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01 Inizio Tavola Rotonda coperta A4 Mono XXV WWW web__ 28/04/14 15:27 Pagina 1 Tavole Rotonde sui maggiori problemi riguardanti l’Entomologia Agraria in Italia Sotto gli auspici del MIPAAF XXV. IL PUNTERUOLO ROSSO DELLE PALME: NUOVE ACQUISIZIONI E POSSIBILITÀ DI CONTROLLO DEMOGRAFICO ISBN 978-88-96493-12-0 Estratto da: ATTI DELLA ACCADEMIA NAZIONALE ITALIANA DI ENTOMOLOGIA Rendiconti Anno LXI - 2013 Tavole Rotonde sui maggiori problemi riguardanti l’Entomologia Agraria in Italia Sotto gli auspici del MIPAAF XXV. IL PUNTERUOLO ROSSO DELLE PALME: NUOVE ACQUISIZIONI E POSSIBILITÀ DI CONTROLLO DEMOGRAFICO Estratto da: ATTI DELLA ACCADEMIA NAZIONALE ITALIANA DI ENTOMOLOGIA Rendiconti Anno LXI - 2013 © 2014 Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia 50125 Firenze - Via Lanciola 12/a ISBN 978-88-96493-12-0 PRESENTAZIONE La Seduta scientifica organizzata dall’Accademia senti nell’intestino del parassita e che contribuisco- ha lo scopo di stabilire l’attuale stato delle conoscenze no alla degradazione della cellulosa può inoltre for- sulla biologia ed i risultati degli interventi per con- nire utili indicazioni per future applicazioni alterna- tenere gli attacchi del Punteruolo rosso delle palme tive al controllo del parassita attraverso l’uso di (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus). Come è noto questo insetticidi. Il controllo biologico del Punteruolo curculionide provoca seri danni alle piantagioni pro- rosso è all’attenzione di molti ricercatori. Gli esperi- duttive di palme, alterando l’aspetto paesaggistico menti con funghi patogeni appaiono promettenti, delle località ove le palme rappresentano un elemento così come l’utilizzo di nematodi entomopatogeni da caratterizzante e qualificante del territorio. È emerso impiegare in programmi di controllo integrato. in primo luogo che il parassita sta espandendosi nel Analogamente l’applicazione di alcuni composti nostro Paese, colpendo in particolare le palme (Phoenix repellenti volatili hanno mostrato risultati incorag- canariensis) delle regioni rivierasche peninsulari e gianti, poiché interferiscono con la biologia del delle maggiori isole. parassita. Infine è in fase sperimentale il controllo Il Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e del Punteruolo rosso attraver so la tecnica del Forestali, sensibile al problema della progressiva maschio sterile. scomparsa delle palme, ha affidato ad alcune strut- La soluzione del problema, tuttavia, non appare ture scientifiche lo studio del problema per appro- di facile realizzazione anche per la scarsa attenzione fondire le conoscenze di base ed applicative per il delle amministrazioni comunali che spesso non valu- controllo di questo coleottero. tano attentamente le conseguenze di una interruzione Nella Seduta scientifica sono stati riferiti i risul- degli interventi e dei controlli per stabilire lo stato tati finora conseguiti dagli studi sul curculionide a degli attacchi del parassita. riguardo del comportamento sociale, la riproduzio- ne, gli aspetti genetici delle popolazioni mediterra- ROMANO DALLAI nee. La conoscenza del complesso di simbionti pre- Presidente Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia INDICE Tavola Rotonda su: IL PUNTERUOLO ROSSO DELLE PALME: NUOVE ACQUISIZIONI E POSSIBILITÀ DI CONTROLLO DEMOGRAFICO SANTI LONGO, PIO FEDERICO ROVERSI – Il Punteruolo rosso delle palme: nuove acquisizioni e possibilità di controllo demografico - Introduzione . Pag. 187 ALBERTO INGHILESI, GIUSEPPE MAZZA, ALESSANDRO CINI, RITA CERVO – Comportamento sociale e riprodut- tivo del Punteruolo rosso delle palme: approfondire le conoscenze per contrastare questo flagello . » 189 ALESSIO DE BIASE, SILVIA BELVEDERE, GABRIELE SENIA, VERONICA MARCARI, ALESSANDRA LA MARCA, LIEN VAN VU, MASSIMO CRISTOFARO – Preliminary analysis of genetic variability and differentiation of Asian and Mediterranean populations of Red Palm Weevil . » 193 MATTEO MONTAGNA, BESSEM CHOUAIA, GIUSEPPE MAZZA, ERICA MARIA PROSDOCIMI, ELENA CROTTI, ANNAMARIA GIORGI, LUCIANO SACCHI, SANTI LONGO, GIUSEPPE LOZZIA, ALESSIO DE BIASE, CLAUDIO BANDI, RITA CERVO, DANIELE DAFFONCHIO – Il microbioma associato a Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) . » 201 VALERIA FRANCARDI, CLAUDIA BENVENUTI, GIAN PAOLO BARZANTI, PIO FEDERICO ROVERSI – Controllo microbiologico di Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) mediante impiego di una trappola “attract, infect and release” . » 205 GIUSEPPE MAZZA, VALERIA FRANCARDI, SANTI LONGO, ROBERTO NANNELLI, EUSTACHIO TARASCO, RITA CERVO, CLAUDIA BENVENUTI, PIO FEDERICO ROVERSI – Controllo biologico del Punteruolo rosso delle palme Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) . » 211 SALVATORE GUARINO, PAOLO LO BUE, EZIO PERI, VICTORIA SOROKER, STEFANO COLAZZA – Individuazione e applicazione