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Vantages.7)8) Therefore, It Is Necessary to Find An T-254 SEN-I GAKKAISHI ( •ñ•¶) (122) (Received July 24, 1983) PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF EMPENTHRIN AS A MOTHPROOFER OF TEXTILE By Kiyofumi Yoshida, Shigenori Tsuda and Yoshitoshi Okuno (Pesticides Research Laboratory, Takarazuka Research Center, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 4-2-1, Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan) Abstract Studies on biological activity of d-empenthrin against textile pests were performed. d-Em- penthrin was found to have sufficient efficacy against casemaking clothes moth and black carpet beetle as a volatile insecticide at room temperature under closed conditions. A d-empenthrin mothproofer strip which contained 0.5 gram of d-empenthrin on a 150 cm' (10•~15 cm) filter paper could control textile pests in a wardrobe for more than 6 months. It was also indicated that small pieces (for example, 3•~ 10 cm, 3•~ 3 cm) of d-empenthrin mothproofer strip could control even in the chest of a drawer packed with clothes. Since the chemical structures of the insecticidal INTRODUCTION components of pyrethrum extracts were elucidated It is reported that there are more than 30 kinds by Staudinger et al. (1924)9), many synthetic of pests which damage textile.1) Among them, pyrethroids such as allethrin10), tetramethrin"7, case-making clothes moth, Tinea pellionella, web- resmethrin12), phenothrin13), and permethrin'4) bing clothes moth, Tineola bisselliella, black carpet have been synthesized and widely used as insecti- beetle, Attagenus piceus and varied carpet beetle, cides for household and public health purposes. Anthrenus verbasci are the most harmful pests.1) These synthetic pyrethroids have attracted atten- Control methods against these pests are generally tion for textile pests control because they have the classified into two ways.2) One is treatment of advantage of high insecticidal activity with low clothes with mothproofing chemicals. Since di- mammalian toxicity.15)16)17) eldrin was discovered in the late 1950s, it had been Recently, Kitamura et al.") introduced a new used as a wool protectant.3) However the use synthetic pyrethroid, d-empenthrin (coded as of dieldrin for mothproofing treatment is now S-2852 Forte or Vaporthrin® for its registered prohibited in most countries because of its per- trade name for Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), sistence in the environment and extremely high which has a higher vapor pressure in comparison toxicity to mammals.') Today, Eulan, Mitin, etc , with conventional pyrethroids. This paper de- are commonly used for this purpose instead of scribes the characteristics of d-empenthrin based dieldrin.2)5) on several studies about biological activity against The other is the use of vapor action of chemicals textile pests. Performance of the practical formu- having volatile property, such as naphthalene, lations and the application methods are also p-dichlorobenzene, dichlorvos and lindane.6) How- discussed. ever, each of these chemicals has its own disad- vantages.7)8)Therefore, it is necessaryto find an insecticide which has a high vapor pressure, a high insecticidal activity and a low mammalian toxicity . However none of the insecticides invented seemed so far to meet these requirements as can be chemicalstructureofd-empenthrin utilized for the vaporific mothproofer. (123) Vol. 40, No. 7 (1984) T-255 EXPERIMENTAL I. Chemicals d-empenthrin; (RS)-1-ethynyl-2-methylpent-2- enyl (1R) cis, trans-chrysanthemate, purity 93.5%, Vaporthrin® (Code No. S-2852 Forte), Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. d-allethrin; (RS) -3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclo pent-2-enyl (1R) cis, trans-chrysanthemate, purity 91.3%, Pynamin® -Forte, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. dichlorvos; 2,2-dichlorovinyl 0,0-dimethylphos phate, purity 91.9%, Kureha Chemical lindane; r-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorobenzene, Tech nical grade, Nippon Soda Fig. 1. Test container for evaluating vaporific activity of insecticides para-dichlorobenzene; 1,4-dichlorobenzene, ex A; Insecticide impregnated paper trapure reagent, Wako Pure Chemical Indus (2•~2cm) tries Ltd. B; A piece of wool muslin (2•~2 cm) II. Insects C : Test insects Case-making clothes moth, Tinea pellionella was reared on dried fish-based diet.") The larvae used dish (8.5cm in diameter). After drying, twenty were 40 to 50 days old after egg deposition, the eggs and 20 larvae of case-making clothes moth adults, 3 to 5 days old after emergence, and the were kept on the wool muslin for 10 days and 2 eggs, 3 to 4 days old after oviposition. Black carpet days, respectively. Insecticidal activity against eggs beetle, Attagenus piceus was reared on the same was evaluated by counting the mortality of hatched diet and the larvae used were 6 to 12 months old. first-instar larvae and the inhibition rate of egg Ill. Test methods hatching.20 Insecticidal activity against larvae was 1) Topical application method evaluated by counting mortality of larvae. A 0.3ul of acetone solutions of the test chemical 4) Simulated test method (1) at various concentrations was topically applied to Four sheets of cotton cloth (35•~35 cm) were dorsum prothorax of case-making clothes moth hung from the ceiling of a box (made of wood, adults. 