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Islam and Religious Freedom: the Experience of Religious Majorities and Minorities
SYMPOSIUM ISLAM AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM: THE EXPERIENCE OF RELIGIOUS MAJORITIES AND MINORITIES Brett G. Scharffs* INTRODUCTION One of the most interesting stories in the history of religious freedom is the journey of the Catholic Church, from being perhaps the most powerful institution on earth opposed to religious freedom in the eighteenth and into the nineteenth centuries, to being perhaps the most powerful institution on earth in defense of religious freedom from the middle of the twentieth century and into the early decades of the twenty-first century.1 Whereas in most countries today there is a very high correlation between dominant religious majorities and a low degree of religious freedom, regardless of whether the religious majority is Orthodox Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish, or Hindu, there is a striking exception: in countries with large Catholic majorities, limitations on religious freedom—measured both in terms of legal restrictions and social hostilities—tend to be low or very low.2 In an article in the Notre Dame Law Review celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of Dignitatis Humanae, I documented this remarkable anomaly and suggested that this was due to the Catholic Church’s journey toward finding within its own religious tradition the theological resources for identifying freedom of religion as a basic component of human dignity and thus a fundamental human right.3 In a subsequent article, Andrea Pin (whose article Is There a Place for Islam in the West? © 2018 Brett G. Scharffs. Individuals and nonprofit institutions may reproduce and distribute copies of this Essay in any format, at or below cost, for educational purposes, so long as each copy identifies the author, provides a citation to the Notre Dame Law Review Online, and includes this provision and copyright notice. -
Interreligious Dialogue, Comparative Theology and the Alterity of Hindu
Interreligious Dialogue, Comparative Theology and the Alterity of Hindu Thought Abstract A key question at the heart of contemporary debates over interreligious dialogue is whether the Christian partner in such conversations should view her interlocutors through the lens of Christian descriptions or whether any such imaging amounts to a form of Christian imperialism. We look at the responses to this question from certain contemporary forms of ‘particularism’ which regard religious universes as densely knit, and sometimes incommensurable, systems of meanings, so that they usually deny the significance, or even the possibility, of modes of Bible preaching such as apologetics. While these concerns over the alterity of other religious traditions are often viewed as specifically postmodern, two Scotsmen in British India, J.N. Farquhar (1861–1929) and A.G. Hogg (1875–1954), struggled exactly a hundred years ago with a version of this question vis-à-vis the religious universe of Vedāntic Hinduism and responded to it in a manner that has striking resemblances to ‘particularism’. We shall argue that Hogg can be seen as an early practitioner of a form of ‘comparative theology’ which emerges in his case, on the one hand, through a textual engagement with specific problems thrown up in interreligious spaces but, on the other hand, also seeks to present a reasoned defence of Christian doctrinal statements. We shall note a crucial difference between his comparative theological encounters and contemporary practitioners of the same – while the latter are usually wary of speaking of any ‘common ground’ in interreligious encounters, Hogg regarded the presuppositions of the Christian faith as the basis of such encounters. -
Multiple Religious Belonging and Christian Identity - 2012 Catherine Cornille Boston College
Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Santa Clara Lectures Lectures 2-14-2012 Multiple Religious Belonging and Christian Identity - 2012 Catherine Cornille Boston College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/sc_lectures Recommended Citation Cornille, Catherine, "Multiple Religious Belonging and Christian Identity - 2012" (2012). Santa Clara Lectures. 1. https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/sc_lectures/1 This Lecture is brought to you for free and open access by the Lectures at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Santa Clara Lectures by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2012 SANTA CLARA LECTURE CATHERINE CORNILLE SANTA CLARA UNIVERSITY FEBRUARY 14, 2012 2012 Santa Clara Lecture Multiple Religious Belonging and Christian Identity Catherine Cornille, Boston College Santa Clara University, February 14, 2012 In the context of burgeoning religious plurality, experiences of multiple religious belonging or hybrid religious identities have become increasingly reported and noted. Throughout the Western world, pockets of people have come to cheerfully claim to being both Christian and Hindu, or Buddhist and Jewish, or any combination of two and sometimes more religious identities. A classical example of this may be found in the figure of the Christian theologian, Raimon Panikkar, who, returning from a visit to India, famously claimed that: “I ‘left’ a Christian, ‘discovered’ myself a Hindu, ‘returned’ a Buddhist, all the while remaining a ‘Christian.’”1 This enigmatic statement encapsulates a world of meaning which gradually comes to light in reading his oeuvre. Another Christian theologian, Paul Knitter, recently published a book titled Without the Buddha, I Could Not Be a Christian (London: Oneworld, 2009). -
