Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 | The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. | https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. N acdn a enavne sa ffiin olt eeo pce dnicto n e perspectives new and identification species develop to tool et efficient (Tanner areas, an fishes deep-sea as coastal in advanced shallow diversity been of species has that barcoding fish than DNA known understanding 2018). well to al., Finucci less diagnostic obstacles et much Chimaeridae: Miyazaki poor is major 2018; fishes 1978; deep- these or al., deep-sea Shimizu, of of confusion of result & diversity estimates taxonomic Kawaguchi a species accurate As of the Myctophidae: morphological accrue because 2018). e.g., Nonetheless, al., 2017; to difficult et al., methods. sometimes important conservation et is is (Kenchington and fishes It features management et at deep-sea (Cuyvers efficient column 2007). mining of develop water seabed identification to (Smith, and as diversity fisheries such seabed essential, fish deepwater are disturbances, the sea fauna anthropogenic and inhabit fish to deep-sea 2018) oceans for due efforts world’s al., threats Conservation the considering 2017). of Priede, when 2009; stocks especially (Robioson, fish m 200 exploited below least depths and largest The DNA our regional and or fishes, species deep-sea Introduction for cryptic remain many issues. issues for these that worldwide biogeographical of found and suggest understanding not taxonomic better results was many provide differentiation would These that genetic data indicate Alternatively, barcoding results fishes. species. These deep-sea widespread in northwestern species. discovered sequence each the six been COI between in yet differentiation acquired not genetic previously oceans have of and other distance) populations data two-parameter and Kimura our 2% between Ocean than multiple comparison (more Pacific from a level obtained high fishes, a were deep-sea suggested sequences widespread data 19 COI for which Moreover, for distance. species each that within found ventralis diversity we sequences to Pyramodon Genetic Taiwan, COI and the southern examined, obtained families. and we was Japan Overall, 50 specimens around Ocean. from fisheries Pacific limited, northwestern species deepwater demersal is the from and 123 in barcoding mesopelagic collected fishes of of deep-sea DNA slope, barcoding of upper for sequences DNA and reference fishes performed discovery the shelf we deep-sea accumulate the study, continental this to of the In lead on sequences could Ocean. species reference Pacific and fish northwestern of fishes the availability deep-sea in of the fishes identification for However, species especially diversity. for species tool efficient cryptic an of be could barcoding DNA COI-based Abstract 2021 23, March 4 3 2 1 Hirase Shotaro and Teramura Akinori in diversity genetic hidden fishes identifying deep-sea Pacific for northwestern resource the a from fishes Ocean: deep-sea of barcoding DNA ainlMsu fMrn ilg n qaimEhbto Division Exhibition Aquarium and Biology Marine of History Museum Natural National of Museum Prefectural Kanagawa Foundation Research Biological Kuroshio Tokyo of University The Crpde hwdhg nrseicgntcdffrnito fmr hn2 iuatwo-parameter Kimura 2% than more of differentiation genetic intraspecific high showed (Carapidae) 1 et Koeda Keita , 1 2 hmeaphantasma Chimaera ioh Senou Hiroshi , 1 3 (Chimaeridae), sa-hn Ho Hsuan-Ching , apdnmicrochir Harpadon 4 ioh Kikuchi Kiyoshi , Sndnia) and (Synodontidae), 1 , Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. A A T G C3)adrvre ih2(’ATTAGGTACGAGATCGAA-3’) CAG AAT AAG CCG TGA GGG 10 TCA (5’-ACT of FishR2 volume reverse: final the and a of AC-3’) with GGC amplification ATC mixture PCR GAT AAA (QIAGEN). a Kit 0.4 in Tissue DNA, performed Puregene template was Fishbase Gentra gene (2019), the COI Ho using mitochondrial & extracted was Koeda DNA and Genomic geographic (2013) the Nakabo sequencing on by The and Information studies extraction 2019). 