sign in sign up
<<
Home , Basaltic andesite, Trachyandesite, Trachybasalt, White Deer Creek

U.S. Department of the Interior Scientific Investigations Map 3315 U.S. Geological Survey Prepared in cooperation with the Sheet 3 of 3 Water Resources Program of the Yakama Nation Pamphlet accompanies map

CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS LIST OF MAP UNITS bth of Toppenish Ridge (early Pleistocene) [Radioisotopic ages (ka) shown for dated units, rounded from table 1. Stipple indicates units partly [Stipple indicates partly or wholly pyroclastic. See DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS for specific age unit or wholly pyroclastic. See DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS for specific unit age assignments] btn Basalt north of Trout Creek (Pliocene) assignments] btp of Toppenish Creek (Pliocene) AGE SURFICIAL DEPOSITS VOLCANIC ROCKS SURFICIAL DEPOSITS AND BASEMENT ROCKS btr Basalt of Trout Creek (Pliocene) al Alluvium and deposits (Holocene) WESTERN SWATH EASTERN PLATEAUS bts Trachybasalt south of Toppenish Ridge (early Pleistocene) SWATH OF LESSER VENT DENSITY CENTRAL SWATH OF HIGH VENT DENSITY SIMCOE MOUNTAINS HIGHLAND oal Older alluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene) btw Basalt west of Tannawasha Pasture (Pliocene) cl Colluvium and talus (Holocene and Pleistocene) bub Trachybasalt of upper Blue Creek (early Pleistocene) ls Landslide deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene) bus Basalt of upper Sheep Creek (early Pleistocene) al Holocene Tcr Columbia River Basalt Group (Miocene) but Trachybasalt of upper Twentyfive Mile Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) VOLCANIC ROCKS buw Trachybasalt of upper White Creek (Pliocene) 10 ka [Listed alphabetically by three-letter map-unit label] cl ls aec east of Castle (Pliocene) bw Basalt and trachybasalt of White Creek (early Pleistocene)

apc Trachyandesite of Parrott Crossing (late Pleistocene) bwb Basalt of Wellenbrock Spring (Pliocene) bgb 68±10 bwc oal Late Pleistocene asi Trachyandesite of Simon Butte (early Pleistocene) bwc' Basalt of Wilson Charley Canyon Road (Pliocene)

awv Trachyandesite west of Vessey Springs (early Pleistocene) bwd Trachybasalt of White Deer Road (early Pleistocene or Pliocene)

ayc Trachyandesite of Yatama Creek (Pliocene) bwe Basaltic trachyandesite east of White Creek (Pliocene) apc 120±5 126 ka a72 Trachyandesite of Cone 3972 (Pliocene) bwf Basalt west of White Fir Creek (early Pleistocene) a72' Photograph showing stack of four thin Simcoe flows on east rim of Klickitat River gorge, midway between bbc Trachybasalt of divide (middle or early Pleistocene) bwg Basalt west of Garner Camp (Pliocene) its White Creek and Summit Creek (fig. 3). Nearly aphyric flows, each 8–20 m thick, are mapped as bfc 681±2 trachybasalt of Schafer Creek (3.25 Ma); they flowed southwest across low-relief surface of Miocene Colum- bbe Trachybasalt east of Bear Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) bwh Trachybasalt of White (Pliocene) bia River Basalt Group. Simcoe commonly form relatively thin rimrock stacks atop Columbia River Basalt Middle Pleistocene bcd bps 631±27 Group. Viewed northeastward in image, 50–70 m of Simcoe lavas rest on 250-m-thick exposure of Columbia bbl Trachybasalt of Blue Creek (early Pleistocene) bwi Trachybasalt of West Indian Rock (Pliocene) River Basalt Group, which here includes several members of Wanapum and Saddle Mountains (Bentley 674±4 byt bkb 688±25 b58 700±30 and others, 1980). bbw Basalt west of Bergie Springs (Pliocene) bwk Trachybasalt west of West Fork White Creek (early Pleistocene)

