151 brary of Congress, Walter W. Ristow and Community Service. Robert S. Meyer (letter), 9A David K. Carrington, 343; n 451 (Xov) Cauffman, D. Hughes, Color Code System of New The Computer-Microfilm Relationship, George Law Library, 438 H. Harmon, 279 Celanese Research Company Library. Accessibil- Computers. Can the Librarian Become a Com- ity, Browsing, and a Systematic Approach to puter Data Base hlanager? Herbert B. Landau, Acquisitions in a Chemical Research Compan~ 117; Eugene D. Ruskin (letter), 11A (Oct); see Library, James H. Schwartz, 143 also Automation INDEX Conference Advisory Committee, 305; Report, Day, Melvin S., n 160 384 Dayton Chapter, n 199 Conference 1971 Committee Report, 384 The Declaration of Independence: A Case Study Conference 1972 Committee Report, 384 in Preservation, Verner Clapp, 503 Conferences. See Boston, Pittsburgh, San Fran- Defense Documentation Center, n 452 cisco, Toronto Conferences Demarest, Rosemary, n 248 Connecticut Valley Chapter, n 116, n 245 Dental Literature. The Index to Dental Litera- Connolly, Brendan C., S.J. and Lorna M. Dan- ture, Malvin E. Ring iells, Paul W. Riley, obit. 380 Dillehay, Bette, Book Budget Allocation: Sub- Connor, John M., n 11 1 jective or Objective Approach, 509 Consultation Service Committee Report, 385 Dillon, Richard, Names on the Land, 405 Cook, Frederick G., State Manual Procurement DiMattia, Susan S., n 247 Guide, 88 The Dimensions of Law Librarianship, Carleton Cook, John, it 542 W'. Kenyon, 129 Cooney, Jane, n 544 Directory of Education Programs in Infor~natim~ Cooperation. See Library Cooperation Science, 1971/72, n 548 Cooperative Picture Searching and Collection Directory of Gratis Controlled Circulation Jour- Development, John G. Fetros, 215; see also Le- nals for the Chemical and Allied Industries, nore Cowan (letter), 11.4 (Nov) Gretchen D. Little (letter), 11A (Oct) Copyrights. Phonorecord Preservation: Notes of Directory of Nurses with Earned Dortoral De- a Pragmatist, David Hall, 357 grees, n 454 Corley, Nora T., Colloquy on Northern Library Directory of Private Pressmen in the Southeast, Resources, 447 n 498 Cosgrove, Zoe L., n 113, n 245, n 248 Discrimination, n 253 Costs. How to Survive in Industry: Cost Justify- Diurnal Dialectic in a Diary Built by Two: SLA ing Library Services, Joseph Kramer, 487 in SF, Angela G. Irby and Joseph M. Dagnese, Council of National Library .4ssociations. Report 307 of SLA Special Representative, 398; n 452 Division and Chapter Finances, 202, 539 Cowan, Lenore, The Picture is Clouded (letter). Division Liaison Officer. 1970/71 Report, Bess P. 11A (Nov); n 495 MTalford,297; 539 Crantlall, Ella Moyets, obit. 248 Documentation Abstracts, Inc. Report of SLA Cranfield Indexing Experiments. Evaluation of Special Representative, 398 Indexing: 4. A Review of the Cranfield Experi- Donovan, Jerry J., n 248 ments, Masse Bloomfield, 24; see also Com- mentary on Evaluation of Indexing, F. W. Lancaster, 439; The Author Replies, Masse Bloomfield, 441 Crum, Norman, n 200 ERIC Clearinghouse, n 453 Cruzat, Gwendolyn S., n 160 ERIC/CLIS Abstracts, 501; Errata, 550 Cuadra, Carlos, n 252 Cuitino, C. C., n 160 East Asian Bibliography, n 213 n Current Au'areness Bulletin: Its Preparation and Echelman, Shirley, 160 Edgington, Virginia, obit. 162 Use in a Non-Automated Library, Louanne A. Education. Commentary on Education for Spe- Kalvinskas, 363 Current Developments in General and Library cial Librarianship, Michael M. Reynolds, 125; Education: An Overview, Martha Boaz, li9 Current Developments in General and Library Czechoslovakia. Some Notes on Two Czech Medi- Education: An Overview, Martha Boaz, 179; A cal Libraries, Constance Uzelac, 195 Unique Program in Library Education, Ed- ward P. Miller and Raymond P. Lutz, 353; Time for Decision: 1.ibrary Education for the Seventies, Andrew H. Horn, 515 D Education Committee, 106; 306; Report, 385 DLO. See Division Liaison Officer Ekimov, Roza, n 543 Dagger, William P., n 160 Elgood, William R., n 247 Dagnese, Joseph M., Chapter Relations Commit- Elman, Stanley, Special Libraries: The Users' tee 1970/71, 296; 305; see also Irby, Angela G. Points of View, 340 Danese, Denny M., Acquisition of U.S. Patents Emery, Betty L., n 159; see also Bottle, Robert T. Pending, 490 Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Sew Daniells, Iorna M., n 544; see also Connolly, icrs, n 454 Brendan C., S.J. Engelhardt, Sara Marlow, n 161 Da~ling,Rowland E., The Government Book- Epstein, Bernard E. See Renner, Fred store, 8 Errata, 550 Data Banks. Can the Librarian Become a Com- Eugenides Foundation, n 253 puter Data Base Manager? Herbert B. Landau, Evaluation of Indexing: 4. A Review of the 117; Eugene D. Ruskin (letter), 11A (Oct) Cranfield Experiments, 24; 5. Discussion