Newsletter No. 122 July 2018 Howitzer – Newhaven Fort Photo courtesy of Graham Whittington 1 Membership Details Membership of the Ordnance Society runs from 1st July to 30th June. Application Forms can be downloaded from the membership section of the Ordnance Society web-site. Membership Rates – the current rate for individual members is £25. A limited number of student memberships will be available at a cost of £10. Please contact Ian McKenzie for corporate, lifetime and overseas rates. Renewal Forms are sent out with the AGM papers. Payment Payment should be in £ sterling by personal cheque, banker's draft or International Money Order, payable to "The Ordnance Society". Overseas sterling cheques must be drawn on a London bank. Payment via ‘Paypal’ may be possible – please e-mail The Ordnance Society for details. [email protected]. Committee Chairman: Trevor Parker Secretary: Nicholas Hall Treasurer: Geoff Smith Membership Secretary: Ian McKenzie Journal Editor: Andrew Tzavaras Publicity Officer: Peta Knott Visits Secretary: Neil Grant Newsletter Editor: Graham Whittington Ordinary Members: Bryan Martin, Peter Norris E-mail: [email protected] Web-site: http://ordnancesociety.org.uk/ 1 Index Title Author Page Howitzer Photo – Newhaven Fort Whittington, Graham Front Cover Provisional Details of 2018 AGM 2 From the Editor Whittington, Graham 3 Visit to the Weald Foundation Whittington, Graham 3 A Falchion is Not a Gun Morgan, Rob 3 Responses to Query – Clarke, Dale 4 Unidentified Artillery in Les Invalides Courtyard McKenzie, Ian Imperial Japanese Cyanide Grenades (Part 1) Mcallister, Peter 5 OS Visits Grant, Neil 10 Friday Insights Morgan, Rob 10 The Guns of the Eastbourne Redoubt Cooper, Mike 11 Interesting Websites Fyfe, Alastair 14 WWII Flame Barrage Morgan, Rob 15 Book Review McElvogue, Douglas 16 The British Civil Wars at Sea, 1638-1653 Natural Saltpeter in China Pijls, Sjef 18 Book Review - Morgan, Rob 19 International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology 14 More on the 100 Ton Gun Copenhaver, Tom 20 Big Guns - New Threat? Morgan, Rob 21 Minutes of the OS Meeting held on 17th June, Hall, Nicholas 22 2018 Photos from the visit to the Weald Foundation Whittington, Graham 26/ Inside back cover More on the Blacker Bombard Gander, Terry 27/Back Cover 2018 AGM The provisional date for the 2018 AGM is 23rd September. The proposed venue is Fort Cumberland subject to the agreement of English Heritage. An alternative venue is Priddy’s Hard. The AGM will be followed by talks and tour [if at Fort Cumberland]. A call for papers will be posted on the OS website when details have been finalised and announced. 2 From the Editor – Graham Whittington Thanks to everyone who sent in articles, photos, comments and queries for this edition of the newsletter and for inclusion in future editions. Please keep them coming. The next edition will be published in October 2018 – copy needed by 31th August please. Please send copy, electronically if possible as a WORD document, to [email protected] – contact me for my address if you need to send your copy in paper form. The contributor should ensure that any copyrighted material has permission for use and that the original owner is attributed. Visit to the Weald Foundation The Foundation was established to preserve, restore and maintain historic military vehicles but the collection also contains some interesting weaponry including an excellent PAK 40 from Finland and a German Nebelwerfer. Thanks to Neil Grant for organising this very interesting visit and to the Foundation for their excellent hospitality. The Foundation is not usually open to the public, except to members, so it was a privilege to be able to view the collection and find out more about the work being carried out. Please see the below link for details of how to join or support this worthwhile organisation. https://www.wealdfoundation.org/ _________________________________________________________________________________ From Rob Morgan A Falchion is Not a Gun Geoff Smith's response to my question on the two-barrelled replica gun merits a response to his on the falchion. Well, there is one around that I know of - the de Conyers falchion which is kept in Durham Cathedral's treasury, said to have been used in medieval times to kill the ferocious 'Sockburn Worm' by John de Conyers. It played a role in the consecration ceremonies of the Bishops of Durham until the 1700's. The falchion is described as three feet in length, weighing a little under three pounds, and said to be similar to one extant in Hamburg. The Royal Armouries and the Tower probably have a couple tucked away. 3 Re Unidentified Artillery in Les Invalides Courtyard From Dale Clarke Reference the query