DOCSLIB.ORG

Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) AR-411 -A189 596 SPECIES PROFILES· LIFE HISTORIES ANO ENYIROIIN£NTAL 1/1 �EQUIRENENTS OF COASTA (U) NATIONAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH PROGRAN GROTON CT l l STEWART ET Al AUG 87 UNCLASSIFIED FWS-82/11 76 FIG 8/1 NL I � 1111111111111 11111 1.0 1"1I�, 1-- 1.. I • 111u·i If= a_ �Ill t. JI� 11111�·.4_11111;� D11CJILL CCL' Biological Report 82 11.76K /1 K2 4 *~ August 1987 I' Species Profiles: Life Histories and (D Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes 00 and Invertebrates,-- (North Atlantic) DTIC _< I~tELE, TE tI ATLANTIC TOMCOD D : ....."................:: " " ........... "!: ... :........::."'..!"-ii'..... -16 . :;. _ ..... w.. p..-.- : . - V.ii Coastal Ecology Group Fish and Wildlife Service Waterways Experiment Station U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 87 12 11 082 Biological Report 82(11.76) TR EL-82-4 August 1987 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) ATLANTIC TOMCOD by Lance L. Stewart and Peter J. Auster NOAA's National Undersea Research Program The University of Connecticut at Avery Point Groton, CT 06340 Project Manager Carroll Cordes Project Officer David Moran U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Research Center 1010 Gause Boulevard Slidell, LA 70458 Acesion For Performed for NTIS C1?A&I Coastal Ecology Group IDT I A U.S. Army Corps of Engineers -- Waterways Experiment Station ...... Vicksburg, MS 39180 and ......................... U.S. Department of the Interior . Fish and Wildlife Service Research and Development National Wetlands Research Center Washington, DC 20240 _____I L\ l_ This series may be referenced as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983-19 . Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. This profile may be cited as follows: Stewart, L.L. , and P.J. A'ister. 1987. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (North Atlantic)--Atlantic tomcod. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.76). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 8 pp. I. PREFACE This species profile is one of a series on coastal aquatic organisms, principally fish, of sport, commercial, or ecological importance. The profiles are designed to provide coastal managers, engineers, and biologists with a brief comprehensive sketch of the biological characteristics and environmental requirements of the species and to describe how populations of the species may be expected to react to environmental changes caused by coastal development. Each profile has sections on taxonomy, life history, ecological role, environmental requirements, and economic importance, if applicable. A three-ring binder is used for this series so that new profiles can be added as they are prepared. This project is jointly planned and financed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers * and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Suggestions or questions regarding this repo.-t should be directed to one of the following addresses. Information Transfer Specialist National Coastal Ecosystems Team U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NASA-Slidell Computer Complex 1010 Gause Boulevard Slidell, LA 70458 or U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Attention: WESER-C Post Office Box 631 Vicksburg, MS 39180 iii SL Ii CONVERSION TABLE Metric to U.S. Customary To Obtain Multyply millimeters (mm) 0.03937 inches inches centimeters (cm) 0.3937 feet meters (i) 3.281 0.5468 fathoms meters (W) miles kilometers (km) 0.6214 statute nautical miles kilometers (km) 0.5396 2 square feet square meters (m ) 10.76 (km2 ) 0.3861 square miles square kilometers acres hectares (ha) 2.471 liters (1) 0.2642 gallons feet cubic meters (in) 35.31 cubic 3 acre-feet cubic meters (m ) 0.0008110 milligrams (mg) 0.00003527 ounces 0.03527 ounces grams (g) pounds kilograms (kg) 2.205 tons (t) 2205.0 pounds metric short tons metric tons (t) 1.102 thermal units (kcal) 3.968 British kilocalories 0 Fahrenheit degrees Celsius degrees ( C) 1.8(OC) + 32 U.S. Customary to Metric 25.40 millimeters inches centimeters inches 2.54 meters feet (ft) 0.3048 1.829 meters fathoms kilometers statute miles (mi) 1.609 nautical miles (nmi) 1.852 kilometers square feet (ft2) 0.0929 square meters 2 kilometers square miles (mi ) 2.590 square acres 0.4047 hectares 3.785 liters gallons (gal) : 0.02831 cubic meters O,- cubic feet (ft1) cubic meters acre-feet 1233.0 ounces (oz) 28350.0 milligrams ounces (oz) 28.35 grams (ib) 0.4536 kilograms pounds metric tons pounds (Ib) 0.00045 short tons (ton) 0.9072 metric tons thermal units (Btu) 0.2520 kilocalories British Celsius degrees Fahrenheit degrees (OF) 0.5556 (OF - 32) I iv pf CONTENTS Page PREFACE..................................................................111i CON'.61ON TABLE........................................................... iv ACiN,.,DGMENTS................................ ........................... vi NOMENCLATURE/TAXONOMY/RANGE................................................1 MORPHOLOGY/IDENTIFICATION AIDS.............................................1 REASON FOR INCLUSION IN SERIES............................................. 3 LIFE HISTORY........................... ................................... 3 *Spawning....................... ......................................... 3 Fecundity and Eggs....................................................... 3 Larvae................................................................... 3 Juvenile and Adults...................................................... 4 GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS..................................................... 4 FISHERY.................................................................... 5 ECOLOGICAL ROLE............................................................ 5 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS................................................. 6 Temrperature.............................................................. 6 Salinit.................................................................. 6 Habitat.................................................................. 6 LITERATURE CITED...........................................................7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful for the review by W. Smith and T. Pacheco of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Sandy Hook, New Jersey. We also thank Constance Fontaine and Andrew Shepard for patiently dealing with drafts and the computer. Mary Jane Spring expertly prepared figure 1. 0..- vi p Figure 1. Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod). NOMENCLATURE/TAXONOMY/RANGE elongated, and the upper jaw projects past the lower jaw. There is a barbel on the chin. Differences in Scientific name ........... Microgadus several key external characters tomcod (Walbaum) allow easy differentiation: The Preferred common name ....... Atlantic second rays of the ventral fins of tomcod (Figure 1) the tomcod are long, narrow, and Other common name .......... Frostfish tapering (the tapered portion is Class ................... Osteichthyes as long as the rest of the fin), Order . .................... Gadiformes whereas those of the cod are shorter, Family ....................... Gadidae broad, and rounded (the filament is one-quarter the length of the fin). Geographic range: Coastal waters of The caudal fin of the tomcod is the northwest Atlantic from southern rounded, in contrast to the squarish Labrador and northern Newfoundland fin of the cod. Coloration of the to Virginia (Figure 2). Generally tomcod is olive, olive-brown, or occurring in brackish water but muddy green, with some yellow on occasionally in freshwater (Bigelow the dorsal surface; lower lateral and Schroeder 1953; Leim and Scott surfaces have a more yellowish cast, 1966). especially in larger fish; dorsal fins are mottled with dark spots MORPHOLOGY/IDENTIFICATION AIDS or blotches; and the belly is gray or yellow-white and the margin of the anal fin is olive. Bigelow and Schroeder (1953) and Leim and Scott (1966) provided complete descriptions of the Atlantic Booth (1967) and Hardy (1978) tomcod and guides for its differen- provided descriptions of the tiation from other species. Atlantic development of eggs and larvae, tomcod generally have the same body which can be distinguished from plan as the much larger Atlantic other species on the basis of cod (Gadus morhua). The body is morphology. CANADA ,... ' MAINE 0o *o xI lop ,' V CAEO t AaPORTLAND*e( 4 A ATLANTIC M~AN 4 00 BOSTON CAPE COD Coastal distribution MASSACHUSET S MILES 0 %0 10 0 KILOMETERS 10 F-igure 2. Coastal distribution of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the 2 REASON FOR INCLUSION IN SERIES substrate (Bigelow and Shroeder 1953; Dew and Hecht 1976). Altantic tomcod are widespread Salinity affects fertilization, along coastal regions of the north- development, and subsequent hatching eastern coast of the U.S. They are success. Sperm motility is greatest abundant in estuarine habitats sucn as at low salinities (Booth 1967); hence river mouths and salt marshes. These fertilization success is also highest same habitats are subject to a wide at low salinity. Eggs generally occur variety of human sources of distur- and develop mostly in freshwater, due bance. to stream flow characteristics at the heads of estuaries; seawater intrusion occurs only at extreme high tides. LIFE HISTORY Normal development does not occur when eggs are continuuusly exposed to salinities of 30 ppt or higher (Peterson et al. 1980). Booth (1967) Spawning found that the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean Volume
    ISBN 0-9689167-4-x Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean (Davis Strait, Southern Greenland and Flemish Cap to Cape Hatteras) Volume One Acipenseriformes through Syngnathiformes Michael P. Fahay ii Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean iii Dedication This monograph is dedicated to those highly skilled larval fish illustrators whose talents and efforts have greatly facilitated the study of fish ontogeny. The works of many of those fine illustrators grace these pages. iv Early Stages of Fishes in the Western North Atlantic Ocean v Preface The contents of this monograph are a revision and update of an earlier atlas describing the eggs and larvae of western Atlantic marine fishes occurring between the Scotian Shelf and Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Fahay, 1983). The three-fold increase in the total num- ber of species covered in the current compilation is the result of both a larger study area and a recent increase in published ontogenetic studies of fishes by many authors and students of the morphology of early stages of marine fishes. It is a tribute to the efforts of those authors that the ontogeny of greater than 70% of species known from the western North Atlantic Ocean is now well described. Michael Fahay 241 Sabino Road West Bath, Maine 04530 U.S.A. vi Acknowledgements I greatly appreciate the help provided by a number of very knowledgeable friends and colleagues dur- ing the preparation of this monograph. Jon Hare undertook a painstakingly critical review of the entire monograph, corrected omissions, inconsistencies, and errors of fact, and made suggestions which markedly improved its organization and presentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Type Your Frontispiece Or Quote Page Here (If Any)
    A LATE MARITIME WOODLAND PESKOTOMUHKATI FISHERY FROM THE MAINLAND QUODDY REGION, SOUTHWESTERN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA by W. Jesse Webb B.A. (Hons.), Anthropology, 2009 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Graduate Academic Unit of Anthropology Supervisors: Susan E. Blair, Ph.D, Anthropology, Chair Matthew W. Betts, Ph.D, Anthropology Examining Board: Darcy J. Dignam, M.A., Anthropology Richard A. Cunjak, Ph.D., Biology This thesis is accepted by the Dean of Graduate Studies THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK April 2018 © William Jesse Webb, 2018 ABSTRACT The nature of precontact Indigenous fisheries and their significance to subsistence economies, seasonal mobility, and diachronic cultural change remain underdeveloped in the archaeology of the Maritime Peninsula, northeastern North America. This thesis presents an analysis of a precontact fishery from BgDs-15, a small shell-bearing site located on the northern mainland of Passamaquoddy Bay, southwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Several hundred bones recovered during the 2004 field excavations and over 3,000 fish remains from midden column and bulk feature samples were examined. Most of these fish bones are attributable to Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod Walbaum, 1792) and unidentified, tomcod-sized gadids, with some herring (Clupeidae) present. Multiple lines of complementary evidence, including taxonomic composition, relative abundances, skeletal element frequency, seasonality, and the ethnohistoric record were examined to produce a high-resolution analysis of the BgDs-15 fishery and provide insight into ancestral Peskotomuhkati settlement-subsistence strategies during the Late Maritime Woodland period (ca. 1350–550 BP). ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The process of developing this thesis has, on the one hand, been the ideal of curiosity-driven academic research and, on the other, a Sisyphean personal struggle.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Systematics of Gadid Fishes: Implications for the Biogeographic Origins of Pacific Species
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 19 Molecular systematics of gadid fishes: implications for the biogeographic origins of Pacific species Steven M. Carr, David S. Kivlichan, Pierre Pepin, and Dorothy C. Crutcher Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among 14 species of gadid fishes were investigated with portions of two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, a 401 base pair (bp) segment of the cytochrome b gene, and a 495 bp segment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene. The molecular data indicate that the three species of gadids endemic to the Pacific Basin represent simultaneous invasions by separate phylogenetic lineages. The Alaskan or walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) is