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Japan, (NMMB-P), 10% information (KPM-NI), Aquarium ethanol. with biogeographic History & 99% Natural and fixed Biology in Taxonomic of stored Marine was Museum and of specimen Prefectural blade Museum Kanagawa sterile Each National a the the with in 1). and dissected deposited were were analysis Japan), (Fig. specimens DNA Taiwan) Pref., (Kagoshima The for County, Kasasa samples (Chiba tissue (Pingtung Japan), Kanaya and Pref., Dong-gang formalin, (Nagasaki Japan), Maisaka and Nagasaki Pref., Japan), from Japan), Japan), Pref., collected Pref., (Miyagi (Shizuoka Pref., (Aichi were Yui Ishinomaki Isshiki collected specimens Japan), Japan), Pref., were the ports: Pref., (Shizuoka of 165) (Shizuoka Numazu fishing All = Japan), 10 (N 2020. Pref., (Kanagawa to slopes of Hiratsuka 2018 and catches from shelves fishery waters continental Taiwanese the of southern species and demersal Japanese from and mesopelagic of Specimens specimens and collection Sample from obtained methods sequences and reference Materials worldwide based worldwide and distance examine Ocean genetic to database. Pacific intraspecific calcu- is DNA northwestern their by the objective the calculating fishes by second between deep-sea fishes north- The comparisons deficiencies Ocean deep-sea the on examine distances. Pacific widespread in to northwestern genetic in is fishes differentiation in intraspecific study deep-sea genetic and species present of interspecific of cryptic diversity their objective potential genetic first lating and estimated The taxonomy we current perspectives. data, morphological Furthermore, two in sequence using from studies. obtained identified future Ocean southern for the Pacific accurately and collections western of were museum Japanese basis in barcoding around the specimens DNA fisheries accessible on deepwater for species as barcoding fish from used deposited 2011; demersal collected and DNA specimens species and Hanner, characteristics slope large-scale mesopelagic All high & upper of (Zhang in of barcoding waters. and Ocean result number DNA Taiwanese shelf Pacific COI-based to limited continental northwestern performed expected the the a we in also Here, on only fishes is 2012). However, deep-sea al., complexity et on topographic Wang fishes. conducted Such been deep-sea have (Fujikura 2019). in studies trenches topo- diversity al., deep-sea high et genetic its and to Brandt islands, and attributed several many 2010; be seas, to include al., semienclosed considered could et is large that includes that richness which differentiation species complexity, high graphic genetic has intraspecific Ocean Pacific or northwestern The species identification cryptic accurate 2017). their of (Priede, to discovery contribute species International would the widespread world the of the as accumulation or over The well all 2007) and from 2020). as Hebert, fishes collected fish Karsh-Mizrachi, deep-sea & been & for of have Ratnasingham Arita sequences used fishes (BOLD: (INSDC: reference marine commonly Database Collaboration of Database is Life sequences Sequence of region reference identifyingNucleotide Barcode COI (COI) for and the 1 tool world, 2015; in effective subunit the accumulated al., an oxidase in be et projects cytochrome also barcoding Gaither mitochondrial could DNA The 2012; barcoding Francis, DNA fishes. & Therefore, deep-sea (Krishnamurthy 2018). assessment Mohan, biodiversity & Sachithanandam and taxonomy, ecology, in μ o fec owr n ees rmr frad sh2(’TGATATCAT AAT ACT (5’-TCG FsihF2 [forward: primers reverse and forward each of mol 2 μ otiig1–0n of ng 10–50 containing L Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ie notomjrpten Fg ) eei ieetainbtentewsenadesenPcfi [9 Pacific eastern and western clas- the were between patterns differentiation these genetic but 5): differentiation, (Fig. geographic patterns of COI major patterns among two various distance 5). into suggested Fig. genetic sified species and 19 intraspecific Collectively, 2 19 2% (Table BLAST. them, than species using Of more these showed species in species other differentiation geographic fish to waters suggesting deep-sea similarity from sequences, widespread no species avoid 26 target show to of the survey, Ocean sequences this of Pacific COI from In the the northwestern sequences fishes. that outside the COI deep-sea confirmed waters we widespread compared outside misidentification, from such then on for sequences We based waters wi- COI sequences databases. other COI conducted, DNA and 26 was Ocean the Pacific for in barcoding northwestern registered COI the data were whose Ocean fishes sequence Pacific deep-sea northwestern acquired the of previously 26 For and and results waters, fishes Taiwanese study deep-sea southern despread our and between Japanese Comparison from individuals to corresponding ventralis clades two showed .