Bidar Introduction.Pdf
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1 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The Bidar Project was a combination of knowledge, discovery, adventure and a wonderful experience. This project was successful under the guidance of Vinay Malge, Convenor, @ Team YUVVA NGO; Bidar.Sir was always there with us throughout our journey and helped us to gain knowledge about the tour. We also came through many conservation methods to protect our heritage under his guidance and highly impressed of his teachings and imparting knowledge. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to our Principal Mrs. Laxmi Inchal for giving us the golden opportunity to visit Bidar and explore the heritage sites. I am also thankful for my colleagues (Sunita K and Mahesh D) who accompanied us. This project was successful and possible only because of the curiosity to explore, understanding and cooperating behavior of the students. SUMITRA G. DAWALE (Social Science Teacher) BA, B.Ed, M.Ed. 3 OBJECTIVES We plan to create awareness to protect heritage sites and be a responsible citizen of the society. We aim to develop interest, love and sense curiosity in social science. We aim to provide equal opportunity of learning different levels of achievers in the classroom through the slogan ‘Right to Participate’. We aim to develop speaking skills by interacting with other people in different places. To inculcate good moral values, we will motivate the children to actively participate in social activities and study tours. 4 Evolution of human consciousness is a continuous process. Hence History here serves as a laboratory and the past serves as a demarcation to understand the regional laws and social structures. This understanding helps us in our progress towards an ideal society. We are not born capable of judging fairly and wisely, however, learning about various cultures helps us be a good global citizen and improve our critical and analytical thinking. Every historical site has an important story to tell and these stories have inspired many people to strengthen their convictions and commitment to fight injustice and oppression. Bidar in northeast Karnataka was one of the best Deccan courts. The city was the vibrant capital of later Bahmani rulers and subsequently the Barid Shahi rulers in early 15th and 16th centuries AD. The city’s Islamic buildings show a great degree of fusion of local and Persian styles. Bidar is an important historical town. This small town was once the capital of the erstwhile Bahamani Kingdom (1347-1526) in the medieval period. A number of historical monuments dating back to 15th century can be found here. These monuments reflect the glory of the Bahamani rulers. Apart from history, the refreshing environment of Bidar attracts travellers. Bidar is the hilltop city in the north-eastern part of Karnataka state in India. It is rapidly urbanising city. The city is well known for its many sites of architectural, historical and religious importance. Even though it has been neglected by the government for a long time the city has a prominent place on the Archaeological Map of India. Due to the number of monuments and tombs present in and around Bidar has got its nickname as “The City Of Wispering Monuments”. The heritage sites in and around Bidar have become the major attraction for film shooting in recent years with kannada film industry along with bollywood. Bidar is home for the second biggest Indian Air Force training centre in our country. Bidar city is known for its bidri handicraft products and rich heritage. Bidar is also considered as the holiest place for Sikh pilgrimage. Bidar is one of the best tourist place. 5 6 BIDAR FORT The construction of the Bidar Fort was the first project undertaken by Ahmed Shah Wali. The irregular rhomboid shaped fort was built in between 1429 and 1432 AD by engineers and architects of various countries. The massive walls of the fort were defended by a triple moat, a special feature of Bidar Fort. The fort was approached through a series of gates; out of which the two prominent were the Sharaza Darwaza and Gumbad Darwaza. The Gumbad Darwaza is an important landmark in the history of Deccan architecture. Persian influence is noticeable in the pointed outer arch. 7 TARKASH MAHAL The name Tarkash probably is given because the monument was built for the Turkish wife of the king, but a general conventionality is observed in giving names to the royal buildings. The names Tarkash Mahal and Gagan Mahal are mentioned in records of kingdoms like Bijapur and Golkonda as well. The rulers of the contemporary dynasties vied with one another in the glory of the architectural works and chose to have the same names for their palaces. The Tarkash Mahal at Bidar may have originally built by the Bahmanis but the upper parts are definitely built during the Baridi rule (the decorative emblem of the Baridi Kingdom is to be seen in the upper levels of the building).There are smaller rooms on either side of the middle hall which was once decorated with encaustic tiles of which, we can still find some traces. 