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Aserbaidschan Eine unabhängige Beilage produziert von The Report Company 13 Aserbaidschan Ein aufsteigender Phönix Aserbaidschan ist mit gewaltigen Öl- und Erdgas-Reserven gesegnet – in einem ansonsten oft übersehenen Teil der Welt beginnt nun der Stern des Landes zu strahlen. Die Regierung ist dabei, die wirtschaftliche Basis zu erweitern und das Land als starke Regionalkraft zu etablieren. Welche Bedeutung hat die aufstrebende Nation für Europas Zukunft? Diversifizierung Kultur IKT S. 08 Vision 2020 S. 11 Ein kulturelles Füllhorn S. 09 2013 ist das Jahr der IKT Öl und Gas S. 06 Europas Träume stützen Mega-Projekte sprengen S.12 architektonische Grenzen Baku und wandeln das Antlitz Hauptstadt des Investments von Baku im Eiltempo 1 S.02 S.11 S.05 S.10 MEINUNG TOURISMUS INTERNATIONALE SPORT BEZIEHUNGEN Ein Wirtschafts- Goldene Partner- wunder Für jeden schaft, goldene Baku: etwas Möglichkeiten Olympia-Stadt Der Wirtschafts- wissenschaftler Der Stern von Die deutsch-aser- Aserbaidschan Fuad Akhundov Aserbaidschan baidschanischen investiert kräf- erklärt Aserbaid- erleuchtet den Beziehungen werden tig in sportliche schans Erfolg Tourismus zunehmend enger Erfolge VOM ALTEN LAND DES FEUERS ZUM MODERNEN KRAFTWERK Aserbaidschan liegt zwischen Europa und Asien. Es ist das Land mit der weltweit am schnellsten wachsenden Wirtschaft und es entwickelt sich zu einem Schlüsselpartner des Westens in der Region. Autor: Oliver Moss Aserbaidschan – der Name klingt exo- Spiele ausrichten. Ein nichtständiger lem Wachstum und schneller Entwick- wandeln und IKT, Infrastruktur und tisch, doch viel wusste man nicht dar- Sitz im UN-Sicherheitsrat hat weiteres lung zu beschreiten. Von 1995 bis 2012 Bildung ganz oben auf die Prioritä- über. Tatsächlich aber entwickelt sich internationales Ansehen verschafft, flossen 144,4 Mrd. US-Dollar – fast die tenliste zu setzen. Die Zahlen erstau- die Kaukasus-Republik zum neuen und mehrere Öl- und Erdgas-Pipelines, Hälfte davon aus dem Ausland. Mit über nen: In der vergangenen Dekade hat Star auf der internationalen Bühne IKT-Projekte sowie Transport-Korrido- 7 Mrd. Barrel verbürgter Öl-Reserven sich Aserbaidschans BIP mehr als ver- und zu einem Schlüsselpartner Euro- re werden das Land am Kreuzweg zwi- stellen sich nun die Fragen: Wie reinves- dreifacht, allein 2006 betrug das Wachs- pas in den Bereichen Energie, Sicher- schen Ost und West etablieren. Nach tiert die Regierung diesen Öl-Reichtum tum 34,6 Prozent. In diesem Jahr belegte heit und Handel. dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion und der in neu entstehende Branchen und wie man Platz 39 von 144 im Global-Compe- 2012 war Aserbaidschans boomende Unabhängigkeit 1991 begann Aserbaid- sichert sie das Wohl der Nation? titiveness-Report des Weltwirtschafts- Hauptstadt Baku Gastgeber des Eu- schan unter seinem damaligen Präsiden- 2003 sprach der amtierende Präsident forums und zum vierten Mal in Folge rovision Song Contest, 2015 wird sie ten Heydar Aliyev, mittels des Öl- und Ilham Aliyev von der Notwendigkeit, Platz eins unter den GUS-Staaten. Die die ersten Europäischen Olympischen Erdgas-Reichtums einen Weg zu schnel- Öl-Kapital in Human-Kapital zu ver- Welt horcht langsam auf. GLOBAL BUSINESS FEATURES: EXKLUSIVE INTERVIEWS. HINTERGRUNDANALYSEN. DER ANDERE BLICK. 