35•~35•~70cm). Twenty larvae of test insects with 2) Evaluation method for vaporific activity of insecticide Insects were put on the bottom of a petri dish (8.8 cm in diameter, 5.8 cm in height) together with a piece of wool muslin (ca. 40 mg/2•~2 cm), and covered with the dish. Between the dishes, a wire net (35 mesh) was set in order to prevent insects from coming into direct contact with the insecticide. A sheet of insecticide-impregnated filter paper (2•~2 cm) was settled on the wire net and the insects were exposed to the vapor of the insecticide for 7 or 8 days (Fig. 1), and mortality of the insects was evaluated . Fig. 2. Simulated test method (1) 3) Contact toxicity test method A; Wood box (35•~35•~70 cm) A piece of pure wool muslin, on which acetone B; Cotton cloth (35•~35cm) solutions (1 ml) of various concentrations of the C; Insecticide test chemical were applied , was placed on a petri D; Wire net cage T-256 SEN-I GAKKAISHI (PVC) (124) a piece of wool muslin (2•~2 cm) were set in a cage of each suit (Figure 3). Also, 20 eggs on the wool muslin in a petri dish (8.5 cm in diameter) were (6 cm in diameter), made of 35 mesh stainless steel net, and the cage was also hung between cotton settled in 4 positions on the walls of the wardrobe. interceptions as shown in figure 2. Then, a sheet The mortalities of the adults, eggs and larvae were of filter paper impregnated with d-empenthrin observed after 24 hours, 10 days and 2 weeks. In addition, several pieces of wool muslin (10•~10 (3 grams of d-empenthrin on 3000 cm filter cm) were attached to each suit in order to analyse paper), or 8 tablets of 3 grams of p-dichlorobenzene was hung from the center of the ceiling. After 7 the quantity of d-empenthrin adsorbed on it. The days exposure under the above condition, mortality same test were conducted for indicated period for of the test insects and damage of the wool muslin 6 months after hanging of the insecticide was were measured in the following procedure; initiated. 6) Simulated test method (3) Test formulations were as follows: d-Empenthrin mothproofing strip; 20 pieces of This test was made at indicated intervals for 6 17 mg of d-empenthrin on 9 cm2 (3•~3 cm) filter months after impregnation of the insecticide. paper, 6 pieces of 100 mg of d-empenthrin on 5) Simulated test method (2) 30 cm2 (3•~10 cm) filter paper, and 16 pieces of 3 grams of para-dichlorobenzene tablets (Commer Test formulations were as follows: cial product sold in Japan). d-Empenthrin mothproofing strip containing 0.5 Six woolen wears were laid in two rows (three gram of d-empenthrin on 150 cm2 (10•~15 cm) filter paper, 120 grams of p-dichlorobenzene ball layers in one row) in the chest of drawers (40x 84x 14 cm in size, 0.048 m3 in volume). Wire cages (Commercial product sold in Japan), 5 grams of 18.6% w/w dichlorvos strip (Commercial product containing ten larvae of case-making clothes moth sold in Australia) and 0.176 m2 of 10% w/w lindane with a piece of wool muslin (2•~2 cm) were set on the surface of woolen wears, between them and paper (Commercial product sold in West Germany). Seven suits of clothes and test mothproofing underneath them at the bottom, and indicated product were hung in a wardrobe (90•~180•~44cm, pieces of the test sample were placed uniformly at 0.713 m3 in volume). Wire cages containing 10 various spots in the chest of drawers. Mortality insects, adults or larvae with a wool muslin, were of test insects was observed 2 weeks after the above also hung up outside (2 cages) and inside (1 cage) conditions had been settled. Such tests were made at indicated intervals for 8 weeks after the insecti- cide application was made. All the experiments were conducted at 26_??_1•Ž and 60_??_10% in relative humidity. 7) Panel test for measuring the evaporation rate of d-empenthrin from the mothproofer strip Panel tests were conducted from autumn to winter (7 panels, for 3 months during September to November of 1982) and from spring to summer (8 panels, for 3 months during April to June of 1983). After the mothproofer strip was stopped to hang in the wardrobe, the rest amount of d- empenthrin on the mothproofer strip was analysed by the method of Tsuda et al.") Then the Fig.
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