The Flora of Singapore

Th e Fl o ra o f S i n ga p o re .

B Y H N DL Y . . . RI E

u i o n Si n a o r e t th e s In tro d ct . The island of g p wi h mal l islands of Pu lau Ubin and Pu lau Tekong i n th e Johore strai t and a few smaller ones lying wi thin Eng lish waters form th e area th e ﬂora of which i s en u merated i n t his paper . The whole is li tt le more than 200 square miles in extent a n d consists of t t th e t B t t a n undu la ing coun ry , highes hi l l being uki Timah wi h al tit ude of 500 feet abo ve sea level . The Geology of th e island L . J . o w h t . . A . as t e subjec of a paper by Mr J R ogan ( ou rn s S c . t . 1 9 b u t t Beng . x vi . p 5 , published in unfor una ely he c t i t m t t mu h misunders ood , is aking sedimen ary rocks for vol B t B t cani o ones . The bigger hil l s , uki Timah , uki Mandai , and G o l t o u Tanjong , are composed of a grey grani e , which crops t

B P b . t th e again near ajau , Changi and u lau U in The res of i s t t t c a island covered wi h sedimen ary deposi s of lays , gr vels , t t t and sands , of en very ferruginous and permea ed w i h bands of - t t t th e VV a l clay irons one , very much resembl ing ha of some of e t ol a i ro n - t t t den beds in K en . This y s one has unfor una ely recei ved th e L t it to name of a er e here , a name properly applied soi ls baked

- ﬂo w t c c t . s t by a lava , or o her vol ani hea The e sedi men ary rocks have never produced any fossi ls excep t some obs c ure traces of to vege table remains . They appear have been deri ved from t t an d t th e disin egra ed decomposed grani e , ironstone bands a t t t being for med in many cases a much la er da e . No borings of any depth havin g been made it is impossible t o say ho w deep t hese strat a are b ut i t is probable that they are of very great t t to h hickness and com para ively modern , as appears be t e case th e t h in Selangor and el sewhere . In sou h of t e island in some spots th e strata are very strongly u phea ved Ori ginal ly th e island appears to have been covered wi th a t t a th e n d h dense fores , excep long mangrove edged ri vers a t e sandy t rac t of coun try lying bet wee n Tanjong Ru and Changi i t a a t t. B u t t h poin soon af er was acquired , gre dea l of t is forest L R S 2 8 T HE F O A OF I N GAP OR E .

t th e a th e t t was fel led , par ly for v l ue of i mber and par ly for cu l ti va tio n L t t th e . a er a very large propor ion of cleared ground b c t t was abandoned , and ecame overed wi h secondary grow h , or n t th a c lala g , and every year s i ll sees e disappe ran e of some t t th e t t t wood land , so ha in se veral of local i ies quo ed for cer ain t t t A n Mo t t plan s in his l is , such as g K io , few races of any na i ve

plan ts can now be found . The names of many vil lages and dis t ric ts are taken from trees whi c h doubt less plen tifu l fi fty years a t r t t t go are now ei her very scarce o qui e ex inc . S uch a re B a l a no ca r us Ta m eni s S l o eti a side Kranji Changi ( p ) , p ( r on l o n R u th e G y ) , Tanjong , Cape of Casuarinas , Kampong elam , fl /a /en a E x t th th e vi llage of J e c . ensi vely as e indigenous flora has t t w a y I c t been des royed in his , have suc eeded in fi nding mos of t h e plan ts col le c t ed here b y \V a l l i c h in 1 822 ; and of those men tio n ed t I n o t a t t in his Ca alogue which ha ve recovered , some leas v t s t were e iden ly wrongly locali ed , ha ving been probably col lec ed th e t in Penang . Many of rees , however , which were probably n t t formerly more abunda , are represen ed no w by single specimens . s t t t t a A fe w fairly large and repre en a i ve rac s of j ungle rem in , and t hou gh in m ost cases m u ch of th e more val uable t i mber has t t th e t t t been removed , hese con ain mos varied and i n eres ing th A h t t t portions of e flora . mong t e bigges rees herein are th e ' ’ ' ' ’ Di tet oca r ere D cra Dz clm sz s Ir r en z a m a ssz a p p , y , p , g , p , species of ' z ll a n i em A r to ca r u s Ta rr z etz a t t e gf , p and . Mixed w i h h se are t d t tt n u merous smal ler rees and shrubs of al l or ers , wi h ra ans , t c c t t and o her pal ms , and espe ial ly i n ro ky spo s and dam p wa er ’ c ci ta min ese E ber ma z era ourses , are ground orchids , S , aroids , ferns , ,

? f t Ma mb a t t H ( i/ and many o her smal ler plan s . ere ’ t t h e a h i /i o o gro w curious l i ttle saprophy tes S c i p z l a ; A l gl ' ’ ' l o rclz z s B u m m n m M c t Un a r z a a etc. c , , any li mbing plan s such as , ’ B a ubi n z a S tr c/m os G n etu m , y and form h uge l ianes c li mbing to th e tops of th e trees and covering the m wi t h a ma t n th of foliage . O e branches of th e loftiest trees gro w many t n o t met t th e epiphy es wi h elsewhere , orchids , ferns , such as ’ ' Da vn l l m i lz o do d n dro n V a cz m u m rare e , c and i t t t to t t t y t t and is in eres ing no e ha man of hese plan s , which i n th e t t t to be lo w coun ry gro w only on this eleva ed posi ion , are m e t wi th as terres trial or rock plan ts a t grea ter elevations in th e

peninsu la . The banks of th e larger s treams and rivers and a HE L R A O F R T F O SI N G A P O E . 2 9 good portion of th e coas t line where mud is deposi ted are edged ' w i th a t hi c k mangrove j ungle com posed of s z op/z o ra cere ( Rh i ’ ' ’ ' ' z o ﬂz o ra B r u uz em Ccr z o i s Ca ra m L tu n n z tz era s cen n z a l , g , l ) / , , ' ' ‘ a n d H erz tz era on th e bran c hes of which grow abundan c e of smal l

’ ' c L ao di tt m P s z l o tmn H e ta l eur u m P a ch cen tr z a or hids , ferns , c / , , p p , g/ , ' ' Al edz m ZIO S i s t t l th e t p and o her epiphy es , whi e in mud on sui able t w c t A ca n t/w s Cr toco r n e spo s gro such herba eous plan s as , yp g/ ’ ' ' c i l z a ta Tr i s tcl l a tez a O c t/z o clm ms era ceae , , and some p and g rasses . In land just behind th e mangroves th e ground is of ten sandy c t c ti t E u en i a and overed wi h woods of ompara vely smal l rees , g , ' ’ r r s u i t h P o l oca u Gel o m m A r ter A z el z a etc . c t e p , , / m f , , wi h l u mps of Nibung pal m ( O n cos p er nm and on these and on t h e ' c Cz r rh O eta l u m B u l bo /z l l u m Oc c o grou nd grow many or hids , p , p y , l ’ ’ i n P o o o ttz s P t i E r i e e l c l l a cl m s . g / , g , y , and The coast l ine from Tanjong R u to Changi is also very t t t t sandy , and here is a very dis inc ﬂora m uch resembl ing ha h t It i which borders t e Pahang river near i ts mou h . is rich n ’ ’ K r as a n o tz s t t grasses and sedges , y , q , and o her herbaceous plan s , ' ’ t R lz o do ma r i u s L eu GO i o o n Ca a r z s wi h bushes of y , / g , pp ,

E u en i a etc . t t t t t t t g , Unfor una ely a grea por ion of his dis ric has u t u t t t a n d th e t t th e been p nder coconu cu l i va ion , grea er par of t a t t i t t ﬂora has disappeared , excep Changi poin where s il l remains . A s a very large por tion of th e island has been cleared and t t t b t t ts cul i va ed , and of en a andoned , here are very large rac ' ’ covered ei ther wi th Lalang (l mp er a ta cy l z n dr z ca ) or fern ei ther

’ ' ’ ’ G l ez c/z em a L i n ea : i s c P ter zs a uz l i n a w t or bra ken , q or in s ampy spo s i t e n to h t i w h S ol m t e ex c l usion of al mos t every hin g else . n many places howe ver secondary grow th has sprung u p ( Bel u ’ r kar) . This consists of smal l trees or sh rubs of Jl a ca rm ga ja va m ca ' ’ ’ ’ lz a l ct / r n n n dr a J[. o e crt R z o da mn z a t z er r z a A dz a a du mosa V i l c : and yl , , , u bescen s Jl el a sto ma o l a n t/z u m A rc/ i re V a /z l z z p , p y , w , t and a few o hers . In was te gro und near vil lages and in cu l ti vated spo ts are a w o f w n u mber of eeds , many which are wel l known as very ide l t t t t w c y dis ribu ed plan s , and mos of hi h have probabl y been in troduced ac ciden tal ly or in ten tional ly at no very grea t dis t t c t th e Co m os i tcc ance of ime . These weeds in l ude mos of p , G a L a ti n as r b a l l th e Unz bel l t em ' a nd 5 0 1mm r sses , and p oba ly f T E L R S 3 0 H F O A OF I NGA PO R E .

w It t n t t t t ne . is perhaps wor h o ing ha very fe w of hese are ’ V V a l l ich s c t 1 82 2 t t t o be found in ol lec ion made i n , showing ha in al l probabi li ty they were in t roduced a t a la ter da te A mong t wo t t no t n these weeds one or are in eres ing as occu rring in I dia , ‘ ’ ' ’ ( l z to r i a cr a n o l z a Cl eo me a cu l m ta t S t such are y s , and , bo h ou h t c cc A merican plan s , whi h also o ur as weeds in Ja va , w hence c t to S probably they were arried acciden al ly ingapore . t c an d The ﬂora geographical ly speaking is ypi al ly Malayan , t x c t t t to t resembles as migh be e pe ed ha of Johore , and a cer ain th c t f w t e x ten t tha t of e neighbouring oas of S u ma tra . A e plan s o r b ut i t c cu ring here are as far as is known endemic, is probable tha t most wi l l be re- dis covered i n th e neighbouring coun tries re t u c when they a more horo gh ly explored . These endemi plan ts n o t known to o c cur elsew here are marked wi th a The absen c e of c er ta in plan ts com mon in th e peninsu la is some ’ ’ t B u r a a r u mz n a m G r ewz a u mbel a wha remarkable , such are g/ and a ta t t t to th l , and here are several s riking plan s be found on e th e c t c neighbouring islands , and on oas of Johore , espe ial ly near

c te t . f Tanjon g K upang , whi h are qui absen from ou r flora O th e native flora i t wi l l be no ticed that th e greater n u mber of plan ts t t c t t are ei her rees or shrubs , herba eous plan s being com para i ve th e t a n d c to t h e l y scarce in fores s . h iefly be found in open t h t h coun try in th e sandy dis tri c of t e coas . Those of t e forest t c P S t region being usual ly epiphy es , or hids , i peraceae , or ci a min eae d s t t , aroids , grasses and se ge , wi h a few saprophy es . The most ex tensi vely represen ted orders here a re those of ’ ' h E u h o bz a cem Ur ti ca cecc R ubi a cetc r ln tl ce t e p , , and O c e . The variet y of th e lat ter wi l l surprise man y residen ts who have pro b n o t t two c ably seen more han one or spe ies grow ing wi ld here , t bu . th e fac t that these plan ts are very lo cal and frequen t ly th e th e t t t occur on u pper branches of lof ies rees , where they a re ffi c t to to t t t di ul see and ob ain , accoun s for heir being so t ve l o vk of en o r ed. The larges t genera are those of th e Figs ( F i c us ) and n u tmeg A s t t th e in mos equa orial regions , nu mber of species in t to th e propor ion nu mber of individuals is very large . A Malay t t j ungle consis s of innu merable rees , shrubs and climbers , al l t t t S c apparen ly dis inc , and individuals of any one pecies o cu rring t t t t a t t singly here and here , of en very far apar , so h hese fores ts E L R S R 3 1 TH F O A OF I NG A PO E . have a very differen t appearance from those of th e more tem

t b ut t wo . perate zones , which frequen t ly consis of one or kinds The con tras t is wel l seen in comparing th e English flora wi th t 200 that of S ingapore . In Singapore wi h an area of square we S c t th e mi les have over pe ies of flowerin g plan s , whi le flora of th e B rit ish Isles W i th an area of square miles u t c produces b spe ies , whi le of ferns we have here over 1 30 S th e E t pecies , nearly double n umber in urope , and more han h h t hree t im es t e nu mber in t e Bri tish Isles . S easo ns t t th e . There is no grea amoun of difference in t t th e t rainfal l hroughou year , al hough as a ru le hea v ier fal ls D t a t t t t t occu r in ecember and January han o her i mes , so ha plan ts here ha ve no defini te resting periods and are nearly al l

t . t t w Cr a tox l o n ru ly e vergreen Cer ain plan s , ho ever such as y fo m osu 'n and F i cu s Mi qu el ii shed al l th eir lea ves a t to l era b l y re a t n t c * t wo gul r in ervals , remai ing qui e bare for on or days , when t h e t t o d t young shoo s begin unfold , and in a few ays hey are n qui te leafy again . This c hange is ofte n b ut o t al ways fol low t th e o f th e a nd t th e ed i mmedia ely by appearance flowers , of en t t t young leaves h us produced are of a brigh er green , or brillian t c t red , orange , wh i e or bl ue . This hange akes place usual ly t t e t th e i n th e hree or fou r imes a year , and ev ry ree of kind t t th e th e It n o t t dis ric undergoes chan ge on same day . is i l l we get nor th of Penang that we fi nd a defini te period of rest i n wh ich al l or al mos t al l plan ts shed t heir leaves al toge ther a n d A t become qui te t are . good series of observa tions on hese ph aenologi c al phenomena wou ld probably t hrow l igh t on th e o f causes these irregu lar seasons . V t t A ery few plan s have a defini e flowering mon th . large nu mber flower more or less s teadi ly throughou t th e year . O t a t t t hers flower regu lar periods hree or four i mes a year , al most e very plan t of a given kind flowering si mu l taneousl y i n th e t c t . t th e th e P c dis ri This is bes known in case of igeon or h id ,

Dcn t l ro bi u m c r u mena tu m t t th e . In his plan flowers are produced a t tt t two t x c t periods of a li le over a mon h , or mon hs . The e a f r t t th e b ut t c t day differs in di fe en par s of peninsu la , in each dis ri t t h e i t hey al l appear in same day , and is remarkable tha t plan ts brough t to S ingapore e ven from as far nor th as Siam open their o n t h e S n o t It flowers day for ingapore , and on tha t for S iam . S R 3 2 TII E FL OR A O F I NGA PO E . is n o t rare however to fi nd cer tain plan ts of Pigeon orchid which n o t h e da y b ut t t do flower on t regu lar , have a dis inc day which t A they appear to keep to wi th equal regu lari y . curious fact is t t t Den di ' o bi 'u m D c r i n i fer zu n ha ano her species of ( . ) invariably

th e n t t I) . r u wen a tu m flowers in Singapore on day precedi g ha of c , I t t whenever t hat happens to be . t migh be though tha t t h e weather in th e district in which th e plan t was growing wa s th e c t b u t t s r to b ut tt t th e influen ing agen , hi appea s ha ve li le effec on 8 h e De . 1 9 3 t . O n c c orchids one o casion ( 5 , ) pigeon orchids developed thei r flowers so far tha t t hey were obviously ready to t t t b u t t t open hem on ha day , an ex raordinari ly heavy rain re arded t th e O th e t b ut t hem , and flowers pened nex day , excep in cases like t his th e wea ther previous to th e flowering does n o t seem t o make t h e t S t any difference o t da e of flowering . ome fe w plan s ha ve ' Ca l a n t/i e cu r u l a regu lar ann ual flowering season , such are c i des t e m a c h u m o i G r a m t l l A t . g in Sep emb r , and p y , July and ugus A c t t t t er ain nu mber of rees flower only every fif h year , no ably ’ t h e Dz tero a r ew E t t t o p c p . very fif h year here appears be an er t t a t av age higher empera ure , and period of grea er dryness i n M a J t t a n d t t i t y or une han in o her years , hen and on ly hen is t t possible o obtain flowers of these trees . S uch rees are mos t of t h e Di t w m Ku ns t er i Ga r e a e ca r e l s . t p p , , y p In his c th ase also al l e plan ts in a given district flower simu l ta neously . It can easily be unders tood tha t i t is very i mpor tan t to a pla n t that al l shou ld flower on th e sa me day in order tha t they may be c - t th e c t t t t t ross fer i lized by inse s tha v isi hem , and his is especial ly t h e t c h t b u t case in plan s in whi h t e flowers las a single day , as th e th e P c b ut i t di fli c ul t to h o w in case of igeon or hid , is see t h t A t e to is is brough abou t . good many rees s em flower even l ess often tha n this and t here are n o t a fe w whi c h t h ough apparen t ly ful l grown heal thy trees have n o t given flowers once 111 n te years .

Co l o rs 0 o w r / ﬂ e s .

is wel l known th e colors of fl owers depend to a large e x ten t on t h e k ind of insec t fe r ti lizer for whi c h they are des tined to tt t s i n th t pro ve a rac ive . The mos t abu ndan t in s e c t e hick j ungle are th e ﬂies ( Di/ i tem ) and these appear of ten in enormous n abu ndance when cer tain trees are in bloom . The Oaks a d THE L S R F O RA OF I N GA PO E . 3 3

' ' t t S i n do ra l i u r ri / n z a t c tt t to Ches nu s , and are par i u larly a rac i ve them and th e roar of their wings can be heard of ten a t some di s tance from th e tree . The c hief of these ﬂ ies is a black M a son

ﬂ - t t wi th red eyes . The ﬂowers of y fer i lized plan s are usual ly sma l l

t s t . and green or whi i h , general ly possessing an unpleasan odor S mal ler herbaceous plan ts growing in dark shady woods often have deep brownish purple ﬂowers some ti mes wi th an odor of a t t t t c c h A mo r /z o /z a l l u s carrion , o hers swee and aroma i , su are p P ,

fl - T/i o tl ea Ta cca y . t . , and man orchids These are also y fer i lized Many trees produce masses of whi te flowers in large pani c les or tt . tt t to cory mbs These are very a rac i ve bu erflies and bees , th e E E vo di a R /z o da mn i a Jll el a n such are many of ugenias , , , and n r r h t th e th e o ea . I ha ve no iced as showing bearing of color of th e t V t t t E u en i tt l i n ea ta t flowers on insec isi ors , ha whi le y wi h cory mbs o f whi te flowers a ttrac ts innu merable bu tterfl ies and bees and th e pollen - eati n g flies ano ther spe c ies of E uge n i a t - c wi h apple green flowers , which is growing lose by was n o t t t tt i b u t to t visi ed ei her by bu erfl es or bees , by fl ies simi lar hose h P n t t e . o t c a n d which visi oaks ink flowers are so om mon , are t th e O a to r usua lly visi ed by bees , as are deep red blossoms of r y/ l o n a rbo rescens G o m /z i a H o o keri B u r co ma . S t , p , and g/ car le and t S x t t u t brigh reds are rare in ingapore e cep in in rod ced plan s , b ut a th e t A cs l z n a n z/z u s Rh o do den dro n we have lso beau ifu l c y , ,

L o ra n t/i i Il o r n stedti n . some , and some species of The red ﬂowers

t t h - t t t o t e un to tt . B t are mos a rac i ve S birds , and bu erflies righ yel lo w flowers are ch iefly to be m et wi th in o pen coun try es pec i th e c IV edel ia X r i s P /z i l dru rn Utr i cu l a r i a al ly near sea ; su h are , y , y ,

t l V o r / ni a Ti mo n i u s (J um /ti n su ma tra na . t ( mos ) , , , and p The rares s to be m e t w t t u color of al l is bl ue , which is al o i h al mos e xcl ' si vel O n B u r / na n n i a co el ti s Jo nun el i n a f i s t . es ( a n o t y in pe spo s , , y ,

‘ ' Ur ti cu l a r i a a i n i s E co l o u l u s Das modi u n lz e ero z /c l fi , , z l y l a m a h t t t e v e . , are l mos on ly na i e blue flowers h re V isi tors to th e tropi c s are often surprised by th e apparen t t h pauci y and inconspi c uousness of t e flowers . Th is is par t ly to th e t c c h due enormous propor ion of foliage , whi h con eal s t e b u t t h e c t t h t th e t flowers , fa a grea er nu mber of our flowers are t t t D t H t th e adap ed for fer i liza ion by ip era and smal l y menop era , t d t t th e t t mos abun an insec s in fores s , and are consequen ly smal l t u t to t t th e and green or whi ish , acco n s a large ex en for sma l l

u D 3 4 THE FL O R A O F SI N G APO R E . amoun t of s how tha t th e bl o ssoms make in th e great masses of fo h a ge. t B o ta n i s ts. The nu mber of bo anis ts who have col le c ted or s tudied th e flora of Singapore is even more li mi ted than tha t of P t t t i r ta i n o : d Ra cs enan g . The fi rs of hem was na ural ly S S / fi wh l V i l l i a m J a /c t c t a l o aided by e made ex ensi ve ol le c ions . al l or mos t al l o f whi c h were des troyed in th e burning of th e Fame . ( Fo r an a cc oun t of Ja c k and some o thers of th e Singapore bo ta i h n s ts J 25 . S t t t e S , see ournal , p hor ly af er founding of ing apore Na th a n i el l V a l l i c/i came to Sing a pore t o recu perate a fter H e t his grea t Nepa ul expedi tion . remained here abou fi ve m h e 2 t t t t B t G . 1 8 2 on hs and es ablished fi rs o anic arden , Nov ,

S t t i t. G c t 48 being uperin enden of Th is arden , onsis ing of acres , incl uded t h e G o vern men t Garden on what is now known as For t l B il A t 1 2 Dr . t to tt . 8 3 Canning . f er he re urned Calcu a , Jan , m i t c e 1 2 W Mo n tgo er e ook harge of th Garden ti l l 8 7 . al lich seem s to ha ve promised to s end an assis tan t from Calcu tta G ar

b u t did n o t . G t dens , do so The arden , which ch iefly con ained t a n d w a s a l o l ish ed a t t c i t re N u megs C loves , l er , and no ra e of W t t th e Dr. c t o t mains . al li h seems have aken some in eres in t S a n tt t developmen of ingapore , d was one of a com mi ee of hree h h H e B t t e t t e t . t t H o fi x on si e of o wn bui l a house , o any al l , h to s tay in d uring his residence ere . H is c c t t t ol le ion of dried plan s was an ex ensi ve one , and was even tual ly dis tribu ted w i th th e res t of th e Eas t India Com ’ i i t pa n y s h erb a r u n . The grea er nu mber of species which he to b ut discovered here I have been able fi nd stil l in Singapore , to t n o t some appear have qui e vanished . This is surprising w hen i t is remembered t hat a t that ti me th e dis trict i n whic h he h c t c i z . t e th e t t was col le in g , neighbou rhood of ow n , was hick t c d j ungle , of which nearly e very ra e has now isappeared under t c u l tiva tion . In his Ca alogue many of th e plan ts are local ised “ ” S e t P n t t t m th ingapore e ang , and as I no e ha any of ese are stri c t ly hi l l plan ts occ urring a t a higher e leva tion than there t i t t t t w c t is in Singapore , I ake ha hese plan ts ere in a ol lec ion t h e c t t t t t th e of which exa local i y was los , and ha labe l perhaps e “ shou ld ha ve be n ra ther S ingapore or Penang . Some fe w however of th e specimens labe l led as from this region have never c l br i o r m s a th e . X i a do a i . l sin e been found in peninsula , e g y / , THE L R S R F O A OF I N GA PO E . 3 5

t i t t t th e t wel l known Indian ree , and is probable ha locali y is qui te wrong . F a r uli a r th e t t J o h n Co l . q , firs Residen of Singapore , and P ri n ce R t 1 827 t tt t t , esiden Counci l lor in , who ook a li le in eres in th e ta th e i s a t th e n bo ny of l nd , are com memora ed in ames of ’ t 8 . r i s ti ca F ar z a r i a n a E r ci be P r i n c ei some plan s , . g n w , and y , b u t li ttle was done in bo tanical research for man y years . I n or o 1 839 H u /z Ow ni n t ab u t , g g wel l known for his i mmense bo anical c c t th e P t S and con hologi al col lec ions i n hi lippines , v isi ed inga M t O W i n th e S t t pore and also ascended oun phir . hi le rai s he to t to c t c seems have chiefly de vo ed himself colle ing or hids , and t o t m have sen ho e a n u mber of li ve ones , among which were ' n /n n i Den drob n i V i l i a m L o bb o l o e Cu i i u m l o c l l e. l l C e gy y , and g o , c t M V t t P S orchid ol lec or for essrs ei ch , visi ed enang and ingapore b i n 1 845 u t t 2 5 . 1 6 6 , as men ioned in Journal , p , his specimens th e t t S tt t Ja a n d from S rai s e lemen s , va India were al l mi xed u p i n t b t t t c i t t s t dis ri u ion , so ha his lo al ies as quo ed i n book are qui e t - G M a i n o c doub fu l . Surgeon eneral g g/ during h is residen e i n m t s c ct b u t t n Singapore ade ex en i ve ol le ions , many of hese agai n t th e were irregularly label led , and some me ioned in F lora of B ri tish India as from Sing a pore were probably ei ther col lected P in Malac ca or enang . r n th t th e t B t M r . M a l o e c G firs head of presen o ani ardens , 1 87 to 1 880 c t m t c fe w 5 , col le ed a n u ber of plan s , of wh i h a t to fl t th e B t were sen Ke w , and a fe w , ch ie y ferns are s il l in o a

N. a n t e G H . C l nic ardens erbariu m y , w ho succeeded him , e m ployed col lectors and obtained a very large n u mber of S peci bu t t t t i ct mens , unfor una ely hard ly any were s r ly local ised , and S t h e t t many label led from ingapore in herbariu m , are ei her c u l i v a ted t t th e t t t plan s or from some par of peninsu la , so ha i n mos to t m cases I ha ve been unable quo e safe ly fro his herbariu m . A t c t mong o her col le ors whose names appear in books , asso n t to m t t w t S a t o i ed a s al l ex en i h ing pore plan s , shou ld be men ’ Dr Th o ma s 0 x l e t tio n ed . L , y , who wro e some papers in ogan s t t th e S b u t Jou rnal , one of which deal wi h F lora of ingapore , t E t t e t t chieﬂy wi h conomic plan s , while o her pap rs rea of Nu t H G tt o t . e t o c t megs and u a per l a seems ha ve col le ed plan ts , t t t t 40 5 0 c u saying ha he had col lec ed be ween and or h ids , b t t t t wha became of his col lec ions and manuscrip s , I cannot ﬁnd T H E L R S R 3 6 F O A O F I N G A PO E .

ut . o H e died in or abou t 1 85 8. S i r R o ber t ch o i n bur l r r t S f/ , wel l kno wn for h is explo a ions in G t h e V t t uiana , where he discovered ic oria regia , was appoin ed i ri H e ti sh Consu l in Siam in 1 85 7 . visi ted Singapore and co l l ec ted t t c t to c a few plan s here , whi h he sen Kew , and whi h were

th e B t . S t described in F lora of ri ish India ome of hem , ho wever , r were eviden t l y ob tained f om gardens . r T A n ders o n 1 832 to 1 870 D t D . . tt , was irec or of Calcu a B t G H e to t a o anic ardens . appears have v isi ed Singapore t t H e t t a t t . t some ime , and ob ained several pl n s of in eres de vo ed to th e A ca n tlz a cea e E r a n ﬂ z emu rn A n ders o n i t h imself , and Mas , a c t om mon garden plan t here was named af er him . ' f R . H u tl t Mr . f l l e l . made some years ago an excel len her S t t t to bariu m of in gapore plan s , which he e ven ual ly presen ed t h e B a D c t t to ot ni c Gardens . upli a e specimens were sen Kew a n d to a c tt th e v n a n d v C l u a , where were amed , se era l new spe h ea r cies his name . ’ I n th e fol lowing lis t al l plan ts wi th no col lec tor s nam e were ob tained by myself or by na ti ve col lec tors e mployed a t t h e G th e t t t ardens , and n u mbers a ached are hose of my dis t ri bu tio n - s E n o t et serie . ndemic species , y known from e lse r t t t t c where are ma ked wi h an as erisk and in roduced plan s , whi h have n o t properly establ ished themsel ves b ut which occur i n t th e i t was e ground and like , are ncl uded i n bracke s , The M t L A . osses , ichens , Fungi and lgae , are deferred Col lec ions of t tt to x t to hese have been made and submi ed e per s , and I hope

publish an accoun t of the m a t a la ter date . THE F L O R A S O F I NGA PO RE . 3 7

DICO TY L E D N O S .

D LL E C /E I NIA E .

T tr a era A ssa Dec . A t t t e c scrambling shrub of en forming hicke s ,

t . t B a ﬂowers whi e or pinkish Common in open coun ry , S t l es ti er . plain , epoy lines , For Canning , Changi

T A ssa . G . A di fferen t l o o kiu t . var arden Jungle ver y g plan , b Dr i i t u t . K n g considers on ly a l arge form .

T eur a ndra V a h . n o t R . . y C li mber rare , C l uny oad , K ranji

lz a W n b ut T ma c ro l l . . p y al l C li mber commo i n woods , sel dom

t o . etc be fou nd in ﬂower Tangl in , .

No t o . \V o o ds l i a l . d i l i a B G Se t r. T. a o f gf com m n , ar en Jun gle ,

' ’ o r mz a L t w t t l l . arge shrubs or rees i h showy yel low or whi e

ﬂowers .

’ ’ / . A r t su ﬁ r u z cosa Griff la ge bush in damp open coun ry . t 3 c t The ﬂowers are abou i n hes across brigh yel low . The fru i ts when ripe S pli t O pen l ike a s tar and are ro sy t t t pink inside , w i h smal l black seeds covered wi h a scarle Th e t c t h e aril . leaves are ra her urious from way in th e t t h e It w hich winged pe ioles are closed o ver buds .

st t a l l th e . ﬂowers con an ly year Tanglin , Jurong , P u lau P Ubin , u lau Tekong .

b ush tree t ul c/z el l a Ja ck . A smal l y w i h oval deep green p ‘ It w e . et leaves and pale yel lo w ﬂow rs grows in places , R B t . Tanglin , uki Timah oad

t t . G tomen tel l a Bl . t t elita r A al l s ou ree arden jungle , S , B uki t Timah .

' t t S co r l ec/z z m z King . A smal l ree w i h inconspicuous a peta l R G J ous ﬂowers . are , arden ungle .

i o l i a b ut 8 ) I . o bl o n t a l l 1 near V gf , having an hers hairy over B t M and whi te ﬂowers . uki andai . E R 3 8 TH FL OR A OF SI N G A PO E .

’ ‘ ‘ z n a L t w t i ts t s Di l l en a z dz c . This grand ree i h hu ge whi e ﬂower t It u n th e R is doub ful ly wil d here . occ rs ear eser voir ,

B uki t Panjang .

ZE MAGNO L IA CE .

t th e t t n o t n u This order , ch ieﬂy of rees of h il l dis ric s , is represente d here .

‘ r H ﬁ l A t a t Ta l a u ma l a n z ge a ook . . large bush rather han ree

w i th large whi te ﬂowers and stiff dark green l ea ves . D d a a An amp woo s , near Ch n Ch u K ng , g Mo Kio , K ranji , n Choa Ch u K a g .

A r a d n dr n n w t l M i . o m e o el e a s B l l t e T e e a ns . A t . g q g al re i h a t 40 t t l a t r grey b rk abou fee al and foo th ough . F lowers

- t t . t G . w hi e swee scen ed Rare . arden Jungle

a ds ura ca u l i o ra Bl A w t c K ﬂ . climber i h rou gh orky bark and w th e t . G rosy ﬂo ers growing on s em arden j ungle , Kr u i B t a . uki Ti mah , j

’ “ D sca n den s B l . A . t B t a Ii . kar Dama ama Fores s , uki Ti m h ,

Bajau .

t th e M i c/rel i c: C/z a m a ka To his order al so belon g Champaks p , ’ l o n i o l z a Bl t t t t t and M . gf . of en cu l iva ed for heir s wee ﬂowers .

A NO NA CEZ E .

' “ t /z o ca r us B u ra lz o l H . ﬁ l . S L i S el ec p ook ingapore obb . This Javanese plan t has never again been col lected in th e pen

insu l a and is probably wrongly localised .

' ' r r / m i A a ( ﬁ/ a rbostemma S co tec cz K ing . big cli mber be ring smal l th e t t t green ﬂowers on s em , and ra her large orange frui s . C G Bidada ri B t om mon arden j ungle , , uki Ti mah , Jurong , P ulau Ubin .

‘ N t H okerz . o C o . G . K ing common F lowers yel low . arden j ungle .

’

Ura rz a . t a w C li mbers wi h purple r rely yel low ﬂo ers .

’

da l as D . B U. e u t a . unal Rare , ki Ti m h O 3 9 THE FL O RA OF SI N G AP R E .

bbi a na H . ﬁ l . G U. L o ook arden j ungle ,

M . I i n . B t U. R i dl e/ Ki g uki andai

ma cro Jh l l a . S . U. I y Roxb Common al l over ingapore

t su ta k . V w . G U. h i r Jac ery hairy , ﬂo ers brigh red arden j ungle ,

etc . . Changi . Common

s ubr e a n du S W c . A U. p ingapore ( al l i h No very

t W . l i ttle known species , only col lec ed by al l ich

’

. fi l A t t w E l l ip ez a c un eifo l i a Hook . lof y cli mber wi h yel lo G n W ﬂo wers . Com mon . arde Jungle , Reservoir oods .

A t t Cc/ a t/roca lyx vi rga tus K ing . smal l ree wi h green ﬂowers .

B t H tt . Rare , uki Ti mah ( ul le )

' ’ ’ JIa z n z z H . ﬁ l . Ca u tl e s t . n C. g y ook ( y col lec ion ) Perhaps wro g

l y local ised .

s m t t a n d A r ta bo try . C li bers wi h whi e or green ﬂowers , very curi th e l t ous woody bo o k s by which p an cli mbs . R B a i . . t . A . i g/ K ing Flowers large C l uny oad , uki Mandai

. S . s ua veo l ens Bl. A . F lowers smal l Common al l over ingapore

Jl a z n a i H . ﬁ l . . A . g gj ook Tanglin

i t A t A n o . . t t t Drepa n a n t/rus p ru mfer u s Maing hi am al l s raigh

n . tree . G arden j u gle , K ranj i

“ A D . G . Unona di sco l o r V ahl . kar arah arden j ungle

. dumosa . U. Roxb Cl uny Road

n a i B t l ongi /i o ra Roxb . Commo , K r nj , uki Ti mah , Jurong ,

Garden j ungle .

B t . n da s r/ ma sch a l a B l . Common , uki Mandai Cha Ch u K ang

Garden j ungle .

A t t desma n t/ra Hook . f . smal l ree w i h yel low ﬂowers , Com

. mon , Garden j ungle , Changi , Chan Ch u K ang 4 0 TH E L F O R A O F SI NGA PO RE .

v A t t f- s ten o el a l a a r. U. p smal l ree w i h buf colored ﬂowers . B t den j ungle , Changi , uki Ti mah .

‘ - l S to t . P o l ya l t z z a . mal l mediu m sized rees

su ma tra zw . s t t P . K ing F lower green , fr ui pink wi h darker

ches , rare . Chan Ch u Kang .

co r l ec/ri n i i . a t . A P . S K ing K enang h u an fairly large t wi th large yel low ﬂowers like hose of Cananga .

G . common , arden j ungle

m a cr o o da . A t t t P . p King ree w i h large orange frui s very

B t . showy . uki Timah

m To s ma u n i . G . P . g/ K ing Co mon , Chan Ch u Kang , arden j ungle

’

bu l l uta . St t t to P . K ing a ed in K ing s Ma erials have been col t d S ct l ec e by me in ingapore , was col l e ed by Can t le y and

perhaps w rongly local ised . It occurs i n Selangor and

Perak .

i n n cmz o mea H . ﬁ l . th e t w a s P . c ook is from same col lec ion , and t W c also col lec ed by al li h i n Singapore . I have never

found i t here.

’ t u . S Go nz o tlz a l a m s mal l or mediu m sized rees or sh r ubs . ﬁ l B P D ma l a a n us H . . t a . G . y ook uki Ti mah , u l u amar

Ta i s Mi . Sel i ta r J . G . p q , urong

- R i dl e i . A t t t t G . y K ing mediu m si zed ree wi h large uf s

th e t a t th e . purplish ﬂowers on s em , chieﬂy base

B t . Morai , uki Timah

B t . O rOph ea lz a s ta l a K ing . uki Ti mah

' M No o wz a to men l osa . A t . t G P Op aing smal l ree com mon , arde n

B . j ungle , ajau

H . ﬁ l . B m r a mosz ssz ma t . P . ook uki Ti ah

' ’

D G . r mz tra ca l cz na . O y y K ing ense woods , arden j ungle

a i i i s . Su mba wan B t . 0 . jﬁ K ing g, uki Ti mah THE L R A -1 F O A O F SI NG PO RE . 4

- t um t e t t . J/ el u l o r . Cl imbers wi h yel low ﬂowers usual ly sw e scen ed

r n H . ﬂ l k t a I. e M J l s . i n t c t B ﬂ g ook Common hi ke s , u i ndai , Toa P Ch u a ayoh , Tengeh , Chan K n g .

’ ma n u br z tum ﬁ l B a H . . . ook Changi , edoh

/i i u m ti l l i ta G n o e r . l a o l H . . S f ook arden j u gle , T as ,

l n B k t B l c l i zl r i c m n Ma i n a . t . y g y Com mon , u i Timah , uki Mandai , n L Chan Chu K a g , oyan g .

l i r s u ﬂ l l a r u i u o . u e H . B t l . S ;, ook . Fairly common , uki Timah . u mba

J . wang , u rong

’ ’ ﬁ l r z s ma l i cu ur H . . G . p ook arden j ungle , Changi , K ranji

ti l l i r . M . r h m es H . . G e ta y ook arden j ungle , S

l -r' z ﬁ l B t B l u n H . t M . I i s o ca . . p p ook uki Ti mah , uki andai , Toas ti l . \V a l l i h Hook . S ingapore ( c No t

seen .

ﬁ l S Ma i u a y N . o t . di co r p o Hook . in gapore ( g ) . seen

ﬁ l No t c B t A mo l ar/ ( m a Hook . . ommon , uki rang , Chan Ch u

K an g. W 4 2 e M a . / . S c 6 5 i u a co u ld a Hook . fi l ingapor ( al li h ) g y

No t seen .

" R i M te magn a Ma in ga y . Singapore dley in a rials ; was n o t

col le c ted in Si ngapore .

e r ; u i n ea H . ﬁ l . J . A t t f f y ook angkang al l ree , lowers green ,

t c . B t el i tar frui long cy lindri al red Common , uki Ti mah , S ,

S n M . Changi , u gei orai

i " ’ o Ji i dl e/ i Ki n u R a n B t . J O re Cha Ogi , uki Ti mah l A b n u ta n s H . ti . t w P h ot o n/m s ook shru wi h green ﬂo ers .

G de J B u t a . Com mon , ar n ungle ki Tim h

P it l u ci da e O . . A . B t G . li ver Common bush uki Timah , arden

n C o l . Jungle , Tanjo g 42 TH E F L O R A OF SI NG A PO RE

r Jl es w l l i a l ep top o l a O li ver . A very large tree wi th gre e n f a n d t c t t wo lowers , larg e globose frui on aining very hard ’ ”

P b . G e P . s eds , oko ra arden Jungle

M E n r r n m s nn a o n .

C li mbing plan ts wi th very smal l dioec ious flowers and d c c t th e s i rupa eous arpel s w i h seed usua l l y c urve .

u s i o r a o ma 61m M P M n Ti o c / b t . s l iers . roba ly in roduced acpher o R Ba l es tier P oad , plain , u lau U bin .

' ' u m e u m t o l a r e M Ti o z cz e i . A a La n k a A t u t c b p iers k r p . s o li m er t c t t t t wi h mi lky jui e , ﬂowers whi e , frui green wi h whi e

t . A d c c t t h e o t i s t spo s e o ion of r o s used for rh eu ma ism . G n J Si l a Common in open woods , arde ungle , g p, Jurong , t i B uk i Man da .

' m r h l o r M A u o a . A l z b e c o l cu c iers kar K unin g . big woody c l imber w i th y e l lo w j ui c e formerl y u s ed in dy ei n o m The t h male ﬂowers are whi e in large pani c les on t e stem .

. t The females green The frui t is abou an i nch lon g ,

a - or nge colored . Com mon al l o ver S ingapore .

' ' - z u i u m n es [r a t i o n e b r A t B . os Co l . t C c ﬁ kar K uny i , K unyi abi A s tou t woody c li mber wi th large round lea ves whi te t a t . benea h and lar ge globul r frui s Com mon in woods . Ch u etc . Chan Kang , Changi ,

l o tr i l o r M A c w t [ g/mem / a ier s . slender limber i h n arro w deep f N n . o t c gree leaves and smal l green lowers ommon .

