Implementation of Fisheries Management Policy in Sumedang District Jatigede Reservoir, Westjava

GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 669

GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com

IMPLEMENTATION OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT POLICY IN SUMEDANG DISTRICT JATIGEDE RESERVOIR, WEST JAVA Dea Nazihah1 , Atikah Nurhayati2, Titin Herawati2, Iwang Gumilar 2 1) Students of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University 2) Staff Lecturer of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University Fisheries Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University Jl. Raya Bandung - Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor 40600 Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT This research aims to evaluate the application of fisheries sector management policies in Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang District, West Java. This research was conducted in Jatigede Reservoir which inundated five subdistricts namely Darmaraja, Wado, Jatinunggal, Jatigede, and Cisitu Subdistricts in Sumedang District, West Java. The research was began in October 2018 until March 2019. The method used was the Likert scale and analyzed descriptive. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method of 30 respondents. The selection of respondents is based on their ability background, interests, and have influence in their existence KJA in the Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang District, West Java. Based on this results of the research, there are still infraction of Perda No 2 of 2012 article 49 paragraph 8 issued by the district government of Sumedang regarding the prohibition of aquaculture activities using floating net cages with an average index of 49.33%, and Perda No 2 of 2012 article 48 paragraph 5 concerning prohibitions to construct a building in protected areas (sempadan) Jatigede Reservoir with an average index of 60.5%. The solution needed is to make a spatial map of the Jatigede Reservoir area, impose sanctions if there are infraction, and execute socialization to the community regarding the prohibition on the construct a floating net cages and to construct a building in sempadan area of the Jatigede Reservoir.

Keywords: Implementation, Jatigede Reservoir, Floating Net Cage

INTRODUCTION article 52 is one of the policies issued by The Construction of the Jatigede the regional government of Sumedang Reservoir submerged 5 sub-districts, Regency which serves to maintain the including the Jatigede District, Cisitu Jatigede Reservoir in its sustainability. The District, Darmaraja District, Wado regulation contains a ban on the existence District, and Jatinunggal District. This of inland aquaculture activities with reservoir has an inundation area of around floating nets in the Jatigede dam area. 2 4,122 ha (41.22 km ) (BAPPEDA, Fishing activities are permitted on Sumedang Regency, 2013). The main condition that they do not damage the function of this reservoir is as an irrigation waters. In the regulation, the permissible facility covering 90,000 ha in the North fishing activities are fishing activities in Coast region of West Java and also as a the Jatigede Reservoir. hydroelectric power plant (PLTA) that is According to Mulyadi and Atmaja's capable of producing electricity with a research (2011) it is recommended to capacity of 110 mega watts, and providing develop floating net aquaculture at raw water with a capacity of 3,500 liters reservoir locations because the status of per second for the area Sumedang, reservoir water quality that is often Indramayu, Majalengka and Cirebon carried out by floating net cultivation has (Setiawan 2017). a value of C which means that the quality The Jatigede Reservoir currently of waters for fisheries is low and does not has functions in the fields of capture meet the specified threshold standards . fisheries, tourism, and power plants for The presence of waste from leftover feed the surrounding area. Fishing activities in can cause a decrease in water quality and the Jatigede Reservoir are used by the can also damage equipment or turbines. surrounding community as a business The use of reservoirs as public waters for activity or source of livelihood. Fish living KJA fish cultivation is principally permitted in the Jatigede Reservoir contain nutrients as long as it does not exceed the that are good for consumption as food threshold limit of the reservoir area and ingredients because they contain important does not disturb the main function of the substances for the body such as protein, reservoir as a hydroelectric power plant fat, carbohydrates and different nutrient (Nurhayati et al. 2018). levels for each species (Herawati et al. 2018). Regional Regulation No. 2 of 2012

