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WOMEN'S WAR WORK

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ISSUED BY THE WAR OFFICE

September 1916

LONDON Printed under the Authority of HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE By the CHISWICK PRESS, Tooka Court, Chancery Lane, E.G.

PRICE ONE SHILLING

{Can be purchased in the manner indicated on the back) 'f-v '^ 4.- WOMEN'S WAR WORK

WOMEN'S WAR WORK

In maintaining the Industries & Export Trade of the United Kingdom

INFORMATION OFFICIALLY COMPILED FOR THE USE OF RECRUITING OFFICERS, MILITARY REPRESENTATIVES AND TRIBUNALS (4) Wt. 16869—44 25,cxx3 9/16 C.P. G.51 ;

CONTENTS

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INTRODUCTORY NOTE by the ADJUTANT-GENERAL TO THE FORCES 7

Part I

TRADES AND PROCESSES in which Women are successfully employed in temporary replacement of Men

INDEX OF TRADES (including Agriculture) ... 1 lo-ii

DETAILED LIST OF PROCESSES 13-30

MUNITIONS WORK _ _ ... „ 31-38

Part II

PHOTOGRAPHS OF WOMEN WORKERS illustrating the successful employment of Women in temporary replacement of Men.

INDEX OF PHOTOGRAPHS 40-41

PHOTOGRAPHS 42-77

Part III

LISTS OF OFFICIALS whose assistance is available to Recruiting Officers and Military Representatives on questions affecting the supply of Women Workers to release men for the Army, and the conditions of their employment.

H.M. INSPECTORS OF FACTORIES 81-82

MANAGERS OF LABOUR EXCHANGES 83-90 BOARD OF TRADE WOMEN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZING

OFFICERS 91.92 HON. SECRETARIES OF WOMEN'S COUNTY COMMITTEES

FOR AGRICULTURE 93-94

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PREFACE

formation of large Armies has necessarily had a far-reaching

THE industrial and commercial life of the Nation, and in effect on the view of the increasing demand for men of military age to bear arms in the defence of liberty, it is incumbent on those not engaged in Military Service to make a supreme effort to maintain the output of Articles required for the War and the export trade.

It is considered that a more widespread knowledge of the success which has been attained by Women in nearly all branches of men's work is most desirable, and will lead to the release of large numbers of men to the Colours who have hitherto been considered indispensable. Employers who have met the new conditions with patience and foresight readily admit that the results achieved by the temporary employment of Women far exceed their original estimates, and even so are capable of much further extension. If this is true in their case, how much greater must be the scope for such substitution by those

Employers who have not attempted it from reasons of apprehension or possibly prejudice? The necessity of replacing wastage in our Armies will eventually compel the release of all men who can be replaced by women, and it is therefore in the interests of Employers to secure and train temporary substitutes as early as possible, in order to avoid any falling off in production.

Military Representatives and Chairmen of Tribunals will, it is hoped, find the lists and examples given in this book of service in dealing with claims put forward on grounds of indispensability, while Employers of Labour may find new ways of increasing their output in spite of the shortage of male labour.

The Factory Inspectors of the Home Office, of whom a list is shown on pages 8i and 82, should be consulted in regard to the

suitability of any particular process for the employment of women,

or in regard to the conditions under which they are to work. Particulars of Divisional Offices and Labour Exchanges, also

Agents with Labour Exchange powers, will be found on pages 83 to 90. The Divisional Officers and Managers of Labour Exchanges, who represent the Board of Trade and Ministry of Munitions, will be able

to give information as to the local requirements of labour and the

probable labour supply which would be available to fill any given vacancy. They will give every attention to requests for information on

i —

; , PREFACE these lines, and are anxious to assist by registering, advising, and finding suitable employment for women workers. Reference may also be made to the Information Bureau of the Board of Trade Employment Department, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, S.W., and to the Women Agricultural Organizing Officers and Honorary Secre- taries of Women's County Committees for Agriculture, lists of whose names and addresses are shown on pages 91 to 94. In some parts of the country most effective substitution has been achieved by getting one of the womenfolk of a soldier's own family to replace him in civil life. Thus wives have taken up their husbands' work, sisters their brothers', daughters their fathers', even mothers their sons'. Substitution of this kind has much to recommend it. It helps to avoid domestic disturbance and the breaking-up of homes.

Women of Great Britain, employers of labour, remember that :

(a) No man who is eligible for Military Service should be retained in civil employment if his place can be temporarily filled by a woman or by a man who is ineligible for Military Service.

(b) No man who is ineligible for Military Service should be retained on work which can be performed by a woman (for the duration of the

War) if the man himself can be utilized to release to the Colours one who is eligible for Military Service and who cannot be satisfactorily replaced by a woman. WOMEN^S WAR WORK

INTRODUCTORY NOTE BY THE ADJUTANT-GENERAL TO THE FORCES

impossibility of forecasting in any degree the extent to THEwhich the resources of the Empire may be taxed before the

"War is brought to a successful conclusion, makes it imperative on all who are engaged in the Recruiting of the Army to acquaint themselves fully with the measures by which it is possible to extract the maximum man power of the nation with a minimum dislocation of trade. The manufacture of munitions of war is as essential to success as the upkeep of our armies, and equally so is the maintenance of our position as the great trade power of the world.

Men, especially those who are young and physically fit, are neces- sary to keep up our fighting strength in the field, but unless the work normally carried on by these men in civil life is maintained, our armies can never attain full and complete victory.

It is therefore towards the replacement in civil life of men drawn for the Army that the efforts of all engaged on recruiting work must be constantly directed.

In some measure the void can be filled by men not physically fit for

Army work, but this source of supply is not enough for the country's needs. Since the outbreak of war the women of Britain have shown themselves ready and anxious to undertake every form of work where their services could be accepted, and this book is intended not only to indicate that women have shown themselves capable of successfully replacing the stronger sex in practically every calling, but is offered also as a tribute to their effective contribution to the Empire in its hour of need.

It is not claimed that the following pages embody by any means a complete synopsis of all work in which women can relieve men who are required to fight actively for their country; they are merely published as a guide for Recruiting Officers, Military Representatives, and Members of Tribunals, whose untiring efforts must be devoted to amplify and extend the scope of women's usefulness, by which alone our country can hope to emerge victorious from a struggle without parallel in her long and glorious history.

War Office, Whitehall, S.W. ist August, igi6. Ljsh^.

PART I

TRADES AND PROCESSES

In which Women are successfully employed

in temporary replacement of Men

INDEX OF TRADES (including Agriculture) ... pages lo-ii

DETAILED LIST OF PROCESSES pages 13-30

MUNITIONS WORK ...... pages 31-38 INDEX OF TRADES

In which Women are successfully employed

Chemical Trades Page Candles 13 Chemicals for Tanning, Textiles, and other Trades 13 Drugs, Fine Chemicals, etc 13 Heavy Chemicals (Salt, Soda, and Alkali) 13 Manures and Fertilizers 13 Matches and Fire Lighters 13 Oil, Oil Seed Cake, Seed Crushing 13 Paints, Colours, and Varnishes 13.14 Soap 14 Starch, Glue, and Polishes 14

Clothing Trades

... 14. INDEX OF TRADES

Textile Trades Page Cotton ig, 20 Hosiery 20 Jute 20 Lace ao Linen... 20 Mat and Fibre 20 Rope and Twine 20, 21 Sack Making 21 Silk 21 Textile Small Ware, Tents, Belting, Braid etc. 21 Textile Bleaching and Dyeing 21 22, 23 Webbing 23

Woollen and Worsted ... 23

Woodworking Trades

Box and Packing Case Making 24 Furniture 24 Saw Milling 24

Miscellaneous Trades

Basket Making and Wicker Work

DETAILED LIST OF PROCESSES

* In which Women are successfully employed

CHEMICAL TRADES

Heavy Chemicals (continued) Candles Shaking Bags Bleaching Wicks Stacking Casting Dips Sweeping Doubling Wicks Taking from Presses and Putting on Racks Making Night Light Cases Moulding Dept. (Filling, Winding-up, and and Fertilizers Emptying) Manures Packing Feeding Elevators Plaiting Wicks Taking Bags from Chutes Lights Putting Wicks on Night Weighing Bags of Manure Scraping Blocks of Paraffin Wax Wheeling Barrows Stamping Name on Candles Trucking Winding Wicks Matches and Fire Lighters y^ Box and Case Making Chemicals for Tanning, Textiles, and Chopping up Fire Lighters other Trades Tin Lining Tray Carrying Bricksetter's Labourer Veneering Digging out and Placing in Dishes Discharging and Loading on the Tip Oil. Oil Seed Cake, Seed Crushing Emptying Coolers Feeding and Tending Elevators Anti-fouling and Anti-corrosive Comp. Trolleys, Loading Ashes, etc., into Barges, (Manf of) and Wagons Armour Injection Comp. (Manf. of) Mixing for Furnaces ,^ Attending Filter Presses Packing " Auto Bag Filling Shovelling into Chute Cake Breaking Varnishing Kegs Chalking up Yard Labourer - Cleaning Hydraulic Presses ^Enamelling Barrels Filling Bags and Cans with Meal or Nuts Drugs, Fine Chemicals, etc. Labouring and Light Trucking Locust Cutter Attending Boiling Pans Maize Bruising Bottle Washing Mechanical Cooperage Coating Photographic Plates Painting Cans Crystallising Press Shop Laboratory Work Making Gum Riddling over Screens Sealing Cans Packing Patent Medicines Sewing up Bags Pill Making Stacking small Tins Removing Jubes from Tins Sticking Scent Making Shampoo Powder Making Weighing Warehouse Work Weighing up in Coating Room Paints, Colours, and Varnishes

Colour Mixing Heavy Chemicals (Salt, Soda, and Feeding Granite Rolls Alkali) Filling Tins and Barrels Filling Varnish; attending Roberts' or Blue Beds other Filling Machines Labouring Grinding; attending Cone or Roller Mills

* The inclusion of the name of a process in this or any of the following lists does not of course necessarily imply that every man stated to be performing that process can be replaced by a woman. The possibility of actual replacement depends in each case upon the particular circumstances of the case, including such matters as the extent to which substitution had already been carried in the factory, the availability of suitable women for the work, or (in the case of agriculture) the nature of the land. Processes CHEMICAL TRADES

Paints, Colours, and Varnishes (continued) CLOTHING TRADES Processes

Boots and Shoes {continued) Making Department {continued) Stitching Machine Universal Slugger Upper Trimming (Goodyear) Waste Skiving Welt Beating Welt Sewing

Preparation Department Cementing Machine Feather-edge Shank Reducer Fitting up Gem Canvas Machine Insole Channelling Julian or Planet Rounder Nichols' Evener and Grader Processes CLOTHING TRADES

Hats {continued) FOOD TRADES Processes

Bread, Cake, an d Pastry Making {continued) Fruit Preserving, Chocolate and Sugar Cakes and Pastry Making {continued) Confectionery Making Iceing Fruit Preserving Mixing Moulding Boiling Bottle Washing Pastry Making Stamping Bottling Weighing Filling Lifting Cans of Sugar Packing Brewing and Bottling Beer Sterilizing Brewing Beer Chocolate and Sugar Confectionery

Cask Filling Making Cask Marking Cake Machine (feeding) Cask Washing Carrying Cleaning Rubber Tubing Confectionery Centre Machine (attending) Rolling and Stacking Casks Cream Making Machine (feeding) Filling Chocolates Beer and Wine Bottling Kneading Moulding and Knocking Cakes from Bottling Mould Bottling by Machine Moulding Chocolates Bottle Sorting Packing Bottle Washing Starch Hands Cap Filling Sugar Boiling Carbonating Transferring Chocolate in Grinding Room Cellar Women (work as) Trolley Work Collecting Stoppers Corking Grain Milling ' Discharge of Empty Cases Bag Cleaning Drawing off from large to small casks by Branding

Rubber Tube . Brushing Belts Feeding Roller Runners Cardboard Box Making Filling Boxes and Cases Cleaning Plant Labelling Emptying into Hoppers Packing Loading Hoist (assisting in) Passing Cases down Spiral Nailing up Boxes Pulp Washing Packing Refrigerating Machine (attending) Picking Rotary Filling Portering Small Hand Filter (attending) Riddling Damaged Bran Stacking Sack Cleaning Taking off Runners Sack Filling Trucking Sack Mending Warehouse Work Stowing Washing on Exposed Revolving Brush Trucking Wrapping Warehouse Work Weighing Distilling Spirits Sugar Refining

Box Making Bag Washing, Mangling, Drying, etc. Catching Draff from Machine Bag Sewing Chemical Work Box Making ^ Cleaning in Slummage House Cube Cutting Despatch Work Cutting Machine Minding Digging and Spreading Barley Filling Bags, Casks, and Glucose Moulds Fermenting Room (work in) Filling Treacle Tins Granaries (work in) Granulating Light Labouring in Grist Loft Light Work on Glucose Manf. Loading and Stripping Malt Kilns (oper- Melting and Mixing (assisting in) ating machine for) Mould and Stove Work (assisting in) Malting Work Raw Sugar Centrifugals (attending) Packing Refined Sugar Centrifugals (attending) Sewing Bags Packing Skimming Room (work in) Spreading Sugar in Boxes Taking from Presses Trucking Washing Sheets and Fermenting Vessels Weighing Bags and Casks Yeast Making Unloading Raw Sugar

17 Processes PAPER AND PRINTING TRADES

Cardboard Boxes Paper and Wall Paper (contimied) Binding Printing Wall Paper Calendar Rolling (leather boards) Pulp Bleaching Corner Punching Machine Pulping Machines (feeding rags and paper Creasing Machine (card boxes) clippings into) Cutting Machine (card boxes) Reeling Machines (assisting at certain kinds Cutting Card (fancy boxes) oQ Damping "Rollergang" Machine (feeding) Drying Sampling Finishing Sewing up Bales Gold Blocking Sheet Catching Guillotine (feeding) Sorting Rags Laying-on Storing Waste Nailing Stowing Bales of Esparto and Wood Pulp Packing Taking from Cutter Paste Filling Trucking Bales of Wood Pulp (up to 4cwt.) Platen-Machine Work Trucking from Esparto Boilers Plating Twist Catching at Reeling Machines Printing Tying and Bundling into Reams and Half Punching Reams(generally up to about 40 lb. weight) Rolling Willowing Machines (feeding Esparto and Sand Papering mechanical pulp into) Scoring Varnishing Sheet Laying Warehouse Work Stamping

Stock Keeping « Stripping Printing, Bookbinding, Stereotyping, Waste Sorting Engraving, etc. Binding Paper and Wall Paper Blocking Case Making Baling Compositors' Work (type-setting) Beaters and Kneaders (feeding) Colour Printing (feeding and minding ma- Boatermen (assisting) chine) Boilers (feeding Esparto into) Copy-holding Bundling, Tying into Reams and Half Correcting Type Reams (generally up to about 40 lb. Counting Paper weight) Cutting Paper Burnishing Machine (attending) Cyko Printing (photo enlarging) Calenders (assisting at) Distributing Type Chopper (feeding) Eyeletting Coating Machine (assisting at) Feeding Printing Machines(Platens,Wharfe- Coating Silver Paper dales, Drum Cylinders, Two-revolutions Collar Gang Perfecting, Two-colour, etc.) Collecting Finishing (litho work) Combing Finishing (photo enlarging) Combing for Paper Coating Machine Minding Cutting Machines (filling: in some cases with Monotype Operating aid of lifting tackle) Monotype Keyboard Work Edge Runners (feeding) Packing and Tying-up Embossing Paper Bag Folding, Labelling, Sticking- Enamelling Paper (feeding machine for) down, etc. Esparto Dusting and Handling Picture Post Card Cutting and Developing Glazing Platen Hands Grass Breaking Reading Grinding Machine (feeding) Ruling Machine Guillotine (taking off) Storing Pages of Type Hand Crane (working) Type Setting Kneaders and Beaters (feeding) Warehouse Work Labouring Wire Stitching Loading (vans, railway truckg, and steamers) Making up Rolls Melting Resin in Pans Publication of Newspapers and Mixing Paper Periodicals Packing Pattern Department Work Copy-holding Potchers (feeding mechanical and chemical Cutting for Printer pulp into) Despatch Work Presse Pate Folding