%itapcfi eei itne(upeetlTbe3.Aogthem, Among 3). Table (Supplemental Fig. distance (Supplemental genetic species that intraspecific Note other 2.7% 2). the Fig. (Supplemental of misidentified independent been (Chimaeridae), have clade may a sequences database formed DNA species, Three undescribed an 1). as morphological large treated the despite is species between differentiation Moreover, genetic low differences. had 3) (Fig. (Pentacerotidae) 1983 ihngnr a oeta .% n nrseisgntcdsacswr esta .%frms species most for 1.0% than less distance were hand, genetic distances other the genetic the identification, intraspecies morphological On and to 6.0%, with 2). were than new consistent (Fig. individuals more were largely Japanese was were species from genera 2). results 23 within sequences Table (Supplemental barcoding of COI study COI sequences species, were this deletions The 35 COI in or For time The insertions, 1). first 1). codons, (Table the Table stop databases for no orders (Supplemental obtained BOLD and 17 sequences and bp, and the 660 families, NCBI to 50 of the 500 genera, any from 89 in ranged species, lengths 123 observed sequence from The obtained fishes. were of sequences COI fishes sixty-five deep-sea hundred Ocean One Pacific northwestern of used barcoding and DNA location, sampling the with 1,000 sequences. labeled name, COI and Results species obtained options, the newly with with deletion labeled analyses clearly complete phylogenetic length, and for in bp ( into model NCBI 500 assigned from substitution least and sequences at (K2P) 2018) COI MEGA downloaded al., two-parameter We in et replicates. constructed Kimura (Kumar were bootstrap the trees X phylogenetic MEGA using Neighbor-joining using 2007). X samples (Villesen, sequences between 1.5 DNA FaBox aligned lengths using The same haplotypes 2002). the al., et to (Thompson trimmed ClustalW were using performed was alignment sequence (Thermo COI Analyzer Cycle DNA v3.1 3130 Terminator Biosystems analyses BigDye Phylogenetic Applied the the using and direction Inc.) Inc.). forward protocol. Scientific Scientific manufacturer’s the Fisher Fisher the in (Thermo following sequenced Kit USA) were Sequencing Inc., Scientific products Fisher PCR (Thermo Purified ExoSAP-IT with 72 purified at were extension s, 30 0.2 95 for (5’-TAT 2005)], at R1 al., cycle FISH et one (Ward reverse: with and CA-3’) AC-3’) AAT 5 GGC AAG Inc.), ATT Bio CCA GAC (Takara AAA TGG CAC GGG AAC TCG ACC (5’-TCA ACT F1 FISH forward: or a w ldsta r itiue yptial rudJpns aes(i.4). (Fig. waters Japanese around sympatrically distributed are that clades two had Coryphaenoides apdnmicrochir Harpadon μ ° o i,floe y3 ylso eauaina 94 at denaturation of cycles 35 by followed min, 2 for C f2 of L Chlorophthalmus ° o i,adfial,asnl xeso tpa 72 at step extension single a finally, and min, 1 for C × pce Mcorde eeietfidadsqecdi hssuy u some but study, this in sequenced and identified were (Macrouridae) species k flxBffr(aaaBoIc) n itle ae.Temlccigbegan cycling Thermal water. distilled and Inc.), Bio (Takara Buffer Gflex Tks etcrsjaponicus Pentaceros Sndnia) and (Synodontidae), p es aao(03 Jpns ae aeameo,which Bake-aomeeso), name: (Japanese (2013) Nakabo sensu 2 sp. tidcnr 1883 Steindachner, 3 yaoo ventralis Pyramodon https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Pedpnaeo wheeleri /Pseudopentaceros μ fTsGe N Polymerase DNA Gflex Tks of L .phantasma C. ° o 0s neln t54 at annealing s, 30 for C ° Crpde aemr than more have (Carapidae) o 0mn C products PCR min. 10 for C hmeaphantasma Chimaera and ,wihwere which ), .microchir H. Hardy, ° P. C Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. enm:Bk-oes)i necie pce hthsabgosmrhlgcfaue (Supplemental