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Dental Basics: the Who, What, When, How and Why of Floating Teeth
> I , :-- 1 .\I IY I IJIIII ' \ IIY 1111 •1 ental Basics: The Who, What, When, How and D Why of Floating Teeth By Brad Tanner, Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital Reprint from the Dutch Harness Horse Magazine Article ~ Why float teeth - ancient wild horses seem to have done upper cheek teeth to not be worn away from chewing. the same fin e without a dentist? is true of the inside of the lower cheek teeth. The lack of attrition ood point and l agree it seems ancient wild horses did o-reat to these areas of the teeth coupled with the fact that the horse ·s Gwithout rasping of their teeth. The horse has evolved 7o be tooth continues to erupt (grow) approximately 3mm annually a grass consuming machine. Through the course of millennia, is the reason horses fonn sharp points and require floating. they have developed long teeth that continue to erupt (grow) throughout life. It is important to know that the horse evolved to When should my horse have a dental exam andfloating graze and chew up to 16 hours daily on coarse, fibrous grasses. performed? Modem domesticated horses may spend much of their time in stalls, eating concentrates and hay, chewing much less than those on pasture. Modern domesticated horses with p asture access typically graze on manicured grasses that are comparati ve ly delicate and lack the gritty silica content consumed by their ancestors and cause less tooth wear. Additionally. as a horse chews grain its lower jaw does not move side to side with th e same amount of travel as when chewing grass. -
Locating and Buying the Right Horse
The University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service TNH-3002 EEQQ IFACTSIFACTS Locating and Buying the Right Horse Doyle G. Meadows, Professor, Animal Science Millions of people enjoy their horses each physical attributes necessary for the success- day. The horse owner can receive years of en- ful enjoyment of a horse. joyment and satisfaction from locating and Experience of the Rider buying the RIGHT horse. The physical ex- The experience of the rider is as impor- ercise and mental relaxation derived from a tant as the age of the rider. Generally, more safe, well-trained horse can justify the ex- experienced youth can capably manage and pense associated with this form of recreation. ride horses that would not be appropriate for A ride on a trail, completing a difficult hunt adults with little or no experience. Typically, course or teaching a foal to lead are experi- only children were considered to be inexperi- ences that happen daily in the lives of horse enced riders, but today many adults with no owners. prior riding experience are buying horses. Do The relationship between a horse and rider not assume that an adult can handle a horse can be unparalleled if the right horse is cho- better than a youth just because he or she is sen. This fact sheet will assist horse owners in older. A highly trained, well-broken horse may not only locating but also selecting the most be perfect for an inexperienced rider, but may appropriate horse for their needs and desires. be boring for an experienced rider who wants There are many considerations and questions to provide at least some level of training to the to evaluate when selecting a horse. -
February 22-23-24 539 Catalog Horses Sell
"February Special Catalog Sale 2013" Billings Livestock Commission • February Special Catalog Sale • featuring our annual "Sons and Daughters" special session February 22-23-24 539 Catalog Horses Sell She Sells! She's Hip 353 05 AQHA Bay Mare x Western Perks x Dash For Perks; 1D/WPRA money winner, ready-to-go; Push style, gritty and tough, runs inside or out. Requires little or no tuning. Head, heel, or breakaway, too. Hauled to PRCA rodeos. For more info 406.925.1926. "February Special Catalog Sale 2013" "February Special Catalog Sale 2013" Terms and Conditions: 4. NOTICE: ONLY HORSES CON- Terms SIGNED TO THE SALE WILL BE AL- LOWED ON THE SALE GROUNDS. ALL Cash, Cashier's Check, Personal Check with HORSES SOLD, BEFORE, DURING, AF- Picture Identification or Blank Letter of TER, WILL BE SUBJECT TO THE EIGHT Guarantee with Check. We now accept PERCENT (8%) SALES COMMISSION credit cards, including Visa, Mastercard, IN ADDITION TO THE CATALOG FEE American Express, Discover, and Diners IF APPLICABLE. Club. A 3% office processing fee will be added to all purchases, (however, this fee ALL HORSES MUST GO THROUGH THE will be discounted for purchases paid for SALE RING. ABSOLUTELY NO AL- by Cash, Cashier's Check, or Personal LEY TRADING. Check.) 5. Data provided in this catalog is gener- Conditions ally correct, but occasionally errors oc- 1. BLS and its associates act as agents cur due to incorrect data received from only on all sales and are not responsible others, processing mistakes and other for buyer/seller error or misunder- causes. We disclaim liability for such er- standing. -
