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Luna County, New Mexico

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Luna County, New Mexico DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Bulletin 618 GEOLOGY AND UNDERGROUND WATER OF LUNA COUNTY, NEW MEXICO BY N. H. DARTON WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 -0 O CONTENTS. Page. Preface, by F. L. Ransome__________________________ 9 Introduction _____ 11 Topography ___________________________________1 12 Mountains and ridges____ _ ___________ 12 Bolsons___ _ ______ 13 Drainage________ _ _ __ 14 Climate_______________J___-__________________ 15 Geology________ -______- ______ 18 General relations____ _ ______ ___________ 18 The rocks____ _ 19 Pre-Cambrian rocks__________________________ 19 General character__________._______________ 19 . Distribution______ ___________________ 20 Relations and age 20 Petrography, by John L. Rich __ 21 Cambrian system __ ______ 23 Bliss sandstone___ _ __________________ 23 Distribution and relations.- _ _ _______ 23 Age and correlation_____________________ 24 Ordovician system __ 25 Classification______ ________________ 25 El Paso limestone _ ___________ 25 Distribution and character_____________:__ 25 Fossils and correlation _____ __ ________ 27 Montoya limestone_'. _ _ ______ ___ 27 Occurrence___ ___________________ 27 Fossils and correlation___________________ 30 Silurian system_______ __ _ _________________ 30 Fusselman limestone . , ___ 30 Distribution and character _ _______ 30 Fossils and correlation___________________ 31 Devonian system ___ _ _____ ______;________ 31 Percha shale _ _ 31 Carboniferous system____ ^________________ 32 Classification___:________________________ 32 Lake Valley limestone ______________________ 32 Distribution and character ___________ 32 Fossils and i correlation.___________________ 34 Magdalena formation _________________________ 34 Character and occurrence _ _ _______ 34 Fossils and correlation __________ 35 Gym limestone _ !__ _ _ _ 35 Distribution, name, and relations _ _ ______ 35 Character and local features _ _ ______ 36 Fossils and correlation.-_________________ 38 3 4 CONTENTS. Geology Continued. The rocks Continued. Page. Triassic (?) system___ __________..__________ 39 Lobo formation_ _________'_____________ 39 Relations and name___________0_________ 39 Distribution__'.________________________ 39 Character and thickness__________________ 40 Age and correlation_____________________ 41 Cretaceous system ___________________________ 41 Classification____________________________ 41 Limestone of Comanche age__________________ 42 Character and relations__________________ 42 Fossils and age_______________________ 42 Sarten sandstone_________________________ 43 Occurrence and relations______ .__________ 43 Character, and thickness__________________ . 43 Fossils and correlation____,______________ 43 Colorado shale___________________________ 44 Distribution_______..________________ 44 Character and relations __________________ 44 Fossils and age________________________ 45 Tertiary system_____ __ ____:______ 45 Agglomerate and associated rocks________________ 45 Character and relations__________________ 45 Distribution ___ _ _ _____ __ 46 Local features_'._____________________________:____ 46 Age ______ _________ 50 Quaternary system___ ______ _________ 50 Bolson deposits___ ; 50 Cenozoic igneous rocks 51 Character and age_ 51 Early Tertiary igneous rocks__ _ _ _ 52 Quartz monzonite porphyry and sodic granite porphyry- 52 Distribution_______________:_________ 52 Character __________________ _______ 52 Petrography __________ _ ______ 52 Granite porphyry __ _ 54 Occurrence __ _____ _ _ _ _ 54 Petrography ________ _ 54 Later Tertiary igneous rocks _ _ 55 General relations- _ -____________________ 55 Quartz latite________ __ _ _____ 56 Relations and character______:_________ 56 Distribution__________ _ ___________ 56 Petrography _ _ 57 Andesite ___ _ .. 58 Character and occurrence _ ____ __ 58 Petrography __ . 59 Quartz basalt . 59 Distribution and character- ___. _ 59 Petrography ---- 60 CONTENTS. 5 Geology Continued. The rocks Continued. Cenozoic igneous rocks Continued. Later Tertiary igneous rocks Continued. Page, Keratophyre ____________________ 61 Distribution and relations______________ 61 Character _ __________________ 61 Petrography ___________________ 62 Rhyolite ___________________________ 62 Distribution and relations_____________ 62 Character _______________________ 63 Petrography .-^.__.___ ___._____.. _ 63 Felsitic rhyolite- _ 64 Distribution_______________________ 64 Relations _-______. ___________ 64 Character _ ____-j ________ 64 Petrography ______________________ 65 Rhyolite porphyry________________ 65 Quartz diorite__ _____________________ 66 Quaternary igneous rocks____________________ 66 o Basalt _________________________ ___ 66 Distribution and relations_______________ 66 Petrography ___:__________ 67 Structural geology ___ __________ 68 General features____________________..