ARTUR YusuPov Lessons ARTUR YusuPov

Chess Lessons Translated and edited by Daniel

© Chessgate AG 2004 www.chessgate.de

All rights reserved. No part of i:his publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any fo rm, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without prior permission.

First published in 2004

Cover design and layout: Art & Satz Ulrich Dirr, Miinchen Page design and layout: Art.& Satz Ulrich Dirr, Miinchen Typeset with PDFTE)( Managing editor: Ulrich Dirr, Miinchen Preparatory work by Thomas Lemanczyk, Solingen Printed and bound by Druckerei & Verlag Steinmeier, Nordlingen

ISBN 3•935748-07-8 v

Contents

Preface -VII 8 - 135 Exercises- 139

1 Back-Rank Combinations - 1 Solutions - 147 Exercises - 3 Score table- 152 Solutions - 11 Score table- 14 9 Improving Piece Position -153 Exercises- 158

2 Candidate Moves - 15 Solutions- 166 Exercises- 18 Score table- 170 Solutions - 24 Practical exercises- 29 10 Trapping a Piece -171 Score table- 34 Exercises - 175 Solutions - 183 3 The Wrong-Coloured -35 Score table- 186 Exercises - 45 Solutions - 52 Appendix -187 Score table- 56 Index of com posers and analysts- 187 Index of games- 189 4 Exchanging Pieces -57 Explanation of symbols - 196 Exercises - 6o Solutions- 69 Score table- 74

5 Passed Pawns in the Middlegame -75 Training material- 79

6 Double Attack -95 Exercises - 100 Solutions- 109 Score table- 113

7 The Process of Elimination -115 Exercises - 119 Solutions- 123 Practical exercises- 126 Score table- 134

VII

Preface

Betw een 1999 and 2002 I produced and published in a small series often training booklets, each one covering a particular chess theme. This experimental project proved quite popular with German-speaking readers, and others too. Many of my chess colleagues liked this fo rm of individual training; and some of them used the material in their classes too. This favourable reaction prompted the idea of an English translation. Although the booklets were aimed at players of differi ng abilities, most wanted the complete set. And that's how these differenttheme s have ended up in one book. You could also look on this diversity as a strength if a reader, with chess ambitions, wants to test his overall ability. Moreover, fo r chess trainers this book provides several ready-made lectures, and many usefu l exercises covering differentaspects of the game, already sorted in terms of their level of difficulty. There are three themes and tests that fa ll under the heading 'tactics': chapter 1, back­ rank combinations; chapter 6, double attack; and chapter 10, trapping a piece. These chapters are, on the whole, the simplest, and players rated below 1500 Elo should probably start with them. Tw o chapters deal with positional themes: chapter 4, exchanging pieces; and chapter 9, improving piece position. Tw o chapters deal with endgame themes: chapter 3, the wrong­ coloured bishop; and chapter 8, zugzwang. These fo ur chapters are more challenging and perhaps suitable fo r players with an Elo above 1500. However, players of any strength could profitfro m studying them. Tw o chapters deal with the question of calculation: chapter 2, candidate moves; and chapter 7, the process of elimination. These themes are more suitable fo r players with an Elo rating greater than 1800. Less experienced players should go through the examples and try to solve the one and two-star positions. Chapter 5 deals with a strategical theme, passed pawns in the middlegame, and contains many additional examples that could also be used by club players as exercises. For more advanced players, it should be enough to play through these examples carefully on the . How should an ambitious player work with this book? I suggest two possibilities: a direct approach; and one based on the difficulty of the exercises. With the direct approach, go through the examples at the start of the chapter, then tackle the exercises. The exercises are marked with stars according to their difficulty. According to your rating, each star gives the fo llowing scoring and thinking time: - Below 1500 Elo, 1 point fo r solving a position in under 10 minutes. - Below 1800 Elo, 1 point and up to 7 minutes. -Above 1800 Elo, 1 point and up to 5 minutes. So, fo r example, an exercise with three stars should take a player with an Elo of 1650 a maximum 21 minutes to solve, and gives him 3 points. At the end of each chapter you will findthe answers, and you can see how well you understood the theme. VIII PREFACE

There are some special exercises in the chapters on calculation that you must play through move by move. the instructions before you tr y these exercises. I also suggest an alternative method of approaching this book - according to the difficulty of the exercises. This method is suitable for players with an Elo below 1500. In each chapter, wor k through the examples, then tr y to solve the positions up to the second level of difficulty. When you have finished the book, come back and consider positions on level three. If you are comfortable with the results, raise the level again. If you find you aren't yet ready for the next level, put the book back on the shelf, do some other chess wor k, but after a couple of months come back and tr y again! But in the end, perhaps the most important thing is not to ta ke all these points too seriously. I hope you will just enjoy the book. Finally, I would like to thank several people who helped to make this project possible: my wife Nadia for her hard wor k on the German version; my chess teacher ; Jurgen Daniel, my publisher, for encouraging the idea of an English translation; and Uli Dirr for the layout of the book and for correcting some mistakes in the or iginal German edition. 1 Back-Rank Combinations

Recognising the early outlines of mating The attacker isn't afraid of sacrificing ma­ combinations is a vital skill. The theme of terial to get a deadly check on the back-rank. the weak back-rank is common, so studying ex­ and double attack are the most ercises of this ki nd should pay off. Although important elements in these combinations. these combinations are, on the whole, fa irly ea sy, they are still striking and impressive. -Jose Capablanca Certain features are typical of this type 1914 of position: 2 •

1) the lack of an escape square for the cas­ a b c d e f h tled king; 8 8 2) the weakness of the back-rank; 7 3) an open fileoccup ied by heavy pieces - they are the main players in these combi­ 6 6 nations; 5 5 4) a passed near to . 4 4 3 3 1 t.I1J 2 2 a b c d e f h 8 8 a b c e h 7 7 d f g 6 6 Conditions are perfect for a back-rank 5 5 . Capablanca seizes his chance 4 4 with a brilliant hit.

3 3 1 • ... Wb6-b2 ! 2 2 A double attack on and . At the same time the white queen is deflected

a b c d e f g h from protecting the important back-rank square d1. Naturally, the black queen ca n­ Here both kings are in danger. The pawns not be captured because of mate. Instead, prevent White's king from leaving the back­ it would have been a mistake to play 1 . ... ra nk. Although Black's king has an escape "Wb6-b1+? 2. "We2-f1�d8 -d1 ?? because of 3. square, it is occupied by the queen. In addi­ �c3-c8+ (Black also has a back-rank prob­ tion, both back-ranks are insufficientlypr o­ lem!). tected. White can mate immediately with 1. 2. gC3-C2 18'd4-d8#, or in two moves, starting with 1. a7-a818'+. Black to play would win immedi­ Or 2. "We2-e1 18'b2xc3! (deflection) 2. ately by 1 . ... Ek1-c8+ or 1 . ... 18'h7-b1+. 18'e1xc3�d8-d1+ and mate. 2 CHAPTER I BACK-RANK COMBINATIONS

2 . ... Wb2-b1 3. We2-f1 Wb2xc2 Black's position is totally lost, but the for­ and White resigned. mer World Champion Xiejun evidently un­ derestimated her opponent's threats . Sud­ Xie Jun- Nana loseliani denly the Georgian loseliani got a brea k to Groningen 1997 win the game and with it last minute qual­ 3 • ification to the candidates' final. However, a b c d e f g h she was slightly short of time and played 37· 8 8 ... cs-q?, missing her big chance. What's so special here? Looking more deeply into 7 7 the position, you can see that White's back­ 6 6 ra nk is only protected by the queen, which 5 5 also guards the rook on f1. loseliani could 4 4 have played 3 3 37· ··· 'Wd4xa41!, 2 2 exploiting the wea kness of the ba ck-rank. Again, White cannot accept the queen

a b c d e f g h . However, even after 38. �b5-e2 .§d1xf1+ 39. �e2xf1 Wa 4xc2 40. a6-a7 .§b8- This was one of the most dramatic and d8 41. a7-a8� .§dsxas 42. Ab7xas cs-q, important ga mes of the whole tournament. Black's win would just be a matter of time. EXERCISES 3 � Exerdses (solut;ons p. 11-13)

• E 1-1 * [1] E1-3 * • a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1-2 * • E1-4 * [1] a b c d e h a b c d e h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 4 CHAPTER I BACK-RANK COMBINATIONS

E1-5 * 11 E1-7 * [1] a b c d e h a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1-6 * 11 E1-8 * [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES s

E1-9 * [1] E 1-11 ** [1] a b c d e a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1-10 * • E1-12 ** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 6 CHAPTER I BACK-RANK COMBINATIONS

E1-13 ** 11 E 1-15 ** I1J a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1-14 ** 11 E1-16 ** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 7

E1-17 ** • E1-19 *** 111 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6 6

s 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1-18 *** 111 E1-20 *** 111 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

8 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 CHAPTER I BACK�RANK COMBINATIONS

E1-21 *** 11] E1-23 *** • a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1-22 *** 11] E1-24 *** 11] a b c d e h a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 9

E1-25 *** 11 E1-27 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1-26 *** rn E1-28 **** rn a b c d e a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 10 CHAPTER 1 BACK·RANK COMBINATIONS

E1-29 ***** • E1-30 ****** Ill a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h SOLUTIONS El-I TO EI-17 II

Solutions

0 E1-1 0 E1-10 Minic - Honfi, Vr njacka Banja 1966 Dj aja - Staudte, 1958

I. Wa7 ! +- (1. ... '/:1xa7 2. l'!xdS+; 1. ... l'!xa7 I • ••• Wxe6!! -+ (1. ... l'!ci+ 2. l'!fi l'!xfi+ 3· 2. HxdS+ ; 1. ... '/:1c8 2. l'!xdS+ '/:1xd8 3· l'!xdS+ '/:1xf1 '/:1xe6 +; 1 . ... gxf6? 2. '/:1xf6+ 't!;>gs 3·

Yxds 4· g3 +-; 1 . ... l'!dcS 2. '/:1xc7 l'!xq3 · 1:/:16+ =] 0-I bl.dS+) I-o 0 E1-11 0 E1-2 Alekhine - Bernstein, 1912 Fontein - Euwe, Amsterdam 1939 (variation from the game)

I. ••• .E1.cJ! 2.• .E1.xci Wdi+ o-I I • .E1.xg7+ tbxg7 2.. Wf7+ �hs 3· Wfs+ .E1.xfs 4· .E1.xf8#. 0 E1-3 Mikenas - Aronin, Moscow 1957 0 E1-12

I. .•• .E1.ds ! -+ o-I Janowski - Burn, Oostende 1907 I. Wxd7!! (1. l'!xe8+ l'!xeS 2. '/:1xd7? '/:1xd7 3· 0 E1-4 l'!xd7 gel+ 4· Gt:lfi GLJe2+-+; 1. l'!xd7? l'!xd7 Selyavkin - Belousov, 1973 2. '/:1xd7 '/:1xd7 3· l'!xd7 l'!e1+ -+; 1. '/:1xd7!! I. CDe4! ( 1. h3? '/:1e6!) I-o '/:1xd7 2. l'!dxd7 +-] I-o

0 E1-5 0 E1-13 Shirov - Yu supov, Bundesliga 1995/96 Mikenas - Bronstein, 1965

(variation from the game) I • ••• .E1.xa3!! (2. l'!xa3 V:1ei+; 2. '/:1xa3 V:1ei+ 3·

2.2.•• •• Wxfi+! -+. l'!xe1 gxe1#; 2. bxa3 '/:1xai+ 3· l'!b1 l'!e1+ 4· gxe1 '/:1xe1+-+] o-I 0 E1-6 Alden - Nilsson, Sweden 1972 0 E1-14

I .•• • Wc 6!! -+ (1. ... gxf6 2. '/:1xf6#; 1 . ... bl.d1+ NN - NN, Yugoslavia 1949

2. Hf1) o-I I • ••• .E1.cs!! o-I

0 E1-7 0 E1-15 Rovner - Kamyshev, Moscow 1947 Alekhine - Kohnlein, Dusseldorf 1908 I. Wa7 ! Was (1. ... l'!xd2 2. '/:1xc7 bl.xd1+3· (variation from the game)

Axd1] 2..Wxa 6! Wc7 3· Wa7 ! +- I-o I. Wxd6 ! cxd6 2.. CDf7+ .E1.xf7 3· .E1.e8++ -.

0 E1-8 0 E1-16 Paulsen - Anderssen, Leipzig (m5) 1877 Alekhine - Reshevsky, Kemeri 1937

I • .E1.f2.!+- I-0 1 . .E1.xb8+! �xbs 2.. Wxes+! I-o [ 2 . ... fxes 3 · l'!fS+ +-) 0 E1-9 Smyslov - Lilienthal, Leningrad/ Moscow1941 0 E1-17 I. Wxd6! +- I-o To rre - Timman, Hamburg 1982 I2 SOLUTIONS EI-I8 TO EI-29

1. ... lD(J+ z. �gz [2. exfJ1il'xfi+ J. �xfi Ah3+ tDfs + o-1 4· �gi Eiei#)z . ... Wxft+! -+ o-1 0 E1-26 0 E1-18 Lepek- Kohnen, 1962 Reti - Bogoljubow, New Yo rk 1924 1. gcz! Wxd4 z. l!c4! Wb6 [2 . ... �d2 J. Eic8+ 1. Af?+ �hs z. Aes! 1-o Eid8 4· �xd2 +- 1 3· l!cS+ gds 4· Wbs! +- •-o [ 4· ... \31d4 S· \31e8+1 0 E1-19 Alekhine - Frieman, New Yo rk (sim) 1924 0 E1-27 1. Axf6 Wxf6 [I . ... gxf6 2. �h6 �f8 3· Eie8 +-J Crouch - Speelman, Hastings 1992 z. ge8+ tDfs 3· tDh6+! Wxh6 4· gxfS+ �xfs z6. g xd7:: [26 . .El.b8! Etas 27. Eia1!! \31xai (27. S· Wds# 1-o ... Eidxb8 28. .El.xa2 +-) 28. Eixd8+ !!xds 29.

\3fxai]z6 • .. . l!fs z7. l!bzg xes %-% 0 E1-20 Alekhine -Johner, Trinidad 1939 0 E1-28 1. l!cs! [I. Eic7g6 2. 1il'd6\31 d6x J. exd6 �g7 J Sliwa - Stoltz, Bucharest, 1953

1• ••• l!xcs [I . ... \3fxd7 2. \3ff8+! +-J z. We7! •· Wxc6! bxc6 z. b7 Wds 3· bsW [3 . .El.ai 6h3,

Wxe7 [2. ... !!g8 J. d8�J 3· dxcSW+ 1-o .El.a8J 3· .•• l!dt+ 4· l!xd• Wxbs S· eDb7! +­ •-o 0 E1-21 Vidmar - Euwe, Karlsbad 1929 0 E1-29

•· l!e8+ Afs [1. . .. �h7 2. �dJ+ +-J z. gxfS+ Lowcki - Ta rtakower,Jurata 1937 �xfs 3· tDfs+ •- o [J. ... �g8 4· �f8+ �xf8 s. Black has to try to exploit the weakness of the i!d8#J back-rank by deflectingthe white queen from its defence. The best way to achieve this aim is the 0 E1-22 double attack on queen and rook.

Capablanca- Fonaroff, New Yo rk (casual) 1918 •· ••• Wcs+! •· tDh6+ �hs z. Wxes!! Wxes 3· �xf7+ 1-o (I . ... �b6+ 2. �hi \3ff6 3· h4) z. �hi Wc4! 0 E1-23 [2 . ... 1il'e3�� 3· �XeJ .El.fi + 4.\31gi +-J Vo dopyanov - Kanzyn, 1974 3· �g• \Md4+ 4· c;;,h1 We4! 1. ... \Mgt+!! z. �xg• fH 3· �hi fxe1W o-1 Nothing else works: [4. ... \3fd2�S· .El.xes;4· ... \31eJ�� s. \3fxeJ +-; 0 E1-24 4· ... \31h4�S· !!xes; 4· ... \3fd3 S· �gi 1il'd4+; Shampouw - Silalachi, Indonesia 1971 4· ... \3ff4 S· h4 1 •· WxeS! Wxhs z. eDe7+! eDxe7 3· WxfS+ The white queen was well placed on ei. This �xfs 4· gds# 1-o deflection fo rces it to leave its best position. S· We• 0 E1-25 [s. fixes \31xes -+; s. 1il'di 1;31f4 -+; s. 1il'g1 Sokolov - Yu supov, Riga (m3) 1986 1il'e2 -+ 1

19 . . .. tiJxes!! zo. tDxes [20. Eixd8l2Jx6+-+ J S· ••• 'i!fd3! zo • ... Wq ! z1. We z [21. Eixd8 �xc2 22. Eixf8+ A crucial move. The queen has to control the im­ �xf8 23. Eib8+ CLJc8-+ J z1. ... Wxes u. Ae3 portant fs square. s .... 1;31e2was worse because SOLUTION EI-30 13 of the deflectingsacrifice 6. l"!.f5 ! (Black also has Axds 4· l"!.xe2) 3· .§xeS+] back-rankproblems!). 2.. Wc4!! 'Afd7 6. �g1 'Afd4+ 7· �hi Wdz! -+ (2 . ... l"!.xc4 3· l"!.xeS+ @xeS 4· .§.xeS#] Now the double attack works. Yo u may only 3· Wc7!! Wbs 4· a4!! award yourself the points if you fo und this move. The key move, and the only one to get points. 0-I The immediate 4· 1i:txb7? would have been a mistake, because of the counter 4· ... @xe2! ex­ 0 E1-30 ploiting the weakened back-rank: 5· El.xe2 El.ci+. Adams- To rre Repetto,New Orleans 1920 4· ... Wxa4 In this celebrated example, both sides have back­ [4 . ... l"!.xe2 5· @xeS+; 4· ... @xe2 5· El.xe2] rank weaknesses. But White has the possibility S· i!e4 of deflectingBl ack's queen from its main task, the Now White threatens 6. @xeS. protection of the rook on eS. S· ... Whs 1. Wg4! Whs Black can no longer play 5· ... 1i:txe2! [1. . . . @ds 2. @xes @xes (2. ... l"!.xe2 3· @xdS+ 6. Wxb7! 1-o I4 CHAPTER I BACK-RANK COMBINATIONS

Score table

N� Points Your Points N� Points Your Points N� Points Your Points

1 1 11 2 21 3

2 1 12 2 22 3

3 1 13 2 23 3

4 1 14 2 24 3

5 1 15 2 25 3

6 1 16 2 26 3

7 1 17 2 27 3

8 1 18 3 28 4

9 1 19 3 29 5

10 1 20 3 30 6

total 69

Points Playing Strength less than 5 points beginner

5-10 points ELO 800 - 1000

11-20 points ELO 1000 - 1500

21-30 points ELO 1500 -1700

31 -40 points ELO 1700 - 1900

41 -54 points ELO 1900 -2100

55 - 58 points ELO 2100 -2200

59 -63 points ELO 2200 - 2 300 more than 63 points ELO above 2300 15

2 Candidate Moves

Before we start to ca lculate, we have to 6o • •.• fs 61 . .ab6 identify the most likely possibilities: these are the ca ndidate moves. All ca lculation be­ (The other possibility 61. q, leads to a gins with the selection of candidate moves. simple theoretical : 61 . ... @g2 62. cs Sometimes we are limited to one si ngle pos­ h1� 63. �xh1 @xh1 64. c6 f4 65. q f3 66. sibility, but more often we can choose be­ c8� f2) tween two or three moves. In some ra re The had been reached, so ca ses we may find even more alternatives Eric could ca lmly consider the position. Our than this. While a computer will calculate team captain, Darga, wa s de­ all possible lines in a position, we deliber­ lighted to see a simple way to draw. He ately limit our choice to the main lines. Th is glanced at Eric, looking tired after the long is our strength, but unfortunately it can also struggle, and realised that he was prepar­ turn out to be the ma in wea kness of human ing to resign. Sadly, the don't thinking: if we limit our choice too much, permit any prompting, so our team lost an we can simply miss the strongest continua­ important half point. Black only has two tion. ca ndidate moves (or ra ther, two candidate - Eric lob ron ideas): 61 . ... f4 and advancing the pawn ; or Ye revan (ol) 1996 61 . ... 'i!?g2to win the rook for the pawn first. 4 • Lobron satisfiedhi mself that after 61 . ... f4 ? 62. @cs @g2 63. @d4 f3 64. @e3 f2 65. @e2 the white king returns in time to stop the , and he resigned. The other idea wa s either not considered by Black, or he rejected it too early in his calculations. He could have drawn easily with 61 . ... @g2 ! 62. @cs h1� 63. �xh1 @xh1 64. @d4 @g 2 65. @es 'i!?f3 66. @xfs @e3 67. 'i!tes @dJ.