H Se li ta r J . edges , Tangl in , , u rong , Chua Ch u K ang

u l w t s e c th e a i w r el u l i a M . A o L i m c iers ra her l nder li mber ,

leaves c ov e red w i th a vel ve ty golden ol i ve fur . Com

m n t B t e t . o c . c in open oun ry Tang l in , uki Ti mah , Changi ,

' ' u t t t w t J. A u sl l c i z Kin g . A p re t y l i tle slender cl imber wi h hi e

e t s . R s s th e sea ﬂowers and y l low s amen are , on bu he by .

Changi beach .

f “ A s c ii mber t t t al l . lender wi h pel a e

4 4 T H E F L O R A ( ) F S I NG A PO R E

c t s s sules overed wi h mos y hairs . The seeds are u ed as a ‘ u r g a ti ve . p Com mon in dry woods . Reser voir , Chan

Ch u Kang , Chu a Chu K an g .

A fl i L l W a A . o r u m a . n M K ing oods ne r g o l o .

A m n M o . m bm n a ea A n c . . K ing g K io , Changi

A us / z z W . t. s n m N . . l i u l e i a o K ing . Singapore ( al lich ) ee 0 B l NE R J .

' ' o o n o r /i n a n /z A s t S c l z t em . t t / C los h rub or smal l ree , horn y w i h w t w an d a b i h hi te ﬂo wers bl c k erries . Sandy spots n ear

th e a . n S R se . Cha gi , erangoon i ver

’ - F l uco u r i z a It’l l o m Z . A t t t ol l horny ree , w i h smal l yel lowish d b t t s ﬂowers and globose u l l red erries , wi h a a te of b d g oose erries . Com mon in woo s and even in thi c k e v i tl e n tl v t bu t . t d j ungle and ru l y wild , also pl an e .

B a . uki t Timah . Ch n Chu Kang

’ A t m / R x t . t F l . d ( t M G C p CM o b . ukam similar ree wi h s al ler 1 do n o t t n i t w t t t t leaves . hi k is i ld hough of en cu l iva ed

n It. t and es tablished here a d there . a m u c h be t er ea ting h a t frui t th a n t e l s .

d w F n er mi s . A t t u t t l . i Cl larger ree , qui e narme , i h hinner J a n d . n a rrower leaves . urong Tanjong K arong

A s t t d K in g . mal l ree w i h slen er spikes of t B i t i S . R a s . g reen ﬂowers re in fore s , uk T mah unge i B u loh . 'r ' m P i ro s r o nn .

’ s n m A i t G i ra m o n . A t t P i l l osp o r u m fr r r ugz eu . g mal l ree wi h

w t . ea s y el lowish hi e ﬂowers S hores , K ranj i , Changi ,

Sel i ta r .

' P O L Y BtA L l L/E .

tt t t t Bl . A P o ly/ga l a. l i le pros ra e herb w i h yel lo w No t m t r t . , ﬂowers , g rowin g in u f or sandy spo s com on

G n c . arde s , Ma pherson Road T HE L R S R F O A OF I N GA PO E . 4 5

' ’ ' o / s s A S a l mo m a ca n o m en i Lo ur . smal l branched weed abou t 3 t i n t t . inches al l wi h pink ﬂowers . Com mon was e grou nd

b o n i o fi a De S t S . o l c . . gf Rare , sandy po s , Changi

l/ /a G A c o l o r t . a ed S p g/ l riff . very smal l buff saprophy ic w t t . s et wi h min u e ﬂowers Rare , in den e woods .

Chu K ang .

' ‘ ’ r i Tr z o m a s l r um h o /m ou n M . t t S . q yp q mal l ree , ﬂo wers whi e l " l i m a h .

/ m L t Xa n l b l l u w. t s t p g/ arge or smal l ree , w i h whi e or pink “ s d r t L ﬂowers and globo e one or several see ed f u i s . ima ” Beruk .

a i emba n i cu m Mi . A t t t W p q smal l ree , wi h whi e ﬂowers . oods , G eli ta r arden jun gle , S

s B a t a o b cu r u m enn . A l r g e tree wi h d rk green shining t t t t . t leaves , ﬂowers whi e in ed wi h rose Frui as large as a er i ck et t t c bal l , greyish green wi h a very hi k woody

a n d . \V o o d rind orange color inside , nu merous seeds s ,

Tanglin .

' A t t d el l i rfz cu m K orth . mediu m sized ree wi h eep green w a t fi t t t w t leaves . F lo ers rs whi e hen yel lo , wi h a red D r t d . t caly x ru pe globula orange urnin g ark red , wi h a

t t . a b u t t . swee t ra her soapy as e Tanglin , Ch ngi

n e t . A to t t afﬁ K or h smal l mediu m sized ree , ﬂowers whi e . c st c t h e bu t n o t The om mone spe ies i n peninsu la , com mon M i n S . W B t J l uki t ingapore oods , uki andai , urong , l " h l i ma .

t t . A e K ing fair sized re wi h dark green leaves ,

a n d t t bees . No t: golden buds , ﬂowers whi e , fer i lized by

n . com mon . Ta glin

P o n rUL A O A O E / n .

P o a o o L P . A c t t t r tu l a c l er oea . urslane ommon succu len pros ra e w W t weed wi th yel lo ﬂowers . as e ground . T E L R S P R 4 6 H F O A O F I N GA O E .

! u a tl r rl a L . A c P . q iﬁ mu h smal ler plan t wi th t ufts of wh i te ha i r th e t th e on join s of s tem . Common in and round th e t th e et own , on wharfs , c .

H Y P ER IC INE JE .

' a o m c u m S t o w j p mal l herb w i h yel l ﬂowers . Pep t t B t M per plan a ions , uki andai , Chua Chu Kan g .

’ o l C7 0 f .r / o n o l a n ﬂ z u m t . t j p y Kor h Tree wi h loose red bark , ﬂow I “ ds B . o o t a . ers pink , uki Timah , Changi , Chan Chu K ng

s m t t B A t t a . o r mo u . C . f en h beau ifu l ree ﬂowering wice year - t th e t The ﬂowers rose pink , appear abundan ly when ree its t sheds leaves . The l eaves are red when j us open , a c t g radu l ly becoming green . Com mon in open oun ry ,

a n B t M B t . T glin , uki andai , Chua Chu K an g , uki Ti mah

“ l A bi t 0 to 6 a r bo rescens B . G . 5 0 t C. eron ggang g ree fee

c . W G ﬂowers in pani les deep crimson oods , arden jungle ,

B t Selita r . uki Timah ,

G UT TIF E RJE .

' ‘ i IV l W t \ u n z a qfo l a a l . t V r n z a e e . o o d ﬂ a c f g Tree , ﬂowers hi e , s wee s , a n P Sungei Tengeh , Ch n gi , Chan Chu K a g , u lau Ubin , ] Tanjong G o . W ( ros l r o ta B t . t . S I. en h F lo wers wh i e or pink oods , ungei

M . orai , Chan Ch u K ang , Changi

’ ' ( c us z rl a ta K . R . . r . p ing are K ranji

’ P c - ﬂ a v o ured n . t Ho mbr o m a a ierre The pea h mangos een . th e c m t b ut th e The t ree resembles ommon an gos een , r th e t t fl owe s are cream col ored , frui smal ler crimson , w i h t t d t t t t h e a shor beak on wh ich is an en i re o ed s igma , c t t h e rind is t hin and s en ed like an apple , pu l p acid and

- c t b u t a ﬂ a vo ured. S a s an y pe ch eashores , more rarely inl nd , P n M t a . B laka g a i , Chan Ch u Kang , Ch ngi , ulau Ubin m t s t t . A mo ngo / a n a L . The angos een cu l iva ed e very where t t t w ild or rever ed form wi h smal ler more acid frui s ,

occurs near vil lages . ) TUE F L O R A O F SI NG APOR E . 4 7

r i l r f . A A t a l r o ri i i s G i f sam Gel ugur . beau ifu l tree leaves

t . brigh red when young , deep green when old F lowers l a . t c t f tt t t large red Frui large su culen , a ened bo h ends , a n d c t groo ved al l round , orange olor s igma and persis d It d i n th e un s r s . ten t sepal e . is ried and used in curries t a n d D t w l It makes ex cel len preser ves pies . oub fu l ly i d a P here . Tanglin , T njong enjuru .

G . v r i i t/ A . e t l a r e l ea e . G 1/ m T . nders Kandis ajah Tr e wi h g s

F lowers hard ly opening greeni s h yel lo w . Frui t resem e c c d b u t t blin g an appl i n form and olor , a i , ea able when

. B t a cooked Com mon i n woods . Tangl in , uki Tim h ,

B a a t . l kang M i , Chan Ch u Kang

n n Mi . i l i ta B t a a e r . t c q Tidal ri vers , K ranj , S

7 I u ‘ l x a-l l tl l b Ii n z i o l z n etl ta r n . ee g I e e , unisexual , ﬂowers w t e t C m smal l ye l lo , fru i s smal l globos oran ge , ea abl e . o W t C mon , oods and open coun ry , hangi , Tengeh , Sungei hl o ra h

i o l i u uc M i . p a r r f q G arden j ungle .

G . F o r besi i . S t drea m t K ing mal l ree , ﬂowers or pink , frui s No t t . G e smal l cri mson , ea able very common , arden jungl , B t M uki andai , Chua Chu K ang .

n r osa Mi e o . P q Rare , ulau Ubin , Se rangoon Road .

du i s . M . l P G c . n o t w K urz undu robably i ld here . Gard en s a e and vil l g s .

u f Ctt l p/q/ l l u m. Trees wi th whi te lowers and green or purpli s h

drupes .

u lz r ri mu m “ . n G d i . p l c e al l Com mo , ar en j ungle , Changi , K ranj

d n B t B t B t . G ar e sp ecta bi l e W i l ld . in an gor u nu j ungle , uki eli ta r Ti mah , S

' - C. r amsu m \V . S al l ingapore ,

n u m ti l t B t . ca H . No ook . com mon , Tangl in , uki Mandai - 4 8 TII E F L O R A OF SI NG A PO R E .

’

L. l n a a . h e g Common on t e sea shore .

P el i ta r P . u lau S , u lau Ubin R . G i no li l l o i de . y y K ing are , arden j ungle , Changi

’ “ i lm m u m P B t B t ll a l l c lanch in angor Merah . uki Timah

Chua Chu Kang .

s. R i i l h i i . A S . G r ﬂ T nder are , ungei Morai

" m roca r u m H . ﬁ l . C. a c p ook Changi ,

Trees wi th w hi te or pink fl owers usual ly r a ther smal l wi th ma ny s tamens .

“ - A di n m u l r a du mbsa Jac k . Tiu p Ti up . A very c ommon tree t 20 t t t t c t abou fee al l , wi h whi e ﬂowers , whi h are fer ilized

w a s i s th e t t t . by bees and r , and pulpy frui ea en by ba s

Open coun t ry everywhere .

’

[l u l l em . No t G Sel ita r . King common , arden Jungle ,

a cu mi n a ta t . \ V o o ds G S K or h , arden j ungle , embawang , Chan

Ch u Kang .

A i a u l o sa . . R t l a r m c T nde s are Nor h Se it . i mi u el i . A f t t e q K ing K wak . very di feren looking r e t t c t t wi h hi k lea ves and larger whi e ﬂowers , and fru i s of E l t a dges of Mangrove s wamps , loca , Nor h

Seli ta r S M s B t . , Chan gi , ungei orai , al so wood , uki Ti mah

“ M R s . . B p ongol are , ajau

' i n te m A . er rz b u . a t . A near g less hairy big tree , Changi

Tcr nstr wmi a en a n i a n a A t t p y Choisy . big dense ree wi h dark

- t green lea v es and whi te ﬂowers . Fr ui t egg sh a ped abou 1 — tt s 3 4 l 5 inch long orange , spl i ing and howing or see s e h B i n Dr t e . nclosed a red pu l p . y woods near sea ajau ,

B t P t P . Toas , a u u ih , Changi , u lau Tekong

/ S ura t/ a Mi st a Mi . B t . y y q Fern val ley , uki Ti mah t N A ’O l l l ‘J 4 9 T l l E F L O R A O F I G l .

u u P A t t n c c Pym /w r i t u c mi a m lan c h . smal l ree w i h i onspi uous

- t whi te ﬂo v er s and smal l glob u lar apple like gr een fru i s .

B t . c w o ) ds . T hi k Common , uki Timah , Tanglin

' ? l i a r l i u i R Se t . ns l l er K ing are ,

a r n a r Bl A t t e t o i t o e th e G j a i e cel sa . al l re wi h ﬂ wers l ke h s of b t c c o n tea plan t u t larger . Frui a lon g woody apsu le

R a S eli ta r. taining thin winged seeds . re ,

V r r fl a r . w i th mu c h larger c o iaceous lea ves , large owers

A e t t b u t r Dr . and frui ts . very diff ren looking ree , refer ed by to th e IIo l la n l R K ing sa me species Com mon , Tanglin , oad ,

J . urong , Changi

’ / - t A r u t a /z z R R . us c / e V a l i Choi s y . iang iang A b h or al l w r m n s lender tree wi th pre t ty pink or w h i te fl o e s . Co mo u h B n i n secondary jungl e . Tanglin , J rong , C angi , laka g

Ma ti .

’ ‘ DIl l E l l O UA R P Ez E .

t a t t w t t t a t . w Tal l , of en v s rees , i h s raigh b re s ems F lo ers d n t w t c t . t large or smal l pi k whi e or yel lo w , very s ee ly s en e Frui usual ly wi th two to fo u r of th e caly x Io b cs de veloped in to c th e t t m t h e t t h e long wings , by wh i h fru i drif s away fro ree in V c fi ve . j ungle . The t rees usual ly flower only on e in years ery w n n h o t few flo er a ual ly . T ey supply go d and usefu l i mber , and th e n ‘ s m t resin know a da mar and used for orches , and varnish ,

85 0 . Some al so produce wood oi l .

‘ O n e th e Di tero r s s D M n K . p ca p u co r n u u yer . i yak eruin g of

- t d O i l t n th e t a re te . bes woo rees , e ve frui s of n fu l l of oi l

W B t . oods , Changi , uki Timah

II s / a sc i B l B t . l . uki Ti mah

I) . r n l l n h a s e d t a c i o r u s i a co . 0 y /l l This very large wing frui s .

e . B u t . i nch s or more lon Dg , red ki Timah

G n A n i Mersa wa . so ter t z l r b . p g m K urz . arde j ungle

A . n t t r co m m t t c e . Kor h . A giga i ree wi h coppe y looking l a ves

G u D Bida da ri . arden j ngle , al vey , 5 0 T HE L R S N R F O A OF I G A PO E ,

’ ' “ l / u m l i c r r c i H rr w t . a A a l l t t t p a e M e ra n . f s r a igh t r ee w i h \ A ery smal l deep cri mson ﬂowers . Buki t ran g .

II. d K urz . G ar en j un gle (No

' I wr l . ti . I . i r rr r H l a r u r u ook Sing pore ( Can tley ) .

Ni . r a 1 1 . q A gigan ti c tree m e asu ing s m uc h as

1 8 t c r nc . Co rn nro n B t a fee in i cu mfere e , uki Ti mah , Ch n

Ch u K a n g .

’ * / r err r a ti s s rma w D t . n S . G g yer F lowers whi e Com mo , arden e Kr a rr i Ch u Ka rr j un gl , j , Chan g .

” ma r' o l em n c p Dyer . Kepo g . The bark is used for bui lding lru Ka n O ' . G a C . houses Com mon , rden j ungle , Chan

- “ B . a r u i a D . a K t S p r i/ l yer Mer n ti daun echi l . uki Timah ,

G arden j ungle .

B d G . i t/ bo w . g ran is Flowers pink , arden Jungle

’ “ s rr ir Se ra a h t . G l e ro u l M . b . p ] y ba u very com mon , arden l B t J . ung e , uki Timah

* w R G J . i i rl rr B . t . r y randis F lo wers h i e are , arden un gl e

/ r o m . G . p u ci ﬂ K ing F lowers yel lo w , arden Jungle

Da R . l o l m . S . bra c e a K ing l vey oad ( No

- u m P . ta re S . ierre , ungei Morai

B a G V l i . e a ca r ndis Com mon , ard n Jungle ,

M C . andai , hangi

' ’

D t Ku l ri rr . r l l u l l i c/ri i K ing . a mar Ma a c g Co n

n ro rr G . , arden Jungle , K ranj i , Changi , Toas

M L V 0

Herbs s hrubs or trees wi th showy ﬂowers .

f S i la . Smal l s hrubby plan ts wi th yel l o w ﬂowers .

’ ' ur i rri u l i re L . Co rrrmo rr e t n . b . c p j very where in was e grou d

L 5 2 T HE F O R A O F S I NG APO R E .

c t th e d c t w hi h par ly open , wal ls insi e are overed wi h r t yel low stinging hai s . The seeds are blac k wi h a yel lo w

a . R B t waxy ril are , uki Ti mah , Chan Chu Kang , Kranji ,

Chua Ch u Kang .

n h . r ( b rl os fegi a G Ti lfi /lfl i li e t P unggai . A very big t ee wi th smal l flowers on th e old wood and large ro n rrd woody t t h e t t t a c t h e frui s , ou side , covered wi h horns , is bl k , inside

t . r ta . R a bril lian orange The ba k is used in nning re ,

B t G J n . uki Ti mah , arden u gle

- a s r i /i i i M t . D r a D . B el/ i n. G m as u i n urian A mediu m sized f w t ree wi t h smal l wh i te lo ers and l i t tle scarle t durians .

t a G J n B t . re , arden u gle , uki Timah

S 'I‘ E RC UL IA

i u V t . t l S cr cu l i en A big ree wi th arge red pods . W R e R . ar , eservoir oods , Chan Chu Kang

’ T l a r i s “ . t N. al l A sh rub or smal l free wi h green flowers and

“ s carle t pods which spli t O pen in to 3 to 5 lobes in th e form

t a n d th e b - c u of a s ar , sho w o lon g bl ue bla k seeds s spended W th e m . c B t al l rou nd argin oods , om mon , Tanglin , uki Ub et c . Ti mah , Pulau in ,

V ar t n . K B k t wi h very arrow l ea ves Chan Ch u ang , u i

a B t . M ndai , uki Timah

r u bi z n osa V t . t S . g en A smal l or mediu m sized ree very showy

u t . n n B t in fr i , ﬂowers pink Commo Tangli , uki Timah , t e c .

V . Bi t a . . a r r i Io r a t G S p / en g ree , rden Jungle

p e“ s caplri qer a \V al l . l\ em a n Sa ma n gk o . A very large '

t 1 00 t ta . Ilr r t th e t ree , of en over fee l l e f ui in form of a b o a t b a e d lon g green con tainin g an o lon g seed t one n . W hen th e seeds are pu t in to w a ter t h e ou t er c oa t swel ls u a n d c a a n d t m ut il a e t p becomes mu i l ginous , his g is ea en

t th e m t o th e . R a wi h su g ar in orning cool blood re ,

B uki t Mandai . TIl E L S R E F OR A OF IN GA PO . 5 3

’

Ta rr i eti a si m i o l z M . l ci a t a t t . No t c p f as A v s ree om mon , Dal vey

R B t h . oad , uki Ti ma

' Il er i tz em l i tto r a l i s B D , . Sea ryand ungun shores , common , B a P u a jau , Kranji , l u Tekong .

II. s . L t t . G d n A p of y ree in j ung les ar en ju gle . ppa ren tly u ndescribed .

u Ha m . l l . m B c w . es . a f u h Mangrove s mps K ranj i .

’ I l er os er mu m di versi o l i u m Bl . A r a n tic t P p f g g ree , u lau Ubin .

’ “ B . I I. B l u mea uu m rt . t d K o h ayur A big ree , ense wood s ,

B t S B . common , uki Timah , ungei ul uh l / i ’ A i l r l o c r a co r c/ro rzj o l i a L . common weed w i th smal l pink

W t . ﬂowers . as e ground every where

’ ' l en m etes /ro em cea L. A t t l [ p p al l herb wi h deep red f owers . B M t W t . as e grou nd , Tanglin , lakang a i ]

‘ r Ka h B u / fn a r M t . A c u b n er z J/ a i gaj/ i as kar o g . A big woody c limber wi th cu rio us li ttle whi te and pink ﬂowers a nd

. G J un l e Ch a n i rou nd prick ly capsu les Common , arden g , g ,

B t etc . uki Mandai ,

’

. W M t B J a e/ Ja n a S . N . , o t al l ingapore K ing s a erials seen , probably an erro r

' D a Co mmer m m a A ndr . u ri n Tupai . t t t s o rn ree wi h whi e ﬂower , in large y es and J . t et c o c . su les Open un ry Tangl in , urong ,

J c TrL IA o E .

’ ’ “ r M L ro z cn l o zrz r l a n ceo l a m B t . r i en h Rare , angroves , K anj .

’ t “ M ” P rn l a I t Petrr. S ce r rp em Mas . Sepa edang erai .

A t t t w t l . W gigan ic ree wi h hi e f owers oods , com mon .

B t A n M o . uki Timah , g K io , Chua Chu Kang

- G r ewi a u mbel l a m . A t t t wh i te Roxb s ou cl i mber wi h ﬂo wers . G etc . Common , Tan glin , alan 0g , THE L R 5 4 F O R A OF SI N GA PO E .

S t t ft bro M t. t ca r a . . ﬁ p as mal l ree wi h orange frui s Rare , Cl u ny RC ad

‘ - / t . 0 . l a i /bl z a Mas A large shrub wi t h orange pear shaped

r t a t a n c t . f ui s bou in h long , and pleasan ly ﬂavoured

K . . n B t Flowers yel low Ta g lin , uki Timah , Chan Ch u an g

’ h e n i n u l r G a m The absence of t com mon [e s a sh rub . p cu

a m R . l oxb . is very remarkable

m m Tr i u fctm r /ro boi dca Jacq. A com m on weed wi th sma l l y el a n d c a t . W t u low ﬂowers pri kly frui as e gro nd , T ngl in , t Changi e c .

h . S n T i l osa t o t s . . p Ro ingapore ( K ing) een

' “ / o s a su rn i s L. J t . B Trma h r ( Co re r w c p l u e ukit ( D . King) .

t \V n n u l u La m . d t . 0 . cu a s ee g wi h yel lo w ﬂowers , rare Chan

Ch u Kang .

o w a c n m . t t o E ch i c ym s Sp Tree wi h whi e ﬂ ers i n xil lary pani les . V ery rare , Kranj i ( No .

’ a s h t E l a o c r u . t t p Trees wi h w i e ﬂowers , of en showy , and bl ue "

n . or green dru pes . Mendo g

’ r a m l ru s i t u t e . 0 / Roxb . C l va d on ly The globose i bl ue frui ts con tain a h a rd tubercled seed much in request by h ea d It 5 r b u t Tami ls as a . is usual ly g ooved , very 6 c a s rarely a grooved one is found , whi h commands

h igh a price as 5) dol lars .

’ a r r i o l z u IV l l s a e tc . p / . Common , Tanglin , Changi ,

' ’ i z u l a r z s B l V s . etc p ery common , Tangl in , .

“ sa l i ci o l i u s . Juru n o n No t o B t f K ing g Padi . com m n uki li ta r Ti mah Se .

a ni cu l a tu s IV a l l . . B t Sel ita r p Com mon K ranji , uki Mandai , .

ti o l a ta s W li a r e . e t . p al l Common , Tangl in , S , Changi

ri /[i i i M t . l a r G Se i t . m as Com mon , Tanglin , TIIF L R R F O A OF S I NGA PO E . 5 5

No t i H u l l cui i . B t m B t K ing common , uki Ti ah , uki Manda .

cdu n cu l u i u s W . Sea L a P p al l shores , oyang , To s , Jurong , u lau

Tekong .

R . . upi cu l rdu s M a s t . are Buki t Timah j oad

“ " sta b us \V . J ur un o n B . w s r p o ly c g al l g abi Flo er buff , co n

n o n B t . r in woods , uki Ti mah , Jurong , Teban , Changi

\V . No t eli ta r B t M J ucki u uu s al l rare , Tanglin , S , uki andai .

' ' JIa sl er i i i . G ur u Ia n l in B t a i K ng o mo , g , uki Tim h , K ranj ,

Changi .

s - E . o l s tuc t u . B t m Ill fl) 30 1 1 sp. near p y y Rare , uki Ti ah ( , )

L l NE zE .

’ a i th i a n u P c . m t w f It uu c/rer i a G r j/ lan h C li ber , wi h yel lo l o wers , i h t and smal l red dru pes . Common hicke ts and wood s .

etc . Tanglin ,

r n i u m G f. A t . th e s a E ry t/rroay l o n Lu ma c rif ree Com mon near e .

’ “ l ‘ A . dr c . r . l .ro rra n t/res i co a n a s Ja k aga nak Tree Common ,

etc . Tanglin ,

\V oo ds G u m c . L n B I. r eti cu l Ja k ess common , , arden Ju gle , uki t,

B J . Ti mah , ajau , u rong m m M A L P a c n .

‘' A s l n l r i . e e w r r l a . Z r i s tel l rl ei u a u s t a a s c Rich cli mber , ﬂo ers ye l lo w t r rv ers te t t Com mon by idal , and of n cu l i va ed . Toas ,

Kra rr r P Ubrn . j , Changi , u lau

l S ca t b ut ﬁ . H . O I/ ip ta ye seri cea ook nden , forming bushes in pen

t . a t . s ndy spo s Flowers pink and whi e Rare , Changi ,

B uk i t Mandai road .

- " ' Cli rrrber F s t B l s i do tel S co n cur a s s . s t p p j/ Ju , ore , uki Mandai , Chan

Chu Kang . THE L R FING A I’O R E 5 6 F O A O F .

G E l l A jE NIA CE .

' r s o r rri cu l u /a L . A d ( O a l i c garden wee , com mon . )

‘ h e B ’ A r rlw cr [Ji l i mbi L . t . 1 . ( a ra m z o l cc L. K ( r e li mbing , and em ”

t a t . bola , are cu l i v ed )

Co m ra r o s i s ma c m h l l a . l No t p p g/ K ing Tree , f owers cri mson . c Se lrta r ommon , R ' ‘ UI A CE AC.

t s t t A n umber of he e are cu l i va ed , among whi c h are Rue ( Hu tu gr a r eo l errs) th e K amuning ( M u r ray/ a ero ti ca ) of th e orna nre rrt a l wood of whi c h t h e sheaths and h and les of K rises ” th e L L ru b Tr / are made , ime berry , i an K ea ( ip ra s i a

‘ o i o l a l a th e u rn elo Ci tr u s cl ecu ma n u s L Ci tr u s tr i/ l ) , p ( ) , orange (

' u r a rrti u m a L Ci tr u s med cu L . a ) , v rious i mes ( i ) ’ B r b a n a t t . E r odi a Jr or bu g i en h S en ga b uro n g A sh rub

w t t . t i h w hi e ﬂowers Common in open cou n ry , Tanglin ,

B t . Bedoh , K ranji , Jurong , uki Timah

l A t . Lo c bu t B t/ ut. B . n t t E . l u r , o g ﬁ ne ree al rare , Tanglin , uki

Timah , Chan Ch u Kang .

s l r ﬁ . A t H . t . i n o bu ta . E , r ook al l ree ver y conspicuous ﬂower

t o B t a . No rare , Reser voir , T as , uk i M a nd i

cdu ncu l osa H . A tt t to E . p ook very li le known plan , said have t S L been col lec ed in ingapore by obb .

i o i u m W t \V a l li h 7 l l c . 40 n m o va 9 o t . Z a rrt/ro a yl u f igh No , seen l ﬁ . A r Ho . t P o r te i . A cr o nych i u ok ree , usual ly smal l F lowers

t een . G B t and frui s gr common , arden j ungle , uk i

Ti mah , Changi , Jurong , Chan Chu K ang .

’ ’ t m s errl a lu l l a . i n (i lycos z p p y Corr Com mon woods and fores s , a

b r t t . G large shru , ﬂowers and f ui s whi e arden j ungle ,

Sel i ta r etc . B uki t Timah , K ranji , , ; a broad lea ved fo rm

A narrow lea ved one occ u rs a t Changi .

' ’ r O W 1 6 o t i n N . r mel u rrr fri rsu l u n l . c . 8 5 . l] i c u al li h ( No seen

t Burrn . A rrra l l t t t Cl uu senu ex ca va e s ree wi h wh i e ﬂo wers , T L O R S R 7 II E F A O F I NG A PO E . 5

t s s rongly s cen ted fol iage and semi transparen t pink frui t . D t . O t P . oub ful ly wild pen coun r y , Tan g lin , u lau Ubin

L u r u n a wl eu t/rw / a n l rem Da l z r . g . C l i mbe , very rarely ﬂowerin g i B t Chan g , uki Timah .

' i P m m n i n a r a rrdi o r V IIul lett a O . f/ g/ f/ ﬂ li ver ery rare , Changi ( ) c t L also ol lec ed by obb .

— P l o n i s i rm IIo o k “ A b . ﬁ l . L L t g p . i mau elang . horny sh ru w rth curious pear - shaped orange aroma ti c frui ts us ed i n

n t c J . a i ve medi ine . Near mangrove s wam ps , K ranji , uron g

S n “ nu nn m.

B r u cm s u rn a i rmm R b A sl rruh t t a ox . wi h aroma ic fol i ge smal l b b c W c . purple ﬂowers and la k erries . al li h ( No I lra ve t b u t t c never seen his here , on in rodu in g some ' ‘ n t Pa i t s t b t t l n p la s from hang , e a lished i self al l abou ang l i , th e b seeds bein g borne abou t y birds .

“ [Cu r r o ma l o n i r i m J P t n t c l c . B a a A / gﬁ a k idar hi . ele gan sh rub t b t t i n c t wi h a very i er ba rk used medi ine agains fever . h s ea l c r t e . Common in dry woo s , espe ial ly nea ; Tan glin ,

B t a B M t e tc . Changi , uki Tim h , lakan g a i

Ir r i nr i rr J/ a l a ( um O Pa lr A t c t u . / j/ l i ver . K ijan g gi gan i ree 1 00 t ta l l w ith e fl a n d t o ver fee , smal l gre n owers , frui like u n i es e r t . mangoes , green wi h an oran ge p l p Ta g l in , d R etc . voir woo s , ajau ,

O P IINA C‘ E J’

’ l o mm n ( i o m h i rr m um / 1m m J c . w w . o p a k Tree , ﬂo ers yel lo ,

B t a P U . uki Timah , Kalan g , Toas , Ch ngi , ulau bin

' ’ ( o o l ' r i c a Il e P c . r . L i . lan h F lowe s d e e p red ess ommon , ne r h l i t e . G o n t . sea Chan gi , Tanjon g , ki Timah

' f ' n r s m rfl Al \ l t r l i h . 1 No 7 c m e i l m z i . V a c 05 5 f/ q ( No , seen .

r/ s A r. t E u remi l eu coca r a c . t p Ja k under sh rub , ver y elegan w i h

t ro s v s c t t s. rn whi e ﬂo wers , and , arle or whi e berri e Co C n ro n . . in sandy woods K ranji , hangi 5 8 T H E F L O R A OF SI NG A POR E

n a S n a t o Ja . or . E . mi J ck i g pore , according ck I have on ly

P B tt t . found i t a t ulau a am , sou h of Singapore

B A r R S E R CEJE .

s A t a Tri o mma ma l a ccensi G riff. big ree exuding a very romatic t t - t t urpen tine , frui green hree winged . con aining t hree

ﬂ a t - No t m G oval winged seeds . com on , arden Jungle ,

Buk i t Timah .

' / n No t B t rr ro z . Ca n a r i u m P l a c K ing com mon , uk i Mandai .

. R H t ru m B . . t gr a n diﬂo enn F lo wers orange are Changi ( u l le ) ,

Buki t Mandai .

“ No i l o s um B . t . t c a p enn K edondon K ru om mon , Ch ngi .

“ Kedo rrdo n B . A r u u m B . t 0 , f enn ulan mediu m sized ree w i th creamy y el low ﬂowers and large hard glaucous t t t n t t t t t green frui s as i g of urpen ine , wi h a rique rous seed . l i t n S e a r . No t rare . Ta gl in ,

No c B k t u r u a scens B . t a C, p p r enn om mon , u i Ti mah , Changi , Ch n n Ch u K a g .

' “ l n r Bi t r e t a dmu r B . . e t It enn Tinou g , frui erec pink .

B t . Garden jungle , uki Timah , Changi

No t el i a du m B . S t r secu n enn com mon , Changi Road , Tangl in , . B ti du m . O c n i enn pen woods , om mon , Changi Reser voi r B t woods , uki Ti mah .

i noclrl a m s Gr i ﬁl /ri i H ﬂ l Ku m a s Tr go y / ook . . p Ruman . Tanjong

G o l . Se lita r K ranj i . .

a nti r i a l a m i . A t t S S K ng large ree wi h a preading head . Flowers a l l r u es in lax han ging h iry pani c les deep red . p pl um

l rke . A t G r rosy beau ifu l tree when in frui t . a den B t j un gle , uki Ti mah .

' i a ta BL Ke i ra n t i t . t Ia e e . A No S . g large ree , ﬂowers green . S l i a e ta r G B t M . r re , , arden j ungle , uki andai

H E L R N R 6 0 T F O A O F SI GA PO E .

A u c rr/fu / ( i R o x . o . Se l i ta r 37 78 . c b Tree , ﬂ wers yel low ( ,

s n Ma i r a l ta r r u be c errs Il ie r . S r Se i . A . ingapore ( g y ) ,

r d / r L . t i t f ( A gl u u a o r n ( our C u l i va ted for s swee t low e rs . )

’ / r i W M . . . N A o l r o r/r l r S c o t . . g l y q ingapore alli h ( No seen

' l r h i n i n tr r bi i um H . S t e e s A . l r g i/ ieru ma l e , l a ves deep 0 g reen ,

L . n Cl ra n r. r i ts wh rte . c G J ﬂowers and f u o al arde ungle , g

' N t B o rlo r rt/ i s s i ma B l . f e e . o t . A . Tree , low rs y llo w rare , uki Mandai

B t R W . Chan Chu Kang , uki Timah , eser voir oods

- l a r R S e i t . o r da ta H . A . c ieru are ,

rm a u/i s Il ie rn . S L er . A . te i c ingapore ( obb) , p haps an error

' tr i c/ro s l cmo rr Dec . R . G . A . are arden Jungle

- D m J a /u. t ( L u resmm ( l o rri es ti c u e The uk u cu l tiva ed . )

' “ ' ' ‘ t l i l i r l r A i i u a Ubu t t tl t . N e . t e t t Cu p b g r e , w i h swee whi te r t w d f e t o . Th e low rs and large globu lar f ui s , i h c rky see s r s d M ba k is u ed i n me i c ine for dysen tery . angrove

s c e tc . wamps , very om mon , K ranji , Serangoon ,

' Cn A I r . a rL LE r a c c .

fi a h a ‘ i b/i u c A c ( Yu ri l l e t / j Tur z . limbin g or scrambling sh r ub , fl w a t . B owers hi e R re , ajau . m O c nvm a.

’ r t A n r a l e ta l i n . k u er cca O li ver . g we l l nown ti rrrber t t s t c - t s ree wi h lea ve like hose of a bee h ree , mal l fl t w t c t spikes of green owers , and g reen frui i h mu h whi e

. G R e mi lk Common , arden Jungle , Changi , servoir

woods .

' ’ ' r teu rrl i bl i a l r i rr \V o o B G bo si a o . ds t b l ro m / g , uki Timah , arden B t . jungle , uki Mandai

' Im i o rru ru s s / r es l r i s Bl . A s G e Bida da ri . p y sma l l hrub , ard n j ungle ,

{ . Cl en u l op /ru n p u r r i/ul i us O l i ve r. are Garden j ungl e r u n r t o n a o r srs c x r o n n. 6 1

' ' A r B L t. S t A i m errra a mw z ca ra L. idara au piny shrub wi h whi te Th e o t . t ﬂowers and orange ea able drupes wo d is scen ed . S ea ts P Seli ta r P P coas , Changi , ulau , Jurong , asir anjang .

’ “ r n Kuli rrr A t t S co ro do ca p u e bo r n ee s z s Bec c . large imber ree w t t t t i h whi e ﬂowers , al l par s ha ving a s rong smel l of

G B t . onions . Com mon , arden jungle , uki Timah

' r m \V A c m /m n dra erra r im . Go p p g al l shrub om mon in woods . ' ' B uki t Ti m a h G un 0 ‘ l e Ta n o n tr Ka to n O ' Seli ta r . 9 arden c o D ’

' N t B t r l cn wéo l crl a . o . ( . K urz common , uki Ti mah

’

e u rrdi i m a Ni . A t L a n th ra sec t . a sz / q large ree , ﬂowers whi e Rare l i B t e tar . uk i Mandai , S

“ r - n m To h ( n io . Io r o ca ry ru n l o ngera ce ms K ing . A large s trag t a c s g ling shrub , w i h pendu lous r eme of purplish green W t . o n o t . ﬂowers ; fr ui s green o ds , rare Tangl in , Changi .

) b o n W A 1 lrytocr ene o l grc al l . large woody c l imber wi th dense c o f (l th e t ra emes smal l grey o wers growing on s em , frui t wedge - shaped brown co vered wi tlr bro wn bris tles and ’ forming a ball as big as a man s head . The seeds are c t a n d t a t unea e oblong curiously re icu l ed . Rare , Buki t

Timah . ’l I i [n uc l e te W . o rn rrro n . a C al l , open woods , Tanglin , Tanjong

Ix a to n B uk rt P . g , anjan g

[o des vel u l i u a . . R B t R K ing C l imber are , uki Timah o a d .

P Bida da ri C l n . No I. o b o a t g lanch rare , , han Ch u Kang , G arden

j ungle .

' r' c Ig yt/rrop a l u m sea / i dea s Bl . A slender l imber wi th in conspi c uous c a n d t green ﬂ owers , and very urious ornamen al frui t , a t t b u t whic h ﬁ rs is an oval drupe , when ripe th e husk t t t 4 c r v beco mes brigh red and spli s in o lobes , whi h ec nr e

th e n t . No t c and expose a deep blue seed in ce re om mon , B k t M R s G woods , u i andai , eservoir wood , arden j ungle .

’ / I te cucrrr a ma l a cccrrsi s O . A t p li ver fair sized ree , ﬂowers ye l lo w ,

i t t e . R fru round hin , w ing d are , Changi woods . 6 2 TH E FL OR A o r SI N GA PO R E .

IL ICINEJE .

A t t t Il a r cymosa Bl . smal l or medi u m sized ree wi h very whi e

s . . bark , more rarely a bu h Flowers very smal l and green ' ‘ ” - h n Iim ah Ti mah or Titima . Common in ope coun

t . ry , Tangl in , Changi , Chan Chu K ang

/r W a . t t . I. ma crop yl l a l l Usual ly a smal ler plan wi h larger leaves A n n G n . Common , arden j u gle , g Mo Kio , C hangi , Kra ji

CEL A S TR INEZ E .

r l W i E u n mu s a ra ri cu s B . A s . a n o y j large hrub oods , rare , K r j ,

S u mba wan g .

' N to cta l u m u a dr a n u l a r e . o t ( i lj/p p q g Frain common , Changi beach , n Chan Chu Ka g .

L . L N o n a l i tto ra l is S o t . Jr o /ro aws ingapore ( obb) . seen

T rrr mb a l u rn “ t . A w L op /rop eta l u ﬁ r i igh Krabu . tree i th yel low

t th e t . B t a pe al s and cen ral disc pu rple Rare , uk i M ndai , i Chang .

u r ti s i i . A t t r . B t L . C K ing gigan ic ree , ra e uk i Mandai , Ch ua

Ch u K ang .

at . A N t L rsccscens S . s o ﬁ K urz ingapore ( nder on ) seen .

' W i ma. r u r r i mi a u l c/rer r . A t t t J p al l al l ree wi h smal l red ﬂowers . No B t t G . com mon , uki Mandai , ardens

' “f A t a rri c u l a ta . t 1 r . p al l large handsome ree wi h dark green c f th un leaves and pani les of smal l green lowers , wi an t M l r pleasan smel l . uc frequen ted by ﬂies . Frui t a heart

. i n dr shaped red capsu le Common y woods , Tangl in , B t M t ’ e c . Chan Chu K ang , uki andai ,

' r t a i rrdi ca L . A c W [Ii/ p o cru e li mber wi th very smal l hi te ﬂowers . i n n L t a . ocal sandy spo s , Cha gi , Pu l u Ubin

n i L . A B a b l 11 Cu mi . s . . g aws kar i n l ng C lim er , f ower y e l lo w

ea s t P d el i ta r. S coa s , S ungei an an , K ranj i , S TH E L R S R F O A OF I N GA PO E . 6 3

ndi o m . A m eda l A A u S a l aci a gra ﬂ K urz p yam . shr b half a t t c t sc nden , gnarled , wi h bla k s ems , smal l pearly ﬂowers ,

- W and ea table orange coloured frui ts . oods and open

B t P . coun try , uki Timah , u lau Ubin , Changi , Toas

a r l o n i ol i a . V . g f , Changi

T . S W c . No t l a ti o l i a “ a . S . f l l ingapore ( al l i h No seen

r n i des De . A c t S . p i o C slender l imber (a large s raggl ing sh rub to t w according King ) , w i h very smal l bro n ﬂowers and

t No t . G smal l globu lar orange frui s . common arden j un

B t . gle , uki Ti mah Road , Pu lau Ubin

l en s . A t w o S y a r esc K urz cli mber wi h ye l lo or reddish ﬂ wers . B t t . No common , uki Ti mah , Tanglin , Changi

H . H b l o n i l o ra t t . S . g f ook al f scanden shru wi h buff ﬂowers

Changi , rare .

s a vescens . R S . p . near ﬁ are , Changi

” E6 “ N t L o bl m La ws ﬁ S L . o t S . ingapore obb seen , very i mperfec

ly known .

