Nature in the Dales: 2020 Vision

Fungi Survey 2013 Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority Conservation Research and Monitoring Report No. 26

Nature in the Dales: 2020 Vision

YDNPA Fungi Survey 2013

Fran Graham

Correspondence address: Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, Colvend, Hebden Road, Grassington, Skipton, North Yorkshire, BD23 5LB [email protected]

Cover image: Hygrocybe punicea, Malham Tarn Estate, YDNPA

2 Contents

1. Introduction ...... 5

2. Methods ...... 5

3. Results ...... 6

4. Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………..…..11

5. Recommendations ...... 11

6. Acknowledgements ...... 17

7. References ...... 18

8. Appendices ...... 19

3 Figures

1. Map showing extent of grassland survey area...... 7

2. Map showing extent of fen/bog survey area...... 8

3. Photographs of waxcap species on Street Gate to Great Close Scar 2013...... 12

4. Photographs of club and coral fungi, pink-gill agarics and earthtongues 2013...... 14

5. Photographs of selected species recorded at Malham Tarn fen and moss 2013...... 15

Tables

1. Combined results of all CHEG indicator species recorded over multiple visits in the

Malham Lings/Great Close Scar/ Tarn Lings area ...... 9

Appendices

1. Street Gate to Great Close Scar grassland records submitted to national databases.19

2. Malham Tarn fen records submitted to national databases...... 23

3. YDNPA Fungi Survey 2013: Field recording form...... 29

4 YDNPA Fungi Survey 2013

1. Introduction The following report summarises wildlife conservation action carried out in 2013 to implement the fungi species action plan in the Yorkshire Dales National Park (YDNP). Work concentrated on determining survey and monitoring requirements of Beautiful Bonnet (Mycena renati), Date-coloured Waxcap (Hygrocybe spadicea), Fen Puffball (Bovista paludosa) and Dark-purple Earthtongue (Geoglossum atropurpureum) including habitat assessment at known sites. 2. Methods The survey was organised following a three day ‘Introduction to Macrofungi’ course led by Irene Ridge at Preston Montford Field Study Centre (FSC) in autumn 2011. The feasibility of surveying the target fungi species was discussed with local mycologists during 2012 and 2013.This concluded that a site should be targeted based on historical records, habitat condition and current management. The sites should be visited at least once a month throughout the target species fruiting season and due to the shortage of fungal records, all species encountered should be recorded where possible, identifications should be made, verified or determined by a local mycologist with reference to microscopic features where necessary and submitted to the relevant national databases through the Mid Yorkshire Fungus Group (MYFG). A survey methodology was drafted based on the FSC course guidelines and then agreed with Archie McAdam and Mal Greaves of the MYFG. Historic records for target species were sourced from the National Biodiversity Network (NBN) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) websites. Based on these records and Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority (YDNPA) information about habitat and management preferences, a shortlist of potential survey sites was compiled. However, with the staff resources available it was only possible, in 2013, to survey one site for Date-coloured Waxcap and one site for Fen Puffball. While the national databases prefer to have just one central grid reference for each site, eight figure grid references were also recorded with a high resolution Trimble GPS in case rarities were encountered. For Date-coloured waxcap, there were a very large number of sites with high potential so logistics and landowners permissions were taken into consideration and unimproved grasslands between Street Gate and Great Close Scar on the Malham Tarn Estate were chosen with National Trust permission. The extent of the grassland survey area included in the 2013 YDNPA survey is shown in Figure 1. For Fen Puffball initially Malham Tarn fen was chosen as the site of one of the largest fens in the YDNP. During the survey further information was obtained regarding habitat preferences from Pegler et al. (1995), which indicated a preference for National Vegetation Community (NVC) Carex dioica - Pinguicula vulgaris mire (M10). As a result Great Close Mire (in close proximity to Malham Tarn fen) was also visited as it is one of the largest areas of this NVC community in good condition in the YDNP. The extent of the fen and bog survey area included in the 2013 YDNPA survey is shown in Figure 2. The field recording form used is shown in Appendix 3. The quick waxcap key (Leonard, 2012) was referred to in the field and Boertmann (2010) was the main reference for waxcap identification, verification and determination off-site including microscopic features.

