The Temples of Lakshmeshwara: an Analytical Study
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Construction Techniques of Indian Temples
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 420 Volume-1, Issue-10, October-2018 www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5782 Construction Techniques of Indian Temples Chanchal Batham1, Aatmika Rathore2, Shivani Tandon3 1,3Student, Department of Architecture, SDPS Women’s College, Indore, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, SDPS Women’s College, Indore, India Abstract—India is a country of temples. Indian temples, which two principle axis, which in turn resulted in simple structural are standing with an unmatched beauty and grandeur in the wake systems and an increased structural strength against seismic of time against the forces of nature, are the living evidences of forces. The Indian doctrine of proportions is designed not only structural efficiency and technological skill of Indian craftsman to correlate the various parts of building in an aesthetically and master builders. Every style of building construction reflects pleasing manner but also to bring the entire building into a a clearly distinctive basic principle that represents a particular culture and era. In this context the Indian Hindu temple magical harmony with the space. architecture are not only the abode of God and place of worship, B. Strutural Plan Density but they are also the cradle of knowledge, art, architecture and culture. The research paper describes the analysis of intrinsic Structural plan density defined as the total area of all vertical qualities, constructional and technological aspects of Indian structural members divided by the gross floor area. The size and Temples from any natural calamities. The analytical research density of structural elements is very great in the Indian temples highlights architectural form and proportion of Indian Temple, as compared to the today's buildings. -
General Introduction to Odishan Temple Architecture
Odisha Review May - 2012 General introduction to Odishan Temple Architecture Anjaliprava Sahoo INTRODUCTION Sastras recognize three main styles of temple architecture known as the Nagara, the Dravida Temple is a ‘Place of Worship’. It is also called 1 the ‘House of God’. Stella Kramrisch has defined and the Vesara. temple as ‘Monument of Manifestation’ in her NAGARA TEMPLE STYLE book ‘The Hindu Temple’. The temple is one of Nagara types of temples are the typical the prominent and enduring symbols of Indian Northern Indian temples with curvilinear sikhara- culture: it is the most graphic expression of religious spire topped by amlakasila.2 This style was fervour, metaphysical values and aesthetic developed during A.D. 5th century. The Nagara aspiration. style is characterized by a beehive-shaped and The idea of temple originated centuries multi-layered tower, called ‘Sikhara’. The layers ago in the universal ancient conception of God in of this tower are topped by a large round cushion- a human form, which required a habitation, a like element called ‘amlaka’. The plan is based shelter and this requirement resulted in a structural on a square but the walls are sometimes so shrine. India’s temple architecture is developed segmented, that the tower appears circular in from the Sthapati’s and Silpi’s creativity. A small shape. Advancement in the architecture is found Hindu temple consists of an inner sanctum, the in temples belonging to later periods, in which the Garbha Griha or womb chamber; a small square central shaft is surrounded by many smaller room with completely plain walls having a single narrow doorway in the front, inside which the image is housed and other chambers which are varied from region to region according to the needs of the rituals. -
Circumambulation in Indian Pilgrimage: Meaning And
232 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & ENGINEERING RESEARCH, VOLUME 12, ISSUE 1, JANUARY-2021 ISSN 2229-5518 Circumambulation in Indian pilgrimage: Meaning and manifestation Santosh Kumar Abstract— Our ancient literature is full of examples where pilgrimage became an immensely popular way of achieving spiritual aims while walking. In India, many communities have attached spiritual importance to particular places or to the place where people feel a spiritual awakening. Circumambulation (pradakshina) around that sacred place becomes the key point of prayer and offering. All these circumambulation spaces are associated with the shrines or sacred places referring to auspicious symbolism. In Indian tradition, circumambulation has been practice in multiple scales ranging from a deity or tree to sacred hill, river, and city. The spatial character of the path, route, and street, shift from an inside dwelling to outside in nature or city, depending upon the central symbolism. The experience of the space while walking through sacred space remodel people's mental and physical character. As a result, not only the sacred space but their design and physical characteristics can be both meaningful and valuable to the public. This research has been done by exploring in two stage to finalize the conclusion, In which First stage will involve a literature exploration of Hindu and Buddhist scripture to understand the meaning and significance of circumambulation and in second, will investigate the architectural manifestation of various element in circumambulatory which help to attain its meaning and true purpose. Index Terms— Pilgrimage, Circumambulation, Spatial, Sacred, Path, Hinduism, Temple architecture —————————— —————————— 1 Introduction Circumambulation ‘Pradakshinā’, According to Rig Vedic single light source falling upon central symbolism plays a verses1, 'Pra’ used as a prefix to the verb and takes on the vital role. -