____ 68 Cooks Range______________________________ 68 Subdivisions___________._______________ 68 Mountains and ridges west of the great fault_________ 68 Agglomerate and igneous area east of the great fault____ 71 Florida Mountains___:_______________________ 73 General structure_________________________ 73 Flexures ______________________________ 73 Faults ________________________________ 73 Little Florida Mountains_______________________ 77 Tres Hermanas Mountains________________________ 79 Victorio Mountains ___________________________ 83 Fluorite Ridge ____________..________________ 85 Pony Hills__________________________________ 88 Goat Ridge________________________________ 89 Goodsight Mountains____________:____________ 89 Red Mountain______________________________ 90 Black Mountain _____________________________ 90 Snake Hills _______________________________ 91 Klondike Hills______________________________ 92 Cedar Grove Mountains_______________________ 93 Carrizalillo Hills ____________________________ 94 Sierra Rica_______________1_________________________ 94 Grandmother Mountains___~__1__________________ 95 Cow Cone and Cow Spring Hills region_____:__________ 95 Arena Hills __:_____________________i__________ 96 Burdick Hills_______________________________ 97 Midway Buttes________________________;_:___ 97 6 CONTENTS. Geology Continued. page. Geologic history_______________________________ 97 General sedimentary record____________________ 97 Cambrian submergence __________:___________ 98 Ordovician and Silurian conditions_. _______________ 99 Devonian conditions _________________________ 99 Carboniferous sea __________________,_______ 99 Early Mesozoic conditions______________________ 100 Cretaceous seas__._________________________ 100 Tertiary deposition, volcanism, and uplift______________ 101 Quaternary valley filling_______________________ 101 Mineral resources __________.._________________1_ 102 Scope of observations_________________________:__ 102 Metals ____________________________________ 102 Cooks Peak district____________________'.__________ 102 Victorio district_____________________________ 103 Tres Hermanas Mountains ____________________ 105 Carrizalillo Hills____________________________ 106 Sierra Rica_______________________________ 106 Florida Mountains___________________________ 107 Fluorite______________________________ _____ 108 Marble_______________________________ .________ 109 Onyx________________________________________ 109 Building stone_________________________________ 110 Limestone________________________-____ - 110 Brick clay___________________________________ 110 Road metal _________________________________ 110 Guano ________________________ _ 111 Garnet___________._____________________ - 111 Water resources_______________________________ 111 Streams________________________i________- 111 Springs _____________________________________ 113 Underground water_______ _____ 114 General conditions________________________ _ 114 Extent of the water-bearing strata______ ____ _ 115 Source of the underground water _ 115 Thickness of water-bearing beds___________________ 117 Volume of underground water ____ 120 Gradient and rate of underflow______________ _ 121 Gradient ___________________________ 121 Movement________________ 122 Depletion of water supply-________:_____________ 122 Quality of the water____________________ 124 Wells_______________________________-__ 125 T. 23 S., R. 8 W_________________________-_ 126 T, 23 S., R. 9 W__________________________ 128 T. 24 S., R. 8 W__"________________________ 129 T. 24 S., R. 9 W_____'- ___ -_-___ - 132 T. 24 S., R. 10 W___________________________ 134 T. 24 S., R. 11 W _______________-__-rr^ 135 T. 25 S., R. 8 W_________________________ ___ 135 T. 25 S., R. 9 W____________________________ 136 CONTENTS. 7 Water resources Continued. Underground water Continued. AVells Continued. Page. T. 25 S., R. 10 W_________________«_________ 136 T. 25 S., R. 11 W___________________________ 137 T. 26 S., R. 8 W____________________________ 138 T. 26 S., R. 9 W___________________________ 138 T. 26 S., R. 10 W__________________________ 139 T. 27 S., R. 8 W____________________________ 140 T. 27 S., R. 9 W____________________________ 141 T. 27 S., R. 10 W____________,____________ 142 Columbus Region __'.______________________ 142 Carne region_________:__________________ 148 Development of underground water____________ 148 Wells ______________________________ 149 T. 23 S., R. 7 W_________________________ 149 T. 24 S., Rs. 6 and 7 W____________________ 150 T. 23 S., R. 6 W______________________ 154 Lower Mimbres Valley______________________
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