DOCSLIB.ORG

Wilmington, Delaware Tall Case.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wilmington, Delaware Tall Case.Pdf INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Beil & Howell Information Company - 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 1347794 Wilmington, Delaware tall case clocks, 1740-1840 Brocklebank, Lynn Ann, M.A. University of Delaware, 1991 Copyright© 1 9 9 1 by Brocklebank, LynnA n n . All rights reserved. UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE TALL CASE CLOCKS, 1740-184-0 by Lynn A. Brocklebank A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Uni­ versity of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Early American Culture August 1991 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE TALL CASE CLOCKS, 1740-184-0 by Lynn A. Brocklebank Approved: ’_________ J./Ritchie Garrison* Ph. D. Professor ira ch&rge\ of^'thesis on behalf of the ^dvi^o\-y ($pmm\t£ee Approved: -A-JMia-p DonaTtrL. Penn? Professor in chefrg'^-'of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: I T ___________ Jarfhes C. Curtis, P h . D . firector, Winterthur Program in Early ^met^ican Material Culture Approved: ■ I z . Carol E. Hof f ecke/1/Ph . D. Acting Associate (Provost for Graduate Stud ies Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the assistance given me by many people in researching and writing this thesis. I am grateful to Tom Beckman, Constance Cooper, Ellen Rendell, and Kevin Kennard of the Historical Society of Delaware for allowing me extensive use of their magnif­ icent manuscript collection and examination of their fine collection of tall case clocks. Several other manuscript repositories were significant to this study and I extend thanks to the staffs of the following . institutions: Friends Historical Library of Swarthmore College, Delaware State Archives, University of Delaware Library, and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. I especially commend Neville Thompson, librarian of Winterthur Museum Library, for her patience and forti­ tude in coping with my frequent visits to use the Winterthur Museum's impressive decorative arts library. I am grateful to Bert Denker of the Decorative Arts Photographic Collection, Winterthur Museum, for direct­ ing my search for privately owned clocks and for pro­ viding the sources for the illustrations for this i i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. i v thesis. As part of this research on Wilmington tall case clocks, I examined over forty clocks in both public and private collections. I am grateful to the numerous people whose generous efforts enabled me to carefully examine and photograph their tall case clocks. My greatest debt is to my advisers, Donald L. Fennimore and J. Ritchie Garrison, for their encoui— agement, constructive criticism, scholarly guidance and their unending patience with my thesis. I would espe­ cially like to thank Deborah Anne Federhen for reading and editing this manuscript through numerous revisions and late nights and for her.never failing belief that I would finish this thesis. I would also like to thank Cynthia Robinson for help in the mechanics of preparing the finished product. And Kendall Robinson for prompt and expert assistance with my computer crises. And finally, I would like to thank my parents, Joy and David Brocklebank, for their continual financial and emotional support throughout the five years of this project. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Ded icated to Joy and David Brocklebank v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............... ............... vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................... viii ABSTRACT .................................................. xi Chapter I HISTORY OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE .................... 1 II CABINET, CLOCK, AND WATCH MAKERS .................. 12 The Craftsmen .................................. 12 The Clocks ...................................... 1? III 21 BA FERRIS ACCOUNT BOOKS, 1807-1B50 ....... 34 IV CONCLUSIONS .....................,..................... 47 APPENDICES ................................................. 52 REFERENCES ................................................ 230 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................. 262 vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES Table A Wilmington Clock and Cabinet Makers Vital Statistics ........................... 53 Table B Wilmington Clock and Cabinet Makers Working Dates ...................... 54- Table C Wilmington Clock and Cabinet Makers Shop Locations and Map .................55 Table D Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Watch Repairs .......................... 