Rive Thesis Final

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Rive Thesis Final DESIGN IN A VIRTUAL INNOVATION ECOLOGY: A Cybernetic Systems Approach to Knowledge Creation and Design Collaboration in Second Life by Peter Bryan Rive A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Design Victoria University of Wellington 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS....................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ 1 GLOSSARY................................................................................................................ 2 CHAPTER 1................................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 4 Background................................................................................................................. 4 The objective of the study........................................................................................... 4 Research questions...................................................................................................... 5 The problem................................................................................................................. 5 The importance of design innovation.......................................................................... 9 Research design......................................................................................................... 13 The limitations of the research design....................................................................... 18 Recent historical examples of virtual world design .................................................. 20 The growth of virtual worlds..................................................................................... 22 The DNA of SL......................................................................................................... 24 Introduction to SL...................................................................................................... 25 Ethics......................................................................................................................... 27 Current gaps in the literature..................................................................................... 27 Second order cybernetics in SL................................................................................. 28 Chapter summaries.................................................................................................... 29 CHAPTER 2.............................................................................................................. 32 LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................... 32 Introduction............................................................................................................... 32 Design innovation...................................................................................................... 33 Design defined........................................................................................................... 36 Innovation defined..................................................................................................... 36 Vision and creativity in design innovation................................................................ 38 Simulation and design innovation............................................................................. 40 Trends in design innovation...................................................................................... 41 The cybernetic context of a virtual innovation ecology ............................................44 Second-order cybernetics and a virtual innovation ecology .....................................45 Co-design and second-order cybernetic KM............................................................ 49 Second-order cybernetics and the intellectual DNA of SL ....................................... 51 Cyberspace and the background to SL...................................................................... 53 Futurism, knowledge creation and imagination ........................................................ 55 Knowledge creation and imagined worlds................................................................ 58 Lessig’s cybernetic knowledge regulation................................................................ 61 Enabling knowledge creation.................................................................................... 65 Motivating knowledge creation................................................................................. 69 The evolution of a new cybernetic model ................................................................. 71 Findings..................................................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER 3.............................................................................................................. 74 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................ 74 Introduction............................................................................................................... 74 Design theory............................................................................................................ 76 Theoretical proposition.............................................................................................. 78 The spectrum of fidelity............................................................................................ 81 Face-to-face fidelity.................................................................................................. 84 Biological models of innovation............................................................................... 84 The biological metaphor of indosymbiosis............................................................... 86 Symbiotic epistemology............................................................................................ 88 3 iii Indosymbiosis............................................................................................................ 90 The cybernetic regulators of indosymbiosis.............................................................. 93 Indosymbiosis – the evolutionary life cycle of an inogism....................................... 95 Table 1 – The life cycle of a design innovation organism, an inogism ..................... 96 Example of indosymbiotic regulation..................................................................... 101 Summary................................................................................................................. 103 CHAPTER 4............................................................................................................ 105 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY................................................... 105 Introduction............................................................................................................. 105 Benefits of an ethnographic case study................................................................... 107 Mediated cyber-ethnography.................................................................................. 112 Components of research design............................................................................... 115 The proposition........................................................................................................ 115 Instrumental case study – the unit of analysis......................................................... 115 Logic of data and proposition linkage..................................................................... 117 Design 2029: The research path.............................................................................. 121 Machinima Design Research................................................................................... 121 Machinima Design Research – summary results.................................................... 127 ‘Design Led Futures’............................................................................................... 128 Design Led Futures results...................................................................................... 132 Initial conclusions from Design Led Futures research............................................ 136 Further research....................................................................................................... 136 The methodology of Design 2029........................................................................... 137 Research data collection.......................................................................................... 138 Quality assurance..................................................................................................... 139 CHAPTER 5............................................................................................................ 140 THE CASE STUDIES............................................................................................. 140 4 iv Case study introduction........................................................................................... 140 An overview
Recommended publications
  • Against Transhumanism the Delusion of Technological Transcendence
    Edition 1.0 Against Transhumanism The delusion of technological transcendence Richard A.L. Jones Preface About the author Richard Jones has written extensively on both the technical aspects of nanotechnology and its social and ethical implications; his book “Soft Machines: nanotechnology and life” is published by OUP. He has a first degree and PhD in physics from the University of Cam- bridge; after postdoctoral work at Cornell University he has held positions as Lecturer in Physics at Cambridge University and Profes- sor of Physics at Sheffield. His work as an experimental physicist concentrates on the properties of biological and synthetic macro- molecules at interfaces; he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006 and was awarded the Institute of Physics’s Tabor Medal for Nanoscience in 2009. His blog, on nanotechnology and science policy, can be found at Soft Machines. About this ebook This short work brings together some pieces that have previously appeared on my blog Soft Machines (chapters 2,4 and 5). Chapter 3 is adapted from an early draft of a piece that, in a much revised form, appeared in a special issue of the magazine IEEE Spectrum de- voted to the Singularity, under the title “Rupturing the Nanotech Rapture”. Version 1.0, 15 January 2016 The cover picture is The Ascension, by Benjamin West (1801). Source: Wikimedia Commons ii Transhumanism, technological change, and the Singularity 1 Rapid technological progress – progress that is obvious by setting off a runaway climate change event, that it will be no on the scale of an individual lifetime - is something we take longer compatible with civilization.