18 PAPER AND PRINTING TRADES Processes

Publication of Newspapers, etc. (contintied) Processes TEXTILE TRADES

Cotton {continued) Lace Weaving (continued) Beaming Velvet Cutting Brass Winding Warp Making Punching at Cards Waster Breakers (assisting) Reading-off Weaving Shuttling Weighing Spooling Willowiiig Stripping Winding Threading Wrapping Pieces Threading Levers Lace Warping Hosiery Boarding Linen Carrying and Packing Circular Head Machines Balling Circular Tenters ' Beaming Coton's Frames Bleaching Cloth Coton's Machines Breaker Cans Coton's Frame (power) Brindling Countermen Card Copying Dolling Carding Drying Cropping Machine Winding Dubred's Flat Machines Cutting Fettling Drawing Fettling and Changing Patterns Dressing Fine Knitting Machines Drying Finishing Examining Flat Machines Finishing Cloth Folding Finishing Thread Hackling Foster and Harrison's Flat Machines Hand Frames Hemp Breaking Jersey Heads Lapping Machine Winding Measuring Loom Tenting Overlooking Machine Repairing Pearl Machines Mounting Pressing Piecing Scott-Williams' Machines Roughing Roving Supervising in Various Depts. Trimming and Overlooking Spinning Warehouse and Inspecting Warehouse Work Warehouse Overlooking Warping Warehouse Work Weaving Preparing Warping for Milanese Fabric Yarn Machine Minding Winding Yarn Weighing X.L. Machine Yarn Men Mat and Fibre Jute Balling-up Cleaning Fibre Batching Fibre Mixing Machines Calendering Hand Finishing Cloth Picking Hand Hackling Cropping Machine Winding Hand Loom Weaving Dressing Large Power Loom Weaving Hand Cutting Bass Pulling down Yarn Hydraulic Press Packing Quill Winding Machine Feeding Rod Mat Weaving Packing Stranding Preparing Winding Putting up Yarn in Dyehouse Rove Frames (working on) Sack Bundling Rope and Twine Sewing Ends Shifting Bobbins Balling Spinning Doubling Stitching Foreboard Tenting Knotting Twisting Machine Minding Weighing up Cans Machine Twisting

30 TEXTILE TRADES Processes

Rope and Twine {continued) Textile Small Ware, etc. (continued) Making Twine Feeding Teasing Machines (Hair) Making-up and Packing Garnetting Preparing Grummetting Rope Walk Stranding Hammock Sewing Small Rope Making Machines Inspecting Splicing Machining Tents Splicing Fixing Pegs on Ropes Mixing Clay Stretching Rag Washing ^ Stripping Scribbling Machines Supervising Sizing Hemp Spinners Tarring Splicing Small Cords Winding Stitching Tents Strap Sewing Stripping Tarpaulin Spinning Sack Making Tent Finishing Threading Beating Cleaning Warping Belting Weaving Horsehair Cloth Cleaning at Power Driven Brushes Examining Weaving Small Wares Hand Cutting Machine Hand Stitching Coal Sacks Textile Bleaching Machine Stitching Nosebags and Dyeing Packing Yarns Power Machining Receiving Bundle Dyeing Repairing Banding and Assisting in Grey Room Sorting Heading (in dry process) Stamping Making-up and Pressing (on power Trucking presses) Twining Papering and Ticketing Warehouse Work Cops Weighing Packing Cops in Cases after Drying Packing in Dyeing Machines Spindling Silk Stoving Raw Cotton Dyeing Appold Looms (warping for) Feeding Cotton Breaker (preparatory Bobbin Carrying to drying after dyeing) Braid Tenting Combing Warps Assisting in Grey Room Cutting Balling Machines up to Warps of lb. Finishing 25 Looming each Box Watching of Dyeing Machines, Reeling and in some cases Size Machines Spinning Warp Splitting (either by hand or Supervising in Spooling Room Throwing power) Twisting Warehouse Work Warping for Appold Looms Piece Goods Weaving Bleaching Winding Assistants on Tins Guiding-in on Clip Stretchers, Belt Textile Small Ware, Tents, Belting, Stretchers, and Stenter Marking Lot Numbers in Grey Room Braid, etc. Piling Light Goods Braiding Rubber Scutching Stitching Brattice Cloth Machine Minding Brass Winding Making-up Room Carrying Washed Hair to Kilns Assisting in Carrying-off for Stampers Cleaning Cylinders Assisting in Filling and Emptying Cording Hydraulic Press with Light Goods Cutting Holdalls (not lifting iron plates) Cutting Out Tents Banding Eyeletting Creasing Feeding Machines (Brattice Cloth) Cutting

21 Processes TEXTILE TRADES

Textile Bleaching and Dyeing (continued) Piece Goods—Dyeing {continued) Piece Goods—Bleaching [continued) Finished Goods Room—Charge of Cutting Patterns Mender Room Light Stamping • Finished Goods Room—Checking Making up Light Goods Goods for Town Finished Making up Light Shirtings Goods Room—Stamping Finishing Parcelling Light Goods Machines Parcelling Light Shirtings Gregging Room Paring Grey Treadles, etc. Grey Stock (receiving, Piling Light Goods ready for Press Rooms wheeling Plaiting trucks, etc.) Ribboning Laboratory (assistants) Silking Mole Department (backing, shearing, Straightening finishing) Passing Taking Light Goods out of Presses (not Table (marking-off, carrying, etc.) lifting pieces) Taping Peg Machines, Minders, Pulling Over, Ticketing and Carrying Piece Carrying, Trucking, etc. Grey Packing Room Departments Marking-off Plaiting Machines Making out Pack Tickets and Invoices Pony Driver Taking Lengths Scouring Winces (first time and picker) Setters up Shearing Machines Calico Printing Soaking Becks Bleach Croft Stretching Plaiting Down Tramway Attendant Dyeing and Soaping Departments Washing and Brushing Guiding Pieces Whizzing (first time pickers and dyed) Plaiting down from Drying Machines Sewing Finishing Dyeing (other than Velvets and Guiding Pieces Cords Sewing ) off Drying Machines Taking Cloth Overlooking Grey Room Stiffening and Drying on Continuous Sewing Machines: Guiding-in or taking-off Stamping Finishing Machine Room Back of Schreiner Calenders—Guiding Plaiting down for Printing Machines on Batch at back (provided the heat is not excessive) Damping Machines—Guiding on from White Room Wagons and Plaiting-off Drying Tins Holding through Endless Stamping and Sewing (not carrying) Making-up Room: Stentering Banding, Taping, Silking, and Feeding and Plaiting down (provided Ribboning Cutting and Straightening the heat is not excessive) Sewing Cutting Patterns Filling and Emptying Press (plates Warehouse must not be lifted by women) Clerical Work Light Hooking and Stamping and Straightening Cutting Light Parcelling, Making up Light Pattern Cutting Goods Plaiting Machines Marking-off and Ticketing Silking Papering and Tilloting Plaiting and Creasing Machine Dyeing (Velvets and Cords) Pin and Clip Stretching. Guiding- in and Plaiting-off Ageing, Loading, and Unloading Storekeeping Ashpans, Sour Kettles, Bleaching, Strap Stretching—Guiding-in and Chemic Machines, WashingMachines, Plaiting-off Winces, Mangle, etc. Cord Cutting by Hand and Machines Grey Room Stamp- on Velvet Goods only Sewing, Measuring, Weighing, Doctoring ing, and Piling Light Work Drying Cylinders—Edge Minding, Tail Hot Air Stenter Ending, Wiring-in, and Carrying Guiding-in and Taking-off, Weft Examining Cloth Straightening

2i TEXTILE TRADES Processes

Textile Bleaching and Dyeing (continued) Woollen (continued) Piece Goods—Dyeing (continued) Minding Machines in Finishing Depart- ment Mercerising Minding Scrubber Machine Assisting at Mercerising Machines, Mule Spinning Guiding and Plaiting-off Packing Raising and Felting Machines Perching Scutching Pattern Weaving Open on to Wagons Piece Inspecting Sewing Piecing In any Part of the Works Pressing Rag Grinding Batch Carrying and Lifting must N.B.— Raising men. be done by Reaching-in Reeling Webbing Ring Spinning Scouring Band Knife Cutting Sorting Cloth Shrinking Stock Keeping and Handing out Yarns Cutting Taking Bobbins from Condenser Eyeletting Twisting-in Finishing Warehouse Work Fitting Ends to Straps Warping Riveting to Wood Battens for Shell Slings Warp Sizing Stitching Watching Wool at Scribbler Ends Stretching Weaving Stringing Winding Taking off Calender Yarn Dyeing Machine Taking off Dyehouse Machines Washing Pieces on Winces Washing Machines Waxing Worsted Working Hydro Extractor Back Washing Machine Minding Bobbin Carrying Woollen and Worsted Breaking-off Woollen Can Catching Card end Minding Banking and Bolting Card Feeding Blanket Folding, Beaming, Raising, Card Picking Stacking Carding Machine Minding Blending Combing Machine Minding Blowing Doffers' Asst. Overlooker Burling Gilling Machine Minding Carding Hanking Condenser Watcher Loosing after Combs Creeling Papering Yarns Cutting and Cropping Perching Drawing Preparing Box Minding Dyeing Set Weighing Examining Twisting-in Feeding Rag Shaker Warping Filling Patent Automatic Hopper Feeds Wash Bowl Filling Quilts Weaving Hoist Work Weft Room Work Knotting Wetting Laying-on Departments Willeying Machine Minding Machine Tenting Yarn Drying Milling Department Yarn Testing

23 Processes WOODWORKING TRADES

Box and Packing Case Making MISCELLANEOUS TRADES Processes

Basket Making and Wicker Work China {continued) Decorating Basket Fitting Dipping Basket Making (lighter branches) Cane Work Dusting Lining Panniers Dusting-off Machines Packing Filling Saggerswith Ware (both Glost and Painting Biscuit) Peeling Flat Jolleying Sorting Willows Flat Knocking Wood Cutting Hand Colouring Handling Bricks Hollow-ware Jiggering Hollow-ware Jolleying Common Bricks Litho-transfer Making (various subsidiary Loading processes) Pressing Mould Running Setting Placing (not heavy carrying) Stacking Tile Pressing Taking off from Presses Turning Wheeling Fireclay Goods Glazed and Enamelled Bricks Application of Bodies and Glazes Cutting Clay Carrying Pipes (small sizes) Dipping Fettling Drawing Finishing Enamelling Laying out Tiles Finishing Making Tiles (by hand) Glazing Making Small Sinks, Basins, etc. Moulding Setting Pressing Stacking-up Putting on Slips Taking off Firebricks from Presses Setting Wheeling to Kiln Taking off from Presses Wheeling Stoneware Dipping and Brush Jam Jars Stone Bottles Making Making Jam Jars and Stone Bottles Boring by Machine Packing Jam Jars Drawing Turning Jam Jars Dressing, Fibre and Bristle Drilling Ware, Red and Buff Clay Fashioning (second fashioning) of Bone Brushes Glazed Filling Clay Preparing Finishing Drawing Glueing Glazing Hair Dressing Setting Hair Mixing Taking-off from Thrower Packing Paint Brush Making Unglazed (Flowerpots, Tiles, etc.) Painting Carrying to Kiln Pan Work (fibre and hair) Drawing Passing Taking from Presses to Machines Planing Throwing Flowerpots Polishing Wheeling Sand -papering Shaping Tobacco Pipes, Moulding Tacking Trimming Games, Toys, etc. Varnishing Wood Turning Cross Cut and Circular Saws Cutting Out (football covers) China, Earthenware, Pottery Lathe Work China Leather Work Machine Work Board Washing Packing Casting Painting Cleaning Stoves Picture Frame Joining Cleaning Mangles Polishing Colouring Machine Attending Power Presses

25 Processes MISCELLANEOUS TRADES

Gas and Electricity Supply Manufacture of Rubber A rticles Barrowing Coke Armouring Machine (Hose of Small Dia- -^ Cleaning and Maintaining Lamps, Burners meter) and Mantles Asbestos Cloth Cutting Cleaning, Repairing, and Painting Meters Blowing on and off Cycle Tubes •J Collecting Accounts Buffing

, Fitting Stoves Building up of Treads >y Inspecting Meters Building up of Tyres Labouring (lighter work) Case Making ^Lighting Street Lamps Cleaning Tyres Loading Coke or Breeze Cold Cure Department Packing Coke or Breeze Corrugating Vacuum Hose Reading Meters Covering Bands Screening Coke or Breeze Covering Wringer Rollers ^Show-room Attendants ^—Cutting and Making up Joints, Valves, Show-room Cleaners Washers, etc. Switchboard Attendants ^-.Cutting and Making up Cushions, Hot Testing Meters Water Bottles, Water Beds, etc. Washing Coke or Breeze Cutting and Making up Rubber Gloves Cutting Canvas Glass Cutting Ground Sheets and Garments by Cutting Machines, Short Knife, and Glass Bottle Making Slot Knife Carrying from Blowers to Ovens Cutting Rubber for Tyres, etc. Carrying from Tables Cutting Emptying and Filling Lehrs Cycle Tube Making Packing Fixing Tread Puntying Bottles Hose Making Assistants (Large Diameter Riddling Hoses) Sorting Bottles Hose Making, Machine and Hand (Small Trucking Diameter Ho. es) Hydraulic Press Attending Other Glass Making Making up Joints, Valves, Washers, etc. Measuring Bending Moulding (Hydraulic Presses and helping Box Making at Steam Vulcanisers) Carrying Plate Glass Pasting up of Cloth Cementing Leaded Panes a sgjveting Steel Studs Cleaning Glass Rubbermg Bands Crane Driving Sieving Cushions, Hot Water Bottles, and Discharging Water Beds, etc. Glass Cutting Short Knife Cutting Glass Edging Slot Knife Cutting Glass Grinding Spreading Department, Pasting-up Making Iron Hampers Steam Vulcanisers (helping at light work) Mixing (assisting) Steel Stud Riveting Packing Solid Tyre Department, Covering and Polishing Rubbering Bands Silvering Tube Making by Hand Syringe Work Tubing Machines Working Broken Glass Tyre Cleaning Tyre Examining India Rubber and Gutta Percha Vacuum Hose Making up (by hand) Varnishing Manufacture and Reclaiming of Vulcanite Buffing Rubber Warehouse Processes

Calenders (assisting) Chemists' Department (assisting) Leather Dressing and Tanning Crushing on the Masticators Drying Cylinders (assisting) Blue Striking out Feeding Calenders Brushing-off Mixing Machine Minding (Dry Powders) Brushing-on Mixing Machine Minding (Wet, prepara- Buffing tory to spreading) Carrying off from Machines Rough Spreading Carrying off from Sorters Packing, etc., in Stores Colouring Taking off Strip Rubber from Calenders Carrying Warming-up Dipping in Hypo and Acid Liquors Washing on the Masticators Embossing

36 MISCELLANEOUS TRADES Processes

Leather Dressing and Tanning {continued) Processes MISCELLANEOUS TRADES

Pianos, etc. {continued) NON-INDUSTRIAL OCCUPATIONS Processes

Retail and Distributive Trades

Women are being extensively employed by retail tradesmen for counter work, packing, and delivering, in trades where men were previously employed. Packing and delivering are considered under Warehouse Work and Van Work (Transport) respect- ively. The employment of women on counter work depends to some extent on the weight of goods to be handled. In some trades, e.g. grocery, the goods may be packed in smaller quantities than was for- merly usual, while in others a few men must be retained for heavy lifting. Even in the latter case, however, there is often much work which can be done by women. In the piece goods department of a large draper, for instance, women may not be able to lift the heavy rolls of cloth, but all the actual serving, measuring, etc., may be done by them and the male staff thus greatly reduced.