‘ i B n n L s n S , Cr l a s fru ( 1m mp i 0 e th . var u gei oyang

R HA M NE /E .

B A c l V en ti l ago l ei oca rpa en th . slender much bran hed c imber t wi t h smal l gree n ﬂowers , and smal l round frui wi th a G a B t long narro w wing . Common . rden j ungle , uki Ti mah ,

P u lau U bin .

/ n G t . B t . ma dr a s a a a . V . p aer n Rare uki Mandai

No t A t t . z lru s oeno l i a M . Z i g/p p il l scanden horny bush common .

Orchard Road .

No t el e a ns W . W . . Z . g al l ( al l ich No seen

A t da ca l o h l l a W . Z . p y al l large cl i mber very horny rk green t pol ished leaves , smal l whi e ﬂowers and orange globose V G B t t . c t ea able frui ery om mon , arden jungle , uki Timah , Seli a r t t , e c .

V ar w t t . eli ta . i h smal l lea ves , and smal ler fru i s S r . 6 4 T HE F L O R A S R E OF I N GA PO .

Z . H o rs e/dz Mi . B t ﬁ q Rare , uki Ti mah .

Co l u br i n a a si a ti ca Bro n n . h t g A s rub wi h green ﬂowers . S ea

c a t G . o s s , alang

S m a. t n ﬂz e r e i cu l a ta . . No t a h y K i g Cl imber com mon , ne r t e s ea .

S . Toas , erangoon

A M P EL D JE I E .

' ’

z l m m a cr os mcb a Ni . H n n B k t I g/ q edges , commo , Ta glin , u i

J . Timah , urong

W V er v R r , al l . com mon , Changi , eservoir , Tangl in ,

l i a r etc . Se t ,

i n n a m o mca \V . No t ver v n a R e l . c al l commo , Ch n Chu K ang ,

r vo i r B t M . s e , uk i andai

i Mi R o l l sa . V . p y qm q are , Changi .

' e n H o V el a s . . l . g K urz edges and b rders of woods ery com

etc . mon , Tangl in , Jurong ,

' ' - 's m A t a I . L a u o c King . big l imber wi h large yel low gr pes W B t t . t G qui e ea abl e oods , uki Ti mah , arden jungle .

d n a s W n r - a t r l r i . A V . u a a u ( q g al l odd fou n g led s em med vine , t n o t t b u t c t t d wi h very few lea ves ; na i ve , u l i va e here

and there . )

- t ﬂ a t t 4 fut ca m Laws . A long vine wi h s ems angled green t t c r t h e wi h hi k bands of brow n co k along edge , grapes w B t B t black . Common in dense oods , uki Timah , uki

M etc . andai , Tanglin ,

mm \V r H t V N . A n . . p and edges , For Canning , Chan Ch u

Kang .

' em s n ' mi s Te s m B t l . . c iﬂ y uki Timah .

' er \ V A v t a l a b r i ma . u c t T. g al l s c ulen ine wi h grey fou r ngled V t t d . s ems and red en rils , berries black ery common

d A R a etc . in he ges . sam iang Tanglin , Ch ngi , THE L R S R F O A OF I N GA PO E . 6 5

' T L t i V i z ma “ . A t r mo l l ss al l akom Gajah . hai ry vine wi h

t t t . fol iola e leaves and large dir y whi e grapes Common ,

S B . C l uny Road , ungei u l uh , Reser voir woods

l z bl i a L . V r Z/ ery com mon , hedges , Reser voir , Race Course ,

Ka l a ug P uding .

' “ a . S N . Jap o m c Thunb ingapore . o t recognised

‘ W A t no vemfo l z a al l . slender vine wi th large semi tra nspa ren

. a t t . o a pink gr pes , qui e unea able Comm n , Tanglin , Chu

Ch u Kang .

L i n s . p eaves simple , ﬂowers ver y smal l green axi l lary

i a t th e h . R pan cles , crowded ends of t e branches are ,

Seli ta r .

' a A v t rk P u r im / l li es co r z a cea Kor th . e y slender v ine rema able for its long flattened cri mson flower spikes 3 or 4 inches long one or 2 wide female flowers smal l sunk i n

th e m l s t th e . spike , a es on alks along edge , grapes black

L t B t etc . ocal in hick woods , Chan Ch u Kan g , uki Mandai ,

L . L eea . arge shrubs wi th green or red ﬂowers in cory mbs Mal li - mall i

’

W . x n t t . L . sa mbu mn a Si to te t i l ld fee al l , ﬂowers greenish whi e

V t . B t ery com mon in damp spo s Tanglin , uki Timah ,

Selitar . V ’ a r b ser . a . . i ra i a Ch ua Chu K ng

L . robusta B an t . Roxb . Rare , lak g Ma i

L . ru bm ‘ Bl . A t t e tt . smal ler plan w i h red ﬂowers , very pr y

' Tan t . glig , perhaps in roduced

L n l h mb ur k B . a c o . N Ja va i ca S S o t . . ing pore ( g ) seen

n biduri . P L u a t . . a g l ta Kor h Mal l i assir Panjang .

S A P INDA CE Z E .

' L th e B Cardz os i er mu . t t l m al loon vine , is cu l i va ed b th t y e Chinese as a vege able , and occurs in waste ground . P B . ula u Ubin , ochore 6 6 T HE L R S F O A OF I N GA PO RE .

A s bb A s t w an l l a/ﬂag a Cu e L . sea hore shrub wi h whi te ﬂo ers d T red . h e ra cemosa th e . berries var . is only one here

Seli tar J r1 ro n A a . Common , K ranji , , g, lexandr Road

d l fi l i a Jess a “: e u l e B . t A t t c l/ Mer ajam . ree , wi h smal l bla k

t t . c unpleasan ly ﬂa voured frui s Common , espe ial ly near

P . G . H t . t own o vern men i l l , u lau Ubin

' X s u m m r l u m P a dlk . A w o p cr m u i ca Rambu tan Pa c hat . smal l t t t t ree , ﬂowers whi e , fr ui yel lo w roughened ou side , seed t B t enclosed in ea able pu lp . Common , Tanglin , uki Man

B t A r . dai , uki ang

’

. W Wiz l z /m S a n o t e . l c K ing ing pore , al l ich ( s en )

“ e iz N L o n n N e i u m a a eu m L . t a d p l l pp c Rambu an . . g/ Camb “ l “ P ” M t c N. du l seem : B . a a K u hing ; l / u lassan , are t Cu l i vated .

“ b m r h . R . V . l a r u . t t g No on a edan Frui s war ed red , acid . n Tanglin , Cha Ch u Kang , Toas .

e H u N r u s r ens . . . f ier Chan Chu K ang

. m i A t t t t N er i opeta l u M q. beau iful ree wi h wh i e ﬂowers in hang a d t S n t t . ing spikes , scarle frui like rambu ans unggol ”

L t . B t h G . o ong uki Tima , arden Jungle

’ ’ W Z ometi u r a cz l i s . B t . g K ing oods , uki Timah

B . I a l u i bl i a Hadlk . C t j han Ch u Kang , uki Mandai

“ m a a n t . Si o tel i R . G ui oa pl eu r p s adl Tree , ﬂowers whi e p y ” B t ’ H tt B t U lar . Com mon , en ley s h il l ( ul le ) , uki Ti mah ,

S el ita r .

Se li ta r . u a nws a R . B t G . s q adl uki Ti mah ,

e ubescens R . V c m e . G . p ad l ery om on e v ry wh re

/ us ( cra m a . B t . Tri gun t w u R dl Rare , uki T i mah

/ 3 A o r s m t ee. Sea lj a o r . a l i s Bl . A A rgyl em l i tto r . var y shrub al l r

c oasts , Chua Chu K ang .

6 8 T H E F L O R A OF SI NG APORE

v ﬂowers and large grey pear shaped mangoes , ery un

t to ea t . B a t etc t at . pleasan Jurong , l kang Ma i , . Cu l iv ed

M Icema n a Bl l t t . . a ra . . g K emang Probably only cu iv ed , re

' “ L. t M . i n daco . i a t d Mango C u l v e .

r “ A n a a rdi u m o i l en ta l e L . . a t c cc Cashe w G jus. Cu l ti va ed t t . n th e and of en es abl ished Com mo near sea .

' l a n a H l u . ﬁ R a A l el n o r rlz ea J z i . l g y ook . en g s Manau big t w t - w l t t . A ree wi h hi e ﬂowers , and red 5 winged fru i el b B k t . u t now n im er Common , ki Ti mah , Changi , K ranji ,

Seli ta r.

’

P r i s/15a u bes cen s H . ti l . A t t 1 50 t t i a p ook lof y ree , fee al l , ﬂower ng f h e c ut t V a be ore t leaves come , ﬂowers whi e . ery r re ,

Dal vey Road .

P a u ci u a E . B t . . p j g/ ngler Rare , uki Ti mah

P Ma i n a i H . ﬁ l . G a . . g y ook rden jungle

m os crma G1 { i t/m H . ﬁ l . Terun ta n . A a tr e Ca pn p ﬂ ook g l rge e ,

t h n . B t wi h big leaves especial ly w en you g Com mon , uki

Timah .

I l m B i u l a ta H . ﬁ . . t ( . a u r c ook Co mon i n woods Tangl in , uki Ti

m a h el ita r . , S . Teban R B M a l l i s/m . t a . 0 , W K ing Dal vey oad , uki ndai , Toas

i H fi l h l a a u r i cu l a a . . A t t a M el a no c y ook big ree , wi h very l rge sti ff lea v es and pani c les of green ﬂowers fer til ized in th e

W t, . e evenin g by brow n cockchafers jungles , Chan Chu

K ang.

‘ n r u m l R a to mcl u m ma r B . Dra cc n gi/ are , Chu Ch u K ang .

(J O NNA R A CExE .

o na ru s err u z n eus . A t . No t m n C n f f/ Jack scanden sh rub co mo , n Buki t Ma dai . TH E LO R o r S F A I N GA PO R E . 6 9

C. semi d ndr u eca s . A Jack hal f scanden t bush wi th lil a c ﬂowers , and red c t pods on ainin g one black seed wi th a red ari l . Dr t n Seli ta r B t . y open coun ry , Toas , Cha gi , , uki Mandai

l ' h / W B C o z o l u s . t . y p g/ al l uki Mandai , Changi .

(7 L a . . ra n di s . . g Jack oc l Changi , P ulau Ubin

B t e i ti u s K . . C. l l p c in g uki Mandai

’ ’ ’ fi l A t l k z H . t t E l apa n th us Gmfii l z ook . ree wi h smal l whi e flowers u G a rden j ngle .

’ ﬁ l S W . N t . ur a um n a ta H . o Ro ea c z ook ingapore , al lich seen

L t G . u l ch el l a . . R . p Planch of y climber arden j ungle , Changi

“ t t . a R . r ugosa Planch ; Semi la pu ih Common , Ch ngi Road , l S e i tar .

B R . a a . S p ra l l el a P l nch ungei u luh , Changi , K ranj i .

‘3 R u l cns a S t . A t t f g Pl nch . emi la al l slender cl imber wi h pink

t . u a a t and whi e ﬂowers The yo ng le ves of beau ifu l pink ,

w h A a t t . hence t e speciﬁc name . very be u ifu l plan The V i s ti . m a bark used by na ves for col ic ery com on , T n gl in ,

B t . uki Ti mah , Teban

n W R. o l o a a c co l o r B . N t . r re Teban , Reservoir oods , Ch n Chu n Ka g .

' A l l - e aea vestz l a H ﬁ . A a . A g ook . k r Kachang kachang cl i mber

wi th sm a l l pinkish ﬂowers a nd red vel vet y pods . Co m mo n t S umba wa n B t in fores s, Tanglin , g , uki Ti mah , Changi

' ' ’

A ﬁ l . A a n ta a a l l baz . . . W z c Hook . kar K cha g jan n Ch ngi

A Hu l l ettz z . L a . . K ing oc l , Changi

’ n mi A t t ts C estz s Ta / for a Griff . cli mber w i h brill ian pink shoo , - a u t . whi te ﬂowers , and large pear sh ped red fr i s Com mon

n t . a T n i n dry woods a d open coun ry Tanglin , Ch ngi , a

jong Penj uru . T HE L R a 7 0 F O A OF S INGA P O R E .

L NO JE EG UM I S .

r A A br us p ecawr i a s L . s len der cl im ber wi th pale l il ac ﬂowers t th and red and blac k seeds . A varie y wi whi te seeds th e n t e c n occurs and is highly prized by a i ves as a m di i e . Sea shores , Changi .

Ha m “ Cr o ml a ri a a l a ta . H t D A Kachang an u arat . herb L t . t n wi h yel low ﬂowers ocal was e grou d , Tanglin ,

A n . Changi , Ju rong , g Mo K io

" I r tu sa L A t n ﬂ o . e . glau cou s herb wi h sho wy ora ge yel low

wers . S . andy shores , Changi

e l l i a n a A n d. A t a C. S common weed in was e ground , and s ndy

. G etc . places , yel low ﬂowers Changi , alang ,

uz n u e o l i a L . R a a . 0 . q q f re , K r nj i

n a n a L . . Sea C. i c F lowers yel low shore , Tanah Merah .

' ’ ’

l m n i a strobz l z era B r . A . Sea e n o t co mmo n F e i g f sh rub shor s , ,

a B n t . Ch ngi , laka g Ma i

W A l t . a V n a r etu sa . Se n i g al p smal l yel ow ve ch shores , Cha gi ,

B lakang Ma ti .

' “ Pe A a . t t . Ca tz a n En d. a rut ( V . g K chan g y m C ul i va ed ) ’ “ b /z i z u s a n u l a tu s c . B a . S (P a c yr r g Ri h engk u ng engk uang . t The yam be a n is cu l ti va ed . )

’ ” Kark a a w l bl a b L. r s . t cu ( Do l z ch os L a F lo ers b lue or whi e ,

ti va ted. )

l B l t va . i r o no bu s . t ul P 30 17bo ca pu s tetrag o De C K achan g o or . t d e . )

t a t . ( Cl i torea Terna tea L. Cu l iv ed )

’

a a nz o l z a B t . A t a t w C. c j jf en h sh rub wi h large l il c whi e ﬂo ers , V B etc . n at ural ised from razi l , rou nd Tanglin , ery com m n o .

’ ‘ B m ﬂ P l u mz er B t . tt o Cen trosema z en h The u erﬂy pea , cli ber , t were whi te wi th dark crimson cen tre . Na uralised in

hedges near town . " THE FL O R A O F SI NGA POR E . 7 l

n s i . . ( Ca na va l z a e far mi s De C Kachang Parang . C ul ti vated )

' - A h n fl t iz l a . C. l i ea t De C _ bean wi pi k owers swee _ creeping c t t ea s en ed , beans ea able . S shores , com mon , Changi , B M t lakang a i .

’

D . B o btu si o l z a e A m . s C . f C cli ber on bushes , ﬂowers pink ean

to . ea . said be poisonous S shores , Toas , Changi

Il D N u una i a n tea e . t . o t l e g g C C limber , ﬂowers greenish whi e

B M t . com mon , lakang a i

l bi l i buta Te s m . . n . l . p y F lowers purple Cha Chu Kan g

E s m i i th o r a M . t ( E rgt/z r m a s tr i cter and . l p e q are plan ed here and

t b ut n o t i . here , w ld )

’ e m u z n eu s B t Se a n a t . A S p a t/10 10 6143 f g en h . Akar j g big liana , th e t th e t to th e t one of bes of wa er v ines , cl imbing ops

h e t t . of t highes rees , ﬂo wers deep purplish sma ll Com

etc . mon , Tangl in , Chan Chu Kang , W l . M a a er i . e B t S . ng / Frain F ow rs rosy oods , uki Ti mah

Garden j ung le .

’

i t . G R z rl l e i Prai n . S . y B g cli mber , ﬂowers whi e ardens , Chan

Chu K ang .

”

r t L . Sea s . Indigo/ era h i s u e hore , Tel uk K urau

' b a l ud a . s i . S es ba m a p os Rox Rare . Mar h near K ranj

’ W l t S . r a n di l m a l . t ( g j ers Tree i h arge whi e or pink ﬂo wers . i ts th e C u l tivated for ﬂo wers , and for leaves ea ten as a

v egetable . )

' “ ' th M t lu osz a ca ndi da De . S e ( k C given for ingapore in a erials , t is on ly a garden plan . )

’ W t Bi da a ri A . d T Il oo/rer z a na W . . as e ground , , probably a n

escape . / ’ A t t Mi l atri a er z a n t/u t Be nth . lof y climber w i h c oppery red ﬂ th reen i sh el lo w t to th e t a owers wi a g y cen re s and rd ,

t t . No t m ou side co vered wi h golden fu r very com on ,

B G . uki t Mandai , arden j ungle H E L 7 2 T F O R A OF SIN G APO R E .

' ’ n B ak M a z a z . m M . g y A big cl i ber wi th large h a nging pan icles P t . b of pink ﬂowers deliciously scen ed ods o long woody , t 4 and abou inches long , one seeded , wrinkled covered

t . No t a wi h ﬁne grey fur com mon , Tangl in , Ch n Ch u

a . K ng , Reservoir woods

M a tro m r ur ea B t n o . l p en h . is pro bably t wild here . A ﬁ ne tree a t s occurs in a g rden in Pa er on Road .

’

m l a bra V t . Ma l a art . A t k P onga z a g en p ree wi t h pin ﬂowers .

th e t . i l a J uron Common on sea coas s Changi , S g p, g ,

Pu lau Ubin .

W . ta Th w . Derrzs sz n ua oody cl i mber , ﬂowers green and whi te

l . Tidal ri vers , P u au Ubin

ra B t . S t s t th yrsiﬂ o en h canden bush , ﬂowers in den e erec

w h t t t . panicles , i e , pods long and hin , reddish when whi e i n V t e c . ery common open co un ry , Tangl in , C hangi , t

’ ’ K i l z nosa B t . A etu S t u l z g en h kar canden sh rub , ﬂowers t t a i i pink . Com mon on sea coas s and by id l r vers R vers u Ub V al ley Road , Changi , P u la in , Kranj i , Baj a u .

n dens B t . t . l Mera mbo n . I) . sca en h Flowers whi e Pu au g

No G ar az n a B t . . t D. a m en h C l imber , ﬂo wers pink com mon ,

den Jungle .

' el l i l z ca B t . u . O t t t i i ts ( l ) . p en h T ba f en cu l i va ed for ki ll ng nsec

t le t . o n vege ab s , and ca ching ﬁsh)

Selitar . D M a l a ccensi s P ra in . . , . F lowers pink Juron g

i . n B t . . o bl o ga . en h Flo wers dark pink Chang ( No

a th l t a . a , D. 8p . w i very ve ve y le ves Rare , Ch n Ch u K ng Changi

' ale n Bi w sm l A u nstl er i a Ri dl ez/ i Pra i . g cli mber , ﬂo ers a l purpl e

W m b ut a we . al most black . oods , co mon r rely ﬂo ring

Seli ta r . Garden j ungle ,

- d l B n t . A t a l Do wergi n s yh u um . e h woo y cli mber wi h sm l TH E L R O F F O A S I NG A PO RE . 7 3

te W g reenish whi ﬂowers . oods c ommon , Tanglin, C n P um a w S b a n . ha gi , u lau Ubin , g

V ' a r . co r t /r n i B t S ec z i . uki Ti mah

’ D n . r l u l z a B e t R . en h . are , Changi

' J) . d s s eu os z s c o Mi . t . n Ga r p q C li mber , ﬂowers wh i e Commo , n B t d li a r e t B . den ju gle , uki Man ai , Changi , S , ajau

D 11 n l /el l i Pra i n i t i . w h . Flowers wh e produced hen t e leaves

a re . R S el i t r a . fal len Rare , Thomson oad ,

l) r t M to a G rah . t . . Cli mber , ﬂowers whi e angro ves and sea P P D . shores . Common , ulau Ubin , Kranj i , u lau amar

’ ’ T l P tero m m s z n dz us “ i ld A s t . c c . S y The ng ana , or ena , plan ed on ly

' ’ Z l P ' P st t r / l a t . o n z a c z t l e . p y e s ro ra e herb , ﬂowers y l low Sandy

a G . pl ces , alang , Chan gi

' ' r r v S s a a l l S U a z a cr i n i ta Des . mal l h rubby plan t wi th t pike t of bl ue ﬂo wers , very beau i ful ; on banks sporadical ly . ’ R O c tt . rchard Road , S o s oad

' ’ A A l sz ca r u s r a z n a l i s Mi . y p g q slender herb , ﬂowers black purple .

u. Changi , Te l uk K ura

V l r n u r v ns t er . a . mm u l a j o l i a P ulau U bin ( K u )

h m n n G . E s n o e e i di a L. c y c Shrubby weed , alang

' P ' Desmodz u m Ir i o ru m De . t ﬂ C rostra e herb in grass , ﬂowers pink o Comm n , Tangl in , Changi .

lwtero /t D th e . p yl l u m e C . Com mon over whole island

b u De A s t . ea t u m el l a t m . S C big hr ub , ﬂowers wh i e coas s

al l round th e i s land .

o l m u m De A u b t t t p yc p C . shr by plan wi h erec racemes of

r t . n deep c imson , or rarely whi e ﬂowers Co m mon in ope

t S el i ta r etc . coun ry , Tanglin , Changi , ,

V ar o va i o l i a . A n . . l f Rare , g Mo Kio 7 4 THE L R S F O A OF I N GA PO R E .

’ (fr /n as l ma r o Ba a dz s ca k . A t o c big ree , ﬂ wers pink , pod round a n d ﬂ a t s t e c t reddi h pink wi h a larg s arle and black seed . t Rare , one ree in Cl uny Road .

(A a r r z o l a Ba k No t i . t p f a very large re e , leaves smal l deep t green , ﬂowers whi e , pod round , seed red . No t rare . B M t P P lakang a i , Changi , asir anjang , Reservoir .

0 . mi s V cr o er m a B a k . a r . Ri tl l e i . u t 5 0 t t p y Tree abo fee al l , ﬂowers

t . S el i ta r whi e Rare , , Tanglin .

‘ a s C ss i a o btu i bl i a L . A t / common weed w i h y e l low ﬂowers . W t G n as e grou nd , Tanglin , ala g .

C. Mr u l a L s . A t hairy weed wi h ye l lo w ﬂowers . Com mon ,

e tc . Tangl in ,

o i n L A d. cc cl e ta l i s . c ommon wee

’ “ D C. ( cl a m, L . G . S u t elenggang , aun hr b wi h sho wy _ K urap yel lo w ﬂowers . Com mon round vi l lages .

' mea La m C. s i a . . O Tree , yel lo w ﬂowers ccu rs near Tanglin , b ut b t dou fu l ly wild in Singapore .

/ t n D t t t fl L es a cen a u l i a a e . A t C pre y sh ruble wi h yel low o wers .

B t M . Com mon rou nd Tanglin , uki andai

' A A u mp a ss i a ma l a ccen si s Maing . Kumpa s . gigan tic tree a l l S i wi th hard red wood . Com mon over ngapore .

’

K a n i B t . Di a l i u m l uu r z n u m Ba k . r i , uki Ti mah

’ J) rl l i a k . a i n a B B t . g y . uki Ti mah

I) . . l l a l l i /m P G etc c ram . Com mon , arden j un g le ,

ll ia l i um t s th e The s are big rees , which upply wel l kno wn ” t t t fi l led t i mber K ranj i . The fru i , a vel ve y black pod wi h a s t th c te t wee pi en losin g a single seed , is ea n by na i ves and sold i n th e shops .

' ’ i n b S but B n i a u r u r a L . t a u cz p p e is quo ed ooks for ingapore , is t on ly in cu l tiva ion .

7 6 THE L R S R F O A OF I NG A PO E .

’ A den l l L a n z era a ve n a . t an p m Saga . Com mon ly plan ed d per

haps wi ld .

. b A t t t th A i o o . c l r Moon more compac ree han Saga , e seeds

‘ " - h b a ck . B t T B t alf red and half uki imah , uki Mandai ,

B P P e tc . edoh , asir anjang ,

' f a o r a ea L t - t t t Nep u m l e c our . The wa er sensi i ve plan a ﬂoa ing plan t wi t h brigh t yel low ﬂowers C ul ti vated a s a vegeta a b u t t ble and formerly very ndan in Singapore , now ra her

u ncom mon .

/ ’ 7 l r s t . W 2 9 . Xyl i a ( o l t n ifo r mi Ben h Singapore al li c h No . 5 This h a n th e s never again been fou d in peninsu la , and is pro b ba ly w rongly local ised .

u t O c t L eu mna l u ca B . t c g en h curs near vi l lages , doub less plan ed

Jﬁ mo sa u rli ca L . t t t p The sensi ive plan , is a we l l known pes l o ver th e who e island .

31 s e i m i a B t . A n t c . p en h in roduced sh rub very om mon al ong th e B t R D R th e R uki Ti mah oad , al vey oad , and near eser

voi r .

a d - u t i A ca c i a ra e f o n M . A c t No p q s ramblin g horny sh rub . t B t M a rare , uki andai , Changi , Toas , Ch n Ch u Kang .

\V i lld ‘ A cm m l a . A t c c . p horny limber , limbing very high . Tang

t c t . lin , hedges and hi ke s

i a n tb es r a m l g o m B t . er W c No t . S g ﬁ en h Singapore ( al l i h) . seen

' Z l a t/ r a s Te m ln z z i l i c te s . A t t n I y ree wi h pi k heads of ﬂowers . R P U u . are , lau bin

1 m a k 1 ) edi cel l a B . R i R . 1 are , K ranj oad .

fl B S a s s b l u ci a t . B o i l v A . t en h ing pore aker , p from a cu l i a ted c v spe i men .

.ee / r . i n B t . . l L ab l; B o l ti m . m t n A o o ra . A . m l u ca a en h en h c , some TH E L R S F O A OF IN G A PORE . 7 7

t h t ' t a t m an l a ces . imes pl n ed , es ablis hemsel ves m y p

ob u m du l ce B t . t t P i tlz eco l i en h Cu l i va ed on ly .

. A t P . on er tu m B t B S el i ta r . c f en h ree , rare , edoh ,

B t t P . u ba l i n u m . . b en h Ra her rare , Tanglin

“ l o ba tu m B t . . t o t en h Jering Tree wi h f e id pods , very

. h popu lar w i th Malays Common over t e whole island .

mi r oca r u m B t . A tt t t w t P . c p en h com mon l i le ree wi h hi e ﬂowers

t. c tt and brigh oran ge urly pods , very pre y when in fru i t .

B t e t . Tangl in , Chan Ch u K ang , uki Timah , c

’ “ i m H . J r i n h u ta n . A t I . el l p ti cu assk e g large ree wi th big curled orange pods from which when ripe han g black

t . No t S el itar seeds co vered wi h a grey bloom rare ,

P ulau Ubin .

ca nto r / u m a t . S el ita r etc . M r Common , Tanglin , Changi , ,

’

P . c l ea r z a B t . S eli ta r etc. yp en h Com mon , ,

P a n u l a tu m B t . V O t . q en h ery common in pen cou n ry , woods ,

etc . etc . Tanglin , Changi , Chan Ch u Kang ,

R o s a c nzn .

A t t t P a ri na r i u m co sta ru m B l . big ree wi h w hi e ﬂowers and

t t d t . R hard brown drupes wi h whi e o s are , Chan Ch u

K ang .

P ' b l t . 0 o n o B . A l gij i n m Hook . ﬁ l . alau wel l known i mber R t t t . ree of great size wi th large leaves whi e benea h are , B B t t . uki Ti mah , uki Mandai

P . G r i t/z i a u t A t t /ﬁ n m Ben h . big ree wi h deep green leaves ,

“ corymbs of whi te ﬂ o wers a nd yel low plu m - like frui t s

L c t . o al , For Canning , Changi

l u t ; A P . n i ti t m H . ﬁ l t La u h u a n ook . Kela y mediu m sized t t ms B t ree wi th very smal l red ea able pl u . uki Manda i

Chan Ch u K an g . HE L R 7 8 T F O A O F SI N G A PO RE .

P a r a s temo n a ro h l l u m De . S th e n p g/ C andy places near sea , Cha gi ,

Chan Chu K ang .

m Ma n a i Ho ﬁ l . t t t P y/geu i g y ok . Tree wi h wh i e ﬂowers cl us ered

h c No t . t e . on bran hes common , C l uny Road

“ ’ Ia n ceo l a z u nz H . ti l . S L . D t P . ook ingapore obb oub less an P error for enang .

ﬁ l t s o l sta ch mn H . . A ti P . p y y ook fair sized ree , ﬂowers whi h ,

c t . m a B t . s en of al monds Co mon , T ngl in , uki Timah

ersi mi l e . f . P . p K u rz are , K ranj i Road

s L m M o l u cca n u s . r R u bu The com on wild raspberry , frui t ed

v . t th e smal l and ery poor Thicke s o ver whole island , n very com mo .

r s B l . I do ubt t t t i t R . l o me a l u his han a varie y , has a longer g ‘ t t erminal panicle and more en ire leaves , and usual ly M o u a n u s h replaces ty pical R . l cc in t e hi l ls ; I have

ga th ered it ho wever in Jurong .

SA XIF R A G A CEZ E.

W 2 P o l osma r a r a n s B . a c . 847 . No t y f g enn l li h No seen .

P . R i dl e i . t t . R S el itar jj K in g Tree wi h whi e ﬂowers are , .

R HIZ O P H R E E O .

’ La r na ta m B l uk . n u c o . e up A common mangrove

. A l l . J B used for ﬁrewood man grove swamps urong , ajau , Changi

“ ” on u a te L. A t. o n B a au Juro n Selita r R . c j g ki Comm , j , g , .

' ' “ n d ea n n . . B Ceri op s Ca o l l a A r Tengah . Com mon ark used in t dyeing ei her a red brown when used alone , or purple

or bla ck in combination w i th Indigo .

’

r W . m B B r u u i era e z o eta l a A . a . g p and Co mon , ak u , K ranj i , Jurong

’ La m n S B . mnorln z a . . gy Com mon , Juro g , Changi , ungei Miora THE L O R S F A OF I N GAPO R E . 7 9

“ a r t o b l l o i des B l . B P t . V m B . c / p y akau u ih ery c om on , Ri ver

V R Seli ta r S r P . al ley oad , , erangoon , Ju ong , u lau Ubin

“ r W A Len . i om . a di B ar t . . S p ﬂ gg Com mon , erangoon ,

Jurong .

l ' a m l l i a co r tec rz n i i . . C S King Tree , rare , Changi

’ x r i l a r s t Tree c mm o n P el l a ca l a l z . o a t y Kor h , in second ry grow h .

B t m . uki Ti ah , Tanglin , Chan Chu Kang

P . a c ar cl i a n u s S t . . B t S c cor Tree Com mon in woods , uki Timah .

’ n x a r Mi M t Gy otruch es a i l l z s q. a a Keli . Tree wi th whorls r of smal l greenish ﬂowe s , and very smal l red or blac k c berries ; very ommon i n secondary jungle and woods , th e al l o ver whole island .

’ d -I A n t A ui soplzyl l ez a i s ti c w Bai l l . elegan shrub wi th pendu lous

d t c e . i n branches and is i hous l aves Common wood s ,

a eli ta r etc . Tang lin , Ch ngi , S ,

R . A . r z tlz z z . G ﬁ Oliver are , Chan Ch u Kang

CO M B RE TA CEJE .

Ma m el a m B . Ter mi na l i a plz el l oca rp a Kin g . p abi A tree a wi th smal l whi te ﬂowers and l rge green frui t . No t t B t M H rare in d a mp spo s in woods , uki andai , ol land

B k t P . road , u i anjang , Chan Chu K ang

“ h T. a tu a L. t . n t e t C pp K e apang Com mo along coas s , and often plan ted along road sides .

t t s u bs a t/z u l a ta . A t . T. p King very large ree w i h winged frui s

B t R . Near th e Gard en j ung le , uki Timah oad

‘ “ L D u n La m S . Ca lycopl er i s yl o ri b drt . ingapore obb oubtle ss an

error for Penang .

’

W A . t L umn z tz em cocci n ea . Tree w i h panicles of sca rle t

n th e . B S ﬂowers . Com mo near sea aj au , erangoon , etc .

t . L ra a W . . cemos i l ld Flowers whi e , Jurong TH E L 8 0 F O R A OF SI N G A PO R E .

Co mbr ct m tri o l i a tu m V t a j en . I have fo und frui ts of t hi s ﬂoat h ing in t e s ea near Singapore .

- mmi t u m Mi . ﬂ 0 . su q C li mber , owers green , Changi , Chan Chu

K ang .

[Ni er a a en di c ul a ta Bl . B t x/ pp C l i mber , rare , uki Timah .

‘ M T Y R A CEJE .

eu a l eu ca den dr o n L . G . \V a t M el a l c elam i ld Tanah Merah , G t i t near Changi . K ampong elam may perhaps ake s name

from trees formerly growing here .

’ ’ ‘

n i a l V /z z ti a na G . t P t . J . A s So c . Tr i s ta riff i n Can or s lan s ou rn .

‘ ‘ 2 z 3. T / t a n . . 6 l r a G c B engal xxiii p . g riff . Mss a cord f B t . b u t G t i t o . t ing t Flor ri I ndia , rif i h named af er a ” th e m \V h it . P ula w A t clergyman of na e of e a n . ree 40 fee t tal l wi th red bark which ﬂakes off and lies in pi les h a t th e t t e t : ﬂ t t . foo of ree o wers whi e , foe id Sandy B th e P b . spots near sea , ajau , u lau U in

t a . W T S . . p ﬂowers smal l w hi e , lea ves more cori ceous oods , B t u t . Buki Ti mah , ki Mandai

’

M er u ensi s G . S i . T. g riff unge Morai

r u escens P . A S i derox l o n ( T. f ierre sh rub m uch rese mbling g/ ’ er r u z n eum t t t f g , apparen ly his Cochin Chinese plan occu rs f th e P u B tt S t S on cl if s of island lau a am , ou h of ingapore . )

- a mn i a tr i n er va Bl . A t t t o R/tod medi u m sized ree wi h whi e ﬂ wers , of ten as whi te as Haw thorn when in ﬂower ; berries red c V S turn ing bla k . ery com mon al l o ver ingapore . The o n co l o r t t v ar . c wi h leaves green on bo h surfaces grows in ’ ’ c ta b l s t th e h shady pla es ; var . sp ec z z wi h backs of t e lea ves t b ut th e two sil very is com mon in open coun ry , varie ties t t t t pass in o each o her and are of en indis inguishabl e .

W t . A R /z odomy rtu s tomen tosa igh t . Kamun ing bush w i th t e t - t A rosy or whi e ﬂow rs , frui s pl u m colored , ea able . bun M a B a a S t . t. t dan t in sandy po s F ber , lak ng M i , Changi . T UE L A O F E F O R S I NG A P O R . 8 l

D cus er m um ra n i a n /a l u m . A u t e p I K urz shr b or smal l ree , ﬂowers t n i n t c s a n d wo B t whi e . Commo hi ke t od s . uki Timah , B t M J C h u n C . uki andai , uron g , han K a g

E u en i a . t s h e . t t g This genus of ree probabl y large s one known , v i fc t a n d th e t c t is a er y d f i u l one , iden ifi a ion of many of th e S pecies i n t h is l i s t m us t be some wha t dou btfu l a t

t . A ll S t presen in ingapore are trees of no very grea size , t t e t wi h whi e , pink or rar ly green flowers . Those wi h t Ja rn b u b large flowers and frui s are usual ly known as , y th e M t t s w a s K t alays , hose wi h mal ler flo ers , el a .

“ t J a mbo sa Mu r en s i J s w . r l c s L B l . ( Sec . ) ambu o Flowe

t t t . large bril lian pink , frui lar ge whi e or pink , eatable

Cu l tiva ted . )

E . a u a B M w r A . s t t e . J ( q urm ambu yer awar F lo e wh i e , frui i tr a n t t n sern s ar n t . u t t . p e rose or whi e , ea e C l i va ed )

t mbos L t . t d . Ja . Flo wers whi e Cu l i va e )

D t E . detest Z o ra e e n s n o t / C . F low rs pink , frui globu lar pi ki h , B Si l a B t t . rare , Changi , g p, uki Mandai , uki Ti mah road

“ ” W a rn b u A L t . n . E . r a n d s t J g i igh . yer au K ria Common th A on th e sea coas t and plan ted along e roads . big tree B W a t . t . a ﬂowers whi e i ld , ajau , Ch ngi

l W S r . Bi t w e do m a t . pi c p igh a nak Tebrau g ree , ﬂo ers

whi t e ; bark used for tanning ne ts . Common on th e sea B c t n n . a i . oas and i l a d Tanglin , ajau , K r nj , Changi

r m t L . S t t t ﬁ l ijb i s W al l . K ela apis mal l ree wi h small whi e s ﬂowers on long pedicels , common i n wood . Garden

Sel ita r G o l . Jungle , Changi , , Tanjong

r P . n o /z l a . S n i p y l Roxb a ak aya Chan Chu Kang .

D B t en dens D t . . p u hie ense woods , uki Timah

“ L i r D S . No t E H e e i t . . f u hie ingapore obb seen ; probably

from Penang .

E ' z r m i u m / l La . t S ( oser . t ﬂ ( y yg ) y K ela Merah S mal l ree , owers THE L R R 8 2 F O A OF S IN GA PO E .

’ t B H H u t . e t t e whi e n ley s il l ( l le ) , Changi , T ban , Pu lau

Tekong .

’ '

m r h R x . R y j cl z a o b i ver banks and near th e sea . Sungei M S e li ta r S J orai , , ungei urong .

u u A t . a c mi a tiswm a . t t K u rz big ree , ﬂowers whi e , frui purple J G . arden un gle , Jurong

/ “r “ E . e tcm z a t . al e rt/fo r a R oxb . and l p t igh Singapore and

P W c . No t s t enang , al l i h een ; probably bo h from

P enan g .

‘ r r W - s S z e l a m c c t . t . t y igh K ela Nasi Na i mal l ree , ﬂowers Dr t h t t t e . and frui s whi e . y sandy spo s , usual ly near sea

Com mon , Tangl in , Changi , Toas , K ranj i .

’ z A t t t cl rl o r cm t ra Du thie . very handsome ree wi h brigh pink h t r . t t t e ﬂowe s The name is a very u nfor una e one , pe als are g reenish whi te b u t very in conspi c uous beside th e d B t r ed t n . t bri l lian s ame s C luny roa uki Ti mah , Tanjong G o l .

/ t l n t t t l i n t a a B . O e c e of our om mones re s i n open coun ry , r i u s t t CO o . etc . ﬂowers and f ui s p whi e Tanglin , whole i sland .

’ W r i bl z a . . py / al l Cl uny road , Changi m R J l r a . G u oxb arden ungle .

' a i z W W 2 4 n sco u . S c 9 o t t ﬁ p all ingapore ( al li h 5 , iden i ed ) .

en ul s W t c Ta rn n i B v o a . No e a al l om mon , p s , uki t M ndai .

’ b o n o l z a t o l i D . G J g / u hie arden ungle , Chan C hu K ang .

u btl e us sa ta W . r P s t G . c S . al l a nak u l u arden j ungle , C hangi

Toas . / R b a ta . o oxb . Chan Ch u K ang

u i l /u e D t Bi t s . p p u hie g ree wi th red ﬂaky bark . W et j ungles m B t B u t com on , C luny road , uki Ti mah , ki Mandai .

‘ br l a l a c ec l a . G J arden ungle . D P l a c ri cu u l s t . i u hie ulau Ubin .

8 4 T HE L R S R F O A OF I N GAP O E .

m du m a M W . d . S E t . e e c ﬁ Jack ing pore , al l ich ( viden l y an error P n for ena g . )

' O clz ﬂz o cfz a r s a r ' Bl z a n i t a . S t m j hrub w i h pinkish ﬂowers . Co mon

s . J in man gro ve swam p K ranji , Chan Ch u K ang , urong , P u lau Ubin .

b s 0 . o r n een si Co n R . t Sel i ta r g are , idal ri vers , .

0 . a n i c u l a ta t \ N . . S V a l li ch 40 3 o t 8 . p Kor h ingapore , , ( seen )

o n r i l a b m ’o ﬂi D a S e e l l a H . a l y erb ense woods , Ch n Ch u K n g , B k t u i Ti m a h .

S . mo l u cce n e R x b D s o . ense wood , Chan Ch u K ang .

b o i . o l i e K r /z H tt t S u . t q erb , leaves dark green spo ed wi h wh i e R c s t when youn g , ﬂowers rosy . o k and dead rees in

t . B t . fores s Common , uki Ti mah

M a ra / m e r /z o z l o e r a A t c p Jac k . climber w i h large handsome w w m t t . ﬂo ers h i e w i h a purpl e eye Com on , Tanglin , J l ita r B t C S e . urong , uki Ti mah , hoa Chu K ang ,

Di s lz r / b B t B t s oc r ta u n h l a t e H ﬁ l . p c ook . . Clim er uki Ti mah , uki a i Sel ta r . M ndai ,

’

d s c No t. c l z e l . a l B . w p Climber , ﬂo ers ro e olored ommon , R B t . eser voi r woods , uki Mandai

I) a n n u e ﬁ l \ s B t B t a l m H . V o o d . ook . , uki Timah , uki M ndai S el ita r .