List of Horse Breeds 1 List of Horse Breeds
List of horse breeds 1 List of horse breeds This page is a list of horse and pony breeds, and also includes terms used to describe types of horse that are not breeds but are commonly mistaken for breeds. While there is no scientifically accepted definition of the term "breed,"[1] a breed is defined generally as having distinct true-breeding characteristics over a number of generations; its members may be called "purebred". In most cases, bloodlines of horse breeds are recorded with a breed registry. However, in horses, the concept is somewhat flexible, as open stud books are created for developing horse breeds that are not yet fully true-breeding. Registries also are considered the authority as to whether a given breed is listed as Light or saddle horse breeds a "horse" or a "pony". There are also a number of "color breed", sport horse, and gaited horse registries for horses with various phenotypes or other traits, which admit any animal fitting a given set of physical characteristics, even if there is little or no evidence of the trait being a true-breeding characteristic. Other recording entities or specialty organizations may recognize horses from multiple breeds, thus, for the purposes of this article, such animals are classified as a "type" rather than a "breed". The breeds and types listed here are those that already have a Wikipedia article. For a more extensive list, see the List of all horse breeds in DAD-IS. Heavy or draft horse breeds For additional information, see horse breed, horse breeding and the individual articles listed below. -
4-H B State Horse Show
2021 Georgia 4-H State Horse Show Official Rule Book June 8-12, 2021 Georgia National Fairgrounds & Agricenter - Perry, GA 1 Updated March 25, 2021 To: 4-H Horse Project Members, Parents, Agents and Leaders Subject: Georgia 4-H State Horse Show On behalf of Georgia 4-H and the University of Georgia Animal & Dairy Science Department, we would personally like to thank you for your continued support of the Georgia 4-H Program. After having to cancel the 2020 show, we are very excited to convene in Perry for our traditional week in June! Thank you to the Georgia National Fairgrounds & Agricenter for their special accommodations for Georgia 4-Her’s and the use of the new Perdue Arena across from Sutherland Arena! Moving horses and stalling to Barn 2 will reduce our walking miles and allow us to “float” between arenas to help and watch our youth excel! Please keep in mind that this rulebook provides our “tentative plan”. Due to the changing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, we will continue to monitor health and safety conditions on an ongoing basis. Our goal is to confirm the decision to conduct the State Horse Show on or before April 7, 2021. If it is not deemed safe to do so at that time by UGA following the guidance of the CDC and state health officials, then we will cancel the State Horse Show. If we are unable to host the 2021 Georgia 4-H State Horse Show, all county checks will be returned to the county office. Please keep in mind that health and safety protocols, such as social distancing, using face coverings and other personal protective equipment, and staggering schedules may be required at the time of the State Horse Show. -
CHECK AGAIN an Equine Dental Health Project
NO PAIN? CHECK AGAIN An Equine Dental Health Project A joint project in partnership with: CONTENTS Introduction Horses evolved to chew Why regular dental checks are so important and who to contact Clinical signs of dental problems Is your horse trying to tell you something? Findings on examination Dental care for the older horse Equine dentistry - is there a link to performance? What should happen at the dental examination? How bad can it get? What should I do now? This guide and campaign is supported by: Introduction In the past, equine dentistry has been a signs. The scale of dental problems is neglected area of veterinary research and quite phenomenal as recent studies have practice. Thankfully over the last 20 years found that up to 70% of horses have huge developments have led to a greater undiagnosed dental problems. This is a understanding of the problems horses real welfare concern for our horses and experience and best practices developed why dental checks every 6-12 months are for treatment. This is great news for our so important to ensure any unidentified horses but there is still a huge area of issues are treated as quickly as possible. concern. As horses are stoic animals they are cleverly able to hide their dental Many modern dental treatments are pain. Due to this, many horse owners only possible if problems are identified don’t realise that their horses could be before they become advanced. Just as in suffering in silence. This is bad news as humans, early intervention is better than dental problems can seriously deteriorate dealing with a dental catastrophe. -