Transport Trades

Railways i Booking Clerks Carriage Cleaners Carriage Washers Carriage Repairers (seats, upholstery) Clerks (Administrative offices) Cooks in Dining Cars Electric Train Cleaners Engine Cleaners and Greasers Goods Porters (harrowing, etc.) in Goods Yards or Warehouses Labourers in Repair Sheds Lift Attendants Labourers in Stations (trucking, etc.) Machinists in Railway Workshops Messengers Number Takers Parcels Porters Platform Porters Telegraphists Ticket Collectors — ;;

H AGRICULTURE

List of Occupations in which Wonmen are successfully employed

Occupation Particulars of Occupation Remarks

Agricultural Labourer- Bondager; datal man (on farm); Large numbers of women are Farm Servant drillman; hay and straw binder; doing the different kinds hedger and ditcher; hop ground of work mentioned, and

labourer ; mulcher strapper ; ; are being increasingly twitcher. useful.

Agricultural Labourer Cattleman ; milker ; dairyman (on In large numbers and with farm) for Cattle ; stockman's assistant success. yardman.

Agricultural Labourer Carter (on farm) ploughman To a very limited extent, ; ; as for Horses teamsman. • only the women who have a knowledge of horses are suitable.

Agricultural Machine Reaping machine attendant; motor To a limited extent. Quite Attendant plougher; straw presser; thresh- suitable work, but experi- ing machine attendant. ence required.

Gardeners Cropper ; landscape gardener ; la- In large numbers. Demand bourer; orchard gardener. much exceeds supply.

Market Gardener (in- In large numbers. Demand cluding Labourer) much exceeds supply.

Nurseryman, Seedsman, Largely." Florist

Plantation Labourer To a limited extent

Shepherd's Help In a few instances. More might be done by women.

Miscellaneous workers Filbert grower; grass-keeper; hop, In very large numbers. Much engaged in or con- fruit, pea picker; osier grower, of this work is habitually trimmer peat cutter poultry- done by women. nected with Agricul- ; ;

man ; teasel grower ; turf cutter ture twig cutter; watercress gatherer; willow hoer and trimmer.

30 MUNITIONS WORK Successfully Undertaken by Women in Temporary Substitution or Dilution of Male Labour

For convenience of reference the information under this head is arranged in three lists:

I. LIST OF CHIEF TRADES REPRESENTED (see below).

II. SUMMARY OF PROCESSES USED (pp. 32-34). III. LIST OF ITEMS MADE—Manufactured Articles, Parts, etc. (PP- 35-38).

I. LIST OF CHIEF TRADES REPRESENTED

Aerpplane Manufacture

Ammunition Manufacture

Artillery Manufacture

Brick Making

Canvas Goods, Manufacture

Chemical Trades (Explosives)

Electrical Trades (including Telephone, Telegraph, and Wireless)

Engineering generally

Explosives, Manufacture

Instrument Making (Optical and Scientific)

Leather and Canvas Goods, Manufacture

Marine Engineering

Mechanical Engineering

Metal Trades

Optical Instrument Making

Rubber Manufacture

Scientific Instrument Making

Shipbuilding Soap Manufacture Wood Working

31 Munitions Work

II. SUMMARY OF PROCESSES

Acetylene Welding—aero engine parts, brass tubes Core Making (foundry)—brass, copper, iron of 1 8 gauge, etc. Countersinking—holes in ships' plates, etc. Angle-Iron Smith's work (as helpers and back Crane Driving—electric overhead travelling cranes banders)—shipbuilding Crucible Making—clay, for foundries Armature Winding— small coils Cutting—carbons (electric) to length; condenser Assembling aero droppers, cages for ball- — bomb tubes; files (by hand and by machine); flue holes bearings, countershafts, electric fittings, motors in boiler end plates, gears, bevel, helical, and spur; (small), switches, fuse adapters, gear parts, etc. keyways (on slotting machine); machine tools; turbine segments; wire for darts; etc. Banding pressing and turning copper bands on shells — Cutting—oxy-acetylene process Beading—sheet metal, etc. Bench Work (fitting)—assembling, filing, fitting, Dial Writing—boiler and engine fittings, pressure marking-off, scraping gauges, etc. Bending —aero engine parts, pressure gauges, tubes, Dipping (nitrating)—cotton for explosives etc. Dipping (plating)—electric apparatus, etc. Blading turbine rotors and stators, threading blades — Dividing—clinometers, compass dials, etc. Blending—explosives Doping—aero wing covers Blocking mirrors (prisms optical munitions) — — Dovetailing—woodwork, ammunition boxes, etc. Boiling—cotton for explosives Drawing—wire Bolt Making—on automatic machines Dressing—castings (foundry work) Boring castings, forgings, howitzer bombs, lathe — Drilling— aero parts, bearings, boiler end plates, spindles, turbine segments, wheel blanks, etc. boiler flues, boiler shells, bombs (howitzer), Braiding— wire brackets (cast iron), breech mechanisms, clocks for scientific instruments, horseshoes, turbine Branding—files segments, etc. Brass Casting Drilling— multiple spindle machine Brass Finishing Drilling—slot drilling (slotting machine) Brazier's Work—as Plumbers' and Coppersmiths' Drying cotton (raw helpers — or nitrated) for explosives, etc. Dry Soap Making Brazing—turbine blades Briquette Making—coal (small) Edging—glass (lenses), sheet metal Broaching—to limit of '0005 Enamelling parts (electrical apparatus, instruments, Bronzing —parts of electrical apparatus and scientific etc.) instruments Engraving—dials (boiler and engine fittings, pressure cases, etc. Buffing (metal)—cartridge gauges, etc.), scientific instruments, etc. Buffing (rubber)—vulcanized rubber sword handles, Explosives (processes generally) —blending cubes, etc. boiling cotton, centrifugalling, charging retorts, cutting sheets into cubes, dipping, drying, firing Cable Covering and Insulating—electric, tele- retorts, grinding, incorporating, mixing, nitration, graph, and telephone pressing, reeling cordite, rolling paste into sheets, sifting, sulphuration, etc. Casing—rubber tyres Casting—brass (foundry work) Facing—bolt holes, nuts, pipe flanges, etc. Casting—shrapnel bullets, etc. Ferruling—condensers and oil coolers Caulking—turbine segments, etc. Fettling—bearings, small parts, etc. Cementing—lenses (optical munitions) Filing—aero engine parts, aluminium packing for (optical munitions) Centring— lenses rotors (turbine), armature cores, brass wedges Chamfering—lenses (optical munitions) for rotors (turbine), gear parts, wheel blanks for Chamfering—woodwork, ammunition boxes hardening, etc. Filling Ammunition bombs (explosive, gas, or Charging—nitric acid retorts (explosives) — smoke), cartridges, shells (H.E., shrapnel, or star), Classifying bolts (shipbuilding, etc.) — and explosives generally Coiling steel strips for cartridges, wire (electric) — Filling In and Marking—indicator plates with wax; Colouring—patterns (wood) wood patterns, etc.

32 SUMMARY OF PROCESSES Munitions Work

Firing—nitric acid retorts (explosives) Marking Off—bench work, fitting Fitting (bench work)—aero bomb-droppers, clips, Marking Out—casting, etc., on surface table countershafts, machine-gun parts, slide rests, etc. Micrometer Work Flaking—picric acid (explosives) Milling—cross, slot, spiral, and vertical pipes, Flanging— sheet metal, tin work, etc. ,, aero engine parts, cutters (teeth in), machine Flatting—motor cycle parts guns (cross milling), square turrets for lathes, taps, turbine blades, segments, etc. Fluting—aero-engine parts, taps, etc. Mixing— explosives Folding—sheet metal Moulding (metal)—foundry work, shrapnel bullets Foundry Work (brass, copper, iron)—clay work „ rubber (crucibles), core making, dressing castings, moulding, tub work NiCKELLiNG parts French Polishing Nitrating (dipping)- explosives

Galletting—ore (putting up in hand briquettes) Operating Machines—automatic machines, band Galvanizing—small parts, etc. saws, bolt centring machines, cable insulating Gauging—fuses, shrapnel bullets, small parts, etc. machines, cranes (electric overhead travelling), Glueing—woodwork, ammunition boxes, etc. dovetailing machines, drills (multiple, spindle, and sensitive), engraving machines, grinding machines Grinding—ball races, bearings, files, glass (for engine (Churchill cylindrical grinder), joggling machine fittings, pressure gauges, optical instruments), (shipbuilding), lathes (capstan, centre, chuck, liners, machine tools (milling cutters, twist drills, turret, etc.), milling machines (cross, slotting, valve seating cutters), nuts (faces of lock nuts), spiral, vertical), reamering machines (special), tools (saws, small tools, etc.) screwing machines, studding machines, tapping Grinding (interior)—friction rings machines, etc. „ (to size)—to ^ thousandth of inch, pins for Oxy-a'cetylene cutting and wplding registering lathe turrets — OXYDISING Grinding and Mixing— explosives

Guillotining sheet metal, tin work, etc. — Packing—generally Painting—generally Hammer Driving —power Papering—ammunition boxes, dynamometer bars, etc. Hand Stitching—canvas haversacks, etc. Pelleting—picric acid (explosives) Hardening—saws, etc. Photography—photo plan work Heating—rivets (shipbuilding) Picking— cotton for explosives Heat Testing—explosives Planing (machine) general light work, plate edges Holders-UP—shipwork — (ship's plates) Plate Bending (machine)—ship's plates Incorporating and Mixing—explosives Plating as platers' helpers (shipbuilding) Inspecting (generally) parts and finished articles — — „ (electro plating)—electric apparatus, fuses, Insulating—cable (by machine) instruments Polishing (glass)—lenses (optical munitions) Japanning—tin work „ (metal) — electric apparatus, fuses, instru- Jointing—making metal joints, soldering, welding, etc. ments, etc. (wood) see French Polishing „ making rubber joints for ships' pipes „ — Joggling—assisting at Joggling machine on small Pressing (metal) —seams (tin work), sheet metal, plates (shipbuilding) shrapnel bullets „ explosives

Labouring Work—bagging slag, harrowing, carrying, Press Stamping— brass, tin work, etc. cleaning (shops and machinery), clearing up, Profiling—machine guns red leading, chipping (shipyards), cutting soap, Pulping— cotton for explosives driving horses, loading, packing, shovelling (cinders, coke, loam, etc.), sorting (scrap, etc.) stable work, teeming horses, trucking, washing Red Leading (carboys, etc.), wheeling, weighing, etc. Reamering—(special machine) Recessing—ends of Lincoln pins (chains) Lacquering brass parts, fuses, radiator tubes, scien- — Re-forming (hydraulic)—cartridge cases tific instruments, etc. Riveting—base plugs for shrapnel; boiler flues (operating portable hydraulic rivetter) Machine Tool Making—various automatic and semi- Rolling carbons (electric), sheet metal automatic processes (boring, cutting, drilling, — milling, slotting, turning, assembling, fitting, etc.) Rolling Out—dents in cartridge cases Machining (engineering)—generally Rope Making—hemp core for wire rope; wire rope „ (sewing)—aero wing covers, canvas, leather Roughing—lenses (optical munitions) equipment, etc. Rubber Work—electric cables covering, and insulat- Marine Engineering—various processes ing; tyres, casing; sword handles (vulcanized Marking—dials and gauges (pressure, etc.) on card rubber), buffing, rubbing, shellacing, polishing, or metal solution work on aeroplane wings

33 Munitions Work SUMMARY OF PROCESSES

Sand Blasting (cleaning)—motor cycle parts, etc. Tempering—saws, tools, wire Sandpapering—wood patterns, etc. Testing—bandoliers, boiler tubes, bombs, condenser Scoring—brass parts for pressure gauges, etc. tubes, electric apparatus, instruments (scientific), mirrors (optical munitions), etc. Scouring—for electro-plating Testing heat tests for explosives, laboratory tests Scraping (bench work) gear castings, slide rests, etc. — — for explosives „ (for enamelling)—motor parts, etc. Tin Work tin plate making Screw Cutting—parallel threads to limits — „ flanging, guillotining, japanning, pressing, Screwing (machine) pipes, etc. — pressing seams, stamping „ (wood) —aeroplane parts, woodwork generally Tool Making (machine tools)—various automatic and semi-automatic processes, cutting, drilling, Seaming—sheet metal turning, etc. Shanking—lenses (optical munitions) Tool Making (small tools)—various automatic and Shaping—carbons (electric) semi-automatic processes, grinding, sharpening, parts, pressure gauges, etc. „ metal; gear etc. Shellacing—vulcanized rubber sword handles Trimming—armature cores, cores (foundry), soldered Sharpening—band saws, saws, taps, etc. and welded joints, steel strips for cartridges Sherardizing Turning—ball races (bearings), bar brass, boiler end Shipbuilding—various machining processes, and plates, boiler flue flanges, bombs (howitzer), cart- labourers' work ridge cases, cast iron sleeves, conveyer chain links, "former" handles for machine tools, machine Sifting— explosives tool parts, motor parts, piston rings (aero engines), (optical Silvering—mirrors munitions) rod ends, shafts, spindles, studs, taps, etc. Sizing—aero wing covers Twisting—electrical wire for fuses and detonators „ cartridge cases, fuses, etc. Slitting— glass (optical munitions) Slot Drilling—general Upholstery—shipbuilding Slot Milling—general Small Tool Making—various automatic and semi- Varnishing—aero wing covers, bombs, wood patterns, automatic processes, grinding, sharpening, etc. etc. Smoothing (glass)—lenses Viewing—generally, parts and manufactured items „ (wood) —dynamometer bars, etc. Softening—cartridge cases Soldering—as Plumbers' or Coppersmiths' labourers Wa shing—explosives acetylene lamps, fuse boxes (tin), respir- „ Weaving—wire for submarine nets ators, etc. Welding—acetylene welding Solution Work—on aero wing covers ,, general light welding on marine engineering Sorting—balls (for bearings), bolts, rivets, rollers work, trench bombs 9 inch (for bearings) Welding—spot welding projections on core plates Spinning—tin work Wheel Building (fixing spokes)—for motor cycles Splicing (wire)—assisting in rigging aero wings Winding—armatures (up to 100 h.p.), coils, electric Spot-Welding projections on core plates — motors (alternate and direct current), rotors, stators Staining—wood patterns, etc. Wire—braiding, cutting for darts, stranding, temper- brass, tin, etc. Stamping—armature cores, ing, twisting for electric fuses, detonators, etc., Stencilling—boxes, etc. weaving for submarine nets Stitching (hand)—haversacks (canvas), etc. Wire Drawing (machine)—aero wing covers, leather and „ Wire Rope Making—hemp core making and wire canvas equipment rope making Storekeeping—tool stores, etc. Wiring—(electrical) lighting, power, telegraph, tele- Straightening— files, shafts, spindles, etc. phone, and wireless (radio-telegraph) apparatus Stranding— wire and installations, general ship work Studding—tyres (rubber) Wiring (fastening)—assisting in rigging aero wings, SuLPHONATiON— for picric acid (explosives) fastening turbine blades Wood Work (generally)—boring, chamfering, countersinking, cutting, dovetailing, drilling, french polish- for rivets, nuts, tube plates, etc. Tapping—^fuses, holes ing, glueing, painting, papering, recessing, rubbing, Teasing—cotton for explosives screwing, stencilling.