58 Table E Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Clock Terminology .............. .59 Table F Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Clock Repairs ............................... 60 Table G Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Yearly Analysis .............................61 Table H Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Annual Transactions ........................ 63 Table I Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Career Phases ............................... 64 Table J Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Monthly Transactions ....................... 65 Table K Ziba Ferris Accounts, 1807-1848, Seasonal Transactions ....................... 66 vi i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Jacob Alrichs tall case clock, detail of label (Private Collection) .............. 67 Figure E Thomas Crow tall case clock, detail • of signature (Private Collection) ......... 68 Figure 3 George Crow tall case clock, detail of label (Private Collection) .............. 69 Figure 4 Tall Case Clock Construction ............... 70 Figure 5 Bonnet Construction of Tall Case Clocks ... 71 Figure 6 Detail of Seat Board with additional holes 7S Figure 7 Diagram of Bonnet Frame Tenons ............ 73 Figure 8 George Crow tall case clock, overall (Private Collection) ......................... 74 Figure 9 George Crow tall case clock, overall (Historical Society of Delaware)............ 75 Figure 10 George Crow tall case clock, detail of Bonnet (Figure 9) 76 Figure 11 Interior Sidelight Shapes ..... 77 Figure IS Diagram of Bonnet Cross Sections .......... 78 Figure 13 George Crow tall case clock, detail of Waist (Figure 9) .......................... 79 Figure 14 George Whitelock tall case clock, overall (HSD) .................................. 80 Figure 15 George Whitelock tall case clock, detail of label (Figure 14) ......................... 81 vi i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. i x Figure 16 George Whitelock tall case clock, detail of top (Figure 14) . ........... 82 Figure 17 George Whitelock tall case clock, detail of back of pediment box (Figure 14)........ 83 Figure 18 George Whitelock tall case clock, detail of waist door (Figure 14) ................... 84 Figure 19 Thomas Crow tall case clock, overall (HSD) ............... 85 Figure 20 Thomas Crow tall case clock, overall (Private Collection).......................... 86 Figure 21 Thomas Crow tall case clock, detail base corners (Figure 20)..................... 87 Figure 22 Thomas Crow tall case clock, detail base corners ..(Figure 19)..................... 88 Figure 23 Thomas Crow tall case clock, detail scroll supports (Figure 19) ................. 89 Figure 24 Thomas Crow tall case clock,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PEAES Guide: the Historical Society of Pennsylvania
    PEAES Guide: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania http://www.librarycompany.org/Economics/PEAESguide/hsp.htm Keyword Search Entire Guide View Resources by Institution Search Guide Institutions Surveyed - Select One The Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1300 Locust Street Philadelphia, PA 19107 215-732-6200 http://www.hsp.org Overview: The entries in this survey highlight some of the most important collections, as well as some of the smaller gems, that researchers will find valuable in their work on the early American economy. Together, they are a representative sampling of the range of manuscript collections at HSP, but scholars are urged to pursue fruitful lines of inquiry to locate and use the scores of additional materials in each area that is surveyed here. There are numerous helpful unprinted guides at HSP that index or describe large collections. Some of these are listed below, especially when they point in numerous directions for research. In addition, the HSP has a printed Guide to the Manuscript Collections of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania (HSP: Philadelphia, 1991), which includes an index of proper names; it is not especially helpful for searching specific topics, item names, of subject areas. In addition, entries in the Guide are frequently too brief to explain the richness of many collections. Finally, although the on-line guide to the manuscript collections is generally a reproduction of the Guide, it is at present being updated, corrected, and expanded. This survey does not contain a separate section on land acquisition, surveying, usage, conveyance, or disputes, but there is much information about these subjects in the individual collections reviewed below.