and INDEX Summary, 94; Masse Bloomfield; see also Com- Government Documents. The Government Book- mentary on Evaluation of Indexing, F. W. store, Rowland E. Darling, 8; Expediting Ac- Lancaster, 439; The Author Replies, Masse quisition of Government Documents, Bernard Bloomfield, 44 1 Locker, 9; n 16; State Manual Procurement Expediting Acquisition of Government Docu- Guide, Frederick G. Cook, 88; n 211; Gretchen ments, Bernard Locker, 9 D. Little (letter), 11A (Nov) Extra-Association Relations Policy, 107, 201 Government Information Services Committee Re- port, 385 Governmental Relations Project, 306 Graham, Earl C., n 543 Grant, Mildred, n 494 Greater St. Louis Chapter, n 116, n 199 FID and Unesco Positions Open, 329 Greear, Yvonne E., Hear That? (letter), 13A Fall Joint Computer Conference, Joe Ann Clif- (May I Jun) ton, 158 Guenther, Charles. Charles Guenther: The Lyri- Farrington, Bill, n 159 cal Special Librarian, 227; n 199 Fayne, Dorothy, n 444 Feasibility. The World of Feasibility Analysis, Arnold Bondi, 215 Federal Libraries. New Pay Scale for Librarians in Civil Service, 163; n 253 Federal Library Committee, 164; Report of SLA Special Representative, 399 Hall, David, Phonorecord Preservation: Notes of Federal Reserve Bank, n 451 a Pragmatist, 357 Feldman, Laurence M., n 444 Halpin, Peter. See Renner, Fred Fellowships, n 452 Hamrick, Lillian, n 444 Ferguson Communications Award, 306, 375, 541 Handbook of Data Processing for Libraries, Rob- Fetros, John G., Cooperative Picture Searching ert M. Hayes and Joseph Becker, book review and Collection Development, 217; see also by Scott J. Buginas, 333 Lenore Cowan (letter), 11A (Nov) Hanson, Peter P., n 248 Film: The Durable Medium, Donald G. Wiest, Harmon, Geroge H., The Computer-Microfilm 475 Relationship, 279 Flener, Jane G., n 246 Haro, Robert D., n 548 Florida Chapter, n 199, n 494 Harris, Jessica L., n 159 Folts, Stephen B., What Do the Candidates Harris, Safford, n 246 Think? (letter), 13A (May/Jun) Have You Heard? 61, 211, 252, 451, 548 Frankenberg, Celestine, n 161 Have You Seen? 209, 251, 382, 448, 545 Freeman, Elsa S., n 544 Haycraft, Howard, n 161 Fulcher, Jane, n 444 Hayes, Robert M. and Joseph Becker, Handbook of Data Processing for Libraries, book review by Scott J. Buginas, 333 Headquarters Operations Committee Report, 386 Heart of America Chapter, n 199, 1% 494, n 496, n 542 Gagnk, Frank, n 324 Heinz, Catherine, n 543 Garvin, David, The Information Analysis Center Heise, George F., Why Not Sunday? (letter), 7A and the Library, 17 (Mar) General Electric Company, n 212 Hendry, Barbara, n 161 Geography. Names on the Land, Richard Dillon, Henkle, Herman H., 206 405 Hetrick, Catherine R., n 247 Geography and Map Ditision, 256 Hewitt, Vivian Davidson, A Special Librarian by Georgi, Charlotte, n 445 Design, 71; We Try Hard (letter), 14A (May/ Gibson, Robert W., n 116 Jun) Gille, Frank H., Action (letters), 14A (MayIJun); Hilton, Sylvia C., n 159 see also W. T. Brandhorst (letter), 13A (Jul/ Hine, Gladys E., n 543 Aug) Hines, Theodore C., n 159 Gonzalez, Efren William. SL.A President 1971/72 Hoey, Evelyn, n 247 (biography), Mary Frances Musco, 290:; Let's Hogan, Mildred E. See Lyke, Georgia P. Get Together, 291; Error in Library Journal Hogenauer, Alan K., An Aviation Firm Catalogs Report (letter), 302; Merger Discussion Echoes Its Special Collection, 234 (letter), 371; n 496 Holloway, 0. Willard, n 161 Goom, H. H., SDI Systems: A United Kingdor.1 Holt, Marjorie, n 494 Approach, 535 Horn, Andrew H., Time for Decision: Library The Government Bookstore, Rowland E. Darl- Education for the Seventies, 515 ing, 8 Horton, Grace, n 543 INDEX Houge, Paul D., Insulting Librarians? (letter), James, John E., Library Technician Program: 15A (Apr); see also Lillian Tudiver (letter), The Library Technician Graduates' Point of 11A (Jul/Aug); Anne Maisel (letter), 9A (Nov) 17iew,268 How to Survive in Industry: Cost Justifying Li- Japan Documentation Center, n 548 brary Services, Joseph Kramer, 487 Jennings, Pauline Whitlock, n 444 Huffer, Mary, 306 Johnson, Ellen, n 494 Hughey, Elizabeth, obit. 162 Johnson, Josephine R., A Newspaper Reference Humphry, James, 111, n 445 Library: A Suggested List of Basic Books, 174 Joint Committee on the Union List of Serials, 396 Jordon, Robert T., n 445