34 :

Munitions Work

III. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES, PARTS, ETC.

AcETYLENB Lamps—Soldering, riveting, and painting Ammunition Carriers—canvas for 4.5 in., stitching AEROPLANES: and making Engines: Armatures, see Electric Motors and Apparatus for aeroplanes, milling, drilling, Machining parts ARTILLERY, etc. filing, turning taps, and simple fitting fluting, Breech Mechanism—all fitting on breeches of of in. Light Wood and Metal Work : 3 in. submarine gun, breech rings, etc., 6 Building, making and finishing ribs, spars, and guns, etc. small parts Gun Sights—for 4 in., 6 in., and 8 in. howitzers, French polishing and 3 and 6 pounder naval guns Wood screwing Machine Guns machining parts, cross-milling, Acetylene welding — profiling and bench work on less intricate fitting Marking gauges on cards and metal operations Cleaning, bending, and enamelling metal fittings Filling in and marking indicator plates with wax Asbestos Washers—for boiler fittings* Simple fitting and assembling Inspection Bags (forage)—canvas, stitching, and making Wing Covers: Ball Bearings, see Bearings Machining, stitching, doping, sizing, varnishing, Bands (brass) —marine, polishing and turning putting covers on wings, stretching and fixing fabric, solution work Bandoliers—filling and testing Assisting in the rigging department on wire Bars (marine)—turning splicing Base Plugs, Shrapnel, see Ammunition AMMUNITION, see also EXPLOSIVES: Bearings (ball and roller)—fettling, drilling, grinding, Adapters (fuse)—machinery assembling, packing sorting, turning, assembling, and viewing Base Plugs—for shrapnel, riveting, inspecting Belts (leather and canvas equipment)—stitching and Bombs— 2 and 3 in., core making, boring, drilling, making turning Bevel Gears (machine tools)—cutting of „ 9 in., welding Boilers (marine)—shell and flue drilling , cleaning, varnishing, painting, testing, inspecting Boiler End Plates (marine)—turning and drilling Bullets (shrapnel)—moulding, casting, washing, Boiler Flues (marine)—cutting, drilling, riveting, pressing, gauging, viewing turning Cartridges (.303)—all processes Boiler Tubes (marine)—preparation and testing of (blasting), making and packing „ Boiler Tube Plates (marine)—tapping „ filling bandoliers with Boiler and Engine Fittings—dial writing, making „ filling chargers with pressure gauges, asbestos washers, etc. „ grummets in connection with cartridge manufacture Bolts—bolt making on automatic machines „ steel strips for trimming, coiling, and „ bolt making on turret and capstan lathes packing „ (marine)—centring and facing (ships) sorting, classifying, re-screwing, and Cartridge Cases—turning, buffing, gauging, „ — rolling out dents, sizing, tapping, softening, cleaning and reforming (hydraulic process) Bolt Holes (marine) —facing Detonators— twisting wire for electrical fuses Bombs, see Ammunition detonators and Boxes, Ammunition, see Woodwork Fuses—machining, sizing, tapping, lacquering, Boxes, Hand Grenade, see Woodwork gauging, electro-plating, and polishing Brasses for lathes (machine tools), milling „ electrical, twisting wire for — Brass Bands (marine) polishing and turning Gaines—all operations in manufacture, assem- — bling, and packing Breech Mechanism, see Artillery

Grenades (hand)—all operations in manufacture, Bullets, see Ammunition assembling, examining, filling, and packing

Shells—shrapnel, 3 in., all operations. H.E. Cables (telegraph and telephone)—wiring and fitting shells, all machine operations on all sizes up Cages (for ball bearings)—assembling to and including 9.2 in. (in some cases with Cans (oil and motor spirit) stamping and cleaning assistance of special tackle for lifting 6 in., 8 in., — and 9.2 in., in other cases with one labourer to Carbons (electric torches)—rolling, shaping, and cut- five or ten women to do the lifting. Copper ting banding, riveting base-plugs, inspecting shell „ (telephone batteries)—rolling, shaping, and cases, and containers manufacture of cutting

Ammunition Boxes, see Woodwork Carts (water)—brass pumps for, turning and painting

35 ;

Munitions Work MANUFACTURED ARTICLES, PARTS, ETC.

Cartridges and Cartridge Cases, see Ammunition EXPl^OSIYES—eonftnued Castings (brass) —core making, fettling, cleaning, Gun Cotton— same processes as Collodion fitting, machining, stamping, and lac- Cotton and also dipping for nitration quering Nitric Acid—charging and firing retorts (marine) boring, marking, dressing „ — Phenol—synthetic production from benzol Chains (conveyer) turning links and recessing ends — Picric Acid— sulphonation and nitration of of Lincoln pins phenol, washing, whizzing, working up of crust, Clocks (for scientific instruments) —drilling, polishing, drying, sifting, and packing of picric acid lacquering, assembling, and fitting T.N.T.—nitration, washing, pelletting, drying, Coils—electric rotor and stator winding flaking, and packing Conveyer Chains—turning parts of links Miscellaneous Work—routine tests in labora- tories, heat tests, Cores—for brass casting, filing, and trimming miscrometer work, making „ in foundry wooden cases, filling tins and cases, nailing or „ for armatures, stamping screwing down cases, stencilling, washing, filling, sealing, weighing, and loading carboys, Countershafts (machine tools)—fitting and assem- transport work, including teeming horses bling Covers (for aeroplane wings)—machining, stitching, doping, sizing, and varnishing Files—cutting, branding, straightening, dry grinding, viewing, and packing Crucibles—clay work in the making of Flanges (marine)—facing Cutters—milling teeth in (machine tools) Flues (marine)—drilling, riveting, and turning Forage Bags (canvas) stitching and making Dials (engine fittings and pressure gauges)—writing — and marking Forgings (marine)—boring holes in Dynamometer Bars—papering and smoothing Forms (wooden)—training, screwing, assembling, and finishing ELECTRIC APPARATUS, MOTORS, ETC.: Fracture Boards—boring Ammeters—making Fret Saws— hardening and tempering Armatures—stamping and winding Friction Rings (machine tools)— internal grinding Batteries (telephone)—finishing and packing Fuses and Fuse Adapters, see Ammunition „ (motor cycle)—polishing and packing (brass) filing assembling Brush Rockers — and Gaines, see Ammunition Cable covering Gauges (Pressure) —manufacture of Cable insulating Gears (bevel)—helical and spur (machine tools), cut- Carbons—rolling, shaping, and fitting ting of Coil—rotor and stator winding Gear Cases (for motor cycles)—assembling, finishing, and packing Fuses—electrical wire for Glass Slitting, see Optical Munitions Gear—filling and assembling Gratings (ships) making of Generators—filing and trimming cores — Meter—shop work Grenades, see Ammunition Grummets (for cartridge making) see Ammunition Motors (alternate and direct current)—forming — and winding Gun Sights, see Artillery Painting—motor parts Plating and Dipping Handles ("former") for machine tools—turning Test Room Work „ (for motor cycles) —scouring, scraping, enam- Torches (electric)—cutting carbons for elling, polishing, inspecting, and packing Transformers—manufacture of „ for swords (vulcanized rubber)— buffing, rubbing, shellacing, and polishing Switches (electric)—assembling Harness (cavalry and gun teams) —manufacture of Switch Gear—polishing Haversacks (canvas)—hand stitching of Voltmeters—making of Helical Gears (machine tools)—cutting Wire (electrical) —for fuses Hemp core for wire rope Engine Fittings, see Boiler Fittings — EXPLOSIVES: Hinges (doors and scuttles, ship)—fitting and machining Abelite— drying, grinding, mixing, cartridging, packing Horse Shoes—drilling Ballistite—mixing, pressing, and sifting of paste drying, incorporating, rolling into sheets, cutting Instruments, see Scientific Instruments, and Op- into cubes; sifting, drying, and packing cubes tical munitions Collodion Cotton—picking, teasing, drying raw cotton, boiling pulping, centrifugalling, pressing Kit (leather and canvas)—manufacture of and drying nitrated cotton Cordite—mixing and sifting for paste; pressing Ladders (ship)— making of into cords and strands; blending, reeling, drying, and packing Lamps (acetylene)—soldering, riveting, and painting

36 MANUFACTURED ARTICLES, PARTS, ETC. Munitions Work

Leather and Canvas Goods—manufacture of equip- MOTOR CYCLES AND ACCESSORIES: ment (belts, pouches, harness, etc.) for cavalry Batteries—finishing, inspecting, and packing and gun teams. Handstitching haversacks and Gear Cases—assembling 4.5 ammunition carriers Handles scouring, scraping, enamelling, polish- Lenses, see Optical Munitions — ing, inspecting, and packing Lincoln Pins (for conveyer chains) —recessing ends of Mud-guards—enamelling, polishing, screwing, LiNBRS (marine)—grinding inspecting, and packing Shafts—straightening of Machine Guns, see Artillery Wheel—building of (fixing spokes) MACHINE TOOLS: Motor Spirit Cans— stamping seals for Brackets (cast iron)—drilling Mud-guards—enamelling, polishing, screwing, in- Countershafts—fitting and assembling of specting, packing Cutters—milling teeth in Munitions Cases—see Woodwork Friction Rings—internal grinding of Netting-wire (submarine) weaving of Gears (bevel)—spur and helical, turning, cutting, — and shaping of Nuts, Bolts, and Washers— manufacture of on capstan or turret machine. Also (marine) cen- Lathes (turret)—cutting bars for tring, tapping, facing, cleaning, re-screwing, „ (brass)—milling classifying, and sorting Nuts—grinding of

Pulleys—turning on 1 5 in. centre chucking lathe Oil Cans—press stamping Rings (friction)—internal grinding of OPTICAL MUNITIONS: Shafts—turning and milling of Glass—slitting Sleeves—turning Lenses—roughing, smoothing, polishing, edging, Side Rests—fitting • shanking, chamfering, cementing, and centring Spindles—boring Prisms—blocking, testing, silvering, mirrors Turrets (square)—milling Wheel Blanks—boring Patterns, wood (ships)— filling, colouring, varnishing, MARINE ENGINEERING: and sand-papering Bands (brass)—polishing Pipes (marine)—facing of (ship) making rubber joints for Band Saw—sharpening „ — Plates (marine)—turning, planing, drilling, tapping, Bars—turning spot-welding Boilers—shell and flue drilling Pouches (leather and canvas)—manufacture of Boiler End Plates—turning and drilling Pressure Gauges—manufacture of Boiler Flues—cutting, drilling, riveting, turning Prisms, see Optical Munitions Boiler Tubes—preparation and testing of Pulleys (machine tools)—turning Boiler Tube Plates—tapping Pumps (brass)—for water carts Bolts centring and facing — „ (motor cycle) —polishing, drilling, packing Bolt Holes—facing Castings—boring, marking, and dressing Races (for ball bearings)—turning and grinding Core—making Raii^ (ships)—fitting and machining Flanges—facing up to a plate Respirators—making and soldering Flues—drilling, riveting, and turning Ribs (aeroplane)—making and finishing Forcings—boring holes in Rings, friction (machine tools)—grinding Liners—grinding of Rivets (ship)—sorting and heating Nuts—centring, tapping, facing, cleaning, re- Rods (marine)—turning and cutting screwing, classifying, and sorting Roller Bearings, see Bearings Pipes facing of — Ropes—making hemp core for wire ropes Plates—turning, planing, drilling, tapping, spot- „ making steel wire ropes welding RUBBER: Rods—turning and cutting Studs (tyre)—manufacture of Spindles turning of — Sword Handles (vulcanized rubber)— buffing, Studs—turning of rubbing, shellacing, and polishing Tube—bending, cutting, welding, testing Tyres—studding and casing Turbines—machining, etc., blading, caulking, Rubber Joints—for pipes (ship) wiring Mess Tins pressing and cleaning — Scientific Instruments—drilling, polishing, lacquer- Mica—cutting ing, assembling, and fitting clocks for, coil winding and engraving. Mirrors—blocking, testing, and silvering Motors, see Aeroplane Engines, Electric Seaplanes, see Aeroplanes Motors, and Motor Cycles Shafts (machine tools)—turning and milling

37 :

Munitions Work MANUFACTURED ARTICLES, PARTS, ETC.

Shells, Shell Cases, etc., see Ammunition Tube Plates, Boiler (marine) — tapping Sleeves (machine tools)—turning Tubes (brass) —press and capstan hands on acetylene welding of i8 gauge Slide Rests (machine tools)—scraping and fitting „ Turbine Blades drilling, milling, boring, Spars (aeroplane) —finishing — cutting, wiring, and brazing Spindles (machine tools)—boring Turbine Rotors—blading Spokes (motor cycle) fixing of (wheel building) — „ Stators— blading Spur Gears (machine tools)—cutting of Turrets for lathes (machine tools)—turning and Stancheons (ship)— fitting and machining milling Stays (ship)— fitting and machining of Tyres, see Rubber Studs (marine)—turning of „ (tyre) —manufacture of Vices (saddle tree)—all operations except assembling Switches (electric)—assembling Voltmeter—making of Switch Gear—polishing Vulcanized Rubber Sword Handles—buffing, rub- Sword Handles (vulcanite rubber) —buffing, rubbing, bing, shellacing, and polishing of shellacing, and polishing of Washers (asbestos)—for boiler fittings, pressure gauges filing, and sharpening Taps—milling, turning, „ (metal)—making of Telegraph Switch-gear—wiring and fitting. See Water Carts (army)—brass pumps for also Wireless Telegraph Apparatus Wheel Blanks (machine tools) — turning and boring Telephones (carbons for)—rolling, shaping, and Wheels (motor cycle) —building of cutting Wing Covers (aeroplane)—machining, stitching, dop- „ (switch gear)—polishing ing, sizing, and varnishing „ wiring and fitting of TIN WORK: Wire—electrical Tin Plate manufacture Wire and Wire Rope—making of, braiding, strand- drawing Press Work, japanning, etc. ing, cutting, tempering, (submarines)— weaving of, twisting for Pressing seams on mess tins Wire-netting fuses and detonators Press stamping oil cans, seals for motor spirit cans Wireless Telegraph Apparatus—lacquering, polishing, staining, plating, dipping, engraving, and Making, soldering, tin boxes for grenade fuses assembling MAKING: TOOL Wire—winding Grinding saws, milling machine cutters, and other tools WOODWORK Aeroplanes— ribs, spars, etc. Grinding twist drills to size Boxes (hand grenade) — all processes Milling teeth in side and face cutter „ (i8-pr. ammunition)— all processes sharpening taps Milling, fluting, turning, and „ (spare part and tool)—for Vickers' guns Producing double-angled cutters Cases (for explosives)—making, painting, sten- Turning " former " handles for machine tools cilhng, etc. Slot Milling (special machine) on shell boring Dynamometer Bars lathes Forms (soldiers' collapsible)—training, screwing, Backing off lathes producing form cutters etc. Tools, see Machine Tool Making and Small Fracture Boards Tool Making Joinery (shipbuilding)—assisting at saw, etc. upholstery Torches (electric)—rolling, shaping, and cutting „ ,, carbons for Patterns— colouring, varnishing, sand-papering Transformers (electric) —manufacture of Shell Cases and Containers— manufacture of

38 PART II PHOTOGRAPHS OF WOMEN WORKERS

Illustrating the successful employment of Women

in temporary replacement of Men

INDEX OF PHOTOGRAPHS pages 40-41

PHOTOGRAPHS pages 42-77

39 D : : : : : :

INDEX OF PHOTOGRAPHS

Agriculture : Cooking

Carting turnips ... 44 Preparing dinners for soldiers ...... 73 Harrowing 42 Teaching soldiers use of travelling field

