CILE Summer School

Vaccination Ethics

9 - 11 August 2021

Organizers

Research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics (CILE), College of Islamic Studies (CIS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) Doha, Qatar

In Collaboration with Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar

& World Innovative Summit for Health (WISH) 1

Vaccination Ethics

The broad ethical questions triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic were the focus of the previous CILE Summer School, held on 10-12 August 2020. This new edition of the CILE Summer School will be dedicated to the ethical questions raised by vaccination, namely the administration of a vaccine to help one’s immune system develop protection from serious infections like smallpox, polio, measles, and most recently COVID-19.

On the one hand, the scientific community takes pride in the achievements of vaccination, as it is usually hailed as the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases. Vaccination is usually introduced as a great success story of modern medicine, which contributed to the eradication of life-threatening diseases worldwide. On the other hand, vaccination has also been met with reluctance, hesitancy, or outright rejection by some people on ethical grounds, sometimes couched in, or mixed with, religious, scientific or socio-political arguments. Besides their deliberations on the ethical or unethical character of vaccination itself, both pro- and anti- vaccination voices have a long list of ethical questions and challenges to grapple with.

The key ethical debates on vaccination relate to its various phases, including the research, manufacturing, testing and clinical trials, regulation, and the distribution of vaccines. The long list of ethical issues related to vaccination include the challenge to face global health disparities by securing fair and equitable access to the vaccines, patents and intellectual property rights, voluntary versus mandatory vaccination, balancing individual versus public interests, informed consent, trust, or the lack thereof, in (inter)national healthcare systems, etc. Besides these issues, the religio-ethical discourse in the Islamic tradition focuses on distinctively religious aspects, such as the possible tension between vaccination and trust in God and His predestination or the religiously controversial character of some ingredients of the vaccine, such the cell lines derived from (aborted) human fetal tissues or the materials which are considered “impure” from a religious perspective, like the porcine tissues or porcine gelatin.

Organizers

Because of the nature of its main themes which comprise aspects related to both scientific and policymaking issues, this edition of CILE Summer School will be organized in collaboration with the Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar and the World Innovative Summit for Health (WISH)

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Program

Monday August 9th /2021 13:001 – 13:30 Opening Session

- Emad Shahin: CILE Director, College of Islamic Studies (CIS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Dean - Sultana Afdhal: World Innovative Summit for Health (WISH), CEO - Thurayya Arayssi: Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Medical Education and Continuing Professional Development (CPD), Senior Associate Dean Moderator • Mohammed Ghaly: CILE/CIS, Professor of Islam and Biomedical Ethics 13:30 – 14:30 Understanding Vaccine Science in The Time of a Pandemic

Laith Jamal Abu Raddad

14:30 – 14:45 Break

14:45 – 15:45 Ethical Issues in Vaccination and Vaccine Mandates

Jeffrey Kahn

15:45 – 16:00 Break

16:00-17:00 The Concept of Contagion (ʿadwa) in the Islamic Tradition

Instructor: Mutaz al-Khatib

1 Doha time (GMT+3). 3

Tuesday August 10th /2021 13:00 – 14:00 Vaccination Policies and Regulatory Framework: A Report from Qatar

Khalid Hamid Elawad 14:00 – 14:15 Break

14:15– 15:15 Muslim Jurists and Vaccination Ethics: Fatwa Literature

Mohammed Ghaly

15:15– 15:30 Break 15:30– 16:30 Vaccination Ethics, Migration and Human Rights

Ray Jureidini

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Wednesday August 11th /2020

18:00– 20:00 Expert Panel Webinar (Open for the Public)

Panelists:

- Khalid Hamid Elawad - Laith Jamal Abu Raddad - Maha El Akoum (TBC) - Mutaz al-Khatib

Moderator:

• Mohammed Ghaly

5 Organizers

Research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics (CILE), College of Islamic Studies, Hamad Bin Khalifa University