bnk bcc Trachybasalt of Clock Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) bwl Trachybasalt of Wall Canyon (early Pleistocene) Middle or Early bms b10 781 ka bbc byc Pleistocene bcd Trachybasalt of Cedar Creek (middle Pleistocene) bwp Basalt west of Poker Spring (early Pleistocene) 776±2 bsl bcf Trachybasalt of South Fork Camp (early Pleistocene) bwr Trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite of West Road (Pliocene) bof 967±4 bcl Trachybasalt of Campbell Line (Pliocene) bws Trachybasalt west of Stagman Butte (early Pleistocene) bpb' bpb 822±3 boh 981±14 blc bcp Trachybasalt of cinder pits west of Vessey Springs (early Pleistocene) bwt Trachybasalt west of Toppenish Creek (Pliocene) brs bpo 1,101±3 bcr bww' bww Basalt west of Wilson Charley Canyon (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) bcr' Trachybasalt of Coyote Springs Road (early Pleistocene) bcs Basalt of Camas Patch (early Pleistocene) bxc Trachybasalt of Section Corner Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene)

bcv byc Trachybasalt of Yeackel Camp (middle or early Pleistocene) bcv' Trachybasalt of Cedar Valley Road (early Pleistocene) bhb4 bcw Basalt west of Castle Rock (Pliocene) bys Basalt of South Fork Yatama Creek (Pliocene) bhb3 byt Trachybasalt of Yatama Creek (middle Pleistocene) bhb2 bcx Trachybasalt of Castle Rock (Pliocene)

bhb1 bnw bc2 b00 Trachybasalt of Cone 3600 (early Pleistocene) b30 1,276±5 bcp Trachybasalt of Cone 3572 (early Pleistocene) bc5' bc5 Trachybasalt of Cone 3895 (early Pleistocene) b01 Trachybasalt of Cone 3801 (Pliocene)

bsn bc6 Trachybasalt of Cone 3606 (early Pleistocene) b03 Basalt of Cone 4003 (early Pleistocene) bjb 1,350±50 bss bws 1,479±4 bnf 1,533±3 bc8 Trachybasalt of Cone 3580 (early Pleistocene) b10 Trachybasalt of Cone 3010 (middle or early Pleistocene)

bdf Trachybasalt of Dry Creek Falls (early Pleistocene) b14 Basalt of Shield 3114 (Pliocene) b85 b03 b29 1,420±4 bdl Basalt of Delaney Spring (Pliocene) b22 Basalt of Cone 3122 (early Pleistocene) bmf b23 bcr bdr Trachybasalt of Deer Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) Basalt of Cone 2823 (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) bcv 1,513±4 bgs bcv' bcr' mws 1,531±5 bds b27 Basalt of Cone 2784 (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) bds' Trachybasalt south of Dry Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) mes b63 beb Basalt east of Bowman Creek (Pliocene) b29 Basalt and trachybasalt of Hill 2946 (early Pleistocene) Photograph showing intracanyon stack of thin lava flows mapped as basalt of Outlet Falls (0.97 Ma), viewed bsb northward at confluence of Outlet Creek and Klickitat River gorge. At left, 100-m-thick stack of >30 flows rests bec Trachybasalt of Elk Creek (Pliocene) b30 Trachybasalt of Cone 3066 (early Pleistocene) QUARTERNARY on Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (beneath talus) and supports extensive low-relief plateau above rim. bst At right, beyond Klickitat River and River Route Road, low amphitheater is landslide complex at Borde Flats, b31 Basalt of Cone 3185 (early Pleistocene) bem Trachybasalt east of McKays Butte (early Pleistocene) above which rimrock is basalt of Pole Creek Road (3.3 Ma). bus beo Trachybasalt east of Olney Creek (early Pleistocene) b32 Trachybasalt of Cone 3632 (early Pleistocene) b37 bnt bes Trachybasalt east of Schafer Creek (early Pleistocene) b33 Trachybasalt of Cone 3303 (early Pleistocene) 1,328±2? bnb bew Basalt east of White Creek (Pliocene) b34 Trachybasalt of Cone 3401 (early Pleistocene) mnb bns' bns b36 bes b46 b32 bhs 1,566±3 b36' b36 bfc Trachybasalt of Featherbed Creek (middle Pleistocene) b36' Trachybasalt of Road Junction 3666 (early Pleistocene)

b33 bfr -rich trachybasalt north and south of Smith Butte (Pliocene) b37 Trachybasalt of Shield 3794 (early Pleistocene) bwf bly 1,697±20 1,687±5 bbl bub m93 bgb Basalt of Glaciate Butte (late Pleistocene) b39 Basalt of Cone 3963 (early Pleistocene) b34 bwk bsr 1,685±11 t39 b90 Early Pleistocene bgp b41 Trachybasalt of Crag 3541 (Pliocene) b94 bs 1,722±5 Basalt of Spring Creek pit (early Pleistocene)

