Cetatea Greaca Intre Real Si Imaginar
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The Influence of Achaemenid Persia on Fourth-Century and Early Hellenistic Greek Tyranny
THE INFLUENCE OF ACHAEMENID PERSIA ON FOURTH-CENTURY AND EARLY HELLENISTIC GREEK TYRANNY Miles Lester-Pearson A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2015 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11826 This item is protected by original copyright The influence of Achaemenid Persia on fourth-century and early Hellenistic Greek tyranny Miles Lester-Pearson This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews Submitted February 2015 1. Candidate’s declarations: I, Miles Lester-Pearson, hereby certify that this thesis, which is approximately 88,000 words in length, has been written by me, and that it is the record of work carried out by me, or principally by myself in collaboration with others as acknowledged, and that it has not been submitted in any previous application for a higher degree. I was admitted as a research student in September 2010 and as a candidate for the degree of PhD in September 2011; the higher study for which this is a record was carried out in the University of St Andrews between 2010 and 2015. Date: Signature of Candidate: 2. Supervisor’s declaration: I hereby certify that the candidate has fulfilled the conditions of the Resolution and Regulations appropriate for the degree of PhD in the University of St Andrews and that the candidate is qualified to submit this thesis in application for that degree. -
A Héber És Az Árja Nyelvek Ősi Rokonságáról
A HÉBER ÉS AZ ÁRJA NYELVEK ŐSI ROKONSÁGÁRÓL ÍRTA D2 ENGELMANN GÉZA Vox diversa sonat. Populorum est vox tamen una. Martialis. BUDAPEST, 1943 A szerző fentartja jogait, a fordítás jogát is. A kiadásért felelős: Dr. Engelmann Géza. 3973. Franklin-Társulat nyomdája. — Ltvay ödön„ BREYER RUDOLF EMLÉKÉNEK Erat autem terra labii unius, et sermo- num eorumdem. Genesis XI. 1. Es gibt alté durch die historische eritik in acht und bann gethane meldungen, derén untilg- barer grund sich immer wieder luft macht, wie man sagt dasz versunkne sch&tze nach- blühen und von zeit zu zeit ina schosz der erde aufw&rts rücken, damit sie endlich noch gehoben werden. Jacób Grimm (Vorrede zur Geschichte der deutschen sprache.) I. Poéta fai, e canfcai di quel giusto flgliuol d'Anchise che venne daTroia poi che'l superbo Ili5n fa combusto. Dante, lnferno, I. 73# A szerelem könyörtelen istennője egyszer maga is szerelemre lobbant. Erről szól egy régi görög ének, a homerosi himnuszok egyike. Anohises, pásztorok királya volt az, akibe beleszeretett Aphrodité. Szégyenszemre, halandó emberbe. így akarta a kárörvendő végzet. Nem bírta az istennő sem a kínzó vágyat. Felöltözött királykisasszonynak és fölkereste Anchi- sest az Idahegyen. Éppen egyedül volt otthon. Bojtárjai a hegy oldalán legeltették nyájait. Otreus király leánya vagyok, szólt Aphrodité szendén. Hírből ismered, ugye, az édesapámat? Azért jöttem, hogy meghívjalak mihozzánk, mert Hermes isten megjósolta nekem, hogy te leszel a párom. Gyere velem édes apámhoz ós kérd meg a kezemet. Szép hozományom is van, és kelengyém királyleányhoz illő. Anchises csak nézte, nézte az égi tüneményt. Aztán férfiasan válaszolt: Nem kell ehhez édesapád. Ölelő karjába zárta. -
Archons (Commanders) [NOTICE: They Are NOT Anlien Parasites], and Then, in a Mirror Image of the Great Emanations of the Pleroma, Hundreds of Lesser Angels
A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES WATCH THIS IMPORTANT VIDEO UFOs, Aliens, and the Question of Contact MUST-SEE THE OCCULT REASON FOR PSYCHOPATHY Organic Portals: Aliens and Psychopaths KNOWLEDGE THROUGH GNOSIS Boris Mouravieff - GNOSIS IN THE BEGINNING ...1 The Gnostic core belief was a strong dualism: that the world of matter was deadening and inferior to a remote nonphysical home, to which an interior divine spark in most humans aspired to return after death. This led them to an absorption with the Jewish creation myths in Genesis, which they obsessively reinterpreted to formulate allegorical explanations of how humans ended up trapped in the world of matter. The basic Gnostic story, which varied in details from teacher to teacher, was this: In the beginning there was an unknowable, immaterial, and invisible God, sometimes called the Father of All and sometimes by other names. “He” was neither male nor female, and was composed of an implicitly finite amount of a living nonphysical substance. Surrounding this God was a great empty region called the Pleroma (the fullness). Beyond the Pleroma lay empty space. The God acted to fill the Pleroma through a series of emanations, a squeezing off of small portions of his/its nonphysical energetic divine material. In most accounts there are thirty emanations in fifteen complementary pairs, each getting slightly less of the divine material and therefore being slightly weaker. The emanations are called Aeons (eternities) and are mostly named personifications in Greek of abstract ideas. -
The Greatest Mirror: Heavenly Counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha
The Greatest Mirror Heavenly Counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha Andrei A. Orlov On the cover: The Baleful Head, by Edward Burne-Jones. Oil on canvas, dated 1886– 1887. Courtesy of Art Resource. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 2017 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY www.sunypress.edu Production, Dana Foote Marketing, Fran Keneston Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Orlov, Andrei A., 1960– author. Title: The greatest mirror : heavenly counterparts in the Jewish Pseudepigrapha / Andrei A. Orlov. Description: Albany, New York : State University of New York Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016052228 (print) | LCCN 2016053193 (ebook) | ISBN 9781438466910 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781438466927 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Apocryphal books (Old Testament)—Criticism, interpretation, etc. Classification: LCC BS1700 .O775 2017 (print) | LCC BS1700 (ebook) | DDC 229/.9106—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016052228 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For April DeConick . in the season when my body was completed in its maturity, there imme- diately flew down and appeared before me that most beautiful and greatest mirror-image of myself. -
Thucydides on the Outbreak of War
THUCYDIDES ON THE OUTBREAK OF WAR by Seth N. Jaffe A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Seth Nathan Jaffe (2012) Abstract Thucydides on the Outbreak of War By Seth N. Jaffe A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Political Science University of Toronto (2012) This project illuminates Thucydides’ political thought through a novel interpretation of the first book of the History of the Peloponnesian War. It explores how Thucydides reveals the human causes of war through the outbreak of a particular war, the Peloponnesian war. The primary claim is that Thucydides intends the breakdown of the Thirty Years’ Peace between Athens and the Peloponnesians, which inaugurates the great Peloponnesian war, to be understood by grasping how the characters of the Athenian and Spartan regimes contribute to the outbreak of the war and, crucially, how Athens and Sparta differently express human nature. In broad outline, the History’s first book reveals how the regime characters of Athens and Sparta inform their respective foreign policies, but also how the interaction between the two cities—informed by the distinctive necessities pressing upon them— causes the Hellenic status quo to tremble and fall. Throughout the first book, while never obscuring the specific events triggering war, Thucydides progressively develops and expands his original statement that it was Spartan fear of Athenian power that compelled the fighting. The study argues that necessity (or compulsion) is the bright thread that Thucydides uses to guide his reader through the episodes of the first book, from the immediate causes of the Peloponnesian war to the human causes of war, from the particular events to the History’s universal themes. -
Medical Language in the Speeches of Demosthenes Allison Das a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
Medical Language in the Speeches of Demosthenes Allison Das A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Ruby Blondell, Chair Deborah Kamen Alexander Hollmann Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics Department Allison Das ii ©Copyright 2015 Allison E. Das Allison Das iii University of Washington Abstract Medical Language in the Speeches of Demosthenes Allison E. Das Chair of Supervisory Committee Dr. Ruby Blondell Classics Department Introduction This project is intended as an examination of medical language and imagery in the speeches of Demosthenes, with special attention given to his speeches against his political opponent Aeschines, Against the False Embassy (19) and On the Crown (18). In Chapter 1, I contextualize his use of such language and imagery by exploring the influence of Hippocratic medicine on fourth- and fifth-century non-medical literature. I argue that the shared anxieties of medicine and politics, namely that both arts demand quick action and foresight on the part of the good practitioner, and the rich new vocabulary of suffering and disease, made Hippocratic medicine an enticing model for the political writer, that is, the historian, philosopher, and orator. Demosthenes' medical language and imagery should thus be seen as part of a tradition of analogizing the two arts, which began during the circulation of the first Hippocratic treatises and continued well into and past his own day. Allison Das iv In Chapter 2, I look at medical language and imagery in Demosthenes' prosecution of Aeschines for political misconduct during the Second Embassy to Philip II of Macedon, On the False Embassy. -
Etica E Politica Nell'opera Di Eschine Di Sfetto