about as closely related to the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as is the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), which suggests that T. chalcogramma and G. macrocephalus represent separate invasions of the Pacific Basin. The Pacific tomcod (Microgadus proximus) is more closely related to the Barents Sea navaga (Eleginus navaga) than to the congeneric Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod), which suggests that the Pacific species is derived from the Eleginus lineage and that Eleginus should be synonymized with Microgadus. Molecular divergences between each of the three endemic Pacific species and their respective closest relatives are similar and consistent with contemporaneous speciation events following the reopening of the Bering Strait ca. 3.0–3.5 million years BP. In contrast, the Greenland cod (Gadus ogac) and the Pacific cod have essentially identical mtDNA sequences; differences between them are less than those found within G. morhua. The Greenland cod appears to represent a contemporary northward and eastward range extension of the Pacific cod, and should be synonymized with it as G.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Sense from Non-Sense Dna: De Novo Genesis and Evolutionary History of Antifreeze Glycoprotein Gene in Northern Cod Fishes (Gadidae)
    CREATING SENSE FROM NON-SENSE DNA: DE NOVO GENESIS AND EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF ANTIFREEZE GLYCOPROTEIN GENE IN NORTHERN COD FISHES (GADIDAE) BY XUAN ZHUANG DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with a concentration in Ecology, Ethology, and Evolution in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Chi-Hing Christina Cheng, Chair, Director of Research Professor Arthur L. DeVries Professor Gary J. Olsen Associate Professor Kurt E. Kwast ABSTRACT Gadids (cod fishes) are ecologically prominent and important species of the north polar marine fauna. Seven gadid species are known to have evolved antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) that enable their survival from inoculative freezing by environmental ice in frigid Arctic and sub- Arctic waters. AFGPs protect the fish from freezing death by binding to ice crystals and arresting ice growth within the fish. How and from where this important new genetic trait evolved in the gadid genome remained unknown, as thus far there are no homologous sequences in databases to infer genetic ancestry based on sequence homology. Additionally, the seven AFGP-bearing species are dispersed in separate clades of the gadid phylogeny, indicating a complicated evolutionary history of AFGP in the gadid lineage. The AFGP loci in three gadid species were isolated and characterized to investigate the genetic origin and evolutionary pathway of the AFGP gene family in the gadid lineage. Two of these species are polar cod Boreogadus saida and Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod, which occur in distinct clades representing two possible separate origins of the gadid AFGP.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Seabirds
    Atlantic Seabirds Vol. 2. /10 . 1 (2000) Journal ofThe Seabird Group and the Dutch Seabird Group Atlantic Seabirds Edited by c.J. Camphuysen & J.B. Reid ATLANTIC SEABJRDS is the official journal ofthe SEABIRD GROUP and the DUTCH SEABIRD GROUP (Nederlandse Zeevogelgroep, NZG), and is the continuance of their respective journals, SEA BIRD (following no. 20, 1998) and SULA (following vol. 12 no. 4, 1998). ATLANTIC SEABJRDS will publish papers and short communications on any aspect of seabird biology and these will be peer­ reviewed. The geographical focus of the journal is the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas at all latitudes, but contributions are' also welcome from other parts of the world provided they are of general interest. ATLANTIC SEA BIRDS is indexed in the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries abstracts, Ecology Abstracts and Animal Behaviour Abstracts ofCambridge Scientific databases and journals. The SEABIRD GROUP and the DUTCH SEABIRD GROUP retain copyright and written permission must be sought from the editors before any figure, table or plate, or extensive part ofthe text is reproduced. Such permission will not be denied unreasonably, but will be granted only after consultation with the relevant author(s). Editors: C.J. Camphuysen (NZG), Ankerstraat 20, 1794 BJ Oosterend, Texel, The Netherlands, tel/fax + 31 222 318744, e-mail [email protected] Dr J.B. Reid (Seabird Group), c/o Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), Dunnet House, 7 Thistle Place, Aberdeen AB 10 IUZ, Scotland, Ll.Ki, e-mail [email protected]. Offers ofpapers should be addressed to either editor. Editorial board: H. Brazier, Ireland; Dr S.
