Qd „c Qu Qu „vcr Qu Qf Qd „vcr ‰„c „vcr Qd Qf „c Ql Qa Qf MAP LEGEND YAKIMA Ql ‰„c k Cowiche Qf r Cr Qu Qf Qa o 24 Geology of the Yakima Valley F Qa Selah ‰„c „v Qf Qa Ql cr Qd Qf Soils Soil Descriptions Boundaries Roads and Streams „vcr Qu ‰„c Qd Qf Shano Soils formed in deep loess Ql Qu Ql Qd 82 Townships 82 Interstate highway Qu Qd „vcr Ql Qu Ql 12 „vcr Ql Qf Qf Soils formed in loess over sandy and silty Ql Qf Rotary Ritzville Yakima Valley American Area 12 24 U.S. and state highways „c th Qf u Lake glacial-flood slackwater sediments Qu o MOUNTAIN th „c „vcr S Red Mountain American Viticulture Area „vcr Qa 24 Qu Qa Qf Streams „vcr Ql Warden Soils formed in deep, wind-blown sand „vcr Qu Qf C „c 82 Qu 240 ow Berglund Rattlesnake American Viticulture Area Qf iche Irrigation canals 12 „c C Lake Lake reek Myron Qu Wapato „v Quincy Soils formed in deep, wind-blown sand 2000 ft contour—too cold for wine grapes „c „c cr „c Ql Qd Qf „vcr Qu COWICHE above this elevation Ql Soils formed in wind-blown sand over sandy 22 Qf Hezel Ql Qa Ql and silty glacial-flood slackwater sediments „vcr Qf YAKIMA Sections with at least one vineyard (wine or juice grapes) Qf Qu 241 Qu Ql Ql Qu Qu Soils formed in loess or fine flood sediments over a Qa Qf Qmw State lands Qf C Burke Ql West lime-silica cemented hardpan at 20 to 40 inches depth o l W u ide Qf Toppenish Richland Qf Ql m U.S. Bureau of Land Management lands Ql H Soils formed in loess over old alluvium with a lime- Qa Ql Ql b ollo YAKIMA Qd i w Creek Harwood-Burke-Wiehl RIDGE N C a old Granger silica cemented hardpan at 20 to 40 inches depth Cities Ql 82 12 Ql Qa Ql Ql Qa Qf Qf Moxee Burbank Soils formed in deep, sandy to gravelly alluvium Yakama Indian Reservation (no soil data) Parker „vcr CQur Sunnyside Reservoir Scooteney or glacial flood sediments eek Ql Qmw Qf Qf Qf scale 1:110,000 22 Ql Qd Qa „vcr Benton R Union Kiona Soils formed in deep mixtures of loess and Qu Qa City Qf 0 12 34 5 miles Gap Qmw Lickskillet slope wash from basalt Ql 82 Grandview Qa Qa Qf Qf R E S E RVAT I O N Ql „vcr MOXEE „c Ql Qf Unfavorable soils Soils that are shallow, on slopes greater than 0 5 8 kilometers 12 „vcr Qf 30 degrees, and/or oversaturated Ql Qf Ql Prosser Ql Creek N „vcr Qf N D I A „c I „vcr Qf htanum Ql Ql A Ql Y A K A M A Qa „vcr 221 0 5 miles Dry 97 „c Qf VALLEY „vcr Qf RIDGE Ql Ql Ql 0 5 8 kilometers Ql AHTANUM 240 Ql 24 Ql Ql eek 2000 Cr „c Geology Legend „c Qmw Ql Geologic Units Geologic Symbols Y RATTLESNAKE 241 a Qa Quaternary alluvium Contact k 97 im Anticline — Showing direction of plunge; dotted a Quaternary unconsolidated deposits P Qu where concealed a (undifferentiated) te m Syncline — Showing direction of plunge; dotted a 82 HILLS s 12 Qd C Quaternary dune sediments where concealed 2000 old Monocline, anticlinal bend — Dotted where Ql Quaternary loess concealed

Qmw Quaternary mass-wasting deposits Fault — Dashed where inferred, dotted where r concealed C C re Y S e A e Qf Quaternary outburst-flood deposits Thrust fault — Sawteeth on upper plate; dotted o k Wapato K uth ak C A sn r where concealed M le A tt Pliocene to lower Miocene continental Medicine a ‰„c Right-lateral strike-slip fault — Arrows show R sedimentary rocks (Ringold Formation) ek relative movement; dotted where concealed re C „c Miocene continental sedimentary rocks Left-lateral strike-slip fault — Arrows show relative C movement; dotted where concealed r ulphur W R S „v Miocene basalts a iv cr Normal fault — Bar and ball on downthrown side; n e Zillah r i r C

Brownstown ty dotted where concealed C

Sim o I r co N e S D 2000 r im Harrah I a c A l oe N Cr S n i p C e r s Creek White g in r Swan p C S r