8 RANGIN MAHAL The Rangin Mahal positioned near the Gumbad Gate, is one of the best-preserved sites in Bidar Fort. Rangin Mahal was constructed during the reign of King Ali Barid Shah of Baridshahi dynasty (1542 - 1580). Ali Barid Shah was a great patron of Persian poetry and art. Rangin Mahal literally means 'Colored Palace' and this name was apparently given to it on account of its walls being originally decorated with tiles of different hues, traces of which still exist. The design of the Rangin Mahal represents the blend of the both Hindu and Muslim architectures. The palace has two floors consisting of a hall with rooms. The Mahal features five-bay hall that comprises of carved wood columns in rectangular form. The columns have elaborate capitals and intricately carved brackets. Inside the Mahal, there is an entrance to the inner rooms that has a frame of multi-colored tile work. Above the entrance arch, verses from Quran have been inscribed. The inner chambers have more tile work and mother-of-pearl inlay work, mainly around the entrances and on a panel along the base of the walls. In the basement of the Rangin Mahal there is a series of rooms, which were apparently occupied by guards and the servants of the palace. 9 LARGEST CANON OF KARNATAKA The cannon were originally mounted on a swivel mechanism which allowed the gunners to adjust its direction and trajectory. The massive turret on which it’s positioned has lock walls which prevent the cannon to be turned towards the fort itself. The gun was operated by trained crew, may a dozen or more crew to handle ammunition. Gunpowder and cannon balls, fix the wick. Pounders to fill in gunpowder and bal Experts to position the gun to its target and finally the fireman. Once the cannon is ready to fire, the crew would clear off the turret only the fireman would remain. The fireman would light the wick and lower himself into a water tank and remain submerged several seconds after the firing. Reason to remain submerged in water is to escape heat, noise and shock was generated during firing. It was a tough job! 10 TAKHT MAHAL The Takht Mahal constructed by Ahmed Shah Wali as his royal palace was known for its majestic audience hall. It is now in a total ruin. Once the palace had housed the splendid turquoise throne of Bahmani kings. Throne of the king 11 The monuments would perish within weeks or months and would soon turn into a playground for people to play and enjoy. Persian influence, art, architecture and the beauty of the monuments were preserved and protected in the right way. Tourists and locals have to be informed about the causes or damage about the monuments in the past. They should be informed and taught about the preservation of the monuments. We the students of love Dale Central School are happy to know the huge history of Bidar and appreciate the most beautiful work of art we have ever seen! MAHMUD GAWAN MADRASA 12 Bidar is the hilltop city in the north-eastern part of Karnataka state in India. It is rapidly urbanizing city. The city is well known for its many sites of architectural, historical and religious importance. Even though it has been neglected by the government for a long time the city has a prominent place on the Archaeological Map of India. Due to the number of monuments and tombs present in and around Bidar has got its nickname as “The City Of Whispering Monuments”. Ala-ud-Din Bahaman Shah was the first Bahamani sultanate of the Bahamani dynasty. He shifted his capital from Gulbarga to Bidar because of its better climatic conditions. Bidar was under the rule of Bahamani kings until the conquest of Bijapur sultanate. Mahumud Gawan was the prime minister in the Bahamani sultanate of Deccan. He had come to Bidar as a horse trader. But as he was well-versed in Islamic technology, Persian language and mathemeatics and was a poet, he was able to gain the confidence and trust of rulers as well as locals. Mahumud Gawan built the great Islamic university in Bidar which is known as Mahumud Gawan Madrasa. It was built in 1470s. This Madrasa had a 242 ft length, 222ft width and 56ft three-storied building with a monumental minaret, a mosque, labs, lecture halls and students cells overlooks an immense courtyard with arches on every side giving it a graceful facade. This Madrasa was once a major centre for learning, with free accommodation for about 1000 students many whom came here from abroad to study theology, philosophy, astronomy, mathematics Arabic or Persian.