’ ) s t B u t I r i l z Bl S ﬂ e s . . ec c g . lender l imber , ow r wh i e ki Mandai ,

B t . uki Timah , Pulau Ubin

b l B R el i ta r cel c i ce B . u t S Com mon , ki Ti mah , eser voir woods , , C h a n Chu Kan g .

' ’ rl B e l . R ) n tc m B M . I . z r z a t are , uk i andai b A t . A np l ccti u m gl a ucu m Triana . ﬁne cl i m er wi h rosy flowers Re s l i a \ n B t Se t r . V o o ds . G arden j u gle . uki Ti mah , er voir ,

u / n R P b . A . a n n l a e . Tria a are , u lau U in THE L R S R F O A OF IN GA PO E . 8 5 i f Bl E t t r l edi n i l l e H a ss el i i . piphy e wi th pink ﬂowers and scarle m berries . Com mon in angroves and damp woods , Kranji , B B t n ajau , uki Mandai , Choa Chu Ka g .

“ l B i B . t M . M. ma r oce e c p Rare , uki andai

’ ’ ' s E u o i s s es z l i /l o r a . t t . J/ edz z l l ps Cogu piphy e , wi h waxy pink ﬂowers S ' M c elit a r Kra n i S un ei angrove s wamps , ommon , Toas , j , g

B u loh .

’ b z E t t l n tr l ma cro r r z e B c . t P a o o/ ce a e c piphy e wi h swol len s em ,

No t a Seli ta r S M . ﬂo wers pink . r re , , ungei orai E P . a . t t t gl au c Triana piphy ic , forming large u f s on trees i n B t B t M i woods . Com mon , uki Timah road , uki andai , K ranj

S B . un gei u loh , Choa . Ch u Kan g

These t wo Pa ch y c en t ria s are classed by Becca r i as a n t - plan ts P t h o s ita tri c i b ut th e t n o t t h ( ian e p ) , an s do l ive in e t t th e w swol len s ems as sugges ed by h im , s ol len por tions

being qu i te solid . l E P o o ne n tlrer e r e ema B . t t t g ﬂ pi phy e . more rarely erres rial , usual ly n th e i e l i ta r B t S . ear sea , K ranji , Chang , , Toas , uki Ti mah

Cl i t l ema lu r ta Do n . A t S t A ( coarse weed , na i ve of ou h merica , t t r t has es ablished i self in Tan glin , near Fo Canning and

elsewhere . )

r b l e n o c m J ﬂ o we s . u t n dre a fel l a c . P rer na c pi a k Tree , , om mon , el ita r Toas , S . i C h m s i m m C u . l ru l e ce . P . c Jack Com on Tan g l in , Chang , han K ang

R . en i cu l e / e B t . P t. p en h are , Chan Ch u K an g

' '

l s / J M un ah o n . A c t t Ir z ms e wh i ne ct a c k . Sial ommon ree wi h d ﬂ . Dr v pa le viole t fugacious owers woo s , wh ole island .

' T t b “ a n d Ma in a n o t u mi nn l a Dcn e. c l r . a c Col le ed here y al ker g y ;

seen .

t t ﬂ o J/ emecy/ l o n . Trees w i h smal l bl ue or whi e wers ; a very

fﬁ t s th e to i t t . di c u l genu , as species appear run n o each o her 8 6 THE FL OR A OF SI N GA POR E .

' s l B m r i noz dcs B . t JJ . . y uki Mandai

f um B l “ S M . a u or . L N t . p c ﬂ ingapore , obb . o seen

' “ r Bl D l u m . m th l rr z a . e t g u lek Co mon on coas s , K ranj i ,

n B B t d a n . Su gei u l uh , uki Man ai , P ul u Teko g

’ n u B B t a u mz a t m Bl . c c Thi k woods , ajau , uki Timah .

r a n ul e t A o t t c g Re z . very hands me plan , wi h pani les of bl ue li a r G n l S Fu la M . e t u era ﬂowers S , arden ju g e , erapong ,

wan . G J h eter o l eur u m Bl . t . n p Ni pis K u li arden un g le , Cha gi , B t M uki andai .

M m en Ra . a l i a u l e . . p o Roxb re , Chan Ch u Kang

’ a r d n un l e p . G e j g

M B t . s p. uki Timah

L . G M . . sp eaves very narro w arden jungle

M . S S n a p . u gei Mor i

L Y THRA CEZ E .

du l e t . A wi t t P em t i e a ci . ea p Fors bush h whi e ﬂowers S coas ts , n n li ta n o t a Se r . commo , Ch gi ,

’ ’ fro emz a F [cs - Re i n a; t G S L a gers g Re z . iven for ingapore in K ing s ” n o t Materials , is wi ld here .

' n f L - t t S o n cra z a . arge sea shore rees , of en growing in th e sea

i tself .

‘

a rle L . L n a ta . Ba l ca inn eaves rrow , s mens red Rare . es tier

t . plains , by s reams

a l oe S t . B ero mbo n . Bi t ta w t mi h g g ree , common , s mens hi e .

Juron g , Changi .

‘ “ Grg i ﬂm . n fl K urz Pedada Toas , Cha gi , Jurong . TH E L R N P F O A OF SI G A O RE . 8 7

O NA G RA CE A L

Herbs or shrubs .

/ 'e n t t t J e ssi e a t p e s L. Floa ing in s reams wi h swol len pi thy ﬂoa ts t t t Flowers whi e wi h a yel lo w cen re . Tanglin .

’ ' t L. t 5 t s u ru tz cosa S t . J . ﬂ hrubby , abou fee al l wi h yel low ﬂowers

Com mon Serangoon , Kal lang , Thomson Road .

H ( m us ti o l i a La m . t 2 t t J . g / erbaceous , abou fee al l , nearly glab w o et S t . rous . Com m n in po s

‘ A th L u dwzgi e p r ostra te Roxb . smal l herb w i smal l yel lo w

i n w t t a tc . . e e ﬂowers Com mon spo s , T ngl in ,

S A M Y DA CE E .

t c Trees or shrubs wi h usual ly very smal l in onspi cuous ﬂowers .

' ’ r e L o bbz a n e c A n o t t Ca s ea z Tur z . smal l shrub , a ree as in ’ “ t t t 3 t . K ing s Ma erials , usual ly abou fee al l F lowers t e c t red minu e gr en , apsule orange wi h seeds . Com mon

i n woods al l over Singapore .

’ W a li ta r . cn te R . S m Se 0 . escu oxb oods , e baw ng ,

' a r /vei . R . C. Cl K ing are , Chua Chu Kang

’ ' ' B t Jr n a i . n o t O smel z a e z g y K ing Tree , rare , uki Timah , K ranji ,

t . B uki Mandai , Toas

' ‘ ’ di o r u m B t . . Homa h u m grcm ﬂ en h Tree , rare , K ranj i

P A s e L O R EAa

‘

n o ee n e M t . M o decce S z ng p r as C l imber , ﬂowers green , capsule

h l k w t . red wit b a c seeds i n a hi e ari l Common , Tanglin ,

B t S eli ta r a . B ukit Timah , uki Mandai , , P ul u Tekong

i l L o B u . J] . o b z B p p u l j l e . ess comm n , aja

J [ essi/l o re fwti da has established i tself in was te ground near h to x t t Tangli n and elsewhere , as a ve a smal ler e en P . ’

P mi n ama P . u a dra n u l a r i s . s uber ose , . , and q g 8 8 TH E F L O R A OF S I NG APO R E

Cuoc nnrr a o s m.

A h h e e good many of t hese are cu l ti vated by t e Chinese r , bu t d very fe w are wil .

S lender c li mbing pumpkins wi th wh i te fi mbria te ’ t r t ten a t t ubu lar ﬂowe s , opening abou o clock nigh , and egg shaped c ri mson frui t yel low inside th e ﬂ a t seeds en c los ed to s in a dark green sl i my pu lp . They are said be poisonou , b ut th e t th e are used by na i ves in medicine , pu m pkin

be ing squashed on th e hea d to cure heada c he .

’ l V e /l i /z z n a W V c a t . igh ery com mon in woods and hed ges , v a l l o er Singapore .

wra r N T l V a ei o n . o t C e . . / rar , Tangl in

bi a L a t t a n d T cel e c Cogu . eaves deep green r her s iff shining t t' t rifol ia e ; The fru i mu c h larger and cyli ndri ca l oblong . n Ta gl in , Choa Chu K ang .

Commonly c u l t i va ted an d s o me times oc curring in waste ' ‘ u L a en a ri a t a h ur es S e r B o tt l e o ur d L u a az ti a ca gro nd are g / . g jz ayp ” ’ “ ' “ P e t JIo nw r di ce cb a t a n ti a L ucu mi s s a ti re M il l . ola ; ; C Ti

‘ 1 T b - r m o n c c u : Cz tr u l l u s t u l a r z s S c r . t , u m er g h ad a er melon ; ’ ’

l a t . D L B u cu r bz ta mo z a D c . e o . en n L s c u h C p p e C abu , and i case “ c eri er a S . n f avi K u d ur .

F I I JE O O DE .

i L H . es uvi u m o r tu l a ca s t u m . e S p erb , ﬂow rs pink Tidal Ta m i en s . Changi , p road

’ L A w rth . t JIo l l ugo s tr z cta Tapak Burong . smal l weed whi e

ﬂowers . Com mon , Tangl in , Changi .

UM B E LL IF E B JE .

s th e t t This order , as el e where in ropics , is very scan i ly

t . t a n h e represen ed I have doub s as to y of t spe cies being native .

’ L “ P a a v H dr oco t l e a si e tz ca e . A y y . g g ery variable creeping c t s c i t herb , mu h in reques as a alad and as med i ine , is

- r c t th e V egularly col le ed and sold in herb shops . ery h t c om mon over t e who le island in gras sy spo s . THE F L O R A O F SI NG APO R E .

- n d x - o tu i bl i a . O c H . r j Ro b A very smal l leaved spe c ies . curs in th ﬂower beds in e botani c gardens as a weed .

- E ryngi i u n fag( i dem Jac q . A pri ck ly herb wi th a nauseous odou r . E t “ A t Ch u a en by Chinese . bou v i l lages , Cha ngi , Choa

et . A v h \V t c t t e . K ang , na i e of es Indies

A. RA L LA CE&L

' ‘ d u m i n n a l i i du m M i l B A A r a l é i p j q. Tingga alai . sh rub or smal l t t t v l ree wi h lobed or en ire lea es , panicles of smal green a t t w t w c ﬂowers and large drupes , ﬁ rs hi e , hen ripe bla k

t t t t . B t wi h an un pleasan soapy as e Common , uki Timah ,

Ju rong , K ranji . E w H e ta l eu ru m a ren e S . t p p ee m piphy e usual ly in mangrove s amps ,

th e t t th e . lower leaves are rifoliola e , u pper ones si m ple N t eli tar P o . common , K ranji , S , u lau Ubin

H ce /z a l o tes . A t . On B . p Clarke ree rocks , ajau , K ranj i , P ulau

su bu l a l u m S . E t o n t i n n o t o H . eem piphy e rees woods , c m mon ,

Chua Chu K ang . E . B H el l i ti cu m S t . t . . p eem pi phy e uki Timah , Kranj i

* H Ri dl e i A n t th e . y K ing epi phy e , or a shrub on rocks near No t . . S u . sea Flowers yel low rare , Kranj i , ngai Morai

H ul l ettu . A t t t H . K ing beau ifu l plan , wi h handsome foliage ,

digi tate and deep green . F lowers pure whi te in long

a xil li ar a t . A t t y p nicles , frui smal l purple ree , of en epi W a t t . phy t ic ﬁrs oods , Chan Ch u Kang and Chua Chu

Kang . l u m B . A r t/z roplzyl l u m di vers zjbl i Jolok Han tu . A tree abou t “20 t t t n w t fee al l wi h gree ﬂo ers and black frui , very com i n mon a l l over Singapore open coun try .

Co aNA CEmL

“ utub a l Bi M n o b s . B . S . t e R a rl ea i h . C . C larke g re are , Buki t

Timah .

‘ L Jl . ebena cea . B . Cla rke. B f t C idah Kerbau ( u falo ongue . ) THE L R 9 0 F O R A OF S I NG A PO E .

n a A very ﬁ e n d large tree wi t h whi te ﬂowers . A good h G a t i mber ; t e frui t is large and deep purple . rden

j ungle . ' i ‘ R l . Al r l z z i . B S B . G i /j C . C larke are , ungei u l uh .

“ P AI. S . . . p K ay u Tas Rare , onggol This t ree is su ppose d to have remarkable powers in drivi n g t th e M t t i ts away igers , and alays of en wear bi s of wood

to protec t them from these ani mals .

n B . . G M t sr cc u ian /m i n i m . a s i i J g C C larke arden j ungle .

CA P R IF O L IA CEZ E .

n u R i n w t A a t t ﬂo w V i bu r n u m s a mbu ci m e d . l rge bush wi h wh i e d R to n ea r B t ers and red rupes. are , Road K ranj i uki

Mandai .

R B IA na s U c .

’ “ l z A A S ur cocep h a l u s J u ng/m u z i Miq. Chermin y er . mediu m sized tree wi th bal ls of smal l yel lowish whi te ﬂowers and f hard brown compact heads of frui ts . The ti mber is p \V ds Si la t s t . o o fair qual i y and u ed for pos s , Tangl in , g p, l a r e i t . Chan gi , S

u bdi tus Mi . . S . s q Rarer , K ranj i

M i a v B t / a H . R . S . a i m g uki Ti mah oad

. A t S s . p big ree . Chan Chu Kang

n . ta t t A di na r u bescens H em s t . Bera mbo g A l l ree wi h good t b th e t s y e llo w i mber , remarka le for curious na ural hole

h . B t or depressions in t e t runk Com mon Tanglin , uki

Timah .

n - t U w r i a . A kar K ai t Kai . There are a n u mber of kinds of a l l c t c wild gambiers , are li mbers , and of en l i mb very high th e - th by aid of shor t hook sh aped branches , whence e

t t . S tt t na i ve name ( Kai , a hook ) ome a ain a grea size , as ’ t c t ca n hi k as a man s leg , and hese be safely depended on

THE L R S 9 2 F O A O F I N GA POR E .

“ D n tel l a r t B n ra . A t t e ep ens Fors . u ga K a n g li le creepin g

t t . a t weed wi h whi e ﬂowers Common i n w s e ground , G tc n e . Tangli , alang ,

o l A r s t nmm a r r u m B . . a t sl mm H an d A e o l i A e o e a . g p if enn ook ,

s n s B . . t L i u l o u m . C p C , col lec ed by obb and labe l led r o mm t . A ste a S ingapore , were doub less mislabe l led The g s

are al l hi l l plan ts .

' H ed o l i s a z f l a ta W A c t w t y c p e l all . li mbing plan i h greenish t t B t m heads of ﬂowers . Com mon i n hicke s , uki Ti ah ,

Ch u B t d n . Chan K ang , uki Man ai , Chua Ch u K a g

r es ti ta B B A r . Tokong u l u . rough branching herb W n B t o c . t t w i h wh rls of l ila ﬂo w ers as e grou d , uki Pan

jang , Changi .

’ ’ H mm c u a r z a L S a t th e t b ut l ess . l . omewh resembl in g las , hairy ,

t t . n and wi h whi e ﬂowers Common , Ta gl in , Chan Ch u

Kang , Toas .

’ W t m a . S t n a H . p i fo l z a l l A common weed in sandy po s wi h rrow

t . l i n ear leaves and whi e ﬂowers Changi , Tel uk K u rau ,

v ar . co es i tosa . A t t th e p m uch more uf ed form , grows in c same p la es .

“ t R L . A t I] co n esta B r . t . g u mpu idah Jin s iff erec coarse w t t a herb i h whi e ﬂowers , com mon in woods , T nglin ,

B t B t . uki Timah , Jurong , lakan g Ma i

m os L A tt a O l den l a ndi a co ry b a . common l i le nnual weed in v w t t r . V aste ground w i h whi e ﬂowe s ery ariable , th e / i i t a s z n o l a . v arie y f is as com mon as any form Tan gl in , e tc Changi , .

L t . 0 . di am . a y Common in sandy spo s Tanglin , Ch ngi ,

Jurong .

H e n ci Br . t . 0 . y Tanglin in grass plo s

0 . tri ner i i a t S G Re z andy places , a lan g , Tanglin .

? 0 . (l i e/10 1mm t t k Re z Flowers viol e . Tel u K urau . THE L R S R F O A OF I NGA PO E . 9 3

' ‘ lz a H r n t ki orr z a r i sz a a H . t Op z eyne var . A smal l herb w i h wh i e t h c ﬂowers. I differs from t e type in being very m u h t t more pubescen , and having pubescen capsu les , and

t t D . is perhaps a dis inc species . amp rocks in j ungles B t B t Common , Chan Ch u Kang , uki Timah , uki Man P dai , Ch ua Ch u K ang , ulau Ubin , Jurong.

B . M ussa en da gl a bra V ah l . alik A dap A com mon and con s i u w t p cuo s shrub i h orange or ye l low ﬂowers , a nd one lobe of t h e calyx developed in to a large wh i te leaf - like V h h m . In t e t t e l i b . ery variable ypical for m leaves are nar row lanceola te and glabrous in another they are ova te

t . th e s etu l osa and pubescen I n var . broad and rou nded th t th e and t t w i bris les on midrib above pubescen benea h .

Common al l over S ingapore .

’ ’ - M r a ri a bz l as H . A a t t t . emsl half sc nden shrub w i h large s ar like

a t t t t . th e ﬂowers , ﬁrs scarle , hen orange Com mon in

S . elita r . peninsu la , rare in ingapore S

L u i n ea mori n da De . L wet . B t a c C ocal in deep j ungle uki M ndai ,

Chan Chu Kang .

’ A den osa e on o z a W A t 3 t t cm l n l al l . slender shrub abou fee al l D wi t m t t t . h s al l ﬂowers , and ransl ucen w hi e berries amp B t roc ky ravines . uki Timah .

h 1 um S a t t m L r 0p / l l lender shrubs , r rely smal l rees , wi h very s al l whi te ﬂowers i n axi l lary clusters and yel lo w or ora nge

berries . B t U Gri th i a n u m W t . . ﬁ Com mon in woods , Changi , uki Ti mah , B t M B uki andai , Sungei u luh , V B t Bl . U. gl a br u m ery common , uki Ti mah , Chan Chu Kang ,

Garden j ungle , ’ G B W . a t a . str e to o dz u m U p p al l Common , rden j ungle , uki M ndai ,

P u lau Ubin .

1 l i a U h i rsu tu m W t . Se t r . . Common , K ranj , Toas ,

“ ‘ S L an U. t tl l osu m W al l . ingapore obb , probably error for

Penang . . THE L R R 9 4 F O A O F SI N GA P O E .

“ n h us er ubescen s A e a n a t A . A L c Jack . char char scramblin g

epiphyte i n swampy j ungle . F lowers smal l wh i te wi th

t . n Selita r pu rpl e brac s in heads Chua Ch u K ang , Juro g , .

’ “ ' Bl ra n . J S t Il eber a ﬁ ag s Jaru m aru m . hrub wi h greenish

t t r . B t whi e swee ﬂowe s K ranji , uki Timah , Tangl in , Bu

kit Panjang . ’ W S t G M mo l l i s . B t e W . al l mal l ree , arden jungle , uki andai , S l ar it . h H . A r ub ra n di o l i a . s t t W . g f ook f wi h greenish whi e ﬂowers . B t M t Sel i ta r B t . Chan gi , uki andai , Nor h , uki Ti mah

V S S t t . Ta m en i s B . I . p . hrub wi h wh i e ﬂowers p Sungei rih

s . IV . p Chan Chu Kang ‘ i Ga r rl cn i opsz s l o ngifo l i a M q. This cu rious shrub grows in woods t The ﬂowers are seldom produced , hey are fairly large t Mi l ’ and w hi te t in ted wi h rose . que s desc rip tion of t h e t t in t ﬁ ts th plan , as ob ained by hi m Su ma ra , e peninsu lar

B t . species very wel l . uki Ti mah

s i u l a ta 0 . A t m n th e R a n di a fa c c De horny sh rub , com on ear sea , P P Ba l esti er Changi , asir anjang , plain , T e l uk K urau .

A t t l ongiﬂor a La m . s rong spiny cli mber wi h large whi te

No t . G n B t . ﬂowers . com mon arden ju gle , uki Ti mah

) W a n u l osa Ca mbi u m a n u l osu m . A t S L . g , g al l s rong piny cli mber

t h e t b ut t c . like las , w i h mu h smal ler ﬂowers in dense heads It is i ndeed referred t o t hat species as a variety in th e

B t b ut to tt t . F lora of ri ish India , seems me u erly differen

R G n . are , arden ju gle

Mer umb o n t . A t densiﬂor a Ben th . g jan an fairly big ree

t t . wi th a good imber , ﬂowers smal l whi e , berries orange

S t el i ta r . Com mon on some po s , Changi , S A t t a ni sophyl l a Jack . Simpoh . mediu m sized ree wi h t l n t smal l whi e ﬂowers , and ob o g green fru i s , woody , con ﬂ a t t t taining many seeds in a swee black pu l p , ea en by h b ut to t e . monkeys , said be poisonous by Malays Com

S . mon in woods , and secondary j ungle al l over ingapore THE L S F OR A OF I N GA POR E . 9 5

" lu a B r . D m ro l t . t R . a c p / l elima h u an A smal l shrub wi h t t t - 4 i c t large whi e rumpe shaped ﬂowers nches a ross , whi e t w i t h da rk purple S po ts in th e mou th . A mos t beau i

t. G B t fu l plan Com mon , arden jungle , Changi , uki Ti

etc. mah ,

’ ' n b a W A sh rub a t t Ga rden i a t zfer al l . or l rge ree wi th large swee scen ted ﬂowers O pening nearly wh i te and becoming orange D . n o t very quick ly ense w oods and ri ver banks , very G c . th e R . om mon here arden j ungle , Changi , eser voir

r i i t/m H . fi l . A t t t t c G . G fi ook slender s raigh ree , wi h m u h larger t th e t Lo ca l flowers han las and very large globose frui t . ,

m t c . B t eli tar S B da p hi k woods uki Timah , S , ungei u l uh ,

B uki t Mandai .

‘“ “ . s eci osa Ho o kﬁ S L n o t G p ingapore , obb , I have seen . This ﬁne gardenia has only b een col lec ted by Lobb and never m t et wi h again .

tu n a ven u l osa H S l t s P e g ook mal ree , pos ibly a dis tinct G species . arden j ungle .

' l t h i n z l lz i le a . A S cyplz p i o m ydr ol y l a ce Gaer n C gu m. very com t t mon sea shore shrub , wi h smal l whi e ﬂowers . The s eeds may of ten be seen t hrow n u p on th e sea shore in t t t A th e c t t grea quan i ies . long oas wi h mangroves.

Ja e/via o r n a ta W . A t t t 20 t t al l al l slender ree abou fee al l , wi th t and drooping panicles of ros y whi e ﬂowers , red frui ts , a t very be u ifu l . Com mon i n open swamps and wet bor D t T . B S eli ders of woods al vey road , uki imah , Changi , tar .

r A o r - Gu etta da sp eci osa L. com mon smal l mediu m sea coast

t t S el i ta r . ree , ﬂowers whi e , Changi ,

' s on z u s J a mbo sel l a Th w . A t 1 2 to 20 very common ree feet tal l ,

t . S w i h smal l yel low ﬂow ers econdary j ung le every where .

’ “ ' ‘ ' ' l 11 - l n T. Ii m Iu a Iu a . u plm De C . g g Paya Common in 880 611

i . dary j ungle , whole sland

' ~ W . A . l z n l ct so n a n u s t Ti T y i al l sea shore plan , ﬂo wers whi te . n i dal ri vers , Serangoo , Chang . THE L 9 6 F OR A O F SINGA PO RE .

a mbi u m di d u m K t C . a n /m Roxb Mata eli jan an . Tidal rivers d h e t t . elita r o her pl aces near sea Common , Kranji , S , P ulau

Tekong .

C. l a bru m B l . A t t ree 20 t t g al l , fee high , wi h smal l greenish whi te ﬂowers and large grey - green pl u m - shaped frui ts

- t t wo 3 t W . . G a a con aining sided s ones oods , rden ro d , Toas

C. co n er tu m t . G li tar f K or h arden j ungle Se , Pulau

Tekong .

i t G . 0 . s t t p. adi ng The whi e wood , sugges ing i vory , gives i ts n a t 1 v e th e kmd name , leaves are used for making a of N tea . o t R S elita r rare , Tanglin , Thomson oad , , Jurong ( 65 0 6)

n t A Itorr i d m . B . t C. Kor h u langan Tikus smal l horny shrub ,

- w i th smal l green ﬂowers and pl um l ike yel lo w frui ts . h c t e t . Common espe ial ly near coas in dry spots Tyersal l , t B t etc Tanjong K a ong , uki Timah , Changi , .

“ ” - a n dens Bl A B l it . t t A 0 . sc . kar K uku aning , or oise claws . t t t a n d horny cli mber wi h pubescen leaves , green ﬂowers t W . Ga . black frui s Thick oods , rden jungle A t 4 t l x o r a p endu l a Ja ck . pre ty shrub abou t feet tal l wi h c lus ters of slender ﬂowers whi te wi th a pink tube 0 11 long

t . hanging peduncles . F ru i t smal l elli p ic dark pu rple

t . Ga Common in hick woods rden jungle , Changi , Chan B t . Chu Kang , uki Ti mah

W . B . o aca B r . t I. p oods Changi , uki Ti mah l h u l en s R o . B P i t. t e o t I. f g xb unga echah Priok , broken p , th e red spreading corol la lobes supposed to resemble a t n e th e t a t broken earthen ware po . O of showies n i ve

‘ t th e s len did o ra n e t plan s , p g red r usses of ﬂowers being

t . B t mos conspicuous Com mon in woods , Tanglin , uki

etc . Ti mah , Changi , P ulau Tekong ,

A t a n d s ta . t I. conge Roxb si mi lar plan w i h broader leaves

t . a P u shor er ﬂowers Common , Changi , Chan Chu K ng ,

G . lau Ubin , arden j ungle R TH E FL O R A o r S I NG A PO E . 9 7

ﬂ o w t s w. n n n a Br . A s m a l l t e I. co ci shrub or ree , red or ye l lo

R t a . a her rare , Chan Ch u K ng , Chua Chu Kang

V R Je r 0 m . A t t . [ r i/1 ah l ree wi h smal l yel low ﬂowers are ,

Chan Chu K ang .

W t m nam a . S o n o t I. cu al l hrub wi h orange red ﬂ wers com on , erembun n S , Chua Ch u Ka g .

’ d - a i n z a L. A t P rtvetl c Jaru m Jarum . large bush wi h greeni s h

t i B t a a . whi e ﬂowers , Kranj , uki Ti mah , Ch n Ch u K ng l ’ l n da r i z n L . t o r i ci t / o l Mengkudu . A smal l rarel y large ree t t r t t wi h whi e ﬂowe s , and large pul py semi ransparen t h t head s o f frui ts . The bark of e roo is used for dyeing

a nd t t s i n t c . t anning ne s , al o na i ve medi ine The fru i is t a n d . I u used as soap ea ten is very doub tf l ly wi ld , t t hough i t is very commo n in was e ground .

" ‘ n t r R tz o a. IIuta n . A c z oxb . Mengkudu smal ler shrubby plan t w i th n a rrower leaves possibly th e wild form of h t w c . e preceding . Common e very here in se ondary j ungle

’

r z a M i n a n . p e s cwfo l i a H m . Singapore ( a g y ) ; o t seen

I u mbel l rt ta L . t t J , C l imbing or erec shrub , heads of frui smal l

V o un tr v th e s ea . orange . ery abundan t in open c near

P b . Chan gi , ulau U in

A t t sp . tal l c l i mber wi h slender s tems pubescen leaves and

G n n . smal l orange heads of frui ts . arde j u gle

“ S . A Da t A c t t c p Su long kar ra . s andent shrub wi h hi k t a t th e c lea ves pu bescen ba k , ﬂowers few in a head w t t l o n t t t hi e wi h a g ube and pubescen mou h , very fra B t . P Ub P gran orders of woods , Changi , u lau in , u lau

Tekong .

’ m t m r / t l w P ri s a o e i s a l n zﬂ ur n Th w. A pre tty shrub i th whi te

rs . O c th e c t ﬂo we pen pla es near oas s , also in swampy

w . B S el ita r th e B u w oods Changi , ajau , , near ngalo .

G no /et/ l y c wr es su bl nn ceo l nta Miq. A cl imber w i th whi te ﬂowers TH E F L O R A OF SI N G A PO R E .

- t th e and c urious lead grey frui s . Common near sea ,

d . rarer in lan , Changi , Tangl in

t z i A c a t . No o n cea M . G . b i q m u h larger bro der lea ved plan G n c . om mon , Changi , arden j u gle

A large group of sh rubs or c li mbers wi th whi te o r

n b a t . gree ﬂowers , and l ck orange or whi e be rries

B s c . Shrubs. errie orange or bla k ’ N t W . o B t sta u l a cea . P . p al l com mon , uki Timah

’ t G n . a n u l a ta . . P g Kor h Changi , arden j u gle

‘ '

r . l a H e z n na r G J Se i t r . P . el / K u z Common , arden j ungle , urong ,

Kra n t e tc . j ,

J c . t . B uki t Ti ma h B t P . Ja k Frui black uki

P . Mandai , ulau Ubin

‘ l B t ﬂ . P . / H . Ur aj/z t m ook uki Ti mah , u lau Ubin h \ ' V . W mo n ta n a . {a ba c l i a S c P . var r/ al l ingapore , al li h

( No t seen . )

s s w t e . C limber , berrie h i e or gr en

‘ “ A ka r Ch i n ta M . P o l crn a Ni . . p y p q u la Common in hedges ,

etc . Garden j ungle , Changi , K ranji , l B m B . S t s a r en tosa Com mon , woods , erangoon , Changi , uki M Sel ita r andai , .

’ ' l B l \V i ta r . ﬂ . o o ds e H . S . J i n a i P l a g y ook , , ajau

rl r \V R t B r n c l o a . c S P . mo i c B / al l a her om mon , ungei ul uh , ukit

M . andai , Chan Ch u K ang

' u t l G a rrn au W . m al l Co mon , woods , rden j ungle , Juron g , B t uki Ti mah .

n r R s t t e . s p . wi h grey gree frui s and la ge l aves e ervoi r wood s .

. e s c t K i A n p l a ve lan eola e , ﬂowers green , ranj , g Mo K i o . ’ ’ ” l t r / m Th w P l i ri n n z sa l n cu r o . A C y echah g putih . very

common and variable smal l S hrub or h erb , ﬂow er s whi te

E R N 1 0 0 TH F L O A OF SI G A POR E .

t r t m t . an s , ﬂowers smal l whi e , f ui s orange juicy Co mon

Se lita r S etc . Tanglin , , ungei Morai ,

’ ’ ﬂ i r m z n M h t u eco rh a ech a l a . t e s b t g Jack uch resembles la , is R c t . B t J . overed wi h spines arer , uki Timah , u rong

' P rl r o e er z rt o ti l a L A Sek un t u t. A f e . kar slend er cl i mber w t c t t w l i h pani les of v iole and wh i e ﬂowers . The ho e

t u t . No t m plan has an npleasan odor com on , Ch an Ch u

B t . K ang , uki Timah

P . to men to s Bl l B t n o F . . . t . a . S ingapore ( ri Ind ) seen

’ '

S er ma co e ln s z l a A t s . p c /n L. common weed wi h pink ﬂower l Pa t t n a S e i ta r etc . hs and was e ground , Ta gl in , Ch ngi , ,

b ’ S . s er ca r z ma Bl A s t . . rough crambling herb , ﬂowers whi e W t Ch a sse1 i a u t t as e ground , es a e .

S . ne mo ni es B A t t t . g/ urm . pros ra e herb , ﬂowers whi e Road

P Pa n G . sides , Choa Chu K ang , assir jang , ardens

T C O MPO S I E .

This large order is represen ted here by four or fi ve nati ve pl an ts t b ut n o w t and a n u mber of weeds in roduced , es abli sh ed 1n waste grou nd and su c h places .

' I er n o n i a a r bo “ A t t r ea H a m Mera mbo n . . g large ree w i h w i t c . t o lavender olored ﬂowers There are forms of , one a tal l straigh t tree 50 fee t hi gh wi th perfect ly glabrous n R et c o n e t t a n d lea ves , C lu y oad , , and more s un ed a t c t gn rled wi h pu bes en leaves , Changi , Chan Chu K ang , J urong , Chua Chu K ang .

V . ci n r t ﬂ r m L s . A o tt es c m mon l i l e weed wi h p u rple owers ,

g rows every where .

' lz z n n i L a A c e s s . R G . uku jah larger rough herb , ﬂowers h purple . Com mon i n vi l lages , C an Ch u K an g , Tangl in , B t M uki andai .

' ' ' d s “ l . s ca n en De . 1 A t c t C ombak cli mber in hi ke s , B t Seli ta r ﬂowers y el low . Tanglin , uki Ti mah , , Chan gi . THE L R S N R F O A OF I GA PO E . l o l

E e h a n to u s s a ber L. u t l p p c T up bu m i . A very com mon weed W ﬂo wers pink . hole island .

A rl n femma r i s os u m t . A c t w e os c Fors oarse herb wi h whi te ﬂo ers , w t u P as e ground near ho ses , Chan Ch u Kang , u lau Ubin , B t Pa uki njang .

n z rl L A n t b z l gera tum co y o i es . exceedingly common weed wi h lue t w or whi e ﬂo ers , every where .

“ s W A k Ch o m a A t Al i /ca n o s a n den . ur t c i l ld ar . cli mber wi h h ts n c J hanging heads of ﬂowers . T i cke , o t om mon , urong ,

W oodsvil le .

’ r us VV i l ld S n t s E ri /ero n l i n ifo l i u mbo g Jan an . A large coar e W t d l i r Se ta etc . weed . as e groun , Tanglin , ,

n c t t w B l n mea l a cera De C . A ere herb w i h yel low ﬂo ers . Common

S li ta r etc . t . e was e ground and g rassy places Tanglin , ,

br a a D B i n m a n e e . A R d l . e c C lexandra oa . ' D . A t ba l sa m er a e S u mb o n . B l . qf C . Ngai Camphor g al l herb

t 8 t t . abou fee high or less , wi h yel low ﬂowers The w hole t h a s t i n c plan a s rong camphor smel l , and is used medi ine V th e t . O by na i ves ery common in pen ground , Tanglin ,

B etc . edoh ,

l P B t A - P l u clz ea i nr i ca Less oko el un as . sea shore Shrub wi th

. V th e c t lilac ﬂowers ery com mon on sea oas , Changi ,

G etc . th alang , rarer inland , Tangl in , near e riﬂe range ,

’ L A s m n tb u s a r z ca n u s . t t l Sp/i o e f herb wi h head of whi e f o wers .

Di t . ches , Galang

' ' D t r n a x i a r i s R x . a n d G C rs l ia l l o b i ches , Tangl in alang . ’ li < i n t E i fa a l a H . w c p as k Com mon weed was e grou nd , ﬂo ers w t hi e .

‘ ’ L A ( en fip etl a o r bi c n l rtrz s ou r . very smal l prostrate weed wi th P h B t . t t e t minu e purple ﬂo wers a hs in o an ic gardens .

’ ’ “ D S L t Sea - a / e . l l edel z l uffo m C erenai au . shore herb wi th

. G n yel low ﬂowers Com mon , alang , K ranji , Cha gi . ‘

1 0 2 Tn n F L O R A o r SI N GA PO R E .

“ ’ rm f/z es a mel a L . . t t t a Spi l c l K rabo The oo hache plan , com mon weed w i th c onic a l heads of yel low ﬂowers v ery h n t u t . S t e t . O p ngen old i n na i ve herb shops pen cou ry , M n S n A . u gei orai , g Mo K io

rl n t we t w S . S i/ n e r el l a odiﬂ o r a Gaer tn . i ff ed w i h yel lo ﬂowers

V ery c ommon e very where .

t t d a d g r o cu mben s L . Tr i a : p Sandy places , Tanjong Ka ong , Ca he r l

l lo se n . , Cha gi , Tel uk K urau

' t t t c A r l emi si u r u lga r z s L. Of en cu l i va ed for medi ine in Chinese a v il l ges .

' “ A ubi ak . G z/ n u ra s a r men tosa De C . kar S C li mbing herb t an d w i h glaucous green leaves , yel lo w ﬂowers in a pu r t B t ple i n vol u c re . S wampy spo s i n dense j ungle , uk i

B t a n . Mandai , uki Ti mah , T gl in

’

D 0 . G . scu rl och z n a e . A n Ta n p coarse com mon weed , Ta gl in , t l i a r t Se t e c. jong K a ong , ,

’

E mi i a. so n /z o l z rt De t l a i f C . Ka u mbi jan tan . Com mon herb t t t wi h brigh pink ﬂ owers , was e ground .

’ '

n l t t . ( Co s mos In p z n a u s . Of en cul ti va ed a s a vege table )

’ D t t w A ca n l h o werm um x a n tlz i o z des e C . Pros ra e herb wi th h i te - t No t o Pa s ir Pa n ﬂowers and burr l ike frui . comm n . ,

jang , A ng Mo K io , Tan gl in .

G O O D N I JE E O V E .

- V - A . S emi O l a ah l . mbong ambong A com mon

- s ea h . t A l l shore s r ub Fl owers and frui t whi e . round

th e c a t . n Sel i ta r P B o s s Cha gi , , u lau Ubin , lakang Mati .

CA M P A NUL A CE JE .

a t be nii o l i rt L P r m a if indl . S mal l creeping herb wi th bl ue and W t . et S t t B t whi e ﬂowers po s by s reams , uki Timah ,

Choa Ch u K an g . THE L R S R 1 F O A OF I NG APO E . 0 3

' ' n a / u m a tn B P en ta p/rr agma bego z j b z Balong Ay atu . ( Rock ’ r t h c Coc k s comb) , a ve y curious herb wi s orpioid spikes of t t B a c reamy yel low ﬂowers wi h purp l e spo s inside . nks B t m S M in woods , common , uki Ti ah , ungei orai , Changi ,

Ch ua Ch u K ang .

c c i s u c nm .

’ “f Ka l um ada n A n . V a cci n z n tn ma l rtcc e s e t p g . large bu sh w i th pink or whi te fragran t ﬂowers and e a table blac k

a t t . frui ts . Sandy places Changi , abundan

ba n ca n um Mi . E t t t . A t V . q pi phy ic or erres rial bush or smal l ree , t t t leaves of en red s iff , ﬂowers waxy pink red or w hi e . Sea t S M 0 11 t coas , Toas , Changi , ungei orai , high rees , B uki t

‘ B n mu m i t . u t M a u mi a ti ssz M . V . c j Rare , ki andai

E ni c x o s m .

' ni zn i I ' n z v R h odo den dro n l rt o n u M : t. rt t a m c n a r ftu bi o r n / n p g q j ﬂ .

B t . t 9 81 0 . A t t c S 0 1 1 th o . Mag beau ifu l epiphy i hrub e B . t a o t t . t m of lof y rees uk i Timah , very r re Flowers

brigh t red .

PA ID Z E E UR E .

L eu copogo n ma l aya n n g Ja ck . Shrub wi th smal l whi te ﬂ o w ers

t . Sea a . and red frui shore , Ch ngi

AS PL UM B A G INE .

’ . W I l n mba o fe /a n i on L. t s g y Cheraka as e ground near vi l lage ,

e tc . Galang ,

s M r ns rn nﬂ .

’ ’ Ut -ri z n dz L A a t e t es ca . l rge shru b or smal l re wi h very smal l t s B t m whi e ﬂo wers . Com mon in wood , uki Ti ah , Reser

etc . voir woods ,

1 t A h r r nen tu D . t 1 1 . t cert e C alf climbing shrub wi h narro wer ' ‘

b u t t w th e a t . . l h e leaves , o her ise m uch l ike l s branches 1 0 4 THE FL O R A O F SI NG A PO R E .

t h ea r - ts of en moss like masses of aborti ve branch le , whi c h m are u ch more elegan t than th e v ery insigni fi can t ﬂo wers . O n e of th e commones t shrubs in jungles and secondary t fores , e very where .

' ' f W r ei i e ca z el l a tn . A t t t l p al l smal l ree , wi h smal l wh i e ﬂo wers s B t . Sea t n o t c . and frui coas s , ommon , Changi , ajau

E nd/ ( Zi a f i bre B V t urm . ery com mon in woods and hick e ts , B t t Tangl in , uki Timah , e c .

' V a r a i i i i i i o /i ct . A t t . y c qf d is inc looking plan t wi th much more

c a . R i oriaceous le ves arer , Chang , Reser voir woods ,

B uk i t Ti mah .