    [Show full text]
  • Registration Document Section
    FINAL REPORT 5.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 5.1 Geology The bedrock of Nova Scotia contains an abundance of salt formations. Salt is mined by underground methods and by solution mining methods. The thickness, depth of burial and amount of structural deformation of salt formations varies considerably throughout the province. Salt formations which are suitable for gas storage in caverns must meet several criteria. The formations must be thick enough to easily accommodate the space required for storage caverns within the upper and lower boundaries of the salt. Also, the salt must be buried at a sufficient depth to withstand high pressure natural gas; the deeper the depth of burial, the higher the maximum allowable pressure, which improves the economics of a gas storage project. Finally, the structural deformation of the salt, which takes place over geological time, cannot be too severe, otherwise caverns will not form in an anticipated shape, in accordance with the geotechnical design, which maximizes strength and stability of the cavern. Many of the salt formations in Nova Scotia, such as in Pugwash, Nepan and Cape Breton, are highly deformed and folded and are not suitable for natural gas storage. The Alton Project area is underlain by the Shubenacadie – Stewiacke basin, which contains a large, flat-lying bedded salt formation referred to as the Stewiacke formation, which is part of the Windsor Group. This basin has been described by R.C. Boehner (1986) as: “The deposit’s thickness, its relatively undisturbed nature, its great lateral extent and reasonable depth, and the virtual absence of salt springs, all favor use for the future development of mines and underground storage facilities.” This description indicates potential for underground storage of gas in the Shubenacadie – Stewiacke basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries, Gamefish
    Microgadus tomcod, Atlantic tomcod: fisheries, gamefish Microgadus tomcod More info | Plus d'info | Mais info | Fishwatchers: Add your observation | Attach your web site to this page | NEW! Upload your photos for this fish | FishBase English | Español | Portugu곉 ( Br , Pt ) | Fran硩s | Deutsch | Italiano | Nederlands | | | More Languages... Advertisement Microgadus tomcod Atlantic tomcod You can sponsor this page Microgadus tomcod (Walbaum, 1792) picture (Mitom_u0.gif) by FAO Family: Gadidae (Cods and haddocks) Order: Gadiformes (cods) Class: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) FishBase name: Atlantic tomcod Max. size: 38.1 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 5951) AquaMaps | Point map Environment: demersal; anadromous (Ref. 51243); freshwater; brackish; marine; depth range 0 – 69 m Climate: temperate; 52°N - 36°N, 77°w - 52°w Importance: fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; price category: low; price reliability: reliable: based on ex- vessel price for this species Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tm=2-4) Distribution: Northwest Atlantic: southern Labrador in Canada to Virginia in USA. Gazetteer Morphology: Dorsal spines (total): 0 - 0; Anal spines: 0. Body elongated; head small; eyes relatively small. Pelvic fins with a slightly elongated filament. Olive green brown or yellow dorsally, paler ventrally; with dark mottling on sides and fins. Biology: Found in coastal, brackish and fresh water, landlocked in several lakes. Feeds mostly on small crustaceans, (especially shrimps and amphipods); also worms, small mollusks, squids and fishes (smelt, sticklebacks, striped bass, alewives, shed, herring and sculpins (Ref. 5951)) (Ref. 1371). Red List Status: Not in IUCN Red List (Ref. 57073) Dangerous: harmless Coordinator: Main Ref: Cohen, D.M., T.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cod Family and Its Utilization