The social problems found in the RESEARCH METHODS construction of the Jatigede Reservoir are Time and Place quite complex, this is due to the length of This research was conducted from January time between developments, however to February 2019 which took place at the various elements continue to work on Jatigede Reservoir, Sumedang Regency, West Java. resolving these social problems. Compensation issues, relocation problems, panundung money problems, social change problems from farming communities to communities raising freshwater fish continue to be handled and resolved by the government, the

community, the private sector, and other community elements (Purnama 2015). Figure 1. Map of research sites The Jatigede Reservoir, which is Research Methods still in force for the cultivation of floating The method used the case study net cages, appears new people from the method(casestudy)described in descriptive community who are cultivating floating qualitative. The technique used in net cages. Survey results of the condition obtaining data in this research is Purposive of the Jatigede Reservoir in April 2018 sampling, this technique is used to conduct there have been several floating net cages interviews with respondents. Respondents established in the waters of the are limited to 30 people who have interests Lewihideung area, and Marongbong. and relationships with the floating net cage Efforts to manage Jatigede Reservoir activities such as KJA owners or KJA field require further planning and supervision. officers. The minimum number of The management aims to ensure the respondents is 30 respondents so that functioning of the reservoir that remains homogeneous data is obtained. The type of optimal and sustainable, management data used in this study are primary data activities must be emphasized in efforts to and secondary data, primary data obtained secure the reservoir. from interviews with KJA owners or KJA field officers in the Jatigede Reservoir.

Secondary data is data that is used by researchers as material to support research

GSJ© 2019 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 6, June 2019 ISSN 2320-9186 672 and is obtained by reading or studying and Locations found to have understanding through media such as committed violations by establishing literature, books, documents, or scientific Floating Net Cages were in two locations, articles related to the conditions in the the first location was in the Cibogo Hamlet jatigede reservoir. Secondary data was area, the second area was in Cipaku obtained from local regulation no. 2 in Hamlet. The number of Floating Net Cages Sumedang District 2012 built in Cibogo Hamlet, Leuwihideung RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Village, Darmaraja Subdistrict, Sumedang Implementation of local Regency at 108'24coordinateso 4"BT and regulations on the management of the 6o 54' 49" LS are 2 Floating Net Cages. Of fisheries sector in Jatigede Reservoir was the two floating net cages in the field one influenced by the spatial plan of the of the floating net cages is in the process Jatigede Reservoir area itself. The spatial of being assembled. When asked about plan for the Jatigede Reservoir has several licensing the construction of community plans for regional spatial patterns, namely floating net cages answered that they protected areas (border), fisheries areas, werethe indigenous people of Sumedang tourism areas, and district strategic areas and had the right to build and carry out (KSK). floating net cage cultivation activities. Implementation of Fisheries Areas

Figure 2. Graph of Implementation of RT / RW Area Fisheries Jatigede Reservoir

The second location in the Jatigede prohibiting floating net cages is Cipaku Reservoir which has a deviation from the Hamlet, Cipaku Village, Darmaraja existence of a regional regulation Subdistrict, Sumedang District at

coordinates 108o 4 '32 "BT and 6o 54' 12" conducted by the community, can be LS. The number of floating net cages in assessed that the regulations made by the this area is 15 pieces. Ownership of government still cannot be implemented floating net cages is from native people properly by the community. The from Sumedang district, some of whom community has the idea that they are are affected by the flooding of the OTDs (Affected Persons) and also they are Jatigede Dam. still indigenous people in the Sumedang area, so they have the right to establish Floating Net Cages around the Jatigede Reservoir. The community also actually knows about the policy of prohibiting floating net cage aquaculture, they also

know that there are signs regarding the Figure 3. Floating net cages prohibition of conducting KJA aquaculture Violations in the form of floating net cage activities, but they ignore the ban. cultivation in the jatigede reservoir Table 1. Regional Spatial Planning for Region Fisheries Jatigede Reservoir Regional Spatial Pattern Plan for Area Fisheries Jatigede Reservoir No Applicable Regional Respondents (n = 30) Likert Description Regulations SB B C KR TB Index 1. Article 32 paragraph (4) Fishing activities in Embodiment of fisheries the Jatigede area with: Reservoir have been ● Development of well developed. capture fisheries in 1 1 76.67% Some people who 6 - - reservoir 3 1 (Good) live around the Jatigede Reservoir, some of whom have jobs as fishermen