5 3. Results This survey made a total of 53 species records for the grassland area and a total of 65 species records for Malham Tarn fen and moss. Waxcap grasslands are important for an assemblage of indicator fungi species from the taxonomic groups Clavariaceae, Hygrocybe, Entoloma and Geoglossaceae and are therefore sometimes known as CHEG grasslands. This survey found three species of the family Clavariaceae, 18 species (and an additional two subspecies) of the genus Hygrocybe, seven species of the genus Entoloma and one species of the family Geoglossaceae. In addition, Archie McAdam recorded Hygrocybe calyptriformis near Street Gate in the autumn of 2013. One ‘Near Threatened’ British Red Data List species (Evans et al, 2006) was recorded during the survey, this was Squamanita paradoxa recorded by Jane Blinkhorn on calcareous grassland on the 8th and 22nd October. It was parasitic on Cystoderama amianthinum. The target species Hygrocybe spadicea and Bovista paludosa were not found during our 2013 survey. A table presenting the records submitted to the national database is presented in Appendix 1 and 2. A hard copy of the full results on the field recording forms containing eight figure grid references are held at the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority (YDNPA), Wildlife Conservation Team office in Grassington. Photographic highlights of the survey findings are shown on Figures 3 to 5.

It is worth noting that Entoloma is a particularly difficult group to identify relying on difficult microscopic characters and while Archie McAdam was able to identify six to species level with certainty, there were an additional nine Entoloma specimens that were not in good enough condition to identify to a species level. Therefore, Entoloma species may have been under- represented in this study. In addition, the last foray of this survey took place on 22nd October, before the end of the fungi season, which may have resulted in certain taxa particularly those in Geoglossaceae also being under-represented as they are late fruiting.

All records were checked against historical fungi records published in the FSC Malham Tarn Weather and Wildlife Reports (Shorrock & Sutton, 2008-2012) for the Great Close Scar/ Malham Lings/ Tarn Lings and Malham Tarn fen and moss areas. Repeat records are marked with an asterix in Appendix 1 and 2. Of the records made during this survey there were 41 new fungi records for Street Gate to Great Close Scar area and 45 new fungi records for Malham Tarn fen and moss.

Table 1 presents a collation of all YDNPA and FSC waxcap grassland indicator species records for the study area. These data show that, over the multiple visits between 2008 and 2013, six species of Clavariaceae, 22 species of Hygrocybe (plus two subspecies), nine species of Entoloma and one species of Geoglossaceae were found. Using the criteria recommended in the assessment of English sites (English Nature, 2003) for all indicator taxa and multiple visits (based on Rald et al. as adapted by Vesterholt et al.), the results show that the Malham Lings/Great Close Scar/ Tarn Lings area is of international importance for waxcaps. The extent of this combined area is 1.08sqkm which is significantly smaller than several of the sites included in the English Nature study.

6 Figure 1: Extent of grassland survey area Red areas = YDNPA forays 2013; Red boxes = FSC Malham Tarn CHEG grassland records  Scale 1:13000 Compiled by Fran Graham on 26 August 2014

388500 389000 389500 390000 390500 391000 391500 467000 467000

Malham Tarn 466500 466500 466000 466000 465500 465500

388500 389000 389500 390000 390500 391000 391500 © Crown copyright and database rights 2014 Ordnance Survey 100023740. Additional information: © Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority 7 Figure 2: Extent of fen/bog survey area Red area = YDNPA forays 2013 Scale 1:11500  Compiled by Fran Graham on 26 August 2014