IFLA. See International Federation of Library Associations INTREX. See Information Transfer Experiments Illinois Chapter, n 116, n 199, n 494 The Index to Dental Literature: A Critical Ap- Kalvinskas, Louanne A., Current Awareness Bul- praisal, Malvin E. Ring, 82 letin: Its Preparation and Use in a Non-Auto- Indexing. Evaluation of Indexing: 4. A Review mated Library, 363 of the Cranfield Experiments, 24; 5. Discussion Kamm, Susan, Priorities for the Profession (let- and Summary, 94, Masse Bloomfield; see also ter), 9A (Oct) Commentary on Evaluation of Indexing, F. W. Kauai Plans for Space Age Libraries, 545 Lancaster, 439; The Author Replies, Masse Kee, Walter A., Merger Discussion Echoes (let- Bloomfield, 441; see also Classification ter), 369 Indiana Chapter, n 116 Keeley, Emily, n 444 Industrial Aerodynamics Information, n 548 Kellow, Leila, n 159 Informatik, n 252 Kenyon, Carleton W., The Dimensions of Law The Information Analysis Center and the Li- Librarianship, 129 brary, David Garvin, 17 Kepple, Robert R. See Von Schulz. Jeanne V. Information Centers. Clientele Relations Pro- Kerfoot, Jean, n 200 grams in a Technical Information Centre, Kiersky, Loretta J., n 444; 1971 Emmett Leahy Carlos I. H. Nelson, 147; Toward Informa- Award Winner, 493 tion Centers, E. B. Jackson, 238; Air Pollu- King, David E. et a]., Action (letters), 14A (May/ tion Information System: Increasing Usability Jun) Through Automation, Fred Renner et al., 421 Kiraldi, Louis, n 162 Information Industry Association, Ellis Mount, Klahre, Ethel S., Elizabeth Baird Burrows, obit. 328 496 Information Networks. See Library Networks Klinefelter, Paul, n 116 Information Storage and Retrieval. A Planning Konecnik, Martin, n 543 Library: The Empirical Approach. Roger Kortendick, James J., n 160, n 544 Boldt, 335 Kozumplik, William A., Circulation Mechanized, Information Transfer by Reader Service Cards: 287 A Response Time Analysis, Robert T. Bottle Kramer, Joseph, How to Survive in Industry: and Betty L. Emery, 469 Cost Justifying Library Services, 487 Information Transfer Experiments, n 61 Krug, Richard E., n 246 Instruction for Contributors, 13A (Mar), 567 Krupp, Robert G., n 161; see also King, David E. Insurance Division. The Ferguson Communica- tions Awards Program, 375: n 494 International Federation of Library Associations. Report of SLA Special Representative, 400 International Relations Committee, 107; Report, L 386 LARC. See Library Automation, Research and Involvement. Light Your Fire! Operation In- Consulting Association volvement: Librarians and Social Issues, Rob- LJ,'SLJ Hotline, n 549 ert S. Meyer, 100 LTP Reports to SLA, Marjorie E. Weissman, 164, Irby, Angela G. and Joseph M. Dagnese, Diurnal 327, 381 Dialectic in a Diary Built by Two: SLA in SF, Lage, Louise, n 161 307 Lancaster, F. W., Commentary on Evaluation of Indexing, 439 Landau, Herbert B., Can the Librarian Become a Computer Data Base Manager? 117; see also Eugene D. Ruskin (letter), 11A (Oct) Jackson, Eugene B., Toward Information Cen- L,anguage, Classification, and Indexing, Judith G. ters, 238; n 444 Rubin, 189 INDEX Larsc~l, John C., The Use of A1.t Referencc Locker, Bernard, Expediting Acquisition of Gov- Sources in hiuseun~Libraries, 481 ernment Documents, 9 Law Library of Congress. The Dimensions of Lokitz, Selma B., n 444 I.aw Librarianship, Carleton 'CV. Kenyon, 129 Loughran, Clayton D., \llarring Titles (letter), Lee, Luther E. See Lyke, Georgia P. 11A (Feb) Leigh, Carma, 11 495 Louisiana Chapter, n 245, n 496 Lejeune, Eugenia Dickson, obit. 248 Love, Erika, Commentary on Magnetic Type- I.eonard, Ruth S., 207 writer Speeds Catalog Card Production in Col- Lerner, Adele A,, n 444 lege Library, 242 Letters to the Editor, 11'4 (Feb), 7A (Mar), 15A Lowe, William C., n 444 (Apr), 13A (May/Jun), 11A (JulIAug), 9A Lowrie, Jean E., n 116 (Oct); 9.4 (Sov) Lucker, Jay. See King, Dabid E. Lelvis, Robert, n 495 Lutz, Raymond P. See Miller, Edward P. Librarians. Overcoming the Frigidity of Special Lyke, Georgia P. et al., Resolutions of Apprecia- Librarians, Patrick R. Penland, 1; Marguerite tion Adopted at the Annual Meeting, 299 Bebbington (letter), 11A (Feb); New Pay Scale Lynch, Mary Jo, n 444 for Librarians in Civil Service, 163; Elizabeth K. Tomlinson (letter), 15A (Apr); Status: The Problem of Nigerian Librarians, Akin Olu- wakuyide, 283; see also Black Librarians, In- volvement, Special Librarians and Public Li- brarians; and Unemployment McAllister, Caryl, On-Line Library Housekeep- Library Automation, Research and Consulting ing Systems: A Survey, 457 Association, n 212 hfachine-Assisted Serials Control: Bindery Prep- Library Buildings, n 213 aration and Claims Control, \V. A. Wilkinson Library Cooperation. The Information Analysis and Loretta A. Stock, 529 Center and the Library, David Garvin, 17; Machine-Readable Map Cataloging in The Li- Commercial Clearinghouse for the Business brary of Congress, Walter \V. Ristow and Community: A Suggestion, John C. Allen, David K. Carrington, 343 185; Cooperative Picture Searching and Col- McKee, Jay, n 161 lection Development, John G. Fetros, 21i; McKenry, Coletta, n 247 Kauai Plans for Space Age Libraries, 545; see McKown, Cornelius J., n 444 also Library Networks Libmpy