Harvesting "laid" wheat by machine 42 kitchens ...... 73

Harvesting, scything ... 44 Cycle delivery work (postmen) ...... 67 Horses, care of, stable work ... 43 Cycle repairing ...... 72 Potatoes, shovelling to sieving machine 45

Threshing, feeding machine ... 45 Delivery work:

Turnips, ... loading and caning 44 Cycle (postmen) ...... 67 Stable work 43 Horse van ...... 56

Motor van ...... Ammunition bo.xes—see Munitions 69

Dentistry, modelling artificial teeth in wax ... 65 Armature, working on 75 * Digging clay 74 Bakery work ...... 57 Dock labour Barrowing * Loading props into railway wagons ...... 46 Coke at gas works 48 * Unloading props from railway wagons ... 46 Coke into railway wagons 49 Flour in flour mill 77 Electric apparatus, working on an armature ... 75 Goods in railway goods yard and warehouse 68 Electric train cleaning ...... 50 Leather from dipping beds (tan yards) . 70 Engine cleaning (railway) ...... 51 Brewery work Engineering workshops and shell factories Barley room work 52 54, 55. 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 75 Washing out vats 53 * Labourers' work in ... 61, 62 Yard work, rolling barrels 52 See also Shipyards Butchers' work 56 * Enginemen's work (stoking furnaces) ...... 49

Carriage cleaning and washing (railways) 50, 51 * Gas workers, barrowing coke ...... 48, 49 repairing (railways) Carriage 68 Glass workers, carrying sheet glass ...... 74

Cartage Grocers' assistants ...... 57

Carting turnips ... 44 Horses, care of, driving, stable work, etc. 42, 43, 56 Delivery van work (horse van) 56 Ironworkers— see Engineering Workshops and „ „ „ (motor van) 69 Shipyards Loading cwt. coal bags to lorry 47 Stable work 43 Kitchen work— see Cooking Wagon washing 53 * Labourers' work 61, Clay digging 74 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 62, 68, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77 See also Agriculture

Cleaning work : Leather workers Carriages (railway) ...... 50, 51 * Barrowing from dipping beds 70 'Electric trains ...... ,. ... 50 Dipping in tan yards ... 70 Engines (railway) ...... 51 Oiling, hanging in drying sheds 71 Streets (road sweeping) ...... 67 Rolling by machinery ... 71 Wagons (cartage) ...... 53 Splitting by Windows (high ladders) 66 machinery 72

Local authorities, work for: Coal workers: Road sweeping ...... 67 Loading cwt. coal bags to lorry ...... 47 Steam roller driving 66 Weighing out coal from railway wagons into

cwt. bags ...... 47 Milling Trade, barrowing in flour mill 11

The photographs marked with an asterisk illustrate heavy physical work successfully performed by women. 40 INDEX OF PHOTOGRAPHS

PAGK Motor driving (delivery van) 69 [ Photo Tof'knl Press

Harrowing Wheat into the Ground

Taking charge of pair-horse harrow after three months' experience w»IH&i!§l«BP*9»iK?3iBi

Harvesting

of the season p'armer's daughter driving and cutting "laid" wheat, which work she carried out the whole 1915 42 [f'/idto A 'fieri

Care of Horses

The above is a general view of the Depot in which sixty horses are stabled and entirely looked after by women

Grooming and Cleaning Horses before Stabling them for the Night

The horses belong to a large London firm 43 o

n o

QJ ^

c y ^

^4 [I'hoto Alfieri Feeding the Threshinsf Machine

;-\vft

..:^<

• ^

.^*v.^XY-^ff<^ > 'SJ ^^^::v!.^

Shovelling Potatoes for the Sieving Machine

45 Women on Planks Loading Props into Trucks

This is work of a particularly heavy nature which women have successfully undertaken

Unloading from Trucks and Stacking Props

46 J ') .,-0

\t'!wtn 'I'of'ical Tress

Women as Coal Workers

Weighing out the coal from the railway trucks into cwt. bags

\Hltoto Topical Press Women as Coal Workers

Loading coal on to the lorry 47 [Photo Central Press Women Barrowing Coke into Railway Trucks

Riddling Cinders 18 [ Photo Central Press

Women Barmwinc: Coke at a Gas Works

[Photo i\ewspapey Photograph c Service

A Woman Stoker working at the Furnaces of a large factory in South London

Cleaning a Locomotive

Large numbers of women are thus employed

\_Fhoto Atfieri Women as Carriage Washers and Cleaners

5' [Photo Central Ne^vs Brewery Workers

Women workers rolling barrels in the brewery yard. They wear suitable costumes and are remarkably capable and energetic

[ I'fwto Central l^ews Brewery Workers

Barley room, women in the breweries 52 [Photo Central AVrcj Brewery Workers

Washing out a vat

** [Photo Alyieri Women Workers in a Railway Workshop

Copper Banding in the Shell Factory of one of the largo Railways

54 Women employed on Shell Work in a Railway Workshop

\Photo Topical Preis Shell Turning at the Works of one of the great Armament Firms

55 -a

Z> i!

bo "a

5 bo

56 [[Phoio PhoUpress Shop Management

Taking the place of grocer's assistants

{Photo L.N. A.

Women Bakers in London

Bakery work, although arduous, is being learnt by women in large numbers 57 o c IS o

«-» Piano Finishing, Tuning, and Toning

Boxing and Screw ing up of Ammunition Boxes

59 Papering and Chamfering Ammunition Boxes on Disc Papering Macliine

Women as Sheet Iron VVf)rkcrs Making Boiler Laggings

60 Women Transporting Refuse

•'e>».

:l/%Vv;

ii^Hfei

Women Transporting Radiators from Test Room to Machine Shop o a! Electric Spot Welding on Boiler Laggings

Drilling and Tapping Air Vent Tappings in Radiators Making Shells

Ranimint,' up risers on shell moulds in foundry

[Pholo Alfieri Women Mechanics

Delicate electric work is well done on the drilling machines in a railway workshop 64 \_riiolo 'J'opiiiil I'ress

Gauging Shells

Volunteers making shells at a large munition works. They have been met with every encouragement from the firm, who guarantee to turn them out efficient hands in three weeks

. --to sport and General Press Agency Dentists

Modelling artificial teeth in wax 65 O

t/)

66 » 9 a »

:" '.' >\ ;.. J

Women acting as Postmen

y^koto sport and General Fress Agency Women Roadsweepers

67 Women Porters in Railway Goods Yard

Loading lorries

- it 1 [Photn Tofical Pms Driving a Motor Van

{rKo:o rkotopress Women in Newspaper Offices

Girls pulling proofs and correcting type 69 Handling Leather in Tanyards

Leather dipping

Conveying Leather from Dipping Beds on Barrows

70 Rolling Leather by Machinery

Oiling and Hanging up Leather in Drying Sheds

71 [Photo Central Nejvs

Putting the finishing touches to a Motor Cycle

Splitting Leather 72 Preparation of Soldiers' Dinners

Instructing Recruits as to tlie use of the Travelling Field Kitchen

/o .• • •

-;^>- *^i:.r.>^

\_rhoto Daily Mirror Digging Clay

Glass Manufacture: Carrying a large Sheet of Glass

Women are now assisting in the manufacture of glass, and undertake many kinds of labour, even to working the overhead cranes 74 ••• i ' "•• I. "c • "• o*

Woodworking: Drilling Ammunition Boxes

[/'/„.',. Da^iy Working on an Armature 75 [Photo Cenffal .Vnvs

Heavy work in Shipyards: Handling long Steel Bars

[Photo Central Neivs

Work in Shipyards: Handling Rods and Pipes

76 '.I >: :.•',

i/'/toto Lcntral t\cws

Heavy work: Barrowing in Flour Mill

{Photo Central A'e^vs Shipyard: Working on a Piopeller

PART III

LISTS OF OFFICIALS whose assistance is available to Recruiting Officers,

Military Representatives, etc., in questions affecting the supply of Women Workers in replacement of men withdrawn by enlistment

H.M. INSPECTORS OF FACTORIES pages 81-82

• LABOUR EXCHANGES -,

\ pages 83-Qo and Local Agents with Labour Exchange Powers J

BOARD OF TRADE — WOMEN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZING OFFICERS pages 91-92 HONORARY SECRETARIES OF WOMEN'S COUNTY COMMITTEES FOR AGRICULTURE pages 93-94

HIS MAJESTY'S INSPECTORS OF FACTORIES

CHIEF INSPECTOR: Home Office, London, S.W. ^^,7^^^.

DIVISIONAL OFFICES

Divisional Office. Address. Telephone No.

South-Eastern Division ... Home Office, London, S.W Victoria 2774.

South-Western Division 25, Baldwin St., Bristol Bristol 539.

Midland Division 174, Corporation St., Birmingham Central 6776.

North-Eastern Division... 41, Park Square, Leeds Central 2508.

North-Western Division 72, Bridge St., Manchester City 3787.

Northern Division 74, York St., Glasgow Central 4820.

District Centre, Address, and Telephone No. District Centre, Address, and Telephone No.

South Eastern Division Midland Division

Divisional Office: Home Office, London, S.W. Divisional Office: 174, Corporation St., Birmingham Victoria 2774. Central 6776

I. South London \i4. New Kent Rd., London, 22. Birmingham, 174, Corporation Street, Birmingham. 2. South West London j S.E. Hop 3578. Central 6776. West London, 114, Cromwell Rd. S. Kensington, Coventry, Bayley Lane Chambers, Coventry. S.W. Kensington 4862. Worcester, 38, Foregate Street, Worcester. Wor- Hall, Gray's cester XT ..L 117 .. T J 1 Holborn Inn 478. ' North Western London ^ , ^ -,,, „ Wolverhampton "177, -T ^, T J f Road, London, vV.C. Darlington St., Wolverhamp- North London xt , ; Holborn 1104. 26. Walsall / ton. Wolverhampton 794. North Eastern London "1 'S^i Bishopsgate, London, 27. Stoke on-Trent, Town Hall Chambers, Wolfe St., East London / E.G. London Wall 6 10. Stoke-on-Trent. Potteries Central 1503. Kent, 14, New Kent Rd., London, S.E. Hop 3578. 28. Leicester, Victoria Parade, Gallowtree Gate, Lei- Reading, 63, Hamilton Rd., Reading. cester. Leicester 1300.

10. Northampton, 6, The Parade, Northampton. Nottingham, King John's Chambers, Bridlesmith Northampton 269. Gate, Nottingham. Nottingham 2215. 11. Norwich, 14, Rampant Horse Street, Norwich. Derby, Babington Bldgs., Derby. Derby 163. Norwich 1275. Lincoln, Monson Chambers, Corporation Street,

I a. Ipswich. Apply to Norwich. Lincoln. Lincoln 9. 32 Wrexham. Wrexham.

Southwestern Division

Divisional Office: 25, Baldwin Street, Bristol North Eastern Division Bristol 539 Divisional Office: 41, Park Square, Leeds Bristol, Baldwin St., Bristol. Bristol 13. 25, 539. Central 2508 14. Gloucester, 3, Market Parade, Gloucester. 15. Yeovil. Apply to Bristol. 33. Leeds, 41, Park Square, Leeds. Central 2508. 16. Southampton, 32, Above Bar, Southampton. 34. Hull, 37, Jameson St., Hull. Central 751. Southampton 1828. 35. Sheffield, Stirling Chambers, Campo Lane, Sheffield. 17. Plymouth, Lloyd's Bank Chambers, Bedford Street, Central 4104. Plymouth. Plymouth 1422. 36. Huddersfield, 19, Market St., Huddersfield. Hudr i8. Swansea, Savings Bank Chambers, Heathfield Street, dersfield 1058. Swansea. Central 973. 37. Halifax, Post Office Chambers, Halifax. Halifax 19. Cardiff, 9, Kingsway, Cardiff. Cardiff 5025. 951- 20. Dublin, 6, Grafton St., Dublin. Dublin 4257. 38. Bradford, 26, Bridge St., Bradford. Bradford 3969. SI. Cork. Cork. 39. Keighley, " Briar Bank," High Utley Keighley.

81 H.M. INSPECTORS OF FACTORIES

District Centre, Address, and Telephone No. District Centre, Address, and Telephone No.

North Eastern Division (continued). North Western Division (continued)

40. Newcastle, Prudential Bldgs., Mosley St., Newcastle- 50. Blackburn, Bank Chambers, Lord Street West, on-Tyne. City 33. Blackburn. Blackburn 1520. 41. Stockton, Victoria Bldgs., High St., Stockton-on- 51. Burnley, i. Red Lion St., Burnley. Burnley 927. Tees. Stockton 332. 52. Preston, 46, Miller Arcade, Preston. Preston n8i.

Northern Division

North Western Division Divisional Office: 74, York Street, Glasgow Central 4820 Divisional Office: 72, Bridge Street, Manchester Glasgow > York Street, Glasgow. City 3787 53. 74, Centra' 54. Lanarkshire / 4820. 42. Manchester > 55. Kilmarnock. Kilmarnock.

43. Stockport 56. Edinburgh, 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh

44. Oldham 72, Bridge St , Manchester. City 3787. Central 8235. 45. Bolton 57. Stirling, 21, Randolph Rd., Stirling.

46. Rochdale 58. Dundee, 7, Ward Rd., Dundee. Dundee 613. 47. Wigan, 122, Swinley Rd., Wigan. 59. Aberdeen, 207, Union St., Aberdeen. Aberdeer 48. Warrington, "Clooney," Higher Knutsford Road, 1244. Latchford, Warrington. 60. Inverness. Inverness.

49. Liverpool, St. Luke's Chambers, Bold Place, Liver- 61. Belfast, 124, Donegall St., Belfast. Belfast 3965. pool. Royal 3622. 62. Londonderry. Apply to Belfast.

S2 LABOUR EXCHANGES

LIST OF LABOUR EXCHANGES (including Local Agencies with Exchange Powers) ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY BY DIVISIONS

CENTRAL OFFICE : Board of Trade Employment Department, Queen Anne's Chambers, "Westminster, S.W.

Victoria 8018. Tel. Addresi: " Labez, London '

DIVISIONAL OFFICES

Divisional Office. Address. Telephone No.

London & South Eastern Martlett House, Bow St., W.C Regent 2125.

Southwestern Carlton House, Woodland Rd., Bristol ... Bristol 4517.

West Midlands Dalton House, Corporation St., Birm- Central 7076. ingham

Northern Old Royal Infirmary, Newcastle-on-Tyne City 1268.

Yorkshire & East Midlands South Parade, Doncaster Doncaster 411.

North Western (Lancashire and Empire Hall, Museum St., Warrington... Warrington 404. Cheshire)

Wales Law Courts, Cathay's Park, Cardiff Cardiff 3834.

Scotland Grassmarket, Edinburgh Central 9027,

Ireland Lord Edward St., Dublin Dublin 3700.

London and South Eastern Division

Divisional Ofifice: Martlett House, Bow Street, W.C. Regent 2125 Telegraphic Address: Divex, London

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No.

Acton, 217, High St. Chiswick 1466-7. Canning Town (Men), 11-13, Victoria Dock Road. East Southal!, H. G. Sansoni, 66-68, Western Road. 3706-7. Uxbridge, S. Norton, 46, New Windsor St. Uxbridge 69 Canning Town (Women & Juveniles), 171 Barking Road. Aldwych (Insured Men), 6, Catherine St., Strand. Regent East 3708. 2220-2. City (Men & Women), 9, New Bridge St. City 3485-6-7-8. Aldwych (Belgian), General Buildings^ Aldwych. City 5208. City (Juveniles), 5 Tudor St. City 4492. Bermondsev, 67, 69, & 71, Union Rd., Rotherhithe. Hop Clapham Junction, 79-85, St. John's Road, Battersea. 4874-5. Battersea, 1207-8-9-10.