* * *

The selection of candidate moves has a cru­

a b c d e f g h cial influence on the accuracy of ca lculation, and therefore determines the strength of a Th is ga me was played at a critical mo­ chess player. One can say that ca ndidate ment: the German team faced , the moves are central to calculation, and the tournament favourites. For the whole ga me search for candidate moves is the soul of Eric Lobron had had to defend an almost this calculation. If the strongest continua­ lost position. His stubbornness finally pa id tion falls into the master's mind, then in off : in the diagram position Black has a sav­ the majority of cases further ca lculation is ing resource. There followed : unnecessary. !6 CHAPTER 2 CANDIDATE MOVES

Artur Yusupov-jesus Nogueiras 15. exf6 gxf6 16. £xf6 �g8 Montpellier (ct) 1985 Or 16. ... G[)xf6 17. 18fxf6 �g8 18. G[)xd5!. 5 D a b c d e f h 17. ttlbs lWxbs 8 8 17. ... 18fxd418. llJd6#. 7 7 18. Axbs ttle619. Wb2 cxbs 20. Ah4 6 6 Black resigned. 5 5 4 4 * * * 3 3 The sea rch for ca ndidate moves is a creative 2 2 process. There is no simple algorithm, but there are some priorities to follow. First, you

a b c d e f g h must consider all fo rcing moves, namely checks, ca ptures and attacks. Some of these moves Here I fell into deep contemplation. In ca n be discarded immediately, but others return for the sacrificed pawn I have a great remain as candidate moves. With these re­ lead in development and a mighty . maining moves you have to begin calculat­ 14. �c2 suggests itself, gaining a for ing. One ca n imagine the whole game as further development, but I failed to finda a series of problems. When analysing the clear way to gain the advantage. The posi­ candidate moves and moving the pieces in tion after 14 . ... 18'b6 15. �b1 18fq16. Af4 your mind, it is advisable to look at the posi­ (16. G[)xds 18fxe5) 16 . ... lLle6 is better for tion through your opponent's ey es and to include White, but I got the feeling that the starting his possibilities. position promised more. The evaluation of It is also very important not to immedi­ a position is like a compass for the chess atelyengross your mind in calculation. Af ter you player; it led me back - eventually - to the draw up your candidate moves, carry out search for other ca ndidate moves. The right a short analysis with a provisional assess­ attitude led to success. I found a move that ment of the position. If you fail to finda created five th rears! After clear and attractive continuation among the chosen moves, it is advisable to return to 14. Wd4 !1 the starting point and to search for further (threatening 15. G[)xd5, 15. lLlb5, 15. GLle4, candidates. Ask yourself occasionally if there 15. �b1 and 15. e6 Axe6 16. 18fxg7) aren't other possibilities. Sometimes it happens that during the calculation of va riations you 14 . ... f6 might spot new ideas that change the way (if 14 . ... 18'b6,then 15. e6!) you view the initial position. 17

Wotawa 1938 templation with these lines when my train­ 6 0 er's voice distracted me: 'What haven't you

a b c d e f g h considered yet?' I fo und the solution straightaway: 8 8 1. t!4ll f•e4 2. �g7 l!hs 3· �g6 l!es4· 7 7 �f6l!e8 S· �f7 with a perpetual attack on 6 6 the rook. 5 5 * * * 4 4

3 3 The precise, short calculation of the initial 2 2 moves in a position is more importa nt than the ability to calculate long lines. A mistake in these first moves is more dangerous than abcdef g h a mistake in the tenth move of a va riation. My trainer Mark Dvoretsky gave me this The key to solving a problem is very often study to solve. I spent a long time looking the discovery of the best continuation, but fo r a resource in this difficulten dgame, but not its calculation. When going through the without success. Nothing good comes of exercises and solutions fro m this booklet

1. g7?,bec ause of 1 . ... f!e8. Blocking the you should concentrate on the search fo r h-pawn with the rook is a somewhat better candidate moves. Try to find all the candidate approach, but fo r a study, the lines are sim­ moves, first. If these moves don't help much, ply too complicated and, in the end, aren't go back and ask yourself: what other possibili­ good enough fo r a draw. I was in deep con- ties are there in this position? 18 CHAPTER 2 CANDIDATE MOVES

� Exercises (solutions p. 24-27) • * * E2-1 11 E2-3 rn a b c d e f h a b c d e

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Evaluate the move 1 . ... lbxd3

E2-2 * 11 E2-4 * 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 19

E2-5 * 11] E2-7 * ill a b c d e a b c d e f g h 8 .I 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Evaluate the move 1. Ae4+

E2-6 * II E2-8 * ill a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8

7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Evaluate the move 1 . ... Ah3 20 CHAPTER 2 CANDIDATE MOVES

E2-9 ** [1] E2-11 ** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E2-10 ** [1] E2-12 ** [1] a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 21

E2-13 ** [1] E2-15 *** • a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Evaluate the move 1 . ... Wxg2

E2-14 ** [1] E2-16 *** • a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 22 CHAPTER 2 CANDIDATE MOVES

E2-17 *** [1] E2-19 **** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 • 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 • 6

5 5 5

4 4 4 � 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E2-18 *** E2-20 **** a b c d e

8 8 �------.�·�-=�, 7 7 -.�.. �- 1 6 6 1 �· """"=- or=�-�. 5 5 5 ,�--� 4 4 4 �·�-, 3 3 3 "'--��.;;.�1 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 23

E2-21 **** rn E2-22 ***** rn a b c d e f a b c d e f

8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4

3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 24 SOLUTIONS E2·I TO E2-S

Solutions

0 E2-1 Svidler was obviously only expecting the contin­ Bogoljubow - Hussong. Karlsruhe 1938/39 uation that fo llowed in the game. Instead 2. f5!

1• ••• tbxd3�� Axg2+ 3· 'i!?xg2! +- would have won. A grave error. Black was only expecting the 'auto­ What was overlooked by the two players : the matic' answer 2. \Sfxd3. second or even the first move� 2..Wg4 ! g6 2.. ggs �� tbfs+ (c:J2. ... Ag5 3· tt:\h6+ Axh6 4· \Sfxd7 tt:\xci 5· and Black finallymana ged to win the game. l'!axciAxC I 6. l'!xCI +-] 3• tbh6+ I-0 0 E2-7 Silich- Rokhlin, Odessa 1929 0 E2-2 1. Ae4+�� Yu supov - Salov,Barcelona 1989 The best way to victory was 36. \Sie4+! +-,

1• ••• Ae2.! (1. ... Abi� 2. Ad3 Axa2�� 3· Ac2 +­ though 36. l'!xcS AxfJ+37· 'i!?h2Axdi 3S. \Sie4+

] 2..Ad3 (2. Aa4 Abi -+ J 2.• •• • Axb3 3· Abt l'!hg6 39· fJ +- was also good enough. An un­ Ae4 -+ o-1 pleasant surprise now awaits.

1•• •• Wfs!! -+ 0 E2-3 Look fo r your opponent's candidate moves too! Olland - Wo lf, Karlsbad 1907 0-1

1. �b2.! [I. l'!h5�l'!ci + 2. \Sixci \Sfxh5+) 1• ••• gd3 2.. Wet [ 2. \Sig4 +-) 2.• ••• Ae6 [ 2 . ... 'i!?h7 3· 0 E2-8 l'!g7+ +-; 2 . ... Ad7 3· l'!gs+ 'i!?h7 4· l'!hs++-; Yusupov - Milov, (zt) 1998 2 . ... \Sfxh43· \SicS+ 'i!?h7 4· \SigS+ 'i!?h6 42. I. Wf) � \Sig7#) 3. gg8+ �xg8 4· Wxh6 +- 1-o I. Af6 g6 wasn't any better. But just afi:ercarry­ ing out my move I fo und an easy way to get a big 0 E2-4 advantage: Tu kmakov - Anand, New Delhi 1986 I . .&h6! Axh2+ (I . ... tt:\e6 2. \Sig4 f5 3· \Sfxf5

1 • ••• tbd3! (I . ... exf2+ 2. \Sfxf2+) 2.. Wez (2. gxh6 4· tt:\f6+ +-; I . ... gxh6 2. tt:\f6+ +-) 2. fx e3 \Siai+ 3· 'i!?g2 ctJei+- -+; 2. \Sfxd3 \Sfxf2+ 'i!?hi \Sic6 (2 . ... Ad6 3· tt:\xg7 l'!ds 4· \Sih5 ±) 2.

3· 'i!?hie2 -+] 2.• ••• Wxf2.+3· Wxf2. exf2.+ 4· Axg7 kq 3· \SffJ tt:\g6 4· Ah6 ± (4. Af6 ±).

�f1 �g7 -+ S· Abs �f6 6. es tbxes 7· �xf2. I. ••• t0g6! 2..h4 �es o-1 The position has become very complicated. The situation afi:er 2. Af6!� was also unclear: 0 E2-5 2. Af6!� Afs!� (2 . ... gxf6 IS. tt:\xf6+ 'i!?fs 3· \Sfh5 Anand - Salov, Paris (rapid) 1991 .&e6 4· tt:\xeS !!xeS 5· f4 c3 6. b3 ±) 3· \Sfxd5

1. Ad2.! ( 1. Axfs 'i!?xfs 2. \Sff3 f6 ±] 1• •• • Wes .&g4oo or 2. \Sfxd5!� Axh2+ 3· 'i!?hi Ag4! 4· 2.. gel Wxet 3· Axe1 Ad7 4· Ah6 gfe 8 S· W6 .&xg6! hxg6 5· tt:\f4 .&xf4 6. Axf4 t. 1-0 I realised here that I had probably missed a win and I lost interest in playing on. I offered a 0 E2-6 draw which my opponent accepted. Granda Zuniga - Svidler, Madrid 1998 Afi:er2 . ... Ae6 ( l>\Sid7) 3· e4 \Sid7 (or 3· ...

I • ••• Ah3�� dxe4 4· Axe4 \Sfd7 5· Axb7 Ag4 6. \Sids Ae6 7· SOLUTIONS E2·9 TO E2-IS 2S

il.c6 Axds 8. Axd7 �e2 55)3· es Axes 4· dxes l"l.ar+7· 'i!i>b8=] S· ••• d4 6. b6 ct>cs 7· b7 Ag4 S· e6! V!1xe6 6. ctJf4 Axf3 (6 . ... tt::l xf4 7· l!h7+ 8. @c8 @c6 9· b8�+ = Wxf4 f6 8. Axf6 gxf6 g. �aei ;!;) 7· tt::lxe6 �xe6 8. gx fJ h6 chances are balanced. 0 E2-13 Tigran Gorgiev, I930 0 E2-9 The key to this study is the zugzwang position af­ To mczak - Anand, Lugano 1988 ter move 6. Both sides have to reach this position I. l!e6�� with the other to move. Correct was 3S· "l!1h6+'i!tg8 36. �e6 (ll1i1g s, .1"l.f6) I. c6! and White wins. 1. a4� h6! 2. as hs 3· a6 h4 4· a7 h3 S· c6 h2 6. C7

I • ••• Wxe6! -+ o-I hi1i1#is too fast! I. a3� hs! 2. a4 h4 3· as h3 4· a6 h2 s. a7 hiV=1+is too slow!

0 Ez-1o I. ••• h6

Anand - Andersson,Monte Carlo (rapid) 1997 [I . ... c;!tq 2. a4 'i!fc6 x 3· as 'i!tbs 4· 'i!tb7! =; 1. ••• Anand findsa surprising way to win a pawn. hs 2. a4!) I. ti:)xd4! Axg2 2..ti:)fs We6 3· Wgs ti:)e8 2..a3! hs

Oq. ... g6 4· tt::lh6+. [2. ... c;!tq 3· a4 'i!fxc6 4· as 'i!tbsS· 'i!tb7!'i!fxa s 6. 4· ct>xg2 h6 S· Wg4 ti:)df6 6. Wf) +­ 'i!fc6hs 7· 'i!fdsand the king reaches the h-pawn.) There fo llowed 3· � h4 4· as h3 S· a6 h2 6. a7 =

6 • ••• e4 7· dxe4 ti:)xe4 8. l!fdi @h7 9· bxcs bxcs Io. l!ds �8f6 n. Axf6! �xf6 I2. 0 E2-14 gxcs l!ab8 I3· l!dil!b2. I4. ti:)d4 We7 IS· l!bs Smyslov - Lilienthal,Moscow 1938 and Black resigned. I. Wa7 �

Correct was 1. V!1ds! .1"l.xb3 (if 1. ••• "l!1xb3, then

0 E2-11 2. ds! +- and d6; 1. ••• .1"l.e6 wasn't betterbecause Richard Reti, I92.2 of 2. f4 +- with the threat of ds) 2. 1i1f6 + 'i!tg8 3· To win the game, White has to attack the g-pawn e6 and White wins. with his as quickly as possible. I • ••• Wxb3� I. ti:)e8!! [I. tt::lds+ 'i!fe62. tt::lf4 + 'i!ffs 3· ltJe2'i!tg4 Instead, I . ... V!1xd4� 2. e6 +- was also poor;

4· Ad7+ 'i!fh4 S· tt::ld4 'i!fgs =] I • ••• @e6 [I. ... but 1. ••• .1"l.xb3 would have led to equality (2. e6 lUb3 2. tt::lg7 tt::ld4 3· tt::lhs tt::lfs 4· Ac2 (4. Abs) .1"l.b7). 4· ... ctJe3 s. Ae4 +-; I . ... tL.lc4 2. tt::lg7 tt::ld6 2.. Wxas ± (z. ... ctJe3 3· tL.lhstt::l fs 4· Abs 'i!fe6 s. Ad3) 3· and Smyslov converted his advantage to victory. il.cz+-] 2. �g7+ ct>es 3· ti:)hs I-o 0 E2-15 0 E2-12 Gaprindashvili - Servaty, Dortmund 1974

Jindrich Fritz, I96S I • ••• Wxg2.� I. Ab7! [I. bs 'i!fe32. Ab7 'i!fd43· 'i!fxa7 'i!lcs-+] This move loses. Black should have tried to de­

I • ••• l!xb7[1 . ... 'i!fe3 2. 'i!fxa7 bs 3· 'i!tb6 'i!fd4 fe nd a worse position with I .... 'i!fxg7.

4· Ac6 =; 1. ••• bs 2. 'i!fxa7 =] 2. bs! [ 2. 'i!fxb7� 2.. Wd4!! as -+] 2 • ••• l!b8[ 2 . ... .1"l.d7=; 2 . ... 'i!fe3�� 3· [2. AfJ� .1"l.e8+ -+; 2. Axf8 V!1xhr+ 3· Afi ci;>xb7 'i!fd4 4· 'i!fxa7 'i!fcsS· 'i!i>a6 0) 3· ct>xa7 "l=1e4+ =] gh8 4· @xb6 ct>e3 S· ct>c7 [s. 'i!ta7 �hi 6. b6 2 • ••• Wxhi+ 3· ct>d2 Wxai 26 SOLUTIONS E2-I6 TO E2-I9

[3 . ... 15'xh24· �f3! f!.e8s. E!.hi15'q 6. Ah8! +-] f!.f8+ 'i!?h7I calculated just one line: 4· Wf6!+- A) 4· t:l.d8 t:l.f6 and none of the three continua­ and because of 4· ... 15'xa2S· Ah6 15'as+ 6. 'i!?di tions promises White victory: 'i1a4+ 7· 'i!?ci 'i1ai+ 8. 'i!?c2'i1a 4+ 9· 'i!?bi Black AI) S· il,d7 Axd7 6. f!.xd7 f!.e6=; resigned. A2) S· t:l.d7!? il,xd7 (s. ... CLlf4 6. e8'i1<'Llxh 3+ 7· gxh3 il,xd7 8. 1i1xd7 hs! =) 6. Axd7 f!.b67· 0 E2-16 Afs+ g6 8. Axg6+ 'l!?g7 =; Yusupov - Adams, Dortmund 1994 A3) S· f!.xd3 'i!?g6 6. Ad7 Axd7 7· f!.xd7 'i!?f] t.

I• ••• WdJ � But you always have to search fo r candidate I . ... 1i1fs !! would have saved the game: moves, and not just in the initial position! Afi:er A) 2. Ag3 'i1e4 3· d6 (3. 'i1f] =) 3· ... h4! =; the intermediate check, White wins very easily: B) 2. Ae3 15'e4 3· �gs 15'xds (or 3· ... 'i!?g6 4· d6 B) 4· Afs+! g6 s. f!.d8 f!.f6 (s . ... gxfs 6. E!.xd6 il,[6 S· Axf6 1i1f4 + 6. 'i!?gi 15'e3+ 7· 'i!?fi 15'd3+ =) <'Lles 7· t:l.xc6 +-) 6. Ad7 Axd7 7· t:l.xd7 and 4· Af6 'i1g8 S· Axes 'i!?h8 6. Axg7+ 1i1xg7 7· there is no defence against 8. e8'i1+! 1i1xc4 1i1es+. In the game Timman managed to hold the 2. d6 C3 position afi:er

[2. ... 'i!?g6 3· d7 Af6 4· Ab6 ±] I • ••• �h7 2. Ag2 Axg2 3· �xg2 �g6 ±. 3· d7 c2 4· Ae3! This move was overlooked by Adams. 0 E2-19

4· ••• Wxe3 S· Wxc2+ e4 6. Wc7! Dautov - Yusupov, Bundesliga 1997/98 Even simpler than 6. d8'i1 il,es+ 7· g3 Axg3+ (7. I. Ag6!! ... 15'xg3+8. 'i!?hi 15'xh3+9· 'i!?gi 15'g3+ 10. 'i!?fi) I almost fe ll off my chair when he made this II. 'i!?hi 1;3ffJ+ I2. 1i1g2. move.

Black resigned. I• ••• fxg6 In sharp positions it is very dangerous to base I . ... t:l.b7 2. t:l.xe6+'i!?f8 wasn't any better, due one's play on general assessmentsalone. to 3· Axf7! f!.xf7 4· <'Llg6+ 'i!?g8 S· f!.e8+'i!?h7 6. hs +-.