    [Show full text]
  • Delaware in the American Revolution (2002)
    Delaware in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati Delaware in the American Revolution An Exhibition from the Library and Museum Collections of The Society of the Cincinnati Anderson House Washington, D. C. October 12, 2002 - May 3, 2003 HIS catalogue has been produced in conjunction with the exhibition, Delaware in the American Revolution , on display from October 12, 2002, to May 3, 2003, at Anderson House, THeadquarters, Library and Museum of the Society of the Cincinnati, 2118 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D. C. 20008. It is the sixth in a series of exhibitions focusing on the contributions to the American Revolution made by the original 13 he season loudly calls for the greatest efforts of every states and the French alliance. Tfriend to his Country. Generous support for this exhibition was provided by the — George Washington, Wilmington, to Caesar Rodney, Delaware State Society of the Cincinnati. August 31, 1777, calling for the assistance of the Delaware militia in rebuffing the British advance to Philadelphia. Collections of the Historical Society of Delaware Also available: Massachusetts in the American Revolution: “Let It Begin Here” (1997) New York in the American Revolution (1998) New Jersey in the American Revolution (1999) Rhode Island in the American Revolution (2000) Connecticut in the American Revolution (2001) Text by Ellen McCallister Clark and Emily L. Schulz. Front cover: Domenick D’Andrea. “The Delaware Regiment at the Battle of Long Island, August 27, 1776.” [detail] Courtesy of the National Guard Bureau. See page 11. ©2002 by The Society of the Cincinnati.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Magazine of HISTORY and BIOGRAPHY
    THE Pennsylvania Magazine OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY John Swanwick: Spokesman for "Merchant-Republicanism ' In Philadelphia, 1790-179 8 HE literature on the era of Jeffersonian democracy is largely- dominated by the great triumvirate of Thomas Jefferson, TJames Madison, and Albert Gallatin.* During the last dec- ade, however, historians have been paying more attention to state and local political leaders who played significant roles in the Demo- cratic-Republican movement.1 Among the more notable second-rank * In a somewhat abbreviated form this article was presented as a paper at the annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Historical Association held at Williamsport, Pa., on Oct. 22-23, 1971. The author wishes to express his gratitude to his colleague, Bernard Sternsher, for his helpful editorial suggestions. 1 Historians have given most of their attention to secondary Federalists, but since i960 the number of modern scholarly biographies of less prominent Republicans has increased. We now have first-rate biographies on Robert R. Livingston, David Rittenhouse, Aaron Burr, Daniel D. Tompkins, John Breckinridge, Luther Martin, Benjamin Rush (2), Samuel Smith, and James Monroe. There are also a number of good unpublished doctoral dissertations. Among the more notable studies are those on Elkanah Watson, Simon Snyder, Mathew Carey, Samuel Latham Mitchell, Melancton Smith, Levi Woodbury, William Lowndes, William Duane, William Jones (2), Eleazer Oswald, Thomas McKean, Levi Lincoln, Ephraim Kirby, and John Nicholson. Major biographies of Tench Coxe by Jacob E. Cooke, of John Beckley by Edmund Berkeley, and of Thomas McKean by John M. Coleman and Gail Stuart Rowe are now in progress. 131 132 ROLAND M.
    [Show full text]
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1976, Volume 71, Issue No. 3
    AKfLAND •AZIN Published Quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society FALL 1976 Vol. 71, No. 3 BOARD OF EDITORS JOSEPH L. ARNOLD, University of Maryland, Baltimore County JEAN BAKER, Goucher College GARY BROWNE, Wayne State University JOSEPH W. COX, Towson State College CURTIS CARROLL DAVIS, Baltimore RICHARD R. DUNCAN, Georgetown University RONALD HOFFMAN, University of Maryland, College Park H. H. WALKER LEWIS, Baltimore EDWARD C. PAPENFUSE, Hall of Records BENJAMIN QUARLES, Morgan State College JOHN B. BOLES, Editor, Towson State College NANCY G. BOLES, Assistant Editor RICHARD J. COX, Manuscripts MARY K. MEYER, Genealogy MARY KATHLEEN THOMSEN, Graphics FORMER EDITORS WILLIAM HAND BROWNE, 1906-1909 LOUIS H. DIELMAN, 1910-1937 JAMES W. FOSTER, 1938-1949, 1950-1951 HARRY AMMON, 1950 FRED SHELLEY, 1951-1955 FRANCIS C. HABER 1955-1958 RICHARD WALSH, 1958-1967 RICHARD R. DUNCAN, 1967-1974 P. WILLIAM FILBY, Director ROMAINE S. SOMERVILLE, Assistant Director The Maryland Historical Magazine is published quarterly by the Maryland Historical Society, 201 W. Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. Contributions and correspondence relating to articles, book reviews, and any other editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor in care of the Society. All contributions should be submitted in duplicate, double-spaced, and consistent with the form out- lined in A Manual of Style (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969). The Maryland Historical Society disclaims responsibility for statements made by contributors. Composed and printed at Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland 21202,. Second-class postage paid at Baltimore, Maryland. © 1976, Maryland Historical Society. 6 0F ^ ^^^f^i"^^lARYLA/ i ^ RECORDS LIBRARY \9T6 00^ 26 HIST NAPOLIS, M^tl^ND Fall 1976 #.