    The Cod Family and Its Utilization JOHN J. RYAN Figure I.-Atlantic cod. Introduction without dried cod, for ships could carry cod, Gadus macrocephalus; 6) Atlantic no perishable food as staples. cod, Gadus morhua morhua; 7) Green­ Spanish explorers came to the New The cod family, from an economic land cod, Gadus ogac; 8) cusk, Brosme World to find gold and precious stones, point of view, is the most important of brosme; 9) fourbeard rockling, En­ but the French and Portuguese, fol­ all the families of fishes. The members chelyopus cimbrius; 10) burbot, Lota lowed by the English, crossed the At­ of the cod family are second only to the Iota; 11) haddock, Melanogrammus lantic to catch fish, especially the Atlan­ herring family in volume of commer­ aeglefinus; 12) silver hake (whiting), tic cod, Gadus morhua. In the 16th cial landings (Table 1). In contrast to Merluccius bilinearis; 13) Pacific hake, century, French and Portuguese vessels the herring family, which is often used Merluccius productus; 14) longfin fished the Grand Bank off Newfound­ for industrial purposes, almost all hake, Phycis chesteri; 15) luminous land. By the early 17th century, the of the cod, haddock, hakes, and whit­ hake, Steindachneria argentea; 16) red New England colonists were fishing for ings are used for human food. In hake, Urophycis chuss; 17) Gulf hake, cod (Fig. 1) in the local waters. In 1624 1976, 12,116,000 metric tons (t) Urophycis cirratus; 18) Carolina hake, "not less than 50 vessels from Glouces­ (26,710,000,000 pounds) of the cod Urophycis earlli; 19) southern hake, ter" fished with handlines off the coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Tomcod
    .-REFERENC~~COPY - Do Not Remove from the Library U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Notiona t Wetlands Research Center Biological Report 82 (1 1.76) /OU Lajun Dome Boulevard 7m TR EL-82.4 ~ugust1987 hfgyette, L~Fsiana Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) ATLANTIC TOMCOD Coastal Ecology Group Fish and Wildlife Service Waterways Experiment Station U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Biological Report 82(11.76) TR EL-82-4 August 1987 Species Profi les: Life Hi stories and Envi ronmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) ATLANTIC TOMCOD Lance L. Stewart and Peter J. Auster NOAA's National Undersea Research Program The University of Connecticut at Avery Point Groton, CT 06340 Project Manager Carroll Cordes Project Officer David Moran U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Research Center 1010 Gause Boulevard Slidell, LA 70458 Performed for Coastal Ecology Group U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg, MS 39180 and U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Research and Development National Wetlands Research Center Washington, DC 20240 This series may be referenced as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983-19 . Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastfi fishes and invertebrates. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. This profile may be cited as follows: Stewart, L. L., and P.J. Auster. 1987. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (North Atlantic)--Atlantic tomcod.
    [Show full text]
  • Protocols for Research Vessel Cruises Within the Gulf Region (Demersal Fish) (1970-1987)
    Scientific Excellence· Resource Protection & Conservation· Benefits for Canadians Excellence scientifique • Protection et conservation des ressources • Benefices aux Canadiens Protocols for Research Vessel Cruises within the Gulf Region (Demersal Fish) (1970-1987) Edited by: Thomas Hurlbut and Douglas Clay Marine and Anadromous Fish Division Gulf Fisheries Center Department of Fisheries and Oceans P.O. Box 5030, Moncton, ew Brunswick, CANADA E1C 9B6 April 1990 Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2082 Fisheries PEkhes and Oceans et Oceans Canada Canadian lanuscript Report of f isherie and quatic Science ntnhut alltl ,lnJ lanu lflpt report <lr rrodu~ed reglOlhill\ but re numb r d 11,ltlOnall\ Rt:41l I for Illdl Idu,1! rtp)[t \ III hI: fllkd h Ih I UIIl..' I: t, bll hm nt II t d In Ih frolll o\er