’

a ea A . De r l ita r B a . J. co a c . e t C Thick j ungles , S , uki Mand i

E L i n/ a i n t S c . H n o t B t . p heff edges , com mon , Changi , uki Ti mah

E a m n ta a H B t B t e ce C larke . edges , uki Timah Road , uk i Man

dai ,

’ * \V C . t m t i t . z rl r . a t 2 31 . n o e E . l u c t al l 5 Singapore I have t wi h

. A tt t L n Li s i a /w i n u Lind l A kar Fatimah . li le shrub wi h s c t t mal l pink ﬂowers , and s arle frui , leaves of young c t t p lan ts renu la e deep green edged wi h pink , when

older lan ceola te wi th lon g petioles ( var . l a n ceo l a ta ) or '

th th o t/z a . e pe tiole w inged e w hole leng th , ( p o z n proper )

Com mon in dense woods .

A mara . S t t s l l o wers hrubs , rarely smal l rees , wi h or ro e pink ,

O t r . f en showy , and red or black be ries

A R h n r a a . . c ss Clarke are , C a Chu K ang

V i a r Buki Tim a h A l a n o l n ta R . Sel t t ce oxb . ery handsome shrub ,

E u A . ta R . S . co l ora oxb F lowers very mal l , pale pink Common ,

ki t G R . Ti mah , arden j ung le , Changi oad

A a er u l nl a W . B i t eli tar S c al l Com mon , uk Timah , S , ungei hi o ra h THE L R S G R F O A O F I N A PO E . 10 5

A r ena l a x . t c P . Ro b Ma a elandok Com mon , A lexander Road, et Changi c .

l ' R b R A . vi l osa ox . are , d ense woods , Pu lau Ubin .

l l n fo lz / t r L b/ A . O o l l r a o m . S L l pj/ ingapore , obb ; pro bab y an error

of lo cali ty .

A . s . n B b o tm ai ca . A n p ear Clarke Rare , g Mo K io

n i l l o w . A s . r U . . p ear Rare , P ulau bin Changi

. V n h A lm mi l i s . O e t e t . ah l of larges species , ﬂow ers rose pink ,

c . a d ts . m n berries bl a k Tid l m ud , and am p S po Co mo , G H R n t etc . alang, ol land oad , Ta jong K a ong , Changi ,

' ’ P i me/a n dra W a l l z clm De A t W t C . smal l ree , ﬂowers pinkish h i e , s t t t a berrie whi e wi h black spo s . Com mon , T ngl in , Chan

i S . g , embawang

' A er cera s mr u s G t M a i . a / y aer n angro ves local , To s , Sungei Mor i ,

P ulau Ubin .

’ ‘

SA P O IA CE JE .

A t tt a o r grou p of rees , of which many produce gu a perch l v a o ut h o uc . a re c r b ut t There a onsiderable n u mber he e , hey d fc t to t c t t t n o t are if i u l col lec on ac oun of heir grea size , and are to t easy iden ify .

s b D lm o h l y u / o n . t t t a C y p yl u m R a rn m G . A al l ree wi h small d rk t 5 - a green leaves and yel low ﬂowers , frui globose ngled a n t an d t b u t yel low i inch lon g , swee ea able fu l l of r ub B . No t t . ber rare , Tanglin , uki Timah

n r n u m H S t . S i rl ezp ﬁ gl o fer u gi e ook . mal l ree or shrub Common

th e t S r a D ma . along coas , e angoon , K ranji , Changi , Pu l u a r

' ' G M n a l Bi t . a z z . S . g y C arke g ree arden j ungle .

V r t . Jll l a n e . Ga S . a ce s c Clarke ery la ge ree Tanglin , rden j ungle ,

Selitar .

’ ’ D o s s n Mi V t t r z n t . Ga z cla p ba ca a q. as ree . ﬂowers and frui green

den jungle . THE L R S R E F O A OF I N G A PO .

' A bi t c D.o bo va ta C larke . g ree prod u ing a gu tta inferior on l y

D u tta . n to t t . G . ha of Tanglin , Cha gi

) t h t J G u ta B t . A t t e . en h large ree , easily known by beau ifu l

golden underside of th e lea ves . Though i t was formerly t S e a l l th e t very abundan in ingapore , n arly larger rees cu t th e tt w t ha ve been for gu a percha . Flowers smal l hi e , ‘ I) o bl o n i o l z a I t v ery rarely produ ced. . g f is hink S peciﬁcal ly t h u t . t t e t ndis inguishable , merely a varie y I is commones m n w D n t o S . t for i n ingapore ense ju g le , widely sca ered G d t S . B t el i ar o ver ingapore ar en jun gle , uki Timah , S ,

P u lau Damar .

D la k ' r bens C r e. Ra e . u . r , Changi , Chan Chu K ang

’ ’ m tl a D r b i t ta J L a o t e a n e V . A . l i r a z Jl e . g/ g ree S uron g , K ranj i , " B t n uki Ma dai .

B l B . B c u n ea ta . t . Rare , uki Tim ah B K n ” t . t B . i g S apf uki Ti mah . ' l l n z s P a ena El a l a n si s . G B . Jl a a e s cce cc ( y C larke) Com mon , arden B t S elita r j ungle , Changi , uki Timah , .

r s m P a em co l a ta . t . t / K ing Nia o Common , a ediu m sized ree . l ta r Ga Se . rden j ungle , i , Reservoir woods

“ G P B . P . r . t Cla ke e ah ercha urong Rare , S ungei Morai

“ B G B . P L ecm B t . t S . u t . en h e ah undik ki Ti mah , ajau

. R G o l . ll i m uso s ber a n dm R . t t J p ox b Nia o hi am are , Tanjong

' P t b E l en i L. a . u t g oko T njong Com monly plan ed , t doub ful ly wi ld . )

ERENA C EZ E .

”

Ra Ta m i ni s . / a b ur f a h a P . t . J a t / ers Smal l ree re , p d Di as a p s mi c ro li l l a Re d L t . / m p g/ ; arge ree , produces ebony

G R a B t . arden o d , uki Ti mah

1 0 8 1 uuc F Lo n A. o r a c a r o nE .

“ S . s . Do n o o n A t i n t r . mediu m sized ree , ﬂowers compac

cy mes . Rare , K ranji . i A Kemen a n . l a; B enz o i n B . G um S yra ryand benjamin . y t t t s t t al l ree wi h wee whi e ﬂowers , and hard grey round P h ﬂa ttened frui ts . rod uces t e gu m benjamin of com m t t a s i n th e erce , which is ob ained by cu t ing g she bar k ,

w th e t . 1 1] hen gu m , af er some weeks , ex udes Com mon G B t eli ta r j ungle , arden jun gle , uki Ti mah , S , Choa Chu

Ka ng . ' S W n No . ro to o z des . c S . c C larke ingapore ( al l i h also in ’ I i Ca n tle t . t y s col lec ion have never seen here .

O L EA C EAL

' m n L \V t W J a i um i i rr u m . M s z . / al l elor h u an i ld Jasmine , very t Ba l es tier com mon in open coun ry , and hedges , Tanglin ,

et . plain , Changi , c

“ J ri rb - G i i . . . jﬁ Clarke K uma K u ma hu tan A very hairy jas G Bid a i . a d r mine Rare , woods , arden j ungle , , C han Ch u

K ang .

' ' l t u t \V A t O ea m i z ma al l . large bush wi h smal l green ﬂowers and

. Sea t ts t black drupes coas s in d ry spo , Tanjong K a ong , P Cha ngi , u lau Ubin .

’ ’ L i n ocz era p a uczZ/i o ra var . p a l embum ca . A big tree w i th smal l wh i te

s B t Buki t Ti ma h . ﬂower . Com mon , uki Mandai , , Changi

A P O CY NA CEAL

' ’ / m Bl . i A l l i l t uy rbei u fi r a G e tah G rip or G egr p . l arge woody c l m h t n i ber wi th rough black ark , whi e ﬂowers and gree S t or orange oblong or globose frui ts . eeds deep viole It s a nd th e inside . abou nd in rubber , is best of al l t t ' h e s . t t local rubber vine The frui is ea able and s wee , b u m t . G B t ful l of rubber milk Co mon , arden j ungle , uki

etc . Ti mah , Changi ,

W “ l V . co ri a cea . G t U o l . A n e G tt c al l e ah j inf rior u a , whi h n o t se t i t is e a i n l tera tin does readi ly , us d for g and for “ HE O T FL O R A F SI NG APOR E . 1 0 9

m . n B B bird l i e Common , Ta glin , ajau , Changi , lakang B t u t . Ma i , ki Ti mah

f ens D . t t l a vesc y er F lowers shor yel lowish whi te , frui glo

t 2 to . G bose orange , con aining 7 seeds arden j ungle ,

Pu lau Ubin .

" l l l . nu o ru H . ﬁ te i ﬂ ook . Changi .

m w . l V S . a uescens t t . p near ﬂ , wi h very s al l ﬂo ers Corol la ube t a shor and g lobose , lobes long . Ch ngi Chan Ch u n K ang , Juro g .

r t 1 y ra n cli/Z o ra Dyer . Flowers la ger h a n any other species 5 h t IV r rm inch long I tak e this to be t e plan t in ended for . g di o r a bu t t t th e n o t t c /i , note ha leaves are hi kly coriaceous , th nor rounded a t th e tip as descri bed . The mou th of e cc

t R . rolla ube i s hairy . are . Reservoir woods

ﬁ l A . A G t u . L eu cono ti s Gr ifﬁ n/ m Hook . kar e ah S ndek ' b ut t t W i l l u lz é ez a n o t c t climber , less hick han g ( ere as

a B t . t st ted i n Fl . ri Flowers orange fr ui globu lar B w o ds J uro n . No t . o rather smal l rare orde rs of , g ,

B t Sel itar B t . uki Mandai , uki Ti mah

L M D Ma i n a n a / a . S o . . i m gi yer ingapore ( g y ) ; t seen here

M o l m . el d / ru o r n a i s B . i s i e t l C li ber , rare , Changi B Jl m r a n t/z a H ﬂl . . . i c ook . Ja lan ray

“ l d W . B r tr t A y ria l u ci a al l . Pulasari a k s ongly scen ed as of t Fr r n . e a ne w mow hay C li mber , ﬂowers whi g an t. B uki t i r K1 a n S un ei Mo rai . Mandai , Ju ong , j , g

- / r B t B uta . A t w Cer fera l a c ta i a Ha m . u a large ree i th whi te e ﬂowers and a pink eye and larg o void reddish frui ts . Th e wh i te mi lk wi th which th e tree abounds is poi s onous o i t t th e and said t cause blindness if fal ls i n o eye . V ery

t a nd w . B a l es tier com mon in idal ri vers s amps plain ,

eli ta r Ta m en is . S , p

Kr n l . l na a rtn . a C. O r o l l a G e j , Changi l l T HE L R S O F O A OF I N G APO RE .

' ' m i lz l H ﬁ l S t 1 t t 1 1 011sra a crol y l c ook . . hrub abou 5 fee al l ; ﬂowers t wh i e wi th pink ring in cen tre . Chan Chu Kang .

L t t r th e ( V i n ca r osea . has es abl ished i self i n many places nea ' ’ nd A l l a ma n da S /z o tt z P i n ea a c z . s , oh l has r un w ild a few

places. )

' - h o l i B r P . A t t A l sl o nz a sc a r s . ulai al l ree , ﬂowers g reen ,

i n st t . branches d i an whorls Common , Tanglin , Reser voir woods .

s a t/i n l a i d Bl . w R B t . A . p Jungle s amps , C l uny oad , uki Mandai

' ‘ “ ' B t u ustz b l i a W . B t D t . A . a g y al l u a u a ara Common woods ,

t S M . Buki Timah , Changi , Kranji , ungei orai

’

A r a n dz o l i a Mi uel . S A t . . g f q ingapore ( nderson ) ; doub fu l

fi l ‘‘ l Je t n . tr D er a [a d/fo ra H . . u o A t y ook j g big ee wi h grey t r m t P s r smoo h ba k , flowers s al l whi e . od ve y large and S t tt a n woody . eeds hin fla ened winged . Produces

i n f i t r r . er rubbe Common al l over Singapore Tanglin ,

etc . Changi ,

“ n ta na o r mbosa R . t A Ta ber na emo c j/ oxb Jel u ong Badak . smal l

t t t t . No t ree wi h wh i e flowers fragran very com mon , R C a n h u K . Changi , eser voi r woods , Choa g fl l T. [Li l i a H . . . ook Chan Chu Kang , Ju rong fi l T. M a l a ccen s i s H . . L L ook ada ada jan tan . A sh rub wi th smal l whi te flowe rs and o range pods con taining seve r al c r r . seeds wrapped in i mson a i ls . Com mon i n w oods G r e tc a den jungle , Changi , .

n r i a R . B s T oro a . ( . c oxb unga usu Is of ten cu l ti va ted a n d

half w i ld near vil l a ges . )

P a rso nsi a s i r a l i s t\ . i t s p al l C li mber w h greeni h yel low ﬂowers .

. No t Ta m en i el i ta r Mangrove swamps rare , Changi , p s , S , S r Toas , unge Morai .

' s Jl a n cu i H ti l A V a l l tm i g / ook . . la rge tree wi th deep g reen a le ves and large whi te ﬂo wers . Pods lon g and slend er THE L R S R F O A OF IN G APO E . l l l

ta - No t c con ining many l ong pl u med seeds . ommon ,

Garden j un gle .

n ( l lz o m De B lz t/z u s i c l o u s . A S trop a C unga Han tu . big shrub w t t t t - c t i h l arge whi e ﬂowers , wi h long c lare olored ai ls

“ th e t to . O u t A x . pe als pen co n ry , Changi , le andra road

’ rl i W b d br evz ca u a u s t. S t S . mal ler shru wi h smal l eep purple H a r . B l estie . ﬂ owers Tangl in , ol land road , plain

’

n s H . ﬁ l rn a eo l a a l a cce sz . G t te ba A c Urc M ook e ah grip g . l im m P ber ﬂowers very s al l w hi te . r o du ces a fairly good b rf t B r ub e . Thicke s , Tyersal l , Changi , edoh

ﬁ l . a n 1 n i H R re Kra . U. Jfa z a . g g/ ook , j _

l l a H ﬁ l B t M B u U br a a se a . c . k t . y p ook uki andai , i Ti mah

J n l H . c T U. tor u osa . f a m en i s ook u gles , ommon , p , Changi ,

Chan Ch u K ang .

i n P l uc rl a B t . . U. en h Cha gi , u lau Ubin

’ t P a r a mer z a o l /t eu ra B nt . p y e h C li mber w i h pink ﬂowers , Garden

n . ju gl e , C l uny Road

' “ S L n B t . o t P l a n du l z era . . g f en h ingapore obb seen

t . S a . t . s ma r a a Do n . A r/ a n o m a gm ing pore , ( Fl Bri n o t seen

wil d.

A S CLE P IA DEJE .

/ “ h t r W n i oca u l o n l l a l li c m i . S p g ingapo e , al lich i n Fl . Bri t . ’ “ b u t W a l l ich s . 82 49 i n th e ta P Ind . ; No i s Ca logue enang et u t o P a S ingapore , do b less fr m en ng on ly , where i t is

common .

n “ r L r r i t/m Do . S Tor oca p u s G /ﬁ ingapo e , obb certainly an

error of lo cali ty .

( l ament/m s H . ﬂ l . V B t a ook ery rare , uki Tim h , t (Can ley) .

‘ Ca l o fr o z s Br E t a ‘ rocem . c ( p p scape from u l i v tion , Toas , Changi , P b u lau U in ) . TH E L R S A R 1 1 2 F O A O F I NG PO E .

A l e i a s c11 a ssa v1 ca L. t e i t a t eli a r ( sc p r has es ablish d sel f S t , etc. )

’ W d s nm u l b l l u m . G ( It aph i tm a p c e al l ar en road escape . ) W us l o bos us . ma w t S a rc o l o b g al l C li mber , ﬂowers s l l yel low i h

t . b n o t e Ba lestier brown s reaks Tidal ri ver anks , rar , A d P Se l i ta r pl ain , lexan ra road , K alan g uding , Changi ,

river .

ﬁ l . A S te /m uo ns Al a i nga i H . S t p y ook , plendid wh i e ﬂowered

' ' b t t h e t c l irn er t . , ﬂowers bi g ger han garden S ephano is H t V t t . ery rare , Changi ( u l le ) , once col lec ed W . S H T1 l o /1 0 1 a te11u 1s . / p al l lender cl imber , ﬂowers pink edges t r H A a r G . B lakang Ma i , een il l , lexandr oad

“ ” ﬁ l S W h . Ho o k . c B r t . l a l l i c/1 1 1 . T. l ingapore , al li in Fl i Ind , ’

81 9 4 B . W a l lich s t rs t but No . i n ca alogue label led Habi ign o t

n n lz u m o w l i o l m m . B H a Cy a t f var amboo edges , Cl uny ro d ,

l es ier B t ad. B a t plain , uki Ti mah Ro

' 1 l r A n m Di scln dm 1 u m111u a 1 1 a B . ex ceedingly co mon creeping t t m epiphy e draping orchard rees , and doin g uch damage .

St m r s r e s very slende , leaves smal l and ﬂe hy ﬂowe s whi te

. W B t . ( scarlet as in F l . ri Ind hole island .

. . m Selita r a Decne Flowers red Co mon in woods , , Ch n

a . Chu K ng , K ranj i R B l b da G t . . D . a i riff . Flowers creamy whi e are , ajau

berr /ra l ené i s Co l ebr . A l t s D. y on g creeping epi phy e , glaucou

t ea . t green of en n rly leaﬂess F lowers creamy whi e ,

h a . B Ba t e se S . woods near K ranji , ungei u loh , jau

a n \V . A t t D . R fﬂesi a a al l very curious plan wi h some leaves t t h t developed i n o pi c ers , green or of en yel lo w , inside m t a pu rple , ﬂowers yel low . Com on on rees especi l ly near B a t h a t . e sea . T nglin , lakang M i , Te l uk K urau

' W t a o l 1 r 1 s . A D. c l / al l slender creeper on rees , le ves rounded _ n ﬂa f w a r t t th e t . bu f yel lo , bove pu ple benea h , lyi g on rees T L R S R II E F O A O F I NGA PO E . ”3

w t A t t n t t Flowers hi e . n s of en make t heir es s be ween th e th e c t h e t leaves and bran hes of rees . Common ,

B t i . Tangl in , Chan Ch u K ang , uki Timah , Kranj

o i D um G . B t t . O n t t . o ec riff F lowers scarle lof y rees , uki Ti mah ,

e li ta r . V t c t th e a t S , Choa Chu Kang ery dis in from l s , M i n a t of whi c h a g y sugges ted i t was a varie y .

' D W W a . a l u . C t . 81 83 a n a F i s . . t I a r c l l . s pp e t y

Ho a l a n a Bl t No t B t cu os . . y F lowers whi e rare , Tangl in , el i ar ,

B uki t Mandai .

S \V a ll ich 81 60 B n o t t i e ingapore , ; iden if d .

- 1 1 l a ti o fi a Do n . A t . j very large leaved species , leaves of en du l l

. c t . red , ﬂowers smal l pink The om mones species Trees G d li a r . S e t in dense jungle ar en jungle , K ranji , , Pongol ,

P . Changi , ulau Tekong

th e ﬂ o rifero us . a r s t a W I] p a i i c al l . Com mon near sea , very , B t and pret ty , ﬂowers pink . lakan g Ma i , Changi , Chan

Ch u P h t . Kang , Toas , ulau Ja a

- t t ﬂ o wered S c . Bl . The larges pe ies Flowers s ar O w i t t t t t l ike and waxy pening h e , wi h a yel lo w in , hen

becoming S po tted wi th pink and ﬁnal ly al toge ther pink .

th e . S Com mon especial ly near sea erangoon , Changi ,

P e tc . K ranj i , u lau Tekong

l A tt S t di r ersifo l i a B . pre y pink ﬂowered pecies , of en co ver Ch u a t . . ing trees l ike a m Jurong , Chan Kang , K ranji

Seran goon .

' l t . R Ta m en is o a ea B . , II. c r i c Flo wers ye l lowish whi e are p ’ ( D .

e W t A t t wrth t ' o bt i o l i a . H . u f very s ou kind hick oblon g leaves t Flowers whi te wi th a pink cen re , large , rarely produced .

n . Serangoo , Changi

81 6 . L l n o t t i . II F i n l a so n n W . Ca t 6 , . y al l eaves on y iden if ed

r W t A S . S c t P lu/ sosfe/m t M i l l i e/1 1 1 . kar iak lender l i mber wi h t a ur l e t l a rge th in creamy whi te ﬂowers w i h p p cen re . E L H 4 TH F O R A O F S I NGA PO R E .

s Ta m en i R t t n ew . a s oo s cen ed l ike mown hay R re , p

ri ver , K ranji , Toas .

’ I “ ' d m a r eh u a “ t S L t a e c l m . p ingapore , obb y eviden ly a w rongly loc lised .

LO G A NIA CEJE .

a ra ea a r n osa E t B t P a F g c Jack piphy e , uki Ti mah . Rare . erh ps o t a new species , leaves large void , ﬂowers wi h a long t u be in fairs .

n ’a s n t F . a u r i cu l l . A u , s Jack _ large preadi g shr b wi h enormou

t t t - h a c a hick whi e r u m pet s ped ﬂowers . The psu le is very r S i tt w large g ey ish green conic . pl ing when ripe and sho i n t h c u g e minu te bla k seed in orange p l p. There are ’ t w o forms one has t h e ﬂo we rs a s l a rge as in Miquel a u h m c No t c ct t e t . c pi re , o her is u h smal ler om mon , ro ks P n th e . o verhangi g sea , ulau Ubin

to W N m ni n i o r a fa a . o t c o o . l l , K ra nj

F 1 ! f1 c111o sa J A t t t t c o . . ack big shrub or smal l ree wi h shor hi k R P racemes of pinkish whi te ﬂowers . are here . ulau

Ubin quarries .

’ ' 1 11 1 1 r1 1 11 1 1 l a Bl t c F . 1 1 1 S ﬁ . hrub wi h slender ra emes of pink ﬂowers .

No t. u c n . B t a S el i ta r n om mo uki Timah , Kr nji , , S ungei L oyan g .

i u s tr i n a B l . A t u F . l g ree , leaves deep green smal l ﬂowers sle c t t f c th e t t der reamy whi e w i h bu f oloring in hroa , t e Ta n i a R m e s . fr gran . ar , p

s A t r t F ra r a n . . c . f g/ Roxb Tembusu large ee wi h ream yel low W . i t s t nn b er . ﬂowers , and orange berries el l known for A . d t t Sandy places , Changi bun an , Tanglin and o her t pla ces near own .

s F eci o m BI. A c t t a . p very mu h larger ree , wi h fewer and l rger G ﬂowers . arden jungle , Tyersal l .

’ ‘ ma l ' l CCt Nﬂ i -S G A t arden . fairly large ree , ﬂowers whi t e G a rden j ungle , Changi .

1 1 6 THE L S R F O R A OF I NG A PO E .

CO N L EJE V O V ULA C .

E r ci be 111a l a en s N cc i s a . o t y C l rke common , Chan Ch u Kang .

“ n W E . P r i cei . A t a al l kar K ijang . Flowers wh i e , co rsely t c s scen ed , drupes bla k . Common , hedge , Tanglin ,

Jurong K ranji , C han Ch u K ang .

‘ E . G r i t/m No t co mm o n G a r n B . de ip C larke , j ungle , uki t Timah .

’ E o 1 1 a a \V c e . No t . . c al l common , Changi

- E . l eu cor l o i tl es . A d c t y K ing smal l leave l i mber , ﬂo wers whi e

t. t s wee Thicke s and woods . rarely ﬂowering , common , B t . Tanglin , Chan Ch u K ang , uki Timah , Chan gi

L l m a m n l ‘ el s o i to e o sa . A r . m t b ea d kar Te ong C li ber , wi h s of t wi ttr t t whi e ﬂowers pink plai s , brac s pink , and frui t k \V s . o o d pin , Chan Chu Kang , Ch ua Ch u Kang , Nor th

S e li ta r .

v N [ o mea di i ta te L. A . o t B t p g large pink con ol vu l us rare , uki R i L . Timah oad , oyang , Chang beach , Chan Chu Kan g

’ / w a n u s tz o i a c . S g f Ja q mal l cl i mber , ﬂo ers pale yel low or near

l t s . y wh i e eye maroon . Common in grass , or bushe

a Ch u . T ngl in , Changi , Chan Kang , K ranji

wi den / 11111 t P t t t t Ro h . ros ra e wi h slender s ems , ﬂowers smal l

S t a . whi te . Sandy po s , C h ngi

li ni u l i a B L i n s f l T wining and creeping grass , ﬂo wer pale yel h . C u . low Com mon , Tangl in , Chan Kang

w c h rys ei t l es Ker . F lo wers in heads smal l le mon yel lo W t G t H B t as e ground , Tangl in , overnmen il l , uki Timah R B oad , ajau .

1 11 111 11 11 Fo rsk . . . Sea Tapak kuda Flowers large pink shores ,

S . common , Changi , un gei Morai

’

k a e . n t . . e I. dc tz cu l a a Chois Flowers pin S shores , T l uk K urau

H s S Read. a l ma t Fo rsk . I. p a edge , Tangl in , oph ia THE L R S R F O A OF I NG APO E . 1 1 7

‘ W t 1 1 1 11 ! e i cu i a . t I 11 10 0 11 L. I. s p Koen hi e wi h a pink eye ; 1 and t caesi u m wi th smal l scarle t ﬂowers ; bu ta l a s L. th e s wee

t t l a u ati a Fo rsk . po a o , K ele i , ﬂowers pink ; and q c ” K a ngkong , a whi te ﬂowe red a qua tic ea ten as S pinach , r t t r r occu r as escapes f om cu l iva ion he e and the e .

- o r l u s l es L. A tt s a t t E r l u li le pro tr e plan , ﬂowers ligh t S a d t bl ue . n y spo s , Changi .

SO L ANA CEAEJ .

t t t th ese e xce t o l <1 11 u111 31 re n a ti ve I doub ha any of , p one S , t o Si n gapore .

S o l a n um 11 1511 u m L . Galang .

w S t t th e a u m S . S . to r r h rub wi h whi e ﬂowers , le ves smoked by k W t Malays l i e t obacco . as e ground , Tangl in .

4‘ ' B . . mel o n en a L . r t t S . g injal Cul iva ed

n A t t t t rs Sa r me tosu m Nees. prickly pros ra e plan wi h bl ue flowe B t n d t . G . a bla c k frui s , weed o anic ardens B A a cu l ea ti ssi mu m Jacq . Terong landa . prickly shrub s t wi th whi te ﬂower , and smoo h red orange frui ts . Sandy t places , Tanjong Ka ong , perhaps wild .

11 S W 11 1710 11 1 1 Lou r . ingapore ( al lich) more probably an error

It t . for Penang . is a hi l l plan

1 n L . C 111 1 11 1 11 11 111 r t e s . r . Caps z cu m ﬂ u esc , and more a e ly C 9 1 0 3811 111 t t d th e two r t W il ld . are much cu l i va e , and ﬁ s occasional ly

occur as escapes .

L Ka c h ubo rr . \V eed t Da tu ra ﬁ tstu osa . g in was e ground of te n

t . etc P plan ed for use i n medicine Tanglin , , u lau Ubin .

S CRO PHUL A R IN

S L . r our mal l weed , ﬂowe s pal e viole t al mos t th e t th e whi te m cen re of lip , where are 4 or 5 yel lo w W B t t . t . Spo s as e ground , o anic gardens 11 8 THE L A o r S F O R I N GAPOR E .

A den os ma o va l a m B t A n en h . aroma tic herb abo ut 2 fee t tal l wi th

x . S n o t a illary pale blue ﬂowers Road ides , rare , Tang

l in , Chan Ch u K ang .

“ - i ta ju m B t . n . A t A . a c p en h K uchi g K uching roma ic , ﬂowers

. Sa i n heads bl ue ndy ﬁelds , Tanglin , Chan Ch u Kang ,

Juron g , Serangoon .

B t . eu m Br . : A cmru l Singapore (Fl ri n o t seen .

n B A t Li INNOPIIi l a co fer ta Ben th . remi l i t le aroma ti c herb t w t t c . i h viole ﬂowers , used in na i ve medi ine Common a t B t B uk in d m p spo s , Tangl in , uki Timah , Reservoir , i t

Mandai . W H . ﬁ l . et t Se lita r B t L . ook spo s , , uki Ti mah ,

B uki t Mandai , Chan Ch u K ang , Jurong .

' “

Bk . A H erp es tes JIo 11 11 1 er a H . smal l glabr o us herb in w et ﬂ w t B t . t spo s , owers hi e or bl ue Com mon , uki Ti mah , B S u Ta m en i s et ochore , erangoon , Tel uk K rau , p , c .

\V a l li h n o t Ben th . Singapore ( c

seen .

' ' t c t Tu1 e11 1 a p o lygo n o i tl cs Ben th . Com mon l i t le reeping pl an i n W t . grass , u pper l ip of corol la red , lower wh i e hole island , C n etc . Tanglin , ha gi ,

' W' i n B 111 u 1 0 11 11 l a i a B t . t d B u t . T. c en h eed o anic gar ens ki Ti mah

‘ Kra t t . t V u u del l i a cr u s ta cea Ben h Nasi . Com mon li le weed

“ t v wi th violet ﬂowers . Paths and was e ground e er v

w here .

. r . sca br a Ben th . Flowers pink Tel uk K u au

L tt . G h i rs u ta Ben th . i le weed , hairy , ﬂowers pale li lac arden

weed .

' un u l a ta G \V et t t. G ped c riff . spo s , ﬂowers pale viol e overn

men t Hi l l .

r S . “ ef. t B o unaya pren g spo s , Chan Ch u Kang ,

A n g Mo K io . THE L R S R “ F O A OF I NGA PO E . ”9

t n S . B B . r e a s n t P p preng Chan Ch u Ka g , uki anjan g .

B 11 1 11 0 71 121 10. L . . . ink Chan Chu K ang

' ’ Té a a c . A m n l S cop a r z a du l cz L . Ma o co mo weed wi th sma l A e i t T . t a 1s “ whi te ﬂowers for fe ver made of . hole

island .

R t - k ut L S . A t t t S i ri ga l ea our . umpu Siku i u li le s iff ere c t a s t e herb in gr s , ﬂowers pink , or whi e her . Common .

C a . Tangl in , h n gi , Chan Chu Kang

' ' “ 1 V a h l L t E r e. 1 0 a . Ut1 1 cu l 1 r 1 a ﬁ 1: 3 u mu kor K u ching . A qua ti c t w s P s . t . tc wi h brigh yel lo ﬂowers ool , lakes , and di he G L R B t Common . arden ake , eser voir , uki Ti mah , Changi

Road .

- Br M t h G m t e t . U. errel e . uch smal ler han las arden lake ,

A n Mo . di tches Tan g lin , g Kio

bi rl a L A t t t ﬁ . smal l erec plan wi h yel low ﬂowers . Com mon drtch es an d wet B t in shal low sand . uki Ti mah , Chan

R B . Chu Kang , eservoir , edok

A t a ni s va r . 6 1 2 1111 1 . a t t U. /ﬁ 111 l l slender species wi h brigh blue In l t i B ﬂowers . shal ow di ches , Changi , Tampen s , edok ,

Choa Chu Kang .

u 11 s l l V U. e 1o a l t l . c a t . r ery slender , wi h very smal l wh i e ﬂo wers S t t M andy spo s o wards Tanah erah , Changi .

G ES NE RA C EJE .

ln A n t [ E sc ma n i /ru s Clarke . epiphy e forming large t t t u 0 11 th e c uf s wi h pend lous branches , leaves pink ba k .

Calyx lobes very n a rrow purple . Corol la green marked t n W n th e t . o t in mou h wi h brow ish red oods , rare , B t M Ch u - Seli ta uki andai , K ranji , Choa K ang , Teban , r .

/ E . L ab/1 1mm H . t ook C limbing epiphy e , ﬂowers crimson scarlet W O ’ i dS s showy . Com mon in damp , and mangrove s wamp , s a . K ranj i , Toa , Chan Ch u K ng TH E L l 2 O F OR A OF S IN GA PO R E .

E . r a t/{ca n s . m er a nd t Jack Creeping rocks rees , ﬂowers

n . L . B t Tim ah Ch o a n crimso ocal uki , Chu Ka g .

- B r . t n c Caly x shor cu p shaped gree , orol la cri m D B t n son . ense woods , uki Mandai , Kranji , Chan Chu Ka g .

' 1 a n A D1 1 11/ 1110 ca rp 1 s p l /p u s C larke . shrubby plan t w i th whi te a r t a el lo w t th e t r ely bl uish ﬂowers , wi h y spo in mou h . m B t a B t M Com on , woods , uk i Ti m h , uk i andai , Chan Ch u

Ka n a . g , Ch ngi

V a t wo t o ut w v D s . . p ery r re . plan s of ﬂower in a ooded ra ine

n ear B uki t Mandai .

' ° 1 r fa 11 dr a l1 1 co l o r c . A t t t y Ja k sh ru bby plan , ﬂowers whi e wi h t th e t L t brown or purpl e spo s in mou h . eaves some imes ” t 1 11 P m r . C. 1 11 1 1113 Bl . S a bled whi e ingapore , rince , in h B t . . t t e t . D . ri Ind is eviden ly same hing am p _F lor wet: y b t B t ravines in j ungle , usual ly ver a undan . uki

m B t a . Ti ah , uki Mandai , Cho C hu Kang

“ 1 70 51 1 131 S L C r l a n dr o nnm a cu mi n a l a 62 1 1 . ingapore obb , and y Ma i n a L t n d B . I . t Ben th . g y and obb , i n Flor . ri eviden ly errors of locali ty

BI I G O N A O E E .

11 1 1 Rlz e di i S S t t t a Dal i a/1 0 11 1 0 1 6 e eem . hrub or ree wi h long ubu l r whi te ﬂowers opening in th e earl y mornin g and closin g R A B a soon . Common . Tidal i vers , lexandra Road , l kang

t B P n P . Ma i , ajau , o ggol , ulau U bin

D “ m l e n z d s e . . a r os ermu c z l o o c a . S i r c p C Tree C h ch r Rare , t Buki Ti mah .

11 1 os ti cm Mi . t t . No t a S . / q Tree , ﬂowers whi e or viole r re , . p B a Buk t n t . Ta gl in , uki Ti m h , i Mandai

PE DA L INEE .

- - f 9 1 1 n di m D B . “ t 6 111 111 i eu e . 8 61 C Ti l seed . ijan eed i n was e

t . t t t h e ground . F lowers pink rarely whi e Cul i va ed for t e c . seed , which is crushed for oil . Tangl in , Tl l E F L O R A S N RE OF I GAPO .

A C A TH c m N A .

’

TI1 11 11 lm z 11 11 111 111 Bo . c t a e rg jer , li mber wi h yel low or or ng ﬂowers

i 1 t t t T n 1 11 11 3 . t wi h or wi hou bl ack eye , and . ﬂ g/ Roxb w i h t w whi e ﬂo ers , are com mon in hedges , bein g escapes from

c u l ti va tion .

’ m 1 i i l l1 i m m A D B . E er mm e G . t b ﬂ nders ense jungl e , uki Ti mah

’ ' r s D u n O ' l e B 73. s eh em . t 1 / Nee ense O uki Timah 9 Chan Chu K an J Ch ua Ch u K ang , urong .

’ e f n i a . h uk a l [fl ro ll i l t s l z cz o i C . H t 2 t /g p j Nees erb abou fe ,

c tc c . G a ﬂowers li la , di hes , om mon arden lake , T ngl in ,

B t . uki Timah road , Changi

' B I] ua dr i va l r z s . t n . . q Nees Changi , uki Ma d ai

/ E t e ns L . c s c Ru e Zi a r p e re or creeping in g ras , ﬂowers pale li la V t th e t t. er v c n wi h darker marks in hroa om mon , Ta g lin

B S el i tar etc . Changi , ajau , ,

“ - 1 a c tca tu s V . A 40 0 41 171 13 ebr ah l Jeruju . hol ly lea ved plan t

w t t . lo mmo n i n t i h whi e or bl ue ﬂo wers idal mud . P A K andang Kerbau , Tanjong agar , lexandra Road ,

e tc . Chan gi ,

T b / s “ l u i i . n o t c A . r o al l T wining , leaves pri kly ﬂowers whi te . No t c B Ch u om mon , ajau , K ranji , Chan K ang .

s a s l a s h : i n tr u sa Bl . St t 3 t t A / raggling plan fee al l or less ,

t . l l ed es t c t t ﬂowers pale v iole g and hi ke s . For Can t H C n ing , Govern men il l , Tangl in , h ua Chu Kang .

n t/1 0 111 11 111 a l bu m . w t a B ra Nees Flo ers whi e , Jungles , local , Ch ngi , P S el i ta r Chan Chu Kang , onggol , , Choa Chu Kang .

‘ E A n derso m a t c t t S ( . M s ers , des ribed from a plan ob ained in inga T A t t pore by . nderson , is on ly cul i va ed here . )

J u s fi ci rt ( n u l ro r u h z o i des . A t a g p Clarke s r ggling herb , wi th pale ﬂ t t yel low owers , leaves veined wi h whi e when young . D B t n amp woods , uki Mandai , Chan Ch u K a g . 1 2 T HE L R S 2 F O A OF I N GAPOR E .

“ ' 7 G en da r u ssa L . Ga R . . nda usa A com mon shrub round

a t t . vi l l ges , u sual ly an escape from cu l i va ion

' “ N d a sa a S B t . . o dh o a c c . t a t . A Nees ingapore , Flor ri Ind v seen e en c u l ti vated .

’

s f o h e a cu nn n a ta . w t P eri r p Nees Com mon herb i h pink ﬂ owers . M o A n . g K io , Choa Ch u K ang , Tanglin

na t th o m N s . . t m u ee e . P . Noja Flowers pink , larger han las

L a etc . eaves u sed for dyeing e g gs , c kes , . , pink Tanglin ,

t J . B lakang Ma i , urong

V A E RB E N C EJE.

' f l L. l / m, A S L a n m u ma r u A . ( Tahi yam o ver ingapore , very o m c t th e c . m on There are several olor varie ies , com t t n mones is orange red color , urni g orange yel low when passing over ano ther form is pa le pink wi th a yel low eye t a k t t wo urning d rker pin , and where hese for ms gro w t t oge her there is an in termedi a te or hybrid form . There is a sligh t difference in th e form of t h e lower li p in th e t w o t h e th e t forms , in orange one li p is shor er and broad t th e i t t er han i n pink one , w here is nearly quadra e , so t hat th e pink ﬂower appears more irregu lar than th e S th A . t t a orange one T he plan is a na i ve of ou meric .

L i n d A t c a n i ca R o . d . xb smal ler sh ru b w i h l ila ﬂowers , dark s W t t . a t a t B pink fru i s e gro und near own . abund n , ochore , l ti e Ba es r . K alang , plain

' '

1. 1 1 11 o d o P t t 1 1 z l m c . W pp f Ri h ros ra e herb , ﬂowers li lac . as te d B c groun , o hore .

" “ i n di V D ca . S . ah l elasih ende Com mon sh r u b , W t ﬂowers bl ue . as e g round , e very wher e .

1 1 S . 111 11 7 1 47 13 c t t ( , m u h bi gger , wi h rosy ﬂo wers , in rod uced t and here . )

G eu ns ia a r i n osa B l W t . n o . f ( al lich , No . seen l ' ’ W Ca /i ar a R eer cmz . M t B c S . t. ( p al l ingapore , ur on i n F l ri

is cu l tivated only . )

THE L A S R l 2 4 F O R OF I NG A PO E .

V for blacken ing th e tee th . ery com mon i n woods and B t t c t . e tc . hi ke s Tanglin , uki Ti mah , Changi ,

z A m deﬂ a ru n W al l . s al l shrub abou t 4 fee t high wi th nod ding heads o f w hi te ﬂowers surrounded wi t h n u merou s

. D r ed e c . V G a r s pals rupe bla k ery com mon . Tanglin , den Ta m n i e s . j ungle , Chan Chu Kang , p

’ / m L . t t r p a n i cu a u Shrub wi h bril lian c i mson ﬂowers . Man D t W dai , K ranj i . ou b ful ly i ld .

- 1 V 11 Bl t . \ i ﬂ es11 . t l ( 7 . r Com mon shrub wi h wh i e ﬂowers h o e

isl and . A Ridl . s S t th e t lender hrub , wi h s e m hol lo w ’

t . ti tl ed t ts c . and wi h an nes s Pani les large , ﬂowers orange d t an t a t . A h some plan , rare , s reams Choa Ch u K ang Se veral c u l ti vated kinds also occ u r in was te ground near V C. L . l s u a ma wn . . v i l lages ; such are ind l C. q ah l C J ’ n V n u Br t a ru s t . ( . s z h o a n th s t a ﬁ t/ en and p . which is cu l i v ed

' use th e t by K lings , who leaves for smoking ins ead of

a n d i t G a . H em p , cal l anj

" - u 1 13 10 1 11 111. Ha . A t c t ( A t m 1 ssk wh i e ﬂowered spe ies , in roduced t a t 1 85 5 I t in o J a va from Sing pore abou , know no hing ’ ” ' “ l n v W . S L C . Co l ebw o t z u u n of , and al p ingapore obb

i n o r mna uun G t . t e and Cl . f aer n men ion d from Singapore

B t . I m w et t . also in F lor . ri . Ind have never i h

- n a A S . No t ma p e ta n dm J c k . kar u long com mon , Chang i

‘ - n l i A i . V c o n e l ri ccn n z a o /ji ci a l i s B . A p p ery mmon i n ma grov s R V R a P and along tid a l ri vers . iver al ley oad , Ch ngi , u lau

etc . Ubin ,

' ‘ LA B IA I ZE .

r B t t e . O e Co l eus u l rop u p ur eu s en h . F lowers brigh pu rpl p n

t . A n n . coun ry g M o K io , Chan Ch u Ka g

/ V t . S l ug/p us s um ac cus Poi t. ery common in was e ground epoy

K t M t . a e tc . Lines , Tanjong a ong , Faber , Ch ngi , TU E L R F O A OF SI N GA PO R E . 1 2 5

b v s P t A t H . r e i e . n e tc . B p oi Com mon , Tangl in , g Mo K io , o h t t t o A c of hese are in roduc ions from S u th meri a , now

thorough ly established .