Islamic Ethics is one of the emerging scholarly fields with promising growth potential in academic research and also with great appeal among the general public. The Research Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics (CILE) has been contributing to this emerging field through various ways. Besides organizing international conferences and research seminars, CILE has also contributed to the field through pioneer academic initiatives. In collaboration with the renowned publisher Brill, CILE established the Journal of Islamic Ethics and the book-series Studies in Islamic Ethics. Additionally, the first-of-its-kind M.A. program “Applied Islamic Ethics” was inaugurated this academic year (2019-2020) in the College of Islamic Studies at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, to which CILE is affiliated. The program addresses how Islam, as a world religion with a rich moral tradition, engages with and contributes to the global moral discourse. Its strong interdisciplinary character combines in-depth knowledge of both theoretical and applied ethics rooted in the Islamic moral tradition.

Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar

Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar (WCM-Q) is at the forefront of medical education, clinical care, and biomedical research in the Middle East. Established in 2001 as a partnership between Cornell University in the US, and Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development, WCM-Q is part of Cornell University and was the first US university to offer its MD degree overseas. From their very first year, medical students gain clinical experience with the country’s finest healthcare providers, and go on to residencies in some of the best teaching hospitals in the world. WCM-Q’s Division of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is accredited to provide continuing medical education for physicians and in doing so disseminates information about clinical best practice, augmenting local healthcare delivery.

In line with our commitment to focus on diseases prevalent in Qatar, WCM-Q established a world-class biomedical research program, the first of its kind in the Middle East that will 6 help inform more efficient healthcare delivery by ushering in the era of precision medicine.

WCM-Q’s affiliation with Cornell University and Weill Cornell Medicine in New York, as well as Hamad Medical Corporation, Sidra Medicine and the Ministry of Public Health, has created powerful partnerships that are dedicated to delivering excellence in education, patient care and biomedical research.

World Innovative Summit for Health (WISH)

The World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH) is a global healthcare community dedicated to capturing and disseminating the best evidence-based ideas and practices. WISH is an initiative of Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development (QF) and is under the patronage of Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, its Chairperson.

The inaugural WISH Summit took place in Doha in 2013 and convened more than 1,000 global healthcare leaders. Through international summits and a range of ongoing initiatives, WISH is creating a global community of leading Innovators in healthcare policy, research, and industry.

Together, they are harnessing the power of innovation to overcome the world’s most urgent healthcare challenges and inspire other stakeholders to action.

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Reading List

Laith Jamal Abu Raddad – Understanding Vaccine Science in The Time of a Pandemic

• Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants • mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants and severe COVID-19 disease in Qatar

Further readings:

• Germs, Genes, & Civilization: How Epidemics Shaped Who We Are Today

Jeffrey Kahn – Ethical Issues in Vaccination and Vaccine Mandates

• Acquiescence and submission to COVID-19 vaccination: ethics considerations • Vaccination ethics

Mutaz al-Khatib - The Concept of Contagion (ʿadwa) in the Islamic Tradition

• Contagion in Theology and Law: Ethical Considerations in the Writings of Two 14th Century Scholars of Nasrid Granada

Khalid Hamid Elawad - Vaccination Policies and Regulatory Framework: A Report from Qatar • Vaccination in the Context of Al-Maqasid Alshariah (Objectives of Divine Law) And Islamic Medical Jurisprudence • COVID-19 and mandatory vaccination: Ethical considerations and caveats

Mohammed Ghaly - Muslim Jurists and Vaccination Ethics: Fatwa Literature

• Islamic Ethics, Covid-19 Vaccination, and the Concept of Harm • Islamic Ethical Perspectives on Vaccination: The Interplay of Science and Religion in the Age of COVID-19

Ray Jureidini - Vaccination Ethics, Migration and Human Rights • COVID-19 Analytical Snapshot #67: Migrants’ access to vaccines

8 Teaching Team

Dr. Emad Shahin, Dean

Emad El-Din Shahin is the Interim Provost of Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) and the Dean of HBKU’s College of Islamic Studies (CIS), Qatar Foundation. Before joining CIS, he was the Hasib Sabbagh Distinguished Visiting Chair of Arabic and Islamic Studies, a visiting professor of Political Science at the School of Foreign Service at and the editor-in-chief of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics.