0 E2-17 2 • .l3.xe6+�fs G. Kissling, I9IS Or 2 . ... il,e7 3· f!.xe7+ 'i!?xe7 4· CLlc6+ 'i!?d6 S·

I• .l3.gs! [I. t:l.g7?? b2 2. f!.xb7 bi'i1-+; 1. f!.g8? lLlxb8 as 6. 'i!?fi +-. b2 2. E!.a8+ 'i!?bi 3· E!.as 'i!?c2 4· t:l.cs+ 'i!?d2 s. 3· CDc6 CDd7 4· .l3.d6 !

E!.bs=] I • ••• hxgs [I. ... b2 2. t:l.xfs b6 (2. ... But Black gets more chances after4. l2J b8x lLl b8x bi'i13· E!.as+ 1i1a2+ 4· E!.xaH 'i!?xa2S· fs +-) 3· s. g3 'i!?f7 6. f!.d6 �e7 7· E!.xds (Or 7· f!.b6 lLld7 t:l.bs+- ]2. h6 b2 3· h7 hiW 4· h8W+ �a2 S· 8. E1.x a6 b4) 7· ... 'i!?e6 8. E!.es+'i!?d6.

WaS+ �b2 6. Wxb7+ �az 7· Wxbi+ �xbi 4· ••• .l3.c8 S· .l3.xd7 Axh4 8. fx gs I-o Let's weigh up the results of the combination. White is much better: his pieces are more ac­ 0 E2-18 tive than Black's and his healthier. Yu supov - Timman, Reykjavik 1988 Later Dautov gave me some chances, but his even­ I. g3� tual win was certainly deserved. Sadly, this was the wrong choice. Needless to say,

I saw the alternative 1. e6!, but afi:er 1. ••• E!.xd6 2. e7 Ac6 ( 2 . ... il,g6 3· f!.f8+ 'i!?h7 4· Afs +-) 3· SOLUTIONS E2-20 TO E2-22 27

0 E2-20 �xd7 2. as Abs 3· 'i!?b7 Ae2 4· a6 �fJ s. Ax[J Yusupov - Schlosser, Bundesliga 1997/98 gxfJ6. a7 hi� +; I. f!diAxa4! 2. f!ciAc6+ 3· I. We s (with the idea Ah7) looks promising, but 'i!?b8(3. l:hc6 hi�) 3· ... hi� =. I couldn't find a concrete way to continue afi:er 1 . ... fs! I . ... h6! My main hopes were connected with I. I . ... 'i!?g6� 2. f!d6+ 'i!?g7 3· Ads +-. dxe6�, but then I saw that I . ... f!xdi 2. exf7+ 2.. �di! @f8 ! 3· f!xdi iJ,xe4 would be better fo r Black. 2. f!xfs+� 'i!?g6 3· E!hs(3. Ads 'i!?xfs 4· as 'i!?es I went back to the beginning and fo und another s. �b7 �f7 6. a6 Ads -+) 3· ...

1. CiJgs! 2.• ... Axa4 3· �c1 Ac6+ 4· �xc6! h1W S· Now White attacks with vigour. Af7+ �gs 6. f4 +! 1 . ... h6 The point. The rook is unpinned.

If I . ... ft:lxc4 2. Axh7+ 'i!?f8 3· We2! �xds (Or 6 . ... gx6 7· �g6+ �hs 8 • .l:!g8+ �h6 9·

3· ..• l'hds 4· tt:Jxe6+!! fxe6 S· �xe6 f!xdi 6. �h8+ 1-0 l/jg8#) 4· �hs with a decisive attack. z. Ah7+ �h8 0 E2-22 There is no defence afi:er 2 . ... 'i!?f8 3· tt:Jxf7!! Najdorf- Kotov, Mar del Plata 1957 @xf74· f!d3 +- or 4· �es +-. I. Adl�! 3· CLJxf?+�xh 7 4· Wcz+! .0:.�hs. Other candidate moves: Naturally not 4· ft:lxd8� gxd8 s . .El.xe6 ft:lxc4 -.z. A) I. �xf6 Axf6 2. �xh7+ 'i!?f8;!;; 4· ... �g8 B) 1. CUg4looks good, fo r example : Black's king position would have been too open BI) I. ... h6� 2. cuxh6+ +- or afi:er 4· ... g6. There would fo llow s. tt:Jxd8 (s. B2) 1. ••• Axb3� 2. cuxf6+ �xf6 3· ®xh7+ 'i!?f8 frxe6 f!g8 6. CUes is good too) s . ... f!xd8 6. 4· �h8+ c;:!;>q S· �xg7 +-. frxe6f!g8 7· f!de1 But Black can put up a better defence:

A) 2s . ... �xc4 26. f!e7+ f!g7 27. �b2 +-; B3) I. 000 't!ff8! 2. cuxf6 (2. Ah6!�) 2. 000 Axf6 B) 2S. ... CUxc4 26. ge7+ (26. f!xg6� f!xg6 3· �xf6 �xf6 4· �xf6 gxf6 s. �xds exds 6. 27. ge6 CUes!) 26 . ... f!g7 27. f!xg7+ 'i!?xg7 28. .!"!x h7 't!fg8 and Black still has counter chances. fre6 +-; But, besides the move Najdorf played in the C) 2s. ... Ac8 26. f!e7+ f!g7 27. f!xg7+ 'i!?xg7 game, there is still one more . 28. Wc3+ +- C) 1. Ac2!! (an idea ofZaitsev) S· CL1xh6+! +- The threat is 2. �xh7+ and if Black takes the This sacrificeruins Black's king position. bishop, White wins the rook afi:er2. 11,x f6 A x f6 s . ... gxh6 6. Wg 6+ �f8 7· Wxh6+ �g8 3· �xh7+ and 4· �xc2. Let's consider Black's Or 7· ... 'i!?f7 8. �h7+ (8. dxe6+ 'i!?g8 g. f!xd8+ possible defences: Erxd8ro. �g6+ +-) 8 . ... 'i!?f8 g. dxe6 +-. CI) I . ... g6 2. Axf6 +-;

8. Wg 6+ �f8 9· Wf6+ �g8 1o. �es C2) 1. .•. h6 2. Axh6 +-;

And Black resigned. C3) 1. •.• 't!ff8 2. Axh7 ft:lxh7 3· �hs! +­ aren't too interesting. 0 E2-21 In principle, there only remains Bondarenko & Kuznetsov, 1977 C4) I .... .El.xc2 2. �xf6 h6 (2.. .. Axf6 3· ®xh7+ 1. �ds+! 'i!?f8 4· �xc2 +-) 3· �hs! Axf6 (3. ... .El.f8 4· Other candidate moves were worse: 1. �ds �xg7 +-) 4· �xf7+ 'i!?h7(4 .... 'i!?h85· .El.xh6+ ! 28 SOLUTION E2-22

gxh6 6. lUg6#) 5· �xh6+! 'i!?xh6 6. 'l/jg6#. to play I ... . �c7!�, to protect the weak f7 point Zaitsev's analysis removes any doubts. To find (2. Ah5 lUxh5 3· 'l/jxh5�Ax g5). a move like I. Ac2!! during an actual game is in­ z. Ahs! l:!eds credibly tough, but the constant search fo r candi­ 22 . ... lUxh5 23. 'l/jxh5 +-; 22. ... �fs 23. Axf6 date moves can help us a littlebit. Axf6 24. Axf7+ �xf7 25. 'l/jxh7+ +-.

1 • ••• Was� 3· Axf7+ 'i!?fs 4· Ah6! +- �es S· Wf4 Af6 Kotov does not see the threat. It was much better 6. Axg7+ �e7 7· Axes Axg7 8. l:!xh7 1-o PRACTICAL EXERCISES 29

Practical exercises

Try to play the fo llowing two studies like real games. Yo u take White and allow yourself one hour's thinking time. Cover the moves and diagrams with a sheet of paper. When you have made your decision, you are allowed to look at the right move (on the solutions page), the comments, and your 'opponent's' next move. For every correct move you are awarded points. The left column shows you a study by Matous, the right one, a study by Pogosjants. Concentrate on the candidate moves and don't try to calculate everything from beginning to end.

Mario Matous 1979 Ernest Pogosjants 1969 7 9

8

7 ��----- 6

5 t-...... _ .� 4 l---- 3

2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

8 rn 10 rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 30 CHAPTER 2 CANDIDATE MOVES

11 [1] 13 [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 [j, 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 • 3 2 2 2 • 2 � 1

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

12 [1] 14 [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 [j, 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5 4 4 4 [j,� 4

3 3 3 2 2 II

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h PRACTICAL EXERCISES )I

15 111 17 111 a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

16 111 18 111 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 32 CHAPTER 2 CANDIDATE MOVES

19 [1] 20 [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

21 [1] a b c d e f h

8 8

7 7

6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h PRACTICAL EXERCISES 33

Matous 1979: solution Pogosiants 1979: solution

Diagram 7 on page 29 Diagram 9 on page 29 I. �fz! !:::,.\3ff i-gi-g3# (2 points) I. Ahs! (1 point) I. @xfi+? c;;.h2; I. c;;.xfi? �a6 ; I. \3fh4+? CUh2 r. h7? c;;,g2 = (r. ... c;;.gr)

I • ••• Agz I • ••• �gz z. �f4 hiW I . ... 1i1a3 2. \31xfi+c;;, h2 3· 1c'1g i+ c;;,h3 4· 1i1g4+ 'i!th2 5· 1i1f4 + c;;,hi 6. 1i1h4+ 1i1h3 7·\31 h3#x ; I ... . CUh2 2. AfJ+! cuxf3 3· \31cr+ +-; Diagram 10 on page 29 r . ... \31a6 2. A6+ +- 3· A6+ �hz 4· Axhi a3!

Diagram 8 on page 29 Diagram 13 on page 30 z. A6! (1 point) S· h7 az

z • ••• Wg7!

2 • ••• �xfJ 3· \31xfr++- Diagram 14 on page 30 6. h8A! (1 point) Diagram 11 on page 30 6. h8\31?ar\31 7· \31xar=

3· Wh4+ !! (2 points) 6 • ••• �xhi 3· @xfr+? c;;,h2 4· \31gr+ c;;,h3 5· Axg2+ c;;,h4 6. 1c'1h2+ c;;.g5 =

3· ••• �hz Diagram 17 on page 31 7· �g3 hz

Diagram 12 on page 30 4· Wh8! (1 point) Diagram 18 on page 31

4· ••• Wg6 8. Aai!! (3 points) 4· ... \31xh8 5· Axg2# 8. Ad4? ar\319· Axar c;;.gr ro. Ad4+ c;;,hr=; 8. c;;,h3? c;;.gr 9· Ad4+ c;;,hr ro. �es c;;.gr rr. llxh2+ c;;.rz r2. Aes c;;.fJ =

Diagram 15 on page 31 8 • ••• �gi

S· Wh7! (1 point) S· ••• Wgs

Diagram 20 on the preceding page Diagram 16 on page 31 9· Ad4+ �hi 6. Wh6! (1 point) 6 . ... Wg8

Diagram 21 on the facing page Diagram 19 on the facing page IO. �h3! (1 point) 7• Wei+ (1 point) and afi:er ro . ... ar\31II. Axar c;;.gr 12. Ad4+ c;;,hr and afi:er 8. 00 0 cufr 8. @xfr+ c;;.h2 9· \31gr+ c;;.h3 13. Ae5 +- White wins. ro. Axg2+ c;;.h4 II. 1c'1h2+ c;;.g5 12. 1i1g3+ White wins. 34 CHAPTER 2 CANDIDATE MOVES

Score table

N� Points Your Points N� Points Your Points N� Points Your Points

1 1 12 2 Ma 2

2 1 13 2 1

3 1 14 2 2

4 1 15 3 1

5 1 16 3 1

6 1 17 3 1

7 1 18 3 1

8 1 19 4 Po 1

9 1 20 4 1

10 1 21 4 3

11 2 22 5 1

total 64

Points Playing Strength less than 4 points beginner

4-8 points ELO 800 - 1000

9-18 points ELO 1000 - 1500

19 - 25 points ELO 1500 - 1800

26 -32 points ELO 1800 - 2100

33 -45 points ELO 2100 -2300

46 -55 points ELO above 2300

56 -64 points ELO above 2400 35

3 The Wrong-Coloured Bishop

I.

Why do so many ga mes end in a draw? One Another important point is that the eval­ of the main reasons is the ra nge of defen­ uation of the position does not change if sive possibilities. Even the great material White has more than one h-pawn. Only if advantage of an extra minor piece does not the stronger side manages to prevent the inevitably result in a win. Diagram 22 shows king from entering the corner does he have one of the most important theoretical draw­ winning chances. ing fortresses . 23 +- D 22 D a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h Af ter Even though White is a bishop and a 1. Aaz l +- pawn up, the position is totally drawn. The defence is very easy here: the black king just Black's king is cut offfr om the vital cor­ has to stay in the corner. White's king and ner, and the pawn advances to the queening bishop cannot drive it from h8. This is due square. The other method of keeping the to the fact that the bishop does not con­ king from the corner is less effective here. trol the h-pawn's promotion square. This Af ter 1. Ah7? there follows 1 . ... c!>f72. c!>f2 is the well-known 'wrong-coloured bishop'. c!>f6, and a typical drawing mechanism is (This only works with a rook's pawn. In initiated: the threat is 'i!?gs, and after the all other cases White wins with the help of bishop retreats the king reaches the corner: zugzwang.) It is impossible to force Black's 3· Ae4 c!>f7 4· Ah7 'i!?f6= 6'i!?g8 In this line, king to leave the corner. White can only de­ White would win if his king reached the f4 liver : square.

1. c!>f6 c!>g8 2. h6 c!>h83· c!>f7= 36 CHAPTER 3 THE WRONG-COLOURED BISHOP

24 +- D

a b c d e f g h Here White ca n cut offthe black king on 8 8 the e8-h5 diagonal: 7 7 1. Ahs +- 6 � 6 In spite of the simplicity of these 5 5 endgames, there are many hidden sub- 4 4 tleties. Exercises 1 to 9 will help you to cement, 3 3 and to deepen, your understanding of this 2 2 highly practical endgame.

a b c e d f g h

II.

The possibility of transposing into the As is well known, a knight has great dif­ endgame of wrong-coloured bishop and ficulties when countering a rook's pawn. rook's pawn is often an important defen­ Black could have spared himself great trou­ sive resource. This is a fa mous example. ble had he remembered the position from diagram 22. After 81 . ... ltJd3! 82. h4 (82. Robert Fischer- 'i!?fs 'i!?d6! .<0.'i!?e7-f7-g7-h8) 82 . ... ltJf4 83. Candidate's Match (2), Vancouver 1971 'i!?fs 'i!?d6! Black has to sacrifice the knight, but the king ca n enter the corner. 84. 'i!;>xf4 25 • 'i!?e7 85. 'i!?gs 'i!?f7 86. 'i!?h6 'i!?g8=. Instead a b c d e f h there fo llowed 8

7 This unfortunate move loses the ga me, 6 fo r now Ta imanov does not have time to 5 bring the knight back to defend. Other king 4 moves were better: 81 . ... 'i!?d6! 82. Ae2 ltJd7+( 82 . ... 'i!?ds 83. h4 ltJd7+84. 'i!?e7'i!?es) 3 83. 'i!?f7'i!?es 84. h4 ltJf6 =; or 81 . ... 'i!?d482. 2 2 Ae6 (82. Ad1 ltJd7+) 82 . ... ltJf3=. 82. Ac8 c!>f4 a b c d e f g h 37

82 . ... t!Jf3 83. Ab7+ �f4 84. Axf3 �xf3 62 . ... ttlb81 85. �g5 +- also loses, as does 82 . ... tbd3 83. (.6tbc6+ and t!Jxb4) �Js+. 83. h4 tLif3 84. hs tLigs 8s. Afs tLif3 86. h6 tLigs 87. �g6 The point is that 63. bs can be answered

Black is in zugzwang. by 63 . ... lbc6+! 64. bxc6 �xc6 = and the game transposes into our drawn position 87. ... tLif3 88. h7 tL!es+ 89. �f6 1-o fro m diagram 22. * * * 63 . ... tLic6 64.�bs tLI)(b4 6s. �b6 In the game Portisch - Kavalek, Wh ite under­ Or 65. Axb4+ �q 66. Ad6+ �b7 =. estimated Black's chances, which were con­ 6s . ... tLid3 1 nected, of course, with the wrong-coloured bishop. Threatening tbb2,and the draw is clear: 66. Ac3 �d7 67. �b7 tbcs+ -Lubomir Kavalek Yz -¥2. Montrea/ 1979 * * *

26 +- D Here is a similar endgame. We have already seen that Black's main hope lies in sacrific­ ing a knight fo r the g-pawn.

Murray Chandler- Zsuzsa Polgar Montrea/ 1979

27 +- D a b c d e f h

a b c d e f g h

61. A)(as It would have been better to play 61. c;t>c4!

61 . ..• �d6 62. b4?? abcdef h White could win with either 62. �C4 �c6 g 63. b4 +- or 62. Ad8 tbb8 63. �C4 tbc6 64. �fs �g7 51. g4 tLif6 52. gs tLig8 53· Ab6 +-. Black is now able to eliminate his so. �e6 ttlh654· g)(h6+?? main enemy, the b-pawn, with a fo rk. CHAPTER 3 THE WRONG-COLOURED BISHOP

Such a grave mistake has just one expla­ 53· Ag6 ?? ct>xf454· Axfs nation: Chandler expected the automatic recapture. In that ca se the black king would White expected the bishop to be recap­ have been cut offfro m the corner, and the tured : 54· ... 'i!?xf5? 55· h6 +-. Black did not win would be ea sy: 54. ... 'i!?xh6 55.'i!?f6 'i!?h5 miss his chance: 56. 'i!?g7 +-. The correct winning method 54· ... ct>xesl 55· h6 ct>f6 wa s demonstrated by Dvoretsky: 54· h4 lLlg4 55. 'i!?f5 C2Jh6+56. 'i!?f4 lLlf7 57· gd5 C2Jh658 . 6'i!?f7-g8 h5 'i!?h759· ge68 'i!?g7 6o. 'i!?e5 'i!?h8 61. 'i!?f6 s6. ct>e2ct>f7 57· Ah7 ct>f6 1 'i!?h7 62. 'i!?e7 'i!?g7 63. 'i!?e8 'i!?h7 ( 63 . ... 'i!?h8 64. g6 'i!?g765. 'i!?e7 'i!?h8 66. 'i!?f8 Yusupov) 6'i!?g5 64. 'i!?f8 'i!?h8 65. g6 lLlf5 66. h6 C2Jxh6 67. 58. Ag8 ct>g659· h7 ct>g7 = Y2-Y2 g7+ 'i!?h7 68. gf5+ C2Jxf5 69. g818'+. 54· ... ct>h8 1 * * * Of course ! As we know, the number of Vladimir Raicevic- Albin Planinc pawns on the h-filemakes no difference. 1977

ss- Ads ct>h7s6. ct>f7 ct>hsY2-Y z 29 +- D

* * * a b c d e f g h 8 8 The sa me sad mistake occurred in this ga me 7 7 too. lev Gutman - Vladas Mikenas 6 6 Riga 1969 5 • 5 4 fj, 4 28 +- D 3 3 a b c d e f g h 2 2 8 8 7 7 a b c d e f g h 6 6 5 fj, 5 In the next example the player with the 4 4 better position also underestimated his op­ 3 3 ponent's chances. The rooks had to be kept on the board with 61. gh7! +-, fo llowed by 2 2 E!xh5. The attempt to win the ga me quickly led to an elega nt draw.

a b c d e f h g 61. E!gs?? .El.g3+I 62. ct>xf4 Instead of the simple 53· e6 'i!?xf4 54· e7 62. 'i!?f2 'i!?f6=; 62. E!xg3 fx g3 =. Ad7 55· h6 +-, White tried to play the tech­ 62 . ... .El.g4+I 63. ct>f3 nically neat 39

63. Etxg4 hxg4 64. 'i!?g5g3 65. Ae4 �f7 =. 1 . ... g5!?, would have given more chances, although even in this case White will, after 63 . ... �f6 - Yz-Yz the cold-blooded 2. 'i!?f3 �f5 3. 'i!?gz, be able However, 63 . ... Etxh4 64. Axh5 would to hold the ga me. not have been clever, when White ca n still 2. Et)(b2 A)(b2 3· �f3 ?! try to win. It would have been more precise to play Kenneth Smith - Mario Campos Lopez 3· h4! 'i!?e5 4· g4 'i!?f4 5· 'i!?h3 .6g5, h5. San Antonio 1972 3· ··- �fs

30 + • Black could have given White a little a b c d e f g h more to worry about with 3· ... Ac3 4· h4 8 8 Ae1! (4 . ... Ad2 5· g4 Ae1 6. g5+ =) 5· 'i!?g4 Adz 6. 'i!?f3 �e5 7· 'i!?e2 Aa5 8. �f3 =. Now 7 7 White fo rces the position fro m diagram 22. 6 6 5 5 4· h41 4 4 4· g4+ ? 'i!?g5-+.

