Sacrifice and Redemption in the Hamburg Miscellany Miscellany Hamburg the in Redemption and Sacrifice Ph.D
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Zsófia Buda Sacrifice and Redemption in the Hamburg Miscellany The Illustrations of a Fifteenth-century Ashkenazi Manuscript Ph.D. dissertation in Medieval Studies Central European University Budapest CEU eTD Collection April 2012 CEU eTD Collection II TABLE OF CONTENT HEBREW TRANSLITERATION ................................................V ABBREVIATIONS ................................................V LIST OF FIGURES .............................................VII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................XV INTRODUCTION .................................................1 I. THE CODEX ...............................................12 I. 1. Content 12 I. 1. 1. Prayer book 13 I. 1. 2. Calendar manual 14 I. 1. 3. Texts for the Ninth of Av 15 I. 1. 4. Minhagim book 16 I. 2. Codicological and paleographical features 17 I. 2. 1. Codicology 17 I. 2. 2. Numeration 20 I. 2. 3. Binding 21 I. 2. 4. Punctuation 22 I. 2. 5. Scripts 22 I. 2. 6. Glosses 26 I. 2. 7. Scribe, dating, and ownership 28 I. 3. The illumination of the manuscript 34 I. 3. 1. Decoration program 35 I. 3. 2. Stylistic features of the manuscript 37 I. 4. Homogeneity 50 I. 5. Isaac bar Simhah Gansman 52 II. ICONOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS ...............................................56 II. 1. Rosh ha-Shanah 56 Fol. 1r: Day of Judgment—Sacrifice of Isaac 56 II. 2. Sukkot 74 Fol. 9r: Hoshanah Rabbah 74 II. 3. The Haggadah for Pesah (fols. 22v-40v) 76 CEU eTD Collection II. 3. 1. Ritual illustrations 79 II. 3. 2. Midrashic illustrations 101 II. 3. 3. Biblical-eschatological scenes 114 II. 3. 4. Conclusion 164 II. 4. Shavuot 168 III II. 5. A piyyut for Hanukkah 177 II. 6. A piyyut for wedding 205 II. 7. Lamentations for the Ninth of Av 207 II. 8. Conclusion 228 III. JEWISH-CHRISTIAN CLOSENESS—JEWISH CHRISTIAN DISTANCE .................... 229 CONCLUSION 242 APPENDIX .............................................248 A. 1. Collation 248 A. 2. Content 253 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................265 Unpublished primary sources—Jewish Manuscripts 265 Unpublished primary sources—Christian Manuscripts 270 Published primary sources 272 Secondary literature 273 CEU eTD Collection IV HEBREW TRANSLITERATION silent/appropriate vowel א b/v בּ/ב g ג d ד h ה w/appropriate vowel ו h ח t ט y/i י kh/k כּ/כ l ל m מ s ס silent/appropriate vowel ע f/p פּ/פ tz צ q ק r ר שׁ sh שׂ s t ת ABBREVIATIONS BJRUL Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester BL British Library BnF Bibliothèque nationale de France BP Bibliotheca Palatina BR Bereshit Rabbah (Genesis Rabbah) BSB Bayerische Staatsbibliothek EJ Encyclopaedia Judaica. CD-ROM Edition Version 1.0, Copyright © 1997.Judaica Multimedia (Israel), Text Copyright © Keter Publishing House. CEU eTD Collection HIM Hebrew Illuminated Manuscripts HLHB Hessische Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek HUC Hebrew Union College HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual V IM Israel Museum JJA/JA Journal of Jewish Art/Jewish Art JNUL Jewish National and University Library JTS Jewish Theological Seminary MhG Midrash ha-Gadol MMW Museum Meermanno-Westreenianum MTA Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences) ÖNB Österreichische Nationalbibliothek PML Pierpont Morgan Library RGALI Russian State Archive of Literature and Art PRE Pirqei de-Rabbi Eliezer SUB Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek TM Textus Masoreticus UB Universitätsbibliothek CEU eTD Collection VI LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Hamburg Miscellany, quires V8 +1, IX10-1, and XXVI8-1 Figs. 2-6. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 70v, 188r, 189r, 192r, 193v: Tetragrammaton Figs. 7-8. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 17r and 158r: Anticipating the beginning of the word Figs. 9-10. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 58v and 143r: Dilatation of the horizontal bar Fig. 11. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 97v: Shortening a word by omitting the last letters Figs. 12-13. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 90r and 166v: The last word at a distance in the margin Figs, 14-15. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 6v and 179r: Last letters in a smaller format Figs. 16-17. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 42r and 153r: Writing the last letters/word vertically Fig. 18. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 172v: Dividing the word Figs. 19-22. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 31v, 89v, 156v, and 198v: Catchwords Figs, 23-26. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 1r, 41r, 123r, 193r: Methods of abbreviation Figs. 27-30. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 70v, 137v, 124v, and 15v: Methods of correction Fig. 31. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 143r: Indication of another version Figs. 32-36. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 77r, 192v, 125v, 191v, and 131r: Words with emphasis Fig. 37. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 205r: Colophon Fig. 38. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 205r: Owner’s inscription, Jacob bar Jonathan ha-Levi Figs. 39-41. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 4v, 136v, 192r: the name Isaac decorated Fig. 42. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 143r: the word, etzaq decorated Fig. 43. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 122r: Chart with the name, Isaac bar Simhah Gansman; owner’s inscription; Yiddish marginal note Fig. 44. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 35v: The Coming of the Messiah Fig. 45. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: The Sacrifice of Isaac and the Day of Judgment Fig. 46. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 29v: Crossing the Red Sea Fig. 47. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 49v: The Israelites waiting for the Torah at the foot of Mount Sinai Figs. 48-50. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: Day of Judgment, details Figs. 51-53. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 29v: Crossing the Red Sea, details CEU eTD Collection Figs. 54-59. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 24v, 25v, 26v, 31v, 80r, 161v: Faces Figs. 60-62. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 26v, 27r, 154r: Details of the background: mountains Figs. 63-64. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 25v and 79r: Details of the background: flowers Figs. 65-66. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 26v: Details of the background: rabbits VII Figs. 67-69. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 154r: Details of the background: rabbits Figs. 70-72. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 27v, 81r, 154r: Castles Figs. 73-75. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 167v, 31r, 28r: Architectural structures Figs. 76-80. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 27r, 79v, 168v, 79r, 24r: Details of clothing with fur and golden embellishment Figs. 81-82. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 27r and 29v: Pharaoh and his men Figs. 83-84. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 27r and 32r: Marching Israel Figs. 85-90. Hamburg Miscellany, fols. 24v, 27v, 79r, 154r, 167v, 168v: Faces Fig. 91. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 44v: Initial-word panel with penwork decoration Fig. 92. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 48v: Initial-word panel with penwork decoration Fig. 93. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 169r: Initial-word panel with penwork decoration Fig. 94. Rylands Ashkenazi Haggadah, Manchester, John Rylands Library, cod. hebr. 7, fol. 33r: Coming of the Messiah Fig. 95. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 28r: Man with pointed hat with a kerchief Fig. 96. Deutsche Historienbibel, Dresden, Sächsische Landesbibliothek—Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek, Mscr. Dresd. A.50, fol. 73: Man with pointed hat with a kerchief Fig. 97. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 28r: Fish in the river Fig. 98. Elsässische Legenda aurea, Heidelberg, UB, Cod. Pal. germ. 144, fol. 13r: Fish in the river Fig. 99. Elsässische Legenda aurea, Heidelberg, UB, Cod. Pal. germ. 144, fol. 13r: Castle in the background Fig. 100. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 28r: Castle in the background Fig. 101. Elsässische Legenda Aurea, Heidelberg, UB, Cod. Pal. germ. 144, fol. 19r: Execution of St Margrede Fig. 102. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 79r: Execution of Eleazar Fig. 103. Heinrich von Mügeln, Der meide Kranz, Heidelberg, UB, Cod. Pal. germ. 14, fol. 2v: Personifications of Virtues and Arts Fig. 104. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1: Sacrifice of Isaac and the Day of Judgment Fig. 105. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: Isaac upon the altar Fig. 106. Birds’ Head Haggadah, Jerusalem, IM, MS 180/57, fol. 15v: Isaac upon the altar CEU eTD Collection Fig. 107. Pentateuch, Oxford, BL, MS Opp. 14, fol. 120r: Isaac upon the altar Fig. 108. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: Ram Fig. 109. Golden Haggadah, London, BL, MS Add. 27210, fol. 4v: Ram Fig. 110. Bible paraphrase, Vienna, ÖNB, cod. 2774, fol. 21v: Ram VIII Fig. 111. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: Isaac and an angel Fig. 112. Second Nuremberg Haggadah, Jerusalem, Schocken Library, MS 24087, fol. 31v: Isaac Fig. 113. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: Sarah and the devil Fig. 114. Second Nuremberg Haggadah, Schocken Library, MS 24087, fol. 31v: Sarah and the devil Fig. 115. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: The donkey and the servants Fig. 116. Wroclaw Mahzor, Wroclaw University Library, MS M. 1106, fol. 46v: Donkey and a servant Fig. 117. Leipzig Mahzor, Leipzig, UB, MS V. 1102, fol. 26v: Man with shofar Fig. 118. Worms Mahzor, Jerusalem, JNUL, MS Heb. 4°781/I, fol. 1v: Scales, detail of the initial-word panel at the beginning of Shabbat Sheqalim Fig. 119. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 1r: The accuser at the Day of Judgment Fig. 120. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 9r: Initial-word panel at the beginning of the Hoshanot Fig. 121. Leipzig Mahzor, Leipzig, UB, MS V. 1102, vol. 2, fol. 181v: The beginning of a yotzer for Sukkot Fig. 122. North French Miscellany, London, BL, MS Add. 11639, fol. 205r: The first cup Fig. 123. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 23r: The first cup Fig. 124. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 23v: Washing the hands, karpas, afikoman Fig. 125. Erna-Michael Haggadah, Jerusalem, IM, MS 180/58, fol. 9v: Washing the hands Fig. 126. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 23r: Man holding a karpas Fig. 127. Erna-Michael Haggadah, Jerusalem, IM, MS 180/58, fol. 9v: Man holding a karpas Fig. 128. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 23r: A man taking the afikoman Fig. 129. Erna-Michael Haggadah, Jerusalem, IM, MS 180/58, fol. 9v: A man taking the afikoman Fig. 130. Second Nuremberg Haggadah, Schocken Library, MS 24087, fol. 6v: The children waiting for the afikoman Fig. 131. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 24r: Ha lahma—Seder table Fig. 132. Second Nuremberg Haggadah, Schocken Library, MS 24087, fol. 6v: Seder plate Fig. 133. First Darmstadt Haggadah, Darmstadt, HLHB, MS Cod. Or. 8, fol. 11r: Second cup Fig. 134. Hamburg Miscellany, fol. 124v: Ma nishtanah CEU eTD Collection Fig. 135. First Cincinnati Haggadah, Cincinnati, HUC, MS 444, fol.