388000 389000 390000 391000 467000 467000

Malham Tarn 466000 466000

388000 389000 390000 391000 © Crown copyright and database rights 2014 Ordnance Survey 100023740. Additional information: © Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority 8 Table 1. Combined results of all CHEG grassland indicator species recorded over multiple visits in the Malham Lings/Great Close Scar/ Tarn Lings area

Taxonomic groups Species YDNPA Records (2013) FSC Malham Tarn Records (2008-2012) Totals Clavariaceae Clavaria acuta Y Clavaria fragilis Y Clavaria zollingeri Y 6 Clavulinopsis helvola Y Clavulinopsis fusiformis Y Clavulinopsis corniculata Y Hygrocybe H.acutoconica Y H.aurantiospendens Y H.calyptriformis Y (Archie McAdam) H.cantherellus Y H.ceracea Y H.chlorophana Y H.citrinovirens Y H.coccinea Y Y H.colmanniana Y H.conica Y Y H.insipida Y H.laeta Y Y 22 (+ 2 H.miniata Y subsp.) H.mucronella Y H.nitrata Y H.pratensis Y H.psittacina Y Y H.punicea Y Y H.reidii Y Y H.russocorieacea Y H.splendidissima Y H.virginea Y Y H.virginea var. fuscescens Y H.virginea var. ochraeopallida Y

9 Table 1. Continued Taxonomic groups Species YDNPA Records (2013) FSC Malham Tarn Records (2008-2012) Totals Entoloma E.bloxamii Y E.conferendum Y Y E.griseocyaneum Y E.jubatum Y E.longistruatum var. sarcitulum Y 9 E.mougeotii Y E.poliopus Y E. rhodopolium Y E. serrulatum Y Geoglossaceae Geoglossum sp. Y 1

10 4. Discussion Unimproved grasslands are a key threatened habitat throughout the UK and northern Europe. Many grassland species are considered threatened with extinction, with over 250 species included on the Red Data Lists of Europe. Waxcaps have been proved to be a good indicator of unimproved grasslands. A number of studies have taken place which set criteria that can be used to assess the conservation value of waxcap grassland sites. One such study is the National Waxcap Grassland Assessment (English Nature, 2003), which concluded that England has some outstanding examples of waxcap-grassland sites both in a national and in a European context and that England together with the rest of the UK remains a stronghold for waxcap- grassland habitat whereas this habitat in Northern Europe has experienced a devastating decline.

The conclusion that this survey’s grassland study area on the Malham Tarn Estate is of international importance for waxcap fungi (Hygrocybe species) is very exciting. While it adds more weight to the importance of the unimproved grasslands on the Malham Tarn Estate it is also indicative of the tremendous potential for internationally important waxcap grasslands elsewhere in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The recently published Nature in the Dales: 2020 Vision - Trends and Status Review (YDNPA, 2014) reported the current extent and condition of United Kingdom Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) priority habitats. Of these habitats, calcareous grassland has the most potential for waxcap fungi and its allies. There are 6080 ha of up land calcareous grassland in the YDNP, 94% of which is in good condition and 103 ha of lowland calcareous grassland in the YDNP, 87% of which is in good condition. While this high potential has been suspected by some local mycologists, to date only a handful of sites have been recorded and there has been no systematic survey. While, many potential sites are protected under existing designations forr ot f he eatures, we know that there is at least 412 ha of upland and 60 ha lowland calcareous grassland in the YDNP outside of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). With the reduction in funding for the New Environmental Land Management Scheme (NELMS), in time unimproved grasslands outside SSSIs are likely to become increasingly vulnerable to agricultural improvement. Since waxcap grassland status can be used as a form of protection, it may provide us with an additional tool to safeguard some of these areas.

5. Recommendations By generating 86 new records from just two small areas of the well known Malham Tarn Estate this survey highlights the need for increased general fungal recording throughout the Yorkshire Dales National Park, the need for more local field mycologists and more local specialists able to verify or determine identifications using microscopic features where necessary. Therefore, existing efforts to raise awareness and provide training opportunities need to be supported, promoted and built upon.