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici Scuola di dottorato in Scienze Storiche, Archeologiche e Storico- Artistiche Dottorato di Ricerca in Storia – XXVI Ciclo Indirizzo “Storia Antica” Etica e politica nell’opera di Eschine di Sfetto. Una lettura socratica dell’Atene di V secolo Dottoranda Tutor Michela Tafuri Prof.sa Luisa Breglia Anno Accademico 2012 – 2013 INDICE Introduzione ……………………………………....……………………….. p 4 PARTE PRIMA: L’ASPASIA SOCRATICA FRA ETICA E POLITICA CAPITOLO I: L’ Aspasia di Eschine ……………………….………..….... p. 12 1. 1. Le testimonianze del dialogo ….…………………………..…………… p. 13 1. 2. Ricostruzione della trama ……….…………………………………….... p. 70 CAPITOLO II: Aspasia nella tradizione socratica …………….………… p. 73 2. 1 Dal dibattito comico al paradigma socratico ………………………….....p. 73 2. 2. Antistene e l’ eros di Aspasia ………………………………………...... p. 106 2. 3. Il Menesseno e la retorica di Aspasia………………………………….. p. 130 PARTE SECONDA: L’ALCIBIADE SOCRATICO E LA QUESTIONE DELLA PAIDEIA POLITICA ………………….. p. 170 CAPITOLO 1. L’Alcibiade di Eschine …………………………………… p. 171 1. 1. Le testimonianze del dialogo …………………………………………..p. 173 1. 2. Ricostruzione della trama …………………………………………........p. 216 CAPITOLO II. L’ episteme politica nella dialettica Temistocle-Alcibiade ……………………………….…………………………………………….....p. 220 2. 1. L’ Alcibiade I e la conoscenza di sé …………………………………….p. 221 3 2. 2. L’ “ Eutidemo ” di Senofonte: tracce dell’ Alcibiade di Eschine ……...…p. 251 2. 3. Il Menone e la politica come techne …………………….…………..….p. 268 CAPITOLO III. Il mito di Alcibiade nell’immaginario socratico …………………………………………………...……………….p. 275 3. 1. Alcibiade nella letteratura socratica antica: un modello di politico aaideutos .........................................................................................................p. 275 3. 2. Alcibiade nel dibattito politico contemporaneo ………………………..p. 301 3. 3. Conclusioni: l’Alcibiade socratico fra Tucidide e gli oratori di IV secolo ………………………………………………………………………. -
Greek Religious Thought from Homer to the Age of Alexander
'The Library of Greek Thought GREEK RELIGIOUS THOUGHT FROM HOMER TO THE AGE OF ALEXANDER Edited by ERNEST BARKER, M.A., D.Litt., LL.D. Principal of King's College, University of London tl<s } prop Lt=. GREEK RELIGIOUS THOUGHT FROM HOMER TO THE AGE OF ALEXANDER BY F. M. CORNFORD, M.A. Fellow and Lecturer of Trinity College, Cambridge MCMXXIII LONDON AND TORONTO J. M. DENT & SONS LTD. NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON tf CO. HOTTO (E f- k> ) loUr\ P. DOTTO/U TALKS ) f^op Lt=. 7 yt All rights reserved f PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN TO WALTER DE LA MARE INTRODUCTION The purpose of this book is to let the English reader see for himself what the Greeks, from Homer to Aristotle, thought about the world, the gods and their relations to man, the nature and destiny of the soul, and the significance of human life. The form of presentation is prescribed by the plan of the series. The book is to be a compilation of extracts from the Greek authors, selected, so far as possible, without prejudice and translated with such honesty as a translation may have. This plan has the merit of isolating the actual thought of the Greeks in this period from all the constructions put upon it by later ages, except in so far as the choice of extracts must be governed by some scheme in the compiler's mind, which is itself determined by the limits of his knowledge and by other personal factors. In the book itself it is clearly his business to reduce the influence of these factors to the lowest point; but in the introduction it is no less his business to forewarn the reader against some of the consequences. -
Thucydides and the World of Nature
CHAPTER 2 Natural Upheavals in Thucydides (and Herodotus) Rosaria Vignolo Munson To my favorite historian and a master of nonverbal communication, I dedi cate this inquiry: is the physical world a sender of signs? I am sure that Don ald Lateiner has his own answers, just as Herodotus and Thucydides had theirs. These authors were free from our environmental guilt and less bom barded than we are by the spectacle of humanitarian tragedies in every cor ner of the earth. Both of them, however, mention natural cataclysms in con nection with human actions and sociopolitical turmoil, most especially war. It is the thesis of this essay that, despite major differences, shared cultural assumptions emerge from the relations Herodotus and Thucydides establish between the natural and the human spheres. 1. World of Men and World of Nature In his introductory sentence, Thucydides calls the Peloponnesian War and its preliminary a Kivriau;... peyiaTr) for the Greek and partly for the non-Greek world (1.1.2). For most scholars (e.g., Hornblower 1991: 6), this is a reference to the "convulsion" caused by the war, and although Jeff Rusten makes a powerful argument (in this volume) that Kivr|au; here means "mobilization,"^ I. Elsewhere in Thucydides, kine- words refer, in fact, to unproblematic material transports. In one case, kined, while retaining its literal sense, is used somewhat abnormally (or, as Rusten shows, poetically) to denote a geological movement (2.8.3; s®® below, sec. 3). 41 42 KINESIS it would be a mistake to strip the term of all metaphorical undertones. In Aristotle's (in itself metaphorical) definition, metaphora consists in "the carry ing over [epiphora] of the name [onoma] of something to something else" (Poet ics 2i.i457b6-7). -