D / l - “ k l l . E ys op y u a u ri c u a r 121 B kor K uching . Flowers pale

V w . lavender in long spikes . ery common in et S pots

etc . Tangl in , Changi ,

A n N i swuel es o vu m B r . o t c . om mon , Tanglin

B . A c t [Leuca s s eyl a m ca r Ka tu mbet . ommon weed wi h B t t . t w hi e ﬂowers , was e grou nd Tanglin , lakang Ma i , l r Se i ta , e tc .

L 1111 1 01111 r . L M t . Si l a . . 7 Sp ess com mon , Faber , g p

’ B - t d U i mu m ba s i l z c mu L . . t te c asil Ruku Ruku , of en cu l i va , c ta t La oc urs spon neously in was e ground , as does also ’ ’ b r L eo n o l i s n e ett t o l i tt B r. 0 11 11 1 u s s i i z cu s L . and p j/

E A W a r n m tg o r L . . t P l a tago / kor ngin s e g ound , Chan Ch u ' ‘

l etc . K ang , an glin ,

Nr o r a u rs ns z .

L d . B l awr i a r e en s . S G o cr t p an y places , alang

AM A R A NTA C EJE .

A / 1 1 1 S a n dv s t . c l ma 1 po s Changi , om mon .

” ' w u n u s L. B D A un a n l s sp i o s ayam uri . Com mon w eed in ' ‘ Ia n li n B s t . e tc wa e ground g , ochore , .

' ’ “ ‘ ‘ k A . l T f Ba a m Ite . w s te i i t i S L. y Common in a ground ,

every where .

- t l ca u da tus L. t t o e . . C ul i va ed , and f en as an scape

11 L . G t H . - l . p t1 1 cu l t 1 l u s overn men il l

f l No t i n t o B tr te B . . t ( f/ a l bu mpr os a rare , weed was e gr und uki

Ti mah , Pu lau Ubin , Tel uk K urau . 1 2 6 TH E FL OR A OF SI NG A POR E .

A l ter n a ut ra s ess i Br . b e i l s . Common every where

B . / 1 W . t P a p a 1 1 a tmp u rp u r ea Miq. Singapore ( al l i c h in Flor ri ’ b t \V a l lich s t l u i t e 69 33 I nd . , u in Ca a og e is labell d

. t b Singapore et Penang) No seen here v me .

P O L Y s o NA CEA L

/ m idu m n . n wet t t etc . P o l o n u /Iucc Meis Com mo in spo s , di ches , yy t

B t m B h . Tangl in , uki Ti ah Road , oc ore

) W I edu uc u l ur e W . S . n o t e . . p al l ingapore al l ich , se n

L D t H R G tum . ba r ba i ches , ol land oad , alang , Chan Chu

Kan g . NEP ENTH A CEﬂ l

The pi tcher plan ts are known to th e Mal ay s as “ Poko '

. t th e t t Pr iok K rah , (ape s cu ps) The s ems of ~ s ou er kinds are used for binding fences . They al ways occu r

- t etc . a re e t i n open coun ry , borders of woods , , and abs n from dense jungle .

’ ’

a m u l l a r z a c . A t th e t w N. p Ja k com mon kind wi h pi chers i n horls t th e t of en sunk in ground , pi chers green , or more or less w t S po tted i th purple . I once fou nd a plan t w i h i vory

t i t . a e c . whi e p chers Tangl in , Chan Ch u K ng , t

’ ' Jt a l es 111 11a . P t t . m N. fj Jack i chers of en very large Com on al l

over Singapore .

W d. N t h l l a m /wm o c a . A p y p i l l om mon , Ch ngi , Jurong

i . B n tl tz z M t . R ei wftr q Common , uki Ti mah , Changi

l B t t B . r a ci i s t . X . g Kor h lakan g Ma i , Changi , uki Timah W l bumu r i n a ta L . S . S N. a g obb ingapore , al lich urely an error w P i t a t . for enang , here is bundan

A RI S TO L O CH IA CEAE . l i A A r is l o l o cbi u u ngu ﬂ o r a Mast . cl i mber wi th large trilobed

e . L i n w leaves and purple ﬂow rs ocal long et grass .

Jurong .

1 2 8 T HE L S R F O R A OF I NG A PO E .

P . ro l stru um R . E t B t oxb rec , rare , uki Ti mah .

P . 10 1 /1 r0 l1 1 l l u E B r . [ p y p / m . A wel l known o 1 na men ta l c l imbing t a tt t plan , le ves deep b reen spo ed whi e and pink . Com m o n bu t B t a rarely ﬂowering , dense woods , uki Ti m h , el ita r t S , e c .

’ e P rromz a a r i u a Mi . A tt e tc ( p g q l i le weed in gardens , on wal ls , . ,

t . in roduced Tanglin , Chan Ch u Kang ) .

CHL O RA NTHA E JE C .

f o r/ 1 11 111 118 Bl . S t t hruble , w i h slender spikes of whi te t t t D m ﬂowers and ransl ucen whi e berries . a p ravines in a B b ut t . t B t jungles , loc l abundan uki Timah , uki Mandai , J n uro g .

Y R S T C C A E M I I A E .

t t S r The wi ld nu megs are very plen ifu l in ingapore , occu ring h b u t t i n in al l t e bigger jungles , al mos invariabl y an isolated t t i t t to et t manner , so ha is of en by no means easy g bo h sexes

. t a t t of any species They are al l rees , v ry ing in heigh from abou 00 to u fi f teen fee t to 1 or more . The seeds seem be ( in al l b t

M. ci n n a momea t t c t n o t ) deﬁcien in aroma i proper ies , and are

‘

h t a t . t t used by t e na ives al l The i mber is of en good . The ” n th e t t t th e a be ati ve name for cu l i va ed Nu meg is Pala , M ce ” P t a t . ing c al led Bung ala , ( l i eral ly ﬂowers of Nu meg) Many ” P H e t bu P nda h t c . t e ra of th e wi ld species are cal led ala u an , ; , t th e t Men da ra h Ch en da ra wi h local varian s Menarah , , and , is th e common name for other species .

’ W B t Tnn a h t M l cl l i l z ca . B l . p al l Com mon , uki , uki andai , Chan

a B t a . a . 1 r . Ch n Chu Kang uki Mandai , Chan Chu K ng

bra ctea ta De . A a t B t . M . C very l rge ree , rare , uki Timah

B t Sumb a wa n M n n a mmnea n . No t . ci K i g common , uki Mandai , g , l e i tar . Changi , S

t M n M c a ssa . Ga B a . r . K ing F lowers orange , rden ju ngle , uki

a i th elita r S . d , Nor S , ungei Morai

1 M 120 11 1111111 . . . King Rare , K ranj i T L R S 2 9 II E F O A O F I NG A PO R E . 1

3 . n er l R 1 i s B . a B t re , woods , uki Mandai .

’ '

M W . C erru z nca a t . li a r e . j y al l ( Rare , S t

Jf. s u er ba H . ﬁ l . S B p ook Rare , ungei engkuang , Toas .

b i n osa ru i . G M t . g K in g Rare , arden j ungle , Faber .

’ ‘ M h ﬁ l a l a l h c u H . . B c t t . l ook ajau also col le ed by C n ley

wi th o u t local i ty .

311 0 1 R Kra n t 0 3 1 . King are , j

' F arr bm n a lita r u z a W . G B Se . / al l Com mon , arden j un gle , ajau ,

F lms u Sel i a t r . o r King .

‘ ‘ I I m l s H ﬁ l t th e B0 n c z . V ook . ery rare , a single ma le ree in t a n i c G a s b t b u t no t w rden , proba ly pl an ed , kno n else w here .

’ ' ti l a B Bu t . ra ssz o z a H . M c f l ook . ki andai , Ch n Ch u K ang , ajau

[ a G t . . r/t aer n Rare , Garden j ungle

/ e ' m z u c da . No t a B t j K ing rare , Tan gl in , C lu ny ro d , uki Ti mah , l i ta Se r.

M h i um W n o bra t . . c K ing . Singapore ( al l ich ) ; seen

10 s 1 / 1 11 a No t 1 1 13r l H . ti l . [ 1/ j ook rare , Jurong , C han Ch u Kang ,

K ranji .

i t o bl o n o l i a B . gf K ing . Rare , uki Ti mah

o n r ta B c e . t . f K ing uk i Mandai , Changi K l i . . a ing Rare , Sungei Jurong

’ d h s r Bl T m t e . an te me i a . e a com ones sp cie Tanglin , Ch ngi ,

B uki t Ti mah .

a i G n B t l u r na Bl . m Com on , arde j ungle , uki Ti mah .

l a uca Bl G u 1 g . arden j ngle , K ranj , Pulau Ubin .

l a u ce n ti l s ce s H . . g ook . C l uny Road 1 3 T HE L R S R 0 F O A OF I N GA PO E .

V . H o ok r n e i a a W . t 20 t t t a a l l Usual ly abou fee al l , wi h l rge l eaves co vered when young wi th brown wool which peels th e beco me co r i a ceo us t t off as leaves , frui covered wi h l No t u . B t brown wool rare , Tangl in , ki Ti mah , Chan a n Ch u K ng , Choa Chu K a g .

° e JI. Ca n tl 1 H ﬁ l B t . y/ ook . . uki Timah

o n \V l i o a B t . g f l i al l . uki Ti mah

’ JI mu l u / n a t h t is z H . t s s . p ook The onl y ree of pecies know n i n h e B t G b t t t t c u . o ani ardens , m us have been plan ed

MO NIM IA C EE .

El l a / 111 s n l Ch ro m A t m a m B . u c . large shru b wi h smal l yel low e ﬂowers and s tee l bl u e frui ts . The Jakuns smoke th t t c to s lea ves wi h oba co cure headache . Com mon in woods t t G a B t and hicke s . rden j ungl e , uki Ti mah , Chan Ch u A n n Mo . Ka g , g K io

’

L A UR INE E .

a t Trees , more r rel y sh rubs , wi h usual ly unisexual flowers A fi t to th e ffi t tt dif cu l grou p , ow ing di cu l y of ge ing flowers of m rf t t t . bo h sexes and frui s , any being i mpe ec ly known The ” M b th e trees are usual ly cal led edan g y Malays .

' t 7 M a 1 11 \V . Cryp oc rya (i d/7 11 111 11 t Medang Buaya . ediu m sized No T t t . t a m e n i s ree , wi h hairy ye l low ﬂowers rare , p ,

S eli ta r . Changi , , ri ver , Changi Teban

“ ss s t f R n n A a l l . G i m r e a . M u a . t d C. p Mei sn j ree are , ar en

j un g le . B B er rm l . t C. f Chan Chu K an g , Choa Ch u Kang , uki Mandai .

A n d t wo other species .

s 1 11 15 H ﬁ l R B i ln n i eth a " 0 0 0 0 13 . . t . B e l c ook are , uki Timah

' ' 111 1 1 o ca 1 a Bl . S J 0 p ungei urong .

‘ P mn m a m n Bl No t i n n m n u i cu m . b ut y rare in dense woods , very d e . G B t A n rarely ﬂowering ar en jungl , uki Timah , g

Mo K io .

THE L R S 1 32 F O A OF I NG A PO R E .

L r u l t A ‘ n B r . e r i ea B . G . f g arden j ungl e , uki an g

L z e l wrz a s . A s c th e sea t. . y c N ee large bu h , om mon on coas

a P B . Ch ngi , ulau Ubin , edoh

’ Ga L . s u l z cz o l i w R . f oxb rden j ungle .

l / i L . o a n t ca s . . p y Ju s Chan Ch u K ang , K ranj , Changi

’ ti eti o ta H . l . G . L . p a ook arden j ungle

’ M n i l z da Bl . B . L . uki t andai " An d a nu mbe r of uniden tiﬁed spec ie s .

f f L i eder“ ma a cce/ wz s H k ﬂ l . S t e . oo . mal l ree , ﬂo w rs yel lo w A u t i n G n e B t b ndan woods , arden j u gl , Tanglin , uki et Timah , Chan Chu Kang , c.

Perawas . Tree , leaves u sed medicinal ly . Galang ,

G arden jungle .

’ Ca s i Uta z u m z s L él r . A ra t s/ j f leaﬂess t wining pa si e . Com mon th e B t C near sea , lakang Ma i , hangi , Chan Ch u Kang ,

e tc .

’ H e n a n di a t W r el tu a e . S e i . 781 . p M issn ingapor , al l ch No 1 N o t seen .

PR O Tm o m s.

H el i um eti o l a r z s B . . Bu i t p enn Tree , com mon in woods k Timah ,

\V o o dl a n ds G l . Jurong , , K ranj i , Changi , arden j ung e

/ L i n t Me rn ba a a . No m 11 . ew e arr B . t u l g very co m on , Changi ,

Chan Chu Kang .

TH Y M EL EA CEJE .

‘ ' ’ A u il t u z a nua rcccen s is . Th e G . a o q aharu , is rare here I h ve n l y i s een i t a t K ranj .

B . ra ml i i o m . R A . g / are , aja u

A rn edi unr e t t m t s a nd A . S p. siz d ree wi h s al l whi e ﬂower

t . G e very smal l fru i s arden j ung l . THE L R S R F O A OF I NG APO E . 1 3 3

n a H ﬁ l t n o w Go ng/ styl us M a i g yi ook . . This aberran t ree is ‘ t t It r r eferred by some bo anis s to Tiliaceae. occu s in

th e Ga rden Jungle Buki t Mand a i and Ch ua Ch u Kang .

z b o t . t oemz a z n d ca . S L W i /cs r ingapore , o b ; d ub less an error

SA NTA L a c E a L

Hens /a tr i a L o bbi a n d De . . t h e t C C li mber Com mon near coas ,

Changi , K ranji , Chan Ch u K ang .

’

Bl . A t t t bur i bl z a te . I t H . j pparen ly a roo parasi is a wiggy , t a t t of en ne rly leaﬂess shrub , en irely brig h yel low . B a t t t li n a l l c erry ﬁ rs yel lo w , hen red and y bl a k . Dry th e sea B S woods near , ajau , Changi , K ranji , ungei

B u l uh .

' l l . n ti . t A S c/er opyz u m l a i gayi Hook . Rukam pu eh s h rub t t t t r w or smal l ree wi h s ou spines , ﬂowers g eenish yel lo t - r n e n in dense spikes , frui pear shaped g ee j uicy wh W n o t r r B t ripe . oods , a e Tangl in , Changi, Kranji , uki elita r Mandai , S .

' ‘ “ h m i . CIra mp er ez a G r i ﬁi z/ri a n a Pla n ch . C e pere A shrub with t c t whi e bran hes , smal l ligh brown ﬂowers and ora nge t t t b u t i t fru i . The lea ves are ea en as a vege able , is t said to be poisonous o dogs . Sandy spo ts on th e

t Ta m en is Seli ta r B . coas s , Changi , p , , ajau

’ f c L i n us !o ma p a u i/i o r u n G rift. A slender li mber wi th li gh t y el lowish green ﬂowe rs enclosed 1 11 greenish cream c olored o mmo n Ga rden B Ma t-i B t brac ts . C , j ungle , laka ng , uki

L . Timah , Changi , oyang

t . a . A t u L . sea /i de s King kar kareh hi am A scanden sh r b or m G n n tal l cli mber. Co mon , arden j u gle , Changi , Cha

Ch u K ang .

LO RA NTHA C EA L

These pa ra si tes are of ten ve ry des truc ti ve to tre es in ' “ th i - A i r . a re o e a A o r S ga dens They cal led y M lays p p ena l u , w B n l u . i th its varian ts e da , Ndal u 1 3 4 THE L O F S R F OR A I NG A PO E .

L em ur/m s L o bbi i H . ﬂ l . A t ook varie y wi th red , no t ye l low

ﬂowers . Changi , Chan Chu Kang .

o ci / reel s J . B t . L . c c ack uki Mandai

’

L z r ru z n eu s . etc . . ﬁ g Roxb Com mon , Tangl in ,

- D sr . e r . n o r us e L l o giﬂ Flow rs c imson scarle t. O n a very

lof ty tree , B uki t Ti mah .

L en ta n dr us IL. A t ut t t . p big s o plan , ﬂowers ligh pinkish red ;

t c E . G A B parasi i on ugenia ardens , l ma , uki t Ti mah ,

Chan Chu K a ng .

b dus B l . t r B uki t Ti ma h a l i F lowers wh i e , are , .

O n l o dom r tu s u n u . E e i s h L . r l us s a a . e Jack y and g , near t e se B a a t P Changi , l kang M i , u lau Tekong , Jurong .

/a eu s R . s a n V a mp u l c oxb F lo wer green d black . ery J com mon , Tangl in , Changi , han Ch u Kang .

L r ssus H . ti l . G e . . c a ook ard ns , Changi

Jl a i n a z H . ti l . A tt L . g y ook very curious l i le ﬂowered species , R ﬂowers brown . are , K ranji

a rt u l a tu m B . P t L UTQNUl i V i scu m i c ur m arasi ic on . Common , n Tangli .

' '

n ta l e W . O n h en s a n d Jl a cm un a a va n i ca l . o r ie i l ld , g y , Com mon ,

B B t e c . ochore , uki Timah Jurong , Chan Ch u Kang , t

E UP HO RB IA CE / E .

/ r b a a l o tu t . A s t c a s t . E up z o i Fors h rubby plan , sea o s , Changi

' “ G a S . t a u /i em L. s E . p / el ng usu Common weed in wa e

ground , e very where .

th mi ol i a B . P t t st t etc . E . y f enn ros ra e weed , wa e ground , pa hs ,

etc . Common , Tang lin ,

. A t t t L large su c cu len shr ub , of en cu l i va ted , rn t occurs as an escape . The mi lk is used na i ve medi tt th e a a cine , and for pu ing in to wounds m de for m rkin g

T HE L R S R 1 3 6 F O A O F I NG A PO E .

L “ n A m n w w P ur i na r i a . . . Duko g nak Co mo eed e very here , i t a u sed medicinal ly , and is lso su pposed tha t a fter ch ewing a bunch of this plan t it is possible to bi te u p

glass wi th i m puni ty .

' ' ' W d n fw . i cca a ci z ssz m t t a t di si z c s . (P . Muel l is some imes cu l i v ed )

“ n t u s r . h l di o . Gl o c z i Trees wi h inconspic ou ﬂowe s Uba , of

th e Malays .

! t B . . om /e Bl . f . l i N anks of idal ri vers Chan Chu K ang

’ i l No t o a r u m H . t . B t go nz c p ook rare , Tangl in , uki Ti mah

G alang .

B t s mo n e H . ti l . Selita r. G . de gy ook Rare , uki Timah ,

No t Selita r B t ns u l a re H . ﬂ l . , (y, i ook rare , uki Mandai , Toas ,

etc . Jurong , “ G ﬁ l . , B bru n n eum Hook . Ubah Merah ardens , uki t

Ti mah .

No t B m . ti l . . fl es mnca rp u Hook com mon , Tanglin , ajau ’ l Buk t. S B . ﬂ m a tu m H . , B t G . l mg ook i Ti mah ungei ruang , uki

Mandai .

l . t t m cr obo tr s H . ﬁ . G . i y ook Tal l ree wi h ﬂaking bark Flowers

t . G v ery smal l scen ed of cucu mbers ardens , Chan Ch u

. K an g , Changi , Pulau Ubin

t s u erbu m B . S t . m G . p ail l mal l ree wi h large leaves Com on in open country a l l over Singapore .

G S eli tar l ei os tj/ l u m K u rz . Com mon , ardens , .

’ o r mm l u m H . ﬂ l . B . G . c ook Rare , Jalan ray

’ ' E b La sk a nk H t . B r aym a r /mmnoz des Muel l . rge shrub . ( u l let )

‘ B rl z s ci em . t . B . g Muell Rare , U pper uki Timah

c na ta H . ti l . H Pa . A s h ruh c o n s icuo us B . r e l i ook ujan nas p s t ri t al H a a from it brigh red berries , b why c led ujan P n s , T H E L R F OR A O F SI N GA PO E . l 3 7

w l i t . a n S to V c n rm rai , no one eems know . ery om mo , i a th e a e tc espec al ly ne r sea , T nglin Reservoir , Changi , .

e S qu m u a l bi ca ns Bl . M A b a t p Chekop ams . smal l shru by pl n t t t t t wi h dark green lea ves wi h a wh i e cen ral blo ch , red k t A n t ﬂowers and pin or whi te fru i . popular a i ve b W t e t S c . t r vege a le , l aves ea en as pina h as e ground , cou

mon .

’ z o u t an i C/ cl stemmr l o ngi fo l z s Bl . A ree wi th penden t bra nches t l m e i are t . large lea hery lea ves . y wi th in ﬂower G Selita r Com mon in woods , arden jungle , .

' l z C z o r z o b l m n m a l a m u m B t . h ea p j/ l y en h Sandy spots near t e s . W R S a t c 7975 . are , ere mban lso col lec ed by al li h ,

' Ch u . l or No t. t osa ci o l i a Ba . B p ﬁ f il l rare , uki Ti mah , Chan

G . Kang , arden j ungle

B t M . A . n i r i a ns ti l B t c H . g ook . Tanglin , uki Ti mah , uki andai

A J/ u u ti l b G Sa te i a i H . . A . g j/ ook shru , arden j ungle , l i r , a i J K r nj , urong .

' f G l A . l u z cosa . A o f Muel l bush . common , Tangl in , Tanjong ,

Chan Ch u Kang .

B t M Se l i ta r . A . P r a i z r a . ea n K ing uk i andai , , K ranji

ti l t 40 t ta ll t H . A B en t/l a mi n a e . . ook Tree , abou fee , wi h red “ B t t . No t r showy frui s ra e , Tanglin , uki Ti mah , Chan

Chu K ang .

n No t mm J . l u a m B t . A . en h co on , urong

‘ i B t G n . l h ti l . s l e fem Hook . arde jungle , K ranj , uki Ti mah

‘

ti l No t J . rl i era H . . A . ﬁ c / ook common , urong , Toas

“ - A n m B R t . [Mp/m ip hg/ l l um l u u ri u ai l l . uas Ruas jan an big t te shrub or tree wi h whi ﬂowers , and oli ve shaped green th e e frui ts . Usual ly near sea , Changi , K ranji , T ban , Si l a g p.

/ B S t s t . A n ti l aw n w l u/ i n os mn l . hrub wi h raceme of pink frui s e tc Common , Garden jungle , Chan gi , Pu lau Ubin , 1 3 8 T L S R II E F O R A O F I N GA PO E .

' “ A us ( l M eb a ah . c z a tu m . S s . A p uel l big shrub , com mon in t B k t a B t a hick woods , u i Ti mah , Ch ngi , uki M ndai , Teban , s Re ervoir woods .

A . a l l a x N t B o t . f Meisn . com mon , uk i Ti mah

A l l c w . a a m H . ﬁ d l u . o o s co mmo n B t ook Thi k , _ , uki Timah , C n B k J t . ha gi , u i Mandai , urong

’ ' b s A . u u lm e emb l a . t i n m s S preng and A . g z l Gaer tn men ioned

B t . . n o t Flora ri Ind I have seen wi ld .

B a a cc u r ca . A t t t genus of rees of no grea size , wi h ﬂowers in

t . t a c long scen ed racemes Frui usu lly a apsu le , orange c S tt c th e en olored or brown , pli ing and dis losing seeds w rapped in a n orange pu l p hanging from th e pla c en tas ; t h t i s a n d d n o t M t t e t S . some imes frui a berry , oes pl i os a re m t re o r ta t less ea ble hough often a c id .

“ a r q 7 u Se ta mb un . A t t B . r 0 r u t w p / M el l . smal l ree i h a kno ted t a n d c c t d s em , very hard ompa yel low woo used for n m maki g s ti cks . The ale ﬂo wers are borne in racemes t t th e t t in uf s on s em , hey are y el low and smel l like c a t th t owsl ips . The female racemes are borne e foo of h h t e t a s to t e . t ree , so l ie on ground The frui is a s d - a a t an d t t pin le sh ped berry , cl re colored ea able hou gh d t B c c A . et . a i . common plan Tangl in , ajau , Changi ,

r l m t ma o z l l n . c p y Muel l . Tree smal l or mediu Frui s globose d t a G n n t. u l l ora ge russe , pu l p of seed or ge , swee arden

Sel ita r . j ungle , o al R A frrri t m d . . B . mm / King ambai wel l know n , common a a in c u l ti va tion and pp ren tly also wi ld .

“ Ta nr o i O t b u Ma l a ( m a . . t t ( B . y/ K ing p ccurs in cu l i va ion is n o t c om mon . )

. B J! bra ctm ta . A l t n t . M ue l l smal ree Com mo , uki Mandai R K H . ol land oad , ranji

73 Iafi o l i a G . f K ing . arden j ungle

B t . G i s i . . B . . B . . p n Flor ri I nd arden jungle , K ranj

THE L R S R 1 40 F O A OF IN G A PO E .

v cu u da l u G . . tw o o eisel Tuk u Takal There are f rms , if t n o t s c i a t t s t t hey are pe if c l ly dis inc here , one a long ou l ia rra t r o rr h a t woody wi h g greenish capsu les . Com mon C t c a d t Tanglin , han Ch u Kang . The o her a s n en or erect shrub wi th erec t racemes of wh i te ﬂowers and hard w b t globose yel lo capsu les as big as a u l le .

O . B a t . n B t Com mon in pen coun ry Ta gl in , uki Timah , aj u , Ch a n gn

’ ' l ti . A . t t/et i H . G C. G i ﬁi ook com mon shrub in woods arden

n e B t S B . j u gl , uki Ti mah , ungei u luh , Chan Chu K ang

‘ 0 l l i l i u l l . 0 ) o B t Se li ta r . gf Roxb uki Mandai ,

T i o n o t o n l e r s em o a f { el in B . A No t g / f ail l smal l shrub . common , Ka Chan Chu ng , K ranj i Road .

“ ‘ O s l o des ma c r o z l l us . A t B t. ﬂ g Kay u Ju long ree , rare , uki

Panjang ( common in Malacca) .

ti t H ti l . U. u r i a /a va mi n o r Di mo r lw a l c a i l l i es . c r . and p c y c p p ook

Singapore Lobb e viden tly an error for Penang .

’

A r od z s l a ch s l i en du l a H . ti l A t . A g y ﬁ p ook . big s iff shrub gu m wh i c h e xudes from th e buds was formerly col lec ted for

m L . aki n g a resin for polishing shea ths of Krises . ocal S andy spo ts near Changi .

’

1 . l o n r i bl i a B th JlIa l a a n a J J A / j en . var . g/ . ulong u lon g tt u t a c t t low li l e or nbranched shrub , wi h l rge ere s iff f h a t l ri r r S r leaves , used o r t c n g and w appe s The ingapo e plan t i s ve ry differen t from tha t of Pahang a n d Perak w o hich is a m uch larger branched shrub . C mmon in

. S B u etc . woods Tanglin , ungei u l h , Chan Chu K ang ,

l G r Cl ttox o n i n di cu m A s . c t y Hassk . large hrub Thi ke s , ange R oad .

Cl . l utt ul i u rn VV O O dS n o t; B t f/ {f Muel l var . , rare , uki

B . Timah , P u lau Ubin , uki t Mandai , Chan Ch u K ang B l / /t a n d t . A ca i i cu L . A d gp wee , com mon in was e ground ajau ,

G Ub e . alan g , Pu lau in , T l uk K urau THE FL O R A OF S I N G A PO R E . l 4 l

r ' ueu zn H ﬁ l A t t Cry /udep a s fe t uyi ook . . smal l ree wi h lon g s a nd c u c t h slender yel low ﬂower spike , aps les overed wi

. G 5 9 9 1 B t bro wn wool arden j ungle ( , uki

Ti mah .

“ ’ r l R n t A b /t ace r i l l os ct . . u th e A l a er M uel ami buki big shr , t i n t c t b ark used for s ring . Common hi ke s and edges of B t a R R Ch a n woods . uki Tim h oad , eservoir woods ,

B t M . Ch u Kang , uki andai

M . m S . u s ct . A r yo ue l l Com on , Changi , erangoon

s ma ros ta c/t us . A s . h t B t M a l l o l u c g M uel l big hrub T icke s , uki h Timah Road a t th e 9 t mile .

' ’

/ i n h z n ens zs L B A . A t tt Co c z c our . al ik ngin smal l ree , pre y m i ts t te s when i n ﬂower fro penden whi race me . The h e t th a t w h en u nder side of t leaves is whi e , so blo w n h h e t t by t e wind t whole ree appears whi e , when c e th e n t A b c a n t a i ve nam e . fairly good ﬁ re be ob ained fro m i n t th e . i bark Common open coun ry , Tanglin . Kranj ,

e tc .

M en a s M No t B n n i s . . p ge uel l com mon , ajau , Toas , Sungei

Morai .

ue a n d M ba rba t a s i n M l l , . Muel l , gi ven F lor . t m S th e t t t Bri . Ind . as fro ingapore ; ( la er col lec ed by s Lobb) are doubt less error .

‘ ' “ l l t n i os us Ho . ﬂ l . S B t G i . t e c ok ingapore o anical arden , o t Can tley is al toge ther d ub ful .

' ’ A l l a ca t a nga l at/p a l ett e“ Muel l . fair sized tree wi th whi te t t o th e t s tems and whi e undersides lea ves . S i c ks of i ts tt wood are used for se ing gambier . Com mon in dry c t woods and se ondary grow h , al l over Singapore . ” Ma l ran g pu tih .

i ll me ct o lt l l a . . A s t r t . y l p g Mu el l K ubin fair ized ee wi h very T e . larg e leaves h wood , used for making windmil ls , l ta r Ch rr Se i . hence i ts name . , Choa Kang 1 4 2 TH E L A S R F O R OF I NGA PO E .

’ M t i /ro a t A . l c c a . t t t p Muel l shrub half scanden , wi h irri a ting Dr c B t prick ly capsu les . y woods , ommon , Tanglin , uki h Ti ma , Changi .

M “ A t h uel l . Mahang . com mon ree a l l ove r t e t ﬂ c a ca island wi h reddish in orescen e , and sm l l psu les

t t c t . It bilobed smoo h , and covered wi h a waxy oa is doubtfu l whether t his is th e same as th e Java nese

c . O t n d t spe ies pen coun ry a secondary grow h , exceed i n l g y com mon . ll . . tri l o ba . A m t t t Muel l mediu sized ree , leaves en ire or h ree

o d. Y t l be oung plan s ha ve red leaves , and look very A n t S w handsome . bu dan al l o ver ingapore , i n oods , n P Tangli n , Cha gi , ulau U bin .

l] L o rci i No t c m a . K ing . o mon , Jurong , Tyers l l , Chan Ch u

' u l r B i B 0 . ul a . t t . p 1 {f M uel l g ree , in woods , uki Ti mah ’ l / Mir A e ﬂ t P ro r s co s ta trr . yc ml z ] big tre , owers vel ve y ye l low , f rri No t G r t large green hairy wrink l ed . com mon , arden C Ch u . j u n gle , han Kang

Ri t/ tu s o mmu ters L J t c ( o c . arak , Cas or oi l ; o curs near

vil lages . )

E u s t ns M S - s el rdo k A do p er mum / ra l a cce e uel l . endok big t t m t n t ree , wi h s oo h grey bark , ﬂowers gree very s wee ,

fr rri t a e t . as l rge as a pea , orang , s wee The w ood is used

t o Net B t . make clogs . rare , uk i Ti mah , Chua Ch u K ang

E le / t n B 7 846 t c f s e . o u . e en th S ingap re , ; a do b fu l

Spech n en .

s al o rti u m m u ti i r u m \V o o ds B u t . G l / u Jus . , Changi , ki Ti mah

’

bi ru z u m ea c a t P u a . G . j Roxb . S o s s , Changi , l u Ubin b ] t . i ll eyi sws l i gmct M a l a cca/ we Hook . H . A s inging cli m er

G arde n j ungle .

' m g n t/z u s o u l i o l i u s ra h O cc t e t Il o a l g p p j G . urs here and h re , abou

th e A b t . lexandra road and elsewhere , pro ably plan ed

1 44 T HE F L O R A OF SI NG A P O R E

according to th e age of th e tree . Y oung shoo ts from an t a i t to old s u mp usu l ly have large leaves , and seems me

t en a n i m z a O . l l i /z i a ha t S . p g li v and S q C i K ing re

t t S . si derox l o n Te sm t mere s a es of g/ , y . The na i ves how e ver cer tain l y dra w a dis tinction bet ween some forms /m Ta m en i t l . l V a l l i c si der or o n cal ling S , p s pu ih and S . q , ' n M ra l1 i e 1 ed a n d Ta m n l a m e is e . . i t e i p , wh e p s . The t o t plan ﬂowers very readi ly , even seed l ings in a p sometimes ﬂower and f rui t when on ly a foo t and a hal f t t t e th e t al l . The frui is a sof w hi e dru pe nclosed i n fou r t c n t t t hi ke ed whi e sepals . These are swee and ea able and any pressure on the m ejec t s th e fru i t to som e distance so tha t if a bi rd a ttem pt s to ea t them th e frui t t is th rown o u .

n t etc . h e Common in dry woods , ope coun ry , , especial ly t ’ en a n z a na broad lea ved var . r g Tanglin , Chan Ch u Kan g , Changi ,

etc .

t r t The ﬁgs are olerably wel l rep esen ed here , no l ess th a n h a 35 spec ies occ urring in t e isl nd . They com prise creep i n c t t wo t t g shrubs , big cli mbers , ere shrubs from fee al l

t . n c t o trees of grea size The ﬁgs , one of whi h here are t t e ea able , are sough for by birds , special ly pigeons , bu l l a t - a ts t b u s and st rlings , and by frui b , which frequen t h e i n t l n t d t t h e trees when fru i grea nu mbers , and is ribu e t m M an seeds every where . The co mon alay name for y a i dik species of F i cu s is A r . S pa is appl ied to man y t Kela m o n to tr a scanden species , and p g su ch ees s

bear th e ﬁ gs c l uste1 ed on th e stem . Mos t of th e t rees t t t t b are of rapid grow h wi h sof val ueless im er .

l l B m em W a . S t t t pi jf mal l ree , ﬁ gs wh i e , com mon , uki Timah , P b Buki t Mandai , ulau U i n .

“ u d h A t l a \V . A ra S u e . t a m p e/ H al l p shrub , of e n epi phy ic t t t ﬁ on other rees and some i mes kil ling hem , gs smal l V m B t a oran ge . ery co mon , Tanglin , uki Ti m h , Chan

Chu K an g .

s s L A t t a t . benqa l en i . big ree , of en pl n ed ) THE L S R F OR A OF I NGA PO E . 14 5

bra tea l a W A N t c . t o al l medi u m , sized ree . ﬁgs orange . th e B t P t . rare near sea , Changi , a u u eh , Chua Ch u Kang

F . a n n u l a ta B l . t r R C li mber or ree , ﬁgs large and o ange . are ,

B uki t Timah .

l o bos a Bl . A t ﬁ s c t c t g bushy ree , g dark green , ommon in hi ke s , B uki t Timah B t M R , uki andai , Changi , Toas , eser voir .

' a l o h i l a W a . A t te 2 c y p y l l smal l ree or epi phy , ﬁgs in hes long t t N G a orange wi h darker spo s , very handsome . o t rare , B t Sel i ta r lang , uki Timah , Changi , .

l ’ R P o btusz o z a . f . are , u lau Ubin

/ ' Bl . Bi t . a t ssi ma G . z g ree arden j ungle , Serangoon

V a l t n l r 1 , / u r o . A t o nso i a ta B . . i c c ree or large shrub , ﬁgs N t h e li ta r P . o t t Se orange rare on coas , Changi , , onggol , B t uki Timah .

. C . F . ro era Bl A t e t a p c . big ree F r C nning , han gi

4 W . No n W 5 6 6 . F . mi crostoma t . a l l see Singapore , allich

’ l i A n t t Sel itar F . n d a . e der . . i z c v ar G epiphy e or ree , P ula u

Ubin .

s uma tr a n a . . Tree , Chan Chu Kang

B i t n o t B m to lz l l a Mi . t a ca p p y q g ree , rare , uki Timah , Changi ,

B S . K ranji , ajau , erangoon

/ Ta m en i . n n d m. u s bi ne y Mangrove swam ps , J rong , K ranj i , p

’ R P H tt b u . a . o t szfo z Roxb are , ulau Ubin ( ul le

“ n n L W . l t t . B e ja mi a . aringin Com monly cu i va ed

B l . Bi t t t t . gl abel l a g ree , ﬁgs smal l whi e wi h pink spo s Chan

B B t . Ch u Kang , edok , uki Ti mah

’ ' G B . m fi l a . . tusa . F . r e var Tree alang , Changi , ajau

L m t . r el igiosa . Com on ly plan ed 1 4 6 THE L R A S R F O OF I N GA PO E .

F . i so ca r m \V . A b i t G t H G p / al l g ree . o vernmen ouse rounds ,

Tanglin , Changi , Chan Ch u K ang .

F . ca l l i ca r a Mi . A c w t t t t p q big l i mber i h ﬂa ened s em , ﬁ gs - s t v ei very large , pear haped orange wi th paler S po s , y

. O n m B t a Ch u showy big trees , co mon , uki Timah , Ch n

K ang .

F . n to i a h b S c u c . t p T un lender l imber on old s u mps . Tanglin , li ta l S e r o . Chan Ch u Kang , , Tanjong G

i - F a i oca r a M . S t n . p p q ro g cli mber , ﬁgs pear shaped large orange

red . Tanglin .

F o bs u r a Bl . e t No t B t . c Figs y l lowish whi e . rare , uki Timah ,

Ch ua Chu K ang .

l wri s B l . R t B P H t a her rare , uki t Ti mah , u lau Ubin ( u l le t )

Chua Ch u K ang .

’ r u r ra B l r b n M ra i ec . . i es z o z des . Ba Su ei o var jau , g , K ranji , Ka h Chan Ch u g .

‘ n l a D r a me cea . t t . e C li mber wi h yel lo w milk , ﬁgs brigh pink B C n se t . woods , uki Timah , han Ch u K ang B l r i l l os a . ﬁ s . n C limber , g red or yel low , hairy Ta glin , B t h V . uki Tima , etc . ery common

i o l i a Bl t d d vers . t ts i f S mall shrub , erres rial i n san y spo or

e t a V a r o vo i d a . V c o m epiphy ic in m n g rove swamps . . ery m o n n B Sel i t a r , Changi , K ranji , S u gei ul uh , Teban , , P u lau Tekong .

’ i u t M e i i . M to t g King ediu m large ree , ﬁgs green w i h

t s t a t t d t 0 11 th e t . wh i i h spo s , leng h u l l red in cl us ers s em V m B B t M c t . ery om on , Tangl in , uki T i mah , uki andai “’ l h ibes R ei n wdt. S n a l i n o t r c . i gapore , ; seen

R in w t B Ch a n tu l o s a e . t ﬁ s d uk i Ti mah , Changi , Ch u K ang P ulau Ubin .

l \ a l | w . n cl u cr a V . t gl a if Tree w i h spreading cro n , ﬁgs yel low

No t G . very rare , arden jungle , Changi

' TI-IE F L O R A O F SI NG A PO RE

' ' ’ ‘ l th n i a L B L . e c A i s A . z n te rz o z a c . f/ f , Ja k , Nangka ; . , read t th e S to t i t A frui : and uk u n said be a varie y of ; and .

o l lz ema P a th e Ch a m edak t t . p yp er , p , are cul iva ed The tt m a a t la er y possibly be wi ld Changi .

s L t w t t t t t A . p . arge ree i h pinna e lea ves and frui l ike ha of

/ r i id1 . G P g , probably undescribed arden j ungle , u lau Ubin , B uki t Timah

M t t A . s p . ediu m sized ree wi h smal l lea ves , and smal l green t t t 1 c G frui s wi h whi e ﬂesh 5 in h long , seeds fe w arden

ju n gl e .

n u a o ns Bl A t Co oceplm l s su r e l e . bi g scrambl ing shrub wi h large t t t leaves and c ompac heads of dir y whi e ﬂowers , smel l No t t B t B t ing of pears . rare , hick jungles , uki Timah , uki P M a . and i , u lau Ubin

t P ma mu . D S C. a s . K ing Flowers pink ense j ungles , el i a r , u lau

Ubin .

’ ’

. o i /n M a i n a an d s btr n C S c r ec m z . S C. u z er r i u s K ing ingapore , g y ,

Ni . c t b L e q ol lec ed y obb , probably erron ously l ocalised .

