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Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution

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Report of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution Q 11 S66 CRLSSI IMPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1931 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON D. C. UUB EAHt, g REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30 1931 $vfc'iSc$ 3\\3 # Pi (Publication 3128) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1931 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 20 cents . CONTENTS Page List of officials v The Smithsonian Institution 1 Outstanding events of the year 1 The establishment 2 The Board of Regents 3 Finances 3 Matters of general interest 7 Presentation of Langley Medal to Manly and Byrd 7 Smithsonian Scientific Series 8 Researches in European archives 9 Cooperative ethnological and archeological investigations 10 Explorations and field work 11 Publications 11 Library 12 Governmentally supported branches 13 National Museum 13 National Gallery of Art 15 Freer Gallery of Art x 15 Bureau of American Ethnology 16 International Exchanges 17 National Zoological Park 17 Astrophysical Observatory 1 18 Division of Radiation and Organisms 19 International Catalogue of Scientific Literature 20 Necrology 20 Appendix 1. Report on the United States National Museum 22 2. Report on the National Gallery of Art 43 3. Report on the Freer Gallery of Art 54 4. Report on the Bureau of American Ethnology 60 5. Report on the International Exchange Service 75 6. Report on the National Zoological Park 86 7 Report on the Astrophysical Observatory 117 8. Report on the Division of Radiation and Organisms 125 9. Report on the International Catalogue of Scientific Litera- ture 138 10. Report on the library 140 11. Report on publications 152 i In part governmentally supported. Ill THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION June 30, 1931 Presiding officer ex officio.—Hebbebt Hooves, President of the United States. Chancellor.—Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States. Members of the Institution: Hebbebt Hoover, President of the United States. Chables Curtis, "Vice President of the United States. Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States. Henby L. Stimson, Secretary of State. Andeew W. Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury. Patbick J. Hurley, Secretary of War. William D. Mitchell, Attorney General. Walter F. Beown, Postmaster General. Charles Feancis Adams, Secretary of the Navy. Ray Lyman Wilbue, Secretary of the Interior. Abthue M. Hyde, Secretary of Agriculture. Robert P. Lamont, Secretary of Commerce. William N. Doak, Secretary of Labor. Regents of the Institution: Charles Evans Hughes, Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor. Chables Cuetis, Vice President of the United States. Reed Smoot, member of the Senate. Joseph T. Robinson, Member of the Senate. Claude A. Swanson, Member of the Senate. Albeet Johnson, Member of the House of Representatives. R. Walton Mooke, Member of the House of Representatives. Robert Luce, Member of the House of Representatives. Ibwin B. Laughlin, citizen of Pennsylvania. Fbedeeio A. Delano, citizen of Washington, D. C. John C. Meeeiam, citizen of Washington, D. C. Executive committee.—Fkedebic A. Delano, R. Walton Moobe, John C. Meb- RIAM. Secretary.—Charles G. Abbot. Assistant Secretary.—Alexander Wetmore. Chief Clerk and administrative assistant to the Secretary.—Habby W. Doesey. Treasurer and disbursing agent.—Nicholas W. Dobsey. Editor.—Websteb P. Teue. Librarian.—William L. Cobbin. Appointment clerk.—James G. Tbayloe. Property clerk.—James H. Hill. v VI THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NATIONAL MUSEUM Assistant Secretary (in charge).—Alexander Wetmore. Associate director.—John E. Graf. Administrative assistant to the Secretary.—William de C. Ravenel. Head curators.—Walter Hough, Leon hard Stejneger, Ray S. Bassler. Curators.—Paul Bartsch, Ray S. Bassler, Theodore T. Belote, Austin H. Clark, Frederick V. Coville, W. F. Foshag, Herbert Friedmann, Charles W. Gilmore, Walter Hough, Leland O. Howard, Ales Hrdlicka, Neil M. Judd, Herbert W. Krieger, Frederick L. Lewton, Gerrit S. Miller, Jr., Carl W. Mitman, Charles E. Resser, Waldo L. Schmitt, Leonhard Stejneger. Associate curators.—John M. Aldrich, Chester G. Gilbert, Ellsworth P. Killip, William R. Maxon, Charles W. Richmond, David White. Chief of correspondence and documents.—Herbert S. Bryant. Disbursing agent.—Nicholas W. Dorsey. Superintendent of buildings and labor.—James S. Goldsmith. Editor.—Paul H. Oehser. Assistant Librarian.—Leila G. Forbes. Photographer.—Arthur J. Olmsted. Property clerk.—William A. Knowles. Engineer.—Clayton R. Denmark. NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART Director.—William H. Holmes. FREER GALLERY OF ART Curator.—John Ellerton Lodge. Associate curator.—Carl Whiting Bishop. Assistant curator.—Grace Dunham Guest. Associate.—Katharine Nash Rhoades. Assistant.—Archibald G. Wenley. Superin tenden t. —John Bundy. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY Chief.—Matthew W. Stirling. Ethnologists.—John P. Harrington, John N. B. Hewitt, Truman Michelson, John R. Swanton, William D. Strong. Archeologist.—Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr. Associate Anthropologist.—Winslow M. Walker. Editor.—Stanley Searles. Librarian.—Ella Leary. Illustrator.—De Lancey Gill. INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGES Secretary (in charge).—Charles G. Abbot. Chief clerk.—Coates W. Shoemaker. NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK Director.—William M. Mann. Assistant director.—Ernest P. Walker. THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION VII ASTROPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY Director.—Charles G. Abbot. Assistant director.—Loyal B. Aldrich. Research assistant.—Frederick E. Fowle, Jr. Associate research assistant.—William H. Hoover. DIVISION OF RADIATION AND ORGANISMS Chief.—Frederick S. Brackett. Research associate.—Earl S. Johnson. Associate research assistant.—E. D. MoAlister. Research assistant.—Leland B. Clark. a REGIONAL BUREAU FOR THE UNITED STATES, INTERNATIONAL CATALOGUE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE Assistant in charge.—Leonard C. Gunnell. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION C. G. Abbot FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1931 To the Boar>d of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution: Gentlemen: I have the honor to submit herewith my report showing the activities and condition of the Smithsonian Institution and the Government bureaus under its administrative charge dur- ing the fiscal year ended June 30, 1931. The first 21 pages contain a summary account of the affairs of the Institution. Appendixes 1 to 11 give more detailed reports of the operations of the United States National Museum, the National Gallery of Art, the Freer Gallery of Art, the Bureau of American Ethnology, the Interna- tional Exchanges, the National Zoological Park, the Astrophysical Observatory, the Division of Radiation and Organisms, the United States Regional Bureau of the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, the Smithsonian library, and of the publications issued under the direction of the Institution. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE YEAR An appropriation of $10,000 was made by the Congress for pre- liminary architectural plans of the extensions to the Natural History Building of the United States National Museum authorized by Con- gress last year. The new reptile house of the Zoological Park was completed and formally opened to the public on February 27, 1931. A reorganization of several exhibition halls of the Arts and Indus- tries Building of the National Museum has added greatly to the attractiveness of the exhibits of costumes, coins and stamps, and machinery. A small souvenir guide to the Institution and its branches has been published privately by the Smithsonian and seems highly appreciated by visitors. For unity of policy, greater effi- ciency, and simplification of records and accounts, the separate edi- torial staffs of the Smithsonian, the National Museum, and the Bu- l 2 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 31 reau of American Ethnology have been consolidated -under one gen- eral management and the offices brought closely together. Two ex- ceptionally valuable publications, The Skeletal Remains of Early Man, by A. Hrdlicka, and A History of Applied Entomology, by L. O. Howard, were completed. A bequest netting approximately $50,000 has been received from the estate of the late James Arthur. Its income is to be used for promoting knowledge of the sun. A friend of the Institution has announced to it a large intended bequest to promote and reward original investigation. Numerous valuable re- search and collecting expeditions by the National Museum, the Bu- reau of American Ethnology, and the Zoological Park have returned highly successful. Accounts of their results will be found below. A gigantic dinosaur, Diplodocus longus, 75 feet long, whose skeleton has been in preparation for several years, has been placed on exhi- bition. Improved methods of solar radiation research have been perfected and applied in connection with the observing stations at Table Mountain, Calif., and Mount Brukkaros, Southwest Africa. Volume V of the Annals of the Astrophysical Observatory, con- taining all results of the years 1920 to 1930, inclusive, on the meas- urement of solar radiation has been sent to press. The numerous variations of the sun since the year 1920 are represented by monthly mean values whose average probable error is less than 0.1 per cent. Long-continuing regular periodicities in solar variation are demon- strated. Highly accurate results on the spectral distribution of phototropism in plants have been obtained by the Division of Radia- tion and Organisms. By cooperative work with the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, excellent results on the absorption of pure organic chemicals in the
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