The findings of this survey used in combination with recent historic records and analysed using nationally recommended criteria has shown for the first time that there are internationally important waxcap grasslands in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Given the large area of unimproved grasslands in good condition in the YDNP, the potential for other sites of international importance is very high. However, the vulnerability of these sites is increasing. Therefore, an increase in targeted waxcap surveying in the Yorkshire Dales National Park is recommended in discussion with local and national mycological groups.

11 Figure 3: Photograpghs of waxcap species on Street Gate to Great Close Scar 2013

a b c d e f

g h i j a. Hygrocybe conica, b. H.reidii, c. H.virginea, d. H.colemanniana, e. H.chlorophana, f. H.cantherellus, g. H.acutoconica, h. H. aurantiosplendens, i. H.pratensis, j. H. punicea. 12 Figure 3: Continued

k l m n o

p q r s t k. H. coccinea, l. H.mucronella, m. H. ceracea, n. H.insipida, o. H.russocoriacea, p. H.laeta, q. H.psittacina, r. H.acutoconica var. acutoconica deviating form, s. H.virginea var. fuscenscens, t. H.virginea var. ochraceopallida.

13 Figure 4: Photograpghs of club and coral fungi, pink-gill agarics and earthtongues on the Malham grassland 2013

a b c d e

f g h i a. Clavulinopsis fusiformis, b. Clavaria falcata, c. Entoloma poliopus, d. E.serrulatum, e. and f. Squamanita paradoxa on Cystoderama amianthinum, g. E.conferendum, h. E.mougeotii, i. Geoglossum sp.

14 Figure 5: Photograghs of selected species recorded at Malham Tarn fen and moss 2013

a b c d e

f g h i a. Entoloma sericum, b. Entoloma fernandae, c. Russula ochroleuca , d. Russula fragilis, e. Russula ochroleuca, f. Russula solaris, g. Russula gracillima, h. Lactarius flexuosa, i. Lactarius glyciosmus

15 Figure 5: Continued

j k l m n

o p q r j. Lactarius pubescens, k. Lycogola epidendrum, l. Crepidotus epibryus, m. Lichenomphalia umbellifera, n. Hygrocybe vitellina, o. Ascocoryne sarcoides, p. Mycena aetites, q. Pleurotus ostreatus, r. Star jelly (amphibian origin) 16 6 Acknowledgements

This work has been made possible through the dedication of many individuals with a passion for fungi in the Yorkshire Dales. The survey was organised by the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority. Fieldwork was carried out by Fran Graham (YDNPA) with Jane Blinkhorn (Craven Conservation Group), Kate Wilding (YDNPA) and Anthony Bilton. Identifications, verifications and determinations were carried out by Archie McAdam, Jane Blinkhorn, Andy Woodall, Mal Greaves, other members of the MYFG and Alick Henrici. Many thanks also go to the National Trust and their tenants for permission to carry out the survey, Robin Sutton at FSC Malham Tarn for sharing their historic fungal records and Jane Blinkhorn and Archie McAdam for providing comments on the draft report.

17 7 References

Boertmann, D., 2010. The genus Hygrocybe (2nd revised edition). Fungi of Northern Europe – Vol.1. David Boertmann & The Danish Mycological Society.

English Nature, 2003. Waxcap grasslands – an assessment of English sites. EN Research Info Note 555.

Evans, S., Henrici, A. and Ing, B., 2006. Red Data List of Threatened British Fungi. British Mycological Society and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Leonard, P., 2012. Quick Waxcap Key (Adapted from Boertmann, 2010), West Weald Fungal Recording Group

Pegler, D. N., Laessoe, T. and Spooner, B. M.,1995. British Puffballs, Earthstars and Stinkhorns; an account of the British gasteroid fungi. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew.

Shorrock, B & Sutton, R., 2008. Malham Tarn Wildlife and Weather Report. Malham Tarn Field Centre.

Shorrock, B & Sutton, R., 2009. Malham Tarn Wildlife and Weather Report. Malham Tarn Field Centre.

