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CHAPTER-4 Physical Education and Sports for CWSN

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CHAPTER-4 Physical Education and Sports for CWSN (Children with Special Needs) 4.1 AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF ADAPTED PHYSICAL EDUCATION Adapted Physical Education is a science of developing, implementing, and monitoring a designed physical education instructional programme for an individual with a disability, based on a comprehensive assessment, to give the learner the skills necessary for a lifetime of rich recreation, leisure and sport experiences to increase physical fitness and wellness. Adapted physical education is physical education that is individualized and specially designed to address the needs of students with disabilities who require adaptations or modifications to be physically active, participate safely, and make progress toward the standards for Health, Safety, and Physical Education. In simple words, we can say the physical education program designed for individuals with disabilities is called adapted physical education. The program is adapted to meet the needs of each student through modifications and accommodations. According to Auxter, D., Pyfer, J. & Huettig, C. “ Adapted physical education is the art and science of developing and implementing a carefully designed physical education instructional program for an individual with a disability, based on a comprehensive assessment, to give the individual the skills necessary for a lifetime of rich leisure, recreation, and sport experiences”. Adapted physical education is used to emphasise the importance of understanding the scientific bases of human development as it bring into relations to teaching appropriate concepts and practices in the adapted physical education program which will serve to maximize the quality of life among individuals with disabilities. Adapted physical education is clear that practices that influencing exercise, fitness, diet and nutritional status can significantly impact the quality and duration of life of an individuals with disabilities. Adapted Physical Education is defined as a program to meet the unique needs of an individual with a disability who is unable to fully participate in the general Physical Education programme. Therefore, we concluded that the Adaptive Physical Education program offers alternative physical education to students who cannot participate in the mainstream programme. DISABILITY CATEGORY The term disability is a diagnostic category that qualifies students for adapted physical education. These categories include: (a) Deafness (b) Mental retardation (c) Orthopedic impairment (d) Deaf – Blindness (e) Traumatic brain injury (f) Speech or language impairment (g) Autism (h) Hearing impairment (i) Multiple disabilities (j) Visual impairment including blindness etc AIM: The aim of Adapted Physical Education is to aid students with handicaps to achieve physical, mental, emotional, and social growth commensurate with their potential through a carefully planned program of regular and special physical education and recreation activities. OBJECTIVES: The Objectives of Adapted Physical Education are as follows: 1. Adapted Physical Education assists the student’s to correct the conditions that can be improved. 2. Adapted Physical Education aids the students to protect themselves and any conditions that would be aggravated through certain physical activities. 3. Adapted Physical Education makes available the students with an opportunity to learn and to participate in a number of appropriate recreational and leisure time sports and activities. 4. Adapted Physical Education develops the physical fitness through the maximal development of organic and neuromuscular systems. 5. Adapted Physical Education assists each and every student to develop the knowledge and an appreciation of his/her physical and mental limitations. 6. Adapted Physical Education helps the students to make social adjustments and develop a feeling of self-worth and value. 7. Adapted Physical Education give support to each and every student in developing knowledge and appreciation relative to superior body mechanics. 8. Adapted Physical Education help out the students to understand and appreciate a variety of sports that can enjoy as non-participants or spectators. 