3 3 4· ... Aq S· g4+ �f6 6. gs+ I 6. h5 ? g5.

6 . ... �fs 7· hs l g)(hs s. �g2 �)(gs ­ a b c d e f g h Yz-Yz For independent study you might con­ 1 . .•. Etb2 sider exercises 10 to 22. The main theme in As Edmar Mednis correctly noted, Black these positions is the struggle to reach a shouldn't be in a hurry to rooks. position with the wrong-coloured bishop. 40 CHAPTER 3 THE WRONG-COLOURED BISHOP

Ill.

The presence of more pawns on the defe nd­ ing side adds complexity and often changes the assessment of the position. As in the This fo rtress is also impregnable. next example. * * *

von Holzhausen 1910 However, ifWhite has another pawn, the 31 D position tu rns against him.

8 - Belgrade 1989 7 6 32 -+ • 5 a b c d e f h 4 8 8 3 7 7 2 6 6 5 5 a b c d e f g h 4 4 3 3 Without the b-pawn, White would eas­ 2 2 ily reach the corner. But in this case, White has more problems, e. g. 1. 't!?c1?? loses to Ad3 -+. abcdef g h 1. �c2 l The winning plan is easy: Black stale­ Ifthe white king reaches a1, the draw is mates the enemy king and fo rces the b­ clear: 1 . ... 't!?b4 2. 't!?b1 't!?b33· 't!?a 1 't!?c2 4· pawn to advance. After this the a-pawn b4 axb3 stalemate. leaves the edge and White has just one use­ less move with his remaining pawn. 1 . ... Aul 93· ... �g2 94· �d1 �f3 95· �d2 �e4 Now it looks bad fo r White, but the un­ 96. �C3 �e3 97· �c2 �e2 98. �c1 fo rtunate positions of Black's bishop and king saves him. Or 98. 't!?c3 Ad3 99· 't!?b3 't!?d2 100. 't!?a3 't!?c2 101. 't!?a 2 Aq+ 102. b3 ( 102. 't!?a 1 't!?c1 2. b4 1+ 103. b3 Abs 104. 't!?a 2 Ad3 -+) 102 . ... Abs But not 2. b3 ??, because of2. ... a3!-+. 103. 't!?a 1 't!?c1 104. 't!?a 2 Ad3 105. 't!?a 1 Ab1 and Black wins. 2 . ... axb3+

98 ... . Ad3 99· b3 �e1 100. �b2 �d2 2 . ... c;!?xb4 3- 't!?b2=. 101. �a1 �c2 102. �a2 �c1 l 41

Under no circumstances should Black Here Black resigned. The winning plan capture the pawn with his king. For exam­ is nearly identical to the Short- Kasparov ple 102 . ... 'i!?c3 103. 'i!?a1 'i!?>g7 103. 'i!?a3 'i!?b1 104. 'i!?a4 'i!?b2-+ 105. 'i!?as 'i!?h4 61. 'i!?>

103 .... Ab1 o-1

And because of 104. bs a>

* * * 34 +- D The same method was used by White in the a b c d e f h fo llowing game. 8 8

7 7 - Drazen Sermek Dresden 1998 6 6 5 5 33 +- D 4 4 a b c d e f 3 8 8 2 2 7 7

6 6 a b c d e f g h 5 5 4 4 This is another important situation. To 3 win, White has to capture the pawn on h4

2 2 without allowing the black king to reach the h8 square. Rauzer analysed endgames with rook-pawns and kings in different posi­ a c d e b f g h tions. He discovered a zone where the black king must be to hold the draw. This zone 49· c;gC4c;ggs is marked by the squares a8-a6-q-ds-e4- 49· ... 'i!?e7!?so. Aa4 +- (so. A>

71 . ... q;C] 72. q;d4 q;d6 73· q;e4 q;d7 106. q;xh4 q;f6 1o7. q;h5q;g7 1o8. q;g5 74· q;e5q;e7 75· Ae6 q;e8 76.q;f6 q;f8 77· @h8 109. h4 Y2-Y2 .Aq q;e8 78. q;g7 q;e7 79· JJ.f7 q;d6 8o. q;f6 q;d781. Ag6 q;d8 82.q;e6 Kling & Horwitz 1851 The defence is very easy: the black king 35 +- 0 has to stay on the back-rank. a b c d e f g h 82. ... q;q 83.Ae8 @d8 84. Ad7 q;q 8 8 85. q;e7 q;b886. @d6 7 7 86. 'i!?f6 @q 87. Ae6 'i!?d888. 'i!?gs 'i!?e7 = . 6 6 5 5 86 . ... @b7 87. Ag4 @b8 88. q;c6 @a7 4 89. @q q;a8 3 3 The black king manoeuvres in such a way 2 2 that it remains near the a8 square; if it is displaced from there, it heads fo r the safe square h8. abcdef g h 90. Af3+ q;a791. Ac6 The black king is outside the drawing 91. 'i!?d8 'i!?b8 (91 . ... 'i!?b6) 92. Ads 'i!?a7 zone a8-a7-d4-e5-f4-h6-h8. With precise 93· 'i!?e7 'i!?b6 94· 'i!?f6 'i!?cs !=. play White can win the game. 91 . ... q;a6 92. q;b8 @b6 93· Ab7 @c5 1. Af4 l c;;,g2t 94· q;c7 q;b51 1 . ... 'i!?f2 2. 'i!?e4 'i!?g2 3· 'i!?d4'i!?f 3 4· Ah2 94· ... 'i!?d4? 95· 'i!?d6'i!?c4 96. 1l.c6. The 'i!?g4 5· 'i!?C4 'i!?fs 6. 'i!?b4 'i!?e6 7· 'i!?xa4 'i!?d7 king must not leave the drawing zone. 8. 'i!?bs'i!?c8 9· 'i!?c6+-. 95. Ac8 @c5 96. Ae6 2. q;g4 1 96. Ad7 'i!?ds £'-'i!?es-f6-g7 97. 'i!?d8. The 2. 'i!?e4 'i!?h3 3· 'i!?d4'i!?g4 4· Ah2? 'i!?fs! s. king mustn't be allowed to reach h8. 97. ... 'i!?C4 'i!?e6 6. 'i!?bs'i!?d7 =. 'i!?d6 98. Ac8 'i!?c6 99. Ag4 'i!?b7 1oo. Af3+ 2 . ... c;;,f2 3· Ac1 l q;e24· q;f4 q;f2 'i!?b8 (100 . ... 'i!?b6 101. 'i!?d7 'i!?a7) 101. Ag2 'i!?a7 102. 'i!?e7 'i!?b6 103. 'i!?f6 @q 104. 'i!?gs If4· ... 'i!?d1 5. Ae3 'i!?c2, then 6. 'i!?es ! (6. 'i!?d7 105. 'i!?xh4 'i!?e7 = . The white bishop is 'i!?e4? 'i!?b3 7- Acs 'i!?C4 8. Ae3 'i!?b3 9. Ac1 not on the a2-g8 diagonal ! 'i!?c4) 6 . ... 'i!?b3 7· Acs 'i!?C4 8. 'i!?d 6 'i!?b3 9. 'i!?c6'i!?C4 10. .Ad6 and White reaches a po- 96 . ... q;b597· Ads @a6 1 98. Ac4+ c;;,a7 sition analysed in the line with 4· ... 'i!?d3- 99· Ad3 q;a8 100. Ae2 c;;,a7 101. Ac4 q;a8 though somewhat quicker. After 4· ... 'i!?d3 102. q;d6 q;b7 103. q;e5@q 104. c;;,f6 q;d7 5· Ae3 ! 'i!?C4 6. 'i!?es 'i!?b37 · Acs 'i!?C4 8.

15. Acs �c4 16. Ad6 �d4 17. �bs �ds 18. - Ah2 +- White achieves his aim. Baguio 1978

36 +- D 37 = D a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

That's the key position of this endgame. Without the b-pawn it would be a clear­ Black is in zugzwang. He loses the a-pawn cut draw. But the second pawn gives White and cannot reach the a8 square. the chance to play fo r a win. White can try to stalemate the enemy king and so fo rce 5· Ae3+ 'i!;>g2 6. 'i!;>g4 'i!;>h2 the advance ofthe b-pawn. 6 . ... �h1 7· Af4 �g2 8. Ag3. 74· Ae7 'i!;>a775· 'i!;>q 'i!;>aS 76. Ad6 'i!;>a7 7· Af4+ 'i!;>g2 8. Ag3 'i!;>g19· 'i!;>f3 'i!;>h1 1o. 76 . ... bs?? 77· Acs b4 78. axb4 +-. Ab8 'i!;>g1 11. 'i!;>e3 'i!;>g2 12. 'i!;>d3'i!;>f3 13. 'i!;>c4 �e4 14. 'i!;>b5 'i!;>d5 15. Ah2 77· 'i!;>cs 'i!;>a6 (see diagram 36) 77· ... �a8 ?? 78. Ab8 bs 79. �q b4 8o. axb4 a3 81. bs a2 82. b6 a1� 83. b7#. 15 . ... 'i!;>d416. 'i!;>xa4 1-0 78. 'i!;>bsb5 79· Ab4 * * * 79· �q b4! 8o. axb4 (8o. Axb4 �a7 =) 8o . ... �bs =. It is interesting to see how the addition of 79· ... 'i!;>b6So. 'i!;>cs 'i!;>c6 1 another pawn changes the defensive strat­ egy. The next example is a good model Black's king has to leave the dangerous fo r playing the endgame rook's pawn and triangle a6-a8-c8 at once. knight's pawn versus rook's pawn with 8o . ... �a6 ? 81. �q �a7 82. �c6 wrong-coloured bishop. A) 82 . ... a6 (84. ... 'i!i>a8 85. �b6 +-) 85. Ab6 +-; A3) 83. ... �a8 84. �b6 +-; 44 CHAPTER 3 THE WRONG-COLOURED BISHOP

B) 82 . ... �a6 83. Acs �as 84. Ad4 �a6 1oo . ... c-hf3 101. Ah2 <"h82 1o2. A.qc-hf] (84 . ... b4 85. Ab6+ �a6 86. a>xbs @d5 108. Ah2+-. 84. @f6 @d4 85. @e6 @e4 86. Af8 @d4 105. �d5 @84 106. �c5 �f5 107. @xbs 87. @d6 �e4 88. A87 �e6 88. �cs 'i!i>es 89. �>bs@q 92. Ad6+ (92. 'i!i>a6 Now we have reached an endgame we know @b8) 92 . ... �b7 =· already. 88. ... �f4 89. <"he6 c-hf3 90. �e5 �84 108. �c6 �f6 109. �d7 �87 110. Ae7 91. Af6 �h5 92. �f5 �h6 93· Ad4 c-hh794· �88 111. �e6 �87 112. Ac5 �88 113. �f6 �f6 �h7 114. �f7 �h8 115. Ad4+ �h7 116. 94· @gs �g8 95. @g6 @f8 96. Acs+ �e8 Ab2 �h6 117. �88 �86 118. A87 �f5 119. 97. �f6 @d7 98. �es �e8 99· @e6 �d8 100. �f7 �85 120. Ab2 �h6 121 . .Ac1+ �h7 122. Ad 6 @c8 101. �e7 @b7 (101 . ... b4! An im­ Ad2 �h8 123. ACJ+�h7 124. A87 ¥2-Y2 portant resource fo r the defence. 102. a>b7103. �e6 �c6 =) 102. @d7 b4! =. 94· ... �h61 The last endgames were difficult. To deepen Here, the corner is dangerous fo r Black. your understanding of this theme, I would 94· ... @g8?? 95· Acs �h7 96. Af8 @g8 recommend that you take a look at the final 97· Ag7 @h7 98. �f7+-. exercises 23 to 25 . Good luck and have fu n. Finally, I append a list of books with 95· Ae3+ �h5 96. �f5 c-hh4 97· Ad2 more material regarding the theme 'wrong­ �83 98. A85 �f3 99· Af4 coloured bishop': Without the pawn on bs the position is 1) Yu ri Averbakh: Comprehensive Chess won fo r White - see diagram 35· The pres­ Endings: Bishop Endings: Knight Endings: ence of the second pawn changes the result. 001 (Pergamon Russian Chess Series) 2) Edmar Mednis: Practical Endgame 99· ... �82 1oo. Ad6 Lessons (Cadogan 1997) 100. @g4 �f2 101. Ac1 @e2 102. @f4 �d3 3) Edmar Mednis: Better Endgame Play

103. �es (103. Ae3 b4! = ) 103 . ... �C4 104. (Chess Enterprises 2000) Ad2 b4! (104 . ... �cs) 105. Axb4 �bs =. EXERCISES 45

� Exercises (solutions p. 52-54) • E3-1 * rn E3-3 ** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E3-2 ** rn E3-4 ** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 46 CHAPTER 3 THE WRONG�COLOURED BISHOP

E3-s ** I1J E3-7 **** I1J a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 Jt 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E3-6 *** I1J E3-8 ** I1J a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 47

E3-9 *** rn E3-11 * rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E3-10 * rn E3-12 ** II a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 48 CHAPTER 3 THE WRONG•COLOURED BISHOP

E3-13 *** [1] E3-15 ***** 11 a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E3-14 *** 11 E3-16 ***** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 49

E3-17 ** rn E3-19 ** Ill a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E3-18 ** rn E3-20 ** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h ;o CHAPTER 3 THE WRONG�COLOURED BISHOP

E3-21 ** rn E3-23 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E3-22 **** rn E3-24 * rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES SI

E3-25 ***** [1] a b c d e f g h 8 8

7 7

6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h 52 SOLUTIONS E3·I TO E3·10

Solutions

0 E3-1 [3. c;;,h4! = J Alexei Troitzky, I896 3· ... �fi 4· c;!>g30 'h-'h I. Ae6! �e7 2.. h6 �f6 3· Afs! �f7 4· Ah7 �f6 S· �f4 �f7 6. �fs �f8 7· �£6 �e8 8. 0 E3-7 Afs I-o Gijs van Breukelen, I969 I. �d7 0 E3-2 [1. c;;,ds� c;;,r4 2. c;;,e6 c;;,g3; 1. c;;,d6� c;;,r4 2. c;;,e7 Gijs vanBreukelen, I967 c;;,gs 3· c;;,rs c;;,g6J I. hs [1. c;;,f4 � d2 2 . .Ua4d1� 3· Axd1 c;;,es] I . I, ... �f4 ... d2.2.. Aa4 diW 3· Axdi �e8 4· Ah3 e6 S· e7-g5, fS-g6. Axe6 c;!>e7 6. h6 c;!>f6 7· Afs c;!>f7 8. Ah7 I-o [ 1. ... c;;,g3 2 . .Ue6] 2.. c;!>e8! 0 E3-3 [ 2. c;;,e7 'tt>gs 0 = J Orrin Frink, I92.3 2. . ... c;!>gs I. Ad7!! c;!>e3 2.. h4 �e4 3· hs �es 4· h6 c;!>f6 [ 2 . ... c;;,rs 3· c;;,r7 +- J S· Ae8!! +- I-o 3· �e7! [ 3· c;;,r7 � 'tt>h4; 3· c;;,rs � c;;,g6 J

0 E3-4 3· .•. �g6 4· c;!>f8 c;!>h6 s. �f7 c;!>gs 6. c;!>g7 Evgeny Dvizov, I987 �fs 7· �h6 I-o I. �6 Af2. 2..�xe 3+ [2. c;;,ds� e2 3· El.f4 e1� 4· .El.e4+c;;, f6 5· .El.xe1 Axe1 6. c;;,e4 h4 7· c;;,f3 h3] 2.. 0 E3-8 ... Axe3+ 3· �ds h4 4· �e4 h3 S· c;!>64 Af Oldfich Duras, I908 6. �f2. Ah2. 7· �6 Ab8 8. �f2. Ah2. 9· �6 I. Ab4! c;!>f7 2.. a4 c;!>e8[ 2 . ... c;;,e6 3· as 'tt>ds 4· 'h-'h a6 c;;,c6 s. Aas!] 3· as �d8 4· Ad6 �c8 S· a6 I-0 0 E3-5 G. Gotsdiner, I978 0 E3-9 I. c;!>e7 Axfs 2.. a6 bxa6 3· �xf6 as 4· �es Alexander Herbstman, I92.8 a4 S· c;!>d4 a3 6. �C3 Ae6 7· c;!>c2.8. Au c;!>q I. b6! axb6 'h-'h [1. ... c;;,c6 2. Ae7 ! (2. bxa7 c;;,b7 =) 2 . ... axb6 (2 . ... c;;,b7 3· Ads!+-) 3· a6 +-] 0 E3-6 2.. a6�c6 3· Ae7! losif Krikheli, I98S [3. .Uxd6 bs 4· Acs 'tt>c7 5· .Ua7'tt>c6 6. 'tt>d3 b4 I. �XU+! �Xe2. 2.. c;!>g4! 7· 'tt>c4 b3 s. c;;, b3x c;;,bs =] [ 2. 'tt>g3 'tt>f1 0 3· c;;,r3 (3. c;;,h3 'tt>h 4· 'tt>g4 'tt>g2 s. 3• ... �c7! 'tt>hs Ae3 6. 'tt>g4 .Ugs 7· 'tt>fs 'tt>[J -+) 3· ... .Uh [3 . ... bs 4· Ads ds s. c;;,d3 b4 6. c;;,d4 0] 4· 'tt>g4 c;;,g2 s. c;;,hs .Ue36. c;;,h4 Ad2 7· c;;,g4 4· Axd6+! �c6! 5· �d3 bs 6. Acs! �c7 Ags -+] 7· Aa7 b4 8. c;!>c4 I-o