Borough, 222-224, High St. Hop 4510-3. Clapham Junction (Women), 33-35, St. John's Hill, Bat- tersea. Battersea 249. Borough (Women & Juveniles), 107- 1 11, Newington Cause- way. Hop 4510-3. Croydon, 49, London Road. P.O. 582-4. Female Dept.:— P.O. 561. Brentford, 10, Stile Hall Parade, Chiswick. Chiswick Deptford, Deptford Bridge. 1690- 1. 9-15, New Cross 1500-2. Hounslow, N. L. Samuels, 54, Staines Rd. Earl's Court (Belgian Labour only), Central Hall, Earl's Richmond, Surrey, C. H. Major, Dome Bldgs., 5a, The Court. Western 655. Square. Richmond 1601. East Ham, High St. South, East Ham. East Ham 405. Staines, H. Gale, 39, Thames St. Staines ^>,. Edgware Road, 439-445, Edgware Rd., Paddington. Pad- Camberwell, 21 22, Camberwell Green. & Hop 4370-3. dington 6510-3.

CamberweLL (Women & Juveniles), 21 & Church St. 23, Enfield, 318-322, High St., Ponder's End. Enfield 435. Hop 4370-3. Finsbury, 207A-221, Pentonville Rd. North 3110-3. Camden Town, 59, 60, & 61, Park St. P.O. Hampste.id 6190-2. Great MARLBiiROUGH St. (Women & Juveniles), 60, Great Marlborough St., Finchley, F. E. Stratton, 2, Bank Chambers, The Broad- W. Regent 5200-4. way. Finchley 132 Hackney, 27 & 29 Well St., Hackney. Dalston 450-1-2.

NoTB. —Exchanges are shown in shall capitals. Local agencies, which are indented, follow the Exchanges to which they are attached. 83 LABOUR EXCHANGES

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No.

London & South Eastern Division {continued). London & South Eastern Division {continued).

Hackney (Women & Juveniles), 310-312, Mare St., Hack- Stratford, 393-7, High St., Stratford. Stratford 821-3. ney. Dalston 1000. Tooting, 220-226, Upper Tooting Rd., Tooting. Streatham HOLLOWAY, 284-8, HoUoway Rd. North 854-5. North 1838. 1202-3. Wimbledon, C. S. D'Alton, 179, Merlon Rd. Wimbledon Ilford, 65, High Rd., Ilford. Ilford 141. 1866. Romford, C. H. Thorpe, Victoria Chambers, Victoria Rd. Romford 159. Tottenham, 522-528, High Rd., Tottenham. Tottenham 2157-8. Lewisham, 263-7, High St., Lewisham. Lee Green 1520-2.

Walham Green, 2, 4, & 6, Jerdan Place, Walham Green. Pence (Temp. Regs. Room), 97, Anerley Rd. Sydenham Western 781-2-3. 102. Walthamstow & Leyton, 592-8, Lea Bridge Rd., Leyton. Poplar (Men only), Old Post Office, King Street, Poplar. Walthamstow 255-6. East 3896. Westminster, 99A-101, Horseferry Road, Westminster. Poplar (Juveniles), East India Dock. East 116. 52, Victoria 6273. Shepherd's Bush, 84-90, Uxbridge Road, Shepherd's Bush WiLLESDEN, Constitutional Hall, St. Mary's Rd., Harlesden. Green. Park 3120-3. Willesden 2225-6.

Shoreditch, 350-6, Old St. London Wall 4301-4. Wood Green (Men & Women), 274, High Road, Wood Stepney, 59-60, High St., Whitechapel. Avenue 7245-6. Green. Palmer's Green 709.

Stepney (Women and Juveniles), 6, The Minories, E. Woolwich, 8, 10, & 12A, New Rd., Woolwich. Woolwich Women's Dept. Av. 5729. Juvenile Dept. Av. 5730. 546.

South Eastern Division (excluding London)

Divisional Office: Martletf House, Bow Street, W.C. Regent 2125-33 Telegraphic Address: Divex, London

Bedford, 42a, Midland Rd., Bedford. Bedford 132. Hastings, 37, Havelock Rd. Hastings 927. Wolverton, H. J. Clarke, Maison Beige, Stratford Rd. Bexhill-on-Sea, A. E. Wood, 4, Windsor Rd. Bexhill 132.

Brighton, 43, London Rd. Brighton 513 P.O. Hove, 12, Goldstone Villas. Hove 2025. Horsham, G. W. Flint, 61, London Rd. Horsham 183. Ipswich, 86a, Princes St. Ipswich 824-5. Brighton (Women & Children), 93, London Rd. Brighton Bury St. Edmunds, A. E. Pearce, Hicks Hotel, Market 5823. Thoroughfare. Bury St. Edmunds 47.

Bromley, Old Fire Station, West St. Bromley 1624. King's Lynn, 21, New Conduit St. King's Lynn 123. F. Bray, i, Cambridge, 104, Regent St. Cambridge 864. Wisbech, W. Ely Place. Wisbech 147. Newmarket, A. Challis, Newmarket Co-operative Society, Kingston-on-Thames, 64-66, London Rd. Kingston P. O. Ltd., All Saints Rd. Newmarket 31. 1413 & 203. Canterbury, 5, Upper Bridge St. Canterbury 219. Letchworth, 14, Eastcheap. Letchworth 81. Chelmsford, 221, Moulsham St. Chelmsford 274. Hitchin, B. iJaker, Bancroft Post Office. Hitchin 120. Braintree, H. C. Brown, 61, High St. Braintree 89. Lowestoft, 10, Waveney Rd. Lowestoft 111. Colchester, 20, Queen St. Colchester 209. Harwich, F. J. Rose, 8, Church St. Harwich 34. Luton, 50-52, New Bedford Rd. Luton 401. Dunstable, C. A. Allcorn, 76, High St. Dunstable Dartford, 23a Lowfield St. Dartford 8. 41. Leighton Buzzard, F. C. Meeking, King Street. Leighton St. Dover, 4, King Dover 535. Buzzard 95.

Eastbourne, Livingstone House, 14, Seaside. Eastbourne Maidstone, 20, Broadway. Maidstone 422. 541. Margate, 9, Cecil Square. Margate 221. Erith, 88-90, High St. Erith 143. Norwich, Prince of Wales Rd. Folkestone, 32, Tontine St. Folkestone 525. Norwich 1122. Ashford, Kent, L. H. Lee, Wellesley Hall, Wellesley Rd. Thetford, I. B. Aspland, 34, Castle St. Thetford 42. Ashford 88. Oxford, 65 & 65a, St. Aldates Street. Oxford 615. Gravesend, 4, High St. Gravesend 78. Banbury, F. Anker, 52, Parsons St. Banbury 102.

Grays, 23, Clarence Rd. Tilbury 114. Ramsgate, 6, Turner St. Ramsgate 99.

Great Yarmouth, 20, King St. Yarmouth 459. Reading, 29-31, London St. Reading 912-3. High R. Child, Guildford, 20-21, North St. Guildford 291. Wycombe, J. Corporation Water Office, Easton St. High Wycombe Godalming, C. R. Moir, i, Brighton Rd. 90. Maidenhead, Gilroy, Haslemere, W. C. Jones, West St. Haslemere 91. W. J. 63, Queen St. Maidenhead 38. Newbury, J. Brondsdon, 18, Craven St. Newbury 145. Woking, G. F. J. Peters, Waring & Co., Surveyors. Slough, H. F. Elston, Central Woking 236. Chambers, High Street. Slough 54. Harrow-on-the-Hill, Comer of Station Rd. & Fairholme Wallingford, E. G. Heamess, 4, St. Mary's Street. Rd. Harrow 244. Windsor, P. H. Grove, 10, Clarence Rd. Windsor 386.

84 LABOUR EXCHANGES

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No.

South Eastern Division (excluding London) South Eastern Division (excluding London) {continued). (continued).

Redhill & Reigate, 55,Hatchland Rd., Redhill. Redhill 52. TuNBRiDGE Wells, 43, High Street. Tunbridge Wells 1030. Rochester & Chatham, 386-388, High Street, Rochester. Chatham 27a Watford, 64, Queen's Rd. Watford 477. Aylesbury, F. Samuels, Kingsbury Printing Works, St. Albans, 4-6, Verulam Rd. St. Albans 400. Kingsbury Square. Aylesbury Hertford, B. Ellingham, Church St. Hertford 142. 99. Chesham, F. E. Howard, 75, High St. High St. Sheerness 92. Sheerness, ioi & 103, Hemel Hempstead, F. Bonaker, i, Marlowes. Box-

Southend, 3, Electric Parade. Southend 521. moor 15. Sutton, 242, High St. Sutton 65. Worthing, 106, Chapel Rd. P. O. Worthing 422. Chichester, R. Ball, 17, North Pallant. Epsom, S. J. Flight, Church St., Leatherhead. Epsom 6?6.

South Western Division

Divisional Office: Carlton House, Woodland Road, Bristol. Bristol 4517

Telegraphic Address : Divex, Bristol

Aldershot, 79, High St. Aldershot 324. Portsmouth, 8-14, Lake Rd. Municipal 1484; P. O. 959. Camberley, R. King, " Willington," The Avenue. Cam- Petersfield, A. G. Lunt, 16, High St. Petersfield 17. berley 93y. Portsmouth (Women & Juveniles), 13, Hampshire Terrace. i, St. Farnham, Surrey, J. Matthews, South Municipal 1067 ; P. O. 959. Avonmouth, 20, Gloucester Rd. Avonmouth 49. Portsmouth (Coaling), 102-103, Queen St Municipal Boutport St. Barnstaple 167. Barnstaple, 24, 1484 ; P. O. 959. Laurels, Northfield Rd. Ilfracombe, J. D. Sommerwill, The Redruth, 12, Bond St. Redruth 59. Basingstoke, 2, Wilton Squar^. Basingstoke 83. Falmouth, W. J. Walton, Commercial Chambers, Arwe- Bath, Chandos Hall. Bath 725. nak St. Radstock, E. Wyatt, Hope House, The Street. Penzance, C. Ludlow, 77, Market Jew St. Penzance 75. St. Austell, H. Rowse, County Auction Chambers. St. Bournemouth, 20, Lansdowne Rd. Bournemouth 1761. Austell 83. Poole, T. Hitchcock, Twillingate, Wimborne Rd. Poole I02. Salisbury, 56, Catherine St. Salisbury 227. i. Station Rd. Swanage 12. Swanage, J. R. Senior, Andover, A. R. Goddard, 26, Bridge St. Andover 9. Wareham, R. H. Holland, South St. Salisbury (Women and Juveniles), 57, Catherine St. Bristol, 18-20, Victoria St. Bristol 3980-1. Southampton, 7 & 8, Canute Rd. Southampton 1674. Bristol (Juveniles), 6, Colston St. Bristol 4154. Eastleigh, W. J. Naylor, 16, Station Hill. Eastleigh 5. Bristol (Eastville), 394, Stapleton Rd., Eastville. Bristol Swindon, 17 & 17a, Regent Circus. Swindon 105. 4515- Cirencester, F. Harmer, Overseer's Office, Corn Hall BIdgs. Bristol (Kingswood), 22-24, Regent Street, Kingswood. Malmesbury, W. G. Perry, 36, King's Wall. Kingswood 80. Marlborough, D. G. Smart, 31, Kingsbury St

i, Portland St. Cheltenham 802. Cheltenham, Taunton, 45, Bridge St Taunton 221. COWES, 7, Birmingham Rd. Cowes 42. Bridgwater, C. Hoyal, 52, High St.

Devonport, 49, St. Aubyn Street. Devonport 335. Torquay, 27, Fleet St. Torquay 599. Newton Abbot, D. H. Tompkins, Devon Square. Exeter, 13 & 14, North St. Exeter 438. 42, Abbot 151. Exmouth, E. Morey, Post Office, 43, Exeter Rd. Newton Tiverton, Penny, Westexe Post Office, Paul Street. G. Trowbridge, 39, Roundstone St. Trowbridge 22. Tiverton 77. Chippenham, T. Hand, 2, The Causeway.

Gloucester, 9, Southgate St., The Cross. Gloucester 209. Devizes, W. H. Titcombe, 31, St. John Street. Dursley, E. C. Montgomery, Bristol House. Dursley 19. Frome, W. B. Kent, Public Offices. Frome 25. Glos., O. Pearce, Lansdown. Stroud 120. Stroud, J. 9, Weston-super-Mare (Regis. Room), 34b, Oxford Street. GOSPORT, Aubrey House, 12, High St. Gosport 122. Weston-super-Mare, 341. Road, Devonport. Keyham Kevham (Men), Ferry 392. Weymouth, 9, St. Thomas Street, Melcombe Regis. Wey- Plymouth, 14-16, Manor St. Plymouth 1190-1. mouth 292. Holsworthy, A. C. Vanstone, Station Rd. Dorchester, T. A. Pearce, 47, South St. Dorchester 9. Okehampton, S. A. Yeo, 3, West St. Winchester, 15, Southgate St Winchester 308. Plymouth (Women & Juveniles), 18, Princess Square. WoOLSTON, 61 & Victoria Rd. Southampton 1302. Plymouth 1190-1. 63, Portland (Regis. Room), 155, Fortuneswell. Portland 12. Yeovil, Glendhurst, Kingston. Yeovil 106.

85 LABOUR EXCHANGES

West Midlands Division

Divisional Office: Dalton House, 94, Corporation Street, Birmingham. Central 7076-9 Telegraphic Address: Homex, Birmingham

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No,

Aston, 10, Witton Lane. Birmingham East 256. Oldbury (Birmingham), 21, Birmingham Street, Oldbury. Oldbury BiLSTON, iia, Wellington Rd. Bilston 120. 195.

Old Hill (Staffs), Halesowen Rd. Cradley 106. Birmingham, 197-205, Corporation St. Central 6756-8. 287, Oswestry, 24, Oswald Rd. Oswestry 10. Birmingham, 85 & 86, Gt. Hampton Street. Central 5218. Redditch, 3, Alcester St. Redditch 81. Juveniles), 179-187, Corporation St. Birmingham (Women & Bromsgrove, H. Fryar, Church St. Bromsgrove 23.

Burslem (Staffs), 20 & 2oa, Market Place. Central 1108. Rugby, 15 & 17, Castle St. Rugby 196.

Burton-ON-Trent, 44, High St. Burton 447. Selly Oak (Birmingham), 177-181, High St., Selly Oak. Street. Swadlincote, J. F. Rowley, Post Office, 10, West Selly Oak 159. Swadlincote 212. Shrewsbury, 67, Mardol. Shrewsbury 275.

Cannock, Market Place. Cannock 50. Whitchurch, Salop, J. H. Simister, 7, St. Mary's Street.

Coventry, Duplex Works, Lower Ford Street. Coventry Smethwick (Staffs), 2 & 3, Rolfe St. Smethwick in. 1074-6. Sparkhill, 408 & 410, Stratford Rd. Birmingham Vic- Darlaston, 34, King St. Darlaston 85. toria 82.

Dudley, HoUoway Chambers, Priory St. Dudley 194. Stafford, 6 & 7, Market Square. Stafford 233. Uttoxeter, A. Cartwright, Carter St. Uttoxeter 9. Handsworth, 225-227, Soho Rd. Birmingham Northern 286. Stoke-on-Trent, Archer Works, Liverpool Rd., Stoke-on- Trent. Potteries Central 1330. Hanley, 13, Parliament Row, Hanley. Hanley Central 1426. Stourbridge, 176, High St. Stourbridge 64. Hereford Hereford, 7, Commercial St. 1365. Tipton, i, Horseley Heath. Tipton 88. Leominster, J. B. Dowding, 5, Com Square. Leominster i6x. Walsall, Midland Rd. Walsall 418.