4.2 ORGANISATION PROMOTING ADAPTIVE SPORTS (SPECIAL OLYMPIC BHARAT, PARALYMPICS AND DEAFLYMPICS) In 1987 the Special Olympics program came into existence in India with the set up of Special Olympics India in Mumbai, Maharashtra. By the time it shifted to Bangalore in 2001 it showed signs of stagnation. Sports program for persons with Intellectual Disabilities in India. Special Olympics Bharat was shaped and registered in 2001 under the Indian Trust Act 1882. By 2004, 28,652 Athletes and 1860 Coaches from 22 States were registered in the Special Olympics Bharat programme maintains by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. In 19 January 2006 Special Olympic Bharat was recognized as a National Sports Federation by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and was promoting to the Priority Category on 8th April 2006. The MYAS scheme enabled us to implement the Special Olympics Program across all the States and Union Territories of India. The Special Olympics Athlete oath “Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt.” According to Special Olympics Bharat - Mission: The mission of Special Olympics is to provide year-round sports training and athletic competition in a variety of Olympic-type sports for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, giving them continuing opportunities to develop physical fitness, demonstrate courage, experience joy and participate in a sharing of gifts, skills and friendship with their families, other Special Olympics athletes and the community. Role of Special Olympics Bharat: 1. Special Olympics Bharat focus on holistic development and training to motivate children with disabilities to join and remain in school 2. Special Olympics Bharat create role models who will inspire the children and also motivate parents to participate in sports and other extra-curricular activities 3. Special Olympics Bharat produces a cadre of physical education teachers from among the disabled who can work with schools and community centers most of the activities are run by local volunteers 4. Special Olympics Bharat make ensure maximum involvement of community for greater public understanding and acceptance of people with intellectual disabilities; 5. Special Olympics Bharat ensures all the competition local, state, national and international level. PARALMPICS The first Paralympic Games were held in 1960 Rome. They were a great success and the Winter Paralympics Games have been held right away after the main Summer Olympics ever since. The first Winter Paralympic Games were started in 1976 The Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) which is based in Bonn, Germany. The IPC is supported by National Paralympic Committees (NPC) that represents athletes with impairments from their respective countries. Ceremony: The Paralympic Games begin with an opening ceremony and end with a closing ceremony. The Olympic flame burns throughout the competition. Gold, Silver and Bronze medals are awarded to winners. Symbol: The Paralympic symbol consists of three agitos coloured red, blue and green. The agitos are meant to symbolise movement and the colours are the three most popular colours on national flags. Moto: Spirit in Moto Disabilities Category: The Paralympic Governing body has defined disabilities into five main groups - amputees, cerebral palsy, spinal injuries, visually impaired and others. Disceplines of Summer Paralmpics Games: Archery, Athletics, Basketball, Boccia, Cycling, Dartchery, Equestrian, 5 a side Football, 7 a side Football, Goalball, Judo, Lawn Bowls, Powerlifting, Rowing, Sailing, Shooting, Snooker, Swimming, Table Tennis, Volleyball, Weightlifting, Wheelchair Basketball, Wheelchair Fencing, Wheelchair Rugby, Wheelchair Tennis, Wrestling Disceplines of Winter Paralmpics Games: Alpine Skiing, Biathlon, Cross Country Skiing, Ice Sledge Hockey, Wheelchair Curling DEAFLYMPICS The first Deaflympic Games were held in Paris in 1924. The International Committee of Silent Sports was formed in 1924 to hold the games every four years. The games were originally known as "International Silent Games" before they became the "World Games for the Deaf." The most recent name, the "Deaflympics," was formally adopted in 2001. The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) is the main governing body responsible for the organization of Deaflympics and other World Deaf Championships. Twenty two times Deaflympics Games have been held consistently at 4-year intervals since the first Paris games. 1943 and 1947 Deaflympics Games were not held because of World War II. Winter Games were set up in 1949 at Seefeld, Austria. The flag of the IOC has flown next to the flag representing CISS/ICSD at the Summer/Winter Deaflympics since 1985. India has won total 38 medals i.e. 18 Gold, 8 Silver and 13 Bronze. The Mission of Deaflympics Games According to International Committee of Sports for the Deaf (ICSD) the mission of Deaflympics Games are given below: 1. To supervise the organization of successful summer and winter Deaflympics. 2. To promote and contribute to the development of sport opportunities and competitions, from grass-root to elite level, for Deaf athletes. 3. To support and encourage educational, cultural, research and scientific activities that contributes to the development and promotion of the Deaflympics. 4. To fully enforce
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