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Lessed Louis the Most Glorious of Kings Texts Relating to the Cult of Saint Louis of France

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Lessed Louis the Most Glorious of Kings Texts Relating to the Cult of Saint Louis of France leSSed louis The MoSt GloriouS of Kings Texts Relating to the Cult of Saint Louis of France M. Cecilia GAposchkin Translations with Phyllis B. Katz University of Notre Dame Press Notre Dame, Indiana © 2012 University of Notre Dame Copyright © 2012 by University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 www.undpress.nd.edu All Rights Reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blessed Louis, the most glorious of kings : texts relating to the cult of Saint Louis of France / [edited by] M. Cecilia Gaposchkin ; translations with Phyllis B. Katz. p. cm. — (Notre Dame texts in medieval culture) Texts in Latin with English translation; introductory material and study in English. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-0-268-02984-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-268-02984-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) E-ISBN: 978-0-268-08070-9 1. Louis IX, King of France, 1214–1270—Cult—Sources. 2. Church and state—France—History—To 1500—Sources. 3. France—Kings and rulers—Religious aspects—Sources. 4. France—Church history— 987–1515—Sources. I. Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia (Marianne Cecilia), 1970– DC91.A2B54 2012 944'.023092—dc23 2012019012 ∞ The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. © 2012 University of Notre Dame Preface and Acknowledgments Louis IX, king of France between 1226 and 1270 and twice crusader, was canonized in 1297. He was the last king canonized during the me- dieval period, and was both one of the most important saints and the most important kings of the later Middle Ages. This volume presents the first editions and English translations of two little-known but early and important vitae of Saint Louis, as well as the most commonly used liturgical texts composed for Louis’ feast day and two unedited sermons in honor of Louis by the Parisian preacher Jacob of Lausanne (d. 1322). The aim is to present to a diverse readership the Louis as he was known and experienced in the Middle Ages, as a saint celebrated by the faith- ful for his virtue and his deeds. This volume grew out of textual discoveries I made while working on the cult of Saint Louis for an earlier book, which itself grew out of my doctoral research. Thus, the work here would not have been pos- sible without the help I received during my graduate training and in my first years out of graduate school, starting foremost with that of my doctoral advisor, Geoffrey Koziol. Many other generous scholars, men- tors, archivists, librarians, colleagues, and teachers have helped me along the way. I thank them all. For this project, I must single out a few in particular. Without question, the most important is Phyllis B. Katz, who en- deavored to come on board and translate the Latin texts with me. This was a task of unanticipated difficulty, which I would have never under- taken without her. In addition to her generous gifts of time, immense knowledge, and great patience, I thank her for many hours of collabo- rative intellectual rigor and pleasure shared in translation and discus- sion. Further, I thank her for bringing her poet’s talents and instincts vi © 2012 University of Notre Dame Preface and Acknowledgments vii to the liturgical office, the interpretive poetic translations of which are hers alone. I have learned a great deal from her in the process, not only about translation but also about reading and interpreting Latin texts. To Elizabeth A. R. Brown I owe a large debt of intellectual gen- erosity and common interest, as well as a host of archival discoveries, critical challenges, and insights. Sean Field has helped me at every stage, from sitting down with manuscript copies in order to resolve difficult passages, to reading every word of my text, often multiple times. I am fortunate to have him as a colleague, one who shares my overall questions and research interests, and even more fortunate to have him as such a good friend. John Zaleski has edited and revised the text, and has checked and disputed translations. His eye is remarkable, and his instinct for the language of medieval texts is extraordinary. I have been uncommonly fortunate to have had a student who has taught me so much. Patrick Nold took precious time at the Vatican library to consult Vat. Reg. Lat 534 for me, to examine the manuscript itself, and to check my transcription, which had been completed from a microfilm copy. Eric Rice read the materials that deal directly with the liturgy and the music and has been extremely helpful in clarifying my confusions and correcting mistakes. Stan Metheny, though we have never met, has been of great and frequent help with numerous issues involving liturgy. William Chester Jordan, throughout my work on Louis, has been an