Kidderminster, 114, Mill St. Kidderminster 154. Wednesbury, 48, Lower High St. Wednesbury 117. Bridgnorth, C. McMichael, 32, High St. Bridgnorth 60. West Bromwich, 20, Paradise St. West Bromwich 349.

Leamington, 15, Regent Grove. Leamington 439. Willenhall, 84, Stafford St. Willenhall 99. Stratford-on-Avon, W. E. Edwards, 37, Wood St. Wolverhampton, Royal London BIdgs., Lichfield St. Lkek, 61, Derby St., Leek. Leek 105. Wolverhampton 870.

Longton (Staffs), 73, Market Street, Longton, Staffs. Wolverhampton (Women & Girls), 49, Lichfield Street. Longton 335. Wolverhampton 870.

Newcastle-UNDER-Lyme, 74, PenkhuU St. Newcastle 258. Worcester, Pierpoint St. Worcester 347 Evesham, G. E. Nind, The Cottage. Nuneaton, 25 & 25a, Market Place. Nuneaton 51. Malvern, W. H. Morgan, Bank View.

Oakengates, 5 & 7, Market St. Oakengates 12. Pershore, L. E. Clayton, The Elms, Station Rd.

Yorkshire and East Midlands Division

Divisional Office: South Parade, Doncaster. Doncaster 411-8-3

Telegraphic Address : Divex, Doncaster

Armlky, 6, 8, & 10, Stocks Hill. Leeds (Central) 3714. Chesterfield, 40-42, Gluman Gate. Chesterfield 232.

Attercliffe, 51, Attercliffe Common, Sheffield. Atter- Coalville, Hotel St. Coalville 37. cliffe 118. Derby, Victoria Bldgs., London Rd. Derby 500-1. Barnsley, Gas Nook, Mayday Green. Barnsley 400. Belper, H. Hall, Claremont House, Green Lane. Matlock, H. P. Keetley, Post Office, Matlock Bank. Mat- Basford & BULWELL, 219 & 221, Vemon Rd., Basford. lock 84. Bulwell 109. Dewsbury, Old Post Office, Union St. Dewsbury 386. Batley, 27, Commercial St. Batley 296. St. Doncaster Boston, 20, West St. Boston 142. Doncaster, Trafford 376-7. South Elmsall, A. W. Fumie, Barnsley Rd. South Elm- Bradford, 26, Bridge St. Bradford 4472-3. sail 24.

Brighouse, 7, Bethel St. Brighouse 5. Gainsborough, i. Silver St. Gainsborough 38. Castleford, Armoury Hall, Bank St. Castleford 63. Pontefract, A. M. Storr, Baxtergate. Pontefract 53. Grantham, 40, Watergate. Grantham 95.

86 LABOUR EXCHANGES

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No.

Yorkshire & East Midlands Division {continued). Yorkshire & East Midlands Division {continued).

Grimsby, 174 & 176, Cleethorpe Rd. Grimsby 750. Northampton, 30 & 32, Mare Fair. Northampton 501-2.

Halifax, King Cross Street & Hopwood Lane. Halifax Nottingham, 6, Stanford St. Nottingham 4700-1. 1154-5. Otley, 19, Kirkgate. Otley 48-9. Harrogate, 34, Oxford St. Harrogate 866. Peterborough, Comer City Rd. & New Rd. Peter- Ripon, F. S. Gowland, 5, Finkle St. Ripon 23. borough 137. Hebden Bridge, 23, Market St. Hebden Bridge 79. Richmond (Yorks), Catterick Bridge. HUDDERSFIELD, John William St. Huddersfield 1400. ROTHERHAM, Old Post Office. Slaithwaite, E. Freeman, M.A., 22, Lewisham Road. Rotherham 501. Slaithwaite 80. Scarborough, Old Post Office, Huntries Row. Scar- borough 500. Hull, Prospect St. & Story St. Hull Central 2400. Beverley, VV. R. Hall, 51, Toll Gavel. Beverley 3y. Scunthorpe, 189 & 191, High St. Scunthorpe 81.

ILKF.STON (Derbyshire), Corner of Bath St., Station Rd. Selby, Old Post Office, Wide St. Selby 31. Ilkeston 125. Howden, L. Asquith, Gazette Office, Market Place. Howden 16. Keighley, 43-47, Church St. Keighley 565. Skipton, W. C. James, Friendly Societies Hall, Sheep Sheffield, Old Charity School, East Parade. Central Street. 4435-6.

Kettering, 8 & 8a, Market Place. Kettering 184. Shipley, 23 & 25, Otley Rd. Shipley 426.

Leeds, 4, 6, & 8, Meadow Lane. Leeds 3844. Sowerby Bridge, Central Bldgs., HoUings Mill Lane. Halifax 1292. Leeds (Women & Juveniles), 8 & 12, Great George St. Leeds 4062-3. Spen Valley, Frost Hill, Liversedge. Heckmondwike 146: Cleckheaton 215. Leicester, Albion St. Leicester 405-7. Hinckley, W. L. Foxon, 6a, Castle St. Stanningley, Pudsey, & Farsley, Old Town School, Town St. Stanningley 215. Lincoln, Grafton f'ouse, Newland. Lincoln 454. Sutton-1N-Ashfield, 51. Portland Square. Sutton-in- Long Eaton, 66, Derby Rd. Long Eaton iii. Ashfield 60. Loughborough, 37-38, Market Place. Loughborough Ripley, Derby, G. Whitcombe, Town Hall. Ripley 28. 655. Todmorden, 47 & 48, Rochdale Rd. Todmorden 128. Mansfield, Queen St. Mansfield 133. Wakefield, 122, Westgate. Wakefield 268. Mexborough, 'Oriental Chambers, Bank Street. Mex- borough 17. Wellingborough, 7, Midland Rd. Wellingborough 128. Rushden, H. O. Miller, 47, High St. Rushden 59. MORLEY, 88, Queen St. Morley 186. Worksop, 18, Bridge Place. Worksop 187. Newark, Market Place. Newark 108. 23, Retford, A. T. Winter, 3, Bridgegate. Retford 65.

Northallerton, High St. Northallerton 38. York, 33, Parliament St. York 716.

North Western Division

Divisional Office: Empire Hall, Museum Street, Warrington

Telegraphic Address : Divex, Warrington

AccRiNGTON, 17-21, Oak St. Accrington 2602. 300TLE, 246-8, Stanley Rd.

Altrincham, I, Manchester Rd., Broadheath. Altrincham Burnley (Men), Oddfellows Hall, Lindsay St. Burnley 687 860-1. Burnley (Women & Juveniles), 156-158, St. Jamet St Ashton-under-Lyne, 117, Stamford St. Ashton-under- Burnley 832. Lyne 580 & 710. Bury, 37a, Bolton St. Bury 556. Bacup, 16, Market St. Bacup 134. Chadderton (Oldham), 238-240, Middleton Rd., Oldham. Barrow-in-Furness, 200, Duke St. Barrow 566. Oldham 1279. Dalton in-Furness, R. Holt, 103. Market St. Dalton 26 Chester, 2a, 2b & 2c, George St. Chester 957-8. Millom, E. Griffin, 6, St. George's Rd.

Ulverston, J. Arden, 7, Union St. Ulverston 122. Chorlev, 8, Mealhouse Lane. Chorley 132.

Birkenhead (Men), 63, Argyle St. Birkenhead 1502. CoLNE, II & 13, Exchange St. Colne 224.

Birkenhead (Women & Juveniles), 61, Hamilton Square. Crewe, i & 2, Market Square. Crewe 39. Birkenhead 1501. Nantwitch, T. H. Alcock, 56, Acton View.

Blackburn, 100, looa, Darwen St. Blackburn 26. Darwen, 31-33, Bridge St. Darwen 310. Clitheroe, Hargreaves, Kirkmoor. Clitheroe J. 145. Denton, 86 & 88, Manchester Rd. Denton 6.

Blackpool, Old Post Office. Blackpool 274. Earlestown, 1 9 & 1, Bridge St. Newton-le-Witlows 4, Bolton (Men), Bowkers Row. Bolton 241. 5, Eccles, 65-67, Liverpool Rd. Eccles 155. Bolton (Women), 1-3, Lane. Bolton Chancery 1293. Ellesmere Port, Queen St. Ellesmere 63.

87 LABOUR EXCHANGES

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No.

North Western Division {continued). North Western Division {continued).

FarnWORTH, 151, Market St. Famworth 37. Nelson, 71, Manchester Rd. Nelson 335.

Garston, 95, St. Mary's Rd. Garston 329. New Mills, 21, High St New Mills 58. Glossop, High St. Glossop 83. Newton Heath, 780-782, Oldham Rd. Failsworth 56 & 97- Gorton (Manchester), Davies St., Openshaw. Openshaw 351-2- Northwich, Witton Lane. North wich 159.

Haslingden (Manchester), York House, Dearden Gate. Oldham, 47-49 Mumps. Oldham 1 144. Haslingden 86. Pendleburv (Manchester), 555, Bolton Rd. Pendleton Heywood, 13, York St. Heywood 98. 730. HOLLINWOOD (Oldham), 612, Manchester Rd. Oldham Preston, 148, Friargate. Preston 1035. 1276 Failsworth 323. & R.\DCLIFFE (Manchester), 3, Sion St. Radcliffe 83. Winter Hey Lane. Horwich HORWICH, 74, 39. Rawtenstall, 18, Haslingden Rd. Rawtenstall 84. Hyde, 45, Market St. Hyde 140. (Lanes.), Reddish 26, Broadstone Rd. Heaton Moor 175 ; Lancaster, 15 & 16, Dalton Square. Lancaster 548. Stockport 575. A. Gorton, Pedder St. Morecambe, W. 25, Rochdale, 132, Drake St., and 2 & 2a, Moor St. Rochdale Leigh, Old Town Hall. Leigh 209. 61 & 62. Levenshulme, 245, Stockport Rd. Heaton Moor 161. Royton (Oldham), 13, Market St. Oldham 1278.

Liverpool, 79a, St. Anne's Street. Royal 5205. St. Helens, 59, Church St. St. Helens 366. Ashton-in-Makerfield, H. Gee, 37, Low Bank Rd. Liverpool (Women and Girls), 2, 4 & 6, Upper Newington. Royal 4700. Salford, 17, The Crescent. Central 4569-71.

Liverpool (Cotton Exchange), 59-67, Oldhall St. Liver- Shaw (Lancs.X 78 Market St. Shaw 104. pool Cent. 7650. Southport, 54, Eastbank St. Southport 37. Liverpool Docks Clearing Houses. Georges Dock Ormskirk, A. W. Whiteman, 26, Chapel St. Passage. Central 5415. Stalybridge, 78, Market St Ashton 643.

Macclesfield, 17, Chestergate. Macclesfield 98. Stockport, 4, Tiviotdale. Stockport joi. Congleton, T. Gordon, Lawton St. Post Office. Congleton Tyldesley, 7-9, Stanley St. Atherton 17. 196.

Manchester, 30, Dickenson St. Central 5267-70 & 1607. Wallasey (Birkenhead), 90-92, Brighton St Liscard 1050.

Manchester (Women), 8-10, Queen St., Manchester. City Warrington, Old P.O. Sankey St Warrington 383. 8247-8. Widnes, 24, 26 & 28, Widnes Rd. Widnes 107. Manchester, 469 & 471, Third Avenue, Trafford Park. Runcorn, J. F. Niddrie, 86, High St Runcorn 112. Trafford Park 648. Wigan, 2-3, Woodcock St. Wigan 450. MiDDLETON, The Lodge, Lodge St. Middleton 108. Withington (Temp. Regis. Room), l, Davenport Avenue. Middleton Junction, Mills Hill Rd. Middleton 131. Didsbury 379.

Wales Division

Divisional Office: Law Courts, Cathays Park. Cardiff 3834 Telegraphic Address: Divex, Cardiff

Aberdare, 21, Whitcombe St National 133. Neath, 5 & 6, The Parade Neath 268.

Bargoed (Cardiff), 2, The Square. Bargoed 45 P.O. Newport (Mon.), 147, Commercial St Newport 2034. Chepstow, T. L. R. Hobbs, Bridge St. P.O. Chepstow Barry (Glam.), Dock View Rd. Barry 436 P.O. 63. Cwmbran, H. Summers, G. W. Restaurant. Cwmbran 36. Bute Docks, Junction Dry Docks. Cardiff 1062. Newport Docks, Alexandra Dock, Newport, Mon. New- Cardiff, Old Custom House. Cardiff National 3240. port 3330. Carnarvon, 12, Castle Square. Carnarvon 25. Newtown, High St Newtown 20. Bangor, Llew. D. Jones, 125, High St Bangor 139. Welshpool, T. Davies, 15, Berriew St. Holyhead, A. P. Thomas, Stanley House, Market Square. Pembroke Docks, 23, Dimond St., Pembroke. Pembroke Holyhead 10. Dock 5. Llanberis, M. W. Rowlands, The Beehive. Pontypool, 125, Osborne Rd. Pontypool 142. Bay, Old Municipal Bldgs., Station Rd. Colwyn Colwyn Crumlin, Newport, Mon., J. Barnard, 2, Woodside. Bay 313. Pontypridd, Mill St. Pontypridd 284 Nat. Ebbw Vale, Bethcar St. Ebbw Vale 64 P.O. Port Talbot, 9, Plough Terrace, Station Road. Port Flint, 30, Chester St. Flint 27. Talbot 38. Rhyl, E. L. Rogers, 6, John St Port Talbot Docks, Docks Waiting Room. Port Talbot 140. Llanei.ly, 76, Stepney St. Llanelly 5. Carmarthen, W. J. Wallis-Jones, 34, Quay Street Car- Swansea, Castle Bailey St Central 104-5 & 606. marthen 9. Swansea Docks, Prince of Wales Dock (Waiting Room). Maesteg (Bridgend), 60 Commercial St Maesteg 66 Nat. Central 395.

Merthyr Tydfil, Y.M.C. A, Bldgs., Pontmotlais. Merthyr Tonypandy (Rhondda), 5, Llwynpia Rd. Nat 128. Tydfil 172. Wrexham, Congregational Hall, Lord St Nat 292. Mountain Ash, 30, Commercial St Mountain Ash 52. Ruabon, H. H. Squire, Bryn End. Ruabon 22.

88 LABOUR EXCHANGES

Scotland and Northern Division

Divisional Office for Scotland: Grassmarket, Edinburgh. Central 9020-1-2-3 Telegraphic Address: Divex, Edinburgh

Divisional Office for Northern Division: Old Royal Infirmary, Newcastle-on-Tyne^ City 126 Telegraphic Address: Divex, Newcastle-on-Tyne

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No.

Aberdeen, 49, Market St. Central 2263-4. Gateshead, Millfield Terrace, Windmill Hills. Gateshead Fraserburgh, H. G. Anderson, 29, Frithside St. Fraser- 475- burgh 82. Consett, J. Boyle, 13, Front St. Peterhead, D. H. Martin, 77, Broad St. Peterhead 24. Durham, T. Guthrie, 8, Leazes Place.