2. Article 49 paragraph (8) Still there is a General provisions for violation, the zoning regulations on community still build fisheries areas, namely: 32.67% and continuous ● Prohibition of - - 5 9 16 (Not production of floating net Good) floating cages in the activities in the water body Jatigede Jatigede Reservoir water body.

3. Article 52 paragraph (4) One of the functions the general provisions of of the Jatigede zoning regulations for the Reservoir is development of generator hydropower Jatigede pay hydropower (PLTA) attention: but there are still ● Activities that are violations by permissible for conducting floating inland aquaculture net cages in the activities provided 38.67% Jatigede Reservoir - - 7 14 9 that they do not (Poor) water body. The damage the waters government has installed signs in the or turbines and reservoir border other water bodies area which contain ● Prohibition of land restrictions on aquaculture conducting activities with cultivation with floating nets floating net cages.

Keterangan : SB Imimplementation of Protected Areas 2. banning activities of making and Installation of signs around the memasangan floating net (KJA) Jatigede Reservoir is one form of the 3. Dilarangan activity of farming government to disseminate to the 4. Dilarangan sell surrounding community both the Jatigede 5. Dilarangan swimming and fishing Reservoir community and the people who in hazardous areas visit the Jatigede Reservoir area. The 6. is prohibited littering signaling of the signs can be seen in Figure 7. Dilaranganya logging operations 2. In the signs, several activities are prohibited in the protected area (border) area of the reservoir. Prohibition is written in the beacon are: 1. Dilaranganya building Area area protected area (border) reservoir

Figure 5. signs Prohibition of activities in Jatigede

Figure 4. Graph Implementation of RT / RW Areas Protected Jatigede Reservoir

Table 2. Spatial Planning for Protected Areas in Jatigede Reservoir Plans for Regional Spatial Patterns for Protected Areas Jatigede Reservoir No Applicable Regional Respondents (n = 30) Likert Description Regulations SS S C KS TS Index 1. Article 26 Paragraph (1) Performed Explain that the area around installation of the reservoir is one of the signs in the lake protected areas 54% border area, but 1 - 5 12 1 (Enoug there are still 2 h) people who build buildings around the reservoir boundary 2. Article 26 Paragraph (3) government Explain the area protected makes a map of area around the reservoir at RT rw which in it least 50 (fifty) meters from explains that the the highest tide point to the area within 50 land in the Jatigede meters of the 54% Reservoir which inundated 1 1 highest tide point 5 - - (Enoug Jatigede, Wado, Jatinunggal, 5 0 of the reservoir is h) The Darmaraja and Cisitu a lindu area ng or Subdistricts of border. Rt rw map approximately 827 (eight can be found in hundred twenty seven) annex hectares

3. Article 44 paragraph (1) has been carried The realization of priority out Installation of 76 , protected areas referred to signs and - - 7 11 12 67% in the following activities: protection of (Good) ● Installation of signs / reservoir borders. warnings to areas Installation of

prone to disaster / signs can be seen disaster mitigation in the picture, but ● Determination and early warning border protection signs for disaster- reservoir prone areas have ● water tourism not been found. development 4. Article 48 (5) of This article has the general provisions of been well zoning regulations implemented by established by considering the government, the reservoir border: but the ● Utilization of border surrounding space reservoirs for community still green open space has violations by ● structure establishing development of buildings other natural and artificial than for the management of structures to prevent water bodies. landslides / soil Buildings erected erosion and maintain can be found in water bodies form a Appendix reservoir / lake ● border width determination of 1 1 36.67% 4 - - reservoir / lakes in 4 2 (Poor) accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations ● Prohibiting the establishment of buildings in addition to the management of water bodies, water use and supporting recreational functions ● Restricting the establishment of buildings, namely only for the management of

water bodies and water utilization.