2.• ••• c;!>ei [ 2 . ... Ae3 3· 'tt>g3 c;;,fi 4· c;;,h2 =] 0 E3-10 3· c;!>6! unknown, I9II SOLUTIONS E3·II TO E3·I6 53

I. ct>ei! Ab3 [1. ... �xgz] z. Wxds+ ct>xds 3· 'i!i>f8=] �dz 'h-'h 4· ... gxf4 S· e4 h6! 6. xf4 ct>hs 7· c;!;>[J 0 E3-11 [7. e6 ct:lxe6+ 8. Axe6 'it>g6 =]

Gioacchino Greco, I6I9 7· ••• c;!;>gss. e4hs 9· h4+ I. �h8+ �c8 z. �xeS+ ct>xc8 3· Aa6!! bxa6 = [g. i&cB ct:lg6 10. e6 'i!i>f6 = 6ctJf8-e6] 'h- 'h 9· ... xh4 10. £4 Ctle6+! II. Axe6 stale­ mate IJi-IJi 0 E3-12 Reshevsky - Tatai, Netanya 1973 0 E3-15 so . ... Ctl>czctJa2 52. 'i!i>b3 CLlci+ 53· 47 ... es!! @bz +-; so . ... tLlg151. 'i!i>e3 6�f1, ctJf2 Mednis [ 47· ... ctJc4 48. b3 LLlas 49· �d1 c4 so. b4 +- 51 . ... gs sz. �f1 (52. 'i!i>fz lLlh3+=) 52 . ... g4 53· Yusupov] i&gz 'i!i>f6 54· 'i!i>fz ctJh3+ 55· l&xh3 gxh3] 48. fx es Ctlc449· fz s•· gxf4 gs! sz. fx gs h6! = [49· e6 ct:lxbz so. g6 c4 51. Ads C3 52. Ab3 ct:ld3 [sz . ... h6 53· h4 hxgs 54· hxgs 'i!i>g6 =] 53· e7+ 'it>xe7 54· g7 c2! 55· Axcz 'it>f7! 56. Axd3 'h-'h 'i!i>xg7 = Mednis] 49· ... ttlxes 0 E3-13 [ 49· ... ctJ b2?x so. 'it>e3! Petrosian] Gijsvan Breukelen, Ig8o so. Ae4 g7 SI·b3 Ctlf7 sz. g6 ttlgs�� I. ct>ez bs [52. ... LLles 53· 'i!i>e3 LLlxg6 54· Axg6 'i!i>xg6 = [1 . ... 'i!i>d7 2. 'i!i>d3 Afs+ 3· 'i!i>xc3 Axcz 4· 'i!i>xc2 Petrosian ss. 'i!i>e4 'i!i>f6 s6. ds 'i!i>fs 57· 'i!i>xcs @c6 5· 'i!i>b2 =; 1. ... AC4+ 2. 'i!i>e3 bs 3· 'i!i>d4 =] 'i!i>f4 58. b4 'i!i>g3 59· bs 'i!i>xh3 6o. b6 'i!i>g2 61. b7 z. Aa4! h3 62. b8� hz =] [2. 'it>d3? b4 3· 'i!i>d4 'i!i>e7 -+] 53· 1Hs+- £6 54· e3 Ctle6 SS· Axe6

z• ••• Ac4+ c;!;>xe6 s6. c;!;>e4 f6 57·ds c;!;>xg6 ss. ct>xcs [2 . . .. bxa4 3· 'it>d3 =; 2 . ... !l,d73· 'it>d3! (3. Ab3? fs 59· b4 £4 6o. bs c;!;>g3 b661. 1-o Afs 4· 'it>e3 'it>d7 S· 'i!i>d4 c2 -+) 3· ... b4 4· Ab3

@e7 (4 . ... Abs+ 5· 'it>d4 = ) s. 'it>c4 =] 0 E3-16 3· di bx� 4· c;!;>cz a3 S· c;!;>xqd7 6. Anatoly Kuznetsov, 1965 �cz Au 7· c;!;>q d6 8. b4IJi-IJi I. e7 ACJ+ [1 . ... Ac7+ 2. 'it>a6 ! 'i!i>d7 3· f6 ct:lf74· i&hsCLld6� 0 E3-14 5· e8�+ LLlxe8 6. f7 +-] Petukhov - Kuznetsov, SSSR 1977 z. a6 d7 3· f6! I, ... gs! 2.. es+ [3. 'i!i>xbs?Af 6! -+]

[2. fx gs+ 'i!i>xgs 3· 1!.xh7(3. es LLlxes ! = ) 3· ... 3· ... Ax£6 4· c;!;>xbs ttlgs! lLlf6! = 6CLle4] [4 . ... ct:lfs?5· l&g4 =; 4· ... ctJf7 s. e81i1+! 'it>xe8

2.• ••• c;!;>g73· Ae6 6. Ahs =; 4· ... 'i!i>xe7 5· .Ac2=] [3. e6 ct:lf6 =] S· Acz h6!

3· ••• ttlfs 4· Afs [s . ... hs� 6. i&g6=] [ 4· fs ct:Jxe 6+ s. fxe6 'it>fs 6. 'it>e4 hs 7· 'it>fs g4 8. 6. Afs+ es! 7· Ag6+! xe7 s. Ah7! hxg4 hxg4 g. 'i!i>xg4 'i!i>e710. fs 'i!i>e8 'i!i>f611. fs 9· Axgs c;!;>xgs 10. c4! hs II. d3 h4 54 SOLUTIONS E3-I7 TO E3-25

1�. �u h3 13. �f�! Aa7 =]

(13. @f3� 1l.h4; I3. @fi� 1l,d4] I • ••• Ah4+

13. ..• h� 14. �g� Ih-Ih [ 1. ... �e6 2. a6 +-] �. �u Ag3 3· a6 Abs 4· Af4! 0 E3-17 (4. �d3� W. Mees, 1940 A) 4· ... �es� 5· �c4 �d6 6. �bs (6. Af4+ 1. Ad6! [1. 1l.cs �xes 2. tiJc7@c4 3· @g2 @b3 4· �c6 =) 6 . ... Aa7 = 7· Aa5 ; tiJbs @a4 =] 1• ••• �xd6 �. CDb6�es 3· CD3.4+ B) 4· ... �e6 ! 5· Af4 (s. �c4 �d7 6. �bs 1La7 =) �e4 4· CDbH �b3 5· 3.4 1-0 5· ... �d5! 6. Axb8 �c6 =]

4· ••• Aa7 5· Ae3 �e6 0 E3-18 (s . ... Ab8 6. �d3 �e6 7· �c4 �d6 8. �bs �C7 W. Mees, 1940 g. Ad4 +- �c8 10. �c6] 1. Ae;! (1. Ad6 @xd6 2. tiJb6 @cs 3· tiJa4+ 6. Axa7 �ds 7· �d3 �e6 s. �e4 +- 1-o

@b4 =] 1• ••• �xes �. CDe7 �b4 3· CDd;+ �e4 (3. ... @a3 4· tiJc3 @b4 5· a4] 4· CDf4 �b4 5· 0 E3-23 &De��a3 6. CDe11-o Paulsen - Metger, Nurnberg 1888 I. �e4� 0 E3-19 (I. �cs� b6+! =. The correct move was 1. �d4!! Osmo Kaila, 197S �c6 (r. ... b6 2. a6! �c6 3· �c4 �d6 4· @b4 1. �xdJ! (1. @xci� tiJq 2. @c2 @c4 (2. ... @d4� �c6 S· Ab8 b5 6. Aa7! �c7 7· �xb5 +-; 1. ... bs 3· @d2) 3· @d2 @d4 4· @ei @e3 S· @fi lt:Je26. 2. a6! �c6 3· �c3 �d6 4· �b4 �c6 5· �as +-)

@ei tLlg3] 1• ••• Af4 �. �u Axh� 3· �fJAes 2. Ab6! (2. �c3? b6 3· a6 �bs =) 2 . ... �d6 (2. 4· �f� Ih-Ih ... �bs 3· �d5 �a6 4· �d6 �bs 5· �C7 �a6 6. �b8 +-; 2 . ... �d7 3· �c5 �c8 4· Aa7 �c7 5· 0 E3-20 �b5 +-) 3· �c4 �c6 4· �b4 �d6 5· �bs �d7 6. Osmo Kaila, 197S ggi �C7 7· Ah2+ �d7 8. �b6 �c8 g. Jlg3 +-]

1. �xed (r. @xdi� .fH4 2. @e2 Axh2 3· @f3 1 • ••• bs+ �. axb6+ �b7 3· �bs �as 4·

@fs -+] 1• ••• CDe3 �. �d� CDfi + 3· �e1 &Dxh� Abs �xbs ;. �e6 �es Ih-Ih 4· �f� CDg4+ (4. ... lt:Jf3 5· @xf3 = (s. @g3� tLlgs) J ;. �g3 h� 6. �g� Ih-Ih 0 E3-24 Sveshnikov - Gulko, Moscow1983 0 E3-21 75· Ah7! +- [75· Ac4+ @f6 76. �f4� (76. N. Megvinishvili, 1973 Ad3 +-) 76. ... g5+ =; 75· �f4� @g8 =] 1-o 1. a; Ads �. a6 Ab6 3· Ae1 Aa7 4· Af� �es ;. Axa7 �d6 6. Ab6 �e6 7· Aas 1-o 0 E3-25 V. Kosek, 1930 0 E3-22 1. �hs gs! G. Umnov, 19S6 [I. ... �r, 2. Ads+ �f6 3· h4 @f5 4· Af,�f 6 s. I. Ad�! Ae6! �xe6 6. �g6 +-J (1. a6 Ae3 2. @e2 Aa7 3· gd2 (3. @d3 @e6 4· �. �h6 g4 ! @c4 @d7 5· Ae5 iLxcs =) 3· ... @e5 4· Ae3 [2 . ... �f5 3· h3 �f6 (3 . ... �f4 4· �g6) 4. Ads @d5 s. Axa7 @c6 t,@b5 6. Ad4 @c7 =; 1. @e2 �f5 5· �g7 g4 6. h4 +-J �J4 2. a6 Ab8 3· @d3 @e6 4· @c4 @d7 s. @b5 3· Ads! SOLUTION EJ-2S 55

[J . .Ue4�f7 4· Ah7! (4. �h7 �f6) 4· ... �f6 7· Ahs �f8 8. �h7 +- Averbakh] (4 . ... �e6 5· Ag8+ �f6 6. Ads �es 7· Ab7 see 3· ...

Score table

N� Points Your Points N� Poi nts Your Points N� Poi nts Your Points

1 1 11 1 21 2

2 2 12 2 22 4

3 2 13 3 23 3

4 2 14 3 24 1

5 2 15 5 25 5

6 3 16 5

7 4 17 2

8 2 18 2

9 3 19 2

10 1 20 2

total 64

Poi nts Pl ayi ng Strength less than 5 points begi nner 5-10 poi nts ELO 800 - 1000 11 -20 poi nts ELO 1000 - 1500 21- 30 poi nts ELO 1500 - 1800 31- 39 poi nts ELO 1800 - 2100 40 -48 poi nts ELO 2100 - 2200 49 -53 points ELO 2200 - 2300 54 -58 points ELO above 2300 59 -64 poi nts ELO above 2400 57

4 Exchanging Pieces

Exchanging is arguably the most important Black has a weak pawn on e6. The element of positional play. Fundamentally, opposite-coloured bishops are another im­ most games are mainly just a series of dif­ portant factor. As a general rule, that can fe rent exchanging operations. Grandmas­ make the game more drawish. If I am to use ter Kotov recalled the advice given to him the active potential of my pieces, I have to and Smyslov by the experienced master Mak­ avoid simplification. agonov before a game at Venice 1950. 'Why 18. e3 !? sharpen the game? Exchange queens, leave a rook and two or three minor pieces on the I take control over the d4 square, and so board, and you will win easily. Which pieces avoid unfavourable exchanges. have to be exchanged and which have to re­ 18. ... .§.d619. h4 h6 20 . .§.e4 .§.fd8 21. main? Ve ry fe w of today's chess players can Ah3 l? �f7 successfully grapple with this question. In tactics they are in their element, but in this 21 . ... es ?! 22. c;!;>g2 .§.d123 . .§.xd1 .§.xd1 24. matter you will out-class them.' This is in­ Ac8 ± . deed one of the most important questions 22. �g2 1? that should concern a chess-player during 39 • a game. Often the right answer acts like a key to the position. The next example shows how easily one can then develop the correct 8 """'!-"''""""'---� plan. 7 ,.=.;;�----=-� 6 * * * 5 Artur Yusupov- Kevin Spraggett Quebec (ct3) 1989 D

a b c d e f h 8 7 a b c d e f g h �=-� 6 With my last two moves I prevented the 5 exchange of a pair of rooks. 4 �.--1 3 22. ... .§.e823 . .!3.c1 1 [ 6 .§.c2,lL:Jd2] I came to the conclusion that the main task now was to activate the knight. I can do that by moving it to d2, the only square a b c d e f h g where I don't need to fearan exchange . So the s8 CHAPTER 4 EXCHANGING PIECES first stage of the plan becomes clear: the rook must cross to c2. Then the knight has the option of moving to q. 23. ... �e7 24. �c2 b6? [ o24. ... �ds]

25. �f4l ± [6�c6] 25 . ... �g6 25 . ... �g8 ? 26. tt::ld2 t::.tt::le4 xf6. 26. g4 l Aa1 27. �c1 Ab2 28. �c2 Aa1 29. a4 !?

29. hs+ �h7 30. gs g6!; 29. �fq tt:Jes ;!; ; a b c d e f g h 29. �f8!?. I must not exchange the rooks ! 29. ... tDes 40 0 33· �d2 Aq 34· �d6 �h7 35· gs hxgs a b c d e f g h 36. hxgs Ab4 37. �dd8?1 8 Sadly, I now missed the powerful 37. 7 g6+!! 't!?h6 38. Afs!, which would have de­ 6 cided the battle at once. 5 37· ... �g6 [ 037· ... g6 38. �f6-->] 4 38. �f3 �f7 39· �h8 es 40. Ag4 exf4 3 2 2 Nevertheless, I succeeded in weaving a mating net. 42 0

a b c d e f g h 8 8 The situation has changed. Black's king 7 7 is unsafe and the pawns can be advanced 6 6 to attack it. of knights is no 5 5 longer a problem. 4 30. tDxes+ Axes 31. �f8 1 3 3 6f4-->� 2 2 31 . ... �dd7?1

a b c d e f h 031 . ... �h7 32. f4 Aa1 33· gs g6 ±. g 32. f4�C7 59

fxe3+ 42. �g3 what was, potentially, the most dangerous of Black's pieces. The game continued and Black resigned. 44 0

Vladimir Kramnik- a b c d e f h Linares 1997 8 .. 8 43 0 7 .l.t. 7 a b c d e f g h 6 6 8 I .i.. .l. • 8 5 5 7 .l.l.i.. �'iV ...... 7 4 4 6 ... .t..l 6 [jj� 3 5 � � 5 2 2 4 � [jj 4 3 iL [jj 3 a b c d e f h 2 ��'f!fiL ��� 2 g ��� 15. etJxc8 i!axc8 16. i!e4 'Wf7 17. i!fe1 a b c d e f g h i!e8 18. b4 a6 19. a4 with a clear advantage to White. Here Kramnik played a move that was, * * * to many spectators, incomprehensible: How do you develop a fe el fo r exchanges? 14. tDd6!?, First of all, study the games of grandmas­ and after the fo rced ters and try to understand when and why they exchange. The most suitable games are 14 . ... tDfs of course those annotated by the players he exchanged off the passive bishop, still themselves. Analyse your own games, pay­ sitting on its starting square, fo r his active ing particular attention to exchanges; and knight. Why did he lose a couple of tempi keep exchanges in mind during the game. to make an exchange that looks, at first For instance, ask yourself whether it's sen­ glance, quite illogical ? Kramnik is a wonder­ sible to remove a particular pair of pieces fu l player. He doesn't just see the present po­ from the board. sition, he also understands how the game I hope this book provides you with will develop. Let's suppose that White had enough training material on this theme. Un­ played instead the quieter 14. a3 lbf8 15. b4 fo rtunately there is too little decent material Ad7 16. lbg3 Ae8 17- 'i:tb3Ag6 . on this subject, but I can at least recom­ (see next diagram) mend the classic Euwe/Kramer book 'The Comparing both diagrams we can see Middle Game' (Vol. 6, chapters 3 and 4, Vo l. that the 'passive' bishop has become, ar­ 10). Yo u will findma ny additional ex amples guably, Black's most active piece ! With a in the book 'Positional Play' by Dvoretsky well-timed exchange, Kramnik eliminated and Yusupov. 6o CHAPTER 4 EXCHANGING PIECES

� Exercises (solutions p. 69-73)

• E4-1 * [1] E4-3 * 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-2 * [1] E4-4 * 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 61

E4-5 * • E4-7 * [1] a b c d e a b c d e

8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 � 3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-6 * • E4-8 * • a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 62 CHAPTER 4 EXCHANGING PIECES

E4-9 * [1] E4-11 * 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 .1. 8 7 7 6 6 ..i. 6 5 5 5 ·� 5 4 4 4 .*- � 4 3 3 � [jj � 3 2 2 �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-10 * [1] E4-12 ** 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 • 8 7 7 7 .l 7 6 .l 6 5 ·�-*- 5 4 4 4 � 4 3 3 3 � �� 3 2 2 2 �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 63

E4-13 * rn E4-15 ** 6 a b c d e a b c d e

8 I 8 8

7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-14 **** rn E4-16 ** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 64 CHAPTER 4 EXCHANGING PIECES

E4-17 ** • E4-19 ** rn a b c d e a b c d e f g h 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-18 *** • E4-20 ** • a b c d e a b c d e

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 65

E4-21 ** [1] E4-23 * III a b c d e a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7 6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-22 ** [1] E4-24 *** [1] a b c d e a b c d e

8 8

7 7 7 7 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 66 CHAPTER 4 EXCHANGING PIECES

***

a b c d e 8 7 6 5 4

2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-26 *** 11 E4-28 *** 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 8 .1. 8 7 7 j. 6 6 6 5 5 5 j. 5 4 4 4 fj, 4 3 3 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 67

E4-29 *** n E4-31 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 .. 3 3 2 � 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-30 ** n E4-32 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 � 4 3 3 3 2 � 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 68 CHAPTER 4 EXCHANGING PIECES

E4-33 *** rn E4-35 ** 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E4-34 **** 11 E4-36 ***** [l] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h SOLUTIONS E4•I TO E4-8

Sol utions

0 E4-1 32.. 'i!?d3 .§.es! [ 6 E!.as] 33· .§.b:z. eDd7 34· 'i!?d4

Botvinnik - Kan, Leningrad 1939 .§.as 3S· .§.e:z. 'i!?e6 •36 .§.e6+ 'i!?fs 37· .§.e7 eDes 16. CDe4! Wds 17. tDxf6+ (I7. tUxes� 12tb6] 17. 38. ges The threat is 39· f4 . Instead 3S. f!.xg7

... Wxf6 18. Ae4 .§.bs 19 • .§.adl ±. White gains tLlxf3+ 39· �e3 Z'!.a3+ 40. �e2 tLld4+ 41. �f1 co ntrol over the important central square ds. E!.xa2 -+ was bad. continued in the next solution 0 E4-2 Botvinnik - Chekhover, Leningrad 1938 0 E4-6 13. Axf6! ( I 3. tLld2�! ll.xe2 I4. E!.xe2 exd4 IS. (sequel to E4-5) cxd4 cxd4] 13. ... Wxf6 14. 'We4 Ax6 IS. The threat is 39· f4 . By exchanging rooks White

Ax6 eDe6 16. dxes dxes 17• .§.dl .§.ads 18. gains counterplay, as his king can attack the a6 l3ds±. In this game, exchanging enabled Botvin­ pawn. Smyslov finds a tactical way to exchange nik to carry out the same strategic plan as against the minor pieces! Kan: he gained control of the ds square. 38 . ... .§.a3! [6f!.d3; 3S . ... Z'!.xcs� 39· �xes +±; 3S . ... f!.a4+ 39· 'i!tc3 f!.a3+ 40. 'i!tb4 Z'!.xfJ41. a4

0 E4-3 gs 42. 'i!tas +±] 39· Axes .§.�+ 40 • .§.e4:! (o4o. Boleslavsky - Smyslov, Leningrad 1948 'i!te3fx es 41. Z'!.c2E!.a3+ 42. �e2 as 43· Z'!.d2g6

I4. ... Axq! A protected knight in the centre is 44· !1c2 hs 45· Z'!.b2 f!.c3-+ 646 . ... 'i!tf4] 40 • often stronger than a bishop. IS· bxq 'We7 (xCJ, ... fx es+ 41. 'i!?ds .§.xa:z. -+ (41. ... f!.xc4 42. es] 16. exds exds 17. e4! (17. iH4�gs ! I8. Ag3 �xc4 �f4 -+] 42.• .§.g4 gs and White resigned. (IS. Ae3 121xes) IS . ... /Lid2; 17. 12fe3� 12txes 18. f3 \S'xc3-+] 17• ••• Wxes 18. Af4 0 E4-7 continued in the next solution Smyslov - Tal , Moscow1969 13. eDh4! Ae6 (13. ... Z'!.ad8 I4. tL:lxfs gxfs 1s. 0 E4-4 f4 ;!:;]14. Axe6! bxe6 IS· CD£)f6 (1s. ... Ag4 16. (sequel to E4-3) tLles Axe2 I7. Z'!.ei Qa618. tLld7Z'!.fe8 I9. tUxes 18 . ... 'Wq ! 19. exds [ � 19. 12fxc3 tL:lxc3 6CLle2] Ac8 20. Z'!.adi ±] 16. eDd:z. .§.fds 17. CDe4 e4 18. 19 . ... Wxf3 :z.o. gx6 (xf2-f3-h2] :z.o. ... CDq tDes±.

