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Bob Mwangala .Pdf COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT: A CASE STUDY OF BATOKA GORGE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECT by Bob Biemba Mwangala A thesis submitted to School of Business and Information Technology, Cavendish University Zambia in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Master of Science in Project Management CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA (CUZ) LUSAKA 2020 1 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I Bob Biemba Mwangala, confirm that this work submitted for assessment is my own and is expressed in my own words. Any uses made within it of the works of other authors in any form (e.g. ideas, equations, figures, text, tables, programmes) are properly acknowledged at the point of their use. A full list of the references employed has been included. Signed: Date: October 2020 i APPROVAL This Dissertation of Bob Biemba Mwangala is approved as fulfilling the requirement of the Degree for the Master of Science in Project Management by Cavendish University Zambia Examiner 1 Name:…………………… Signature:……………….. Date:…………. Examiner 2 Name:………………….. Signature:………………… Date…………… Examiner 3 Name:…………………. Signature:………………… Date…………… Chairperson Name:……………………. Signature:………………… Date:……………. Supervisor Name:…………………… Signature:………………… Date:……………. ii ABSTRACT Despite extensive discussion in the literature about the socio-economic impacts of hydropower development on surrounding communities, there is a lack of quantitative studies that look at impacts over extended periods of time after project completion. What has been documented is the immediate benefits that are derived based on the principal of identification and compensation. A detailed study of the proposed Batoka Hydroelectric power station to enhance community development was carried out based on secondary data which includes all recent available reports from various sources such as periodicals, journals, media reports, official reports of the Zambian government, consultancy agencies involved and their reports, their websites. Informal discussions in various sessions with people either involved in the project or influenced by the project were held. However, the positive picture depicted on community development are short lived. The results suggest that, justifications for hydropower projects community development based on local long-term economic and social development should be questioned, and that more effective mechanisms for turning local short-term economic growth into long-term development are needed if sustainable community development is to be achieved. This mechanism may include a detailed benefits-sharing mechanism, partnerships of the project with the community. The findings of this research can be used in many other development projects that require the involvement of the local community. Keywords: Community Development, Hydro-electric Power Station, Participation iii DEDICATION To my late Mum, Edith Ngambo Somili, you should have been here to see the beginning of more things to come. … You have made me reach this far! iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I wish to thank my God and Creator for His mercies that are ‘new every morning.’ I am immensely grateful to the entire Academic Staff at Cavendish University Zambia for their valuable guidance in all my studies. I sincerely thank my supervisor, Mr Lee Mahlangu who had been quite patient with me and diligently guided the current study. His advice at all stages of this thesis have been invaluable. Special thanks also go to my employers, the Zambezi River Authority for the permission to use the data in my dissertation, my colleagues at work for that valuable advice you gave me, not forgetting Engineer Samuel Mwale for your input in this study. Lastly, but by no means the least, I wish to thank my dear wife, Racheal and the entire Mwangala “Kingdom” for their moral support and patience during the long hours spent with books in their stead. Opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed, and any errors contained in this Thesis are solely mine. v TABLE OF CONTENTS COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ......................................................................................... i APPROVAL ....................................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... ix ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Research questions .................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Significance of the study ........................................................................................... 4 1.6 Dissertation layout .................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 6 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Community Development ......................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Empowerment .................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Character and Appearance ................................................................................. 7 2.2.3 Inclusion and Diversity ...................................................................................... 7 2.2.4 Planning and Preparation ................................................................................... 8 2.2.5 Collaboration and Participation ......................................................................... 8 2.2.6 Awareness .......................................................................................................... 9 2.2.7 Transparency and Trust ...................................................................................... 9 2.3 Sustainable Community Development ................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Benefits of Sustainable community Development ........................................... 10 2.4 Hydroelectric Infrastructure Lead Community Development ................................ 12 2.5 Research Variables Arising from Theoretical Framework ..................................... 13 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN ..................................... 14 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 14 3.2 Research Approach ................................................................................................. 14 3.3 Research Strategy .................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Research Methodology ........................................................................................... 17 3.5 Sampling Frame ...................................................................................................... 18 3.6 Sampling size and Techniques ................................................................................ 19 3.7 Data Collection Techniques .................................................................................... 19 3.8 Data analysis ........................................................................................................... 20 3.9 Ethical considerations ............................................................................................. 20 CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS ............................................................ 21 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 21 4.2 Governance and Administration ......................................................................... 21 4.2.1 Development Policy and Planning ................................................................... 22 4.3 Demographics and Growth ................................................................................. 24 vi 4.3.1 Local Level Population Data ...................................................................... 25 4.4 Land Tenure and Ownership .............................................................................. 26 4.5 Livelihoods and Socio-Economics ..................................................................... 27 4.6 Housing .............................................................................................................
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