2 _ ASERBAIDSCHAN > MEINUNG 3 Geopolitik Meinung Von FUAD AKHUNDOV Aserbaidschans Aserbaidschans Platz in der Welt strategische Bedeutung Einzigartige geopolitische Russland Ein Wirtschaftswunder Lage Georgien Situiert zwischen Kaspisches Russland und Iran, Meer ist Aserbaidschans Eine Handvoll be- Aserbaidschan – einschließlich Stipendien für Studen- geschaffen. Die internationale Eisenbahn- deutender inter- Armenien ten aus Übersee; das sind derzeit mehr linie Baku-Tbilisi-Kars – schon als Wieder- Stabilität in einer tra- Die Aserbaidschaner sind stolz auf ihr Land und ditionell unbeständi- nationaler Bezie- als 2000. Auch Aserbaidschans veraltete geburt der Seidenstraße bezeichnet – steht gen Region Europas hungen bilden das und schlecht gewartete Wasser- und Ab- kurz vor der Fertigstellung. ein leuchtendes davon überzeugt, dass der Entwicklungsplan Fundament von wasser-Infrastruktur ist im Blickfeld des Beispiel. Als Mitglied Iran des UN-Sicherheits- Aserbaidschans ihres Präsidenten Ilham Aliyev auch als Modell Präsidenten: Die Regierung ist dabei, die Ein wichtiger regionaler Investor rats versucht dieser Wasserversorgungs- und entsorgungssys- Aserbaidschans nicht-ölbasierte Wirt- stabile, säkulare Außenpolitik, für andere Länder taugen kann. teme in jeder größeren Ansiedlung und schaftszweige wachsen weiter. Im ver- Staat positive doch speziell in den Regionalzentren bis Ende 2013 gangenen Jahr flossen mehr als 20 Milli- Beziehungen sowohl an einer muss gearbeitet werden, um weiteren innerhalb als auch zu sanieren. arden US-Dollar an Investitionen in die außerhalb seiner un- Fortschritt zu ermöglichen. Wirtschaft und es wurden über 100.000 mittelbaren Umge- Energetischer Schlüsselspieler neue Arbeitsplätze geschaffen. Großbau- bung zu bewahren. Armenien: ein festgefahrener Konflikt Fuad Akhundov Seit seiner Machtergreifung im Jahr Präsident Mit dem Abkommen über die Transana- projekte finden sich in allen Städten Aser- Nagorny Karabach steht im Mittelpunkt des schwelenden Westeuropäische Konfliktes zwischen Aserbaidschan und dem von Russland 2003 hat Präsident Ilham Aliyev zu- Ilham Aliyew Politikwissenschaftler mit Gattin tolien-Gas-Pipeline (TANAP) zwischen baidschans, komplett neue Industrien Energiesicherheit unterstützten Armenien. Er begann 1987 und mündete 1991 kunftsweisende Initiativen und Projekte Mehriban Baku und Ankara hat Aserbaidschan sind entstanden. Gemeinsam mit in einen Krieg, der bislang Hunderttausende Aserbaidscha- in den Bereichen Energie, Sozialfürsorge, Aliyeva im entscheidende Fortschritte beim Trans- Eine dieser neuen Industrien ist die Raum- der staatlichen ner zu Vertriebenen machte. Die Region und sieben weitere Jahr 2011 an SOCAR führt BP ein benachbarte Verwaltungsbezirke werden zwar international als Bildung und Wirtschaft initiiert, die das port des kaspischen Gases zu den euro- fahrt: Im Februar 2012 wurde Azerspace Konsortium an, um seinem 50. aserbaidschanisches Hoheitsgebiet anerkannt, sind aber bis Alltagsleben in Aserbaidschan und das Geburts- päischen Märkten gemacht. Dies ist der das aserbaidscha- gestartet, Aserbaidschans erster