Shahin holds a PhD (1989) from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, an MA (1983) and a BA (1980) from the American University in Cairo. He has taught in leading universities in the United States including Harvard, Notre Dame, Georgetown, George Washington, and .

His research and teaching interests focus on Islam and Politics, Comparative Politics, Democracy and Political Reform in Muslim societies. Shahin has authored, co-authored and co-edited six books and has more than 50 scholarly publications including journal articles, book chapters and encyclopedia entries. His publications include Political Ascent: Contemporary Islamic Movements in North Africa (1998), co-editorship with Nathan Brown of The Struggle over Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa (2010); and co- authorship of Islam and Democracy (2005 in Arabic). He is the editor-in-chief of The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics (2014) and co-editor with John L. Esposito of The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics (2013).

Previously, Shahin was a Distinguished Visiting Scholar at (April 2014- March 15), public policy scholar at The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (February- August 2014). He was the Henry R. Luce Associate Professor of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding at the ’s Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies (2009-2012). He was visiting associate professor in the department of Government at (2006-2009), faculty affiliate with the Kennedy School of Government, and visiting scholar in the Islamic Legal Studies Program at (2006-2007).

Shahin was nominated two years in a row for the Harvard University Joseph R. Levenson Memorial Teaching Prize, May 2007 and May 2008; and is the recipient of the AUC Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching Award for the Academic Year 2001-2002.

9 Sultana Afdhal, CEO of WISH

Sultana Afdhal is the Chief Executive Officer of the World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH). An initiative of the Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development - WISH’s vision is to bring about a healthier world through global collaboration and serves as a platform for health leaders and innovators from around the world. Within Qatar, Sultana has put significant effort into the creation and implementation of innovative learning programs for children with autism and special needs. In 2019, Sultana was made an honorary nurse and awarded the Florence Nightingale Medal, the highest international accolade a nurse can achieve, in recognition for her work in championing the work of nurses and midwives around the world. Sultana sits on the Boards of both the World Health Organization’s State of the World Nursing Committee, and the State of the World Midwifery Report. Sultana was recently appointed as Board Member of the Renard Academy, a school that provides specialized services for children with autism. She also sits on the Editorial Board of the BMJ Innovation Journal, as well as the Carter Center’s Journalism Fellowship Advisory Board. Successfully overseeing two WISH global summits, Sultana has been instrumental in creating fruitful new partnerships with a diverse range of organizations that have an interest in the health and wellbeing of societies. Away from the office, Sultana has a master’s degree in English Literature from Oxford and is a published author. Combining her passion for literacy and global health, dedicated the proceeds of her first book to the Fight for Sight charity.

10 Dr Thurayya Arayssi, Professor of Clinical Medicine and Senior Associate Dean

Dr. Thurayya Arayssi is Professor of Clinical Medicine and Senior Associate Dean for Medical Education and Continuing Professional Development (CPD). She obtained her M.D. degree from the American University of Beirut and completed her residency and chief residency in Internal Medicine and her Geriatrics fellowship at the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. She then joined the National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders (NIAMS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, completing a second fellowship in Rheumatology with a focus in the area of early arthritis.

Dr. Arayssi has been working in the area of International Medical Education for almost two decades and has held multiple leadership positions including Program Director of Internal Medicine Residency Program, Designated Institutional Official (DIO), Assistant Dean for Clinical Curriculum, Associate Dean for Graduate Medical Education and more recently Senior Associate Dean for Medical Education and CPD. She is interested in physician work- force development and retention in less resourced countries through improvement of standards of education and training of physicians across the continuum of education. In this capacity, she has been involved in accreditation of residency programs and CPD programs.

Dr. Arayssi’s current research interests focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for which she has received funding as the Principal Investigator and Behcet disease. She has organized the Middle East Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium (MERAC), which brings together renowned rheumatologists from the Middle East and the United States who share the interest of investigating the genetics and the clinical characteristics of Arab patients with RA for the purpose of improving their care. She has authored more than 100 peer- reviewed articles, abstracts and book chapters in her area of expertise. She has received several teaching awards and honors including being inducted into the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society.