    [Show full text]
  • The Upside of Disruption Megatrends Shaping 2016 and Beyond Contents
    The upside of disruption Megatrends shaping 2016 and beyond Contents 4 Foreword 5 From disruption to megatrends 6 EY on disruption 8 Section 1: Understanding disruption 1. How did disruption become mainstream? 2. How is our understanding of disruption changing? 3. What are the root causes of disruption? 4. Why is responding to disruption so critical? 5. Why is it so difficult to respond to disruption? 6. How do businesses seize the upside of disruption? 7. How does disruption lead to megatrends? 18 Section 2: Megatrends 2016 1. Industry redefined 2. The future of smart 3. The future of work 4. Behavioral revolution 5. Empowered customer 6. Urban world 7. Health reimagined 8. Resourceful planet 52 How will you seize the upside of disruption? The upside of disruption Megatrends shaping 2016 and beyond 3 Foreword From disruption to megatrends Welcome to EY’s The Upside of Disruption. Disruption is As disruption becomes an everyday occurrence, we explore its everywhere and the future is uncertain — no one knows what the primary causes and the megatrends that are shaping our future world will look like even a decade from now. Our response is to help organizations find the opportunity in this challenge and ask: Disruption is fundamentally changing the way the world works. Today’s businesses, how do you seize the upside of disruption? government and individuals are responding to shifts that would have seemed unimaginable even a few years ago. Artificial intelligence and robotics are reinventing This report has been produced by EYQ, a new initiative from EY that will bring the workforce.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Emerging Technology Trends
    Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport DDPS armasuisse Science and Technology Emerging Technology Trends 2015 Thun 2015 Credits Editor Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport DDPS armasuisse Science and Technology Research Management and Operations Research www.armasuisse.ch/wt www.deftech.ch Author Dr. Quentin Ladetto Research Director - Technology Foresight [email protected] Release 1.3 Compiled on Tuesday 21st June, 2016 at 16:43 Front page: Emerging sun - view of the Earth from space Foreword As the rate of development in technology is accelerating and civil investments are pushing boundaries always closer to what was considered science-fiction until recently, the exploitation of dual-use technologies is growing in the defence & security ecosystem. If technology is not the only driver in the evolution of warfare, it is the enabler, not to say the trigger, of most of the changes that occurred at the turning point between generations. For a country like Switzerland, Technology Foresight is paramount to identify the opportuni- ties and threats a technology can represent for the different military capabilities building our national armed forces. Rather than picking winners, the Technology Foresight program must provide a comprehensive overview to ensure an early warning about novel relevant technological advances. Identifying potentialities provides the time to build the necessary competences, skills and expertise, in the various fields. In that sense, Technology Foresight must be an integrated element of the doctrine, planing and procurement processes of the armed forces. Only with this strategic futuristic vision, the Swiss armed forces are able to handle, economi- cally and operatively, the evolutions and challenges to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Personalized Health Care: Opportunities, Pathways, Resources
    Personalized Health Care: Opportunities, Pathways, Resources genomics • health information technology • evidence/clinical delivery September 2007 PERSONALIZED HEALTH CARE: OPPORTUNITIES, PATHWAYS, RESOURCES September 2007 United States Department of Health and Human Services CONTENTS Foreword by HHS Secretary Michael Leavitt...............................................................................................1 Opportunities: Envisioning a New Kind of Health Care .............................................................................3 Challenges: Prerequisites to Achieving Personalized Health Care ..........................................................7 Pathways: Building Blocks of Personalized Health Care...........................................................................9 Resources: HHS Programs Supporting Personalized Health Care .........................................................15 I. Expansion of the Science Base Human Genomics Research............................................................................................................15 Genome-Wide Association Studies .................................................................................................16 Genes, Environment and Health Initiative .......................................................................................18 Human Genome Epidemiology Network..........................................................................................19 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey..........................................................................20