A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO PUBLIC CATHOLICISM AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN AMERICA: THE ADAPTATION OF A RELIGIOUS CULTURE TO THE CIRCUMSTANCE OF DIVERSITY, AND ITS IMPLICATIONS A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Michael J. Agliardo, SJ Committee in charge: Professor Richard Madsen, Chair Professor John H. Evans Professor David Pellow Professor Joel Robbins Professor Gershon Shafir 2008 Copyright Michael J. Agliardo, SJ, 2008 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Michael Joseph Agliardo is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2008 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ......................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents......................................................................................................................iv List Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................vi List of Graphs ......................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. viii Vita.............................................................................................................................................x -
Rearticulations of Enmity and Belonging in Postwar Sri Lanka
BUDDHIST NATIONALISM AND CHRISTIAN EVANGELISM: REARTICULATIONS OF ENMITY AND BELONGING IN POSTWAR SRI LANKA by Neena Mahadev A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland October, 2013 © 2013 Neena Mahadev All Rights Reserved Abstract: Based on two years of fieldwork in Sri Lanka, this dissertation systematically examines the mutual skepticism that Buddhist nationalists and Christian evangelists express towards one another in the context of disputes over religious conversion. Focusing on the period from the mid-1990s until present, this ethnography elucidates the shifting politics of nationalist perception in Sri Lanka, and illustrates how Sinhala Buddhist populists have increasingly come to view conversion to Christianity as generating anti-national and anti-Buddhist subjects within the Sri Lankan citizenry. The author shows how the shift in the politics of identitarian perception has been contingent upon several critical events over the last decade: First, the death of a Buddhist monk, which Sinhala Buddhist populists have widely attributed to a broader Christian conspiracy to destroy Buddhism. Second, following the 2004 tsunami, massive influxes of humanitarian aid—most of which was secular, but some of which was connected to opportunistic efforts to evangelize—unsettled the lines between the interested religious charity and the disinterested secular giving. Third, the closure of 25 years of a brutal war between the Sri Lankan government forces and the ethnic minority insurgent group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), has opened up a slew of humanitarian criticism from the international community, which Sinhala Buddhist populist activists surmise to be a product of Western, Christian, neo-colonial influences. -
COMPARATIVE THEOLOGY: a REVIEW of RECENT BOOKS (1989-1995) Comparative Theology Is an Exciting and Quickly Developing Field, and a Relatively Uncharted One
Theological Studies 56 (1995) CURRENT THEOLOGY COMPARATIVE THEOLOGY: A REVIEW OF RECENT BOOKS (1989-1995) Comparative theology is an exciting and quickly developing field, and a relatively uncharted one. Hence it may be beneficial to offer a descriptive assessment of what is happening today across the range of its new questions, ideas, and theses, as these are put forward by many authors in a wide variety of projects. We begin with some general observations on its nature and scope, observations which will become clearer as we work our way through the subsequent bibliographical survey. SETTING SOME BOUNDARIES As theology, comparative theology consists most basically in faith seeking understanding; its ultimate horizon can be nothing less than knowledge of the divine, the transcendent. As one of the theological disciplines, comparative theology is marked by its commitment to the detailed consideration of religious traditions other than one's own. It is detailed, deeply reflexive, self-corrective in the course of its own in vestigation, even in regard to its basic questions, methods, and vocab ulary. Though one must be hesitant about using the term "theology" univocally in reference to many religious traditions (we tend to under stand the word against its Christian background), it is useful to work with the hypothesis that comparative theology can be pursued from within any of the religious traditions of the world.1 In 1987, David Tracy reminded us that although the realities of pluralism have never been so evident as they are today, reflection on "other religions" has of course been present in the Christian tradition from its beginnings, and it has proceeded with subtlety, sophistication, and boldness in many contexts. -