5. Article 49 Paragraph (3) None activities The provisions of logging ofloggingwithin allowed distance is more 1 1 74.67% less than 500 3 - - than 500 meters from the 5 2 (Good) meters from the edge of the reservoir edge of the Jatigede Reservoir Keterangan : SB of Sumedang Regency at coordinates 108o 4 '14 "BT and 6o 52' 19" LS. The

development of this tourist area is in

accordance with regional regulation No. 2 Implementation of Tourism Areas of 2012 where the construction of tourist Implementation in the field the areas does not disturb the protected area government has moved cultural heritage (border) of the reservoir, which is not built so that the cultural heritage is not lost. in protected areas, and in its construction One of the cultural heritage that has been in accordance with the culture around the transferred by the government of Jatigede Reservoir. Masayrakat who lives Sumedang Regency is a cultural preserve in the village "Buricak Burinong" is a called the Candoli Site located in Cisurat community that was previously a victim of Village, Wado District, Sumedang Regency the flooding of the Jatigede Dam, but they at coordinates 108 ° 5 '6 "BT and 6 ° 56' used the money from the compensation 28" LS. It can be concluded that the model that has been made does not experience of flooding by creating a new village. The correlation. development of the village "Buricak Burinong" was also assisted by the government

Figure 7. Candoli Site

Figure 8. Buricak Burinong Village

Figure 6. Graph of Implementation of RT / RW Areas Tourism Jatigede Reservoir

Table 3. Regional Spatial Planning for Areas Tourism Jatigede Reservoir Regional Spatial Pattern Plan for Areas Tourism Jatigede Reservoir No Respondents (n = 30) Likert Applicable Regional Regulations Description SB B C KB TB Index 1. Article 35 Paragraph (2) Site which It is explained that the was submergence of submerged submerged sites is carried out Jatigede Dam by the 1 1 74% Jatigede 3 - - 5 2 (Good) Reservoir has been relocated by the government 2. Article 35 Paragraph (4) Jatigede Explains that the Jatigede Reservoir Reservoir is developed for began to be 1 1 76% artificial tourism activities 4 - - made as a 6 0 (Good) tourist attraction by the

community, one of which the construction of the village "Buricak Burinong" which is a village built by the OTD Jatigede Dam

3. Article 44 paragraph (7) The The transfer realization of the tourism area is of cultural prioritized on activities: preserve ● Transfer of cultural submerged 1 1 68.67% reserves to be flooded - - - by the 3 7 (Good) Jatigede Reservoir Jatigede Reservoir has been carried out 4. Article 49 paragraph (11) Tourist area General provisions of zoning located regulations on tourism areas pay around the attention to: Jatigede ● Prohibited activities and Reservoir is buildings that interfere built in with functions from the accordance tourist area itself, except with zoning for the opportunity to regulations relocate. which do not interfere with ● Activities and the function establishment of 68% of protected buildings around the (Good) areas and Jatigede Reservoir are water limited, only for the catchment benefit of tourism areas. The activities in the Jatigede village Reservoir Jatigede "Buricak ● Reservoir can be utilized Burinong" is by the natural and one of the cultural potential of its tourist community villages built around the ● Tourism activities carried Jatigede Dam. out in Jatigede Reservoir The village

do not disturb the was built by function of protected the OTD areas community ● Growth of tourism from flooding supporting facilities and the Jatigede infrastructures which is Dam. around the protected area of Jatigede Reservoir, especially in the area of water absorption ● Past cultural heritage sites and historical heritage around the Jatigede Reservoir are protected ● Do not change or damage the shape of local architecture, landscapes and visual views