features morphologic research ambiguous new has taxono- provide that of and species descriptions identification undescribed accurate for is more tool Bake-aomeeso) for useful name: information a se provide species. are could problematic pictures. study barcodes their mically this number and DNA the in specimens expand First, voucher obtained to opportunities. using necessary excluded. sequences by be reconfirmed be COI will easily is cannot it The be misidentification future, polymorphism can the and intraspecific that In morphologically, sequences detect. and similar reference to hybridization very difficult of of are are sequences possibility species misidentified the These Such but dataset. probable, our in highly 1912) Radcliffe, of studies sequences & barcoding COI DNA downloaded previous example, D in Myctophidae For misidentifications damaged fishes. the potential a deep-sea finding and identify of to deep-sea to traits contributes able identification of dataset were our damaged majority we Moreover, (e.g., the Indeed, identify stage). identifying to life for each hard as pairs. tool at are specimen species effective information almost that taxonomic an as specimens calculated of be were lack these 5% to resolve Kenchington than confirmed 2011; of which more 2%–3% Hanner, was (K2P) of fishes than & distances distances barcoding (Zhang genetic greater genetic study, level DNA used distance present species Therefore, studies the different genetic several In a a 2017). and at with al., differentiation conspecifics, et finding fishes than for congeners from criteria Japan be sequences as around to 2%–3% COI waters likely in of previously. more populations obtained much pairs Pacific were are northwestern that species or argued fish speices for deep-sea (2009) available of Ward not families these 62 including Taiwan, in southern species and 123 fishes from deep-sea sequences identify COI to barcoding COI of Availability Discussion the and haplotype from global sequences same COI among and distances nidae); K2P intraspecific dae): 1% than waters: less other kidae); showed and Ocean species Pacific 26 northwestern these of Six South and Ocean of Pacific lineage misidentification. northwestern one to that the indicated to in search close sympatrically BLAST cally distributed a are contrast, By lineages Africa. two and lineages, four Taiwan. south around [ patrically Ocean Atlantic northeastern the and (Centrophoridae)]. Ocean Pacific southeastern [ the between Oceans and Indian and [ Atlantic Ocean northwestern Atlantic northwestern the [ and Atlantic Australia North and Ocean other [ Pacific and Australia theastern Ocean follows: Pacific northwestern as the was between localities differentiation genetic the Moreover, (Peristediidae)]. 1844 aesi h otwsenPcfi ca trespecies: [three Ocean Pacific idae); northwestern the in waters and dae); dae); dae); species: dren 87fo h CIdtbs eeicue naTiaeelinage Taiwanese a in included were database NCBI the from 1887 ¨ oderlein, nioi capros Antigonia iecey parasitica Simenchelys aycplsobtusirostris Dasyscopelus antrostomus Idiacanthus etoeapterotum Benthosema huidssloani Chauliodus aaislicha Dalatias ahpiu longipinnis Bathophilus uetspretiosus Ruvettus ipu watasei Diaphus esoeu macrolepidotus Neoscopelus ipu garmani Diaphus Lw,14)(aria) n hs ewe h ot hn e n Japanese and Sea China South the between those and (Caproidae)] 1843) (Lowe, Bnaer,18)(Dalatiidae); 1788) (Bonnaterre, lc cnie,10 (Stomiidae); 1801 Schneider, & Bloch .pretiosus R. Acc,19)(ytpia) and (Myctophidae); 1890) (Alcock, il 89(Synaphobranchidae); 1879 Gill, Chlorophthalmus Splmna i.3). Fig. (Supplemental oc,13 Gmyia)(i.6adTbe3.Nt that Note 3). Table and 6 (Fig. (Gempylidae) 1833 Cocco, ibr,19 (Stomiidae); 1890 Gilbert, (T˚aning, (Myctophidae); 1928) Ppehi,11)(Stomiidae); 1914) (Pappenheim, esoeu microchir Neoscopelus totrsmolleri Etmopterus ibr,10 Mcohde a w ldsta eedsrbtdsym- distributed were that clades two had (Myctophidae) 1906 Gilbert, losae h aehpoyei h aicadAlni oceans. Atlantic and Pacific the in haplotype same the shared also hno,16 Nocplde,sgetn htti ih edue be might this that suggesting (Neoscopelidae), 1863 Jhonson, yahbacu kaupii Synaphobranchus oaatu chemnitzi Notacanthus