F l eu r a i n ter r u t G d A t er t . y p au . weed , some imes s inging Tanglin .

P i /ea mu scosa L t . n s t ( indl I n roduced , com mo in wa te spo s i n gar

etc . dens ,

’ ' m L b - P ou z o l z i a i h a . . n a c and var a gu st jbl i a . U ai Ubai . a s t h A we ' n t e t . ed o t Used a vege able by na i ves low ,

B t n . very common , uki Timah , Chan Chu K a g

P . en t n B a dra . etc p enn A common weed , Tangl in , .

' ' ' f P el l z o nz a a r a m a VV ‘ j c ed l . Singapore Lobb doubtless an P a error for en ng .

T E l a tostema mo l l e “ . S \V a l li h 4 33 edd ingapore , c 6 ; probably an P error for enang .

' / P i u r ns mo l i ssz mu s \V dd . l e . S R p hr ub . are , Toas THE L R 1 4 9 F OR A O F SI NG A PO E .

J C G LA NDE JE .

d ' l ' n t . E ngelba r l i a l V a l /z c z z a a Lind l . Tree wi th winged frui s

G . Rare , arden j ungle

l . s a ta B . E . err Rare , Chan gi

M Y R IO A E JE C .

’

M r i a a z . Gil in h e A t t y c N g Thu mb c . smal l ree wi h dark green d t t leaves and ver y smal l red rupes , much sma l ler han hose

h B t M . ﬁgured in t e o anical agazine t 5 72 7 . Common th e a t B t on sea co s s , Toas , Changi , Jurong , lakang Ma i ;

1 B t . arer inland , uki Timah

UUP UL IF ER JE .

t t v ei t S Oaks and ches nu s are y abundan in ingapore , and are u t th e t r 1 sual ly fairly large rees , imbe however s us ual ly

. W t h e remarkably poor and valueless hen in ﬂower , smal l green blossoms are V isi ted by myriads of smal l bl ue f t. t t 1 ed . t t fo 1 bo le ﬂies , wi h heads The rui s are sough

and dispersed by squirrels .

No t co mmo n G arden r u o l r a t . . . Qu e c s u oca p Kor h , j ungle

’

. Wa l l i /u a n a L . . Q c ind l Ju rong , Changi

B P . B t a i i es . t Tima h P . s i ca a . r c u Q p var g p erangan adi uki ,

lau U bin .

’ “ n No nda Bl Mem eni B . t a su z ca . Q . p g agan rare , Ch ngi ,

. , Tengah

Mi O ur t . A L a m o n a . t Q . p g q commones species mediu m sized ree

th e . V m wi th leaves si l very on back ery com on . Tang

. A t lin , Changi , Chan Chu Kang form passing in o Q . Sel i ta r t w /ci i t . e c. E yc occurs in many spo s ,

' m n i n m Me e . B b sl rz x t . t Q . y Kor h p g Com on uki Timah ,

K ranji , Chan Ch u K ang , Toas . G con o ca r a O udem . Q . p Common , arden jungle , Reservoir ,

Changi . 1 5 0 TH E L R S F O A OF IN GA POR E .

. B enn Mi . G a emz B . Q q Rare , rden j ungle , ajau l . Ca n t e a na . B ukit Timah n Q y K ing Com mon , Tangl in , , Cha Ch u

Kang .

. l u ci da . l ita a Se r B t . Q Roxb Common , Changi , , uki M ndai

’

. en c/cz so ca f a rt . A t t t Q p K o h big ree , acorns al mos comple ely h c t e t . en losed in very hin cup Com mon , Tangl in ,

B t n . uki Timah , Cha gi

E t a - c l o /z o ra . . S Q . cy p ndl wi h very l rge disc like acorns inga W n r c o t . po e , al l i h seen

”

a n o s s a va n i a De . t B G Ca st p i j c C K a ek Tanga . erangan a A t t t t un jah . big ree wi h very large spiny ches nu s , ea t able . Common , Tangl in , Changi .

C W a l l z ch i i . G B t . K ing arden jungle , uk i Timah , Chan Ch u

Ka h a n i . n . C g g , common

‘

Iz strz x . R . 0 . y Dr C are , Toas

' ' t t t S b ut H u l l el z z K ing . In vol ucre wi hou pines stou t ridges on

t . t t . G a B t hem Nu s ea able and good rden j ungle , uki umb a wa n B t Ti mah , S g, uki Mandai

L th e t b u t th e S s . 0 . p ike las , invol ucres are piny , and leaves

G n . smal ler . arden j ungle , Cha gi

’

n e h el i oz des . B t P D . C. p K ing Rare , uki Ti mah , ulau amar

D 0 W 2 762 n o t . s u ma tra na e . S C. ingapore , al lich ; seen

CA S UA R INEJE

’ sel z o z a t R u t t Casu a ri n a equ i f Fors , is of en plan ed , and was

possibly wild here formerly .

CO NIF E RJE .

“ Sch o mbu r k W . rli u m el a tu m S . Da cry al l ingapore , g in F lor

i t In d t d . B r . . m us have been of course from a gar en The tree does n o t occur wi ld at m uch less than fee t

al ti tude in th e peninsula .

T L A o r sm e a r o nn II E F O R .

M O NO CO TY L E DO NE S .

H Y DRO H C A RIDEZ E .

’ H dr l r r ti l l a l a G A t y i l a e cz asp . common wa ter weed in di ches

Tanglin , Chan Chu K ang .

‘ ’ ‘ ] ma a cc n sz s . A n B lya a l e Rid aquatic wi th grassy leaves . Tang

a . l in , Chan Ch u K ng

’ “ t . E l i /ta l us Ko em gi i Rich . Se ul A mar1 ne plan t w i th l ong t - an d s rap like lea ves . The male flowers are very sm al l w t t - ct h i e , borne in a pai r of large green boa shaped bra s th e t W t h e on end of a long s alk . hen fu l ly developed c to t h e th e inflorescen e rises surface , and flowers break off and fl oat away t i l l they come in con tact wi th a female t t ri n flower which hey fertilise . The sea is some i me s s p t kled al l over wi th them . The female flowers are so li ary t A t t i n t in th e brac s . f ter fer i lization th e s alk con tracts o a spiral and th e fru i t is drawn down to th e bottom of th e to n It d t 1 sea ripe . is ovoi , green and hairy , abou 5 inch ’ D H a l i o e . ea t c r l ong Malay chi ldren i t. The ugong ( ) h It lives most ly on t e lea ves of t his plant . is very abun t th e t t B dan i n shal low bays in Johore S rai , round lakang t h u t Mati an d wherever e sea is shal low eno gh for i .

G A s ma l l t t H a l op /z i l a o va ta aud . creeping marine plan wi h

A t i n l w i n . obovate leaves . bundan sha lo bays m ud

B t . Changi , lakang Ma i

B URM A NNIA O EZ E .

’ t D n S . A tt B u rma n m a co el es tz s o . isik Naga slender l i le plan

- w ur a w t . i th bl ue n sh ped ﬂo ers , in grassy spo s , common

n Mt . . Tangli , Pasir Panjang , Faber

B A t t t B tu berosa ecc . smal l whi e saprophy e , usual ly al mos e t compl e tely buri ed i n t h e ground . Flow rs whi e

t s . wi th yel low corol la lobes , scen ed of cow lips Dam p T L R S R II E F O A OF I NG A PO E . 1 5 3

tt Ch u B k t h j ungle in ro en leaves , Chan K ang , u i Tima ,

B uki t Ma ndai .

' ' - T/u s mz a A sero e B c c . A t t ur n a w e saprophy e , wi h sh ped ﬂo er s , th e t b s d a o u t t e a perian h lo e r wn in o ta ils yel low . D c y ing w t B a e . t C cc t lea ves in jun g les Fairy poin , han gi ( e i ) , B h t . uki Ti ma , K ranji

’ "le ' dl Tlr. l a Ri S t t h e a s t b t . fu m . omewha l ike l u smoky grey R are , Chan Chu Kang .

' s l muo z /m n bo r n eens e B cc . A n c d tt t G / p e ex ee ingl y fragile l i le plan , t d o e l l e us e i n t t e wi h la ven er ﬂ w rs . j ungles ro en l a ve B u t C Ch u ki Timah , han K ang .

O HIDE JE RC .

b S t c c t s t c O er o n i a . mal l epiphy i or hids wi h ensiform di i hous v a n d s w lea es lender spikes of very smal l green , yel lo

or red ﬂowers .

if ar r R idl Ma n 1 . ( N i /{ l o a . 0 f ngroves , Kra j .

S {u m / a L . O n t e el i ta r l uki t 0 . ind l a h igh re , , Timah .

e G a l a n Kra n 1 . ( w s L . e p ind l g , j

“ wi n i n l a L . S c t t Lo ddi es G indl ingapore u l i va ed in g arden , n o t t a n d has been seen here of la e years , is probably

a n error of locali ty .

M s c t . i l i o l u m H . ﬁ l . 0 . c ook an g rove swamp and or hard rees a S M r B t K ranji , Chan Ch u K ng , Changi , ungei o ai , uki h Tima .

c t th e t u Terrestrial or h ids , wi h s ems sually swol len h t - t t a n d 1 ed a t t e base , hi n ex ured leaves , smal l green or

yel low ﬂowers .

z r a n rl1 a H . ﬁ l . A c n t t t M . m c ook reepi g plan w i h a ra her lon g l i n drl t t c a s cy c s em , and lanceola e opper colored le ve , ” “ h t whi c h sparkle l ike t e s tone a van u rine . Flowers

~ w. O n B t M a n ve ry smal l red and yel lo dead leaves , uki

S el ita r . dai , Chan gi , T HE L R A O F R 1 5 4 F O S I NGA PO E .

a t h M on es l a c . . S t t e . c g R hb f em swol len base , ﬂowers pink d B . t S or green Common i n woo s , uki Timah , K ranji , ungei n Panda .

' R i l t th e L z a r i r en osa d . p s . The ﬁnes in gen us F lowers fairly t t a large , pe als and sepals pink , l i p wi h d rk red veins .

t . W . . Terres rial oods , very rare Chan Chu K ang

L r o r t L n cr rosa . . . ind l Flowe s yel low purple Terres rial in t r a A n M o swam ps among grass in wa e Ch ngi , g K io near ' th e Rese rvio r Ia n gli n

’ L E i lr i c L e c a n s . t c t t . g ind l p p y , wi h s iff lea ves , and ra emes of m t n s al l y el low ﬂowers w i h a red li p . Commo on old h 1 t t t e el i ta r . s um ps and rees near sea . S , K ranj

s t lra L . E t d to h di . c t e L . i c indl piphy e Th e ﬂo wers row ed end th e c t t u ct of ra eme wi h d is icho s bra s ; smal l , opening one t M s a t c t d. e . a ime , apri o colore Common . angro v swamp

Kra n r a etc . j , Chan Ch u K ng ,

l P f n s o n { m H E t t t l a cl i i l . y g/ fi emsl pi phy e , forming large u f s , ’ t c c n r w i h oni al pseudobu l bs , long ar ow leaves and long It to t a t nodding spikes of brown flowers . is easy cu l i v e , a l l th h e e a . Dr t and flo wers ye r y woods near sea ,

Kra n r S . j , ungei Juron g ’ l / L Den dro brum l o n i co e . E t n t u t g ind l pi ph y ic , formi g a f of long d b slen er pseudobu lbs , earing one leaf apiece , ﬂowers sol tary on long stalks w i th long ﬁ l ito rm pe tals and a y R h e t . t t M el low lip are , growing wi h las . Sungei orai . r d rn i n Fi s t is c overed by Cu g .

D . B o /Ir i di u m ru n i l um x A tt t t d t t two ( ) p Ro b . li le uf e plan wi h to c s t an d t wo leaves ea h em one or smal l ﬂo wers , yel low

vr t . M a or veined i th p urple . No t rare on rees ngrove li a r t S e t . c e c . n B swamps , or hards , Kra ji , ajau ,

' S t l f rn nf /r n l i ﬁ l es r z u m l o e b u m H . . t ( ec . c ) c p g/ S ems . ook n bran ched a d swol len a t in tervals . Flowers smal l and a c w t n t fu g ious , y el low i h pi k s ripes . Com mon al l over S a i ng ro re.

’

D . cr z n er u m L tt w i/ indl Flowers yel low spo ed pu rple , l ip i th

o r R 1 5 6 THE F LO R A SI NG A PO E .

IIo o k ﬁ l A s t t t e t D . . . mal l uf ed plan . ﬂow rs whi e

B t B t M Sel ita r . t . wi h pink veins uki Timah uki andai ,

n i L . . D . u r oru m ce ind l Commo , K ranj

l R B t a . er a e Rid . ﬂ l are , uki Ti m h

’ b D S c t . V i a m co n os l a i c R c l r . . e t . ( e a/ ) f T rres rial , growing i n t t c t t s a wa er , wi h slender ere s ems grass y leaves and m l l ” R R S Ch a n i B uk1 t t . brown ﬂowers umpu aja ari g ,

M a ndai .

' l ' W l u m . L t h e s b n e rz csu all ike la t u t hairy . O l a ves in d ry B S B woods , ajau , ungei u loh , K ranji .

' r S ec t B u ru busa qﬂ l i rr emel u m L . E t t o . ( . ) f/ indl piphy e wi h l ng

slender s terrrs and pale yel lo w ﬂowers . Com mon in man w s gro ve s amp .

l A c a te s n i e Rid . t t p e s l very urious plan wi h long h n g ing s m ,

s s . M e ﬂeshy lea ves and yel lo w ﬂower in pair an gro v s ,

S el itar.

’ S r r u t l i t u w i e m H i l . R S . r e a r . ( ec t f ook . are , , Toas

“ - w V r umena l u n S . rc . e co n rn o n D . cr The pigeon o hid ry S al l over ingapore .

' b t l i l t l l l L d t W l i i . A ( Se c t . éf in l smal l plan i l pale

’

t . No t S yel lowish whi e ﬂo wers rare , Tanglin , Toas , el i

ta r S n . , erangoo

d n t R idl A c n t t c s m p a n a e i . urious pla wi h lon g reeping te s a n d s s a n d t It gra sy lea ves , ﬂower fa wn color whi e . 0 11 Pa n da n s S t s al ways grows , or agos , or Coconu pal m , h t e t . B k t M a J cl i mbing up s ems u i and i , urong .

r i l ur es i l M a R . t n D S c t . d A e t t t . ( e / ) pr y pla wi h bun t o r t a n d w ches of whi e ﬂ we s wi h a red ye l lo l ip , s wee t R s t . S M a cen ed are , Toas , ungei or i .

Rc . M . a . Kra n S el i a r . hb f angrove swamps , n, , To s

' l A ﬂa vi tl u u n Rid . tal l slende r plan t wi th yel lo w or whi ti s h

. . M w . ﬂowers K ranji , Jurong an gro v e s am ps THE L R S R 1 5 7 F O A OF I NG A PO E .

t rr t . P edi c um r o 1 R l A a l l i t . c u n l a n D ( Se , ) pj/ p id . t p t w h brigh

V e n . ora n ge ﬂowers fairly large . ry rare , Chua Ch u Ka g

[Ct / l IC/l ttttt l l l L . A 11 t t t. t t D. indl odd plan wi h ova te ﬁ a hin s ems t r t and whi e ﬂowe s urning yel low . Damp woods , rare ,

Changi .

s - d t . ecws a. \V a n D . (Sec p ) al l . This wel l known gr a nd plan t has on ce been fou nd on a big fal len tree in th e t a t Ch u fores Chan Kang .

f f n / B u l bo /z /u mm rcr a t ru m L . s t p y indl F lower fairly large pink , spo d te t e sc c . , en d of loves . Common in woods L a ten s . th e a t b u t . B . p K ing ike l s smal ler. Chan Chu Kang Ridl “ F os u ﬁ . No t B . r u m c g lowers yel low ommon , Chan

Chu Kang .

L l i t i /ea l u m . Se a r . B . p indl

f s t r i a tel l u m R idlf l e N Flo wers very sma l , y l low . o t co rn nr n C o , han Chu Kang .

ten a ri u m tidl . A n t a r B . ca t r bunda on m ng ove ees . S ung e i h n l l B C a Se i ta r . uloh , g ,

’ / l n B . n r z c el a Rid . O i B m angro ves com mon , Kran j , ajau .

’ d n s n n m L . B . c l a es tz u t indl Commo on ree , K ranj i , Tanglin ,

S M S eli ta r . ungei orai ,

' n ' k ti l s ﬂ a - B . co n c z n u n H . . me oo Flowers mal l colored . O n t r t Seli ta r mangroves abundan , K anj i , Nor h .

’ mz a r A n c c r . tt c e cu l e Hook f . in onspi uous l i le plan t wi th green

t . M Se li ta r ish whi e ﬂowers angroves , K ranji , , Changi .

“ / r H l l a m L . S B . t i t e a e l n L p indl ingapore or t. o ddiges ; is

. It probably an error has never been found here again .

B . a ori a m H ﬁ l . w w S ﬂ o rif r p ook Flo ers smal l yel lo i n pikes , e o us . K l i ta r Se . Common , ranj i ,

bo l r l ror u m . t t B . R t yp i l l . Forms large uf s on rees , ﬂowers i n l i errdrr o us . Ma n ro ves Kra n i smal l p bunches , purple g , j ,

s B . Toa , Sungei u luh 1 5 8 T HE L R S R F O A OF I N GAPO E .

' - B den si o r u / n R idl . A a t . ﬂ l rge long lea ved plan , ﬂowers i n

es . t e Sel i tar bunch purple Trunks of r es in woods . , Choa h u B t K a n r C r . Kang , uki Timah , j

’ “ m u m L S o d . B l z ba t . L d i t t ind l ingapore , ges ; local i y doub fu l

* u Ridl Tr ifo l i m . A curious plan t wi th pink ﬂowers in a bu nch

. R S l ike clover are , ungei Morai .

/ l l si c l a Rid . F lowers on a long slender s tem in a termina c O a t nt ra eme pening singly i ervals , large yel lowish and tr i n t B t pink on ees hick j ungle . uki Mandai , Ju rong ,

Choa Chu K ang .

l u m M u re L - z o eta ed s . Ci rr/ p indl F lowers in a dense mop hke head ,

t t to th e w t t . wi h l ong ails sepals , whi te i h pink spo s S t c t ems and bran hes of rees in j un gle of ten very high u p ,

c . G B t or on ro ks Tanglin , alang , uki Ti mah , Chan Ch u

Kang , P u lau U bin .

0 11 t . a i na l u m L . . C. r g indl Flo wers pale yellow rees , com mon ﬁ l t t o n i n n u m H . c C. c c ook . Flowers ream w i h pink spo s or

B . etc . t . en irely pink Common , ajau , K ranji

a l u m G . B e tc . (j a mosep riff Common , ajau ,

* u mi na tu m Ridl . R . C. a c are , Choa Chu Kang

n i B . mi cro bu l bo Rare , Sunge u loh

' “ Ridl ﬁ Kra n r B rrki t Ii n ea r z o l i u m . C. f j , Mandai , Ch ua Ch u K ang

i ’ ale s emi bz i du m Ridl . R . C. f are , K ranj i

- R . ma lt o a n u m . . C. y Rchb f are , Chan Ch u K ang

l . n Go l . ci tr i n u m Rid . Flowers yel lo w K ranji , Ta jong

‘ i h a n h C rr . B l u mez L n . C C. i dl Mangrove swamps , Kranj , Kang

. A a t t tt t E ri n o bl i qu e Lind l sm l l plan wi h l i le wh i e ﬂowers .

Mangro ves , K ranji .

or i bu rrda L . t t E . ﬂ indl F lowers in dense spikes whi e wi h pink t S rrn e B t c . i u lips , pre y ommon Mangroves , K ranj i , g

S . loh , ungei Morai

TH E L R S 1 6 0 F O A OF I N G A PO R E .

' ’ ' i l w d . \V et d B rk I . oenda R . r i t j oo s Ti mah .

’

/ rl a r r d o r a H ﬁ l . A c t c C a er r i i iﬂ ook . reeping plan li mbing u p

t . . G n rees F lowers large green Common , arden ju gle ,

B e tc . ajau ,

l ogg/ n e tes mcea Lindl . Sandy places near t h e coast on trees ' t th e n i Ch u Ka n and s u mps or on ground . K ra j , Chan g ,

S ungei Morai .

' V N R o lz u ss em i De r . o t l ta Se i r . c common ,

' ’ s ( u mi n z i L . B t 0 11 t g indl uki Ti mah , high ree .

’ ' l l m er i a na c . . an d a c t R hb f Flowers green bl k , on pal m rees

th e . V S B 0 11 near sea ery local , ungei u l uh , K ranji , high

t B t . rees , uki Timah

' r l Ca l a n t/re cu cu z o i des L . A t t t t t g ind l beau iful erres rial pl an , wi h a c t a t l i s pri o or nge ﬂowers wi h red p , in a dense spike . Cl rn Kra n r P B t Common , Choa K ang , j , Toa ayoh , uki

Ti m a h .

’ ’ ’ ’ h o ln a l l a l l h L W c I l c z c i i ind l . Singapore al li h No . has a h e n never been found gain in t peni su la .

‘ ' L a n F u l c bi a s ua l i da . t n d ree . p q indl Terres rial , ﬂowers pi nk g h O e s S t c . C C u p n gras y po s , om mon Tan glin , hangi , Chan

K ang .

L B t . s t F rm ni n ea . . . q i ndl awan g han u Common in sandy po s a Tanglin , Choa Ch u Kang , Ch n Chu Kang .

’ ’ E rn m o u h t c . Co t e Cz/ mbz rh u m a l uifo l i u m S w . piphy i on island

an d Pu lau Ubin .

u bes cen s B J var . p less common , Sungei u l uh , urong .

< Bl R P ul a rr . G r a mma i o / l l u m . eci os m n . p n/ p are , Toas , Ubin

’

Di o dz m i l u m R ch bf 0 11 t d . p u p c . C li mbing smal l rees , in woo s Ch a n Common , K ranji , Chu K ang .

’ l l s O a t e a u i L . B ro mh em z p a l s r ind l pen gr ssy and sandy spo s , v ry a we t t n d . S c om mon . Flowers whi e li p pink yel low e t scen ed . THE L R S N 6 F O A OF I G APO R E . l |

' dl e u M l r es /r fs Ri . o . / In d nse w ods , local K ra p , Changi , Toas , M S ungei orai .

' ' i o a Ri O n t B t B t a l l . o c d h igh rees , comm n , uk i Timah , uki

Pa njang .

' ’ I B t h el ita r . ( 0 7 O i t l t S c . . O n t t . S p R hb f lof y rees uki Tima ,

P o t a si n a u r ensi s Ridl O n t n a m a lys a clzy g/ p . rees e r angrove sw mps ,

a S M . r re , ungei orai

A den o n co s r i r en s Bl A t t . . smal l epiphy e wi h green ﬂowers Com mo r: o n s mangro ve , Kranji .

' Ren a n l b ra u m R idl L P li ta r t e l . ocal , u lau Se and o her islands h t round t e c oas .

L . P R d e B t . R . el o n a ta c g ind l Ro ks , ula u Ubin ; oa sid , uki Timah

’

. M a z n a i H ﬁ l R . l i ta r Se . g y ook . Pulau

r l R M a n t bi r i n i i l . n S r . 3e /z e el a st o ca R d . are angroves , e angoon

/ n l f i s i a n t a i l V t t a t R c z o s l e R d . e n/ y g g ery rare , one plan on a r e l ta S e i r .

l h e ' l A t t n ﬁ . S a cra a i u m p erp u i l l u Hook . very smal l plan wi h

t t ﬂ . n minu e whi e o wers Com mon i mangroves , K ranj i , l l h S ung e i du u .

' '

Bl M . l ros a c u s a ren sz s . c c j angroves , Kranj i

‘ b / . A t Twm np yl u m s er ru l a Hook f. leaﬂess epiph y te wi h long

t a d t o . roo s n smal l yel low and whi e ﬂ wers Com mon , man t s e tc s t . e c . groves , orchard ree , Tanglin , Toa , K ranji ,

’ ' s l L o to ma a z l m L . S to Cl cz s l fo i u ind l ingapore , according indley . No t seen .

. i - 0 . s ca / u n L n o n a l i o r u m . A t th e p ind l . ( ) common plan in P d t as to i ts t fi c t th eninsu la . I am oub fu l iden i a ion wi ’

L t No t . indley s plan . com mon , Jurong

' h c S a rca n t/ ms ba fo ln l u s Ridl . O n t t e i p rees by sea , ommon , K ranj , n P u S e . S ngei Morai , u gei Tengeh , u lau T kong THE L S G O 1 6 2 F OR A OF IN A P R E .

' r S ca s f s i l a k 7m Pa . fm u R . t D S . ( i wi m . e d a / Rare , on ree , l ve y i o t . Dr n A n n B d G . road This is f gured by . Ki g , . . ar Cal c u tta PI 83 th e Cl ei sos ro ma s i ca fm n b u t . under name of p , '

i t n o t Cl efs os / o ma a t a l l a s ta th e u . is a , I unders nd gen s ' L d d c t C s i cu l u m t in ley s original es rip ion of . p is very shor , b u t h e says th e ﬂ owers are pi l o se a n d th e lip IS l o nger

t th e u w c n o t a t t . han sp r , hi h does pply to his plan

' f u l n t . S m coch i l s ca l i jm i s Rid . O ree trunks in dense woods

B t a . uki Ti m h , Chan Chu Kang

i V . a dna tus R dl . S ery rare , Toas .

r s w n b ﬁ s I d n um . l h T/i r i p er u t ei R ch . Scrambling among bu es and

a a . c t . gr ss in s w m ps Flowers l i la or wh i e Common , S l i r A n Ba l i r e ta est e . , Changi , g Mo K io , plain

’ ' h l . G t li a cer l us R . t e j . c ch b f rows in grea masses on ground or

t i t t. c C on r ees . F lowers w h e swee fuga ious . om mon , K n S M B t P ra ji , ungei orai , uki Timah Road , u lau Ubin ,

P u lau Tekong .

a l s . . O n t tt t T. M r/m i e c R hb f rees , flowers yel low do ed red w i h t h R eli ta r v er v t o t e a n d t . long ai ls sepal s pe als are , S , i ‘e L o mb R dl fi r t e . T. n i l e i ea ves du l l red , flowe s pink , on re s Rare B u t Chan Ch u K ang , ki Mandai .

age i l i o l m i u l i ta R idl t Den co l a c . B M . Rare , uki andai

’

D tr i c/z o l ottz s Ridl . V c o c d . g ery ommon on r har s , and gardens . A t t c \ h o le smal l plan wi h fu ga ious yel lowish ﬂowers . V a i sl nd .

’ l e d l D ] l o r mi R i . L s s en de r terete t ﬁ if eave l ong , ﬂowers whi e . O n c a t e B t M a or h rd rees , rar . uki andai , Chan Chu K ng , a Dal vey ro d .

' r s i n w E h t A r z Op i s ja va ni ca R e dt . pip y e wi th slender pan i c les of

. s t . V er v c o pink ﬂowers Tree , open coun ry om m n , Tang

n i etc . lin , Changi , Kra j ,

’' * z ﬁ l w A It z l/e i H . . t . y ook Flo ers yel low , very rare , one plan on ly

found a t Buki t Mandai .

1 6 T HE L R S 4 F O A O F I NGA POR E .

t 3 tr . V wet t Ch a n wi h pink s ipes ery spo s in j ungle , rare ,

Ch u Kang .

JIu o J s P to a L c e e l L . r ind l eaves b igh t green wi th gold veins . l r e ita . Rare , S

‘ l s a z l Cga o re/ u r r ega ta B . Lea ves apple green wi th da rker mark

. w t w i C e o o s . Ch u B t ings Common in han K an g , uki

etc . Ti mah ,

i L . u r u r ea . Ch u var p / . eaves purple Choa K ang .

' i l a mo l i s L \V e c fz z l . t K [l l o . g/ l ind l woods , ommon Chan Chu ang ,

B u t a . Choa Ch u K ang , ki Ti mah , K r nj i

o bl u a Bl B t . H ota ria i y . Rare , uki Timah

- l A /z l loi c/z i s a l l i l a B . A ﬂ s r t t w c p y p lea es sap ophy e , s ra olor . No t B rare , Tanglin , Reservoir woods , u ki t Timah . m R l A n wc tdcl/ i l us en i cu l u id . L e t g ea v s deep red w i h gold veins , ' ' \V l et o o ds , oas , Chan Chu Kang , c .

r tost l i s a rd ent/ {res Bl . B t D C yp y Rare , uki Timah , Pu lau a mar.

' ni a a n l a to B . a B t . P ogo p a R re , uki Timah

' ' ﬂ f . n i iﬂ L a es c 8 a l l e s G . e s s t Di t lgm p p purpli h saprophy e . No t

n B . com mo , C l an Ch u Kang , ajau

m s Ri l A c ﬂ L eca nojrcl ds u l tccen i s d . bla k wiry lea es s pl an t wi th ' B i i s . t B p kish ﬂower Common in woods , uki Ti mah , ajau

e tc .

B ' d ki t . f n i a L d . n G a stror i a ja va c in l Rare , Chan Chu K ang , Man ai ' V n a n u s R idl . a a a H a bena rz a Si g p ur e ery r re , Cho Ch u K ng

woods .

z B t S t . l u cer i/ e a en h . mal l wh i e ﬂowered ground or c hid

s W . t e tc . Common along pa hs , in gras , hol e island

“ Ma in a n i r . n o t Jl u i ga y K ing . S ingapo e g y I have seen t i t s th e t c his, and hard ly see how differ from las , w hi h is

a som ewha t variable plan t . THE L R F O A O F SI NG A PO RE . 1 6 5

A r o s m m m c .

Hu l a B r S b t ia . t t Ap os cts R . hrub y plan wi h narrow lea ves and t V c m B t smal l wh i e ﬂowers . ery o mon i n dry woods , uki

etc . Timah ,

a n d/(3 b Neu wi edi L i 31i Rolfe . A tal l handsome plan t wi th righ t N n ah . o t B t Tn yel low ﬂowers rare , uki , Chan Chu Kang ,

Chua Chu Kang .

’ '

Cu r l i s z i . R a i . th e Tu z sl ra N. Rolfe are , Ch ngi , Kranj This is p ’ i n a i a na h s g p u r of W a l lic s Ca talogue .

‘ . t W l / c . S t et N. r i m . G iy R hb f ems creeping , ﬂowers whi e ' B uki Ti a h B t a S s t . t m po s , uki Mand i , ungei Morai , Chan

Chu Kang , Jurong .

S CITA M INE Z E .

Th e G ingers have already been de s cribed in a pre vious nu mber

of th e Journal .

’

b/m a n i o z des Ni . \V o o ds B t etc . Gl o p c q , uki Ti mah ,

‘

I u l i i nosu Mi . B it . G . g q uk Mandai

eu a n th a Mi B t . Gt. l c q uki Ti mah , Chan Chu Kang

' f A r B t Cu r cu ma z e l o a r z a Ro sc . bandoned gardens . Rese voir , uki

n etc . Ma dai ,

o m B u t i etc s u m . m Cus tu s p eci os s S C m on , Jurong , ki T ah .

a r r o /c l l u s B t . var . gy p y uki Ti mah

B . l obo su s Bl . t C . g Rocky places , uki Ti mah

u bet Sm \V t . Z éhgi ber z er m . as e ground

r a ci l e . B t . Z . g Jack uki Timah

’ u wr u l u Ridl . B t S B . Z . p Com mon , uki Ti mah , erangoon , ajau

i t/z i i Ba k . B t . Z . Gr ﬂi uki Timah

bi um R i . B t Sel ita r . A mo mu m h asti l a id uk i Ti mah ,

t n n B k ma / u s e . t i . H o r nsl edti a scyp i R z Com mon , Ta gl i , u i T h TH E L R E 1 6 6 F O R A OF SI NG A PO .

B t H L eo n ur us t . . B t . Re z Common Tangl in , uki Ti mah , uki

Panjang . l ' l a 11 . me a l o z z l us Rid . B t y c Rare , uki Mand i . ’ dl B H a Ri . t . . co m c Rare , uki Panjang l ' Ri l B H J/ a z n a i d . L t S B . . g g ocal , uki Ti mah , ungei ul uh

P l a i osta cl s l a ter a l /3 Ridl . L l B t B it g q/ oca , uki Ti mah , uk Mandai ,

Reservoir woods .

’ ’ o s l a ti o ra Ridl B t l ’ tl l E l etl a r z z s . K un p ﬂ Com mon , uki Timah , a J , S

gei B u luh .

l n m a n o a r a Ridl . t h e i i a el c S t . a A p p andy spo s near sea K r nj i ,

Selita r . W A Ga l a n a L. t g as e ground and gardens .

n No t Ra i esi a a W . B A . S ﬁ al l com mon , ungei uluh , Changi , Toas .

nn a; ra n di s R idl . B t B t P Do g uk i Timah , uki anjang .

' ' lz ak B P /n m u m Gri i t n B . t n y ﬂ Common , uki Timah , Juro g .

' Ca n na i ndi ca L . a n d C. l V a rcewi cz u . G a ( rden escapes . Tang

etc . l in ,

OP HIO P O G O NEZ E .

‘ f W B z osa utl es vz o l a cea . D t P a al l ense woods , uki Timah ,

i ri de Ridl . An Ki P . r Common , Chan Chu Kang , g Mo o ,

A MA RY L L IDEZ E .

' “ D a nd L m bah a u . ( u rcu l igo r ecu r v ta ry . Com mon in open

t B t m etc. coun ry , uki Ti ah ,

B a . V a n d a l a l i bl i a . A l 0 . j ry nd ery common v riable l over th e d islan . l t ‘ l l B k W . . a o i a c i l o a a v l osa 0 . s . C. i l , al l i/ , var This is a very dis

l a ti o a . tin c t species from C. f l i The leaves are narrow l a n la e t c t t ceo t acum ina e auda e s iff , glabrous above , cobwebby

THE LO S R 1 6 8 F R A O F I NG A PO E .

“

i l m H ﬂ l . S n Ma i n a n o t . D . t e a / ook ; i gapore g y seen

- t l No t a l a t es H . ﬁ . m . p lm ook com on . Sungei Pandan B D. l a bra . t n g Roxb Tangl in , uki Ma dai .

‘ l \V D sa l i va L . Kista a . t . Ubi as e ground and hedges ,

m o n .

D a a ta L rn t t a t l . . ( . The va is of en cu l i v ed )

R B HIA O X URG C EJE .

b osa L . No t o B a mo na tu e t . R r our c m mon , uki Timah

LIL IA CEJE .

' z a t t S mi l a x ca l opl y l a W al l . A d w rf erec shrub wi h yel low ﬂowers

and red berries . Com mon in dense jungle . Garde n j un n B t M B t a e c gle , Cha gi , uki andai , uki Ti m h , t .

D . m sc ti o ra A . e S o e . y ﬂ C lender cli mber ﬂowers gr en Rare ,

a n . G rden jungle , Chan Ch u Ka g

me a ca r a x . No t G B t T g p Ro b common , arden jungle , uki imah .

T “ l . A t n t l r is tl t ba r ba ta . rn S . a l s ro g cl i mber wi h y s ems Co

a e tc . mon al l o ver S ing pore , Tanglin ,

l euco /r l l a Bl . t l a t at a a t S . p g wi h rge lanceola e acumin e le ves broad th e t t i n base , smoo h u narmed s em , and large ﬂo wers t t t 2 c R soli ary u mbels on s ou peduncles in hes lon g . are . t H tt B k t M Bu t Tanjong K a ong ul le u i andai , ki Timah .

’ f ’ L n ua n H / n i o z a . e Dra n el a e s f Red j g. erb , ﬂowers yel low

a n t t t . ish d frui whi e , or ﬂowers and frui s bl ue Com mon

al l o ver Singapo re .

- a n a ra n u l a ta H ﬂ l . A t t 20 t t l h cm g ook . ree abou fee al l wi th t t 4 t d k s ems abou inches hrough , lea ves narrow and ar

e w t c . A t t gre n , ﬂowers hi e in large pani les beau ifu l ree . In o t r 1 89 6 t D B . A . ; t Jou rn . p I confused h i s wi h . r a nti n Mi a W r r th e B g g/ al l , a lo w sh u b occur ing in indings . ’ “ e t B t a B t M a j ungles , uki Tim h , uki and i , Choa Ch u K ang THE F L O R A O F SI NGA PO R E 1 6 9

’ s D ter m o ra R x . A . t . . ﬂ o b low shrub Common , hick j ungle

G S el i ta r a P . arden j ungle , , Ch ngi , u lau Ubin k ter i B a . t c . G D . r e P o Com mon in hi k j ungl s arden j ungle ,

J P . urong , Chan Ch u Kang , ulau Ubin

W D. n / A u ra n ti a a . Ca l e i B ak . tt D . u c al l y shrub li le or n o t d t t r branche , leaves green or purple wi h l i gh e rings . t D t Flowers purple rarely whi te , frui orange . am p spo s S B t al l over ingapore , com mon , Tanglin , uki Timah , Sel i t a r c , et .

] H . D M a i n a i H . A t . S t th e . g y o ok big ree andy spo s near sea . M B t S . Changi , ungei orai , uk i Panjang , Toas

’ l ale W si n a u rensz s Rid . B t D . g p oods , Chan Chu Kang , uki Ti mah .

D r a ci l i s W . G C . g al l Common in jungles , arden j ungle , han

t M d . Chu Kang , Buki an ai

’ d l n e ter mi na l z s th e D ae G n o t ( Co r y i , rac na of ardens , is wi ld any

w th e e i t t t . here ih p ninsula , is cu l i va ed only )

P O NTEDER IA CEE .

f A t c w l r i h a / ( P . t u M o no c z o a s Bfo i a resl qua i , ﬂo ers ligh bl e . Co m

G A n . mon , alan g , g Mo K io

b u . JII an i n a /i s . tc . g Presl F lowers dark l e Common i n di hes ’ th e l a n ta z n ea al l over Singapore ; var . p y is eve n co rn

moner . P HIL Y DRA CE JE

' k . L W P h i l dr u m Ia n u i n osu m B . et t j/ g an s oca l sandy spo s ,

Bedoh . IDEZE XY R .

' r m A t t s t t t A gr i s ( t i cep s La . uf ed gra sy plan wi h er minal c t t c of brown bra s , wi h fuga ious yel low ﬂo wers . Ba lestier M c places , , plain a pherson road Changi ,

Tekon g .

/rwn t . Ba les tier e . X . sc oi des Mar plain , R ser voir H E L A R 7 0 T F O R OF SI NGA PO E .

CO MM E L INA C ICZ E ,

u r o o n usi s E H it . P P o l l z a s z y e nd l . erb , ﬂowers wh e Jungle , u lau

Ubin .

’ ’ r r L R A u n o a . ur Co mmel r a u h ﬂ u m pu t . Com mon weed blue ﬂowers opening in th e e a rly morning and

S a . wi thering . Com mon al l o ver ing pore W n /m l en s i s L . t t C. be y eed i n cul iva ed ground , ﬂowers

G . Tanglin , alang

’ ’

ma n u l z l o r u zn B r . S t t A n ez l e f mal l weed wi h pink ﬂowers , was e 'l‘ d . groun , anglin

' ' i n a tu m Br l va . . A . g elok K urau

o rres ti a mo l l i s H . Se ta wa . A t t t t F assk al l erec plan abou , w t a 4 e t t k c . f e high . i h whi e ﬂo wers and pin psules i n B uk it Ti ma h Ta m en is Common j ungles , , Tanglin , p ,

Reservoir , Pu lau Ubin .

ma r i n a l a H . S t t t t . F . g assk ou creeping plan , ﬂowers whi e Cap B Tnn a h t . su le purple . Rocks , uki

B . . S . a no ti s cr z s ta ta . . Cy C C andy shores Changi , Tel uk K u ra u

D S t s a n dens L . F l oscol m c ou r a mp po s , Tanglin , Galang .

F L E A I A G LL R E ZE .

n d a L R t B t F i dget/a r i a i i c . o an inni . S ems used for making n a n ba s k e ts . Com mo in mangrove swamps d o ther place s

t h e . B P b . near sea ajau , Changi , ulau U in

v a r mi n o r Seli ta r B . . Ju rong , , ajau

n / m u i m n Bl . B u a t t e i i c . S u s m Com mon in j ungle uki t Ti mah , Chan Ch u K ang PA NDA Ns a c

s f M s l r u u G . t P a n da n u a o c rp rif engk uang . The bigges spe e t 40 t t U c ies her , of en fee high wi h very long lea ves s ed

Ka an s a nd ta e t t etc . for j g , a ps , bask s , ha s , Com mon al l

- . i h a . over Singapore , sw mps ‘

T L R 1 7 2 II E F O A OF SI N G A POR E .

M S . t t tt Perak , un gei Ujon g and alacca This is a very d is inc li le i S th e s t to m a le l a n ts pecies , and one of smal le kno wn me . The p v a m et t are ery rare . I h ve only wi h one , and have ne ver see n ripe frui t.

Three other Pa n da n s occu r here wh ich I canno t a t presen t t iden ify .

P . a P Irel i o s b t t t t c u . u t o h ne r . p K urz wi h very shor s yles t e t h i t a t t e t . W d frui , lea ves broad and very horny p oo s , B t uki Timah .