11 Dr. Mohammed Ghaly, Professor of Islam and Biomedical Ethics, Research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics (CILE), Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Doha, Qatar.

Dr. Mohamed Ghaly has a B.A. degree in Islamic Studies from Al-Azhar University (Egypt) and M.A. and PhD degrees in the same specialization from Leiden University (the Netherlands). During the period 2007-2013, Ghaly was a faculty member at Leiden University. The intersection of Islamic Ethics and biomedical sciences is Ghaly’s main specialization. He is the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Islamic Ethics (published by Brill). Since 2011, Ghaly has been a faculty member at the Erasmus Mundus Program; the European Master of Bioethics, jointly organized by a number of European universities. Ghaly lectured on Islamic (bio)ethics at many universities worldwide including Imperial College London, Oxford University, University of Oslo, University of Chicago and Georgetown University.

Ghaly was affiliated as Visiting Scholar/Researcher with a number of universities including the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, USA (academic year 2014-2015), School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography at the University of Oxford (academic year 2017- 2018) and School of Philosophy at the Erasmus University Rotterdam (academic year 2018- 2019).

Besides his book Islam and Disability: Perspectives in Theology and Jurisprudence (Routledge, 2010) and the edited volumes Islamic Perspectives on the Principles of Biomedical Ethics (Imperial College & World Scientific, 2016) and Islamic Ethics and the Genome Question (Brill, 2019), Ghaly is the single author of more than forty peer- reviewed publications and serves on the editorial board of a number of academic journals. He is also the Lead Principal Investigator (LPI) and research consultant of a number of funded research projects. His publications can be accessed via https://cilecenter.academia.edu/MohammedGh

12 Laith Jamal Abu Raddad, Professor of Population Health Sciences

Laith Abu-Raddad is a Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology at the Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University. He is also the director of the WHO Collaborating Center for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis. Previously he held academic and research positions at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Imperial College London and Osaka University.

His research interests are multidisciplinary with emphasis on studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases using analytical and computational approaches in addition to conventional epidemiologic study designs. He has led several high-impact studies at the international and regional levels. His scientific research has been published in journals such as New England Journal of Medicine, Science, JAMA, Nature Medicine, Lancet, PLOS Medicine, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Hepatology, and Clinical Infectious Diseases.

He has worked on COVID-19, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, hepatitis C virus, tuberculosis, and SARS. He is or has been the principal investigator of several projects funded by various funding agencies, and has acted as an expert advisor or a consultant for several international organizations. His research work has been key in the formulation of public health policy at the regional and international levels.

13 Jeffrey Kahn, Andreas C. Dracopoulos Director of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics

Jeffrey Kahn is the Andreas C. Dracopoulos Director of the Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, and the Levi Professor of Bioethics and Public Policy. He is also Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management in the Bloomberg School of Public Health.

His research interests include the ethics of research, ethics and public health, and ethics and emerging biomedical technologies. He speaks widely both in the U.S. and abroad, and has published four books and over 130 articles, and is currently Co-Principal Investigator for the Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence in Ethics and Policy Research on Genomics and Infectious Disease (NIH-NHGRI). He is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and Fellow of the Hastings Center, and has chaired or served on committees and panels for the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control, and National Academy of Medicine (NAM), where he is currently a member of NAM Council; the Committee on Emerging Science, Technology, and Innovation (CESTI); and chair of the NAM Board on Health Sciences Policy. His education includes a BA in microbiology (UCLA, 1983), MPH (Johns Hopkins, 1988), and PhD in philosophy (Georgetown, 1989).

