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TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 B.C. AUGUSTUS 16 Jan 27 BC AUGUSTUS CAESAR Other title: e.g. Filius Augustorum Aureus 7.8g KEY TO METALLIC COMPOSITION Quinarius Aureus GOLD Gold Aureus 25 silver Denarii Gold Quinarius 12.5 silver Denarii SILVER Silver Denarius 16 copper Asses Silver Quinarius 8 copper Asses DE-BASED SILVER from c. 260 Brass Sestertius 4 copper Asses Brass Dupondius 2 copper Asses ORICHALCUM (BRASS) Copper As 4 copper Quadrantes Brass Semis 2 copper Quadrantes COPPER Copper Quadrans Denarius 3.79g 96-98% fine Quinarius Argenteus 1.73g 92% fine Sestertius 25.5g Dupondius 12.5g As 10.5g Semis Quadrans TIMELINE of ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE B.C. 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A.D.A.D. denominational relationships relationships based on Aureus Aureus 7.8g 1 Quinarius Aureus 3.89g 2 Denarius 3.79g 25 50 Sestertius 25.4g 100 Dupondius 12.4g 200 As 10.5g 400 Semis 4.59g 800 Quadrans 3.61g 1600 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 19 Aug TIBERIUS TIBERIUS Aureus 7.75g Aureus Quinarius Aureus 3.87g Quinarius Aureus Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine Denarius Sestertius 27g Sestertius Dupondius 14.5g Dupondius As 10.9g As Semis Quadrans 3.61g Quadrans 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 TIBERIUS CALIGULA CLAUDIUS Aureus 7.75g 7.63g Quinarius Aureus 3.87g 3.85g Denarius 3.76g 96-98% fine 3.75g 98% fine Sestertius 27g 28.7g -
Samuel Johnson's Childhood Illnesses and the King's Evil
SAMUEL JOHNSON'S CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES AND THE KING'S EVIL by LAWRENCE C. McHENRY, JR. AND RONALD MAC KEITH 'HERE is a brave boy,' proclaimed George Hector,* when he brought Samuel Johnson into the world. From this moment and throughout most of his childhood, young Sam was harassed by a variety of afflictions that troubled his daily existence, but did not prevent him from eventually becoming one of England's outstanding literary figures. Samuel Johnson's adult illnesses and the history of his childhood have been described by many writers, but no separate work is available on his childhood medical history. The purpose ofthis paper is to describe Johnson's childhood medical disorders and their consequences. The principal source of information on this period in Johnson's life is from an autobiographical sketch, An account of the life of Dr. Samuel Johnson from his birth to his eleventh year, written by himself. Johnson apparently called this his 'Annals' and his two principal biographers, Boswell and Hawkins, did not know of its existence. This was written when he was 55 years old and was 'among the mass of papers which were ordered to be committed to the flames a few days before his death.'** Johnson's 'Annals' gives a record of his early affections, but it contains a rather questionable medical implication that has been perpetuated as fact. This is that Johnson developed tuberculosis during the first few weeks of his life. We propose to point out that this is unlikely and to show that it is much more probable that he developed tuberculosis later, when he was about two years old. -
Heraldry Examples Booklet.Cdr
Book Heraldry Examples By Khevron No color on color or metal on metal. Try to keep it simple. Make it easy to paint, applique’ or embroider. Blazon in layers from the deepest layer Per pale vert and sable all semy of caltrops e a talbot passant argent. c up to the surface: i v Field (color or division & colors), e Primary charge (charge or ordinary), Basic Book Heraldry d Secondary charges close to the primary, by Khevron a Tertiary charges on the primary or secondary, Device: An heraldic representation of youself. g Peripheral secondary charges (Chief,Canton,Border), Arms: A device of someone with an Award of Arms. n i Tertiary charges on the peropheral. Badge: An heraldic representation of what you own. z a Name field tinctures chief/dexter first. l Only the first word, the metal Or, B and proper nouns are capitalized. 12 2 Tinctures, Furs & Heraldic 11 Field Treatments Cross Examples By Khevron By Khevron Crosses have unique characteristics and specific names. Tinctures: Metals and Colors Chief Rule #1: No color upon another color, or metal on metal! Canton r r e e t t s i x e n - Fess - i D Or Argent Sable Azure Vert Gules Purpure S Furs Base Cross Latin Cross Cross Crosslet Maltese Potent Latin Cross Floury Counter-Vair Vair Vair in PaleVair-en-pointe Vair Ancient Ermine Celtic Cross Cross Gurgity Crosslet Fitchy Cross Moline Cross of Bottony Jerusalem A saltire vair in saltire Vair Ermines or Counter- Counter Potent Potent-en-pointe ermine Cross Quarterly in Saltire Ankh Patonce Voided Cross Barby Cross of Cerdana Erminois Field -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1