S t a t 5 t t d ems slender bou fee al l much branche , leaves u t d 3 c t narrow fr i cy lin ric inches long and one in h hrou gh , t c S Carpel s smal l narrowed in o a single urved pine . B t S t B t . reams , uki Mandai , uki Timah

A ta l l t t 1 0 t t l a u o u l ea v es plan abou fee h igh , wi h long g c s 1 c t deﬂ ex ed t . t 5 % in h broad , i ps Frui s abou in a S s t t c 3 c l o n pike subglobo e on a s ou peduncle , ea h in hes g, c t t S c c c carpels a u mina e in o a long pine oni , orange olor. Formi ng large t hicke ts in swam ps near B uki t Mandai on

th e road to Kranji .

o n u ti l i l A t F r g/ ci n ema a g s /o a B . slender cli mber wi h narrow

o fte o v e ri n t ma t . t c t lea ves , n c g rees like a S pa hes apri o B k i t Ti ma h K . G u . orange common , arden j ungle , , ranji

’ ‘ T l n L S t F Ga w h c/m udz en . . . eaves broader pa hes yel lo w Com B m n B t t . o , uki Mandai , uki Timah , K ranji

' ' ? nsrr m s Bl A t t c t th e F . i / very s ou cl imber m u h bi gger han G a t . . o hers Thick woods rden jungle , Chan Chu K ang ,

Chua Ch u K ang . P A L MjE .

' - Co mm o n l c ul ti B t n u t. a a l cc/m L P a . A r ec C . in ng e el y ,

n o t to . v a ted, i t does seem be known wild any where )

l i a r o ro n a / a B Sel t . P i u m rga c . Rare ,

‘ R m tt . t P ( i ts / i con Bl . A t . d warf pal m wi h o led leaves a her

Selita r . rare , THE FL O R A OF SI NG A P O R E 1 7 3

’

l n . M a a ra a S A t . P . cheff a l l slender pal m Chan Ch u Kang

woods .

? P a ra dox a Sc . a an . . p heff R re , Chan Ch u K g The on l y speci men 1 have closely resembles this plan t whi c h is o ther w s a t a t i e na i ve of ou r hil ls t fee upwards .

“ r r a B L t o mo h . P . p l / p ecc Singapore obb doub less an error for

P e nang .

’ n d/a n dz a na Afa s P A on a l V e . l a ccen i s . 1 N g var inang U mu . bou t 5 t t t c s a di v a fee al l frui bla k on a red p . F lowers cre m W et G colour . woods common , arden road , Chan Ch u

K ang .

” ’ r B c i t l z o r a bi s s z o o rens i s . Ker n i n A t t P yc p i g p e c . uf ed pal m t ta A a t 0 t . G abou 1 fee l l bund n i n dry woods , arden

B t . j ungle , uki Timah

F - “ / l . Cyr l osta c u/ s [La / ea Becc The sealing wax pal m . Pinan g W et t h e a Rajah . places near sea , com mon , K ranji , To s ,

Chua Chu Kang .

O n os et ma Iz o r r i da Sc . B . A t c p heff ayas big horny pal m , G B c . t om mon i n dense jungle arden j ung le , uki Timah .

r e a G . L th Ba A c . e 0 . riff N ibon g ike b u t t t t yas , wi h drooping leaves , and smaller frui . Qui e l a m n . dis tinc t from th e Javanese 0 . ﬁ e l osa Bl wh i c h is B t made a synonym in Flor . ri . Ind . The wood is used a t i n bui lding and for m ny o her purposes . Common i e tc M u t h e . t sual ly near sea , K ranj , The alays dis inguish t c th e Len o u se veral o her spe ies under names of , Ibas , and B P b u t t n o t t o to S c i c ayas adi , hey do seem me be pe if al ly t t dis inc .

’

. t S t m t Igu a n u ra geo n o mmfo r mz s Becc No common . rea s i n h ick M B t B t . jungle , uki Timah , uki andai

’ ' l r l l rz . I r r a e sz s B . . cc ecc Rare , Chan Chu K ang

’ ’ ﬁ l “ L b t a / u H . S 1 . lV l rcb z a a ook . ingapore ob eviden ly an

error for Penan g . 1 7 4 T H E L R o r S F O A I NGA PO R E .

’

A e a a /z o r r er L e r n s cc a . S a ( g f abil l Kabon g , u g r pal m , is com u c t t d mo ly u l i va e . )

a r t o m mi ti s L . C Tuk us . G R / our Common in woods , range oad, B uki t Timah .

O r a n ra ma cro r l o du s t . Ebo l A n b 1 Mar . oble palm a ou t 10 feet

t . R S . S t a t al l are in ingapore ome rees Chan Ch u Kang . M a u t P ore b ndan in ulau Ubin .

t n W mb “ Ni a r u i ca s ur . . t p f Nipah Common i n i dal m ud, al l a “ ro und Si n g pore . I have fou nd fru i ts of this in th e th e B t G swam py grou nd of o anic ardens near C l uny road , showing tha t th e Buki t Timah s tream was formerly tida l t a a s t and sal as far in l nd his .

' ' l A t P rwm x S p. fe w plan s of a wild date occu r sca ttered abou t S n a t a b u round i gapore , To s and elsewhere , t I have never

‘ t o et t been able g frui s or ﬂowers .

' B - l er nea c Pa . A t t L rcu a a f ruf/ i ec . las s em less pal m wi h c oran ge olored ﬂo wers and pink frui ts . Common in j un

G B t i . gle , arden j ungle , uki T mah , Chan Chu K ang

' l r l l a G A tt t L . r l . S p u/ riff very pre y d warf pecies , local , h ick

woods , Changi .

' s n osa W r mb W P L . r u . p oods , u lau Ubin .

“ a c utz cla t S a L e t L . ﬁ Mar ing pore obb viden ly an error for

Pe nang .

’

A t . 40 t t L i r rs/ o n a Ir z ngi a na Bec c . al l pal m abou t fee or more wi h

S . D large fan haped leaves ense woods , Choa Ch u K ang , Toas Kranjr

a Co l umn s . The Rotans so ex tensively ex por ted from Sing pore ' to th e Co l u m n s Dwmo uor o s Jr o r tlm l s i a belong genera , p , , ( fera to l o t u s and They inhabi t dense fores ts c li mbing to th e tops of tree s b y th e aid of their tho rny to t c t flagel la or whips . These flagel la are used pro e t - t e t th a t t to th e frui re s from ba s , e nati ves t aching hem branches and bunches of frui ts in such a way tha t th e ba ts h t t ear their wings when t hey fly t o t e ree .

1 6 T L R S R E 7 II E F O A O F IN GA PO .

D l o n i es t. . Ch u B u t a g p Mar Chan Kang , ki Ti mah , M n l a t Changi

D o /c s . c ck a ms Te m Sel i ta r y . Rare , .

’ D n z t l N b . cri a B . o t ut r rare , I have never seen ﬂowe s or fr ui ts . t c B t Ro an Chin hin , uki Ti mah , Chan C hu Kang .

' l n B l . D . a e e s cc Chan Ch u Kang .

“ ' Z a l r a co n er ta G A P . A cc . , f riff . sam ayoh Kel ubi very t t i n horny pal m , com mon in wa er j ungles , formin g close C t c t t c t . l u hi ke s , frui very a id , sold and ea en by Malays n B y road , Chan Ch u K ang , uki t Mandai .

‘ l /r D Z V a l z c i a n a t . . B t B t . l Mar ryer woods uki Ti mah , uki Man

da i .

' / tra B t Ko r t ra l s i a ec/rz n o me ecc . C li mber wi h very large s wol len

t t t . t i wu shea hs inhabi ed by an s Flowers and frui s unkn .

a B t . R re , uki Ti mah

t S t . G s a h i er a . t K. o p g Mar Ro an e mu Common , arden j un g le ,

A t t . B uki t Ti mah . good ra an ’ B K a el l o r z s Mi . t . . ﬂ g q uki Mandai , Chan Chu Kang

If o l s l a c/r s t . B t . . p y y Mar uki Timah

B li a r . B . t e t Cera i o /o bus Ki ngi a nu s ecc uk i Ti mah , S

t D . A P l ecl ocomi a G r ifi tlz u Be c c . Ro an ahan very large c s tou t rattan . The flowers prod u ed in an enor mous i h fl o rescen ce of pendu lous S pikes 8 feet long wi th c lose dark " th e l a n t brown sheaths flowers , each p is u nisex

th e t t . ual , and ﬂowering s ems die a way af er ﬂowering

Common in a l l th e woods .

Ker o n . B i s co r é ec/ri n i B . t t t M yr i a l ep S ecc Ro an g uki Mandai ,

eli ta r i . S , K ranj

‘ R u u /r z t R o ttb J] . i l r l n a a s . The Sago pal ms I l el r o g/ o S g and p Mar , ” t B o ra s su s a bel l i er L. t h e t t h e Lon ar , ﬂ j , and Cocon u ,

L t a ted . Coco s Nu czfem . are cu l iv here “ l l l . T F L O RA OF S ING A PO R E . 1 7 7

A n icz e o m .

o r n e cm a ta c V d t i n t d C ryp to c y Fis h . ery abun an i al m ud . w l ' r a re l o duc ed r etc . F lo ers very y p . K anji ,

‘ h r t S c tt. A t c t t e t e 0 . ho qua i in s reams in fo es s of n b t to t h e almos t lockin g t hem . S pa hes submerged u p t t t m t e t d c . u ou h , ub whi e , li mb ark rimson pus u lar Fr i s ' '

n . G d R B t Tnn a h l o a pi k Com mon , Tangl in , ar en oad , uki , P K ayoh , ranji , Choa Chu Kang .

” P i / i tr a i n { L Kia mba n W t ul a te x n s / es . . t e t c c th d The a er l u e , is b th tc y e Chinese to feed pig s . Com mon in di hes .

' T li o m u m B a r ba r /i i i Sc tt A t : yp y ho . weed in was e ground

' z ﬂ t A mm / o /m l l us P i a z m z H . l B p ﬁ ook . uki Timah . L A s . R s B t . . p eaf only seen . e ervoir , uki Ti mah

' ' o l o ca s i a a n ti uo r u m L Ke la i i A l o ca s i tt m a c r o r i /u z a C q . , a nd ' ' m b a S t t c ul ti x a ted S c tt A . a c ho and o ho are com mon ly , / cc s A . u l a m Sc t c c and o ur as garden e capes . c cu ho t o urs

i n t t t c . was e ground i n Tanglin , also doub less in rod u ed

l a u m l i W o si de u a t n ] R . t t t c a E g . K eladi mau i h has a e l eaves deep gree n wi th pa l er nerves en tire and pel tate i n s t w t c i n t . t seed lings , em mo led i h ol ive , is ommon woods

and banks al l over S ingapore .

“ A . l un i /o ba Mi S W c g q. ingapore al li h , is probably erroneou s l y localised .

’ A l o n em a a d . E m tz um Br . t t 1 to 2 e t g N . wi h s ems f e tal l and w- d n a t th e to narro eep gree lea ves p , is very co nn n o n i n

‘ ’

. B t n dense woods uki Timah , Chan Ch u Kang , Cha gi , P u lau Ubin .

A . o bl o n i u i u t A t t t t g f l m S c ho t . s ou plan wi h dark green lea ves ﬂ eck ed t t . Co nnn o n th e n wi h whi e in swam ps i n j u gle . B t M L Chan Chu Kang , uki andai , Changi , oyang .

mi n u s H . ﬁ l A a ook . d w rf species , leaves of ten mot tled wi th a e p l r color , or [ale or dark green . Com mon in wet j un 23 1 8 THE L o r ic 7 F O R A s rx c a r o n .

. G R l l uki t g les arden oad , Kranji , Ch ua Ch u K an g , M B ‘ t . andai , uk i Ti mah l l o ma l o men a s a l b e b i a J un h ' i l . Ke la n a n De m g/ / g o y i g . nse swa e S e l i ta r B t py j ungl , , Changi , uki Timah .

II. r l es en o s n co r u c s . d . J ugh Com mon in jungle , he g es and ba k s B t T a i li r e ta . Tanglin , Changi , uki im h , K ranj , S

' m / ti \V i II a H . e t . l t s : . p ook swampy woods . Common , K ranj , ! s \ i i k it . n Mo Timah , Toa , g Kio , Ju rong .

l t. H ﬁ . A d t p u mi l a ook . smal l plan lea ves e ep vel ve y green

c to c t . i n or purple a cordin g lo al i y Common woods , a nd B t l i a . Se t r R l . very variable uki Ti mah , , eser voir woo s

’

G n / lu i H . ﬂ l . th i c k u e B t ﬁ ook Common in j ngl , uki Timah , t o l S l i a B G e t r. uki Mandai , Tanjong ,

' w ' l a n o . ti . s . N t H Ki n i z H . S s . g ook ingapore , p ( K ing ) seen W 1 a ta H ﬁ l S in No t . 1 . o r ook . . gapore al lich seen

’ r A ‘ l t t t t z h a o ens z s . t t H . s g p Regel al oge her doub ful plan , cul i va ed

i n Russia .

f ' ' l V i ﬂ l D s u to o ttz s a l l c/z i i H . S ch i sma g ook . en e j ngle in ra v i nes

t B t C a . abundan . uki Timah , h n Ch u Kang

l o n z es Mi . L t t t t S . g p q eaves ova e corda e dark green wi h a l igh t A k t h e c . t ro r v green bar running round en re bundan ,

B t . ravines . uki Ti mah

/ m n t u m S c tt o n t e l nd u m o a n . A mu e ho C li mbin g r es lo w down .

G B t . Com mon , arden j ungle , uki Ti mah

’ ' ’ u t P o l /1 0 3 Il l a ia \V I l /z os ei a fi a u l i s i m c t . r o ( med . c A . S ho / al l of l a G a rdens . The young p a n t g ro ws ﬂ t o n tre es and ro c ks wi th close s e t dis tic h o us vel ve ty green lea ves and has long b t v t u l r i n E r een cul i a ed n e th e las t name u ope . This fo r m grad ual ly pass e s i n to th e adu l t whi c h has s t a lke d b t s n s t N t lo ed and perfora e lea ves l ike tho e o f M o er “ . o

a B t J Bida l a ri R . r re , uki Ti mah , urong , , eser voir woods

’ ' s f s w r n t b b o cm l up us p i c u s Ha sk . A wel l kno n o n a me a l c li m e r t ree tt s l C i n o d wi h g n leaves mo led wi t h i ver . ommon w o s l 8 0 THE L O R A S R F OF I NG APO E .

a S el i ta r t i Timah , Ch n Chu Kang , . I doub th s being dis ’ B n t c t, N te el in from l ume s e . l a .

DA C EAE NAIA .

Na e m n o r A l l D tc G d s f n : m i . o te e c t s t i hes , ar en , a p rfe re in t h e G d ar ens lake .

E IO A JE R C UL O NE .

u m F r i o ca l s e rm n /a r e L. V r a o e y common al l over Sing pore .

mm Il [l a s F . 11 u n m . t am mp sandy spo , common . Tanglin , Ta m en is B t Ka n cr r , uki Ti mah , Chan Ch u .

CY P E R A C ICJE .

l i R a l r a . t a t c i m c . a y Nees a re , s ndy spo s C hedr l close .

me n o s i er ma . t i n a If. l a . / Nees are , lon g damp gr ss Tang l in .

- b V c K br a o l i o Ro tt . . . {f ery om mon , whole island ’ b \V h l o o e . m o n o cep m l a R t t . island

’ s t Sel i ta r P c reus m l cns . R y Nee are , damp sandy spo s , , Changi .

P o s ta cb u e Bea uv . V y c t . p lg/ y er ommon , was e ground and o ren

t . l a mi n r us . . spo s , v ar ﬂ Marshy grou nd

‘ Q s / V I Li m, L c o t V h o C /pﬁ u [ p . ery om m n i n marshy spo s . \ l e

island .

I V B t ( i i l m s . S . 0 . /f ah l andy woods , uki Ti mah

r a di a n s . Sea . C. Nees shores , Changi

' ' l s L i n t d is l a n . o n i e s us . C. c p Com mon was e groun , whole

’

W d t t a . Ir z a L . e C . e of cul i va ion , whole isl nd

di s / a ns L . V c t . C. ery om mon i n was e ground

' B a le tie r l cn si s La m . t b t s C. z l a l a cc Muddy spo s y idal ri vers ,

plain .

f W e t a . i o su s V . t C. p ahl or damp spo s , whole isl nd T HE L R S R F O A O F I N G A PO E . l 8 i

’ ba u a n u s Mi Ca n tl e t c . s t . q y col lec ion , no local i y

’ l n e C . Z o l z r i S t . st . g eud Common , wa e ground near vi l lages V C. r o tu m l us L. d t ro u n l ery common wee , gardens and was e g

’ ’ ’ e C / o m r us Reta. ea n . s o S R u . f sand , Tanjo g , Changi

g e Dr e ea n u e Kth Co zn mo n a n l c th e . Ma ri en f/ . s y pla es near sea Ba l t es ti er C . Tanjong Ka ong , plain , hangi

' " ’ l m i u u s V . V i n t Jl . ( S yp ah l ery com mon dry spo s , al l over inga

pore .

’ ' b a n u e tV l i r z . a te G . [. S e e s . Nees grou nd , Tangl in , alang l s n s h Ro a be e G . t e . Jf. l c aud Com mon near sea Tanjong Ru ,

B . chore , ajau

' ' P m r e li a u s s ]. G l z c o c . J . p re alang

' F l co / z v r i a a uf B C V co n mo n o c m r s a e t l ffo r a C . g , var . / . ery i n p nds B M t R r . and marshes , Tanglin , eservoi , lakang a i , Changi

os f i N G L el i ta r F . o c/i r a c/ s S t . o t g/ eud rare , arden ake , Changi . S , i Ti vol .

Ta m n i ca i l a ta B r. L e s . E . p ocal , Changi , p , Teban

Ro ei n tc e F ch o efa r i a . . Com mon i n di hes , Tangl in , Chass riau

E t t el i ta r. s a e , S h t e . istu l osa c t s . L . E . f S h ul e ocal Marshes round reser voir

B l s ier r a e t . F i mbr i s tyl i s tetr ago na B . plain ' B M t B t m n ta V . nab . f s a cu i a F z ri s y l i ahl Common , lakang a i , uki

Timah , Changi .

F s ta ea B t . R . . e c en h are , Tangl in

wu 'm i s V D t B t B t F . . ah l amp sandy spo s , uki Ti mah , Changi , uki

B t . Mandai , lakang Ma i

S t i n o u ci o r a Br . F . p ﬂ Com mon al l over ingapore in urf , and

damp spo ts .

di V S . /z l l a V . F . p y ah l ery com mon al l over ingapore 1 8 2 T HE L R O F S F O A IN G A PO R E .

V s a r. L w et a . B t a a ong gr s uki Tim h , Ch n C h u Kang .

’ n s l z s V D t e ti r a . c t ahl amp ul i va ed ground , Tangl in .

emur {u m V . i i f / ah l T da l ri ver mud . K ranj , Chan Ch u Kan g ,

P u lau Ubin .

/ F . S a t m m R t S a n l S t a th o . e sea c . S e l i ta r p o h y po s ne r , om mon , B u i t Ma i k ndai , K ranj , Changi .

bl / u t i i i . o u m S t a nd n e mr . i l u i f n o t var andy spo s , rare , Tang B t lin , Jurong , uki Timah , Ch ua Chu K ang .

.e m B \V M . F ( i wr r i a . o o ds B t . / oeck , uki andai

’

l V V co . n m o n dr F . m i u cea t S r ah l . ery in y spo s al l o ver ingapo e .

' o u K li . gl t u os t . Com mon Tanglin .

No t om l mi a ta L . . B t G . F . c p ink very common o anic ardens Chan

Ch u a Ba les ti e r a . K ng , pl in

e / f t S t t l tl t a B . . B F . l O p en h Com mon in sandy po s Tangl in , uki t l ti r a a n Ba es e . Tim h , Cha gi , pl in

' l s h B u l / o / l i s ba r ba ta K un th . Common every where in sandy spo ts

’

l h Ca n tl e s c c t t t c t . B ubei u a Kt . . p I n y ol le ion , w i hou lo ali y

tc s r o n a l u s L. S ci rp us mu c Com mon in pool s and di he , Reser voir

Ch a n Ch u Kang .

D c a t W S t B t r e i n . . t os u s L . S c . g fi l Rare i h ayang a u , uki Ti mah o R ad .

b t . F u i r en a u ni bel /a m Ro tt . Com mon in s wam py spo s

r r Br we t t a l l th e i o /i a n t R . L p ca p a ge ea . Common i n spo s over

island .

’

L ma r o ba Kth L c B t. Ma ndai a n d th e B t c c e l a . . . p o al uki , on uki

i G . Timah road near Kranj , alang

' ' ' /l N I -Q V / i n h ea tl i s t R j/ t t O PO G l l Qi l i cli i a n a Kth . Common dry y po s . n n S e li ta r J S M . uro g , u gei orai ,

THE L R o r S R 1 8 4 F O A I NG A PO E .

’ s l m i P \V et t n . i a . l . : e c b t y oir spo , Cha gi , Tangl in

’ ' V r i i a t . t t ca r z cz Ben h ery common , pa hs and u f , and dam p l l S a spo ts . A over ing pore .

l a ter a 70 m Be . . S ol . l/ k ler Kalang , Tanglin

' R wet t z d ]. S . o ry o z es Pres are , po s , Chan gi

a n a na Mi . i n u t e tc . S ol . b c q Com mon open co n ry , Tangl in ,

B c No t . B t S o l . oe k . u ncom mon in woods uki

m G . Ti ah , arden j ungle

V c t s mna tr en s i s Re tz . ery com mon in open ou n ry al l over

th e island .

i n O e t t u . l aws Re tz . Com mon dry p n spo s and was e gro nd l d \V h o e islan .

‘

B . r osta c/i s Brn n . L i n t t Ca rer cy l y g ocal , a s ream on uki Ti mah

G RA M INEJE .

’ ’ s i t 'n L P a p a i um scr o bz cu l i u . Com mon every where . V ' bl n B . c m i n o n r b a t P . o u a ti o n o o c c j g erg ery , p y in rodu ed .

P . di s ti c/i um B . t i n t m ud th e urm P len ifu l sal all rou nd island , B a . T njong Ru , ajau

P La m . t . Com mon every where in was e ground .

i i l n r i t . P . o o m t gﬂ Re z Com mon in was e ground .

/ i i W \V Isa c i e t . et w . B t M n places in oods uki a d ai ,

Chan Chu Ka n g , Jurong .

a u tr m m I. s a l i s R . Br . V i n s e t . ery co on mar hes , Tangl in , c

' W I. mi l z a c ea R t . et t B o h spo s in woods , Tangl in , uki t Ti mah

R a ti th S e l i a r . o d m ile , t

' - P a n icu n c r us u I/z L. c t ] H u t t t g Rare , col le e by l le t wi hou t local i y

’ I o l o n u w L. a . c Com mon in w ste ground. T l l F. L R OF S F O A I NG A PO R E . l 8 5

P ( He i n /1 m L No t . e . B t 3m Common , uki Mandai , Changi , Tangl in .

n L. P . r e e s p Common , Tanglin , Reservoir , Changi .

’ u s I . ( u n i / m P s . W e t O e n S t A n Mo re l , p po , Reservoir , Changi , g

K io .

' '

P . z i i di c um L. t Com mon , was e ground .

’ m u r s B D t P . os o z cl e r . A n M O i y i ches , g K io , K ranj .

do n Ktli H P n o a . . s t c t Ch u . edges and h i ke s , Tanglin , Chan Kang

i P r a l l i u oi . m n Hi l l P . o r o G av er n e t . j oi Rare ,

P sa r mcn / os u m . W G S . Roxb oods , range Road , Changi , umba

wang .

f n s s Dr s P . l u o n e e . d t d Pre l y road i es and was e groun , Tangl in ,

P o l en s L S d S t B t h . p . ha y po s , Tangl in , uki Ti ma , Chua

Kang ,

R ds G s etc P . m es . B t . p p Nees oa ides , uki Ti mah , arden ,

’ ' l . l i l i o l z um L D t / . amp , shady spo s , Tanglin .

’ A x o n o u W a s ci mz ci n us Bea uv . t p s e ground , Tanglin , Chan

K ang .

ta r i a l a u a uv W a t n n S e ca Be . c . A g s e ground , ommon Ta glin , g

Ch u . Mo Kio , Chan Kang

/ s c T i u a r a n t . t e sa r m e Pe h e . o a s Sandy places near sea , lo al ' ‘

G l el uk . Changi , alan g , K urau

‘

L eers i a li ex a i u l ra S w. Com mon in marshes , whole island .

L e ta s s l i i u rc co a t i R Br . D w B t p p . ense oods , uki Ti mah , Chan gi , Ch Chan u Kang .

P erati s Ai t . Sa n d t n Ga y places , Ca hedral compou d , lang , Chang ‘

‘ Z s a n o z u ens \V i lld. an a h e a y p g Common in tu rf d ne r t se . THE L R S N R E 1 8 6 F O A OF I G A PO .

' “ ’ - “ o m: L rtcli r ma J o bz L Ji lei O c C y Job s Tears , . c urs in t was e ground . )

' m e m t/i o o da Dr Di eri o r . B t p Trin y sandy spots , Tangl in , uki l t a . V a r. S u a n / 10 m s u b ui e ta a i r ec H . Tim h road . var . p j ckel Ch a ngL

’ ’ ' l n o Im z i u i a a r a n r z ea . L P r b th e p c Cyril l alang . o ably com t t th e d mones plan in islan .

“ /ta B n n . L I. er a m r . g alan g Ja wa Common , usual ly near l i a r B Se t . abandoned vil lages , , ajau , Chua Ch u Kang

’ s S I memu m r u o s m . G c u . ; al isb Rare , alang

‘ ma n w a B t Ba l e tier I. . s G . y Rend le lakang Ma i , plain , al an g I c l t i t L b have also ol ec ed in a uan .

m m n I i u i L . c . . Com mon every where

- f V l sid . i l i a e R t . Ro a es t . I. c e z , and ur ery com mon

I ti moren se Kth . R i . . oadsides , Tanglin, K ranj

' B a n d l / t t l a n du l osa . t c t R o ttboe z g Trin orders of woods hi ke s ,

a Ba P . Ch n gi , jau , ulau Ubin

t t G a K h . S a r o i o n s eurl o ra a . Bla A n d p g p g / andy places al ng , Ch ngi ,

kang Mati .

V t e c a i cu l rl u s t . e o t . . A . c Re z ry c m mon i n urf , , every where

i ; L S t th e . o n toru . A . c andy spo s near sea , Changi

‘

t/ n W . Dr t s r i a e s . A n ﬂ n ri i m il ld y open spo s Ch inese cemetery ,

Sepoy lines .

i s t - s D / A . r . r i l l a . A i a ted t . . m var very al l reedlike gra s y spo s g , l o i l a Ba l es tier t Si o s . For , S g p, plain

’

l t a s roemors a H c . G t . Cli asseri au P o y r z p a k rassy spo s Tangl in ,

Es tate .

e W et t iti n Sph o ero ca ryum el ega n s N e s . pa hs j u gle common Ki o i n . Kranj , A g Mo

’

r s Mt. F A n G L. o ebo l u s i n lz cu . Sp r aber , g Mo Kio , Tanglin , alang

1 8 8 ‘ THE L R S R F O A OF I NGA PO E .

‘ ' ’ s B Gl ez c/i eu i i t l i u ei tr i . G l . di /ro to ma W e . urm il ld Resam , c o m o n S m al l o ver ingapore .

A l vo h i l i t l i ttebro s a H . e t i t p ook Tree f rn , s e n abou 5 fee t tal l and h 2 n c t . i n i hes rou gh Com mon dam p woods . Buki t h J o K B t M a Ch Ti ma , ur ng , Chan Chu ang , uki and i , oa Ch u

K ang .

7 7 No t ra t 0 771 5 1 H . e B l A . 0 t a S e i ta r ook , uki Ti m h , Juron g, , Chan

Ch u Kang .

k R a Ri dl e i Ba . A . S a . y re , ungei Mor i

- t a t n ose Bl V B t L e cm o er i s c . o t t c p ery rare , on l f y rees , uki Timah ,

’ u Hymen op . i g/ l l m Com mon on trees a n l rocks i i i t hi c k

. B t a B S woods uki Timah , Kr nji , Changi , ajau , ungei a Mor i .

w II dei i /i cu l ti tu m S . No t n . . commo , mangro ves , K ranj i

S l ita r B m Nec z z H k . e t . H . s oo , uki Ti ah

B t sp . uki Mandai

Tri c/i o ma n es nm s co i j es S w . t c B t . o ks , uki Ti mah

Tr J u ra u z c u m Bl . st m i i i . . Terre rial , very com on al l dam p woods

' ' i i l u m S w L c B t n r . I t . T j/ ess ommon , uki Ti mah , Toas , K ra j i , r w e l ita n M . S ungei Morai , S , Tanjo g era an

Tr . l i cu l a B ur . Li u i cl a fu n Po r c ﬁ y p i . Creeping on ro ks

a n d t e n o t B t i Ch u re s , very com mon , uki T mah , Chan

a . K n g, K ranji

m u Bl a t B a a . r a xi nw . T . R e , j u

i e i t . Tr d i l u l u S w . . g m ar , K ranj

' ' ’ " “ - l i Her a Ir . a /m u m Po . S e m p m ingapore , M oor s b riu fi l e B n o t s eddome een .

Il u mttl a li ct r o /i i i l t w n t e a n d th e r d i n c p / i S . O r es on g ou n sand y t C B a m i S . T en s n B u t po s ommon , Changi , ajau , p , K ra j i , ki

Timah . 9 T HE F L O R A O F S I NG A PO R E . 1 8

‘ M r Ul l a l l h l l . II. ( i i i i i s l ct ta \V . O n t e S C g al l re s , ungei o ai , Kang

’ t dtt ftt w o t i i t i . . S . N B H p common , K a j , ajau l l a r a l l e s \V . M . p l al l . Tanjong eraw a n

’ ' s i o i a Bl . S S H II. essi i c m / ingapore , in lair and Moore s erbariu B n o i n eddome ; t seen .

' ' f r r ti W L eu s z a a u . co e . f/ p al l Mangro ve swamps K ranj i , S ungei B ul uh , Tanjong Merawan .

' “ P ros a l z t t co n ti u rt S w . S a t Be t p g ing pore ide ddome , m us be d t very oub f u l .

’ D l r b a va l i a t a l l a H . O n t t t n o p y ook lof y rees , apparen ly by mean s b l e B u u t ffi c t to ro _ uc . t Sel i ta rare , di u l p ki Ti mah , r , i a n K ji .

w a n O ' D. s o i da l a r i t K S i Mc r a . l S . Se i t Common , , Chua Ch C , ungei

D . l a n s S w. n t t n a n d h e e eg O rees , of e very high , on t sand of h t B . e shores , uki t Ti mah , Changi

’ '

Jl i c ro l u i a vel u u co e L . a A n p s Common on b nks , Tanglin , g Mo h a ' i i P h C Ro c o re. Kio , g , Pasir anjang ,

L i i i t lsa s r e erts Th w . ma t s in t c t y p C l imbing on s l l ree h i k fores .

B uki t Timah .

L n L D L . a c L . D t B r . c a t . y ( ) ense fores , uki Ti mah

Seli ta r .

i ' l o i n n . J . L . ee s is Hook urong

S B . L . r i l a i n gi S . Rare , ungei u l uh

i ' r O we t mm b L . t l te a e Ho o . ut k In pen spots , co on , loca l ,

h Ta m en is B t . C angi , p , uki Mandai

l i n l B L di ver ens W . Co n mo n u t B . g al dry woo s , ki Ti mah , ajau ,

Sungei Morai .

' r B l l l l l W . O n t t L . l uf/ i osa al l rees , Jurong ri ve , ajau , on rees in

th e Bo tanic Ga rdens . TH E L R S N R 1 9 0 F O A OF I G A PO E .

' ‘ fo a / o In im a h b a B t I . P ir . dense woods , uki

u l i a w . t wet Ch u . l en si S . S a t . / In hick woods Chua K ang B B r . . le m di a . S o . e R Rare , Pulau rani

' P Ic tei o / Va Dr . R a t e B a . S ch . e p q/ y , ulau r ni

b l a / m L B . A dz a n tum a el l u u . c . ﬂ anks , C hangi ; Ro ks , Pu la u Ubin A fe w other S pecies have es tabl ished themsel ves as gard e n

es capes .

n t/z es ten ui u l i a S w . t C/z ei a f Common in dry spo s , Tang lin , Chan

Ch u K ang , Pu lau Ubin .

’

l r z s ens i o r mi s B . s s B t m P e j urm Com mon in dry t , uki Ti ah ,

Tanglin , Pul au U bin .

l t H t l o n o i a L t t . P t . n Moun Pleasa n , ( u l le )

’

a u i l an a L . S . P t . q Common al l over ingapore

Th u ti b n n c . L i to br o cbi a i n ci sa . Ta gli ( probabl y an es ape)

o - s t a n Cer a t p ter i s {It a l i an ai l es L. Com mon i n di ches d sluggis h l t S e i a r . s treams . Tanglin , , Changi ’ L V o i n ta e . B l ecl m u m r e l ery common in open places , Tangl in ,

B t etc . uki Timah ,

’

B F i n l a so n z a n u m \V . t R B t . y/ al l In si milar l ocal i ies , eservoir , uki

Ti mah , Chan Ch u K ang .

' B i u l l um R H tt . se r a ic . . h Singapore ( u l le )

’ ' ' l lz a mn o i ter is m da s L t S . h l Common on rees al l over ingapore , t e ' h m n sa e o l z a t e c t . large form var. f is ommones form

A s l em u w S u a mu l a tu m 81. c e th e t b u t p q M u h res mbles las , has a W t . et t creeping s e m woods , usual ly growing on s um ps , B t uki Ti mah , Chua Chu Kang .

A l o n i s i mmn Bl . s . O n t B . y roo s of amboos , Tanglin

' . W A . t l l ct n t l B e m . G Fors oo s , common , arden j ungle , uki t Timah ,

A n g Mo K io .

THE F L R A O F S I - H 1 9 2 . IE O G A P .

/ o z W . D N. u r l l u m B t p y al l ense jungle , uki Timah .

l e D o mo l . e a c es v C mmon i n op n pl es , Tanglin , Chua Ch u

Se l i ta r P a B i Kang , , u l u ran .

’ V a m m n en r r . a G i s H e . . reen il l , tc

V a r . r o u r r ens G n H p c . ree i l l .

V r . i z No t a d d mo so u m . y rare .

en n i m-u m Bl p g . Chan Chu K ang .

' / u m W S W a Hi h n tea . c o al l ingapore t seen .

lz etm’o ca r o n Bl G H H tt p . reen i l l ( u l le

o m B l M o /l m o \ l a r u . ag a a l a a, l B t: N. B V o o .l c o l c r . s p y p p y p , uki

Ti mah .

l a i ebrosu m Kz e . B t uki Timah .

' u u a l u S a H tt. Ir c m Pres . ing pore ( ul le

‘ ' o l r i s ex t l l a l a L N pbr p . Common in open coun try al l o ver

Singapo re .

’ s r o l ubz l i s J . S i n . b ush e R ) ch o re N. C limbing o ver , , i S un gei Mora . S H tt N n n / a . . . o Presl ingapore u l le )

’ H a s t s d t a t t Du i . N. ﬁ es abl i he i sel f Changi and a few o he r

places .

l o l er i s B a r ber H B t . Di c g/ p i ook . uk i Ti mah

i ' D di n m ; Bl . i . B t . ﬂ uki Ti mah

F o b o di u m deco ru m B c t /p ra k . Common on rees , mangrove swamps ,

B . K ranji , S un gei u l uh , Toas

P s ’ . l r c f U l l um Bak . V S p a / ery rare , Trees on erangoon Road Mur ton

’

P . a ds ers u I s / u Bl [Ierba ri in B d m B P e i er m . u e p . and . g in Moore s (

dome ) , probably wrongly local ised . T HE L S F O R A OF I N GAP O RE . [9 3

h ’ Go n i n l elz i u m ver ru co m m D “ . t B p al l am p open spo s , uki t Man dai P P , asir anjang .

Ni /z o bo l w a dn a s cens W S . O n t a p rees , Changi , P ul u Ubin .

N a crosi i c/z oi tl es S w . G . arden j ungle , Chan Chu K a ng .

N . en n s a i m u H . p g ook Rare , K ranj i .

Di ter H s e f l Br A ; p i s or ﬁ l n . bundan t on rocks and bank s over th e sea a l l h hanging , round t e island from Pasir Panjang to P l z Changi , also on u lau Tekong and o t er islands in th e t t S rai .

’ L n na e r D na r a i a B . n tr S r i O era n o o s. y ory ees , Changi , g , Toa ) I . u r i l m L n t a e c o i u . O . q f rees , To s D S l en den s H k . B . p oo Singapore ( eddome ) .

P l eo el ti s steno /z l l a Bl O n t t B t . p p y . lof y rees , uki Ti mah

P n W io u r . cu r s e si u osa al l . Com mon on trees . This fern is ’ t markable for i ts hol low rh izome al ways ful l of an t s nes s . B t G . ardens , Jurong , uki Timah

’ P l n l z M t M ' . o u a t S gif e . ungei ora

P n st n t s G S . a u a ta S W . g Commo on ree , ardens , ungei Morai , B S Changi , ajau , erangoon .

n t o t P . u a t L c a . . r d s . p P i i i e Hook Common on rees and ba nks .

Si l a S B . Tanglin , g p, ungei u loh , Chan Ch u K ang

P . h m t de V c n t th e n p y a o s L . ery om mo on rees on grou d in dry l t B t Se ita r . spo s . Tangl in , uki Ti mah , , Changi

P . n i r es n Bl \V :l B t . ce s . o o s g . uki Ti mah

‘ ' ’ ’ r - . u o no ra n me I t i n A : r lz o z dea S . g c very smal l hair l ike fern , rocks B t uki Timah .

S n r t z mme W n B t i y g Hook . oods , com mo , uki T mah ,

Seli ta r K etc . , C hua Chu ang ,

S . a l is ma e o l m H L B t Ch u f ook . ess common , uki Timah , Chan

Kang . | 4 THE L R S R 9 F O A O F IN GA PO E .

S e] i n ea F aei H . t m g ook Common on rees , especial ly angroves B t a e c . K r nj i , ajau ,

’ membr a na cea H . S S . H B . ook ingapore , Moore s erb . ( eddome )

m n a r a mme a l o m a n o Gy g c el s . The sil ver fern o c curs here and there

c . as an es ape Tanglin , Chan Chu Kang .

' ' ' Jlfem sci zun fr z /z l u m S W . B S t p y anks of reams , Toa Payoh . i ll us i da tum Bl . c . B p Upper Mandai , uki t Timah , Ch ua Chu n K a g .

‘ A n rr o lz r n f u l tu Ka n l f m r e z c a m . O n t c n o t p / rees and ro ks , common ,

B uki t Timah .

A l n /a n u m Sel i ta r a i e . . . p g Kau lf

’ '

V z l ta r z a nl o n n / a S W . V t G g ery com mon on rees , ardens , Kranj i , s R d et c Thomp on oa , .

V s o o n cl i i u l e P . . c a O n t . p resl rees Ch ua Chu Kang .

' Ta en i tes bl t /m oz des \V i l ld V c . ery common in woods al l over S ingapore .

D r mo s u m z i l u t l es P o n t . g/ gl o s p l se l i resl . Com mon rees e very where

’ JC/ a lz o / m m w n o u l m l z um S . O t p n ﬁ rees in mangrove swam ps . i K ranj . b i en n /l l am a a l m /r e L. c t S a p Common , l im ing over rees and c t c t bushes . The young reepin g form wi h deli a e ﬁ nely f c u ts fronds may be found in w et woods . I o u n d a

c c t Buk t . B c urious fas ia ed form on i Timah o hore , Tanglin ,

B t etc . uki Ti mah ,

' \ R s B t b r a a m l u t m V il ld L . . P o ly o l y pp e i c l . ocal ock , uki Timah

f B t . Gymnop er i s su br ep a n da Hook . uk i Ti mah

l i a n a H B t a H ul let . P r es . G . ook uk i Ti m h ( )

a l l th e / r L t . A cr osti c n un a u eu m . Common in idal mud , on ri vers

No t B P l a n/ cer i u m gr a u de Sm . seen . Singapore ( eddome) .

1 9 6 TH E F L O R A OF S ING A P J R E

8. s . S t B t 7 6 5 4 . p mal l plan , uki Ti mah , No .

' s l o tu m a m \V P z l cci du . O n t i n wa i f al l rees mangrove s mps , Kranj

P co m l a na tu m w. M S n M . p S angroves , u gei orai , K ranj i

R H E E I Z O CA R P A .

’ ' B r A s ﬂ t t D tc mm A z o . l a z m z a ta . . p R mal l oa ing plan . i hes , co on ,

a A n Mo G . T nglin , g Kio , alang

A dden da .

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L udw i z r r t e n . i a z o r R . D c y p ﬂ a oxb i h s , Tang li

' E n / dr z a s idl s a n d tc W R . Com mon in pond d i hes , [I dri l l a t u t. c Tang lin . This ne w gen us mus be p in pla e of y t for which i t was mis aken .