in NL 121 concerning the mysterious piece of ordnance in the Les Invalides courtyard in the April 2018 newsletter - this rang a bell, as I have seen a very similar image from the Channel Islands. I believe that one of the few surviving pieces of the 'German Jetty', broadly a German 'Mulberry' built for Op SEALION, and which ended its days as a jetty on Alderney (I think), was a very large ram, moved around on a trolley. Needless to say I don't have any reference to hand where I am at the moment (Land Warfare Centre, Warminster), but I would hazard that your object is one of these. Incidentally, thanks for all the great books, articles and so forth over the years - an endless source of inspiration and reference, particularly when I was working on my 'Arming the Home Guard' PhD and subsequent book Britain's Final Defence. You'll note I'm determinedly avoiding the current Newsletter discussion about the Blacker Bombard, as my views on sub-artillery are that it was anything but a joke - and yes the Bombard was used by the regular army, in the Western Desert - but the warring factions can read my book or download the thesis! From Ian McKenzie Looking at Terry Ganders picture from Les Invalides (NL121) I did wondered if it might be some form of pneumatic gun with all its flanges and protuberances. These saw a brief revival during WWI, including for mountain warfare where possibly the gunners were trying to avoid loud bangs that might bring an avalanche on their heads! There were some articles by John Day about such 'Dynamite guns' in previous issues of the Newsletter. Whilst I've not seen anything that exactly matches Terry's gun there appears to be some similarity with Rapieff designed guns. An interesting survey of this type of weapon can be found at:- http://www.douglas-self.com/MUSEUM/COMMS/pneuguns/pneuguns.htm (Accessed 01/06/2018) 4 From Peter Mcallister Imperial Japanese Cyanide Grenades (Part 1) Here at the Ordnance Society we deal not just in the more common of weapon types, but also in the weird, wonderful and in this case rather odious type of weapon. It is an oddity of the human psyche that the thought of our fellow man being disembowelled by shrapnel horrific as it is, does not quite affect us in the was that say, death by gas does. Of course this short article is not about the human condition but rather it is about the glass, cyanide filled ‘grenades’ used by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in the second world war. It should first be noted that Japan had a long association with non-explosive filled ordnance, if that term can be used. For instance both Ming China and the Japanese nation around the same time had ‘grenades’ filled with angry bees! It is also likely that Korean and Song Chinese refugees from the Mongolian advance told their new hosts of the underground use of poison gasses against the Mongols in siege warfare1. Far closer to our day is the Japanese observation of the use of various gasses from the First World War. After that war Japan began to re-forge her armed forces. It seems to have taken a little time to get a chemical program off the ground but when it did it was a large program. By 1937, Lewesite, which is an especially effective form of mustard gas, could be produced at over a ton per day. An army chemical school was set up near Tokyo at Narashino amidst a 40 acre well supplied area for testing new weaponry2. The commander was Major General Yamazaki, the students themselves were carefully chosen for the eleven month course. In all almost 3,500 officers passed successfully within twelve years. Japan now had a usable chemical warfare arm3. Before we take a look at the weapon itself, let us at least swiftly look at what was contained within the glass sphere. Cyanide*, is without any doubt one of the world’s best known poisons, beloved of writers of both fact and fiction. However its swift lethality can be exaggerated, it being possible to only suffer very mild discomfort dependent upon dosage. Hydrogen Cyanide has a melting point of -15 degree centigrade and a boiling point of + 26 degree centigrade, Hydro Cyanide itself mixes well with water and can penetrate both cell and skin tissue on contact, HY-CY binds to Cytochrome Oxidase and death results through a lack of oxygen, the skin often turns a reddish palour4. On the face of it a Cyanide filled grenade appears to be an excellent weapon. Especially for combat in any built up areas or against mediocre armoured vehicles or pillboxes. 5 It is hard to be sure just when the idea of a Cyanide filled grenade was seriously mooted. It should be noted that there was nothing new about the usage of glass ‘grenades’ filled with toxic and or other substances in 20th century warfare.