    [Show full text]
  • Inorganic Chemistry for Dummies® Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc
    Inorganic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry by Michael L. Matson and Alvin W. Orbaek Inorganic Chemistry For Dummies® Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permis- sion of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley. com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trade- marks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Building the Cognitive Enterprise: Nine Action Areas
    Research Insights Building the Cognitive Enterprise: Nine Action Areas Core Concepts Australia and New Zealand This Core Concepts Australia and New Zealand document is abridged from the in-depth version, “Building the Cognitive Enterprise: Nine Action Areas, Deep Dive” that also contains full-length case studies. Accelerating your digital transformation for the new normal We are at a tipping point in history where the impact of technology is so significant it can completely transform the way business is done. The convergence of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), automation, Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain and 5G have the power to change business models, reinvent processes, and reimagine the way we all work. IBM calls this the emergence of the Cognitive EnterpriseTM. Add the extraordinary pressures in Australia Accelerating change and New Zealand organisations are facing with current global uncertainties, and we find While most organisations had already significant disruption in nearly every industry, embarked on digital transformations, the with some companies barely surviving and pandemic has made the need for change others thriving. much more urgent, with organisations turning to digital technologies to either help solve Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, pressing issues or scale up for growth. the rate of change has shifted into warp drive. Office towers emptied, with many people still Before the pandemic, the organisations working remotely. Supply chains were broken, seeking major transformations were typically and many businesses are still scrambling to either those struggling or high performers piece them back together. Industries changed ahead of the curve. Now, we are seeing the overnight, with some enjoying sudden booms business performance bell curve turned and others resigned to months or even years upside down, with even greater discrepancy of suppressed demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Soft Machines: Copying Nature's Nanotechnology with Synthetic
    From Fantastic Voyage to Soft Machines: two decades of nanotechnology visions (and some real achievements) Richard Jones University of Sheffield Three visions of nanotechnology… 1. Drexler’s mechanical vision 3. Quantum nanodevices 2. Biological/ soft machines … and two narratives about technological progress Accelerating change… …or innovation stagnation? Who invented nanotechnology? Richard Feynman (1918-1988) Theoretical Physicist, Nobel Laureate “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” - 1959 Robert Heinlein? Norio Taniguchi? Coined the term “nanotechnology” in 1974 Don Eigler? 1994 – used the STM (invented by Binnig & Rohrer) to rearrange atoms “Engines of Creation” K. Eric Drexler 1986 The history of technology : increasing precision and miniaturisation Medieval macro- 19th century precision Modern micro-engineering engineering engineering MEMS device, Sandia Late medieval mine Babbage difference engine, pump, Agricola 1832 Where next? Nanotechnology as “the principles of mechanical engineering applied to chemistry” Ideas developed by K.Eric Drexler Computer graphics and simulation Technical objections to Drexler’s vision Drexler’s Nanosystems: More research required Josh Hall: “Noone has ever found a significant error in the technical argument. Drexler’s detractors in the political argument don’t even talk about it.” • Friction • Uncontrolled mechanosynthesis • Thermodynamic and kinetic stability of nanostructures • Tolerance • Implementation path • Low level mechanosynthesis steps “If x doesn’t work, we’ll just try y”, versus an ever- tightening design space. “Any material you like, as long as it’s diamond” • Nanosystems and subsequent MNT work concentrate on diamond – Strong and stiff (though not quite as stiff as graphite) – H-terminated C (111) is stable wrt surface reconstruction • Potential disadvantages – Not actually the thermodynamic ground state (depends on size and shape - clusters can reconstruct to diamond-filled fullerene onions) – Non-ideal electronic properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Mirror Neurons and Colamus Humanitatem Avances En Psicología Latinoamericana, Vol
    Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana ISSN: 1794-4724 [email protected] Universidad del Rosario Colombia Skoyles, John R. Why our brains cherish humanity: Mirror neurons and colamus humanitatem Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, vol. 26, núm. 1, junio, 2008, pp. 99-111 Universidad del Rosario Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=79926108 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Why our brains cherish humanity: Mirror neurons and colamus humanitatem JOHN R. SKOYLES* Centre for Mathematics and Physics in the Life Sciences and Experimental Biology (CoMPLEX) University College London, London, UK Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science (CNPSS) London School of Economics, London, UK Abstract Resumen Commonsense says we are isolated. After all, our El sentido común dice que estamos aislados. Des- bodies are physically separate. But Seneca’s cola- pués de todo, nuestros cuerpos están separados mus humanitatem, and John Donne’s observation físicamente. Pero la obra Colamus humanitatem that “no man is an island” suggests we are neither de Séneca y la observación de que “ningún hombre entirely isolated nor separate. A recent discovery in es una isla”, que hizo John Donne, sugieren que no neuroscience—that of mirror neurons—argues that estamos ni completamente aislados ni separados. the brain and the mind is neither built nor functions Un descubrimiento reciente de la neurociencia, el remote from what happens in other individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • LENS): Theory, Background, and Introduction
    The Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS): Theory, Background, and Introduction Len Ochs, PhD SUMMARY. This article presents the concepts, operations, and history of the Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS) approach as they are now known and as it has evolved over the past 16 years. The conceptual bases and practical operating principles as described are quite differ- ent from those in traditional neurofeedback. The LENS, as a behavioral neurofeedback applica- tion, often provides the same qualitative outcome as that in traditional neurofeedback, with reduced treatment time. doi:10.1300/J184v10n02_02 [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: <[email protected]> Web- site: <http://www.HaworthPress.com> © 2006 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.] KEYWORDS. Neurofeedback, EEG biofeedback, biofeedback, neurotherapy, LENS, low energy neurofeedback system, EEG, brain stimulation INTRODUCTION Evolution of LENS and Relevant Concepts The Low Energy Neurofeedback System The major implication of this paper is that (LENS) is an EEG biofeedback system used in both the physically and psychologically trau- clinical applications and research in the treat- matized brain has demonstrated vastly greater ment of central nervous system functioning. It capacity for recovery than has previously been is unique in the field of neurofeedback in that appreciated. Secondarily, the LENS appears to instead of only displaying information on a help the traumatized person achieve clearly in- computer screen to assist the patient in condi- creased performance in relatively short periods tioninghealthierbrainwavepatterns,theLENS of time, with a quite non-invasive, low technol- uses weak electromagnetic signals as a carrier ogy procedure.
    [Show full text]
  • Internet of Nano-Things, Things and Everything: Future Growth Trends
    future internet Review Internet of Nano-Things, Things and Everything: Future Growth Trends Mahdi H. Miraz 1 ID , Maaruf Ali 2, Peter S. Excell 3,* and Richard Picking 3 1 Centre for Financial Regulation and Economic Development (CFRED), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; [email protected] 2 International Association of Educators and Researchers (IAER), Kemp House, 160 City Road, London EC1V 2NX, UK; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Art, Science and Technology, Wrexham Glyndwrˆ University, Wrexham LL11 2AW, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-797-480-6644 Received: 22 June 2018; Accepted: 25 July 2018; Published: 28 July 2018 Abstract: The current statuses and future promises of the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE) and Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) are extensively reviewed and a summarized survey is presented. The analysis clearly distinguishes between IoT and IoE, which are wrongly considered to be the same by many commentators. After evaluating the current trends of advancement in the fields of IoT, IoE and IoNT, this paper identifies the 21 most significant current and future challenges as well as scenarios for the possible future expansion of their applications. Despite possible negative aspects of these developments, there are grounds for general optimism about the coming technologies. Certainly, many tedious tasks can be taken over by IoT devices. However, the dangers of criminal and other nefarious activities, plus those of hardware and software errors, pose major challenges that are a priority for further research. Major specific priority issues for research are identified.