Gájer László XIII. Leó Pápa Megnyilatkozásainak
PÁZMÁNY PÉTER KATOLIKUS EGYETEM HITTUDOMÁNYI KAR Gájer László XIII. Leó pápa megnyilatkozásainak filozófiatörténeti előzményei (Különös tekintettel a vallásszabadságra) Dissertatio ad Doctoratum Témavezető: DDr. Rokay Zoltán Budapest 2013 Tartalomjegyzék Tartalomjegyzék .......................................................................................................................... 2 Irodalomjegyzék .......................................................................................................................... 4 Rövidítések ................................................................................................................................ 13 Bevezetés ................................................................................................................................... 14 I. Történeti előzmények ............................................................................................................. 19 1. Vallásszabadság a Szentírásban .......................................................................................... 19 1.1. Vallási türelem az Ószövetségben: Isten, istenek, kultuszok, hamis próféták ............... 19 1.2. Vallási türelem az Újszövetségben ............................................................................... 21 2. A patrisztikus kor ............................................................................................................... 26 2.1. Az Egyház és az állam viszonya az egyházatyák írásaiban a konstantini fordulat előtt .. 26 2.1.1. Tertulliánusz -
Separation of Church and State: a Theologically Liberal, Anti-Catholic, and American Principle Philip Hamburger
University of Chicago Law School Chicago Unbound Occasional Papers Law School Publications 2002 Separation of Church and State: A Theologically Liberal, Anti-Catholic, and American Principle Philip Hamburger Follow this and additional works at: http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/occasional_papers Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Philip Hamburger, "Separation of Church and State: A Theologically Liberal, Anti-Catholic, and American Principle," University of Chicago Law Occasional Paper, No. 43 (2002). This Working Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Publications at Chicago Unbound. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers by an authorized administrator of Chicago Unbound. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OCCASIONAL PAPERS FROM THE LAW SCHOOL THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO NUMBER 43 2002 Occasional Papers from The University of Chicago Law School Number 43 November 2002 Separation of Church and State A Theologically Liberal, Anti-Catholic, and American Principle By Philip Hamburger John P. Wilson Professor of Law 'A Theologically Liberal, Anti-Catholic, andAmerican Principle"isan excerptfrom Separation of Church and State by Philip Hamburger,Harvard University Press, 2002. @ 2002 INTRODUCTION This Occasional Paper reproduces a chapter from Professor Philip Hamburger's new book, Separation of Church and State, published in the summer of 2002 by Harvard University Press. The book argues that during the past two centuries the adoption of the idea of separa- tion between church and state has transformed American conceptions of the religious liberty guaranteed by the First Amendment. Many Americans take the idea of separation between church and state for granted. -
Locating the Place of Interreligious Friendship in Comparative Theology
University of Portland Pilot Scholars Theology Faculty Publications and Presentations Theology 2018 Locating the Place of Interreligious Friendship in Comparative Theology Simon Aihiokhai University of Portland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pilotscholars.up.edu/the_facpubs Part of the Practical Theology Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Citation: Pilot Scholars Version (Modified MLA Style) Aihiokhai, Simon, "Locating the Place of Interreligious Friendship in Comparative Theology" (2018). Theology Faculty Publications and Presentations. 32. https://pilotscholars.up.edu/the_facpubs/32 This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Theology at Pilot Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Pilot Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Locating the Place of Interreligious Friendship in Comparative Theology SimonMary Asese Aihiokhai University of Portland abstract Each religion has at its core a commitment to the flourishing of life. Themes of relationality, hospitality, and friendship are pathways for promoting their mission to bring about the flourishing of all. James L. Fredericks, a Roman Catholic theologian with specialization in comparative theology, has spent his adult life working inten- tionally to enter into friendship with people of other faith traditions. In some of his works, he describes how such friendships have led to growth in his understanding of his own Catholic-Christian faith traditions. Interreligious friendship is not about proselytization, it is rather about exploring God’s truth in the safe space of admira- tion, openness, trust, embrace of vulnerability, and discipleship in the presence of the other who bears the gift of divine grace by their presence. -