lottrnal. See LJiSLJ Hotline McXlaster, Florence. See Lyke, Georgia P. MacMurray, Gwendolyn, Merger Discussion Ech- Library Networks. Network Characteristics: oes (letter), 374 Catching Fish or Looking for Loopholes? D. A. NcNierney, Mary A. See King, David E. Redmond, 257; n 453; see also Library Cooper- Maisel, Anne, Librarians All! (letter), 9A (Nov) ation Malcolm, Janet, n 494 Library of Congress. Geography and Map Divi- Malinowsky, H. Robert, n 114, n 445 sion. Machine-Readable Map Cataloging in Malkin, Mary Ann, n 247 The Library of Congress, Walter W. Ristow and David K. Carrington, 343 Management. The Business of Running a Special Library, Helen J. Waldron, 63; see also Para- "The L.ibrary of the Future," n 452 Library Planning. Sew York Chapter Seminar, dox in Management (letter), 13A (May/Jun); Nancy J. Bowles, 443 John Hanna (letter), 13A (MayIJun); Jo Ann Library Stack Identification System. Color Code Aufdenkamp (letter), 14A (MayIJun); Ruth S. System of Sew Law Library, D. Hughes Cauff- Smith (letter), 11A (JulJAug); Can the Librar- man, 438 ian Become a Computer Data Base Manager? Library Staff Newsletter: An Experiment in Herbert B. Landau, 117; see also Eugene D. Communication, Jeanne V. \'on Schulz and Ruskin (letter), 11A (Oct) Robert R. Kepple, 151 Management Information Services. David E. Library Technician Program: The Library Tech- King et al. (letter), 14A (XlayiJun); Frank H. Gille (letter), 15A (MaylJun); It'. T. Brand- nician Graduates' Point of View, John E. horst (letter), 13A (Jul/Aug) James, 268 Maps. Machine-Readable Map Cataloging in The Library Technicians. Marguerite Bebbington Library of Congress, Walter \V. Ristow and n (letter), 11A (Feb); 549 David K. Carrington. 343 Library Technology Program. See LTP hfarkee, Katherine hl., John H. hloriarty, obit. Library Users. See Users 249 Light Your Fire! Operation Involvement: Librar- hlartin, Jess A,, n 444 ians and Social Issues, Robert S. hfeyer, 100 Matson, Jessie Agnes, SLA KO'ed by Rodeos Little (Arthur D.), Inc., n 451 (letter), 7A (Mar) Little, Gretchen D., Praise for a Worthy Pub .- Medical Libraries. Some Notes on Two Czech cation (letter), 11.4 (Oct); Open Letter to Medical Libraries, Constance Uzelac, 19.5; n SupDocs (letter), 11.4 (SOY) 212; Kauai Plans for Space Age Libraries, 545 DECEMBER197 1 INDEX Medical Library Association, n 548 Medical Library Technicians, n 213 Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Library. Civil Liber- NAL. See National Agricultural Library ties (letter), Stefan B. Moses, 13A (Feb) NFSAIS. See National Federation of Science Ab- Melcher, Daniel, n 451 stracting and Indexing Services Members in the News, 160, 246, 443, 543 NMA. See National Microfilm Association Membership Committee, 106; 306; Report, 387; Kames on the Land, Richard Dillon, 405 National Agricultural Library, 550 541 n National Atlas of the United States of America, Merger. See American Society for Information n 61 Science/Special Libraries Association Merger National Commission on Libraries and Infor- Merritt, LeRoy Charles, n 445 mation Science, 374 Metals/Materials Division Award, 377 National Federation of Science Abstracting and Meyer, Robert S., Light Your Firel Operation Indexing Services, n 21 1 Involvement: Librarians and Social Issues, 100; National Microfilm Association, n 212; n 252: Community Service Awards, Anyone? (letter), Report of SLA Special Representative, 400; n 9A (Nov) 453 Meyer, Roger L., n 247 National Translations Center. Report of SLA Michaels, Leola, n 116 Special Representative, 401; n 452 Michigan Chapter, n 116, n 542 National Union Catalog. Paula M. Strain (letter). Microfiches. A Successful Microfiche Program, 13A (Feb) B. W. Campbell, 136 Nelson, Carlos I. H., Clientele Relations Pro- Microfilms. Reaching for the Stars: Goals for the grams in a Technical Information Centre, 147 Library Profession, Masse Bloomfield, 265; The Nemeyer, Carol A., n 444 Computer-Microfilm Relationship, George H. Network Characteristics: Catching Fish or Look- Harmon, 279; n 382; Trends in Library Tech- ing for Loopholes? D. A. Redmond, 257 nology, Joseph Becker, 429; n 449; n 450; n Networks. See Library Networks and Library Co- 451: n 453; n 454; Film: The Durable Medium, operation Donald G. Wiest, 475; see also Microfiches New Jersey Chapter, n 199, n 494, n 542 A New Method of Preparing a Master Card Midwest Engineer, n 550 from the National qnion Catalog, Morris Military Librarians Division, n 116, n 542 Schertz and David Shavit, 491 Miller, Carolyn, n 161 New York Chamber of Commerce Library. Anita Miller, Edward P. and Raymond P. Lutz, A Randolfi (letter), 11A (Jul/Aug) Unique Program in Library Education, 353 New York Chapter, n 159; n 199; n 246; Semi- Miller, Elizabeth, n 444 nar, 443; n 