Year 4: The Roman Empire – Roman Coins Lesson 1 Duration 2 hours. Date: Planned by Katrina Gray for Two Temple Place, 2014 Main teaching Activities - Differentiation Plenary LO: To investigate who the Romans were and why they came Activities: Mixed Ability Groups. AFL: Who were the Romans? to Britain Cross curricular links: Geography, Numeracy, History Activity 1: AFL: Why did the Romans want to come to Britain? CT to introduce the topic of the Romans and elicit children’s prior Sort timeline flashcards into chronological order CT to refer back to the idea that one of the main reasons for knowledge: invasion was connected to wealth and money. Explain that Q Who were the Romans? After completion, discuss the events as a whole class to ensure over the next few lessons we shall be focusing on Roman Q What do you know about them already? that the children understand the vocabulary and events described money / coins. Q Where do they originate from? * Option to use CT to show children a map, children to locate Rome and Britain. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm or RESOURCES Explain that the Romans invaded Britain. http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/romans.html Q What does the word ‘invade’ mean? for further information about the key dates and events involved in Websites: the Roman invasion. http://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/preload.htm To understand why they invaded Britain we must examine what http://www.sparklebox.co.uk/topic/past/roman-empire.html was happening in Britain before the invasion. -
The Influence of Achaemenid Persia on Fourth-Century and Early Hellenistic Greek Tyranny
THE INFLUENCE OF ACHAEMENID PERSIA ON FOURTH-CENTURY AND EARLY HELLENISTIC GREEK TYRANNY Miles Lester-Pearson A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826 This item is protected by original copyright The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny Miles Lester-Pearson This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews Submitted February 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Miles Lester-Pearson, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 88,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2015. Date: Signature of Candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. -
The Ependytes in Classical Athens
THE EPENDYTES IN CLASSICAL ATHENS (PLATES 51-55) To the memoryof Richard D. Sullivan T HE FEW REFERENCES to the ependytes in Classical Greek literature occur in three fragments of Attic drama preserved by Pollux (VII.45): XLTWV EpELSSXLTCTVLOTKOS' XLTCeJVLOV, LaTLOV. ETEL E KaL 0 E(XEV8VVT7)S- EOTLV EV T7 TCV 7OXX XP7OEL, OOTLS' /3OVXOLTO KaL TOVTC TO ovo4LalTL /07)OE^LV .avIX() OVTL, XA7pTTEOvavro EK TCeV 1o00OK\EOVS1 IXvvTpLCOV (TrGF, F 439): 7rE-atXOVSTE v77oaL XLVOYEVE^LST' E'JTEv8VTas. KaL ?EOT7LS UE 7TOVO')TLV EV T^ HEvOEZL(TrGF, I, F 1 c): 'pyq( VOMLJ'EVE/3PL' EXELTEV 3VT7_VV. aVTLKPVS'86E OKELTO E'VTi- NLKOXacpovs,'HpaKXEL X0PopYW (I, p. 771.5 Kock): 4pEPEVVZV TaXECos, XLTCvJa TOVO E7XEV8VTflV Tf VVVXP/3VVXEL EL LV. The lines are disappointingly undescriptive,indicating only that an ependytes can be of linen and is somehow associatedwith the chiton, and that at an earlier period (?) it had a more general meaning, closer to the root of the word, as "thatwhich is put on over."1 Works frequently cited are abbreviatedas follows: Add = L. Burn and R. Glynn, Beazley Addenda,Oxford 1982 Bieber = M. Bieber, History of the Greekand Roman Theater,2nd ed., Princeton 1981 Burn = L. Burn, The Meidias Painter, Oxford 1987 Laskares = N. Laskares, Mop4aL LEpE'(V (X;r'LapXaLov MV7JEfLV?>>, AE?\T 8, 1923 (1925), pp. 103-116 LSAM = F. Sokolowski,Lois sacre'esde l'Asie Mineure, Paris 1955 LSCG = F. Sokolowski,Lois sacreesdes cite'sgrecques, Paris 1969 LSCG-S = F. Sokolowski,Lois sacre'esdes cite'sgrecques. Supple'ment, Paris 1962 Mantes = A. G. -
