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Från Runor Till Radiovågor Radiovågor Till Runor Från Från runor till radiovågor Från HISTORIEN OM KISTA SCIENCE CITY Inger Björklind Bengtsson Anders Anjou Åsa Waldton Från runor till radiovågor runor radiovågor till Från Från runor till radiovågor Historien om Kista Science City BOKEN samlar historia om Kista i Igelbäcksdalen. Här hade en gång vikingarna ett starkt fäste. Här föddes global mobiltelefoni tusen år senare. IBM och Ericsson var pionjärer. De drog till sig andra företag inom data och telekommunikation samtidigt som elektroniken började sitt segertåg. Mobiltelefoni från Sverige skulle förändra världen. Att bygga Kista växte till en rörelse och eldsjälar klev in på arenan: företagsledare, professorer, akademiker, ingenjörer, politiker, stadsbyggare, fastighetägare, byggherrar, arkitekter, anställda, studenter... Tillsammans med omgivande kommuner har de bidragit till att Kista vuxit till en vetenskapsstad – Kista Science City – en av världens främsta IT-noder. Här är tempot högt. Inte bara forskare och studenter inom akademi och industri är engagerade i utvecklingen av det digitala samhället, utan även unga boende liksom nyfikna inom olika verksamheter. En mångfald innovationer skapas i korsningen mellan konst, vetenskap och kultur. Idéer uppstår ofta av en tillfällighet, s.k. »accidental learning«, då människor, konst, kultur och vetenskap av en händelse möts på samma plats. Sveriges idoler i framtiden är unga, smarta, svenska, uppfinnare! Foto: Wingårdh Arkitekter AB Victoria Tower – Kistas nyaste glittrande symbol kommer att synas vida omkring och dominera Stockholms och Kista Science Citys skyline. Upplevelsen blir stark, inte minst för trafikanter som färdas sträckan Uppsala–Arlanda–Kista–Stockholm. Tornet uppförs intill Kistamässan och ska inrymma hotell och kontor. Invigning sker hösten 2011. Arkitekt är Wingårdh Arkitekter AB. Från runor till radiovågor HISTORIEN OM KISTA SCIENCE CITY BOKEN HAR TILLKOMMIT TACK VARE BIDRAG FRÅN Akademiska Hus AP Fastigheter Brostaden Diligentia Drott Ericsson Eurodis Fabege AB IBM Infineon Technologies Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, Stockholms universitet Kista Galleria Kista Science City AB Kista Science City Fastighetsägare KTH LjungbergGruppen/Atrium Ljungberg NCC Niam Fund Philips Skanska Sweco Theorells Stockholm Business Region Svenska Bostäder TagMaster Tieto Enator Vasakronan Wihlborgs VINNOVA Boken tilldelades Olle Engkvist-priset 2005 4 Från runor till radiovågor HISTORIEN OM KISTA SCIENCE CITY Bo- ken om Kistaovå- gor »En berättelse om hur enskilda eldsjälar tagit sig an ett samhällsbygge som låtit Sverige göra ett tillväxtsprång inom data och telekom« Competence, Boen år 2005 5 ISBN 978-91-981809-1-6 © Inger Björklind Bengtsson, förutom angivna bildrätter Utgivare: Anna Ma Media Text & Layout: Inger Björklind Bengtsson Form: Åsa Waldton Foto: Anders Anjou, där inget annat anges. Denna version trycktes i flexband på Elanders Fälth & Hässler i augusti 2011: Från runor till radiovågor. Historien om Kista Science City Smärre uppdateringar 2018 för eboken. Ebok utgiven i september 2018 av Anna Ma Media, Stockholm 6 Förord 7 Inledning 9 Vattenvägen blev en bäck 17 Kista gav Stockholm framtidstro 37 Optimismen stor i Sveriges Silicon Valley 51 Kista Science Park världens trådlösa centrum 85 Från ABC-område till en stad i staden 113 IBM, Telia och Ericsson – det intelligenta samhället runt hörnet 173 Giganterna och företagen runt giganterna 213 Intelligent kulturskapare i Uppland 245 Det nya internationella Stockholm 253 Företagen i Kista Science City 2009 292 Bildleverantörer 294 Person-, företags-, organisations- och platsregister 295 Källhänvisningar 300 Minibiografier 301 7 Boken är tillägnad Kista 8 FÖrord BOKEN OM KISTA SCIENCE CITY berättar en historia om 35 års nytänkande, modiga beslut och samverkan mellan näringslivet, akademin, forsknings- institutioner och Stockholm stad. Kista Science City är Stockholms kraftigaste tillväxtmotor. Genom sin koncentration av ett kunskapsintensivt näringsliv i världsklass, spets inom forskning och utbildning samt en levande stad har Kista Science City befäst sin plats på kartan som ett av de främsta internationella klustren inom ICT. I början av 2000-talet gick näringslivet, akademin och Stockholms stad samman kring en gemensam vision för att utveckla Kista från en »science park« till just Kista Science City – en stad med stadens alla beståndsdelar. Tillsammans byggde vi vidare på Kistas innovationskraft de senaste 35 åren. Nyckeln till Kista Science Citys framgång är samverkan. Ett tidigt exempel på framgångsrik samverkan i Kista var när de nordiska televerken skapade global mobiltelefoni (NMT) och leverantören LM Ericsson utvecklade, tack vare NMT-konceptet, mobiltelefonin. Här lades grunden för människor att komma