Toppenish k e re C

T Y o p a p k e n 2000 i m is 22 C ek h 241 re a C o ency S Ag l l k o e u RICHLAND u e g r h Granger 82 12 Fort Simcoe ish C 97 m Toppen Cr WEST b S i NI a Mud Lake PE 240 R S E Sunnyside S M E T R V N ll Toppe A T RICHLAND i ni I O M sh Creek N

re Benton C ek City Olney 2000 Lake RIDGE Oleys R Lake i v TOPPENISH us R e Sat r iv ry 12 e D Cr 82 r eek Horseshoe Pond 12 ttle Sea Cr Grandview 182 eek Giffin ek Lake re usy eek C Lo Cr Y a k im

a 82 Horseshoe Lake 12 Prosser HILLS Creek us at Oak S Mabton

ION M Byron u r ashington is second only to and Miocene continental sedimentary rocks of the VAT 22 ve 82 l Ponds Ri e

California in wine production in the Ellensburg Formation. The Ellensburg Formation

RESER

221

United States. Its vineyards and wines consists of tuffaceous sandstone, siltstone, and E

as

t W D are recognized for their quality and distinctive conglomerate. These stream-deposited sediments were r y

B

character. This map focuses on the potential derived from volcanic material ejected by late Cascade r VEN a

n

Vitis vinifera c of the Yakima Valley to grow Range volcanoes. The Burke series soils formed in HEA h

grapes. Most vineyards are east loess (windblown silts) mixed with material from the C r e INDIAN e of the on soils formed from Ellensburg Formation. Lickskillet and Kiona soils k

G

l a Quaternary glacial outburst-flood deposits formed in colluvium and residuum derived from d and other sediments that overlie Miocene Columbia River basalts. Shano and Ritzville soils HORSE e

Columbia River basalts. Currently there are more formed in loess. Warden soils are coincident with C than 31,000 acres of producing wine-grape vineyards glacial outburst-flood deposits and formed in loess r k AMA k ee ree in Washington. overlying glacial lake sediments. r C C YAK k e The Yakima Valley AVA, designated in 1983, is Also shown on the map are irrigation canals, e r de C la the oldest American Viticulture Area in Washington. land ownership, and sections where at least one ule G M ry It includes within it the newer and vineyard is planted. Unfortunately, we were not able D Red Mountain AVAs. The three combined have to differentiate vineyards growing wine grapes from

le u approximately 13,500 acres planted to wine grapes. those growing concord juice grapes. Concord grapes M

Based on the information shown on this map, there are are typically planted in low-lying areas in river valleys YAKIMA potentially 200,000 acres that could be planted to that have abundant water at shallow depth, whereas Slope Aspect of the Yakima Valleyl YAKIMA wine grapes in the three AVAs, although this does not wine grapes are planted on well-drained soils on slopes Legend SSlopelopep of Favorable Soils in the Yakimamma VValleylllley Legend 0–5% slope take into account the availability of irrigation water where there is good air drainage. We did not consider North-facing slopes (315–45 degrees) South-facing slopes (135–225 degrees) >5–20% slope and would necessitate conversion of many thousands climate as a criterion, since has 24 24 of acres of land from more than 50 other crops and an optimum climate for wine grape production— >20–30% slope 22 commodities. approximately 6 to 8 inches (15–45 cm) of rainfall 82 This map shows the soils suitable for wine grapes annually with a pronounced winter maximum and 240 Wapato 82 Wapato 12 (that is, at an elevation of less than 2000 feet, well warm, dry summers. We analyzed the terrain, however, 12

drained, and at least 18 inches deep). We further for aspect, dividing the Yakima Valley into two 241 divided the soils based on slope angles of 0 to 5%, categories: north-facing slopes between 135 and West West C Toppenish Toppenish C o Richland Richland o 5 to 20%, and 20 to 30%. Slopes steeper than 30 225 azimuthal degrees and south-facing slopes l u l u m 22 m b Granger b degrees would require terracing and were eliminated between 315 and 45 azimuthal degrees. Aspect may Granger i a i a from consideration. The major soils in the Yakima be important, depending on the grape variety, but 240 82 82 12 12

Valley suitable for growing wine grapes are Burbank, generally the slope aspect in the Yakima Valley is Sunnyside Sunnyside Harwood-Burke-Wiehl, Burke, Hezel, Kiona, not an important criterion for vineyard selection 22 Benton R Benton Lickskillet, Quincy, Ritzville, Scooteney, Shano, and because there are more than enough degree days for City City R Grandview 82 Grandview 82 Warden. Soil survey information was not available for most grape varieties. 12 the Yakama Indian Reservation. This map is intended for general planning 12 22 Geology and soils are often difficult to correlate. purposes only and should not be used as a guide to Prosser Prosser In the Yakima Valley, however, comparison of the specific parcels of land. Before selecting a site for wine geologic map with the soil map offers some insight into grapes, consult an expert. A site-specific investigation 97 the origin of the soils. For instance, there is clearly a is advisable. 97 0 5 miles 221 0 5 miles 221 relationship between the Harwood-Burke-Wiehl soils 0 5 8 kilometers 0 5 8 kilometers Potential Growing Areas for Wine Grapes in the Yakima Valley, Washington Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Resource Map 3 Yakima Co. Cartography by Elizabeth E. Thompson, Jessica L. Czajkowski, Anne C. Heinitz,

Loren R. Baker, Isabelle Y. Sarikhan, and Rebecca A. Niggemann Benton Co. Editing and design by Jaretta M. Roloff and Anne C. Heinitz Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/AboutDNR/Divisions/GER/ by David K. Norman (Washington Department of Natural Resources), Alan J. Busacca (Vinitas Vineyard Consultants, LLC), and Wade Wolfe (Thurston Wolfe Winery) © 2009 Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources