Special Olympics World Games History
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Relationships Between International Sport Federations and International Disability Sport
Relationships Between International Sport Federations and International Disability Sport Northeastern University’s Center for the Study of Sport in Society Disability in Sport www.sportinsociety.org Introduction Sport opportunities for people with disabilities worldwide have traditionally been organized by disability rather than sport. International governing bodies for sport for people with disabilities include organizations such as the International Committee for Deaflympics (CISS) for the deaf, Special Olympics International for persons with intellectual disabilities and the International Paralympic Committee traditionally for persons with physical disabilities and since 1992 also for persons with intellectual disabilities. The histories of CISS, SOI and IPC are unique and in many respects more dissimilar than similar. What they do have in common is the reason for their creation: to offer opportunities in a segregated setting that were not being met by the able bodied sport system. Organizational Histories Paralympic sport began in the 1950s with a desire to re-integrate persons with disabilities into mainstream society and for over fifty years this issue has held a significant place within disability sport’s growth and development. Sir Ludwig Guttmann included sport and recreation into his rehabilitation programs at the Stoke Mandeville Rehabilitation hospital precisely to encourage the inclusion of war veterans into mainstream society and it was the games that he held that became the genesis for the Paralympic Games. The International Olympic Committee has signed two agreements with IPC confirming IOC financial and organizational support for the IPC and securing and protecting the organization of the Paralympic Games (Hums, Wolff & Legg, 2003). Special Olympics began in 1968 when Eunice Kennedy Shriver organized the First International Special Olympics Games in Chicago. -
Jumping Jack!
JUMPING JACK! THE AEROBIC GYMNASTICS NEWSLETTER – N° 2 – August 2017 Wroclaw (POL) 22nd, July 2017 To: All Member Federations The FIG AER-TC after the World Games competition and analysis made, wish to notify our Member Federations of the following information. 1. Naming of the new elements New elements submitted to FIG AER TC by NF with the requirements established in the AER COP (COP pg. 20/29), may receive the name of the gymnast who performs the element with the following criteria: 1. The element must receive a number and a value after the evaluation by the TC. 2. The element must be performed without touch or fall, by submitted gymnast at any FIG official competition (World Championships, World Games, World Cups), Continental Championships, registered FIG competitions. If FIG AER TC member is not present at the competition as part of the Jury, then it must be confirmed by video of the competition sent to FIG AER TC through FIG office, within 1 month after the competition. 3. The element should not be a variation of an existing element. For example: Flair ½ turn to split (currently not in COP) 2. Clarifications Aerobic Step (App. 7, pg 7/7) Add CJP Deduction: If Building (stacking) steps during the routine before the final pose -0.5 Compulsory elements for Age Group: 1 Turn to vertical split (AG1) and Illusion or free Illusion to vertical split (AG2) When the gymnast(s) performing compulsory element from group D in AG1 / AG2 and fail to perform the vertical split: o Will receive 0.0 value in Difficulty, but no deduction for missing compulsory. -
Elite Sports for Persons With
SPECIAL OLYMPICS OLYMPICS PARALYMPICS Elite sports for persons with a disability – principally a physical or sensory Olympic-type sports for disability persons who are classified as having an intellectual Impairment Classifications disability. Olympic sports for elite = Athletes with Cerebral sportspeople Palsy (CPISRA), Athletes Athletes may also have a with Spinal Cord Lesion, physical disability, but first Spina Bifida and Polio classification = ID (ISMWSF), Athletes with Blindness (IBSA) and Athletes with Les Autres or Amputations (ISOD) Athletes of all ages are catered for: Minimum age for entering Age of athletes vary Age of athletes vary competition = 8 yrs according to sport, but few according to sport but few very young or old athletes young or older athletes NO upper limit – in 1987 there was a 70+ yr old Swedish Level I artistic gymnast All ability groups are Elite athletes only – entry Elite athletes only – entry included in the sports standards standards competition Year-Round Training and Year-Round Training and Centralized training prior to Competition Competition competition Every athlete receives Only first three are Only first three are recognition for all events recognized recognized SPECIAL OLYMPICS OLYMPICS PARALYMPICS Some events have been Some events have been Regular standardized adapted to meet ability adapted to meet ability competition levels of athletes levels of athletes Summer and Winter World Summer and Winter Games every 4 years – Olympic Games every 4 Summer Paralympic years – Games one month after First International Summer Olympic Games – begun in Games in 1968, Chicago, First Modern Olympics held 1988 after Seoul Olympic USA; First International in 1896, in Athens, Greece; Games Winter Games in 1977, Winter Olympic Games in Colorado, USA Chamonix, France in 1924 Independent organization Government supported Government supported and structure Competition Levels: - School- Local, State, National, Regional International Only Area/District and International - State/Province, National - Regional, International . -
Multi-Sport Competitions
APES 1(2011) 2:225-227 Šiljak, V and Boškan, V. : MULTI-SPORT COMPETITIONS ... MULTI-SPORT COMPETITIONS UDC: 796.09 (100) (091) (Professional peper ) Violeta Šiljak and Vesna Boškan Alfa University, Faculty of Management in Sport, Belgrade, Serbia Abstract Apart from the Olympic games, world championships, the university students games – The Universiade, there are many other regional sport movements organized as well. The World Games, the Asian Games, the Panamerican Games, the Commonwealth Games, the Balkan Games and so on, are some of multi-sport competitions all having the mutual features of competitions in numerous sports which last for several days. Some sports which are not a part of the Olympic Games programme are included into these world/regional games. These games are organized with the intention of impro- ving international sport/competitions. Keywords: Olympic games, World Games, students games, regional sports Introduction Games Association under the patronage of the Multi-sports competitions are organized sports International Olympic Committee. Some of the events that last several days and include competi- sports that were in the program of the World tion in great number of sports/events. The Olympic Games have become the Olympic disciplines (such Games as the first modern multi-sport event serve as triathlon), while some of them used to Olympic as a model for organizing all other major multi- sports in the past, but not any more (such as rope sports competitions. These several-day events are pulling). The selection of sports at the last World held in a host city, where the winners are awarded Games was done based on the criterion adopted by medals and competitions are mostly organized the IOC on August 12, 2004. -
Wrestling Hofstras Sage Heller Earns Spot on the USA Maccabiah Team
From: Jim B. Sheehan [email protected] Subject: Wrestling: Hofstra’s Sage Heller Earns Spot On The USA Maccabiah Team Date: April 5, 2017 at 1:16 PM To: Jim B. Sheehan [email protected] Wrestling: Hofstra’s Sage Heller Earns A Spot On The USA Maccabiah Team Courtesy: Hofstra Athletic Communications For Release: Wednesday, April 5, 2016 - Maccabiah Games Homepage Hempstead, NY – Hofstra freshman Sage Heller recorded a perfect 5-0 record to capture the 86 kg/189 lbs. weight class at the Maccabiah USA Team Wrestling Trials at the University of Pennsylvania last weekend. Heller’s title earns him a spot on the United States Team at the 20th World Maccabiah Games in Israel from July 4 through 18. Although the Maccabiah USA Wrestling Team Trials were held in freestyle, the winners will compete in both freestyle and Greco-Roman in Israel. The Maccabiah World Games, a competition for Jewish athletes across the world, is the third largest multi- sport event on earth behind the Olympic Games and the Pan American Games. Wrestlers will be part of the overall 1,100+ member Team USA at the 2017 World Maccabiah Games, which features 10,000 athletes, from 80 countries, participating in 43 sports. Heller, a native of Riverwoods, Illinois, won five matches in his weight class, including a pin in 1:29 of eventual runner-up Gordon Wolf, who wrestles for Lehigh, in the fifth and final round. He recorded two wins by fall, two tech falls and a win by decision. Heller opened with a 10-0 tech fall win over Jonathan Wechter. -
Special Olympics Massachusetts Program Policies & Practices Table
PROGRAM POLICIES & PRACTICES HANDBOOK Revised October 2012 SPECIAL OLYMPICS MASSACHUSETTS PROGRAM POLICIES & PRACTICES TABLE OF CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 5 A. SOMA Philosophy ..................................................................................................... 6 B. SOMA Mission Statement ......................................................................................... 6 C. SOMA Vision Statement ........................................................................................... 6 D. SOMA Key Principles ................................................................................................ 6 E. SOMA Values ............................................................................................................ 7 II. ORGANIZATION ............................................................................................................ 8 A. SOMA Organizational Chart .................................................................................... 9 B. Section Map ............................................................................................................ 11 III. LOCAL PROGRAMS........................................................................................................... 13 A. Definition of Local Program .................................................................................... 14 B. Local Programs Financial Guidelines ..................................................................... -
Commonwealth Games Research
Updated Review of the Evidence of Legacy of Major Sporting Events: July 2015 social Commonwealth Games research UPDATED REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE OF LEGACY OF MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS: JULY 2015 Communities Analytical Services Scottish Government Social Research July 2015 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Context of the literature review 1 Structure of the review 2 2. METHOD 3 Search strategy 3 Inclusion criteria 4 2015 Update Review Method 4 3. OVERVIEW OF AVAILABLE EVIDENCE 6 Legacy as a ‘concept’ and goal 6 London focus 7 4. FLOURISHING 8 Increase Growth of Businesses 8 Increase Movement into Employment and Training 13 Volunteering 17 Tourism Section 19 Conclusion 24 2015 Addendum to Flourishing Theme 25 5. SUSTAINABLE 28 Improving the physical and social environment 28 Demonstrating sustainable design and environmental responsibility 30 Strengthening and empowering communities 32 Conclusion 33 2015 Addendum to Sustainable Theme 33 6. ACTIVE 37 Physical activity and participation in sport 37 Active infrastructure 40 Conclusion 42 2015 Addendum to Active Theme 43 7. CONNECTED 44 Increase cultural engagement 44 Increase civic pride 46 Perception as a place for cultural activities 47 Enhance learning 49 Conclusion 49 2015 Addendum to Connected Theme 50 8. AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 51 9. CONCLUSIONS 52 10. REFERENCES 54 References 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014 64 APPENDIX 67 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The aim of this evidence review is to establish whether major international multi-sport events can leave a legacy, and if so, what factors are important for making that happen. This edition of the original Kemlo and Owe (2014) review provides addendums to each legacy theme based on literature from 1st October 2013 to the end of September 2014. -
Athletes As Tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade Games
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORT. STUDIES AND RESEARCH DOI: 10.2478/v10141-011-0007-7 Athletes as Tourists: Consumer Behaviour of Participants at the 2007 and 2009 World Universiade Games Douglas Michele Turco 1, Dimitra Papadimitrou 2, Serkan Berber 3 1 Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA 2 University of Patras, Rio, Greece 3 Anadalu University, Eskişehir, Turkey ABSTRACT Considerable research has been devoted to sport mega-events including the Olympic Games, the FIFA World Cup, and the Commonwealth Games. Yet few studies have focused on the lesser known or “second tier” international sport events in order to understand the patterns and the impact of participant consumption. Further, few sport event studies are extended beyond a single assessment. This study examines a recurring sport event, the World Universiade Summer Games, that took place in two different countries, Belgrade, Serbia and Bangkok, Thailand. A profile of participants at the 2007 and 2009 Universiades was generated to reveal and compare their consumer behaviour in the host cities and over time. Subjects were queried on-site during selected days of competition (N=441, 2007; N=221, 2009). Findings demonstrate a remarkable consistency in participant characteristics and local spend from 2007 to 2009, though the amount spent per night was considerably less than the average per night spend by other types of tourists in the host countries, suggesting that Universiade athletes are non high-value tourists. Discussion and implications of findings to sport and tourism destination scholars and marketers are presented. KEYWORDS sport tourism, mega-events, World Universiade Games Introduction The summer Olympic Games and the FIFA Men’s World Cup are the two largest sport mega- events on the planet in terms of media audience, production costs, impact, etc.; all other events pale in comparison. -
USA Games Advancement Criteria
Supplemental Document to Athlete Nomination Criteria Introduction: Once every 4 years, Special Olympics athletes in the United States are provided the opportunity to represent our country at the highest level of competition - World Games (respectively for Summer & Winter Games)! Undoubtedly, one of the highest levels of privilege and opportunity for any Special Olympics athlete. In theory we would like to believe that consideration for selection for a World Games event should be afforded to every Special Olympics athlete. However due to many factors and considerations there is a need to better “screen” athletes who are selected to ensure that each athlete, coach, management team member and volunteer can achieve the best experience possible. Factors/considerations that make the World Games experience not only unique but challenging; • Length of Games – the World Games experience can involve anywhere from 18-21 days. The length of time required depends on the location of the Games and the pre-Games experience. For many Special Olympics athletes, this length of time away from home can prove to be a challenge. • Time Away from Parents/Family – Because of the structure of the U.S. Team, athletes chosen can expect to be away from their families for extended periods of time without seeing them and at times, with very limited contact. For some athletes this can cause stress and anxiety. • Adjusting to New Coaches – Coaches selected for the U.S. Team come from all across the country and it is rare for a World Games athlete to already know one of these coaches. Can the athlete adapt to a new coach? • Conform to the Group/Adaptability – In order for the U.S. -
CHAPTER-4 Physical Education and Sports for CWSN
CHAPTER-4 Physical Education and Sports for CWSN (Children with Special Needs) 4.1 AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF ADAPTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION Adapted Physical Education is a science of developing, implementing, and monitoring a designed physical education instructional programme for an individual with a disability, based on a comprehensive assessment, to give the learner the skills necessary for a lifetime of rich recreation, leisure and sport experiences to increase physical fitness and wellness. Adapted physical education is physical education that is individualized and specially designed to address the needs of students with disabilities who require adaptations or modifications to be physically active, participate safely, and make progress toward the standards for Health, Safety, and Physical Education. In simple words, we can say the physical education program designed for individuals with disabilities is called adapted physical education. The program is adapted to meet the needs of each student through modifications and accommodations. According to Auxter, D., Pyfer, J. & Huettig, C. “ Adapted physical education is the art and science of developing and implementing a carefully designed physical education instructional program for an individual with a disability, based on a comprehensive assessment, to give the individual the skills necessary for a lifetime of rich leisure, recreation, and sport experiences”. Adapted physical education is used to emphasise the importance of understanding the scientific bases of human development as it bring into relations to teaching appropriate concepts and practices in the adapted physical education program which will serve to maximize the quality of life among individuals with disabilities. Adapted physical education is clear that practices that influencing exercise, fitness, diet and nutritional status can significantly impact the quality and duration of life of an individuals with disabilities. -
Special Olympics Research Overview
Special Olympics Research Overview 94% of Special Olympics athletes reported improved sports skills. More than 5.7 million 97% of Unified Special Olympics Children ages 2-7 experienced a teammates athletes without compete across of high school seniors say that disabilities 7 month gain reported in motor skills after participation in an Unified Champion 172 schools is changing increased countries, 8-week Young Athletes program. their school for the understanding of averaging better people with intellectual 298 disabilities. competitions each day around the world. 65% of of healthcare Special Olympics' parents providers felt brand ranks highly in felt that participation in better prepared to Special Olympics had raised treat people with their expectations of their intellectual familiarity sons and daughters. and disabilities. favorability ratings. Over half of athletes’ siblings in the United States felt that participation in Special Olympics brought their family closer together. Table of Contents Special Olympics Attitudes Research .................................................................................. 5 Why Attitudes? ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Public Attitudes Toward People with Intellectual Disabilities .........................................................6 Changing Attitudes through Special Olympics .................................................................................. 9 Key Findings: Special Olympics -
ICU Strategic Plan 2019-2020:2021
INTERNATIONAL CHEER UNION (ICU) STRATEGIC PLAN* 2019-2020/2021 *Enclosed is the ICU Strategic Plan for 2019-2020 as communicated to ICU member Federations in 2019; however, despite challenges posed by the COVID pandemic in 2020, this is an ongoing Strategic Plan that will be in affect for 2021 and beyond with expected minor modifications to be implemented as the world emerges from the COVID pandemic. A few notables of 2020 have been added; and (even if not fully decribed herein) portions of the 2019-2020 Strategic Plan have already been converted to virtual platforms where possible I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY / TABLE OF CONTENTS As discussed in the 2019 ICU Committee Meetings, National Federation breakout meetings, Administrative, Executive Council, Governing Council - and as presented to the General Assembly by ICU President Jeff Webb; enclosed please find the following ICU Strategic Plan (the “Plan”) detailed herein for 2019 – 2020. I. Executive Summary (includes “Table of Contents”) II. Strategic Objectives III. Strategic Initiatives (“Projects”) IV. Strategic Plan Summary The Plan is intended to guide the ICU organization, as well as assist ICU’s National Cheer Federation (NF) Members with their local strategic and development planning in promotion of our Sport for the benefit of Athletes around the world. II. STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES As the basis for guiding the actions (Strategic Initiatives /“Projects”) of the ICU organization and National Federation members, the ICU has defined its Strategic Objectives (for 2019-2020 and beyond) as the following: 1. To remain forever vigilant and focused on the Safety for our Athletes (ICU’s Top Priority) 2. To assist National Federations to build the sport within the respective countries, as well as supporting them in their efforts to be recognized by their NOC’s and sport ministries 3.