suorai microdon Pseudotriakis p Clrptamde es aao(03 (Japane- (2013) Nakabo sensu (Chlorophthalmidae) 2 sp. rposrscouesii Cryptopsaras 4 Wily 99 Eootrde] ewe h nor- the between (Etomopteridae)], 1939) (Whitley, asbr,14 Nocplde a iie into divided was (Neoscopelidae) 1943 Matsubara, aycplsasper Dasyscopelus ootlsacer Homostolus aessquamulosus Zameus pgnsdenticulatus Epigonus htsoisguernei Photostomias ytpi rosea Cyttopsis oyheodsmarginatus Coryphaenoides eitdo orientale Peristedion .microchir N. tma affinis Stomias Boh 78 Ntcnhde] between (Notacanthidae)], 1788) (Bloch, Jhsn 82 (Synaphobranchidae)], 1862) (Johnson, Gl,18)(eaide] ewe the between (Ceratiidae)], 1883) (Gill, eBioCplo 88(Pseudotria- 1868 Capello, Brito de mt acie 93(Ophidi- 1913 Radcliffe, & Smith oyheodsmicrops Coryphaenoides Rcado,14)(Myctophi- 1845) (Richardson, Lw,14)(Parazenidae); 1843) (Lowe, (G nSuhArc a geneti- was Africa South in enacalcea Deania nhr 87 (Somniosi- 1877) unther, ¨ iued,15 (Epigo- 1950 Dieuzeide, G emnk&Schlegel, & Temminck nhr 87(Stomii- 1887 unther, ¨ olt,18 (Stomii- 1889 Collett, .licha D. tidcnr& Steindachner Lw,1839) (Lowe, hrdthe shared (Smith Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. eadeso hs ctps ihihigtene o N acdn fwdsra epsafihsi an in fishes deep-sea widespread of barcoding DNA flow. for gene differentiation need for genetic differentiation the barriers high population highlighting unknown or have species ecotypes, are to cryptic have these there found fishes of were deep-sea that some regardless study indicating that suggest this ecotype, results in Varela our of together, obsrved 2007; Taken regardless 2017). (Smith, species Priede, zones expected 19 2016; biogeographic been al., fishes the along not et However, demersal both have Baco 2012). fishes 1989; fishes, shelf al., (Merret, deep-sea deep-sea continental stage widespread et Many larval in upper structure. floating differentiation long that population genetic a undetermined Therefore, have suggest lineages an species, more results demersal or or and our two species showed pelagic and cryptic also several species split, contain seven genetic other might The intraspecific lineages analyses. high intraspecific genetic found on with we 2017). based them, al., species Among cryptic et namely, fishes. multiple Kenchington genetic demersal ecotypes, 2013; oceanic shelf (Gordeeva, two continental outer observed upper or/and in into been are inter classified Such species already other fishes. has be Eight mesopelagic fishes can were mesopelagic them differentiation in by of differentiation genetic Eleven divided demersal. intraspecific genetically and be high mesopelagic might have species. fishes, cryptic species 19 multiple These these include 2016; including could al., fishes, and et zones deep-sea (Bowen Atlantic and biogeographic Therefore, western Ocean marine 2017). and Pacific such al., northwestern Ocean boundaries the Pacific et biogeographic northwestern between Costello Pacific, the marine between eastern well-known and and along Most Pacific, Ocean 5). occurs southwestern Pacific (Fig. fishes northwestern worldwide the these differentiation between of genetic as differentiation high showed genetic that the fishes of deep- deep-sea widespread widespread 19 26 detected for We data sequence cryptic acquired of previously fishes presence and sea the data reveal our cryptic to between sympatric required Comparison fishes. are of deep-sea analyses existence three morphological the the and in suggesting species, genetic species two Further waters, suggests Taiwan the Japan. Japanese southern to in was around of Contrary species sharks the waters 4). sympatrically that deep-sea in (Fig. fact distributed in present the isolation period lineages differentiation also contrast, geographic glacial By is genetic after 2017). waters last that contact al., Japanese et suggested secondary the Walter in been during 2015; distributed and al., also predominantly isolation et species, lineage has geographic (Catarino shallow-water cycles the it of glacial-interglacial some Indeed, to by because for caused 2013). according arise reported al., species to been et cryptic inferred (Gang has were be differentiation differentiations 