Atcp 160.56 – Horse and Pony – 5
4. Exhibitors of immediate family sharing an animal may each enter separate showmanship, reinsmanship or horsemanship classes for a premium. However, the horse can only be exhibited once by an exhibitor for a premium in English Pleasure, Western Pleasure, Pleasure Driving or Trail. ATCP 160.56 – HORSE AND PONY – 5. Exhibitors may enter as many additional DEPARTMENT 6 classes for RIBBON ONLY. Only one entry per lot allowed. Judging: Pre-Fair Saturday 6. Exhibitors will be paid for Danish Premiums 8 a.m. – South Arena (Classes A,C,D,F or G) on the first two lots Horse/Pony entries can begin check in at 7 a.m. listed on the fair entry form! All other classes will be for ribbon only! Lead Superintendent: Kristina Foster 7. Exhibitors MUST indicate whether they are showing one or two horses on their fair Regulations – see health regulations in front of entry form and list the horse/pony name(s). book. Your original Coggins test and copy 8. All exhibitors are to wear a properly fitted SEI needs to be presented before unloading at the safety approved helmet and protective foot gear fairgrounds. Check in with superintendents when mounted or driving a horse/pony. A upon arrival. saddle (mounted) and bridle (mounted/cart) are required when riding or driving a horse. Horse and Pony Size Classification 9. No intact male horses can be shown. a. Horse – 56 inches and Over 10. State 4-H rules apply where applicable. b. Pony – under 56 inches 11. Each horse/pony exhibitor must have Picture ID and current year negative Coggins test. -
Equine Dental Care
Equine Dental Care Dr. Traci Hill Hulse Durango Equine Vet Clinic Does your horse drop food when it’s eating? Throw his head when riding? Losing weight? Have large undigested pieces of food in her manure? Look older than the seller told you he or she was? Well, its time to talk about equine dentistry… Anatomy Let’s first talk about anatomy (ugh!). Horses teeth are very different from human teeth due to the continual eruption of the teeth through the gums throughout the horse’s life. The teeth are worn down by chewing. When you lift a horse’s lips, you see the incisors, these are the teeth used to grasp and shear grass and hay. The teeth that are not easily seen are the molars and premolars (cheek teeth). These teeth grind up food into small pieces. Like humans, horses have deciduous (baby) and permanent teeth. A general time frame for the eruption of a horse’s first (deciduous) teeth is: 1st incisors (central) birth-6 days 2nd incisors 6 weeks 3rd incisors 6 months Premolars birth-14 days The adult (permanent) teeth come in at the following ages: 1st incisors (central) 2 ½ years 2nd incisors 3 ½ years 3rd incisors 4 ½ years Canines 4-5 years Wolf teeth 6 months 2nd premolars (cheek teeth) 2 ½ years 3rd premolars 3 years 4th premolars 4 years 1st molars 9-12 months 2nd molars 2 years 3rd molars 3 ½ years Knowing the eruption times of the teeth can give you a good guideline of how old a horse is. Another landmark that can help you age a horse is the Galvayne’s Groove. -
Performance Horse
EM4727 Performance Horse Member Manual & class rules College of Agriculture and Home Economics • Washington State University • pullman Washington 4-H Youth Development Policy for Protective Headgear Use in the 4-H Equine Program Washington State University Cooperative Extension recommends that 4-H youth who participate in the 4-H Equine Program wear protective headgear when they work with, are around, drive, or are mounted on a horse, pony, or mule. All Washington 4-H youth participating in Western Games, Hunt Seat Over Fences, Rodeo, Team Penning, and Team Roping Projects and activities will wear American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) and Safety Engineering Institute (SEI) #1163 equestrian approved protective headgear, properly fitted and with a chin strap, when mounted and riding in 4-H horse riding activities. October 1, 1995, all junior 4-H youth in the Performance Horse Project and Driving and Trail Riding Projects and activities will wear protective headgear in addition to those projects above. October 1, 1996, all junior and intermediate 4-H youth in the Performance Horse Project and Driving and Trail Riding Projects and activities will wear protective headgear in addition to those projects above. October 1, 1997, all junior, intermediate, and senior 4-H youth in the Performance Horse Project and Driving and Trail Riding Projects and activities will wear protective headgear in addition to those projects above. Contents Performance Horse Class Rules for Project 5 Performance Horse 35 Purposes 5 General Rules 35 Requirements -
Equine Dentistry: a Functional Basis by Bruce Whittle, DVM the Horse's
