Offshore Tax Enforcement, Voluntary Disclosure, And Undeclared Foreign Accounts Scott D. Michel A. Introduction 1. For the past several years the worldwide business press has been full of stories about potentially thousands of U.S. taxpayers who may have undeclared accounts all over the world. Through a variety of mechanisms, the U.S. government has obtained information about American account holders and their assets from juris- dictions previously thought nearly impenetrable. Many developments are public; others are occurring in quiet conference rooms in Washington, D.C., and elsewhere Scott D. Michel and may never become fully known to the public. is a member of Caplin & Drysdale, has been with the firm since 1981, and currently serves as the firm’s president. He is internationally recognized 2. Recent developments portend the gradual erosion of for his experience in handling matters arising the traditional concept of bank secrecy and increased from the U.S. government’s recent crackdown on transparency among nations regarding financial infor- foreign accounts, including criminal tax investi- gations, civil audits, and voluntary disclosures. He mation. In large part, a consensus has emerged that dis- can be reached at
[email protected]. closure of heretofore secret bank data is now routinely warranted not just to protect against more heinous crimes, such as terrorism, narcotics, money laundering, and financial fraud, but more simply to promote the tax and fiscal interests of a given nation. 3. This article discusses methods of enforcement, incen- tives, and deterrence being used by the U.S. govern- ment to bring U.S. taxpayers into compliance, to pros- ecute alleged wrongdoers located both in and outside the United States, and to penetrate long-standing protections for bank information maintained in many countries outside the United States.