and title paue. Out-I)I- toe r pon \\ III be llpphcd lor a Icc b~ )111 Il1crctaI agent Rapport manuscrit canadien de sciences halieutiques et aquatiques Lt: rappor! UJ dt g Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 2082 April 1990 Protocols for Research Vessel Cruises within the Gulf Region (Demersal Fish) (1970-1987) edited by: Thomas Hurlbut and Douglas Clay Marine and Anadromous Fish Division Gulf Fisheries Center Department of Fisheries and Oceans P.O. Box 5030 Moncton, New Brunswick CANADA EIC 9B6 (c) Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1990 Cat. No. Fs 97-4/2082E ISSN 0706-6473 DFO/2082 correct citation for this pUblication: Hurlbut,T. and D.Clay (eds) 1990. Protocols for Research Vessel Cruises within the Gulf Region (Demersal Fish) (1970-1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Tomcod
    Biological Report 82 (11.78) August 1987 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) ATLANTIC TOMCOD QL 155 .S63 no.82- 11.76 Coastal Ecology Group Fish and Wildlife Service Waterways Experiment Station U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Biological Report 82(11.76) TR EL-82-4 August 1987 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (North Atlantic) ATLANTIC TOMCOD Lance L. Stewart and Peter J. Auster NOAA's National Undersea Research Program The University of Connecticut at Avery Point Groton, CT 06340 Project Manager Carroll Cordes Project Officer David Moran U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Research Center 1010 Gause Boulevard Slidell, LA 70458 Performed for Coastal Ecology Group U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg, MS 39180 and U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Research and Development National Wetlands Research Center Washington, DC 20240 W c This series may be referenced as follows: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1983-19 . Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coasts fishes and invertebrates. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. This profile may be cited as follows: Stewart, L.L., and P.J. Auster. 1987. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (North Atlantic)--Atlantic tomcod. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.76). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantic Coast Fisheries Data Collection Standards APPENDIX C | CODES and FORMAT
    Atlantic Coast Fisheries Data Collection Standards APPENDIX C | CODES AND FORMAT List of Tables: Table C-1: STANDARD CODE FORMATS FOR REQUIRED INFORMATION TO BE PROVIDED ON A TRIP BASIS BY ATLANTIC COAST DEALERS AND FISHERMEN UNDER THE ACCSP STANDARDS FOR COMMERCIAL DATA Table C-2: STANDARD CODE FORMATS FOR REQUIRED INFORMATION TO BE COLLECTED ON A TRIP BASIS FROM ALL ATLANTIC COAST RECREATIONAL FISHERMEN UNDER THE ACCSP RECREATIONAL AND FOR-HIRE DATA COLLECTION PROGRAMS Table C-3: STANDARD CODES AND FORMATS FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT, LENGTH TYPE, DEALER IDENTIFICATION, GENERAL FISHING AREA, AND ACCESS SITE TYPE Table C-4: STANDARD ACCSP GEAR CODESa Table C-5: STANDARD DISPOSITION CODESb Table C-6: STANDARD ACCSP CODES FOR MARKET CATEGORIES (BASED ON MARKET SIZE) Table C-7: STANDARD ACCSP CODES FOR GRADE CATEGORIES (LANDING CONDITION) Table C-8: COMMONLY USED SPECIES AND CODES Table C-9: STANDARD CODES FOR STATE AND COUNTY OF LANDING (FIPS CODES)c Table C-10: STANDARD CODES FOR RECREATIONAL FISHING MODES Table C-11: TWINE SIZE CONVERSION CODES FOR SINK AND DRIFT GILLNETS Table C-12: STANDARD NOTE CODES FOR ENTANGLEMENT SITUATIONS Table C-13: STANDARD NOTE CODES FOR CONDITION OF ANIMALS Table C-14: STANDARD NOTE CODES FOR SAMPLE TYPES Table C-15: STANDARD NOTE CODES FOR SEA TURTLE STRANDING DATA a Partners shall collect or convert gear-type data into the coarsest gear category level (the gear code ending in zero). b Only fishermen and dealers will use general utilization codes and protected species codes. All other codes will be used in the At-sea Observer Program.
    [Show full text]