Equine Dentistry: A Functional Basis By Bruce Whittle, DVM The horse’s mouth is actually an exquisitely designed machine. It has three major functions: nipping off grass, grinding grass and other feedstuffs and transporting the ground feed material into the esophagus so it can then be moved down into the stomach for digestion. Fortunately for the horse, the parts that accomplish these missions do not have to be in perfect alignment, but they do have to work within certain tolerances. The incisors are the nipping teeth. Their function is to shear off the grass. They work best when they have a relatively level bite and there are no gaps between the teeth. When the horse nips the grass, the incisors typically work in the centric or neutral position in which the central incisors line up with their opposing teeth. The incisors are hypsodont teeth which means they erupt throughout the horse’s life. Therefore as the tooth is worn down by abrasive feed material, the tooth erupts to provide a continually renewed grinding surface. As can be seen in the incisor tooth example on the left, the tooth is relatively long. It will wear at a rate of about 2-3 mm per year and will hopefully erupt at about the same rate so that an even bite is maintained. Abnormal eruption or wear of the incisors can result in problems with the function of these teeth. Since the horse erupts then loses 24 baby teeth and up to 44 permanent teeth in the first 5 years of life, twice annual oral examinations by your veterinarian during this time will help ensure that any problems are detected at an early stage so that the horse can regain a normal bite. -
Dental Care Proper Care of a Horse's Teeth Is Important for Proper
Dental Care Proper care of a horse’s teeth is important for proper digestion of feed. This is critical to maintaining healthy body condition, as well as to reduce the risk of choke and colic. It also maximizes their athletic potential under the bit. The horse’s teeth, unlike ours, are continually erupting; that is, there is a finite amount of tooth the horse will have for the rest of their life that consists of a crown (the visible portion of the tooth), a reserve crown (the portion of the tooth that is in the socket that will become the visible portion as it erupts), and the root. As the tooth erupts, its comes into occlusion or contact with the tooth it opposes. This intimate relation between opposing teeth is what allows them to digest forage such as grass and alfalfa. Throughout their life span, these teeth will naturally wear down; during this dynamic process both normal and abnormal wear patterns can occur. The result can be either pain or premature wear out of the teeth. It is this finite life span of the teeth and the discomfort that can result from even regular wear patterns that makes annual dental exams important for the horse. A common misconception is that dental exams and floats are only for adult horses. In fact, one of the most important times to evaluate a horse’s teeth is in the juvenile stage; the period from birth to 5 years of age. Similar to humans, the juvenile stage of life presents problems of malocclusion (improper alignment of the teeth) or abnormal development of teeth. -
Horse Manual
Original Compiled by Dr. Revision Compiled by Ann M. Swinker Extension Connie Cecil Equine Specialist 4-H Curriculum Specialist Colorado State University Extension Colorado State University Extension Acknowledgments: This revised 2018edition of the Colorado 4-H Horse Project has involved many contributors. Members of the Colorado State University Extension Horse Advisory Committee collected and revised information for use in this manual. Agents who represented their districts on this committee: Dr. Ragan Adams DVM, CSU Colorado Veterinary Extension Specialist Diane Kern Jodie Martin-Witt Scott Stinnett Jenny Leonetti Tom Sharpe Jonathan Vrabec The original Project contributors who did not participate in this revision also deserve acknowledgment for the portions of their work that have been preserved: Nicolette Ahrens Kurt Jones Al Meier Lori Rodcay Sharon Bokan Brett Kirch Kathryn Milne Bobbie Skelton Brenda Brown Gary Lancaster Bill Nobles Gary Small Russ Brown Christianne Magee Vern Nutter Jim Smith Bernie Elliott Billie Malchow Kipp Nye Dr. Kelcey Swyers Mendy Gonzales Ernie Marx Dean Oatman Dessa Watson Karen Hansen Robert Mathis Donna Pattee Tiare Wells Deb Hindi Angela Mannick Diana Quintana Todd Yeager Larry Hooker Dave McManus Janice Roberts Jodi Zeier Mark Horney Carol McNeal We wish to thank Bill Culbertson, Extension Horse Specialist Emeritus, for his contribution to the content and artwork in this manual and give him special acknowledgement. Edited by Sharon Gale, Colorado State University. Layout and design by Karen Cagle, 4-H Youth Development Program. Editorial assistance by Christina Berryman and Dr. Paul Siciliano, Animal Sciences, Colorado State University. Horse Ration Analysis worksheets by Christopher Fox. Diagrams from National4-H Horse Program.