Elementary, My Dear Readers
NEW ORLEANS NOSTALGIA Remembering New Orleans History, Culture and Traditions By Ned Hémard Elementary, My Dear Readers NCIS (which stands for Naval Criminal Investigative Service) is an extremely popular “police procedural” television drama that has spun off as a New Orleans series. NCIS: New Orleans, which airs Tuesday nights on CBS, is set in the Crescent City and it would be highly unusual if you haven’t seen the show filming around town. It premiered on September 23, 2014. The episodes revolve around a fictional team of agents led by Special Agent Dwayne Cassius “King” Pride, Special Agent Christopher LaSalle, and Special Agent Meredith Brody. They handle criminal investigations involving the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. If the NCIS team seems to be everywhere you look these days, allow yourself to travel back in literary time and imagine another famous detective team present all around you. Even if their bailiwick was late Victorian England, I seem to feel their presence all around this historic city. Perhaps you will, too. Arthur Conan Doyle penned his first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet, in novel form in 1886 at the age of 27. In it Holmes expounded: “Criminal cases are continually hinging upon that one point. A man is suspected of a crime months perhaps after it has been committed. His linen or clothes are examined and brownish stains discovered upon them. Are they blood stains, or mud stains, or rust stains, or fruit stains, or what are they? That is a question which has puzzled many an expert, and why? Because there was no reliable test. -
Ing Items Have Been Registered
ACCEPTANCES Page 1 of 27 August 2017 LoAR THE FOLLOWING ITEMS HAVE BEEN REGISTERED: ÆTHELMEARC Ceara Cháomhanach. Device. Purpure, a triquetra Or between three natural tiger’s heads cabossed argent marked sable. There is a step from period practice for the use of natural tiger’s heads. Serena Milani. Name change from Eydís Vígdísardóttir (see RETURNS for device). The submitter’s previous name, Eydís Vígdísardóttir, is retained as an alternate name. Valgerðr inn rosti. Device. Argent, three sheep passant to sinister sable, each charged with an Elder Futhark fehu rune argent, a bordure gules. AN TIR Ailionóra inghean Tighearnaigh. Device change. Argent, a polypus per pale gules and sable within a bordure embattled per pale sable and gules. The submitter’s previous device, Argent, on a bend engrailed azure between a brown horse rampant and a tree eradicated proper three gouttes argent, is retained as a badge. Aline de Seez. Badge. (Fieldless) A hedgehog rampant azure maintaining an arrow inverted Or flighted sable. Nice badge! Alrikr Ivarsson. Name (see RETURNS for device). The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language or culture. Both name elements are in the same language, Old East Norse, but we cannot say for sure whether they are close enough in time to be authentic for a specific era. Anna Gheleyns. Badge (see RETURNS for device). Or, a rabbit rampant sable within a chaplet of ivy vert. Annaliese von Himmelreich. Name and device. Gules, a nautilus shell argent and on a chief Or three crows regardant sable. Annora of River Haven. Name. River Haven is the registered name of an SCA branch. -
Slctccstcvsljtvc Antr
Slctccstcvsljtvc antr 10th January, 1855. A MEETING was held in the Town Library, Guild Hall, Leicester, for the purpose of establishing this society. The Venerable the Archdeacon of Leicester was in the chair. He requested Mr. Ingram (the honorary secretary, pro tempore) to read the letters received from various persons who had signified their desire to become members.