    [Show full text]
  • Tea Trade, Consumption, and the Republican Paradox in Prerevolutionary Philadelphia Jane T
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons History Faculty Publications History 2004 Tea Trade, Consumption, and the Republican Paradox in Prerevolutionary Philadelphia Jane T. Merritt Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_fac_pubs Part of the Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Repository Citation Merritt, Jane T., "Tea Trade, Consumption, and the Republican Paradox in Prerevolutionary Philadelphia" (2004). History Faculty Publications. 29. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/history_fac_pubs/29 Original Publication Citation Merritt, J. T. (2004). Tea trade, consumption, and the republican paradox in prerevolutionary Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Magazine of History & Biography, 128(2), 117-148. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ~£f ft"\ THE ~ Pennsylvania ~ OF HMO~YgA~~!r~\~APHY ~~~~~H=:;;;;;;~~~H~H~H~~~ Tea Trade, Consumption, and the Republican Paradox in Prerevolutionary Philadelphia N JANUARY 2, 1774, a usually cool and controlled William Smith 0 wrote heatedly to his trade partners in New York, "Vanderbelt has sent a parcell of his Trash to Town [per] White & Son wh [which] they confess is not good and are hurting us all by offering to fall the price. Mercer & Ramsay & myself have 4 Hhds [Hogsheads] I suppose of the same which am just told are come down ... from New York." He continued indignantly, "IfVanderbelt has Realy been guilty of Mixing his Tea & cannot be made to pay all damages for his Robbing the public & breaking all Mercantile faith, I think we have very little security for the Honor which is always suppos'd to subsist amongst Merchants had the thing happened here & been proved the Offender wd be consider'd in a most dispicable light."1 Smith's indignity over a merchant's lost honor had precedence.
    [Show full text]
  • COL. ABRAHAM DUFFIELD from a Pastel in Tlie Possession of Charles II
    COL. ABRAHAM DUFFIELD From a pastel in tlie possession of Charles II. Duffleld of Frankford, Pliila. The Second Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry. 57 THE SECOND TROOP PHILADELPHIA CITY CAVALEY. BY W. A. NEWMAN DORLAND, A.M., M.D., F.A.C.S. Major, Medical Corps, U. S. Army; formerly First Lieutenant and Surgeon of the Troop (April 1, 1898-November 10, 1903.) [For references see pp. 69-77.] (Continued from Vol. XLV, page 387.) CHAPTER V. CAPTAIN WELUAM BINGHAM.131 William Bingham, of Lansdowne, was the great- grandson of the James Bingham who was buried in Christ Church, Philadelphia, on December 22,1714, and his wife, Anne, who was buried Oct. 11,1750. He was the son of William (married in Christ Church Sept. 19,1745; on Dec. 29,1747, commissioned Ensign in the 3d Company of the Associated Eegiment of Foot of Philadelphia); and the grandson of James the second. His mother was Mary, daughter of Alderman and Mayor John Stamper. He was born in Philadelphia on March 8, 1752. In 1765 he entered the College of Philadelphia (Uni- versity of Pennsylvania) and in 1768, when but 16 years of age, he graduated from that Institution with a Master's degree, and shortly afterward received a diplomatic appointment under the British government at St. Pierre Myzene (Martinique), in the West Indies, where he was named as Consul in 1771, when he was but 19 years old. Here he remained during the Eevolution, until 1780. In August, 1780, he is recorded as a private in the Second Company of the Fourth Battalion of Philadelphia Association, Col.