di composti volatili repellenti per il controllo delle popolazioni del Punteruolo rosso delle palme . » 219 POMPEO SUMA, SANTI LONGO, ALESSANDRA LA PERGOLA, VICTORIA SOROKER – Metodi di monitoraggio delle infestazioni del Punteruolo rosso delle palme . » 225 FRANCESCO PORCELLI, DANIELE CORNARA – Mezzi e metodi di controllo integrato del Punteruolo rosso delle palme . » 233 SERGIO MUSMECI, MASSIMO CRISTOFARO, SILVIA ARNONE, RAFFAELE SASSO, STEFANIA BACCARO, ANGELO PASQUALI, SILVIA CATARCI – Controllo del Punteruolo rosso mediante la tecnica del maschio sterile (SIT): utopia o realtà? . » 239 FRANCESCO PAOLI, MASSIMO CRISTOFARO, SILVIA ARNONE, VALERIA FRANCARDI, PIO FEDERICO ROVERSI – Ultrastruttura degli spermatozoi di Rhynchophorus ferrugineus . » 247 SEDUTA PUBBLICA, FIRENZE 15 NOVEMBRE 2013 Tavola Rotonda su: IL PUNTERUOLO ROSSO DELLE PALME: NUOVE ACQUISIZIONI E POSSIBILITÀ DI CONTROLLO DEMOGRAFICO Coordinatori: SANTI LONGO ePIO FEDERICO ROVERSI, Accademici Atti Accademia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia Anno LXI, 2013: 187-188 IL PUNTERUOLO ROSSO DELLE PALME: NUOVE ACQUISIZIONI E POSSIBILITÀ DI CONTROLLO DEMOGRAFICO INTRODUZIONE SANTI LONGO (*) - PIO FEDERICO ROVERSI (**) (*) DiGeSA Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agroalimentari e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania; [email protected] (**) Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l’agrobiologia e la pedologia, via di Lanciola 12⁄a, 50125 - Cascine del Riccio, Firenze, Italia; [email protected] Introduzione alla Tavola Rotonda “Il Punteruolo rosso delle palme: nuove acquisizioni e possibilità di controllo demografico”. Seduta pubblica dell’Accademia - Firenze, 15 novembre 2013. L’asiatico coleottero Dryophthoridae Rhyncho- primo progetto denominato DIPROPALM, nel phorus ferrugineus (Olivier, 1790), specie da qua- 2012 ha avviato il Progetto Finalizzato Nazionale rantena inserita nella lista A2 dell’EPPO noto “PROPALMA – Protezione delle Palme orna- come Punteruolo rosso delle palme, originario del mentali e spontanee dall’invasione biologica del Sud Est Asiatico e della Melanesia, a seguito del Punteruolo rosso, Rynchophorus ferrugineus”, al moltiplicarsi delle introduzioni accidentali causate quale partecipano le seguenti strutture del CRA: dal trasporto di piante infestate risulta ormai Centro di Ricerca per l’Agrobiologia e la Pedolo- ampiamente diffuso in Asia, Medio Oriente e gia di Firenze, Unità di Ricerca per la Floricultura Bacino del Mediterraneo. Il fitofago è stato inoltre e le Specie ornamentali di Sanremo, Unità di segnalato anche nelle Isole Canarie e nei Caraibi. Ricerca per l’Ingegneria Agraria di Monteroton- Il Coleottero è il principale insetto nocivo delle do, Unità di Ricerca per il Recupero e la Valorizza- palme e la sua diffusione epidemica si configura zione delle Specie Floricole mediterranee di ormai in varie aree come una vera e propria inva- Bagheria. Al progetto PROPALMA collabora sione biologica, in grado di determinare seri danni anche l’Enea con il laboratorio Utagri-Eco. Obiet- alle piantagioni produttive e stravolgimenti del- tivi specifici primari di questo progetto sono la l’impianto paesistico in quei territori ove le palme messa a punto di tecniche e strumenti per una dia- costituiscono un elemento qualificante della fisio- gnosi precoce di piante asintomatiche, la verifica nomia degli ambienti. dell’efficacia di insetticidi di sintesi e di origine In Italia il Punteruolo rosso, presumibilmente vegetale e di mezzi fisici per trattamenti curativi, la introdotto prima del 2004, si è rapidamente diffu- messa a punto di metodi e strumenti per il tratta- so in molti centri urbani delle regioni rivierasche mento deelle palme abbattute, l’individuazione di peninsulari e nelle isole maggiori, dove ha infesta- nemici naturali nelle aree di indigenato naturale to principalmente Phoenix canariensis (Hortorum del fitofago e negli ambienti di nuova introduzio- ex Chabaud), tanto che si ritengono attendibili le ne suscettibili di impiego in programmi di control- stime che valutano in oltre duecentomila gli esem- lo biologico e integrato. plari di Palma delle Canarie attaccate, cui va L’Unione Europea ha finanziato il Progetto aggiun to circa un migliaio di palme appartenenti PalmProtect (Settimo programma - Project num- ad altre specie. Da segnalare in particolare le infe- ber FP7-KBBE-2011-5 -289566) “Strategies for stazioni, pur sporadiche, sull’endemica Chamae- the eradication and containment of the invasive rops humilis L. pests Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier and Le problematiche fitosanitarie, economiche ed Paysandisia archon Burmeister”. Il progetto, ecologiche sollevate dall’introduzione anche nel avviato nel 2012, ha una durata: di 36 mesi e vede nostro Paese di questo
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