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Methods of Effective Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Bronchial Asthma

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Methods of Effective Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Bronchial Asthma BioMedicine Volume 10 Issue 1 Article 1 2020 Methods of effective low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma Follow this and additional works at: https://www.biomedicinej.com/biomedicine Part of the Life Sciences Commons, and the Medical Sciences Commons This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Recommended Citation Moskvin, Sergey Vladimirovich and Khadartsev, Aleksandr A. (2020) "Methods of effective low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma," BioMedicine: Vol. 10 : Iss. 1 , Article 1. DOI: 10.37796/2211-8039.1000 This Review Articles is brought to you for free and open access by BioMedicine. It has been accepted for inclusion in BioMedicine by an authorized editor of BioMedicine. Methods of effective low-level laser therapy in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma REVIEW ARTICLE (literature review) Sergey Vladimirovich Moskvin a,*, Aleksandr Agubechirovich Khadartsev b a O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Center of Laser Medicine under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 121165, Russia b Medical Institute, Tula State University, Tula, 300028, Russia Abstract Bronchial asthma is an autoimmune disease, one of the most common and practically non-treatable by standard methods. At present, the used drugs only maintain a state of temporary remission, simultaneously having a negative effect on various organs and structures and causing side effects. At the same time, the experts have ignored more than 50 years of successful experience of low-level laser therapy, the results of hundreds of studies proving the effectiveness of the method in treating patients with all forms of bronchial asthma. It is proved that therapeutic and periodic (2e4 per year) courses of low-level laser therapy can significantly decrease the frequency and severity of attacks, reduce or cancel the reception of medicines, as well as negative conse- quences. In this brief review, only some part of studies is given as an example; pediatrics issues are almost not discussed. However, the review clearly demonstrates that various methods of laser illumination (specific techniques are given) make it possible to influence almost all the known pathogenesis of the disease, and low-level laser therapy is a truly effective method of treatment. We note that there are very few publications published on the topic outside of Russia. Russian scientists, as always, are ahead of world science and low-level laser therapy practice. Keywords: bronchial asthma, low-level laser therapy ronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most 10e15% of children) [3]. Many patients have B common diseases of the respiratory system in pronounced hormone dependence and/or various children and adults. The life-long progression, the hormone-related disorders. Reduced levels of high rate of aggravation and the often serious cortisol, testosterone, DHEA-s and estrogen in condition at the height of an asthma attack, the patients with asthma below the normal range are limited occupational aptitude and other charac- prognostic criteria for the deterioration of their teristics increase the social significance of the quality of life [4,5]. disease. According to the latest epidemiological Regardless of the severity, BA is a chronic in- studies, more than 339 million people in the flammatory disease of the respiratory passages world suffer from BA [1]; 7.5% of the population (RPs), occurring with the participation of mast cells, in the USA is afflicted with it, of which 1.8 million eosinophils and T-lymphocytes, the release of a large number of inflammatory mediators (Fig. 1). people are hospitalized annually [2]. In Russia, Inflammation of the RPs causes their hyperreactiv- according to epidemiological studies, asthma af- ity, bronchial obstruction, and respiratory symp- e fects about 7 million people (5 7% of adults and toms. With hyperactivity RPs narrow too easily and/ Received 12 July 2019; accepted 11 September 2019. Available online 28 March 2020 * Corresponding author at: O.K. Skobelkin State Scientific Centre of Laser Medicine under the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Studencheskaya str., 40, Moscow, 121165, Russia. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.V. Moskvin). https://doi.org/10.37796/2211-8039.1000 0360-3199/Published by China Medical University 2020. © the Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 2 S.V. MOSKVIN, A.A. KHADARTSEV BioMedicine LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY 2020;10:1e20 REVIEW ARTICLE Fig. 1. Inflammation plays the central role in BA pathogenesis. or strongly in response to the influence of provoking when consuming high dosages. The resulting sys- factors. Bronchial obstruction is caused by the temic absorption often leads to a blockade of the following mechanisms: acute bronchospasm, edema hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system and the of the bronchial wall, obstruction by mucus and development of complications such as glaucoma, remodeling of the bronchial wall. Recurrent exac- cataracts, osteoporosis and various skin lesions erbations of asthma are based on inflammation of [6e11]. the bronchi, their remodeling and impaired neuro- The development of intoxication and hypoxia, genic control. An exacerbation of BA is associated which impede the normal functioning of the im- with increased inflammation of the RPs and can be mune system, is of great importance in BA patho- induced by a respiratory infection, exposure to al- genesis. The effect of endotoxins on neutrophils is lergens, or occupational sensitizing factors. Atopy, determined by the severity of all bronchopulmonary the production of excess IgE in response to exposure diseases, including bronchial asthma. The greatest to exogenous allergens, is an important factor pre- changes concern molecules of average weight, disposing to the development of BA [3]. circulating immune complexes (CIC), lipid peroxi- According to most experts, for successful treat- dation (LPO) and the toxicity index [12,13]. The ment of patients with asthma, it is sufficient to increased content of endotoxins in the blood of properly divide patients according to the disease asthma patients leads to a violation of the albumin- severity and adjust drug dosages and prescribed binding capacity and increased intoxication, as evi- regimens for b2-agonists and systemic or inhaled denced by a sharp increase in the albumin toxicity glucocorticosteroids (GCS) that have remained for index [12]. The involvement of histamine and sero- decades [2]. However, there has only been an in- tonin in BA pathogenesis is generally recognized crease in the number of patients throughout the [14]. The asthma exacerbation phase is characterized world, and so far not a single patient has really been by increased histamine and serotonin levels in the cured, i.e., no asthma attacks have been cured blood and plasma, which is accompanied by the permanently. The task is only to provide emergency development of an intense allergic reaction, reduced care [3]. The situation is complicated by the side phagocytic ability (both in phagocytic number and effects that all drugs have. Even the use of inhaled phagocytic index) and an increased number of NBT- corticosteroids comes with side effects, especially positive neutrophils [12]. BioMedicine S.V. MOSKVIN, A.A. KHADARTSEV 3 2020;10:1e20 LOW-LEVEL LASER THERAPY A ramified chain of events plays a significant role practice guidelines include almost all known in the pathogenesis of asthma, depending on the methods: exposure to LILI in the projection of the functioning of almost all cellular elements of pe- thymus, adrenal glands, carotid sinus and Zakhar- ripheral blood. The number of normal discocytes yin-Ged zones, laser acupuncture, as well as intra- decreases; the abnormal shapes of erythrocytes with venous laser blood illumination (ILBI) with red REVIEW ARTICLE high cholesterol content on the membrane pre- (635 nm wavelength) spectrum, and extracorporeal dominate; their deformability decreases, and their ultraviolet blood illumination (UVBI) [27,28]. aggregation ability increases [15,16]. The percentage Laser therapy should be considered as a multi- of abnormal shapes of erythrocytes (echinocytes, component and pathogenetically substantiated teardrop-shaped and target cells, ovalocytes and treatment of asthma patients, enabling the reversal spherocytes) grows against the background of a of the main symptoms of the disease more quickly decrease in the number of discocytes and an in- with an earlier cancellation or reduction of the drug crease in the total number of immature re- dosage. These measures contribute to the complete ticulocytes, resulting in the impaired oxygen recovery of electrophoregrams, rapid reduction of transport function of the blood and increased hyp- the elevated sialic acid, seromucoid and cerulo- oxia [17]. plasmin level and enhanced kinin-kallikrein system According to our data, the main links of the activity. After the LLLT course, a more pronounced mechanism of therapeutic action in comprehensive positive dynamics is observed in the external low-level laser therapy (LLLT) include the reduction respiration function (a decrease in the phenomena of side effects in the form of local or systemic re- of bronchial obstruction). In addition to a faster actions, the improvement in the indicators of onset and lengthening of remission periods, LLLT external respiratory function (ERF) and central he- allows the body resistance to colds and meteoro- modynamics, positive immune
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