Pistis Sophia;
PISTIS SOPHIA; A GNOSTIC MISCELLANY: BEING FOR THE MOST PART EXTRACTS FROM THE BOOKS OF THE SAVIOUR, TO WHICH ARE ADDED EXCERPTS FROM A COGNATE LITERATURE; ENGLISHED By G. R. S. Mead. London: J. M. Watkins [1921] Biographical data: G. R. S. (George Robert Stow) Mead [1863-1933] NOTICE OF ATTRIBUTION. {rem Scanned at sacred-texts.com, June 2005. Proofed and formatted by John Bruno Hare. This text is in the public domain in the United States because it was published prior to 1923. It also entered the public domain in the UK and EU in 2003. These files may be used for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice of attribution is left intact in all copies. p. v CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE xvii INTRODUCTION The Askew Codex xxi The Scripts xxii The Contents xxiii The Title xxiv The Date of the MS. xxv Translated from the Greek xxvi Originals composed in Egypt xxviii Date: The 2nd-century Theory xxix The 3rd-century Theory xxix The 'Ophitic' Background xxxi Three vague Pointers xxxii The libertinist Sects of Epiphanius xxxiii The Severians xxxiv The Bruce Codex xxxv The Berlin Codex xxxvi The so-called Barbēlō-Gnostics xxxvii The Sethians xxxviii The present Position of the Enquiry xxxviii The new and the old Perspective in Gnostic Studies xxxix The Ministry of the First Mystery xl The post-resurrectional Setting xli The higher Revelation within this Setting xlii The Æon-lore xlii The Sophia Episode xliii The ethical Interest xliii The Mysteries xliv The astral Lore xlv Transcorporation xlv The magical Element xlvi History and psychic Story xlvii The P.S. -
A Consideration of the Philosophical Insights Of
A CONSIDERATION OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL INSIGHTS OF ERIC VOEGELIN: THE LIFE OF REASON, THE EQUIVALENT SYMBOL OF THE DIVINE HUMAN ENCOUNTER A dissertation by Claire Rawnsley, B.A.Hons. Submitted in fulfilment of PH.D in the Department of History, University of Queensland July 1998 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who have in various ways I have been kind enough to read and give advice regarding this thesis. First, I would thank the various lecturers in the History Department at University of Queensland who have assisted my work on this thesis from the beginning. There is Professor Paul Crook, Dr. John Moses, my supervisors, and also Dr. Martin Stuart-Fox who have all offered important criticism of my work. I would also like to thank those people whom I contacted in the Voegelin society, in particular, Dr. Geoffrey Price. He has generously offered many valuable suggestions and provided points that have had an important bearing of the thesis. I would also like to thank Mr. Mike Dyson who introduced me to the complexity of the world of Plato and Aristotle and gave me critical points to consider in that area. There are many others who have helped with the typing and editing of the several drafts. First there is Mrs. Irene Saunderson who typed the first draft of my thesis before I acquired some computer expertise. Then there is Ms. Robin Bennett who painstaking edited the draft and also Mrs.Mary Kooyman who kindly offered many valuable suggestions with the presentation and final editing. I would also like to thank Mrs.Rosemary van Opdenbosch who generously translated several articles from French and German. -
HETAIREIA in HOMER John Elias Esposito a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel
HETAIREIA IN HOMER John Elias Esposito A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Fred Naiden William H. Race James J. O’Hara Emily Baragwanath James Rives © 2015 John Elias Esposito ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John Elias Esposito: Hetaireia in Homer (Under the direction of Fred Naiden) This study addresses the neglected subject of hetaireia (roughly, “warrior- companionship”) in Homer. Although many discussions of Homer mention hetairoi in passing, no study treats semantic, poetic, social, and military aspects comprehensively. The purpose of this dissertation is to fill this gap. To this end I explicate the meaning of the heta(i)r- root, survey the social and military roles of Homeric hetairoi, and expose the way the Iliad and the Odyssey use hetaireia to portray pathos and character. The argument is informed by the etymology of heta(i)r- from the PIE reflexive *swe-, but rests on a catalogue and analysis of all scenes in which hetairoi appear. The four chapters of this dissertation argue that hetaireia is a major axis on which both epics turn. The two chapters on the Iliad show what the world is like when hetaireia dominates and consider how a poem about war focuses on the bond between warriors and their companions. The two chapters on the Odyssey show how the world changes when hetaireia disappears and consider how a poem about homecoming replaces the relationships of the battlefield with the relationship between the oikos and the gods.