2.1. Axe7 eDxds :z.:z.. Ag3 .§.fes + 2.3• .§.fdl .§.es 2.4. l3d:z.h6 ( � 24 .... f6 x 7. Rei he] :z.s. .§.el.§.ae8 0 E4-8 2.6. Ad6:! (o26. �g2] Furman - Smyslov, Rostov-on-Don 1971 continued in the next solution :z.o. ... ttldes! 2.1. ttlxes (21. 12txd8 E!.fxd8 22. Axg7 �xg7 23. tUxes tUxes 24. f4 CLlc4 25. o E4-s Z'!.e2 f!.d3 26. 't!?f2 tL:lxb2 +] 2.1. ... 'Wxd:z. :z.:z..

(s equel to E4-4) Axd:z. Axes 2.3• .§.bei Ad4 [t.tLles] 2.4. Af4 Black exploits his opponent's carelessness and ex­ (24. CLle2tLles 2s. tL:lxd4 cxd4 + 6CLld3, CLlc4] 2.4. changes a pair of rooks. His opponent no longer ... eDes:z.s. Axes [2s. CLle2tLld3 26. tL:lxd4 cxd4 has any counter chances. 27. 1l.xb8 E!.xb8 28. Afi tL:lxei 29. f!.xe1Ac2 30.

2.6. ... l3ei! + 2.7• .§.xel .§.xei+ :z.S.�g:z. eDb6 2.9. Z'!.e2f!.x b2 31. Z'!.d2l'ta2 +] :z.s. ... Axes :z.6. .§.e:z. Ag3 l3e630. �fi :! (030. Z'!.d6! E!.xd6 31. Axd6 e6! 2.7.Afi (27. f4 Ad4+ 2s. 't!?h2Ac4 t] 2.7. ... f5 J2. f4 �f7 33· 'i!ff3 +) 30 . ... f6 31. �e:z. 'i!?f] gs! :z.8• .§.d:z..§.fd8 2.9• .§.xdS+.§.xd s 30. lDbs e4 70 SOLUTIONS E4-9 TO E4-I7

3I. tlJc3 [Jr . .Uxc4 l'!c8-+] 3I . ... l3.d2 -+ o-I. 0 E4-14 (sequel to E4-13) 0 E4-9 Here Fischer fo und a great solution to the prob­ Timman - Die:z; del Corral, Lu:z:ern( ol) 1982 lems of the position, one that has impressed I9. Wg4! (rg. g4�! l'!ae8] I9· ... Wxg4 20. many chess players since. Perhaps Kramnik hxg4 ± Black has two weaknesses: e4 and h7. gained inspiration from this classic game when he At the same time White's pawn on g4 cuts out made his surprising decision to exchange against the enemy knight from the game. 20 • ••• Af4 Dreev. 2I. �d2! l3.f6 : (021. ... l'!ae8] 2.2.. Axe4 h6 23. 22. ttJxd7+!! l3.dfi l3.afS 24. l3.6 Axe3+ 2S· �xe3 l3.Sf7 26. Why did Fischer exchange his active and cen­ l3.fh3 hs I-o. tralised knight fo r the passive bishop� Above all, he wanted to remove all his opponent's hopes of 0 E4-10 counterplay. Black wanted to exchange the bishop Kasparov - Vukic, Skara 1980 by playing 22 . ... ilbs.That could have been pre­ 36. Axf6! gxf6 37. l3.di (37- l'!.dr.El.x dr 38. 'i!;>xdr vented by 22. a4, but then 22 . ... 1!,c6 would 'i!;>cs 39· gs fxgs 40. fxgs hxgs 41. h6 +-] I-o. fo llow, threatening to exchange knights with 23 . . . . ct:Jd7. 0 E4-11 2.2.. ... l3.xd7 23. l3.ci [ t::.l'!c6] 23 . ... l3.d6 Ghinda - Yusupov, Dubai (ol) 1986 [ t::.ll:Jd7] 24. l3.c7 tlJd7 (24. ... He8 2S. ftxe8+ IS. ... Axq I9· bxq as 'What prompted Black ctJxe8 26. Ha7 +-] 2s. l3.ezg6 (2s . ... as 26. bs; to exchange his bishop fo r the knight� First, the 2s . ... ll:Jb6� 26. f(.ee7] 26. �f2 hs 27. f4 ! ±. once on a6 has turned into a dangerous passed pawn. Second, the remaining 0 E4-15 bishop is obviously stronger than its white col­ Ra:z;uvaev - Yusupov, URS Cup 1984 league.' (Mark Dvoretsky) 20. Wd3 :! (o2o. Acr Black has to exchange his opponent's active

!:::. Aa3] 20 . ... Wd7 2I. ACI Afs u . Wd2 h6 knight. 23. Aa3 l3.a6! + 24. l3.fi 11 . ... ttJfd7! I2. ttJxd7 ttJxd7I3· tlJd2E1.cs =. continued in the next solution 0 E4-16 0 E4-12 Yu supov - Wirthensohn, Hamburg 1991 (sequel to E4-11) It is very important fo r White to exchange a pair 24. ... l3.g6:! Seriously sloppy. White can ex­ of rooks. He can then act more effectively against change rooks, and that increases his survival Black's weaknesses on b4 and g7. chances. The correct move was 24. ... 1!,e4! and 26. l3.bs! l3.hb8 27. l3.xb6 l3.xb628. gs hxgs 29. then .El.g6+. 2S· l3.f3! Ae4 26. l3.g3 l3.xg3 27. hxgs tlJd7[ 29 . ... ll:JeS�! 30 . .IThrll:Jq 31. f(.h7 hxg3 a4 2S. bxa4 bxa4 +. 'i!;>fs 32. l'!h8+ 'i!;>e733· 'i!;>crll:Jx a6 34· JS:a8 ll:Jc7 3S· l'l.xa7 'i!;>d7 36. 'i!;>br+-] 30. E1.hi ±. 0 E4-13 Fischer - Petrosian, Buenos Aires 1971 0 E4-17 I6. Acs! l3.feS I7. Axe7 l3.xe7 IS. b4! [ �18. Renet - Yu supov, Dubai (ol) 1986 ct:Jcsas] IS . ... �fs I g. ttJcsAcs 20. f3 ! ± l3.ea7 I6. ... Axes! I7. dxes tlJe4+ I8. ttJxe4 dxe4 2I. l3.es Ad7 I9· Aa3 cs 20. Ab2 ttJf8 [ 20 . ... EL:Jbs!� +] 2I. continued in the next solution l3.di Ah, (21. ... Yxdr] u. Wq ttJg6 23. E1.d6 SOLUTIONS E4-18 TO E4-26 7'

Ac6 2.4. �adi 1984] IS· a4 a6 [ � 15. ... c6 16. dxc6 bxc6 17. continued in the next solution iLlf5! Axfs 18. exf5 +-] I6. bxa6 �xa6 I7. as c6 I8. dxc6 �xc6 [,0,.1'1c4-d4] I9. �fdi �ec8?! 0 E4-18 (019. ... g6] zo. b4 �c4 (sequel to E4-17) continued in the next solution Black wants to exchange all the major pieces with­ out having to open the a1-h8 diagonal. 0 E4-23

2.4• ••• C2Jh8! [,0,iLlf7] zs. �fi C2Jf7 z6. �xd8+ (sequel to E4-22) �xd8 2.7. �xd8+ Wxd8 z8. �ei gs 2.9. Wdz? zi. tDfs ! Axfs n. exfs ds 2.3. bs [ � 23. Axds

(029. "!ic2 ,0,g4] 2.9• ••. Wxdz+ 30. �xdz 1'1d4 24. "!ia2 iLlxds 25. .1'1xd4 exd4 26. "!ixds �h6 +. "!ixb4] 2.3. ... hs 2.4. a6 bxa6 zs. bxa6 e4 2.6. Afi �cz 2.7. Wd4 ! +-. 0 E4-19 Smyslov - Tal , Bled (ct1), 1959 0 E4-24 IS· Wd3 ! �fc8 I6. �fci Wxd3 I7. cxd3 g6?! (17. Botvinnik - Sorokin, Moscow1931 ... iLlcs� 18. iLlxcs dxcs 19. d6; 17. ... �fs !� 18. White exchanges Black's only active piece, and l'!c3�e8 19. .1::l.aCI �ds ;!;]I8. �C3 �xq I9· bxq then continues his attack on the queenside.

�c8 zo. c4 (,0,1'1b1 xb7] zo . .•. e4! ZI. dxe4 zo. We3! Wxe3 zi. fx e3 Ag4 zz. as tDcs [22. �xc4 n. CDdz ±. ... iLlbd7 23. h3 AxfJ 24. gxf3 iLlc5(24 . ... 1'1fds 25. iLlds!) 25. b4 iLle6 26.Jlxe 6 fx e6 27. iLla4 0 E4-20 ,0,Q\cs] 2.3. �ci Ax6 (23 . ... 1'1e8 24. h3 Ahs Ragozin - Botvinnik,Len ingrad (mS), 1940 (24 . ... Ae6 25. Jlxe6 .1'1xe6 26. 1'1d8+) 25. iLlh4!

Io . ••• Axq+! n. bxq dxc4 12.. CDd4 [ � 12. ,0,g4] 2.4. gxf) CDe7 zs. CDds CDc6?! (25. ... �xc4 iLlxcs 13. "!ibsAx c4 14. "!ixcs "!id3 15. iLlfxd5 26. Axd5 iLlxd5 27. !1xd5 ±] 2.6.tDxf 6+ 1Llg1 .1'1ad8 -+; o12.o-o iLlxcs 13. "!ibs"!ias 14. gxf6 2.7. �d7 �ab8 (27. ... iLlxa5 28 . .1'1cc7] 2.8.

�xc4 "!ixbs 15. Axbs Jlxa2 +] Iz• ••• Ads �fz! (,0,l'1gi] 2.8. ... CDxas 2.9. �cc7 �bc8 30. [613. ... es 14. iLlc6Jlc6] IJ. Ah6 �e8 [ � 13. ... �Xf7 +-. es 14. Jlxfs exd4 15. cxd4 "!ixfs 16. Axc4 oo] 14.o-o es IS· tD6 (15. iLlb5a6 16. iLla3 Wh4-+] 0 E4-25 '5· . . . tDxcs I6. Wbs b6!? + (16. ... "!ia5 '7· Estrin - Kletsel,corr 1975 �xc4 "!ixbs 18. Axbs Jlxa2+]. I6. Axb6! Wxb6 I7. Ac4 ± (xf], d5] I7 . ... exf4 I8. Axf7 �f8 I9· Ae6+ �b8 zo. �d3 0 E4-21 Was zi. �hdi ±. Smyslov - Botvinnik, Moscow(wchu) 1957 n. CDd4! (11. iLld2� !1xd2 12. �xd2 iLlxe4+ -+; 0 E4-26 II. Ad4�! iLlxd4 12. iLlxd4 iLlxe4 13. fJ iLlxc3] Marshall - Schlechter, Oostende 1907 u . ... CDxe4 u. tDxc6 bxc6 IJ. Axa7 Afs I4. IS· ... �ac8?! 6 CDd6 IS. a4 ±. In such positions it is vital to be the first to open the long diagonal. The correct continuation was 0 E4-22 15 . ... iLle5! 16. iLlxe5 Jlxe5 '7· iLlxb5 Axb2 18. Yusupov - Hernandez, Thessaloniki(ol) 1984 1'1c7"!ies 19 . .1'1xb7 axb5 20. "!ixb2"!ic6 21. 1'1e7 '3· CDbs! CDxbs I4. cxbs Ad7 (o14. ... a6 l=ifcS! (21. ... "!id6=) or 19. 4Jd6 19. ... "!ids 20 .

15. bxa6 .1'1xa6 16. a4 ;!; Razuvaev - Huss, Wien .1::l.xb7 "!ixd6 21. "!ixb2 "!ic6 22. Z'l.e7Wd6 = (22. 72 SOLUTIONS E4•27 TO E4-34

... f{fcs!? .0.�fs). 0 E4-30 16. �e4! �xe4 17. Axe4 fs 18. Ah1 es 19. (sequel to E4-29) .!3.fdl ±. Black exchanges one bishop and cakes away all his opponent's counter chances.

0 E4-27 2.6. ... �b4! 2.7. a3 �a:z.:z.8. fs �xcr 2.9• .!3.xcJ Fischer- Keres, Zurich1959 hs -+. 6o .... il.£,� By a timely exchange ofrooks Black could have 0 E4-31 reached the draw: 6o . ... Abi+! 61. �xf4 f{fs+ Smyslov - Reshevsky, Moskau (web) 1948

62. 'i!?g4 f{f6 63. f{xf6 'i!?xf6 = . 61. Ac8! [.0.1lg4 Smyslov finds an elegant way to emphasise the 61. �xf4� f{hs=] 61• ••• .!3.g6 [ 61. ... f{cs 62. weakness of d6. Ag4 f{c4+ 63. 'i!?es+-; 61. ... f{hs62. f{b6! (62. :z.s. Axe6! fxe6 2.6. Wh4! Wd7 2.7. Wd8+ .f{xhs Axhs 63. �xf4 �xf3! = )]6z • .!3.h7 (62. Wxd8 2.8. Axd8 �d7 :z.g. Ac7 �cs 30. f{xg6 Axg6+ 63. 'i!?xf4 'i!?f6 =] 62.• ••• �f8 63. .!3.xd6 +- .!3.c8 (30. ... tLlxe4 31 . .f{xe6 +-] 31.

Ag4 [.0.64. l"!f7 'i!?f7 6s. �hs]6J • ••• .!3.p (63. Ab6 �ao4 32.• .!3.xe6 �xbz 33· .!3.xes �c4 (n. ... l"!xg4� 64. frxf7+ +-; 63. ... .f{b6!� 64. .f{hS+ ... frxCJ 34· .£d4xg7] 34· .!3.e6�xb6 3S· .!3.xb6

(64. 'i!?xf4 'i!?gs 6s. .f{h4 .f{b4+ 66. 'i!?g3'i!?g7) .!3.xq36 • .!3.xb7.!3.cz 37· h4 .!3.xa:z. 38. �g:z. +-.

64 . ... 'i!?g7 6s. l"!ds .f{b4+ 66. 'i!?es±] 64 • .!3.h6 .!3.g6 Now it's roo late. White gets control over 0 E4-32 the important gs square. 6s • .!3.xg6! Axg6+ 66. Karpov - Spa.ssky, Riga 1975 �xf4 �P 67. �gs! +-. Karpov chooses a fo rcing continuation and guar­ antees himself a material advantage.

0 E4-28 zo. Wxa7! �xf:r. :r.r. Ctlxds Axds u. Wxe7 Jimenex-Zerquera - Larsen, Palma de Mallorca, �xdr :r.J• .!3.cr .!3.bs :r.4. Wb4 Axg:z. :z.s. �xg:z. 1967 �xe3+ :z.6. �gr .!3.e62.7. Wf4 .!3.d8 14 . ••• Axes! continued in the next solution Larsen discovers that in chis posicion the knight is stronger chan the bishop. 14 . ... LUxes 15. dxes 0 E4-33 d4 16. Axe6 fx e6 17. cxd4 leads co only a slight (sequel to E4-32) advantage fo r Black. It is important fo r White to eliminate any possi­ IS· dxes d4! 16. Ah6 .!3.fd8 17. Axe6 fx e6 18. ble counterplay and to exchange a pair of rooks.