asi b39 bgs b46 Trachybasalt of Cone 3346 (early Pleistocene) b97 b62 Trachybasalt of Graham Spring (early Pleistocene) 1,675±5 bsc X mtc bem b00 bhb1 bhb2 Trachybasalt of Hagerty Butte (early Pleistocene) b47 Basalt of Cone 5147 (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) bkl 1,748±5; 1,740±2 bhb3 bhb4 b52 Basalt of Knob 5268 (Pliocene) 1,875±3 bsi bop b73 bhf b73' Trachybasalt of Hoppers Flat (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) b58 Trachybasalt of Cone 5822 (middle Pleistocene) bsw 2,060±10 bsf bhs Trachybasalt of Hog Swamp (early Pleistocene) b59 Basalt and trachybasalt of Cone 5659 (Pliocene) 1,609±2 b31 bcs b22 bw 1,885±5 1,882±17 bht Trachybasalt at Tepee Creek headwaters (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) b60 Basalt of Cone 3560 (early Pleistocene) bsd b76 btc bc5' bc5 bhw Basalt at White Fir Creek headwaters (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) b62 Trachybasalt of Cone 2862 (early Pleistocene)

bcf mns bix Basalt of IXL Crossing Road (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) b63 Trachybasalt of Cone 2763 (early Pleistocene)

bgp bjb Basalt of Jungle Butte (early Pleistocene) b65 Trachybasalt of Cone 2865 (Pliocene)

bjs bsu Trachybasalt of Jungle Spring (Pliocene) b66 Trachybasalt of Cone 2663 (early Pleistocene or Pliocene)

bkb Trachybasalt of Kaiser Butte (middle Pleistocene) b68 Basalt of Shield 2368 (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) bwl bdf Photograph showing semi-arid plateaus typical of northeast part of Simcoe Mountains volcanic field. View southwestward upstream along Logy Creek near confluence of Spring Creek (at right). Gorge of Logy Creek is b73 bkc Trachybasalt of Kusshi Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) Basalt and trachybasalt of Cone 2873 (early Pleistocene) ~130 m deep, walled mostly by Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group. Numerous ledges low on gorge walls and beo bsm' bsm 2,056±25 b73' in foreground are remnants of intracanyon lava flows of trachybasalt of Yatama Creek (~674 ka), one of bkl Trachybasalt of Klose Butte (early Pleistocene) b76 Trachybasalt of Cone 3176 (early Pleistocene) youngest units in volcanic field. Thin rimrocks on both sides of gorge are lava flows of basalt of South Fork bts bor 2,079±6 bmb Yatama Creek (~3.7 Ma), one of oldest Simcoe units. In background, 20 km southwest, forested Simcoe blc Basalt of Logy Creek confluence (early Pleistocene) b80 Trachybasalt of Cone 2880 (Pliocene) Mountains composite shield rises as high as 1,000 m above plateau. bth b60 bc6 bc2 bc8 bld Basalt and basaltic of Logy Creek divide (Pliocene) b81 Basalt of Crossing 2081 (Pliocene) 2,136±5 boc bln Basalt of lower North Fork Logy Creek (Pliocene) b82 Trachybasalt of Cone 2582 (Pliocene) mvs bwp blo Basalt of Lost Springs (Pliocene) b84 Trachybasalt of Hill 3484 (Pliocene) awv blp Trachybasalt of Lincoln Plateau (Pliocene) b85 Trachybasalt of Cone 3985 (early Pleistocene)

bls Basalt of Logy Creek-Spring Creek divide (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) b90 Trachybasalt of Cone 3590 (early Pleistocene)

blw Trachybasalt west of South Fork Logy Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) b94 Basalt of Cone 3294 (early Pleistocene)

bly Trachybasalt of Lyon Spring (early Pleistocene) b97 Trachybasalt of Cone 3197 (early Pleistocene)

bmb Trachybasalt of McKays Butte (early Pleistocene) b98 Trachybasalt of Knob 3598 (early Pleistocene or Pliocene)

bmc Basalt east of Mike Coon Hillside (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) dni Trachydacite north of Indian Rock (Pliocene)

bmf Trachybasalt of Middle Fork Dry Creek (early Pleistocene) mbr Basaltic trachyandesite of Boundary Road (Pliocene?)

