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Woodland Survey 2010 Nature in the Dales: 2020 Vision Fungi Survey 2013 Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority Conservation Research and Monitoring Report No. 26 Nature in the Dales: 2020 Vision YDNPA Fungi Survey 2013 Fran Graham Correspondence address: Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, Colvend, Hebden Road, Grassington, Skipton, North Yorkshire, BD23 5LB [email protected] Cover image: Hygrocybe punicea, Malham Tarn Estate, YDNPA 2 Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 5 2. Methods .......................................................................................................................... 5 3. Results ............................................................................................................................ 6 4. Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………..…..11 5. Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 11 6. Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 17 7. References .................................................................................................................... 18 8. Appendices ................................................................................................................... 19 3 Figures 1. Map showing extent of grassland survey area...............................................................7 2. Map showing extent of fen/bog survey area..................................................................8 3. Photographs of waxcap species on Street Gate to Great Close Scar 2013................12 4. Photographs of club and coral fungi, pink-gill agarics and earthtongues 2013............14 5. Photographs of selected species recorded at Malham Tarn fen and moss 2013.........15 Tables 1. Combined results of all CHEG indicator species recorded over multiple visits in the Malham Lings/Great Close Scar/ Tarn Lings area ..........................................................9 Appendices 1. Street Gate to Great Close Scar grassland records submitted to national databases.19 2. Malham Tarn fen records submitted to national databases..........................................23 3. YDNPA Fungi Survey 2013: Field recording form..............................................................29 4 YDNPA Fungi Survey 2013 1. Introduction The following report summarises wildlife conservation action carried out in 2013 to implement the fungi species action plan in the Yorkshire Dales National Park (YDNP). Work concentrated on determining survey and monitoring requirements of Beautiful Bonnet (Mycena renati), Date-coloured Waxcap (Hygrocybe spadicea), Fen Puffball (Bovista paludosa) and Dark-purple Earthtongue (Geoglossum atropurpureum) including habitat assessment at known sites. 2. Methods The survey was organised following a three day ‘Introduction to Macrofungi’ course led by Irene Ridge at Preston Montford Field Study Centre (FSC) in autumn 2011. The feasibility of surveying the target fungi species was discussed with local mycologists during 2012 and 2013.This concluded that a site should be targeted based on historical records, habitat condition and current management. The sites should be visited at least once a month throughout the target species fruiting season and due to the shortage of fungal records, all species encountered should be recorded where possible, identifications should be made, verified or determined by a local mycologist with reference to microscopic features where necessary and submitted to the relevant national databases through the Mid Yorkshire Fungus Group (MYFG). A survey methodology was drafted based on the FSC course guidelines and then agreed with Archie McAdam and Mal Greaves of the MYFG. Historic records for target species were sourced from the National Biodiversity Network (NBN) and Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) websites. Based on these records and Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority (YDNPA) information about habitat and management preferences, a shortlist of potential survey sites was compiled. However, with the staff resources available it was only possible, in 2013, to survey one site for Date-coloured Waxcap and one site for Fen Puffball. While the national databases prefer to have just one central grid reference for each site, eight figure grid references were also recorded with a high resolution Trimble GPS in case rarities were encountered. For Date-coloured waxcap, there were a very large number of sites with high potential so logistics and landowners permissions were taken into consideration and unimproved grasslands between Street Gate and Great Close Scar on the Malham Tarn Estate were chosen with National Trust permission. The extent of the grassland survey area included in the 2013 YDNPA survey is shown in Figure 1. For Fen Puffball initially Malham Tarn fen was chosen as the site of one of the largest fens in the YDNP. During the survey further information was obtained regarding habitat preferences from Pegler et al. (1995), which indicated a preference for National Vegetation Community (NVC) Carex dioica - Pinguicula vulgaris mire (M10). As a result Great Close Mire (in close proximity to Malham Tarn fen) was also visited as it is one of the largest areas of this NVC community in good condition in the YDNP. The extent of the fen and bog survey area included in the 2013 YDNPA survey is shown in Figure 2. The field recording form used is shown in Appendix 3. The quick waxcap key (Leonard, 2012) was referred to in the field and Boertmann (2010) was the main reference for waxcap identification, verification and determination off-site including microscopic features. 5 3. Results This survey made a total of 53 species records for the grassland area and a total of 65 species records for Malham Tarn fen and moss. Waxcap grasslands are important for an assemblage of indicator fungi species from the taxonomic groups Clavariaceae, Hygrocybe, Entoloma and Geoglossaceae and are therefore sometimes known as CHEG grasslands. This survey found three species of the family Clavariaceae, 18 species (and an additional two subspecies) of the genus Hygrocybe, seven species of the genus Entoloma and one species of the family Geoglossaceae. In addition, Archie McAdam recorded Hygrocybe calyptriformis near Street Gate in the autumn of 2013. One ‘Near Threatened’ British Red Data List species (Evans et al, 2006) was recorded during the survey, this was Squamanita paradoxa recorded by Jane Blinkhorn on calcareous grassland on the 8th and 22nd October. It was parasitic on Cystoderama amianthinum. The target species Hygrocybe spadicea and Bovista paludosa were not found during our 2013 survey. A table presenting the records submitted to the national database is presented in Appendix 1 and 2. A hard copy of the full results on the field recording forms containing eight figure grid references are held at the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority (YDNPA), Wildlife Conservation Team office in Grassington. Photographic highlights of the survey findings are shown on Figures 3 to 5. It is worth noting that Entoloma is a particularly difficult group to identify relying on difficult microscopic characters and while Archie McAdam was able to identify six to species level with certainty, there were an additional nine Entoloma specimens that were not in good enough condition to identify to a species level. Therefore, Entoloma species may have been under- represented in this study. In addition, the last foray of this survey took place on 22nd October, before the end of the fungi season, which may have resulted in certain taxa particularly those in Geoglossaceae also being under-represented as they are late fruiting. All records were checked against historical fungi records published in the FSC Malham Tarn Weather and Wildlife Reports (Shorrock & Sutton, 2008-2012) for the Great Close Scar/ Malham Lings/ Tarn Lings and Malham Tarn fen and moss areas. Repeat records are marked with an asterix in Appendix 1 and 2. Of the records made during this survey there were 41 new fungi records for Street Gate to Great Close Scar area and 45 new fungi records for Malham Tarn fen and moss. Table 1 presents a collation of all YDNPA and FSC waxcap grassland indicator species records for the study area. These data show that, over the multiple visits between 2008 and 2013, six species of Clavariaceae, 22 species of Hygrocybe (plus two subspecies), nine species of Entoloma and one species of Geoglossaceae were found. Using the criteria recommended in the assessment of English sites (English Nature, 2003) for all indicator taxa and multiple visits (based on Rald et al. as adapted by Vesterholt et al.), the results show that the Malham Lings/Great Close Scar/ Tarn Lings area is of international importance for waxcaps. The extent of this combined area is 1.08sqkm which is significantly smaller than several of the sites included in the English Nature study. 6 Figure 1: Extent of grassland survey area Red areas = YDNPA forays 2013; Red boxes = FSC Malham Tarn CHEG grassland records Scale 1:13000 Compiled by Fran Graham on 26 August 2014 388500 389000 389500 390000 390500 391000 391500 467000 467000 Malham Tarn 466500 466500 466000 466000 465500 465500 388500 389000 389500 390000 390500 391000 391500 © Crown copyright and database rights 2014 Ordnance Survey 100023740. Additional information: © Yorkshire
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