.!3.fer (18. �g4� LUxes]r8 . ... .!3-ds 19. Af4 .!3.f8 :r.8. Wd4! .!3.de8 :z.g. Wd7 Ctlg4 30 • .!3-cs �f6 31 . :z.o. g3 (2o. Ag3 d3 +] :z.o• ••• .!3-fs+. .!3.xe8+ .!3.xe8 32.. Wb7 .!3.e633· Wb8+ Ctle8 34· a4 g6 3S· b4 �g7 36. Wb7 hs 37· h3 �f6 38. 0 E4-29 �g:z. .!3.d639· as bxas 40. bxas .!3.e641. a6 �c7 Tal - Botvinnik,Moscow (wcht8) 1961 42.. a7 .!3.e7 43· Wc6+ �es 44· �6 1-o. When playing against Tal, exchanging queens was advisable. 18 . ... Wa6! + (18 . ... tLlas .0.CUc4 0 E4-34 19. �bs+ tLlec620. gs (20. l"!bJ!?) 20. ... hxgs Spa.ssky - Karpov, Montreal 1979 21. hxgs ctJc422. �C1] 19. Wxa6 bxa6 zo. hs Tartakower noted that the main advantage of the

�d7 2.1• .!3-br .!3.b6! u . �g3 �as [.0.tlJc4] 2.3. two bishops is that you can part with one of them .!3.xb6 axb6 2.4· r.... �C4 zs. Acr �c6 2.6. .!3.dr at the right moment. continued in the next solution 2.3. ... Axq! 2.4. bxq .!3.f6! + zs• .!3.fd:z..!3.eJ! SOLUTIONS E4•3S TO E4·36 73

[ � 2S- ... Ax f3 26. gx f3 �ee6 27- 'i!?g2] 2.6. tbgr [26. �xd6 �xd6 27. �xd6 Axf3 28. gxfJ tt::les 29. f4 lLlfJ+ 30. 'i!?g2 �xc3 31. �ds tt::ld4 32. �xes 0 E4-36 l'!b3 33· �ds �b2+ -+] z6 • ••• �6! 2.7• .l3.xd6 Grigorian - Kupreichik, Riga 1975

�xd6 2.8• .l3.xd6 �e7 2.9• .l3.d3 .l3.er 30. Aaz If White doesn't do something dramatic, Black

[30. Ac2 tt::les 31. �d2 ctJxc 4 -+] 30 • ••• .l3.CI!­ might consolidate his position and take complete + [L"l�c2] 31. tb6 [31. Ab3 tt::les 32. �e3 'i!?f6 control of the ds square. Grigorian fightsdynam­ t,.�bi] ically fo r the initiative. continued in the next solution zr. A6 !! [L"l22. Ads �ds 23. Ae7] 2.1. ••. Ax6 zz. gxf3 [L"lds] u . ... 'Mds [22 . ... �c7 23. �e3 0 E4-35 e6 24. ds!; 22. ... �cB 23. ds! �xes 24. d6] 2.3. (sequel to E4-34) Axe7 Wx6 2.4. Wgs! Wxa3�! zs. ds ± Wa4

31 • ••• Ax6! 32.· .l3.xf3 tbes 33· .l3.e3 �f6 34· z6. d6 Wd7 2.7• .13.d3 as • zs .13.6 Wc6 2.9• .l3.ee3

Ab3 as 0 3S· Aa4 tbxc4 36• .l3.e8 [ � 36. �d3 a4 30 • .l3.d3 'Md7 31 • .l3.xf7!+- a3 [31. ... 'i!?xf] 32. tt:lb2-+] 36 . •.• .l3.xq37· .l3.c8 tbe338. Abs c4 �ds+ �e6 33· �f3++-] 32..Wds �h8 33· Af6

[o38 . ... �c2 39· .1lc6li::l fi + 40. 'i!?g1 ctJxg3 -+ 'Mg4+ 34· .l3.g3 'Me6 3S· Axg7+

Score table

N� Poi nts Your Points N� Points You r Points N� Poi nts You r Points

1 1 13 1 25 3

2 1 14 4 26 3

3 1 15 2 27 3

4 1 16 2 28 3

5 1 17 2 29 3

6 2 18 3 30 2

7 1 19 2 31 3

8 1 20 2 32 3

9 1 21 2 33 3

10 1 22 2 34 4

11 1 23 1 35 2

12 2 24 3 36 5

total 77

Poi nts Pl ayi ng St rength less than 4 poi nts begi nner 4-10 points ELO 800 - 1000 11 -20 poi nts ELO 1000 -1500 21 -28 poi nts ELO 1500 - 1800 29 -36 poi nts ELO 1800 -2100 37 -52 poi nts ELO 2100-22 50 53 -65 poi nts ELO 2250- 2400 mo re than 65 poi nts ELO above 2400 75

• 5 Passed Pawns the Middlegame

A central passed pawn in the middlegame -Jan Tim man often constitutes a sign ificant advantage. Novgorod 1995 To p players like Kasparov and Kramnik are 45 D very fo nd of playing with passed pawns in a b c d e f g h the centre. Such positions are usually very 8 8 dynamic and contain hidden tactical pos­ 7 7 sibilities. Sometimes players sacrifice one or even two pawns to get a strong passed 6 6 pawn . 5 � �fj, 5 4 :1 4 Advantages of passed pawns: 3 3 1) They are in themselves dangerous, as 2 2 they have the potential to promote to "iV a queen. �

2) They tie up enemy pieces. a b c d e f g h 3) They control important squares deep in the 's half ofthe board. Kramnik exploits the poor coordination 4) They often disturb communication in the of Black's pieces with a tactic. enemy camp - pieces cannot switch so 20. .l'!a4 �b3 21 . .l'!)(as �)(d1 22. .l'!)(d1 easily fro m one side ofthe board to an­ b6 23. d6! other. In such cases, a direct attack on the enemy king becomes a possibility. From this moment on, the fa r-advanced 5) Using the passed pawn as cover, pieces passed pawn plays a decisive role in the can find a way into the opposition's side game. of the board . 23 . ... .l'!ac8

Drawbacks of passed pawns: 23 . ... b)(a5 (23 . ... e)(d624 . .Axb6 +- ) 24. 1 ) One can lose them ! dxe7 .l'!fc8 25 . .Axa8 �xa8 26. �d7 �b8 (26. 2) If the pawn is blockaded at the right mo­ ... �c8 27- g3 ; 26 . ... �e8 27- 'i!?f1 +-) 27. g3 ment, it can impede the activity of its a6 28 . .Ad4+-. own p1eces. 24. d7 76 CHAPTER 5 · PASSED PA WNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

46 • The final preparation before the decisive a b c d e f h king march. 8 8 i!xaS 30. AxaS b4 31. Ads �g7 32. �f1 ! 7 7 Black cannot prevent White's king going 6 6 to c8, supporting the pawn's promotion. 5 5 32. �f1 fs 33· 'i!te2 Aq 34· 'i!td3Ad8 35· 4 4 'i!tq +-. 3 3 1-0. 2 * * * Methods of play fo r the side with the abcdefg h passed pawn: 1) Drive the pawn down the board to the 24 . ... i!cdS queening square, fo rcing away ­ Now all Black's pieces have to fight aders. against the powerful passed pawn on d7. 2) Use the central squares to invade with The mobility of the rooks is severely limited your p1eces. and the presence of bishops of opposite 3) Attack on the wings, using the passed colour will not save Black. The piece sac­ pawn to distract the enemy fo rces. rifice 24 . ... bxas!? offered more defensive chances: 2S. dxc8W i!xc8 Artur Yusupov- Paul van der Sterren A) 26. Axa7 a4 27. 'i!tf1 a3 28. Ads (28. Amsterdam 1994 i!d2 Ab229 . Ads i!d8!) i!c2; B) 26. Ad4! Axd4 27. i!xd4±. 1. d4 ds 2. C4 e6 3· CDC3 lDf6 4· cxds CD)(ds S· e4 CD)(C3 6. b)(C3 cs 7. CDf3 c)(d4 8. 25. Axe7 Axe7 c)(d4 Ab4+ 9· Ad2 A)(d2+ 10. Wxd2 o-o Kramnik evaluated this endgame more 11. Ad3 lDc6 12. WC3 !? Ad7 13. i!b1 l g,s accurately than his opponent. 14. Wd2 AeS?l 25 . ... bxas? 26. Axf6 +-. 47 0 26. i!xa7 i!bS a b c d e f h 26 . ... Acs 27. i!e1 fs 28. Ads+ 'i!tg7 29. 8 8 i!e8 +-. 27. i!e1Ads 6 6 5 5 27 . ... Af6 28. Ads bs 29. �e8! �bxe8 30. dxe8W gxe8 31. Axf7+ +__:. 4 �� 4 3 � tLJ 3 2S. ges bs 2 � � ��� 2 28 . ... Af6 29. �a8 +-. .: � .: 1 29. gas ! a b c d e f g h 77

White seizes the chance to create a cen­ 21 . ... �XC1 22. �XC1 +- 6�q. tral passed pawn. 22. �xes 15. ds ! exds 16. exds t£Je7? 22. l2Jes?! �ds oo. To o passive. It was better to play 16 . ... 22. ... bxcs 23. !iJes Was We7+ (Of course not 16. ... 18fxds, due to 17. Axh7+) 17 . .Ae2! (17- 18fe2 18fxe2+ 18. 'i!?xe2 Or 23 . ... 18'b624. d7 �d8 25. l&'d6! ± with lLlas= ) lLles 18. o-o �d8 19. �fd1 and White the idea 26. l&'e7. White's pawn is unstop­ only has a small advantage. Now I can use pable. the same tactical trick fo r a second time 24. f3 �d8? and advance the pawn fu rther. This loses the game, but even the 48 D stronger 24 . ... Ads 25. d7 �d8 26. �d1 Ae6 a b c d e f h g 27. 18'd 6 C4 28. 18lq would not have changed 8 8 the result of the game. 7 7 49 D 6 6 a b c d e f h 5 5 8 8 4 4 7 7 3 tt:J 3 6 6 2 � �� 2 5 5 }d }d 1 4 4 3 3 a b c d e f g h 2 2 17. d6! ± t£Jg6 18. Axg6 hxg6

18 . ... fx g6 19. o-o �f6 20. �fd1 Aa4 was a b c d e f g h not better, because of 21. 181ds+ 'i!?h8 22. d7 gq 23. lLles! .Axd124. �xd1 and Black has use the superior coordination of my no answer to 25. l2Jf7+. A pawn on the sev­ pieces and my control over the central enth rank is a huge asset. squares to launch a quick attack against the enemy king. 19. 0-0 b6 25. t£Jxf7l +- 19 . ... Ac6 20. lLles±. Black resigned, because of 25. ... 'i!?xf7 20. �fe1 �cs 21. �bc1 l 26. �e7+ 'i!?f8 27. 18fc3+-. Playing on with­ 21. lLles ?! f6 ; 21. �bd1?! Aa4. out the pawn on f7 seemed pointless. I exchange my opponent's only active 1-0. piece and take the whole centre under con­ trol. * * * 21 . ... Ac6 CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

Methods of play against the passed pawn : In the last example we saw that a passed 1) Blockade the passed pawn as soon as pawn can also play a negative role by block· possible. ing out its own pieces. Sometimes the best 2) A more effective, though sadly not always policy is to sacrifice the central pawn so suitable, method: capture the pawn. as to open diagonals and files. The central 3) Create a passed pawn of your own so square that was previously occupied by the as to deflectthe opposition fo rces from pawn can be used to penetrate into the en­ supporting their own pawn. emy camp.

Artur Yusupov- Sergey Dolmatov Artur Yusupov - Eugenio To rre (wchj) 1978 Leningrad 1987 50 • 51 D a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 II • 8 8 �I· 8 7 • ••• 7 ..•• 7 6 � 6 6 • 6 5 5 5 ·�� � 5 4 4 � 4 3 � 3 3 � 3 2 II ��� 2 2 � 2 � ;:(�

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Here Black can blockade the passed Black was hoping fo r 21. �e2? lLld6!oo, pawn in good time. and the knight reaches its dream position.

24. ... Acs 25. �d2 CL!e8 1 21. d6!! +- A standard manoeuvre. The knight is a This unexpected move wins the game. splendid blockading piece. Black can no longer coordinate his army. The pieces in the centre come under heavy 26. �e1 tiJd6 27. tLJxd6Wxd 6 28. Wb1 fire. �e8 29. �de2 �xe2 30. �xe2 g6 31. We4 Ab6 + 21. ... ttJxd622. Aa2 q?! In spite of the bishops of opposite colour, The main line was: 22 . ... tt:Jfs 23. t:l.de1 Black could have played fo r a win here be­ t:!.ad8 24. Ads!! (24. �f2 lLld3) 24 . ... lLlc4 cause of the weakness of the b3 pawn. The 25. Axq t:l,xd2 26. t:!.xe7 t:l,xb2 (26 . ... t:l.d4 passed pawn on ds obstructs White's play 27- t:l.e4+-) 27- lLld1! t:l.c228. Ab3 and White . . in the centre and blocks the long diagonal wms a p1ece. fo r the light-squared bishop. Luckily fo r me, Now White uses the central point ds fo r my opponent didn't need to win this game the decisive attack. and offered me a draw. TRAINING MATERIAL 79

23. �ds l Acs+ 24. c!>h1We6 25. Axes! 0

a b c d e f h Black resigned as he loses the queen after 25. ... �xes 26. �fe1 Wfs 27. CiJe7+. 8 1-0. 6 s 4 Trai ning material 3 ....._--�=--- ! 2 Note: -- �='JZ�L� The three main methods of play with the passed pawn (see earlier) are marked be­ a b c d e f g h fo re the move or diagram with A1 to A3; the positional sacrifice of the passed pawn is marked A4; and the three methods of play against the passed pawn are marked 54 81 •

81 to 83. a b c d e f h 8 Aaron Nimzowitsch - Fritz Samisch Copenhagen 1923 6 52 B1, A1 • s a b c d e f h 4 __,.,..____.... _ , 8 8 3 3 J-='!"01�-1 7 2 2 l ..!!!!li!U:::�""...... ,.-- J!'!!"'!"!\ 6 6 ��- �-- -...... �-- �-' s s a b c d e f g h 4 4 �-"-- -1 20 . ... �d7 21. axbs axbs 3 3 �- -==--�1 2 A2 22. We7 22. Wb4 �b6 23. �xa8 �xa8 24.

a b c d e f g h ctJe2 ltJcsLctJd3. 22 . ... Wd8 22 . ... �ae8 23. �b4 �b6 24. �as (Nimzowitsch). 23. d6 15 . ... Ad6 16. Af4 l Wq [ 16. ... gs 17. Axg2 24. c!>xg2 �f6 :!f24 . ... �xa1 25. �xa1 t2Jxf7 Axf4 18. coh6+ 'i!?g7 19. gxf4 'i!?xh6 �e8 26. �xd8 �xd8 27- cods! ltJcs28. ctJe7+ 20 . fx gs+ __. 't!?xg5 (2o . ... 'i!?g721 . �c3+ 'i!?g8 �f8 29. ctJc6 �c8 30. �a7 ± L�q. 25. �fd 1 22. Ah3) 21. �h1 L�g1 (Nimzowitsch)]. 17. �xa1 26. �xa1 Wxe7 :!f 26 . ... �b6 27. �q! ; ctJd3 l a6 [ 17 . ... c4 18. Axd6 �xd6 19. �x bs :!f26 . ... �e8 27. �q! �xq28. dxq�c8 29. Aa6 20. �cs +- (Nimzowitsch)]. �d1!. 27. dxe7 �e8 28. �a7 gs So CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

83 AC3 [20. Aa3?! b5! � (Makarychev)] 20 •••• [o28 . ... b4!?] 29. �e2 Axe]21 . gxC3 Wd6 22. ge3 l g6 [ 22.. .. �f8 ? 23. 'Mb1! /::,. 18fh7; !tb3 (Makarychev)] 55 • a b c d e f 57 A3 0

8 a b c d e f g h 8 8

6 7

5 6 6 5 5

3 4 4

2 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h abcdef g h 29 . •.• �d5? [ o29 . ... b4 11 30. �d4 [ o3o.

�c3 ±] 3o•• .. �xe7? [o30 . ... b4] 31.�xb5 23. h4J h5 24. Wb1 [t:,.!tb3] 24 . ..• Aa6 25 . qx6 32. �61 �xa7 [32 .... !tb8 33· !txf7 �h2 gds 26. f4 Acs 27. gb3 Af5 28. Wbz !txb2 34· �xq !tc2 35. �d6±] 33· �xeS gbs 29. Wd4 b5 30. gC3 Ad7 [3o . ... Wb6 �b5 34· �f6+ �1.735· �d5 ±. 31. 'Me5 ( Makarychev)] 31. Wa7 � 32. gc7 gds 33· a3 Ae8 * * *

Artur Yusupov - Vladimir Tu kmakov Frunze 1979

8 8 - • 1 �. 7 7 ...... ,..,....,..__ '""'=- 6 6 8 1-.- 5 7 ��·= 6 6 '-·.._,. 3 5 5 1----''.-..-. 2 4 4 f-,- 3 a b c d e f g h

34· f5 l gxf5 [34· ... ftd7 35· ftxd7 Axd7 (35· ... 18fxd736 . 18fe3±) 36. f6 ! ± gs? 37· Ae4! l:l a b c d e f g h 38. Wa8 18ff8 39· Ah7) 35· gC3 1 Ad7? [35· ... 19 . ... as [ 19 . ... Etcs20. ftxcs !Mxcs21. Ah3! f4 36. 18fd4 ±; 35- ... 18ff6 ) 36. Wd4 fte8 37· Wd8 22. d6 ± ( Makarychev); 19 . ... 'Md7] 20. Af] TRAINING MATERIAL 8!

59 B1 • A2 a b c d e f g h 24. �c1 \Ma625. E!.qbs 26. Cbd4 [ 26. E1.e8! D. 8 8 lLles+-] 26 . ... \Mb6 o26[ . ... l/1d 6 27- tlJxbs l/1d2 28. E1.f1 lLlb3!] 27. �c8 1 +- Cbb7 [ 27. ... 7 7 b4 28. f1.e8 1/1xd4 29. f1.xf8+ E1.xf8 30. E1.xf8+ 6 6 �xf8 31. 'l1cs+!! +-; 27. ... g6 28. E1.xd8 1/1xd8 5 29. 1;!1x +-;bs 27 .... 1;!1xd4 28. E1. x d8 xd8E1. 29. 4 !!e8++-] 28. Cbc6Cbd6 3 3 61 A1 D 2 2 a b c d e f g h 8 8

a b c d e f h g 7 7

37· ... \Mes? [ 037 . ... !!c8!] 38. \M)(es �)(es 6 6 5 5 A1 4 4 39· �C? Ae8 40. d6 �e3 41. Ads ! c;;,g7 [ 41. 3 3 ... E1.d342 . d7 +-] 42. d7 A)(d7 43· �)(d7 �d3 2 2 44· Ac6 1 +-.

* * * a b c d e f g h

Boris Spassky- Tigran Petros ian 29. Cb)(d8 11 Cb)(fs 30. Cbc6 1-o. Moscow (wchs) 1969 * * *

6o A3 D - a b c d e f Riga (cqf3) 1965 8 8 7 62 A1 D 6 6 8 5 5 7 7 4 4 6 6 3 3 5 5 2 4 4 3 3 a b c d e f h g 2 2

20. \Mf4 ! [20. Wxe2 E1.xc2 21. E1.e7! ±] 20 .••.