AlRDRlE, 50-52, Stirling St. Airdrie 154. Glasgow, 29, College St. Bell 880. Alexandria, 130, Bank St. Alexandria 47. Glasgow (Women), 104, West George St. Douglas 3591. Arbroath, 33, West Abbey St. Arbroath 178. Glasgow (South Side), Elgin St., Carnoustie, D. C. Crowe, 37, High St. South Side. Gorbals Forfar, T. Hannick, Town Hall. Forfar 89. 641-3. Montrose, Cumming, Town Clerk's Office. Montrose J. GORGIE, 131, Dairy Rd., Edinburgh. Central Edinburgh 119. 4199. Ayr, 6, Cathcart St. Ayr 484. Govan (Glasgow), Helen St. Govan 461-2. Stranraer, W. Paterson, 25, Agnew Crescent. Stranraer SS, 42. Greenock, Custom House & Inland Revenue Buildings. Troon, Ayr, Watt, West Portland St. Troon J. 35. Greenock 409-10. Barrhead, 71-75, Cross Arthurlie St. Barrhead 135. Rothesay, H. Mackinnon, 16, High St.

Berwick-on-Tweed, Bridge St. Berwick 100. 31-33, Gretna, Sark Bridge. Carlisle 541 ; Extension 15.

Bishop Auckland, & 10, Tenters Street. Bishop Auck- 9 Hamilton, Herald Building, Brandon St. Hamilton 126. land 98. Crook, CO. Durham, W. H. Harvey, Hope St. Howden- Heaton, Ashfield Villa, Heaton Rd., Newcastle, Northum- le-Wear 15. berland. Central (Newcastle) 2166. New Shildon, M. Turnbull, Council Offices. Hebburn, 50 & 52, Carr St. & 136, Ellison St. Hebbum Blavdon, 20, Shibdon Rd. Blaydon 74. 52 P.O. Blvth, 121, Plessey Rd., Blyth. National 128. INVERKEITHING (Fife), Ferry Toll. Inverkeithing 15. Bridgeton (Glasgow) (Women & Girls), 66, Dalmarnock Rd. Bridgeton 627 P.O. Inverness, 7-13, Baron Taylor's St. Inverness 197. Elgin, T. P. Fraser, 51, High St. Elgin i8xi. Carlisle, 17, Castle St Carlisle 412.

Penrith, J. Harding, Musgrave Hall. Penrith 83. Jarrow, 31 & 33, Ormonde St. Jarrow P.O. 15.

Clvdebank (Glasgow), Canal St. Clydebank 105. Johnstone, 24, Macdowell St. Johnstone 33. Coatbridge, 144 & 148-156, Main St. Coatbridge 121. Kendall, 55, Highgate. Kendall 204. Darlington, i & 2, Station Rd. Darlington 2456. Kilmarnock, i, Wellington St. Kilmarnock 156. Dumbarton, i. Station Rd. Dumbarton 77. Irvine, R. P. Smith, 158, High St. Irvine 65. Helensburgh, J. H. Murray, 20, Colquhoun Square. Stevenson, D. Lawson, Ardeer Post Office. Saltcoats 17. Helensburgh 325. Kirkcaldy, 369, High St. Kirkcaldy 405. Dumfries, 5 & 6, Queensberry Square. Dumfries 252. Annan, R. P. McDougall, Town Hall. Leith (Edinburgh), 133 & 135, Constitution St. Leith 741. Dundee (Men & Women), 54 & 55, Dock Street. Dundee Leven & Methil, Shorehead, Leven. Leven 114. 2246-7. Broughty Ferry, R. H. Smith, 293, Brook St. Broughty Middlesbrough, Oddfellows' Hall, Bridge St. Middles- Ferry 174. bro', 901 & 803. Loftus, R. Copeman, High St. Dunfermline, 10, Chalmers St. Dunfermline 317. 27,

Edinburgh, 174, Lauriston Place, ToUcross. Central Middlesbrough, 88a-b & 90, Normanby Rd., South Bank. 936-7-8. S. Bank 69. Broxburn, D. Bertram, Forester's Office, East Main St. Motherwell, 5-9, Calder St. Motherwell 24. Musselburgh, H. Millar, Municipal BIdgs , High St. Newcastle-on-Tvne, Old Royal Infirmary. City 126-8. Elswick, 560-564, Scotswood Rd., Newcastle-on-Tyne. Central Newcastle 3796-7. North Shields, Howard St. & Union St. N. Shields 30 P.O. Falkirk, 13, Bank St. Falkirk 170-171. Oban, 130, George St. Oban 26. Galashiels, 13, St. John Street. Galashiels 232. Coldstream, D. L. Elder, 5, Tweed Terrace. Paisley, 17, Niddry St. Paisley 787. Duns, T. Agnew, ii. Castle St. Barrhead, F. B. Paton, 186, Cross Arthuslie S Greenlaw, W. GoodfcUow, High St. Hawick, R. Nisbet, 55, High St. Hawick 182. PalliON, 165-167, Hylton Rd. Sunderland 962.

8g LABOUR EXCHANGES

Exchange, Address, and Telephone No. Exchange, Address, and Telephone No.

Scotland and Northern Division (continue^. Scotland and Northern Division {continued).

Parkhead (Glasgow) (Men & Boys), 47-57, Sorby St. Sunderland, Norfolk St. Sunderland 11 1 1-2-3 Nt. Bridgeton 446-7. Seahain Harbour, W. Campbell, 6, Marlborough St. S. Harbour 13. Partick (Glasgow) (Women & Girls), 391, Dumbarton Rd. Western 3428. Sunderland (Docks), Hendon Dock. Sunderland 888. Thornaby (Men & Boys only), 26, Mandale Rd. Stockton Partick, 12, Kelvin St. Western 3448-9. 366. Perth, King Edward St. Perth 321. Tyne Dock, 16J-17, Corsorphine Town, S. Shields. S. Blairgowrie, B. Begg, Street. Blair- J. 5, Commercial Shields P.O. 26. gowrie 73. Wallsend (Northumberland), Warwick Rd. Wallsend 139. Port Glasgow, 4, King St. Port Glasgow 80. West Hartlepool, Surtees St. West Hartlepool 746. Renkrkw, 15-17, Dunlop St. Renfrew 36. Whitehaven, 17, King St. Whitehaven 133. RuthERGLEN, Main St. Rutherglen 246. 144, Wick, Comer of Bridge & High St. Wick 47. Kirkwall, Mackintosh, Orcadian Office, Victoria St. South Shields, 3 & 3J, Charlotte Terr. Opposite New J. Town Hall. South Shields P.O. 25. Willington Quay, 62, Stephenson St. Wallsend-on-Tyne 52- Springburn, 307, Springburn Rd. Springburn 216-7. WiSHAW, 32-38, Hill St. Wishaw 181. Stirling, 44, Upper Craigs. Stirling 302. Workington, Oxford St. Workington 90. Stockton-on-Tees, 12, Westboume Terrace, Bishopton Keswick, W. Grisdale, 14, Lake Rd. Lane. Stockton 525. Maryport, W. Thornbum, 53, Curzon St.

Ireland Division

Divisional Office: Lord Edward Street, Dublin. Dublin 3700 Telegraphic Address: Divex, Dublin

Athlone, Upper Irishtown. Athlone P.O. 30. Kilkenny, Parliament St. Kilkenny 22.

Belfast, 5A, Frederick St. Belfast 2697-8. Kingstown, 93, Lower George St. Kingstown 60.

Belfast, 191, Shankhill Rd. Belfast 3698. Limerick, 64, George St. Limerick 278.

Belfast, 119-121, Bridge End, Belfast. Belfast 3697. Lis BURN, 40, Market Square. Lisburn 99.

Cork, 115, George's St. Cork 55. Londonderry, Newton Bdgs., Foyle St. Londonderry 400. Droghkda, 34, Lawrence St. Drogheda 26. Queenstown, 18, East Beach. Queenstown 77. Dublin, Copper Alley, Lord Edward St. Dublin 3221. Sligo, Market St. Sligo 30. Dublin (Women & Juveniles) Lord Edward St. Dublin 3350- Tralee, 9, The Square. Tralee 88.

DUNDALK, Francis St. Dundalk 88. Waterford, 5, Lady Lane, Michael St. Waterford 181.

Galway, 30, Dominick St. Galway 44. Wexford, South Main St. Wexford 55.

90 BOARD OF TRADE

WOMEN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZING OFFICERS

London and South-Eastern Division

Counties. WOMEN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZING OFFICERS

Wales Division

Counties. HONORARY SECRETARIES OF WOMEN'S COUNTY COMMITTEES FOR AGRICULTURE

Farmers needing women's labour should be referred to the under-mentioned Honorary Secretaries of Women's County Agricultural Committees, or to the Manager of the nearest Labour Exchange, who will be able to make the farmer's needs known, and to put them in touch with any available women. It should be pointed out, however, that the majority of the women offering assistance are able to give part time only. Efforts are being made to arrange for gang-leaders to organize the part-time labour in villages, in such a way as to be able to give the employer continuity of service. In addition to these women, a certain number will be trained, and will be available for placing with the farmers.

London and South Eastern Division Sussex (West) Mrs. Elliott Lord, Apricale, Bedford Mrs. Whitchurch, Summersdale, Chichester. Great Barford House, Sandy. Berkshire Miss M. H. Ormerod, Yorkshire Division Shire Hall, Reading. East Riding ... Miss E. M. Cooper,

Buckinghamshire. , G. Watkins, Esq. C. Sledmere, Yorkshire. County Buildings, Aylesbury. North Riding S. Dougill, Esq. County Hall, Cambridge Mrs. Rootham, Northallerton. County Hall, Cambridge. West Riding ... Joint Secretaries: Essex Lady Petre's Private Secretary, Mrs. E. I^ane Fox, Walton House, Miss J. M. Aldridge, Ivy House, Boston Spa. North End Rd., Miss Thornton, Golders Green. Board of Trade Div. Office, Hertford Miss L. Puller, Employment Dept., (Women's Council) Youngsbury, South Parade, Ware, Herts. Doncaster. S. YORKS Mrs. Herbert Peake, Kent (East) M. F. Ramsay, Esq. The Hall, Dane Court, Eastry, Kent. Bawtry, Yorks. Kent (West) H. W. Christie, Esq. Castle Hill, East Midlands Division Tonbridge. Derbyshire A. L. Jenjcyn Brown, Esq. Middlesex Lady Margaret Boscawen, Education Office, II, Mount Street, Derby. Berkeley Square, W. Huntingdon Miss Linton Norfolk Miss Burton, Stritloe House, 129, Newmarket Road, Buckden, Hunts. Norwich, and Leicester T. Hacking, Esq. Mrs. Parish, 33, Bowling Green Street, " Westwood Ho," Leicester. Kingsley Rd., Norwich. Lincoln (Kesteven) Hudson Donaldson, Esq. Oxford Miss Dewar, 64, London Road, Cotmore, Bicester, Oxen. Grantham. Suffolk (East) Joint Secretaries: Lincoln (Lindsey)... R. Dowling, Esq. Miss M. E. Connell.and 286, High St., Miss E. M. Prentice, Lincoln. County Hall, Ipswich. Northampton Mrs. J. Woods, Suffolk (West) Mrs. Bateman, S, Spencer Parade, 5, Cornhill, Northampton. Bury St. Edmunds. Nottingham Dr. Goodwin, Surrey Miss Noeline Baker, Midland Agricultural College, 20-21, North St., Guildford. Kingston, Derby.

Sussex (East) ... Temporary Secretary, Soke of Mrs. W. Strong, Viscountess Wolseley, Peterborough Thorpe Hall, Glynde, Sussex. Peterborough.

:' .• ;•'.:..: .

HON. SECS. OF WOMEN'S COUNTY COMMITTEES

West Midlands Division North of England Division

Cumberland G. W. Gilbanks, Hereford Porter, Esq. Esq. J. (The Women's Farm Shire Hall, Hereford. 5, Castle Gate, Labour Committee) Penrith. SxArroRD E. Joy, Esq. Durham Win. Fleming, Esq., County Buildings, Stafford. Jnr. 48, Old Elvet, Warwick R. Gordon Everitt, Esq. Durham. 12, Northgate Street, Northumberland. . C. Williams, Esq. Warwick. (Guild of War Agri- The Moothall, cultural Helpers) Worcester The Hon. Mary Pakington, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Waresby Court, Sir F. E. Walker, Kidderminster. Swansfield House, Alnwick. Birmingham C. Napier Clavering, Esq. Westmorland E. Yates, Esq.

(Women's Labour 3, New Street, 13, Lowther Street, Committee) Birmingham. Kendal.

Wales Division

South Western Division Brecon David Thomas, Esq. Llwynon, Builth Wells, Cornwall Miss Fen wick, Brecon. Trefusis, Newquay. Cardigan Mrs. Abel Jones, Devon Miss Dickinson, Crugian, Rhydyfelin, Aberystwyth. Ottery St. Mary, or Board of Trade Labour Exchange, Carmarthen Daniel John, Esq. 13 & 14, North Street, County Education Offices, Exeter. Carmarthen. Flintshire Dorset C. G. Bone, Esq. County Offices, Dorchester. District Committees—under War Agricultural Committees Gloucester Miss F. H. Teesdale, Caergwrle ... Miss Hughes, Whitminster House, Ty Cerrig, Stonehouse, Glos. Caergwrle, Nr. Wrexham. Hampshire Miss M. K. Cook, Gellifor— Mrs. Vospor, 6, The Close, Convenor Plas Goch, Winchester. Llanychan, Ruthin.

Isle of Wight . . . Mrs. Coode, Hawarden Miss Thom, Orchardleigh, Springfield House, Bonchurch, Isle of Wight. Hawarden.

Somerset Mrs. Mansell, Llanfvnvdd Miss Helen V. Davies, Beyford Lodge, The Rectory, Wincanton, and Llanfynydd. Mrs. Boys, Glamorgan . Acting Secretary: North Cadbury Rectory, , Miss Strachan, Somerset. Board of Trade Divisional Office. Wiltshire (Northern) Miss Warrender, Employment Department, Stoke House, Purton. Law Courts, Cathays Park, Wiltshire (Southern) Miss Olivier, Cardiff. 'l"he Close, Salisbury. Monmouth Sub-Committeesfor Local Districts—under War Agricultural Committee

Abergavenny ... Mrs. Mackworth, North Western Division The Mardy, Abergavenny. Cheshire ... The Hon. John E. Cross, Chepstow Mrs. Clay, West Hall, Piercefield Park, High Legh, Knutsford. Chepstow.

Lancashire ... Windham E. Hale, Esq. Monmouth Lady Mather Jackson, Derby Estate Office, Llantilo Court, Preston, Abergavenny. and Miss Knowles, Anglesey Griffith Jones, Esq. Board of Trade Divisional Office, Shire Hall, Employment Department, Llangefui. Empire Hall, Pembrokeshire Mrs. Wh^atley, Museum Street, Spring Gardens, Warrington. Haverfordwest.

U) Wt; .?et869i -44 25,000 8/16 C.P. G. 51 vv,^Its' ^ r. m'm 1 i::V" m

To be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from WYMAN AND SONS, LTD., ag Breams Buildings, Pettcr Lane, E.C., and 54 St. Mary Street, Cardiff; or H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE (Scottish Branch),23 Forth Street, Edinburgh; or E. PONSONBY, LTD., ii6 Grafton Street, Dublin; or from the Agencies in the British Colonies and Dependencies, the United States of America and other Foreign Countries of T. FISHER UNWIN, LTD., London, W.C. Oaylord Bros. Makers Syracuse, N Y.

PtT.JtII. 21, IBM

390022

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UBRARY

CENTS ^"^r.PO"^ 25 FINE ^o return ^AN INITIAL FOR Jr ASSESSED ^'^''-""^HE PENM-TY

*l- DAY AND TO __-==== OVERDUE. U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES

^^'-^'^ jKH 28 CDDbaaioai

Mikf) 13 r^^

^ REC'DLD FEB V)12-2^^ ' o-lPM gECDLD : 1 5

04X111989

AUTO DIK OCT 11