bms Basalt of McCumber Spring (middle or early Pleistocene) mcc bds of Section Corner Creek (Pliocene) bds' bxc bdr bix mxc bnb Trachybasalt north of Blue Creek (early Pleistocene) mes Basaltic trachyandesite east of Sheep Butte (early Pleistocene) bls bkc Early Pleistocene b27 b68 bnf Trachybasalt of North Fork Dry Creek (early Pleistocene) mkc Basaltic andesite of Kusshi Creek (Pliocene) or Pliocene 2,588 ka bpr b66 b23 bwd bcc bmc bht tvs bhf but bhw blw msg b98 bww' bww bnk bso bbe Basalt north of Kinney Creek (middle or early Pleistocene) mnb Basaltic trachyandesite north of Blue Creek (early Pleistocene) b47 bsa bnl Basalt of North Fork Logy Creek (Pliocene) mnf Basaltic trachyandesite of North Fork Logy Creek (Pliocene) b01 bns' bns Trachybasalt north of Sheep Creek (early Pleistocene) mns Basaltic trachyandesite north of Spring Creek (early Pleistocene)

bnt Trachybasalt north of Twentyfive Mile Creek (early Pleistocene) mrw Basaltic andesite west of Satus Ranger Station (Pliocene)

bnw Trachybasalt northwest of Stagman Butte (early Pleistocene) msc Basaltic andesite of Surveyors Creek (Pliocene) Photograph showing Indian Rock composite multi-vent shield , draping Simcoe Mountains anticline, viewed northward from farmlands 2 km west of Goldendale. High point on skyline (elevation 1,775 m) is Indian bob Basalt of Old Indian Treaty Boundary (Pliocene) msg Basaltic trachyandesite of South Fork Springs (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) Rock vent for subalkaline basalt (~4 Ma); it stands 19 km north of camera (elevation 500 m). Much of shield is subalkaline and 4.0–3.4 Ma, but numerous scoria cones on its flanks produced mafic alkaline lavas in interval boc Trachybasalt of Olney Creek (early Pleistocene) msk Basaltic andesite of Signal Peak (Pliocene) 0.9–0.6 Ma. Products of Simcoe Mountains volcanic field cover almost entire field of view, although Miocene b65 Columbia River Basalt Group is well exposed along anticlinal crest to east and west. Large scoria cone, 200 m btb 3,262±5 bof Basalt of Outlet Falls (early Pleistocene) msl Basaltic trachyandesite of South Fork Logy Creek (Pliocene) high at left, is trachybasaltic Jackknife Butte, which erupted ~714 ka. On skyline directly above Jackknife a72 blp 3,278±9 3,273±12 Butte is Potato Butte, a trachybasaltic scoria cone dated at ~822 ka. Small east-facing step on central skyline bsh 3,251±7 a72' boh Trachybasalt of Hill (early Pleistocene) msp Basaltic trachyandesite of Signal Peak Road (Pliocene) bwe is Lakebeds fault scarp; high point on its west rim is trachybasaltic Cone 5822 (unit b58; ~700 ka). blo msp 3,286±6 3,280±8 bsp b82 bop Trachybasalt of Old Peavine Ridge Road (early Pleistocene) msr Basaltic trachyandesite of Satus Ranger Station (Pliocene)

b80 bwr bor Trachybasalt of Oak Spring Road (early Pleistocene) mtc Basaltic trachyandesite of Tepee Creek (early Pleistocene) bec bcl 3,298±10 b84 bta 3,464±4 bwt bos Basalt of upper Summit Creek (Pliocene) mtw Basaltic andesite west of Tannawasha Pasture (Pliocene) b14 bot Basalt of Twentyfive Mile Creek (Pliocene) mvs Trachybasalt and basaltic trachyandesite south of Vessey Springs (early Pleistocene) bwh b41 bpb' bpb Trachybasalt of Potato Butte (early Pleistocene) mws Basaltic trachyandesite west of Smith Butte (early Pleistocene) bew msr 3,477±73 btp mcc bpc Trachybasalt of Pole Creek Road (Pliocene) mxc Basaltic trachyandesite of Section Corner Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) b81 bpc 3,325±23 bsk bsz 3,323±6 bcx bdl bte 3,447±10 rwc bpo Trachybasalt of Poland Butte (early Pleistocene) m46 bcw Basaltic andesite of Hill 4600 (Pliocene) brr btn btr buw bpr Trachybasalt of Peavine Ridge Spring (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) m93 Basaltic trachyandesite and trachyandesite of Hill 3293 (early Pleistocene) bwb 3,440±70 bfr aec mkc bps Trachybasalt of Pretty Swamp (middle Pleistocene) rel east of Lakebeds (Pliocene) msl 3,550±4 Pliocene brr Basalt of River Route Road (Pliocene) ret Rhyolite east of Tadpole Lake (Pliocene)