2012; genetic might (Dider, these Such lineages references Taiwan. current of These by southern lineages distinguished 4). and two be (Fig. cannot The they distance 2013). although Nakabo, K2P (2009), Ward of by proposed 2% criteria than more Ocean Pacific with northwestern the phantasma et in Chimaera Lavinia fishes 2002; deep-sea al., al., cryptic et et potential (Shearer (Sistron rates Three differentiation mutation morphological mtDNA) rapid the (or between 2019), COI hybridization 2016). al., slow scenarios: al., et or three Kwan 2019), of 1995; al., one Albarr´an-Lara et al., by 2012; et explained (Bernatchez be can species result two This (0.9%). levels mor- intraspecific differentiated very may have genus findings Although one differentiation; preliminary wheeleri in genetic provide species to could taxono- Indeed, compared biology. for barcoding evolutionary characteristics information DNA to phological new related our issues provide as Second, future such can species. to species barcoding lead rare rare DNA involve of Therefore, that specimens studies. problems additional taxonomic mic obtain to hinders difficult which be 2, can sp. It (2014). al. et Gomon of result, sequences a COI As the 1953. compared we study, mely, this In 2). Fig. .chemnitzi N. hoohhlu albatrossis Chlorophthalmus aegetydffrn opooia hrces(i.3,teritrpcfi 2 itne eeat were distances K2P interspecific their 3), (Fig. characters morphological different greatly have n ole ta.(07 n oeto ta.(07 losgetdta hsseishas species this that suggested also (2017) al. et Robertson and (2017) al. et Poulsen and , Chlorophthalmus , apdnmicrochir Harpadon odn&Sak,10,and 1904, Starks, & Jordan p a on ob eeial itntfo ognr ssgetdby suggested as congeners from distinct genetically be to found was 2 sp. .phantasma C. and , yaoo ventralis Pyramodon and 5 .microchir H. Chlorophthalmus hoohhlu nigromarginatus Chlorophthalmus lotcrepn owtr nJapan in waters to correspond almost etcrsjaponicus Pentaceros hwdtoitapcfi lineages intraspecific two showed p ihcnee pce,na- species, congener with 2 sp. .ventralis P. Chlorophthalmus and hwdtwo showed Kamohara, Pentaceros Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. otlo .A,Ta,P,Wn,P . hug .K . ahr .&Caday .(07.Marine (2017). C. Chaudhary, & A. Basher, L., K. A. Cheung, (2015). S., P. S. endemicity. shark Wong, species deep-sea Sergo, P., and global . realms a . Tsai, . in biogeographic A., isolation G., promoting M. Menezes, flow Costello, E., gene P. to barrier Jorde, bathymetric M., a E. as ( National Hercules Olsen, the of Ver´ıssimo, A., of Pillars H., Proceedings Toonen,The 113. Knutsen, W., America, planet. Grant, of D., ocean Stewart States the Catarino, R., United of K. phylogeography the Andrews, Comparative of M., (2016). Sciences Iacchei, Lins, C. of D., J. Academy J. Briggs, . DiBattista, & . . W., J. R. R. N., in Gaither, Johannsen, Progress W., A., B. macrofauna. Bowen, O. deep-sea Golovan, Ocean B Pacific M., la˙zewicz, Northwestern N., 1–10. of Brenke, 176, zonation Arc- S., Depth of Brix, (2019). fixation I., L. and Alalykina, Introgression A., (1995). Brandt, G. R. Danzmann, & of fontinalis C. synthesis C. ( A char Wilson, 2016. tic H., P. B. Glemet, design. Kinlan, L., reserve & Bernatchez, marine P. for der,Beerli, von implications S. and collaboration. Heyden, fauna A., 3276–3298. database deep-sea P. in sequence J.,Ribeiro, connectivity R. nucleotide genetic Etter. international R., The A. Baco, (2020). I. Research Acids Karsch-Mizrachi, Nucleic & Davila- M. ecologically F., and P. Arita, morphologically two Gugger, between M., differentiation oaks. genetic J. Low Mexican Penaloza-Ramirez, giant-leaved (2019). H., distinct K. Caron, Oyama, A., & D. Kremer, P. Aranda, J., A. Petit, L., Albarr´an-Lara, A. Society, (29-304). Fellowship Science Research Japan assi- The Overseas Reference curatorial from JSPS Grant for Daiga- Marine and Research History Fellows, and of Scientific Natural Sasakawa JSPS Museum Kato, the of for by National Museum Noeru Grant-in-Aid supported of Prefecture Kato, was Kanagawa Members work Shuya of This specimens. Members thank stance. making and also and Aquarium, We sampling & collections. our Biology sample supporting (Dong-gang for Fang supporting Fujikawa, Z.