Rural Tourism As an Entrepreneurial Opportunity (A Study on Hyderabad Karnataka Region)
Volume : 5 | Issue : 12 | December-2016 ISSN - 2250-1991 | IF : 5.215 | IC Value : 79.96 Original Research Paper Management Rural Tourism as an Entrepreneurial Opportunity (a Study on Hyderabad Karnataka Region) Assistant Professor, Dept of Folk Tourism,Karnataka Folklore Mr. Hanamantaraya University, Gotagodi -581197,Shiggaon TQ Haveri Dist, Karnataka Gouda State, India Assistant Professor, Dept of Folk Tourism,Karnataka Folklore Mr. Venkatesh. R University, Gotagodi -581197,Shiggaon TQ Haveri Dist, Karnataka State, India The Tourism Industry is seen as capable of being an agent of change in the landscape of economic, social and environment of a rural area. Rural Tourism activity has also generated employment and entrepreneurship opportunities to the local community as well as using available resources as tourist attractions. There are numerable sources to lead business in the tourism sector as an entrepreneur; the tourism sector has the potential to be a development of entrepreneurial and small business performance. Which one is undertaking setting up of business by utilizing all kinds sources definitely we can develop the region of that area. This article aims to discuss the extent of entrepreneurial opportunities as the development ABSTRACT of tourism in rural areas. Through active participation among community members, rural entrepreneurship will hopefully move towards prosperity and success of rural tourism entrepreneurship Rural Tourism, Entrepreneurial opportunities of Rural Tourism, and Development of Entrepre- KEYWORDS neurship in Rural area Introduction Objectives of the studies Top tourism destinations, particularly in developing countries, 1. To know the entrepreneurial opportunities in Rural are include national parks, wilderness areas, mountains, lakes, and of HK region cultural sites, most of which are generally rural. -
11.13 Karnataka
11.13 KARNATAKA 11.13.1 Introduction Karnataka, the seventh largest State of the country, with a geographical area of 1,91,791 sq km accounts for 5.83% of the geographical area of the country. The State is located in the south western region of India and lies between 11°30' N to 18°30' N latitudes and 74°00' E to 78°30' E longitudes and is bordered by Maharashtra and Goa in the North, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the east, Kerala & Tamil Nadu on the South and the Arabian Sea on the West. The State can be divided into two distinct physiographic regions viz the 'Malnad' or hilly region comprising Western Ghats and 'Maidan' or plain region comprising the inland plateau of varying heights. The average annual rainfall varies from 2,000 mm to 3,200 mm and the average annual temperature between 25°C and 35°C. The Western Ghats, which has an exceptionally high level of biological diversity and endemism, covers about 60% of forest area of the State. East flowing rivers in Karnataka mainly Cauvery & Krishna along with its tributaries drain into Bay of Bengal and west flowing rivers mainly Sharavathi & Kali drain into Arabian Sea. The State has 30 districts, amongst which 5 are tribal and 6 are hill districts. As per the 2011 census, Karnataka has a population of 61.13 million, which is 5.05% of India's population. The rural and urban populations constitute 61.43% and 38.57% respectively. Tribal population is 6.96% of the State's population. -
Shiva's Waterfront Temples
Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Subhashini Kaligotla All rights reserved ABSTRACT Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla This dissertation examines Deccan India’s earliest surviving stone constructions, which were founded during the 6th through the 8th centuries and are known for their unparalleled formal eclecticism. Whereas past scholarship explains their heterogeneous formal character as an organic outcome of the Deccan’s “borderland” location between north India and south India, my study challenges the very conceptualization of the Deccan temple within a binary taxonomy that recognizes only northern and southern temple types. Rejecting the passivity implied by the borderland metaphor, I emphasize the role of human agents—particularly architects and makers—in establishing a dialectic between the north Indian and the south Indian architectural systems in the Deccan’s built worlds and built spaces. Secondly, by adopting the Deccan temple cluster as an analytical category in its own right, the present work contributes to the still developing field of landscape studies of the premodern Deccan. I read traditional art-historical evidence—the built environment, sculpture, and stone and copperplate inscriptions—alongside discursive treatments of landscape cultures and phenomenological and experiential perspectives. As a result, I am able to present hitherto unexamined aspects of the cluster’s spatial arrangement: the interrelationships between structures and the ways those relationships influence ritual and processional movements, as well as the symbolic, locative, and organizing role played by water bodies. -