Tele- zum heutigen Tag von armenischen Streitkräften besetzt. Vier tag, als er nische Gasfeld im Ansehen des Landes weltweit verbessern erste Schritt auf dem Weg zu einem süd- kommunikationssatellit, der während Resolutionen des UN-Sicherheitsrates sowie ähnlich lautende sowie das Gesicht der Regionen und der Kriegsvete- Kaspischen Meer zu ranen in der lichen Gas-Korridor. Mit der Entschei- der kommenden 15 Jahre Einnahmen erschließen. BP hat Erklärungen von EU, Nato und der Organisation für Islamische Zusammenarbeit, die den Rückzug der armenischen Truppen Über den Autor Hauptstadt verändern. entlegenen dung des Shah-Deniz-Konsortiums, dem von 600 Millionen US-Dollar generieren auch die Nutzung Aliyev erfreut sich hoher Zustimmung – Region Bau der transasiatischen Gas-Pipeline soll. In zwei Jahren plant das Land, den der TransAdriatic- fordern, sind bislang ungehört verhallt. „Aufgrund der arme- 1962 geboren, graduierte Aghjabedi nischen Aggression sind insgesamt 20 Prozent des aserbaid- in einer Umfrage, die das britische Mei- (TAP) zuzustimmen, um aserbaidschani- zweiten Telekommunikationssatelliten Pipeline als Mittel Fuad Ramiz oglu Akhundov besuchte. zur Anbindung schanischen Staatsgebietes besetzt – Nagorny Karabach sowie 1984 an der Aserbaidscha- nungsforschungsinstitut Populus im sches Gas über die Türkei in EU-Länder zu starten. Vier weitere Forschungssa- an das restliche sieben angrenzende Regionen“, sagt der stellvertretende nischen Universität für September 2011 mit 1000 Teilnehmern zu transportieren, ist Aserbaidschan zu telliten sind in Planung. Sie sollen land- Europa bestätigt. Premierminister Ali Hasanov, der betont, dass unabhängige Bauingenieurwesen. 1990 durchführte, erreichte er 95 Prozent bei einem der wichtigsten Garanten für die wirtschaftlichen und meteorologischen Der größte Teil des internationale Experten die daraus für Armenien resultieren- verteidigte er seine These „Vertrauen“ und 96 Prozent bei „Zustim- Sicherheit der Energieversorgung in der Zwecken dienen. Westens wird nicht den finanziellen Verluste auf mehr als 300 Millionen US-Dollar zur angewandten Mechanik länger von russi- beziffern. Er fügt hinzu: „Die Zahl der Binnenvertriebenen und erhielt seinen Dr. phil. mung“. Die Befragten erklärten, dass sie EU avanciert. Trotz seiner langen Traditi- Auch eine hochtechnisierte Militärindust- schen Lieferungen und Flüchtlinge hat sich während der vergangenen 20 Jahre der Physik und Mathematik. Aserbaidschan als ein sicheres, aufstre- Eine wachsende Wirtschaft menschlichen Entwicklungspotenzial. on als Gasproduzent gab es in Aserbaid- rie ist entstanden: 21 Unternehmen stellen abhängig sein, auf jetzt 1,2 Millionen erhöht.“ Das Außenministerium unter Seit Mitte der 80er-Jahre ver- bendes, stabiles, erfolgreiches und star- Während des vergangenen Jahrzehnts ist Die Amtszeit des Präsidenten zeichnet sich schan selbst bis vor kurzem keine Gasver- 750 Produkte der Verteidigungstechnik her da die Pipeline der Leitung von Elmar Mammadyarov ist bemüht, die Gebiete Erdgas nach öffentlicht er analytische und kes Land betrachten. Der Umfrage zufol- Aserbaidschans Wirtschaft um 350 Pro- durch sein Engagement für die Entwick-
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