—The first was from the Bishop of the Diocese, who also expressed his willingness to promote the objects of the society. The second was from Earl Howe, regretting his inability to attend. In a previous letter his lordship stated " I shall be very happy to be enrolled a member, and I assure you I take a decided interest in your proceedings/' Letters from the Rev. G. E. Gillett (mentioning that the Duke of Rutland would accept the office of Patron); from Sir F. G. Fowke (excus ing his non-attendance on the ground of ill health, which con fined him to his room); and from Mr. Geoffrey Palmer (apolo gizing for his inability to be present)—were also laid before the meeting. This part of the business being concluded, the venerable Chairman called on Mr. W. Perry-Herrick, who rose to move the first resolution. He expressed his gratification at being able to take part in the formation of a society which he felt certain would be attended with many beneficial effects, in conducing to the study of eccle siastical architecture and general antiquities in the county. He stated his regret that he was so little acquainted with either Archaeology or Architecture ; but that he knew sufficient to enable him to appreciate the value of the labours of those who had leisure to devote themselves more particularly to these interesting pur suits, and he hoped, by associating with them at the meetings of the society, he might improve his knowledge, and receive much information and instruction. -
Ancient Magic and Modern Accessories: Developments in the Omamori Phenomenon
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2015 Ancient Magic and Modern Accessories: Developments in the Omamori Phenomenon Eric Teixeira Mendes Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Asian History Commons, Buddhist Studies Commons, and the History of Religions of Eastern Origins Commons Recommended Citation Mendes, Eric Teixeira, "Ancient Magic and Modern Accessories: Developments in the Omamori Phenomenon" (2015). Master's Theses. 626. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/626 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ANCIENT MAGIC AND MODERN ACCESSORIES: DEVELOPMENTS IN THE OMAMORI PHENOMENON by Eric Teixeira Mendes A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Comparative Religion Western Michigan University August 2015 Thesis Committee: Stephen Covell, Ph.D., Chair LouAnn Wurst, Ph.D. Brian C. Wilson, Ph.D. ANCIENT MAGIC AND MODERN ACCESSORIES: DEVELOPMENTS IN THE OMAMORI PHENOMENON Eric Teixeira Mendes, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2015 This thesis offers an examination of modern Japanese amulets, called omamori, distributed by Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines throughout Japan. As amulets, these objects are meant to be carried by a person at all times in which they wish to receive the benefits that an omamori is said to offer. In modern times, in addition to being a religious object, these amulets have become accessories for cell-phones, bags, purses, and automobiles. -
Render Unto Caesar
RENDER UNTO CAESAR Weekly transmission 44-2017 presents: Then went the Pharisees, and took counsel how they might entangle him in his talk... II Should we pay or shouldn't we? Permission to resist taxes ? III-IV Weekly Drawing by Théophile Bouchet: Jesus became indignant VI Rembrandt. The Tribute Money, original etching, 1634 1 Evocation de la vente du Cabinet Debois de 1844 3 Previous transmissions can be found at: www.plantureux.fr Matthew 22:15-22 — KJV [King James Version] 15. Then went the Pharisees, and took counsel how they might entangle him in his talk. 16. And they sent out unto him their disciples with the Herodians, saying, Master, we know that thou art true, and teachest the way of God in truth, neither carest thou for any man: for thou regardest not the person of men. 17. Tell us therefore, What thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar, or not? 18. But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites? 19. Shew me the tribute money. And they brought unto him a penny. 20. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? 21. They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's. 22. When they had heard these words, they marvelled, and left him, and went their way. The e-bulletins present articles as well as selections of books, albums, photographs and documents as they have been handed down to the actual owners by their creators and by amateurs from past generations.