bbw rtc btw 4,027±61 brs Trachybasalt of Satus Ranger Station Road (early Pleistocene) rkc Rhyolite of Kusshi Creek (Pliocene) 3,685±143 msk mtw bs Trachybasalt of Smith Butte (early Pleistocene) rsc Rhyolite of Satus Creek (Pliocene) bys bjs 3,708±37 TERTIARY bsa Basalt of Satus Creek (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) rtc Rhyolite of Tenie Creek (Pliocene) 3,820±57 bwg msc bld bsb Trachybasalt of Sheep Butte (early Pleistocene) rwc Rhyolite of Wilson Charley Canyon (Pliocene) bos bot beb 3,841±14 b59 bsc bwc' bwc Trachybasalt of Summit Creek (early Pleistocene) tvs south of Vessey Springs (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) 3,990±43 bwi bob mrw bsd Trachybasalt and basalt of South Fork Dry Creek (early Pleistocene) t39 Trachyte of Cone 3963 (early Pleistocene) ret bsf Trachybasalt of Starvation Flats (early Pleistocene) ayc rkc m46 bsh EXPLANATION OF MAP SYMBOLS Trachybasalt and basalt of Schafer Creek (Pliocene) y Photograph showing bench-forming intracanyon lava flows at confluence of Satus Creek and Wilson Charley b52 o Contact—Dashed where approximately located. Internal contact defines flow boundaries. Canyon. View is toward northwest, across Highway 97 (hidden on canyon floor of Satus Creek) and up Wilson bsi Trachybasalt and basalt of Simon Butte (early Pleistocene) Relative unit ages: y, younger; o, older. Scratch boundary shows where detailed mapping Charley Canyon, the 300-m-high wall that consists of Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group lavas. Bench with ends grassy strip has 15-m-high rim ledge of -rich basaltic unit bww, which here overlies 70-m scarp that rsc dni bsk Basalt southeast of Klose Butte (Pliocene) consists of 10 thin flows of exceptionally fluid, low- basalt of Satus Creek (unit bsa). Both units Oblique-slip fault—Dashed where approximately located; dotted where concealed. Arrows flowed down Wilson Charley Canyon, and unit bsa continued from the confluence for at least 9 km farther bsl Trachybasalt of South Fork Logy Creek (middle or early Pleistocene) show right-lateral offset; ball and bar on downthrown block rel down Satus Creek (to the right). Because both basalts are near the canyon floor, they are probably early Pleistocene, younger than most eruptive products of the Simcoe Mountains volcanic field. bsm' bsm Trachybasalt of Stagman Butte (early Pleistocene) Anticline—Dotted where concealed bnl bsn Trachybasalt north of Smith Butte (early Pleistocene) Dike

mnf bso Trachybasalt southwest of Oak Hill (early Pleistocene or Pliocene) Volcanic vent—Does not include craters and fissures

bsp Trachybasalt east of Schafer Pocket (Pliocene) Volcanic mbr bln bsr Trachybasalt of Shamrock Spring (early Pleistocene) Lava flow direction 5,332 ka bss Basalt south of Summit Creek (early Pleistocene) X -rich cumulate—Found in unit bsc exposed on west wall of Summit Creek gorge

bst Trachybasalt of Stag trig (early Pleistocene) Pyroclastic deposit

bsu Basalt of upper Spring Creek (early Pleistocene) Head or main scarp of landslide—Hachures point downslope. Arrow shows direction of BASEMENT ROCKS movement bsw Basalt west of Simon Butte (early Pleistocene) Gravel pit Miocene bsz Trachybasalt of Schwartz Line (Pliocene) Spring bta Trachybasalt of Tannawasha Pasture (Pliocene)

btb Trachybasalt and basalt of Twin Buttes (Pliocene) Tcr btc Basalt of Tepee Creek (early Pleistocene)

bte Trachybasalt of Tenie Creek (Pliocene)

Geologic Map of the Simcoe Mountains , Main Central Segment, Yakama Nation, Washington Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Federal Center, By Denver, CO 80225, 1–888–ASK–USGS Digital files available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3315 or http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3315/ Suggested citation: Hildreth, Wes, and Fierstein, Judy, 2015, Geologic map of the Simcoe Wes Hildreth and Judy Fierstein ISSN 2329-1311 (print) Mountains volcanic field, main central segment, Yakama Nation, Washington: ISSN 2329-132X (online) U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3315, scale 1:24,000, 3 sheets, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3315 pamphlet 76 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3315.