närmare varandra globalt, oavsett land och kultur. Den höga andelen tjänsteföretag, hög kompetens och förstklassisk utbildning och forskning är tillsammans med stadens satsningar på att utveckla Kista Science City, starkt bidragande till Stockholms stabila tillväxt. Kista utvecklas ständigt med nya bostäder, ny infrastruktur och mötes- platser som torg, handel, hotell och besöksattraktioner. En stad blir levande när människor möts – planerat och oplanerat. I Kista Science City finns särskilt goda förutsättningar för spännande möten med den höga densiteten av företag, anställda, högkvalificerade forskare i världen, studenter, boende och besökare. Allt inom gångavstånd. Det är genom samverkan – på alla nivåer och inom alla områden – som Kista Science City fortsätter att utvecklas till sin fulla potential. Med spetsutveckling inom näringslivet, stadens satsningar på bredbands- utbyggnad och e-tjänsteprogram, invånare som internationellt sett betraktas som »early adopters« får Stockholm utmärkelser som ständigt visar på hög livskvalitet. Här kan nämnas Intelligent Community of the Year (2009) och The First Green Capital of the Year (2010). Välkommen att ta del av framgångssagan Kista Science City och att läsa om framtidens stad! Sten Nordin Finansborgarråd i Stockholms stad 9 10 INLEDNING – intelligenta kista SCIENCE CITY »Människans kunskap ska höjas med hjälp av teknik och så ska ett större värde tillföras samhället« Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) DET VILAR EN magisk kraft över vetenskapsstaden Kista Science City! Här utvecklas informationstekniken (IT) och i synnerhet den mobila kommunika- tionstekniken i en hisnande förändringstakt. Besökare får möjlighet att testa och uppleva världens skarpaste och mest verklighetsnära mobila tjänster och delta i den mobila utvecklingen. Du må vara svensk, tysk, japan, kines, ameri- kan eller kuban; tanken är att den mångkulturella vetenskapsstaden ska han- tera många språk. För drygt tusen år sedan byggde vikingar bostäder här i den bördiga Igelbäcks dalen på Järvafältet; de kommunicerade med omvärlden via sina run- stenar. På samma plats har den moderna kommunikationstekniken slagit rot och radiovågor är det bärande mediet. Kista är en av de självklara noderna i den globala IT-utvecklingen och strategin är att fullborda en vetenskapsstad. Äventyret i modern tid började i slutet av 70-talet. Militären som exercerat på fältet hade flyttat till Kungsängen och den siste lantbrukaren hade lagt ner spaden. Nu byggdes bostäder och industrier; IBM och Ericsson slog sig ner i Kista. Internationella storföretag flyttade efter: amerikanska Hewlett-Pack- ard, Sun, Intel, Apple, Microsoft, europeiska Bosch, Siemens, Philips, nordiska Nokia, japanska Yokogawa, kinesiska Huawei och ZTE ... och efter dem inno- vativa företag med bredd, varav många underleverantörer. Erövringståget inom data och mobiltelefoni drog ut över världen. Forsk- ningsinstitut och högskoleutbildningar flyttade in i Electrum, som blev ett nytt centrum för IT-forskning och utbildning i Sverige. Internet, datorer och mobil- telefoner blev människans rättighet liksom tidigare fasta telefoner, flyg, båtar och tåg. Den nya tekniken gav oss möjlighet att närma oss varandra över lands- och kulturgränser på ett alldeles nytt sätt. Att just Kista i Sverige blivit ett globalt centrum för informationsteknologi och mobilteknologi är kommunikationshistoriskt sett ett märkligt sammanträf- fande: För mer än hundratrettio år sedan satsade Lars Magnus Ericsson först Bild motstående sida av alla i världen på att konstruera telefoner för just vardagsmänniskan. Första År 1981 bygger Tage Ljungberg och Skanska en stor tegelfastighet telefonerna var klara 1878. Utvecklingen gick hand i hand med H.T. Ceder- i kvarteret Skalholt. Robert Bosch grens grundande av Stockholms Allmänna Telefonaktiebolag (SAT). Cedergren har börjat planera sitt huvudkontor ville ge »en telefon till varje stockholmare«. Ett samarbete mellan Ericsson och (1982) vid Isafjordsgatan och dåvarande Klövern ska (1985) Cedergren ledde till att Stockholm år 1885 hade fler telefoner än någon annan uppföra ett helt hus åt Tillquist stad i världen. Process i hörnet Isafjordsgatan– Cirka hundra år senare skapade de nordiska televerken global mobiltelefoni Färögatan. Övriga byggnader är Rifa, SRA, första kontorshotellet (NMT) och leverantören LM Ericsson utvecklade, tack vare NMT-konceptet, längs Kistagången (mitt emot SRA), mobiltelefoni för alla och envar. Startskottet för global mobiltelefoni fyrades Ohlsson & Skarnes rosa industri- av i Kista. Mobiltelefonins vagga ligger faktiskt i Igelbäcksdalen! byggnader längs Torshamnsgatan samt Agfa Gevaerts anläggning, Stadsbyggare, politiker, fastighetsbolag och byggherrar har drivit utveck- nuvarande Kistamässan. lingen av samhället Kista.
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