Shorrock, B & Sutton, R., 2010. Malham Tarn Wildlife and Weather Report. Malham Tarn Field Centre.

Shorrock, B & Sutton, R., 2011. Malham Tarn Wildlife and Weather Report. Malham Tarn Field Centre.

Shorrock, B & Sutton, R., 2012. Malham Tarn Wildlife and Weather Report. Malham Tarn Field Centre.

YDNPA, 2014. Nature in the Dales: 2020 Vision. 2013 Trends and Status review. Written by YDNPA on behalf of the Yorkshire Dales Biodiversity Forum. Available at http://www.natureinthedales.org.uk/bap/lbap-2013trendsandstatusreview.pdf

18 Appendix 1: Great Close Scar grassland records submitted to national databases

Fungus Name Associated Substrate Habitat Collector Date Recorder Confirmation Determiner species Agaricus campestris Grass Moss Grass Moss Neutral Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Clavaria acuta Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Clavaria falcate Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Clavaria fragilis Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Clavulinopsis helvola Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Clavulinopsis helvola Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Clitocybe fragrans Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Andy Archie McAdam grassland Woodall/MYFG

Clitocybe fragrans Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Clitocybe nebularis Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Andy Archie McAdam grassland Woodall/MYFG

Conocybe lacteal Grass Moss Grass Moss Semi-improved Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Conocybe rickenii Grass Moss Soil Semi-improved Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Cystodermum amianthium* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Cystodernum amianthium Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn var. rugosoreticulatum grassland

Entoloma conferendum* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Entoloma jubatum Grass Moss Dung Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Entoloma longistriatum Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous mire Fran Graham 30/07/2013 Archie McAdam var. sarcitulum

Entoloma mougeotii Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Entoloma poliopus Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland

19 Entoloma rhodopolium Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Entoloma serrulatum Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Entoloma sp. Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Archie Fully worked up grassland but not yet named Galerina sphagnorum Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham grassland Geoglossum sp Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Archie to ID grassland Gymnopus dryophila Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous mire Fran Graham 30/07/2013 Archie McAdam Alick Henrici Hygrocybe acutoconica Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland

Hygrocybe Grass Moss Grass Moss Semi-improved Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Andy aurantiospendens grassland Woodall/MYFG

Hygrocybe Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam aurantiosplendens grassland

Hygrocybe cantherellus Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe ceracea Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe chlorophana Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Andy grassland Woodall/MYFG

Hygrocybe coccinea* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe coccinea* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe coccinea* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Hygrocybe colmanniana Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Andy Archie McAdam grassland Woodall/MYFG

Hygrocybe colmanniana Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Hygrocybe conica* Grass Moss Soil Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe conica* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham grassland Hygrocybe conica* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland

20 Hygrocybe insipida Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe laeta* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Hygrocybe mucronella Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe nitrata Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe pratenis Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Andy grassland Woodall/MYFG

Hygrocybe pratensis Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Hygrocybe psittacina* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe punicea* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Andy grassland Woodall/MYFG

Hygrocybe punicea* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Hygrocybe reidii* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe reidii* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Andy grassland Woodall/MYFG

Hygrocybe reidii* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Hygrocybe russocorieacea Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Hygrocybe virginea* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Andy Woodall grassland Hygrocybe virginea* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Hygrocybe virginea var. Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Andy fuscescens grassland Woodall/MYFG

Hygrocybe virginea var. Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn fuscescens grassland

Hygrocybe virginea var. Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn ochraeopallida grassland