495 Miller, Ellen, n 542 New York City Council Library, n 549 Miniter, John, n 247 New York Public Library, n 61, financial crisis, Minneapolis Public Library, n 451 497 Minnesota Chapter, n 199, n 245, n 496, n 542 hTewsletteron Intellectual Freedom, n 212 Minority Library Consultants, n 548 Newspaper Libraries. A Newspaper Reference Mobley, Emily R. See Lyke, Georgia P. Library: A Suggested List of Basic Books, Moen, Adelaide, n 247 Josephine R. Johnson, 174; North of the Molz, R. Kathleen, n 444 Border: Basic Books for a Canadian Newspa- Montreal Chapter, n 116, n 494 per Reference Library, David A. Rhydwen, Morelock, Molete, n 114: n 245 175 Morgan, LaVera A., n 161 A Newspaper Reference Library: A Suggested Moriarty, John H., obit. 249 List of Basic Books, Josephine R. Johnson, Morisset, Auguste-M., n 444 174 Morrison, Perry D., n 444 Nicolaus, John J., n 444 Moses, Stefan B., Civil Liberties (letter), 13A Nigerian Librarians. An African Experience: (Feb) The Role of a Specialized Library in a War Mount, Ellis, Information Industry Association, Situation, Joseph C. Anafulu, 32: Status: The 328; ANSI Standard Approved, 378; see also Problem of Nigerian Librarians, Akin Olu- King, David E. wakuyide, 283 Muench, Eugene V., n 445 Nigerian Libraries, n 453 Musco, Mary Frances, Efren William Gonzalez: Noble, Valerie, n 162; Chatty Chatty Bang Bang: SLA President 1971172, 290 Business Information Cassettes, 231; n 444 Museum Division. See Museums, Arts & Humani- Nominating Committee. Call for Candidates, ties Division 157; Report, 388 Museum Libraries. The Use of Art Reference Uorman, Oscar E., obit. 162 Sources in Museum Libraries, John C. Larsen, ~Jorth,Jeanne B., 12 205 481 North Carolina Libraries Services Network, n Museums, Arts & Humanities Division, 105 254 INDEX North of the Border: Basic Books for a Ca- Poteat, James B., n 445 nadian Newspaper Reference Library, David Preservation of Library Materials. Phonorecord A. Rhydwen, 175 Preservation: Notes of a Pragmatist. David Nova University, n 254 Hall, 357; The Role of the Librarian in the Novotny, Ann, Shaker 'Spirit' Drawings, 167 Binding Process, Matt Roberts, 413; Film: The Durable Medium, Donald G. Wiest, 475; The Declaration of Independence: A Case Study in Preservation, Verner Clapp, 503; n 548 OMI. See Organization for MicroInformation President's Report 1970/71, Florine Oltman, 292 Oklahoma Chapter, n 159, n 393, n 495, n 496 Princeton-Trenton Chapter, n 159, n 246, n 542 Oliver, Betsy Ann, n 445 Projectors, n 210 Olsen, Charles 0..n 544 Public Relations Committee Report, 388 Oltman, Florine, n 199; n 246; President's Re- Publisher Relations Committee. Action (letters). port 1970/71,292; 299; n 444; n 495 David E. King et al., 14A (May/Jun); Report, Oluwakuyide, Akin, Status: The Problem of 389- -. Nigerian Librarians, 283 Publishing. Clayton D. Loughran (letter), 11A On-Line Library Housekeeping Systems: A Sur- Web) vey, Caryl McAllister, 457 Pubs, 62, 166, 334 Oral History in the United States: A Directory, n 453 Organization for MicroInformation, n 549 Overcoming the Frigidity of Special Librarians, Patrick R. Penland, 1; see also Elizabeth K. Quebec Library Association, n 61 Tomlinson (letter), 15A (Apr) Quint, Mary, n 544 Oxford English Dictionary, n 549

Radwan, Eleanor, n 544 Pacific Northwest Chapter, n 495, n 496, n 542 Randolfi, Anita, Life Ain't Easy (letter), 11A Paddock, Rita L., n 444 (Jul/ Aug) Pandelakis, Helene S., n 162 Rathbun, Loyd, Merger Discussion Echoes (let- Patents. Acquisition of U.S. Patents Pending, ter), 373 Denny M. Danese, 490 Reaching for the Stars: Goals for the Library Peck, Theodore P., n 246 Profession, Masse Bloomfield, 265 Penland, Patrick R., Overcoming the Frigidity Reader Service Cards. Information Transfer by of Special Librarians, 1; see also Elizabeth K. Reader Service Cards: A Response Time Tomlinson (letter), 15A (Apr) Analysis, Robert T. Bottle and Betty L. Percey, Helen Gladys, obit. 162 Emery, 469 Periodicals. See Serials Records. Phonorecord Preservation: Notes of a Philadelphia Chapter, n 200, n 495, n 542 Pragmatist, David Hall, 35'7 Phillips, Margaret, n 248 Redman, Helen, n 544 Phillips, Ted, n 159 Redmond, D. A., Network Characteristics: Catch- Phonorecord Preservation: Notes of a Pragma- ing Fish or Looking for Loophole3 257 tist, David Hall, 357 Reference. Martha Jane K. Zachert (letter), 13A Physics Information, n 453 (May/Jun); The Use of Art Reference Sources Picture Collections. Cooperative Picture Search- in Museum Libraries, John C. Larsen, 481 ing and Collection Development, John G. Reiner, Mabel Duthey, obit. 248 Fetros, 217; see also Lenore Cowan (letter), Reinshagen, William, n 445 11A (Nov); Picture Searching: 1. Techniques, Renner, Fred et al., Air Pollution Information