District Environmental Plan for Gadag District Karnataka State
DISTRICT ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN FOR GADAG DISTRICT KARNATAKA STATE Office of the Deputy Commissioner, Gadag District, Gadag. Phone No: 08372237300 E-mail: [email protected] 1 | P a g e Contents District Profile ...................................................................................................................... 4 a. District Administrative Set-up ......................................................................................... 4 b. Local institutions ............................................................................................................ 4 c. Natural Resources ......................................................................................................... 4 ▪ Water bodies .......................................................................................................... 4 ▪ Availability of water resources ................................................................................. 4 ▪ Forest coverage ...................................................................................................... 4 d. Geography & Demography ........................................................................................... 5 e. Land-use patter .............................................................................................................. 5 f. Climate & Tourist Place . …………………………………………………………………..……6 2.0 Indicative Gap Analysis and Action Plans for complying with Waste Management Rules ................................................................................................................................... -
The Krishna Temple Complex, Hampi: an Exploration of Its Identity As a Medieval Temple in the Contemporary Context
THE KRISHNA TEMPLE COMPLEX, HAMPI: AN EXPLORATION OF ITS IDENTITY AS A MEDIEVAL TEMPLE IN THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Ashima Krishna January, 2009 © 2009 Ashima Krishna ABSTRACT Hindu temples in India have been in abundance for centuries. However, many have lost their use over time. They lie vacant and unused on vast tracts of land across the Indian subcontinent, in a time when financial resources for the provision of amenities to serve the local community are hard to come by. In the case of Hampi, this strain is felt not only by the community inhabiting the area, but the tourism sector as well. Hampi’s immense significance as a unique Medieval-city in the Indian subcontinent has increased tourist influx into the region, and added pressure on authorities to provide for amenities and facilities that can sustain the tourism industry. The site comprises near-intact Medieval structures, ruins in stone and archaeologically sensitive open land, making provision of tourist facilities extremely difficult. This raises the possibility of reusing one of the abundant temple structures to cater to some of these needs, akin to the Virupaksha Temple Complex and the Hampi Bazaar. But can it be done? There is a significant absence of research on possibilities of reusing a Hindu Temple. A major reason for this gap in scholarship has been due to the nature of the religion of Hinduism and its adherents. Communal and political forces over time have consistently viewed all Hindu temples as cultural patrimony of the people, despite legal ownership resting with the Government of India. -
CBSE-STD VI-Social Science-New Empires and Kingdoms Page 1 of 40
CBSE-STD VI-Social Science-New Empires and Kingdoms Page 1 of 40 Master Lesson Plan For New Empires and Kingdoms Board Standard Subject Chapter Language Reference Link Creation date New Empires and New Empires and CBSE STD VI Social Science English 2021-04-29 22:18:48 Kingdoms Kingdoms DISCLAIMER 1.Strictly not for Commercial use. 2.Provided on as is basis with no warranties of any kind. 3.Content that falls in Public Domain or common Knowledge facts can be used freely. 4.Some of the contents are owned by the Third parties and are used in compliance with their licensing conditions. Any one infringing the Copyright of such Third parties will be doing so at their own risks and costs. 5.Content can be downloaded and used for Personal, educational and informational purposes only. Any attempt to remove, alter, circumvent or distort the data that is accessed Is Illegal and strictly prohibited. ©SriSathyaSaiVidyaVahini www.srisathyasaividyavahini.org CBSE-STD VI-Social Science-New Empires and Kingdoms Page 2 of 40 ©SriSathyaSaiVidyaVahini www.srisathyasaividyavahini.org CBSE-STD VI-Social Science-New Empires and Kingdoms Page 3 of 40 New Empires and Kingdoms 1. MS_Objectives New Empires and kingdoms Notes to teacher: This asset lays down the proposed plan for transacting this chapter ‘New empires and kingdoms'. It states the objectives of the MLP. This asset is for teacher’s reference and need not be taught to the students. Students will be able to: Dramatize the achievements of King Samudragupta. Examine king Samudragupta and his policies which are explained in the prashasti. -