-Y. the ku Yamamaru), (Ltd. Wakuda for Yoneki Katase port Market) Yumi cooperative), and Fish fishing fisheries Ryoichi Yamamaru) (Ishinoamki (Ltd. (Maisaka port), Matushita Katase fishing Yuichi Ryosuke Suzuki (Hiratsuka (Kyoei-maru), market), Fushiguro Suzu- Shigenori port Tetsuji Naomitsu fishing port), Agency), (Maisaka University), Research Ohta fishing (Kochi (Fisheries Makoto (Ishinomaki Suzuki Sato Usui, Shigenori Sasaki Mao Katunori market), Technology), Shigeki Ujihara, Science Ichiro (Daigo-taisei-maru), Marine (Izodado), ki Yuji of Ishida University Uoken), (Tokyo (Ltd. Yasuda ecological Sakurai and Futa taxonomical acknowledge We on zone. focus shelf-break there the yet should on activities, research human fishes Future Acknowledgments of demersal ecology. this effects and genetic the in fishes their to mesopelagic conducted susceptible on of as are which studies studies m, fishes, barcoding, few 1000 Deep-sea DNA very than unknown. shallower are Therefore, previously waters was and limited. in that sharks distributed are information three are ecological Certainly, fishes important 2015). deep-sea provide al., might widespread et migration study, low Catarino these high Such 2012; their of by 6). al., studies caused et (Fig. Varela be differentiation 2007; to pretiosus genetic suggested (Smith, intraspecific R. been lifespan low has long showed worldwide or species fishes ability 6 deep-sea in species, differentiation 19 genetic these to contrast In framework. international etocmu coelolepis Centroscymnus avlnsalpinus Salvelinus ). r otlkl ohv ihsimn blt n a efr ag irtos Ecological migrations. large perform may and ability swimming high have to likely most are aainJunlo ihre n qai Sciences Aquatic and Fisheries of Journal Canadian gkaa967. , ). iohnra eoei nalpti ouaino ro ru ( trout brook of population allopatric an in genome mitochondrial ) oeua Ecology Molecular ln ytmtc n Evolution and Systematics Plant aueCommunications Nature 4 6061–6079. 24, , 6 2 179–185. 52, , 0,89–101. 305, , ,1057. 8, , oeua Ecology Molecular Oceanography Salvelinus 25: , , Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ert .R 18) h lsv arui lvnadisseiglc fptnili otiuigto contributing in potential of lack seeming Calibrating its (2015). and A. alevin D. macrourid fishes. Lijtmaer, elusive gadiform & of The systematics N., (1989). birds. interfamilial in D. R. COI P. N. of Hebert, rate in- Merret, evolutionary L., mitochondrial the P. Bidirectional assessing Tubaro, b: (2019). R., cytochrome J. Biology beyond C. Y. clock K. Won, molecular Kerr, the & D., J., hybrids. P. H. hybridogenetic Lavinia, Kim, by S., mediated Y. fish Evolutionary Jeon, cobitid Molecular 1244–1254. H., X: Korean M. MEGA between Ko, (2018). trogression K. S., Tamura, Y. biodi- & Kwan, in C. platforms. barcoding Knyaz, computing DNA L., across of Michael, Analysis utility G., Genetics the Stecher, on S., review Kumar, critical A (2012). A. R. conservation. 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University Tokai Hanner, In, & edition. 1885. fishes. J.-B. third Zhang, 543, and species, Pp. the birds Chaunacidae. to of keys (2013). genera pictorial N. with Yanagimoto, and & species U. among Yamada, Australia’s divergence barcoding DNA barcode (2005). DNA N. Resources D. (2009). Ecology P. D., Hebert, & R. R. Ward, P. Last, H., B. Innes, species, S., fish T. Zemlak, D., R. 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(Pentacerotidae), Molecular B . Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. genetic-diversity-in-deep-sea-fishes deep-sea-fishes-from-the-northwestern-pacific-ocean-a-resource-for-identifying-hidden- image3.emf file Hosted genetic-diversity-in-deep-sea-fishes deep-sea-fishes-from-the-northwestern-pacific-ocean-a-resource-for-identifying-hidden- image2.emf file Hosted vial at available at available https://authorea.com/users/403597/articles/515006-dna-barcoding-of- https://authorea.com/users/403597/articles/515006-dna-barcoding-of- 10 Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 11 Posted on Authorea 23 Mar 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161651871.11985832/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 12