invaluably generous and accessible authority. Many small issues have been helped by his vast knowledge, and he has answered innumerable queries. Larry Field, at a late date, read through the entire text of the Latin, correcting a number of errors and suggesting no few improvements. I also owe a special debt of gratitude to Charles Briggs, who gen- erously reviewed translations for me in their final stages and caught and corrected a number of mistakes. For all of their suggestions I am deeply grateful. Of course, it goes without saying that all errors here and throughout the text are mine alone. I simply hope that they are not so numerous as to render these texts unhelpful to those whom they might interest. © 2012 University of Notre Dame viii Preface and Acknowledgments Thanks also to Leslie Butler, Robert Bonner, Jane Carroll, Margaret Darrow, Allen Hockley, Richard Kremer, Jennifer Lind, Christopher MacEvitt, Edward Miller, William North, Monika Otter, Daryl Press, Kevin Reinhart, Walter Simons, Andrea Tarnowski, and Thomas Mad- den for their friendship, help, and engagement. As always, words do not exist to properly acknowledge my debt to, and gratefulness for, my family—my mother and father, my brothers, my in-laws, and in particular, my husband Paul and my son Michael. © 2012 University of Notre Dame Abbreviations AH Analecta hymnica medii aevi. Edited by Guido Maria Dreves and Clemens Blume. 55 vols. Leipzig: Fue’s Ver- lag (R. Reisland), 1886– 1922. Reprint, New York: John- son Reprint Corp., 1961. BHL Bibliotheca hagiographica latina antiquae et mediae ae- tatis. Brussels: s.n. 1898; and Henri Fros, ed., Bibliotheca hagiographica Latina antiquae et mediae aetatis: Novum Supplementum (Brussels: Imprimerie Cultura, 1986). Online at http://bhlms.fltr.ucl.ac.be/ BL Beatus Ludovicus (text edited herein) BLQRF Beatus Ludovicus quondam rex Francorum. “Beati lu- dovici vita e veteri lectionario extracta.” In RHF vol. 23, 160– 67. The text can also be found in P. Albanus Heysse, “Antiquissimum officium liturgicum S. Ludovici regis,” Archivum Franciscanum Historicum 10 (1917): 559– 75; and Marcy Epstein, “Ludovicus Decus Regnantium: Per- spectives on the Rhymed Office,” Speculum 53 (1978): 283– 334. (The text is also presented herein.) BNF Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris CCSL Corpus Christianorum: Series latina. Turnhout: Brepols, 1953– . GB Geoffrey of Beaulieu. “Vita et sancta conversatio piae memoriae Ludovici quondam regis Francorum.” In RHF vol. 20, 1– 27. GR Gloriosissimi regis (text edited herein) ix © 2012 University of Notre Dame x Abbreviations HLF Histoire littéraire de la France. 41 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1832– 1974. LDR Ludovicus decus regnantium (text presented herein) PL Patrologia cursus completus: Series latina. Edited by J.-P. Migne. 221 vols. Paris, 1844– 1891. RHF Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France. Edited by Martin Bouquet. 24 vols. Paris, 1738. Reprint, Farn- borough: Gregg Press, 1967. WC William of Chartres. “De vita et actibus inclytae recor- dationis regis Francorum.” In RHF vol. 20, 27– 44. WSP mir Fay, Percival B., ed. Guillaume de Saint-Pathus: Les miracles de saint Louis. Paris: Champion, 1932. WSP sermo H.-François Delaborde. “Une oeuvre nouvelle de Guil- laume de Saint-Pathus.” Bibliothèque de l’École des Chartes 63 (1902): 261– 88. WSP vie Guillaume of Saint-Pathus. Vie de Saint Louis. Edited by H. François Delaborde. Collection de textes pour ser - vir à l’étude et à l’enseignement de l’histoire 27. Paris: A. Picard, 1899. YSD Yves of St.-Denis. “Gesta sancti Ludovici Noni, Franco- rum regis auctore monacho sancti Dionysii anonymo.” In RHF vol. 20, 45– 57. © 2012 University of Notre Dame Manuscript Sigla Gloriosissimi regis A: Vatican Reg Lat 534, 242v– 246r (base manuscript) B: Vienna ÖNB 12807 (9394), 141r– 146r (base manuscript for fifteenth-century expansion) C: Vienna ÖNB 12706 (9367a), 225r– 232v D: Brussels Bibliothèque Royale 197, 25r– 29v (NB: I have opted for four sequential letters here to represent sequential production.) Beatus Ludovicus O: Orleans BM 348, 1r– 18r Sermons of Jacob of Lausaune Rex sapiens P1: Paris BNF Lat 14799, 191rb– 193r (base for Rex sapiens) P2: Paris BNF Lat 14966, Pt II, 25r– 26r V: Vatican Lat 1259, 162va– 164rb Videte regem Salomonem P3: Paris BNF Lat 15962, 25v– 28r (base for the first part of Videte regem and for Videte regem1 in second part of sermon) V1: Vatican Lat 1259, 164r– 167v (base for Videte regem2 in second part of sermon) V2: Vatican Lat 1250, 102r– 104r (Videte regem1) W: Avignon 601, 460r– 462v (Videte regem2) xi © 2012 University of Notre Dame © 2012 University of Notre Dame Introduction Louis IX of France (b. 1214, r. 1226, d. 1270) was canonized in 1297, twenty-seven years after his death in Tunisia while on crusade. Louis was undoubtedly one of the most significant kings of his era, the only king canonized in the thirteenth century and the last saint-king of the Middle Ages.
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