Chalukyas Dynasty and Pallava Dynasty
Chalukyas Dynasty and Pallava Dynasty THE CHALUKYAS: History of the Chalukyas, the Karnataka rulers, can be classified into three eras: 1) The early western era (6th - 8th century), the Chalukyas of Badami (vatapi); 2) The later western era (7th - 12th century), the Chalukyas of Kalyani; 3) The eastern Chalukyas era (7th - 12th century), the Chalukyas of Vengi. Pulakesin I (543-566) was the first independent ruler of Badami with Vatapi in Bijapur as his capital. Kirthivarma I (566-596) succeeded him at the throne. When he died, the heir to the throne, Prince Pulakesin II, was just a baby and so the king‘s brother, Mangalesha (597-610), was crowned the caretaker ruler. Over the years, he made many unsuccessful attempts to kill the prince but was ultimately killed himself by the prince and his friends. Pulakesin II (610-642), the son of Pulakesin I, was a contemporary of Harshavardhana and the most famous of the Chalukyan kings.His reign is remembered as the greatest period in the history of Karnataka. He defeated Harshavardhana on the banks of the Narmada. 4) After conquering the Kosalas and the Kalingas, and eastern Chalukyan dynasty was inaugurated by his(Pulakeshin II) brother Kubja Vishnuvardana. 5) By 631, the Chalukyan empire extended from sea to sea. However, Pulkeshin II was defeated and probably killed in 642, when the Pallavas under Narsimhavarma I attack their capital & captured the Chalukyas capital at Badami. 6) The Chalukyas rose to power once again under the leadership of Vikramaditya I (655-681), who defeated his contemporary Pandya, Pallava, Cholas and Kerala rulers to establish the supremacy of the Chalukyan empire in the region. -
Sl No. Reg No. NAME and ADDRESS 1 Reg No
Sl No. Reg No. NAME AND ADDRESS 1 Reg No. 269 Reg No. 269 Shri V C Patil Asst. Executive Eng. Near Housing Board, Ranebennur - 581115 Haveri - Dist. 2 Reg No. 843 Reg No. 843 Shri Fakeerappa Kariyappa Bidari Engineer, "Basavanilya", Umashankaranagar, Ranebennur - 581115, Haveri - Dist. 3 Reg No. 1097 Reg No. 1097 Shri B Veerabhadrappa, Merchant M/s B Veerabhadrappa & Sons, APMC Yard, Ranebennur - 581115, Haveri - Dist. 4 Reg No. 1098 Reg No. 1098 Shri Kumar Shivappa Jumbegi, Merchant Shubhalakshmi Cotton Traders, APMC Yard, Ranebennur - 581115, Haveri - Dist. 5 Reg No. 1099 Reg No. 1099 Shri Kumar Shivappa Jumbegi, Cotton Merchants M/s Shivappa Lekkadappa Jumbagi, Box No.20 Ranebennur - 581115 Haveri - Dist. Page 1 6 Reg No. 1100 Reg No. 1100 Shri Channappa Puttappa Badave Merchant Badaami Building, Station Road, Ranebennur - 581115 Haveri - Dist. 7 Reg No. 1101 Reg No. 1101 Shri Kumar Shadaksharappa Musti S .S Musti Compay, APMC Yard Ranebennur - 581115, Haveri - Dist. 8 Reg No. 1102 Reg No. 1102 Shri Rudranna Veerabhadrappa Hosakeri Cotton Merchants, Hosakeri Compay, APMC Yard Ranebennur - 581115, Haveri - Dist. 9 Reg No. 1103 Reg No. 1103 Shri Viswanath Shekharappa Jumbegi Merchants, Vageeshanagar, Ranebennur - 581115, Haveri - Dist. 10 Reg No. 1104 Reg No. 1104 Shri Ramanagowda Linganagowda M/s.N G Patil, APMC Yard Ranebennur - 581115, Haveri - Dist. Page 2 11 Reg No. 1105 Reg No. 1105 Shri Shankara Karaveerappa Kottura Lecturer, Poni -Banglore Main Road, Near Bus Stand Ranebennur - 581115 Haveri - Dist. 12 Reg No. 1106 Reg No. 1106 Shri Mahadevappa Halappagowli Merchants, Gowli Street, Ranebennur - 581115 Haveri - Dist. 13 Reg No. -
ENGINEERING Full Report
12/4/2018 All Report-MHRD, National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) National Institutional Ranking Framework Ministry of Human Resource Development Government of India (/NIRFIndia/Home) Welcome to Data Capturing System: ENGINEERING Institute ID: IR-E-C-1324 Go Back (/DCS/Home) Institute Name: Smt. Kamala & Vekappa M Agadi College of Engg. & Technology, Lakshmeshwara Full Report Sanctioned (Approved) Intake Academic Year 2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 20 UG [4 Years Program(s)]: Sanctioned (approved) students intake 360 360 360 360 --- -- Total Actual Student Strength (Program(s) Offered by Your Institution) (All No. of No. of Total Within Outside Outside Economically Socially No. of students No. of students No. of students No. programs Male Female Students State State Country Backward Challenged receiving full receiving full receiving full who of all years) Students Students (Including (Including (Including (Including (SC+ST+OBC tuition fee tuition fee tuition fee rece male & male & male & male & Including reimbursement reimbursement reimbursement tuiti female) female) female) female) male & from the State from from the reim female) and Central Institution Private Bodies Government Funds UG [4 Years 772 657 1429 1424 5 0 393 1036 119 0 1 1309 Program(s)] Placement & Higher Studies UG [4 Years Program(s)]: Placement & higher studies for previous 3 years Academic No. of first year No. of first year Academic No. of students Academic No. of students No. of Median salary of No. of st Year students intake in students admitted