Renata V. Shaw, 524 System: Increasing Usability Through Auto- Picture Searching: 1. Techniques, Renata V. mation, 421 Shaw, 524 Reprints. Standard for, 498 Pitts, Mary Louise, n 444 Research Committee. Report, 390; 539 Pittsburgh Chapter, n 159 Resolutions Committee. Resolutions of Appre- Pittsburgh Conference, 106, 305 ciation Adopted at the Annual Meeting, Geor- Placement Policy Committee, 305, 388, 540 gia P. Lyke et al., 299; 304 Planning Committee, 306; Report, 388 Reviews, 256, 333 A Planning Library: The Empirical Approach, Reynolds, Michael M., Commentary on Educa- Roger Boldt, 335 tion for Special Librarianship, 125 Plastic Cards Seminar, n 61 Rhydwen, David A., North of the Border: Basic Poetry. Charles Guenther: The Lyrical Special Books for a Canadian Newspaper Reference Librarian, 227 Library, 175 INDEX Rigney, Janet M., Treasurer's Report 1970/71, SLA Officers' Reports. See Names of Offices 294 SLA Priorities. Susan Kamm (letter), 9A (Oct) Riley, Paul W., obit. 380 SLA Professional Award, 446 Ring, Malvin E., The Index to Dental Litera- SLA Professional Award and Hall of Fame Com- ture: A Critical Appraisal, 82 mittee Report, 391 Rio Grande Chapter, n 159, n 542, n 496 SLA Publications. Royalty Payments, 326 Rips, Rae Elizabeth, obit. 162 SLA Scholarships. 1971172 Awards, 324; Fund Ristnw, Walter W., n 246 Donations, 325; see also Scholarship Commit- Ristow, Walter W. and David K. Carrington, tee Machine-Readable Map Cataloging in The SLA Special Committees. See Name of Special Library of Congress, 343 Committee Roberts, Matt, The Role of the Librarian in the SL.4 Structure. See Special Committee to Study Binding Process, 413 Association Structure The Role of the Librarian in the Binding Proc- Salaries. New Pay Scale for Librarians in Civil ess, Matt Roberts, 413 Service, 163; ALA Salary Survey, 251 Rubin, Judith G., Language, Classification, and San Diego Chapter, n 200, n 495, n 496 Indexing, 189 San Francisco Bay Region Chapter. Light Your Ruskin, Eugene D., A Computerized Conspiracy Firel Operation Involvement: Librarians and (letter), 11A (Oct) Social Issues, Robert S. Meyer, 100; Provides Dues Assistance for Unemployed Members, 200; n 496 San Francisco Conference. Program, 41; Employ- S ment Clearinghouse, 158; Reports, 289-323; SDI. See Selective Dissemination of Information Diurnal Dialectic in a Diary Built by Two: SDI Systems: A United Kingdom Approach, SLA in SF, Angela Irby and Joseph M. Dag- H. H. Goom, 535 nese, 307 SHE. See Subject Headings for Engineering Schertz, Morris and Shavit, David, A New SLA/ASIS Merger. See American Society for In- Method of Preparing a Master Card from the formation Science/Special Libraries Associa- National Union Catalog, 491 tion Merger Schick, Frank L., n 247 SLA Advisory Council. Midwinter Meeting, 103, Schmidt, Valentine, n 247 105; Chairman-Elect resigns and Forrest Alter Schnick, Rosalie A., n 248 named, 205; Election Returns, 245; Report Scholarship Committee, 306; Report, 391 1970/71, Keith G. Blair, 295; Actions, 304 Schultz, Charles R., n 544 SLA Allotments for Chapters and Divisions, 202, Schwartz, James H., Accessibility, Browsing, and 539 a Systematic Approach to Acquisitions in a SLA Annual Meeting, 108, 161, 299, 303 SLA Audit Report, 402 Chemical Research Company Library, 143 SLA Authors, 162,248,445, 544 Science-Technology Division, 325 SLA Board of Directors. Midwinter Meeting, Selection. Materials Selection Policy: Standard 103, 105, Future Meetings, 107, 305; Officers Oil Company (N.J.) Reference Library Serv- and Directors, 115; Election Returns, 245; Ac- ice, George Aguirre, 447; see also Acquisitions tions, 305, 539 Selective Dissemination of Information. SDI SLA Budget, 540 Systems: A United Kingdom Approach, H. H. SLA Bylaws. Additional Proposed Bylaw Amend- Goom, 535 ment, 203; 303; 375; see also SLA Member- Serials. Machine-Assisted Serials Control: Bind- ship Requirements ery Preparation and Claims Control, W. A. SLA Candidates. 1971 Candidates, 111; Stephen Wilkinson and Loretta A. Stock, 529 B. Folts (letter), 13A (May/ Jun) Shaffer, Mary, n 445 SLA Committees. See Name of Committee Shaker 'Spirit' Drawings, Ann Novotny, 167 SLA Communications Award, 106 Shank, Russell L., n 161, n 444 SLA Conferences. See Boston, Pittsburgh, San Shavit, David. See Schertz, Morris Francisco, Toronto Shaw, Renata V., Picture Searching: 1. Tech- SLA Dues, 105; 106; 110; Dues assistance for un- niques, 524 employed members, 200; 303 Sherrod, John, n 445 SLA Election Returns, 245 Simmons-SLA Student Group, 543 SLA Extra-Association. Relations Policy, 201 Smith, Diane. See Allard, M. Kay SLA Hall of Fame, 206; 446; see also SLA Pro- fessional Award and Hall of Fame Commit- Smith, Richard D., n 445 tee Report Smith, Ruth S., Exciting, Viable, Dynamic . . . SLA Membership Requirements, 105; Proposed (letter), 11A (Jul/Aug) changes, 108; Errata, 161 Smithsonian Institution, 125th Anniversary, 494 SLA Midwinter Meeting. See SLA Board of Di- Snowhite, Morton, n 246 rectors and SLA Advisory Council Snyder, Richard L., n 246 INDEX