KetKeterangan : : SB * Real at the 5% level of

District Strategic Area Implementation development of the region's

Viewed from the viewpoint of strategic values in supporting economic interests, the Jatigede Reservoir urban spatial planning is also a Strategic District (KSK) supervised 2. As a space allocation for various area. According to Bappenas (2016) the socio-economic activities of the strategic area of the regency area is a community and environmental region whose spatial planning is conservation activities in the prioritized, because it has a very assessed regency has a very important influence in the scope of the important influence on the district on the economy, social, culture relevant district area. and environment. The District Strategic 3. To accommodate regional spatial Area (KSK) has the following functions: planning that cannot be 1. Develop, preserve, protect, and accommodated in the structure coordinate the integration of the plan and spatial pattern plan.

4. As a consideration in formulating the RT / RW indications of the main program of 5. district.

Table 4. District Strategic Area Spatial Planning (KSK) Jatigede Reservoir Sumedang Regency Planned Spatial Pattern for District Strategic Areas (KSK) Jatigede Reservoir Regional Reponden (n = 30) Regulations that SB B C B TB Likert Index Description Apply Jatigede Reservoir 5 1 1 - - Jatigede Reservoir Area includes the 4 1 including the regency district's strategic strategic area (KSK) area is explained in because it is assessed article 39 that the Jatigede paragraph (1) Reservoir can have 76% (Good) Jatigede Reservoir very important

including the influence in the scope district strategic of the district on the area from the point economy of interest of economic growth

ConclusionKeterangan : SB value. The implementation of protected Based on research conducted with areas in the Jatigede Reservoir still has the actors of floating net cage aquaculture violations, namely by the existence of in the Jatigede Reservoir it can be communities that build buildings around concluded that there is still no regulation protected areas (borders) that have been regarding the spatial plan for the Jatigede banned in Perda No 2 of 2012 but have an Reservoir, implementation of Perda No. 2 average index value of 60.5% or have of 2012 article 49 verse 8 concerning good interpretation values . The tourism Fisheries in the Jatigede Reservoir area are area has an average index value of 71.67% still available budgeting is that by carrying or has a good interpretation value and the out floating net cage cultivation activities district strategic area (KSK) has an that have actually been determined that the average index value of 76% or has a good activity is prohibited, the community has interpretation value, no violations are the opinion that they have the right to carry made from the rules that are inRegulation out aquaculture activities using floating net No. 2 of 2012. cages, but have an average index value of 49.33% or have sufficient interpretation

REFERENCES Regional Regulations No. 2 of 2012 Kabuaten Spatial Plan Sumedang RegionalBAPPEDA. 2013. Guidelines for

Sectoral Development Performance Evaluation. Deputy Purnama, Y. 2015. Impact of the for Development Evaluation Construction of the Jatigede Performance at BAPPEDA. Reservoir on the Community's Jakarta Socio-Cultural Life. Journal of Fisheries (J. Fish. Sci.) VII (1): 131- Herawati, T., A. Yustiati, A. Nurhayati. 146. and R. Mustikawati. 2018. Proximate composition of several Setiawan, W. 2017. Feasibility of Fishing fish from Jatigede Reservoir in Business UsingGill Netin Jatigede Sumedang district, West Java. Reservoir Sumedang Regency, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and West Java. Thesis.Faculty of Environmental Science. 137 Fisheries and Marine Science. Padjadjaran University. Mulyadi, A., ES Atmaja. 2011. Impact of Jatinangor. Saguling Reservoir Pollution on Cultivation of Floating Fishing Nets. Journal of Fisheries (J. Fish. Sci.) XI (2): 179-199.

Nurhayati, A., I. Maulina., I. Nuruhwati. 2018. Comparative analysis of economic value of aquaculture management of floating net cages (A case in Cirata floating net cages in Cianjur Regency). Proceedings of the 8th Fish

National Seminar. 9-17