    [Show full text]
  • 5; CORPORATIONS- SB Renewal of Charters Of
    5; CORPORATIONS- S. B. Renewal of Charters of, p. 89; ·read ahd r~ferred,· p. 90; reported on merits, p. 90; passed·, p. 92; signed by Speaker; p. 93. COUNCIL OF DEFENSE­ See State Council of Defense. CULVER, SAMUEL N.- Secretary, p. 5 ; joint committee, p. 66; committee to ask Governor about further business, p. 95. D DALY, EDWARD 0.- Committee to notify Governor, House is ready for business, p. 15. DEFENSE BILL- See State Council of Defense. DOWNWARD, HENRY C.~ . Committee to d,raft resolutions of respect, p. 15. E EDUCATION- S. B. Taxation for Newark schools, p. 87; read and referred, p. 89; reported favorably, p. 90; pas.sed, pp. 91, 92; signed by Speaker, p. 93. H. B. For foreign-born, read and. referred, p. 48; rep,o,,rted. ·• o~ merits, p. 76; motion to lay on table, motion to receive, lost, p. 78, ELECTION-- Writ of, to fill vacancy in 15th Rep. Dist. of N. C. 'County,.pp. 37, 38; communication concerning, p. 45. 6 See Special Referendum. Men in· military service, Bill providing for registering; ( See Reg­ istering Men in Military Service). ELIASON, LEWIS E.-'- Lieut. Governor, selected to preside over joint session of Assembly, p. 15. F FEDERAL CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT-'- See Governor's Proclamation, p. 13. See Governor's ·Message, p. · 23. · Petitions ·favoring ratification of, pp. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30; 31.' Bill providing popular vote on: (See Special Referendum). Res. ratifying proposed. · (See Resolutions, House Joint) .. · Ratified, pp. 47, 65. Communications approving rati:ncation of, pp. 67, 69. FIRE DEPARTMENT­ See Paid Fire Department.
    [Show full text]
  • BUSINESS in PHILADELPHIA DURING the BRITISH OCCUPATION, I777~I778
    BUSINESS IN PHILADELPHIA DURING THE BRITISH OCCUPATION, I777~i778 HE USUAL historical narrative passes over the British occupa- tion of Philadelphia, during the winter season of 1777-78, Twith a brief statement of advent and departure, and the occa- sional observation that the royal forces lived comfortably, if not some- what extravagantly, in gross contrast with the sufferings of the con- tinentals nearby at Valley Forge. A pageant and festival, honoring Sir William Howe upon his departure in May, receive frequent men- tion, as do the military exploits of the rebel forces in the vicinity. Actually, the stay of the British troops in the Quaker city revealed the apathy of many inhabitants toward the revolution and pampered the cupidity of those who catered to the military. The presence of a large body of foreign troops profoundly affected the economic life of the community. Shortly after eight o'clock on the morning of September 26, 1777, Lord Cornwallis, commanding a British and Hessian force of grena- diers, dragoons, and artillery, approached the city of Philadelphia,1 and by ten o'clock his staff took formal possession of the rebel capital, as Captain John Montresor, chief engineer, observed, "amidst the acclamation of some thousands of the inhabitants mostly women and children."2 While to many Philadelphians the coming of the British army meant a separation from family, friends, and business, to others it promised relief from irksome exactions and arbitrary restrictions imposed by a Continental Congress whose authority was by no means generally accepted. As the summer of 1777 approached, this body or- dered all private stores of goods, especially flour and iron, to be re- moved beyond the city limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Debian 1 Debian