Omphalia subhepatica Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 22/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland Panaeolus civetulus Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland 21 Panaeolus foenisecii Grass Moss Grass Moss Semi-improved Fran Graham 30/07/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Panaeolus papilionaceus* Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 30/07/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Panaeolus papilionaceus* Grass Moss Dung Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Panaeolus rickenii Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Paneolus semiovata Grass Moss Dung Calareous Fran Graham 30/07/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Paneolus semiovata Grass Moss Dung Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Psilocybe coprophila* Grass Moss Dung Calcareous Fran Graham 30/07/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Squamanita paradoxa Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Jane Blinkhorn grassland Stropharia caerulea Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Jane Blinkhorn 22/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Stropharia semiglobata* Grass Moss Dung Calcareous Fran Graham 29/08/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Stopharia semiglobata* Grass Moss Dung Semi-improved Fran Graham 30/07/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Tricholoma imbricatum Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Archie McAdam grassland Vascellum pratense Grass Moss Grass Moss Calcareous Fran Graham 01/10/2013 Fran Graham Archie McAdam grassland

Species previously recorded by the Malham Tarn FSC on this site are marked with *.

22 Appendix 2: Malham Tarn fen records submitted to national databases

Fungus Name Associated species Substrate Habitat Collector Date Recorder Determiner Moss on Archie Amanita fulva* Moss woodland floor Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Amanita fulva* Betula, Salix Woodland floor Wet woodland Fran Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Armillaria mellea Salix Deadwood Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Arrhenia griseopallida Salix, Betula Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Arrhenia onisca* Unknown Sphagnum moss Raised bog Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Cottongrass, Archie Ascocoryne sarcoides Sphagnum moss Bare peat Raised bog Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Calocera cornea Sorbus aria Dying and dead wood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Archie Calocera viscosa Sorbus aria Deadwood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Chondostereum Fran Archie purpureum* Betula Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 06/11/2013 McAdam Archie Crepidotus epibryus Grass, rush Dead grass/ rush stem Wet woodland Fran Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Crepidotus epibryus Salix, Betula Dead twig Wet woodland Graham 06/11/2013 McAdam Archie Entoloma fernandae Sphagnum moss Sphagnum moss Fen/Raised bog Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Sphagnum and Sphagnum and Archie Entoloma sericum Polytrichum moss Polytrichum moss Raised bog Fran Graham 17/07/2013 McAdam Archie Galerina badipes Unknown Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Salix, Betula, Fran Archie Galerina embolus Sphagnum moss Moss and Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam

23 Kate Wilding Archie Galerina embolus Salix Moss Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Galerina pumila Sphagnum moss Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Sphagnum at base Archie Gymnopus dryophilus* Betula of Betula Wet woodland Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Hemimycena tortuosa Salix Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 06/11/2013 McAdam Transition between Wet woodland and Archie Hygrocybe vitellina* Grasses Grasses, rushes Raised bog Fran Graham 07/10/2013 Fran Graham McAdam Archie Hypholoma elongatum Sphagnum moss Sphagnum moss Fen/Raised bog Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Archie Hypholoma elongatum Unknown Woodland floor Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Hypholoma elongatum Moss Moss Raised bog Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Leaf litter on Archie Inocybe napipes Unknown woodland floor Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Laccaria laccata* Sphagnum moss Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Lactarius flexuosus Unknown Moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Lactarius flexuosus Salix, Betula Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Lactarius glyciosmus Betula, Salix Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Deadwood and Kate Wilding Archie Lactarius pubescens Unknown Sphagnum moss Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Lactarius pubescens Salix, Betula Moss and Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam

24 Kate Wilding Archie Lactarius pyrogalus Betula Sphagnum moss Wet woodland & Anthony 06/11/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Lactarius pyrogalus Betula Sphagnum moss Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Lactarius rufus Betula Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 17/07/2013 McAdam Archie Lactarius rufus Betula Base of tree Wet woodland Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Archie Lactarius rufus Sphagnum moss Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Lactarius subdulcis* Betula, Salix Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Lichenomphalia Archie umbellifera* Sphagnum moss Sphagnum moss Raised bog Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Lichenomphalia Sphagnum moss, Archie umbellifera* cottongrass Moss Raised bog Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Lycogala epidendrum Betula Deadwood Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Lyophyllum palustris Betula Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 17/07/2013 McAdam Archie Mycena aetites Betula/ Salix Deadwood Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Mycena aetites Salix, Betula Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Mycena epipterygia* Unknown In moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Mycena epipterygia* Betula Rotting twig Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Mycena galericulata* Betula Deadwood stump Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Mycena galericulata* Alnus glutinosa Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 06/11/2013 McAdam Betula, Salix, Fran Archie Mycena gallericulata* Sphagnum moss Deadwood Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam 25 Kate Wilding Archie Mycena galopus Betula Moss, peaty soil Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Mycena galopus Mosses Peat Raised bog & Anthony 06/11/2013 McAdam Archie Mycena metata Betula, Salix Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Mycena metata Betula Grass root (Festuca) Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Cottongrass, Fran Archie Mycena metata Unknown grasses and mosses Raised bog Graham 06/11/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Mycena mirata* Betula Tree Wet woodland & Anthony 06/11/2013 McAdam Archie Mycena sanguinolenta Betula Woodland floor Wet woodland Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Archie Mycena speirea Moss Moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Mycena speirea Salix Moss Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Mycena speirea Salix Deadwood and moss Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Mycena speirea Salix Tree Wet woodland & Anthony 06/11/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Mycena stipata Betula Tree Wet woodland & Anthony 06/11/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Omphalina subhepatica Grasses Moss Raised bog & Anthony 06/11/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Omphalina umbellifera Grasses Moss Raised bog & Anthony 06/11/2013 McAdam Heather, Cottongrass, Archie Panaeolus acuminatus Sphagnum moss Peat Raised bog Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam

26 Bilberry, Cottongrass, Archie Panaeolus olivaceus Sphagnum moss Sphagnum moss Raised bog Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Panaeolus sphinctrinus Grass Dung Fen Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Bilberry, Grass Archie Parasola leiocephala (Festuca) Dung Fen/Raised bog Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Archie Paxillus sp. Betula Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Pholiota squarrosa Sorbus aria Deadwood Veteran Tree & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Pholiota tuberculosa* Sorbus aria Deadwood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Piptoporus betulinus* Betula/ Salix Deadwood Wet woodland Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Archie Pleurotus ostreatus Sorbus aria Dying and dead wood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 17/07/2013 McAdam Archie Pluteus cervinus Sorbus aria Dying and dead wood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Archie Polyporus ciliatus* Sorbus aria Dying and dead wood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 17/07/2013 McAdam Archie Postia stypyica Salix Deadwood Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Rhodocollybia maculata Betula Festuca grass Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Russula betularum* Betula, Salix Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Russula emetica* Betula Moss and grass Wet woodland Fran Graham 13/08/2013 McAdam Pinus sylvestris, Archie Russula emetica* Bilberry Bog Raised bog Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam

27 Moss on Archie Russula fragilis Moss woodland floor Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Russula gracillima Betula Moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Russula ochroleuca Unknown Polytrichum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Russula ochroleuca Betula, Salix Sphagnum moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Russula puellaris Betula Betula Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Russula robertii* Unknown Moss Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Archie Russula solaris Unknown Sphagnum Wet woodland Fran Graham 10/09/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Stereum hirsutum* Salix Deadwood and moss Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Fran Archie Stereum hirsutum* Alnus glutinosa Bark Wet woodland Graham 06/11/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Tremella foliacea* Betula Deadwood Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam Archie Trimetes gibbosa Sorbus aria Dying and dead wood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 17/07/2013 McAdam Archie Trimetes ochracea* Sorbus aria Dying and dead wood Veteran Tree Fran Graham 17/07/2013 McAdam Kate Wilding Archie Xylaria hypoxylon Salix Tree Wet woodland & Anthony 07/10/2013 McAdam

Species previously recorded by the Malham Tarn FSC on this site are marked with *

28 Appendix 3: YDNPA Fungi Survey 2013: Field recording form

Date Recorder Site name and location GPS Grid ref (8 or 10 fig) Sample number (corresponding to containers) Species name (may add later) Habitat and subsidiary information

Substrate (including species if relevant)

Associated species

Habit (solitary, in troupe, ring or cluster) Smell Colour Surface texture Presence of latex ( and its colour) in stipe or cap Other notes

29