    [Show full text]
  • Ray Kurzweil Reader Pdf 6-20-03
    Acknowledgements The essays in this collection were published on KurzweilAI.net during 2001-2003, and have benefited from the devoted efforts of the KurzweilAI.net editorial team. Our team includes Amara D. Angelica, editor; Nanda Barker-Hook, editorial projects manager; Sarah Black, associate editor; Emily Brown, editorial assistant; and Celia Black-Brooks, graphics design manager and vice president of business development. Also providing technical and administrative support to KurzweilAI.net are Ken Linde, systems manager; Matt Bridges, lead software developer; Aaron Kleiner, chief operating and financial officer; Zoux, sound engineer and music consultant; Toshi Hoo, video engineering and videography consultant; Denise Scutellaro, accounting manager; Joan Walsh, accounting supervisor; Maria Ellis, accounting assistant; and Don Gonson, strategic advisor. —Ray Kurzweil, Editor-in-Chief TABLE OF CONTENTS LIVING FOREVER 1 Is immortality coming in your lifetime? Medical Advances, genetic engineering, cell and tissue engineering, rational drug design and other advances offer tantalizing promises. This section will look at the possibilities. Human Body Version 2.0 3 In the coming decades, a radical upgrading of our body's physical and mental systems, already underway, will use nanobots to augment and ultimately replace our organs. We already know how to prevent most degenerative disease through nutrition and supplementation; this will be a bridge to the emerging biotechnology revolution, which in turn will be a bridge to the nanotechnology revolution. By 2030, reverse-engineering of the human brain will have been completed and nonbiological intelligence will merge with our biological brains. Human Cloning is the Least Interesting Application of Cloning Technology 14 Cloning is an extremely important technology—not for cloning humans but for life extension: therapeutic cloning of one's own organs, creating new tissues to replace defective tissues or organs, or replacing one's organs and tissues with their "young" telomere-extended replacements without surgery.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Ethology Bulletin
    Human Ethology Bulletin http://evolution.anthro.univie.ac.at/ishe.html VOLUME 17, ISSUE 3 ISSN 0739-2036 SEPTEMBER 2002 © 2001 The lntenzational Society for Human Ethology ]oie de Vivre in Montreal! The ISHE conference programincluded plenary speakers Filippo Aurelli, Barry Bogin, Sarah Hrdy, and Carol van Schaik, as well as symposia, papers, and posters addressing numerous topics within the general domain of Human Ethology. Despite sessions that extended into the evening hours, the talks were all well attended by about 80-100 members. See pages inside for more details and conference photos. BALLOT FOR OFFICER ELECTIONS VICE-PRESIDENT/ PRESIDENT ELECT Glenn Weisfeld Write In: _ MEMBERSHIP CHAIR ___ Astrid Juette Write In: _ Old Montreal was the site of the 16th Biennial Conference of the International Society for Human Ethology from August 7 through Send ballot by mail or e-mail to: Saturday, August 10. The city lived up to its reputation as one of North Americas most beautiful and entertaining cities, renowned for its Frank Salter, ISHE Secretary gourmet dining and bustling nightlife. Max Planck Society Members were treated to four excellent plenary Von-der-Tann-Str.3 addresses that provided much food for thought, 82346 Andechs as well as foUl surnptuous luncheons served at the Germany Hotel de Gouverneur, topped off with a Saturday E-mail: salter@bumanethologiede evening banquet at the historic Pierre du Calvet in the heart of the old port, pictured above. HumanEthology Bulletin, 17 (3), 2002 2 Society News Editorial Staff I. Minutes of the ISHE Board Meeting Editor Peter LaFreniere Submitted by ISHE Secretary Frank Salter 362 Little Hall 1h Department of Psychology Gouveneur Hotel, Montreal, 6 August 2002 University of Maine Orono, ME 04469 USA tel.
    [Show full text]