14 Dr. Mutaz al-Khatib, Associate Professor of Methodology

Mutaz Alkhatib is Assistant Professor of Methodologies and history of Islamic Ethics at the Research Center for Islamic Legislation & Ethics (CILE) and College of Islamic Studies at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Doha, Qatar. He did Islamic Studies in Damascus (BA, 1997) and studied Arabic Literature at al-Azhar University in Cairo. Al-Khatib was a founding member of the Intellectual Forum for Innovation (1999), and the anchor of Al- sharia and Life program on Al-Jazeera Channel, (2004 2013-). He acted as Editor-in-Chief of the section “Islam and Contemporary Affairs” on IslamOnline.net (2008-2003). He was a visiting fellow at Zentrum Moderner Orien (ZMO) in Berlin (2006), and a visiting scholar at the Forum Transregionale Studien, Berlin (2013-2012). Al-Khatib was a Visiting Lecturer at the American University of Beirut, the Islamic University of Beirut and Qatar University. He has given lectures and participated in conferences internationally: Oxford University, University of Cambridge, Princeton University, Florida University, Berkeley School of Law, Tubingen University, University of Ludwig- Maximilians, Osnabruck University, and other universities worldwide.

He is an editorial board member of Journal of Islamic Ethics and the book series “Studies in Islamic Ethics” both published by Brill. He is the Principle Investigator (PI) of a large- scale project on genomics and Islamic ethics funded by the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF). Alkhatib authored some books including “The textual critical approach to ḥadīth: a study of the methods of traditionalists and jurists” (Beirut: Arab Network for Studies and Publishing, 2011), and “The Justified Violence: «Sharia» versus the people and the state” (Cairo: Dar Almashriq, 2017). He also edited several books and published over 30 academic articles in Arabic and English, some of them published by Brill and Oxford.

15 Dr. Khalid Hamid Elawad, medical doctor

Dr Khalid Elawad is a medical doctor and public health consultant. He has 21 years of international experience in the public health field, having worked first-hand in developed and developing countries.

Dr Elawad is currently working as the Health Protection Manager at Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Qatar. He plays a key role in developing a functional health protection system, which includes managing individuals and teams in health centres that implement health protection services. He is working closely with partners and ensuring the delivery of high-quality communicable disease surveillance, response, and support systems.

He has significantly enhanced the profile of health protection at the PHC corporation through his involvement in immunisation programs, communicable diseases control, and preparation of an appropriate response to the COVID-19 pandemic through his involvement in virous national committees. Recently, he was appointed as chairperson for the PHCC Antimicrobial Resistance Stewardship Committee. He actively contributes to the existing training program for primary care professionals, and to the resident training of community and family medicine.

In addition, Dr Elawad is the chairperson for the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) committee which oversees IPC programs in all (27) health centres in Qatar. He is also a member of many national and international public health committees and institutions. He has numerous published articles in the field of infection control and has co-authored 4 books in health promotion and communicable disease prevention.

16 Dr. Rajai Ray Jureidini, Professor of Migration, Human Rights and Ethics

Dr. Rajai Ray Jureidini is professor of migration ethics and human rights since 2014 at the Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics in the College of Islamic Studies at Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar. His human and labor rights based research and activism centers on migrant labor exploitation, human trafficking, racism, debt bondage, corruption and slavery-like practices in the Middle East. He obtained his PhD from the Flinders University of South Australia in economic and industrial sociology. After teaching Sociology in several universities in Australia; he spent 6 years at the American University of Beirut from 1999 and 6 years at the American University in Cairo from 2005, where he became director of the Center for Migration and Refugee Studies; 3 years at the Institute for Migration Studies at the Lebanese American University in Beirut from 2011. In 2012, Dr. Jureidini spent a year as research consultant for the Qatar Foundation in Doha. He was one of the authors of the Qatar Foundation’s 2013 Mandatory Standards for Migrant Worker Welfare and the author of a 2014 report, Migrant Labour Recruitment to Qatar for the Qatar Foundation. In 2016, he authored the ILO White Paper, Ways Forward in Fair Recruitment of Low-skilled Migrant Workers in the Asia-Arab States Corridor. Among many other publications such as on Wage Protection Systems in the GCC and the Transnational Culture of Corruption in Migrant Labour Recruitment, Dr. Jureidini edited a special issue of Sociology of Islam on “Immigration, Political Economy and Islam”. He recently published (with Said Hassan) an edited book entitled Migration and Islamic Ethics: Issues of Residence, Naturalization and Citizenship by Brill Publishers. Professor Jureidini is a consultant and advisor on refugee issues, labour recruitment, labour supply chain evaluations and migrant labour reform advocacy.