The Rite of Sodomy
The Rite of Sodomy volume iii i Books by Randy Engel Sex Education—The Final Plague The McHugh Chronicles— Who Betrayed the Prolife Movement? ii The Rite of Sodomy Homosexuality and the Roman Catholic Church volume iii AmChurch and the Homosexual Revolution Randy Engel NEW ENGEL PUBLISHING Export, Pennsylvania iii Copyright © 2012 by Randy Engel All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, New Engel Publishing, Box 356, Export, PA 15632 Library of Congress Control Number 2010916845 Includes complete index ISBN 978-0-9778601-7-3 NEW ENGEL PUBLISHING Box 356 Export, PA 15632 www.newengelpublishing.com iv Dedication To Monsignor Charles T. Moss 1930–2006 Beloved Pastor of St. Roch’s Parish Forever Our Lady’s Champion v vi INTRODUCTION Contents AmChurch and the Homosexual Revolution ............................................. 507 X AmChurch—Posing a Historic Framework .................... 509 1 Bishop Carroll and the Roots of the American Church .... 509 2 The Rise of Traditionalism ................................. 516 3 The Americanist Revolution Quietly Simmers ............ 519 4 Americanism in the Age of Gibbons ........................ 525 5 Pope Leo XIII—The Iron Fist in the Velvet Glove ......... 529 6 Pope Saint Pius X Attacks Modernism ..................... 534 7 Modernism Not Dead— Just Resting ...................... 538 XI The Bishops’ Bureaucracy and the Homosexual Revolution ... 549 1 National Catholic War Council—A Crack in the Dam ...... 549 2 Transition From Warfare to Welfare ........................ 551 3 Vatican II and the Shaping of AmChurch ................ 561 4 The Politics of the New Progressivism .................... 563 5 The Homosexual Colonization of the NCCB/USCC ....... -
Prophesy, Public Theology, and Questions of Justice: Some Modest Reflections
Loyola University Chicago Law Journal Volume 50 Issue 1 Fall 2018 Article 7 2018 Prophesy, Public Theology, and Questions of Justice: Some Modest Reflections Barry Sullivan Follow this and additional works at: https://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Barry Sullivan, Prophesy, Public Theology, and Questions of Justice: Some Modest Reflections, 50 Loy. U. Chi. L. J. 45 (). Available at: https://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol50/iss1/7 This Symposium Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola University Chicago Law Journal by an authorized editor of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Prophesy, Public Theology, and Questions of Justice: Some Modest Reflections Barry Sullivan* I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro’s great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen’s Council-er or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to “order” than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice . Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection.1 [T]he Church has always had the duty of scrutinizing the signs of the times and of interpreting them in the light of the Gospel. Thus, in language intelligible to each generation, she can respond to the perennial questions which men ask about this present life and the life to come, and about the relationship of the one to the other. -
A Kötet Nyomdakész November11
RÉGIÓ ÉS OKTATÁS III EDUCATION AND CHURCH IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AT FIRST GLANCE RÉGIÓ ÉS OKTATÁS III Education and Church in Central and Eastern Europe at First Glance Edited by Gabriella Pusztai Center for Higher Education Research and Development University of Debrecen 2008 Series Editor Tamás Kozma Second revised edition Edited by Gabriella Pusztai Reviewed by Miklós Tomka Published by CHERD Center for Higher Education Research and Development University of Debrecen & Hungarian Academy of Sciences Board of Educational Sociology & Supported by REVACERN - Religions and Values - a Central and Eastern European Research Network on your website with a link to http://www.revacern.eu & Supported by OTKA ©Authors, 2008 Proof reader Ilona Dóra Fekete Copy editor Zsuzsa Zsófia Tornyi ISBN 9789634731023 ISSN 2060-2596 TABLE OF CONTENTS Gabriella Pusztai: Foreword.................................................................................. 11 Miklós Tomka: Balancing between religion and education in modernity ...... 21 DENOMINATIONAL SCHOOLS Jon Lauglo: Do Private Schools Cause Social Segregation? The Case of Basic Education in Norway ........................................................................... 29 Dana Hanesova: The Educational Role of Church-maintained Education in Slovakia after 1989 .................................................................. 59 Ryszard Małachowski: The Social, Legal and Functionary Aspects of Catholic Education in Poland (1991-2004) ................................................. 77 Eleonóra