    Debian 1 Debian Debian Part of the Unix-like family Debian 7.0 (Wheezy) with GNOME 3 Company / developer Debian Project Working state Current Source model Open-source Initial release September 15, 1993 [1] Latest release 7.5 (Wheezy) (April 26, 2014) [±] [2] Latest preview 8.0 (Jessie) (perpetual beta) [±] Available in 73 languages Update method APT (several front-ends available) Package manager dpkg Supported platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC, SPARC, ARM, MIPS, S390 Kernel type Monolithic: Linux, kFreeBSD Micro: Hurd (unofficial) Userland GNU Default user interface GNOME License Free software (mainly GPL). Proprietary software in a non-default area. [3] Official website www.debian.org Debian (/ˈdɛbiən/) is an operating system composed of free software mostly carrying the GNU General Public License, and developed by an Internet collaboration of volunteers aligned with the Debian Project. It is one of the most popular Linux distributions for personal computers and network servers, and has been used as a base for other Linux distributions. Debian 2 Debian was announced in 1993 by Ian Murdock, and the first stable release was made in 1996. The development is carried out by a team of volunteers guided by a project leader and three foundational documents. New distributions are updated continually and the next candidate is released after a time-based freeze. As one of the earliest distributions in Linux's history, Debian was envisioned to be developed openly in the spirit of Linux and GNU. This vision drew the attention and support of the Free Software Foundation, who sponsored the project for the first part of its life.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Proposal
    1 Calculating Prosperity in the Early American Republic: The Authority of Quantitative Data and Protectionist Political Economy Martin Ohman University of Virginia A Paper Submitted to “Ireland, America, and the Worlds of Mathew Carey” Co-Sponsored by: The McNeil Center for Early American Studies The Program in Early American Economy and Society The Library Company of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania Libraries Philadelphia, PA October 27-29, 2011 *Please do not cite without permission of the author 2 A “nation enjoying extraordinary natural, moral, and political advantages, unalloyed by any countervailing disadvantages, cannot possibly fail, under a wise policy, to enjoy a high degree of prosperity,” Pennsylvania economist and publisher Mathew Carey wrote in late 1823 as he was making the case for another revision of the tariff .1 Increasingly focusing his attention on the role of government in shaping economic conditions in the years after the War of 1812, Carey consistently argued that federal action could have prevented, or at least greatly mitigated, the recession that now was prostrating all branches of the economy. A more careful mapping out of national resources together with a closer attention to fluctuations in exports and imports, immigration, property and commodity values, specie flows, and related variables, he believed, would have alerted federal officials to the fundamental weakness of the republic‟s economic foundation. Had these data sets been more systematically collected and readily available, the “rocks and quicksands” now threatening to wreck the “national vessel” could have been avoided.2 In the first decades of the nineteenth century, as growing wealth disparity together with recurring cycles of large-scale unemployment, bankruptcies and specie scarcity, plummeting commodity and real estate prices, and urban poverty were becoming increasingly visible phenomena, elected officials, newspaper editors, economic thinkers, and the public at large 1 Carey, The Crisis (Philadelphia, 1823), 53.