Social Problems. Light Your Fire! Operation In- Toronto Chapter, n 159,n 200, n 246 volvement: Librarians and Social Issues, Rob- Toronto Conference, 30.5 ert S. Meyer, 100 Toronto Libraries, n 213 Social Science Division, n 159 Toronto Public Library, n 253 Some Notes on Two Czech Medical Libraries, Touch-Tone Telephones. Trends in Library Constance Uzelac, 195 Technology, Joseph Becker, 429 Somerville, Arleen. See Allard, M. Kay Toward Information Centers. E. B. Tackson. 238 Soroka, Marguerite C., n 544 Treasurer's Report 1970/71, Janet M. Rigney, South Atlantic Chapter, n 246, n 495 294 Southern California Chapter, n 116, n 200, n Trends in Library Technology, Joseph Becker, 495, n 496, n 542 429 Special Committee for Cooperation with Re- Trezza, Alphonse F., n 494 Troxel, Wilma, n 443 lated Associations Report, 393 Tsuffis, Mary Lee, 77, 78 Special Committee to Study Association Struc- Tudiver, Lillian, That's What Makes Horse ture, 106; Report, 153; Progress Report, 393 Races (letter), 11A (Jul/Aug); see also Anne A Special Librarian by Design, Vivian Davidson Maisel (letter), 9A (Nov); Dorothy Cisneros Hewitt, 71; see also Vivian Hewitt (letter), (letter), 9A (Nov) 14A (May/Jun) Turner, James M., Jr., n 544 Special Librarians and Public Librarians. Paul Houge (letter), 15A (Apr); Lillian Tudiver (letter), 11A (JulIAug); Anne Maisel (letter), 9A (Sov); Dorothy Cisneros (letter), 9A (Nov) Special Libraries Association. See SLA Special Libraries: The Users' Points of View, USBE. See United States Book Exchange Stanley Elman, 310 Unesco. FID and Unesco Positions Open, 329; Standards. For Book Advertising, 378; For Re- n 451 print publishing, 498 Unemployment. Want ads, 107; San Francisco Standards Committee Report, 391 Chapter Provides Dues Assistance for Unem- State Manual Procurement Guide, Frederick G. ployed Members, 200 Cook, 88 A Unique Program in Library Education, Ed- Status: The Problem of Nigerian Librarians, ward P. Miller and Raymond P. Lutz, 353 Akin Oluwakuyide, 283 United Nations Non-Governmental Organiza- Stevenson, Chris, n 445 tions Observer Report, 401 Stock, Loretta A. See Wilkinson, W. A. United States Book Exchange. Report of SLA Strable, Edward G., n 111, n 245, n 496 Special Representative, 401 Strain, Paula M., Motion Pictures and Indus- U.S. Department of Commerce Field Offices, 454 trial Lihraries (letter), 13A (Feb) US. National Committee to FID. Report of SLA Student Group, 542 Special Representative, 399 Student Relations Officer, 305, 392, 540 U.S. Office of Education, n 452 Subject Headings for Engineering, n 61 University of California, Los Angeles, n 550 .4 Successful Microfiche Program, B. W. Camp- University of California, Santa Barbara, n 452 bell, 136 University of Illinois, n 549 Surveys. How to Survive in Industry: Cost Jus- University of North Carolina, n 548 tifying Library Services, Joseph Kramer, 487 Upstate New York Chapter, n 159, n 200, n 495 Sussman, Dorothy Hennessy, 11 247 Urban Planning Libraries. A Planning Library: The Empirical Approach, Roger Boldt, 335 The Use of Art Reference Sources in Museum Libraries, John C. Larsen, 481 Users. Clientele Relations Programs in a Tech- T nical Information Centre, Carlos I. H. Nel- Taft, Frederick L., tl 445 son, 147; The World of Feasibility Analysis: Tauber, Maurice F., n 445 Or, Where the Special Library Could Be Technical Assistants. See Library Technicians Paradise, Arnold Bondi, 215; Special Libraries: Tellers Committee Report, 392 The Users' Points of View, Stanley Elman, Terzian, Sherry, Ella Moyers Crandall, obit. 248 340 Texas Chapter, n 496 Usher, Elizabeth, n 445 Theatre Library Association, n 549 Uzelac, Constance, Some Notes on Two Czech This Works For Us, 151, 438, 491 Medical Libraries, 195 Thomas, Sarah, n 445 Thumdex, n 252 Time for Decision: Library Education for the Seventies, Andrew H. Horn, 515 Tomlinson, Elizabeth K., Whose Charisma? (let- van Der Poll, Ada, n 200 ter), 15A (Apr) Vara, Albert C., n 162 INDEX \'irginia Chapter, n 160, rr 496 Whalen, Lucille, n 248 Val. Schulz, Jeanne 1'. and Robert R. Kepplc, \Vhite, Herbert S., Merger Discussion Echoes Library Staff Newsletter: An Experiment in (letter), 369; n 445 Communication, 15 1 U'l~itman,Ruth M., 11 445 IYlto'.r Wllo in .4d7/e?tising, 11 252 Wickline, Marian, Merger Discussion Echoes (letter), 374 \Viest, 1)onald G., Film: The Durable Medium, Wagner, Elizabeth hl. Hutchins, n 161 475 Waldron, Helen J., The Business of Running a \Vilcox, Virginia, n 