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2005-Bulletin BULLETIN of the SOUTH CAROLINA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE INCLUDING 2005 MEETING PROGRAM VOLUME LXVII 2005 Errata: Printed copies of the 2004 Bulletin were incorrectly labeled as volume “LXIV”. The correct volume designation for the 2004 Bulletin was “LXVI” The South Carolina Academy of Science, together with the South Carolina Junior Academy of Science, is the only statewide interdisciplinary science organization whose membership includes: high school students, teachers, administrators, college students, professors, scientists, related professionals, parents of students, college presidents, business executives, small and large businesses, financial institutions, and institutions of higher education. Its purposes are: · To promote the creation and dissemination of scientific knowledge within the state of South Carolina by stimulating scientific research and publication. · To improve the quality of science education in the state of South Carolina. · To foster the interaction of business, industry, government, education and the academic scientific community. · To improve public understanding and appreciation of science through support of the Junior Academy of Science. · To encourage young people to become involved in science through support of the Junior Academy of Science. The South Carolina of Science (SCAS) was organized in 1924, and in 1927 the Academy affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication of the Bulletin of the Academy began in 1935, and in 1973 the Newsletter was established as a vehicle for communication among members. Beginning in the 1960’s, industry and business joined academic institutions in support of the Academy and have helped to set goals to aid and improve the development of science in South Carolina. Its annual meetings provide a forum for the exchange of scientific information among members. Sponsorship of numerous awards, science programs and student research projects are yearly activities of the Academy. i CONTENTS OFFICERS, COUNCIL MEMBERS ............................................ Inside Front Cover PURPOSE OF THE ACADEMY .............................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................... ii PRESIDENT’S WELCOME ..................................................................................... 1 TEACHER OF THE YEAR RECIPIENTS .............................................................. 2 2004 TEACHER OF THE YEAR................................................................... 3 GOVERNOR’S AWARD RECIPIENTS ................................................................... 5 2004 EXCELLENCE IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ................................... 6 2004 EXCELLENCE IN SCIENCE AWARENESS ..................................... 8 MEETING AND AWARD SPONSORS ................................................................... 9 MEETING SCHEDULE ........................................................................................... 10 TOPICAL SESSIONS ............................................................................................... 11 FIELD BIOLOGY .......................................................................................... 11 CELLULAR BIOLOGY.................................................................................. 12 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY .............................................................................. 13 MATH/COMPUTER SCIENCE .................................................................... 14 MEDICINE/PUBLIC HEALTH .................................................................... 14 MEDICINE/PHARMACY .............................................................................. 15 CHEMISTRY.................................................................................................. 18 BIOCHEMISTRY ........................................................................................... 18 GEOGRAPHY/GEOLOGICAL SCIENCE .................................................... 19 PHYSICS ........................................................................................................ 20 ASTRONOMY ................................................................................................ 21 SOCIAL SCIENCES ...................................................................................... 22 POSTER PRESENTATIONS ................................................................................... 23 JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ABSTRACTS ................................................. 26 ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ABSTRACTS ................................................................. 59 SOUTH CAROLINA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ANNUAL REPORTS ............... 117 PRESIDENT’S REPORT / 2006 ANNUAL MEETING ............................. 118 SECRETARY’S REPORT ............................................................................ 119 TREASURER’S REPORT ............................................................................ 126 JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE TRUST FUND .................................. 128 LEGISLATIVE FUNDS REPORT .............................................................. 128 UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH AWARDS COMMITTEE .................... 129 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE (NAAS) DELEGATES ....................................................... 130 MIDDLE/ELEMENTARY SCHOOL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE (MESAS) .............................................................................. 131 continued ii CONTENTS SOUTH CAROLINA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ANNUAL REPORTS ............... 117 SOUTH CAROLINA SCIENCE & ENGINEERING FAIRS 2004 ............ 138 INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING GRAND WINNER 2002 & 2003 ................................................... 141 DISCOVERY CHANNEL YOUNG SCIENTIST CHALLENGE ............... 160 CERTIFIED METRICATION SPECIALIST (CMS) PROGRAM .............. 164 SCAS SOAPBOX DERBY 2004 STOCK DIVISION .................................. 166 SOUTH CAROLINA JUNIOR ACADEMY OF SCIENCE REPORT ........ 168 SOUTH CAROLINA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE MEMBERS .............................. 169 AUTHOR INDEX .................................................................................................... 182 JOURNAL OF THE SOUTH CAROLINA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE ................ 186 SCAS WEB SITE: ................................................................................................... 186 PAST PRESIDENTS ....................................................................... inside back cover SCAS President Encourages Membership It is with great pleasure and anticipation that I look forward to serving you as president of The South Carolina Academy of Science (SCAS). On behalf of the Academy of Science I am writing to express to you our deepest appreciation for your support of the activities of the SCAS through your donations and membership in the Academy. The Academy is dedicated to raising the level of science education in South Carolina and to promoting research and the transmission of knowledge within the State. Founded in 1924, the South Carolina Academy of Science is the only statewide interdisciplinary science organization whose membership includes high school students, teachers and administrators, college students, professors, scientists, related professionals, parents of students, college presidents, business executives, small and large businesses, financial institutions, and institutions of higher education. One reason for this broad spectrum of support for the Academy is that individually and collectively, we share a deep commitment to promote research and to stimulate the creative abilities of senior scientists and the youth of our State. On behalf of the Academy, I invite your continued support as a SCAS member and ask that you recruit a new member. By renewing your membership and by recruiting a new member, you enable the Academy to continue and extend its outreach through sponsored activities. These activities provide enrichment opportunities for students at all levels, as well as for faculty, scientists, and parents. Current outreach activities are limited by available funds; this is where you can help by renewing your membership. Consider making an additional contribution to support our outreach programs, thus allowing more students to be involved. Sincerely, Dr. David J. Stroup President 1 SOUTH CAROLINA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE TEACHERS OF THE YEAR John D. Bernard, 1970 .................................................. Lower Richard High School Major C. Rhodes, 1972 ..................................................... Spartanburg High School Troy Bridges, 1972 ........................................................... Spartanburg High School Elizabeth Reagan, 1974 ...................................................... J. L. Mann High School Katherine J. Farnell, 1975 ............................................ Spring Valley High School William J. Hilton,Jr,1976 ...................................................... Fort Mill High School Margaret W. Cain, 1977 ........................................................... Sumter High School Carline Bowers, 1978 ..................................................... Spring Valley High School Naomi Seifert, 1979 ......................................................... Spartanburg High School Maxine Moore, 1980 ......................................................... Spartanburg High School Elizabeth Lashley, 1981 ................................................. D.W. Daniels High School Lucretia
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