    [Show full text]
  • 1.1 X Client/Server
    เดสกทอปลินุกซ เทพพิทักษ การุญบุญญานันท 2 สารบัญ 1 ระบบ X Window 5 1.1 ระบบ X Client/Server . 5 1.2 Window Manager . 6 1.3 Desktop Environment . 7 2 การปรับแตง GNOME 11 2.1 การติดตั้งฟอนต . 11 2.2 GConf . 12 2.3 การแสดงตัวอักษร . 13 2.4 พื้นหลัง . 15 2.5 Theme . 16 2.6 เมนู/ทูลบาร . 17 2.7 แปนพิมพ . 18 2.8 เมาส . 20 3 4 บทที่ 1 ระบบ X Window ระบบ GUI ที่อยูคูกับยูนิกซมมานานคือระบบ X Window ซึ่งพัฒนาโดยโครงการ Athena ที่ MIT รวมกับบริษัท Digital Equipment Corporation และบริษัทเอกชนจำนวนหนึ่ง ปจจุบัน X Window ดูแลโดย Open Group เปนระบบที่เปดทั้งในเรื่องโปรโตคอลและซอรสโคด ขณะที่เขียนเอกสารฉบับนี้ เวอรชันลาสุดของ X Window คือ เวอรชัน 11 รีลีส 6.6 (เรียกสั้นๆ วา X11R6.6) สำหรับลินุกซและระบบปฏิบัติการในตระกูลยูนิกซที่ทำงานบน PC ระบบ X Window ที่ใชจะมาจาก โครงการ XFree86 ซึ่งพัฒนาไดรเวอรสำหรับอุปกรณกราฟกตางๆ ที่ใชกับเครื่อง PC รุนลาสุดขณะที่ เขียนเอกสารนี้คือ 4.3.0 1.1 ระบบ X Client/Server X Window เปนระบบที่ทำงานผานระบบเครือขาย โดยแยกเปนสวน X client และ X server สื่อสาร กันผาน X protocol ดังนั้น โปรแกรมที่ทำงานบน X Window จะสามารถแสดงผลบนระบบปฏิบัติการ ที่ตางชนิดกันก็ได ตราบใดที่ระบบนั้นสามารถใหบริการผาน X protocol ได X client ไดแกโปรแกรมประยุกตตางๆ ที่จะขอใชบริการจาก X server ในการติดตอกับฮารดแวร เชน จอภาพ แปนพิมพ เมาส ฯลฯ ดังนั้น X server จึงทำงานอยูบนเครื่องที่อยูใกลผูใชเสมอ ในขณะที่ X client อาจอยูในเครื่องเดียวกันหรืออยูในเครื่องใดเครื่องหนึ่งในระบบเครือขายก็ได X client จะติดตอกับ X server ดวยการเรียก X library (เรียกสั้นๆ วา Xlib) API ตางๆ ใน Xlib มีหนาที่แปลงการเรียกฟงกชันแตละครั้งใหเปน request ในรูปของ X protocol เพื่อสงไปยัง X server
    [Show full text]
  • Outline Descendant Report for Thomas Marvel Jr
    Outline Descendant Report for Thomas Marvel Jr. 1 Thomas Marvel Jr. b: 11 Nov 1732 in Stepney Parish, Somerset County, Maryland, d: 15 Dec 1801 in Dover, Kent County, Delaware + Susannah Rodney b: 1742 in Sussex County, Delaware, m: Sussex County, Delaware, d: 1797 in Sussex County, Delaware ...2 Thomas Marvel III b: 08 Mar 1761, d: 1801 + Nancy Knowles b: 1765 in Sussex County, Delaware, d: 1820 in Sussex County, Delaware ......3 James W. Marvel b: 1780 in Sussex County, Delaware, d: 13 Dec 1840 in Concord, Sussex, Delaware + Margaret Marvel b: 1781 in Broad Creek Hundred, Sussex, Delaware, m: 1808 in Sussex County, Delaware, d: 1850 in Seaford, Sussex County, Delaware .........4 Caldwell Windsor Marvel b: 21 Aug 1809, d: 15 Nov 1848 in Seaford, Sussex County, Delaware + Elizabeth Lynch b: 10 Apr 1807 in Sussex County, Delaware, m: 05 Jul 1837 in Sussex County, Delaware, d: 10 Mar 1869 in Sussex County, Delaware ............5 William Thomas Marvel b: 12 Aug 1838 in Millsboro, Sussex, Delaware, d: 21 Jan 1914 in Lewes, Sussex County, Delaware + Mary Julia Carpenter b: 1842 in Delaware, m: 08 Sep 1861, d: 1880 ...............6 Ida F. Marvel b: Aug 1868 in Delaware + Frank J. Jones b: Feb 1867 in Virginia, m: 1891 ..................7 Anna W Jones b: Feb 1892 in Delaware ..................7 William A Jones b: Nov 1894 in Delaware ..................7 Alverta W Jones b: Dec 1898 in Delaware ..................7 James F Jones b: 1901 in Delaware ...............6 Charles H. Marvel b: 1873 in Delaware ...............6 William Thomas Marvel Jr. b: 22 Nov 1875 in Wilmington, Delaware, d: 17 Aug 1956 in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Age: 81 + Mary G Laubmeister b: Feb 1881 in Germany, m: 1900 in New Jersey ..................7 Margaret E Marvel b: 1902 in New Jersey, USA ..................7 Edward W Marvel b: 31 Oct 1904 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, d: 02 Jul 1963 in Cheltenham, Montgomery, Pennsylvania; Age: 58 + Mary G McMenamin b: Abt.
    [Show full text]