445 Special Library, 63; .see rtlso John Hanna (let- Wilkinson, FV. A. and Stock, Loretta A,, Ma- ter), 13A (MayIJun): Jo Ann Aufdenkamp chine-Assisted Serials Control: Bindery Prepa- (letter), 14A (May/Jun); Ruth S. Smith (let- ration and Claims Contl-ol. 529 ter), 11A (Jul/Aug) IVilliams, Wiley, n 245 Wales College of Lih~arianshipLibrary, 550 Wilson (H. W.)Company Chapter Award Com- Walford, Bess P., llivision Liaison Officer mittee, 306, 393, 540 1970,/il, 297 \Vilsou, Virginia, n 161 Walkcy, Elizabeth M., 11 247 \\:isconsin Chapter, 11 246 Wall, Duncan, Abused? Amused? (letter), 7A \Vood, Jeanne, n 494 (Mar) Woods, Bill M., n 248; book review by. See Washington, D.C. Chapter, n 160, n 200, n 246, Chrri~~gton,David n 542 The IVorld of Feasibility Analysis: Or, Wherc Washington, D.C. Libraries, n 212 the Special Library Could Be Paradise, Arnold Washington University, n 548 Bondi, 215 Wasserman, Paul, n 445 Waterman, Nancy, n 495 Way, James, n 445 Weil, Ben H., n 248 IVeissman, Marjorie E., I.TP Reports to SLA, Zachert, Martha Jane K., Help, Please! (letter), 164, 327, 381 13.4 (May/Jun); 11 445 \Vender, Ruth M., n 544 Zimmermann, Doris, n 451 tensive author alterations will be charged to the Instructions for Contributors author. Extensive alterations may also delay publication by several issues of the journal. General Information Reprints. Order blanks for reprints are sent with most proofs. 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Smith, John, Jones, B. H. and Doe, Richard. Figures should be lettered in black India ink. Special Librarianship in Action. Special Li- Charts drawn in India ink should be so executed bra~ier, 59 (no. 10): 1214-21 (Dec 1968) throughout, with no typewritten material in- References to books should be in the order: cluded. Letters and numbers appearing in figures authors, title, city, publisher, year, pagination. should be distinct and large enough so that no character will be less than 2 mm high after re- Brown, Abel. Z?zformation at Work. N.Y., duction. A line 0.4 mm wide reproduces satisfac- Abracadabra Press, 1909. 248p. torily when reduced by one-half. Graphs, charts, and photographs should be given consecutive Full-Length Articles figure numbers as they will appear in the text. 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Write a brief author note, and include position References and Notes. Number all references title and address. In the author note, include in- to the literature and notes in a single sequence in formation concerning meetings, symposia, etc. the order in which they are cited in the text. where the paper may have been presented orally. Cite all references and notes but do not insert Also submit recent glossy black-and-white photo- reference numbers in titles or abstracts. graphs of the authors. Accuracy and adequacy of the references are the responsibility of the author. Therefore, litera- Brief Communications ture cited should be checked carefully with the Short reports or communications will usually original publications. References to personal let- be less than 1,000 words in length (up to 4 ters, abstracts of oral reports, and other unedited typed double spaced manuscript pages). List the material may be included. authors on the last page of the text in the form References to periodicals should be in the of a signature and include a simple mailing ad- order: authors, article title, unabbreviated journal dress. WHEN SEARCHING FOR CHEMICAL LITERATURE PRIOR TO 1907 USE CHEMISCHES ZEN n 16mm and 35mm Microfilm In Cartridge (on open reel) Mngnrine or on Reel NMMEDIATE I)hlLIVERY "This important German abstract journal has value because of its early appearance (it precedes CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS by 77 years 1830-1907),almost continuous publication, and good abstracts. There have been several changes of name, the original one being PHARMACEUTISCHES CENTRALBLATT ( 1830-1 850). This was followed by CHEMISCHES-PHARMACEUTISCHES CENTRALBLATT ( 1850- 1856) and CHEMISCHES ZENTRALBLATT (1856- ). ZENTRALBLATT was spelled CENTRALBLATT from 1856 to 1897. The Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft published it from 1897 to 1945. Publication was suspended for a short time in 1945. Then two editions were issued in parallel from 1945 through 1950, one from the Eastern and the other from the Western Zone of Germany; the two editions were combined in 1951 to form a journal sponsored jointly by several scientific societies in each zone. It appears weekly. The usual form of reference to it is CHEM. ZENTR. or CHEM. CENTR." (Crane)

CHEMISCHE ZENTRALBLATT ...... 1830-1 907 ...... $1 ,175.00 CHEMISCHE ZENTRALBLATT ...... 1830-1940...... $4.890.00

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