W)(a2 21. d61 �cd8 22. d7 \Mq23. 'rl!Jfs h6 a b c d e f g h [ 23 . ... l/1c624. lLlesl/1e6 25. l/1e2] 82 CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

24. bxcs ttJxcs 25. ttJxcs dxcs 26. d61 "We6 64 A3 D 27. i'!d1 Ad7 28. Ag3 fs [ 28 .... ttJfs 29. Ag4 ! a b c d e f g h 1;3fg630. i'!f2 ± (30. ttJds ttJxg3 31. Axd7 ctJxf 1 8 8 32. !! xf1 i'!f8 33· ctJe7+ Axe7 34· d xe7 ±) 7 630 . ... Ae6 31 . .Q.xfs .Q.xfs 32. 1;3rds+-] 29. lDbs [29. ttJdsAc6 6Ads] 29 .... i'!f8 [ �29. 6 � 6 ... Axbs 30. cxbs 61;3rc2, Aq; 29. ... a6 5 5 30. ctJq .Q.xq 31. dxq Aa4 (31 . ... Ac6 4 ..i.. � 4 32. 1;3las +-) 32. !!b1 Ac6 ± (32 . ... 1;3lc6 33· 3 � 3 1;3fds++-)] 30. "Wc1 [30. ctJq .Q.xq31. dxq Ac6 xq] 30. ... Wf6 2 f!J �

63 A2 D a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 .. .a 8 36.g4! Ac6 37· gxfsl2Jxfs38. Ag4 Ad7 [38 . ... .Q.xds 39· cxds 6d7; 1;3ff2 +- (Euwe)] 39· 7 ..i.. 7 .l.l Wxb7! Ae6 [639 . ... ttJxd640. f1.xf7! ttJxb7 6 � 6 41. !!xd7+- (Euwe); 39· ... ttJxe3 40. 1;3fxd7! 5 5 (40 . .Q.xd7+-) 40 . ... f1.xd7 41. Axd7 i'!a8 4 4 42. ct:lf6+ +- ( Polugaevsky)] 40. Wb1 l2Jxd6 � 3 41. Axe6 Wxe6 42. Axd6 Wxd6 43· Wxe4 i'!b8 44· !!xf7 �xf7 45· Wh7+ �e8 46. i'!f1 2 "We647· h3 ! i'!c848. Wg7 Ae7 49· i'!fsAd6 so. i'!f6 [so. !!f6 1;31es51. !!f8+ +-] 1-o.

a b c d e f h g * * *

31. CDC]i'!c8 [31 . ... Axq!? 32. dxq Ac6 33. Viktor Korchnoi - Boris Spassky !!d61;Yf7 (33· ... 1;Ye734 · !!fd1 t; 34· !!g6!? ) Belgrade ( c{7) 1977 34· !!h6___. ] 32. lDds We6 33· "Wb2 Aa4 [33· ... Ac6!? 634. Aes (34· !!d2!? t) ltJe8 35· A1 D

Ahs (35· g4 !? t) 35· ... ltJxd636. Ah8 1;3fh6! oo a b c d e (36 . ... 1;Yd7? 37· ltJb6!axb6 38. f1.xd6)]34· 8 i'!c1 [34· !!d2!? 6Aas 35· ltJe7+] 34· ... i'!f7 7 35· Aes Wg6 [35· ... ltJe8? 36. Ahs; 035· ... Ac6 ± 36. g4!? fx g4 37- f1.xf7 �xf7 38. i'!f1+ -->] 5 .._.., ...... __! 4 4 -·.--..,-- 3 1 3 2 �

a b c d e f g h TRAINING MATERIAL

20. tbc6! Axc6 21. bxc6 .Q.xq [21 .... Wxc6 Yuri Razuvaev - Artur Yusupov 22. lt:\e4Wd7 23. ltJxf6+ gxf6 24. Wd4 ±; D21. Minsk 1979 ... Wb4 A) 22. lt:\a4 �a6 23. Wd3 (23. e4!?) b5 24. q �c8 25. lt:\c5 �c6 26. lt:\d7Ac3 ; B) B1 • 22. lt:\e2 �ac8 23. lt:\d4 ;!; (23. lt:\f4 �d6) 623 . ... �d6 24. a3!] 22. gxq gac8 23. Wc2

B3 23 . ... e5 24. C7 gd7 25. gC1 d4 26. gc6 Wd5 27. Wb1 d3 28. V:Jxb6 d2 29. gd1 V:Jxa2 66 0

a b c d e 8 .1. 8 7 � · 7 6 �� a b c d e f h 5 . g 24 . ... Wc6 25. c5 b>

�d1+ 30. �xd1 Wxd1+ 31. 'i!?g2 Wg4+ = ; 26.

Wxc5 We4 = ] 26 . ... g6 27. gd1 gxd1+ 28. V;txd1

a b c d e f g h 68 • a b c d e f g h 30. h3 !! [30. Wb7 Wa4 31. Wxc8+ 'i!?h7 32. 8 8 'i!?h7 34· �xd2 (34· Wh8+ c;!;>xh8 33· c8W+ 7 7 �c2 Wa1!-+) 34· ... Wd1+ 35· �xd1 �xd1#] • 30. ... Wa4 31. gxd2 gxd2 32. Wb7 gdd8 6 if 6 [32 . ... �xq 33 · �xq WaH 34· 'i!?h2 e4 35· 5 � �c8+ 'i!?h7 36. Wxe4+ g6 37- �q+ +-] 33· 4 cxd8W+ gxd8 34· gq Wa1+ 35· �h2 e4 3 il 3 36. Wxe4 Wf6 37· f4 +- Wf8 38. ga7 V:tc5 2 2 39· Wb7 Wq 40. We7 gf8 41. e4 Wd4 � 42. f5 h5 43· gxa5 Wd2 44· We5 V:tg5 45· �a6 gf7 46. gg6 Wd8 47· f6 h4 48. fxg7 a b c d e f g h 1-0 28 . ... �f8 29. Wb3 Ae5 30. Wa3 a6 31. Wb4

* * * Aq ! = 32. a4 'i!i>e8 33· Wd4 e5 34· Wc4 �e7 35· Ag5+ 'i!i>f8 36. 'i!i>f1 Ad6 37· Ah6+ �e8 38. Ae3 Aq 39· �e2 �e7 40. Ag5+ 'i!i>e8 41. g4 hxg4 42. Wxg4 Aa5 43· Wc4 Y2 -Y2

* * * CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

Artur Yusupov- 82 Linares 1983 17 . ... !!ac8 18. h3 l ;t [ 180 !!fc1 c4! (X)J 18 . ... 'i!?f8 19. �fc1 'i!?e7 [ 19. oo. C4 20° b4! 6 a4] 20. a4 ! ( 200 Q:le2 'i!?d6 210 Q:lf4 gs! oo]2 0 . ... b4 21. tt::le2 Ads [210 000 'i!?d6 220 !!d1+ Ads 23° Q:lf4 !!es 24° Q:lxds Q:lxds 2So !!d2 'i!?xc6 260 !!xds !!xds 27- !!d1 !!cd8 280 b3 =] 22. Axds tt::lxds 23. gxcs 'i!?d6 24. !'k2 �xc6

25. !!d2'i!?q l 26. !!ad1 [ 260 Q:ld4 !!C4= ]26 . ... tt::lf6 27. tt::ld4 !!q 28. tt::lb3 !!e7 29. tt::las 4 4 Y2 -Y2. 3 3 * * * 2 � 1� Artur Yusupov - Zoltan Ribli

a b c d e f g h Montpellier (ct) 1985

10 .... Ad6! [ 100 000 kg7 110 Ae2 b4 12° Q:la4 71 A2 0 Q:lxds 130 Ag3 ±] 11. Ae2 o-o [ 110 000 Wq?! a b c d e f g h 120 Ag3! Axes? 130 d6 ±] 12. o-o ge8 8 .I .t.'iV 8 7 6 6 5 � � 5 4 4 3 � 3 ��� 2

a b c d e f g h

a b c d e f g h 81 18 . ... tt::ld6 [ 180 000 !!b8!? ; 180 000 1&'d6 190 13. tt::lc6 tt::lxc6 14. £xd6 Wxd6 [ 140 !!c6] 19. 'Md4l? ;t [ 61&'f4; 190 Q:ld4 Ad7 20°

Q:ld4!? 1So Axes Q:lxe2+ 160 Q:lxe2 1&fxds 170 Q:lc6Wf6 = ] 19 . ... Wb6?! [ 190 000 1&'f6t] 20. 1&fxds Q:lxds 18. Q:lc3 Q:lxc3 19. bxc3 t] 15. 1A'f4 l (200 !!c6 1&'xd421o Q:\xd4 !!d8 220 !!q dxc6 Wxd1 16. Axd1 [ 160 !!fxd1? b4-+] 16. !!d7= ] 20 . ... Ad7 21. tt::ld4 !!fe8 [ a21. 000 ... Ae6 17. Af3 !!ae8] 22. tt::lc6 tt::lq TRAINING MATERIAL ss

72 A2, A3 0 Artur Yusupov - Bachar Kouatly a b c d e f g h To luca (izt) 1982 8 J. J. • 8 7 . i. ••• 7 74 61 0 a b c d e f g h 6 'ii'tb 8 8 5 • ·� � 7 .. 4 � 6 6 3 5 5 2 � 4 4 3 3 a b c d e f g h

23. �fe1 ± [xf7] 23 . ... tLlb2 24. Ae4 ! tLlc4 2s. h3 h6 26. Ad3 [t:.CL\e7] 26 .... tLlb2?! [26. a b c d e f g h ... JLxc6 27. dxc6 �xe1+ 28. �xe1 �xc6 ?! 29. Ae4 �e8 30. Ah7+ +-] 14. �C2 ;t C4 [ 14 . ... b4 1S. �xb4 �xa2 16. �Xa2 cxb4 1]. Ad2 ±] 1S· �xbs C3 16. Ae3 73 0 Axf3 17. Axf3 �C4 18. !!b3 tLla6?! [ 18. ... a b c d e ( g h �a4 19. �fb1 tLld720. a3 6�b4 ±] 19. �fb1 thcs20. �b4 �d3

7S 61 0 a b c d e 8 I. 8 7 6 6 5 �� 5 4 � � 4 a b c d e f g h 3 .iVibib 3 2 2 27. Ab1 ! Axc6 28. dxc6 +- �xe1+ 29. �xe1 � � �� Wxc6 30. Ae4 [30. �b4! CL\q(30 .... �f6 31. :g We4 +-) 31. Ae4 +-] 30 . ... �C3 [30 . ... �c4 a b c d e f g h 31. �d2 �e8 32. Ah7+ 't!?xh7 33· �xe8 +-] 31. �C1 CL\d3 32. �xf]+ ! [32. �xc3? t2Jxf4 21. Ad1 ! ± �feB [21. ... �xc2 22. Axc2 �xaz 33· �f3 CL\e2+ 34· 'i!?f1 �e8 3S- �e3 CL\d4 36. 23. Axes �xe2 24. Axq +-] 22. Axes Wxe2 Ah7+ 'tt>f8 +] 1-o 23. Axc2 �xes 24. �b8+ �c8 (24 . ... �xb8 2s. �xb8+ Af8 26. a4 �C4 27- as �d4 28. a6 * * * �d2 29. a7 �xc2 30. �xf8+ +- (30. g3 +-)] 2S. �xc8+ �xeS 86 CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

83 77 82 • 26. a4 Ae5 27. c;!lf1 f5 ? 28. exf5 gxf5 29. a b c d e f g h A)(f5+- ik5 30. Ac2 c;!lg7 31. l3d1 Af4 32. 8 lit 8 g3 Ad2 33· l3a1l3a5 34· c;!le2h6 35· f4 c;!lf7 36. l3b1 c;!le8 37· l3b5 l3a738. l3b6l3a5 39· Ab3 h5 40. l3h61-o. 5 * * * 4 3 Artur Yusupov - Igor Stohl 1999

82 • a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 ,1. .i..rif 8 17. ... tlJq !18. Wxb7 W)(b7 19. A)(b7 tDe6 20. l3ad1ttJxf 421. gxf4Ad4! = 22. b4 l3xd6 7 ...... ,--.----...= 23. bxc5 [230 bxcs Axes 24o l3xd6Axd6 2So 6 6 4&\ Ei:c1 Axf4 260 Ei:c8=] Y2-Y2. 5 5 * * * 4 4 Artur Yusupov- Sergey Dolmatov Leningrad 1977

81 • abcdefg h a b c d e f g h 8 13.. .. Wb6 ! 14. d6 Ae6 ( 14. 000 l3d8 1sotUds �)(d6 160 Ags (160 l3e1 Ae6 170 Ags 55) 160 000 f6 170 Af4 t] 5 5 A2 4 4 15. tlJd5Axd 5 [ 1So 000 �xd6?? 160 tt:lf6+ ] 16. 3 Wxd5 l3ad8 17. Af4 [ 17° Wxb7 �xb7 180 Axb7 l3xd6=]

a b c d e f g h

14. ... etJe8 l 15. tlJd2 [ 1So tt:le4!? c3 160 �xa6 cxb2 17. Ei:ab1 +; o1so bxq tt:ld6 tUbs160 +] 15. ... tlJd616. tlJxC4 Af6 + 17. l3fe1 l3e818. CDe4A)(c 4 19. bxc4 CD)(e4 20. A)(e4 l3xe4 21. Wxe4 Axb2 22. l3ad1Ad4 -+. * * * TRAINING MATERIAL 87

Vladimir Kramnik- Artur Yusupov 81 A2 0

Dortmund 1997 a b c d e f g h 8 8 79 A2 0 7 7 a b c d e f g h 6 8 • 8 5 7 � ••• 7 �- .p 4 6 ._ I�. . 6 '--, j _L 3 3 5 5 � [ 2 � 4 � 4 r-- 3 � ttJ f!{ 3 a b c d e f h 2 � �� 2 g 1 � � 1 39· .!3d3 1 [ t:.13c3] 39· ... �g7 40 . .!3q Wbs

a b c d e f g h 41 . .!3c8+- [ .0.Wd 8-h8# ]41 . ... Wxb2 [ 41 .... We5+ 42. �h1 Wf4 43· Wd8 +-] 42. Wxd7 33· Wgs l Wf8 [33· ... f6 34· We3! Wf7 35· [ 42. Wd8 �h6 43· cuc3' cuf6 44· Wf8+ +-l Wa7 +- (t:.cub6?) 42 . ... .!3>Cf3 43· Wd8 Wes+ 44· g3 1-o.

* * * 8o A1 0 Vladimir Kramnik- a b c d e f h g Manila (of) 1992 8 8 82 A3 0 a b c d e f g h 6 .I • 8 5 5 7 � • • 7 4 � 4 6 �· 6 3 5 • 5 �� 2 £il 4 � 4 � � 3 .i. � 3 a b c d e f h g 2 � ttJ �� 2

36. Wxb6! !!xb6 37· d7 +-] 34· We7 +- Wc8 � � 1

34· ... Wxe7 35· dxe7 cuf6 36. lUe4+-] a b c d e f g h

A3 20. g4 l h6 21. h4 a4 22 . .l3d3 Ab2 l 23. gs 35· .l3d4 (t:.cue4, Wd7!; 035. h5!+-; �35· h)(gs 24. h)(gs CL!h7 25. f4 ! .!3as? [o25 . ... �e4 35· ... !!cn:t]35 · ... 1"ks 36. CL!e4 .!3fs exf4 26. 13d5! lDf8 27. cuxf4 'i!?g7]26. Eids f6 [36 . ... .!3c1+ 37· �h2 e5 38. 13b4 �g7 39· 27. _!3xh7! �)(h7 28. gxf6 exf4 29. es �h6 �g5 +-] 37· �h2 hs?l [ 037- ... Wc6 ± ] 38. f3 30. CL!xf4 Axes 31 . .!3xes .l3xd732. Axd7 Wc6 .!3xes 33· f7 1-o. 88 CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

Vladimir Kramnik-judit Polgar Vladimir Kramnik- Madrid 1993 Las Pa lmas 1996

83 A1 0 84 A1 0 a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

1S. d61 �xa2 19. �a1 �xa1 20. �xa1 Ae6 16. d5 ! exd5 [ 16 . ... �e7 17. d6 �xd6 (17. [20 . ... a6 21. lt:Jb6�b 8 22. lt:Jxc8 �xc8 23. ... 1J.xd618. lt:Jg6 hxg6 19. 1J.xd6±) 18. lt:Jd3 d7 +-] 21. tLla5 �eS 22. tLlxb7 �e2 23. �xa7 �e7 19. ct:Jxb4 �xb4 20. Ad6 ± (Kramnik); h6 24. Ae3 �xb2 25. h3 ± �b6 26. �h2 g5 16 . ... Ac5?! 17. f!d3 Aa6 18. f!d2 Ab419. lt:Jc6f!x c6 20. dxc6 ± (Kramnik)] 17. exd5 A1 27. �aS+ �h7 2S. �eS �g6 29. Ae4+ [29. B1 �xe6+ fx e6 (29 . ... lt:Jxe6?? 30. £xb6+-) 17 . ... Ad6 [ 17- ... 1J.xd5?18. f!d3± L.l'!c5 19. 30. d7 Af6 31. d8� £xd8 32. lt:Jxd8 ±] 29. Ae3 f!b520. a4 f!a521. lt:Jc4+- ; 17 . ... lt:Jxds ... �f630.g4�a6 31.Ad3 [31. Axd4! exd4] 18. f!d3 lt:Jxf4 19. gxf4! ±; 17. ... Ac5 18. �d3 Aa6 19. f!d2±] A1 [32. Af5 Axf5 33- gxf5 'i!fxf5 34· d7 Af6 35· 85 A2 0 d8� Axd8 36. f!xd8±] 31 . ... �e6 32. Ae4 a b c d e �eS [32 . ... f!a633· Axd4!] 33· �xeS AxeS 8 8 34· tLle5Ae6 35· Ad2 tLlb3 [35· ... Af8 36. d7 7 'i!?e7 (36 . ... Ae7 37- Aa5) 37· Ab4! lJ.xd7 38. ct:Jxd7+ 'i!fxd7 39. 1J.xf8 +-] 36. tLlxb3 lJ.xb3 6 6 37· d7 �e7 3S. Ae6 Af6 [38 . ... Ae6 39. 5 5 Ab4+ 'i!?d8 40. Aa5+ +-] 39· Aa5 �d6 40. 4 4 Ab5 Ae2 [ 40 . ... 'i!tc5 41. Ae2] 41. dS�+ 3 3 AxdS 42. AxdS f5 43· gxf5 Axf5 44· Af6 2 �e6 45· Ag7 h5 46. Ae4+ [ 46 . ... 'i!?d6 47· Af7 h4 48. Af6 +-] 1-o.

a b c d e f g h * * * TRAINING MATERIAL

18. lZk6! Axc6 [ 18 .... Wd7 19. Axd61&fxd6 23. Ah3 ! h6 [a23 . ... '6'e2!? 24. �de1 fs 2s.

20. ll:Je7++-] 19. Axd6 [ 19. dxc6 Axf4 20. d6 oo (Ftacnlk) ] 24. Af5l [ 24. d6 �c6] 24. •.• gxf4 �xd1+ 21. �xd1 �q 22. Af3 �fc8 23. b5?l [a24 . ... '6'b72s . Ab4 (2s. Aa3 �d8!? l"!d6 o;;.f8 (Kramnik)] 19. . .. Aa4 l? [19 . ... 26. �e7 �a6 "¢)2S . ... �d8 26. �e7 as 27. Wxd6 20. dxc6 1&fxd1+21 . �xd1 �q 22. f4 ± Ad6 (Psakhis) 6Ag2-f3, g3-g4-gs] 83 27 . ... bs (Kramnik)] 25. Ab4 ± �d8 86 A1 0 a b c d e A2. 8 8 26. ge7 Wc4 [26 . ... g6 27. Ae6!? fx e6 28. dxe6 �C4 29. exd7 �xb4 30. �e8+ �f8 31. 7 �xf8+ o;;.xf8 32. �d6 +- (Kramnik)] 6 6 5 5 A1 4 27. gxd7 l [27. �e4 �q D] 27. ... gxd7 28. Axd 3 3 7 Wxb4 29. d6 Wa4

88 A1 0 a b c d e abcdef g h 8 8 7 7 20. Axf81? 55 [20. �xa4!? �xd6 21. 1&fxa7 llJxds 22. Axds (22. �d1?? ll:Jxe3 23. gxd6 6 6 l"!c1+; 22. �d3 �es =)22 . ... Wxdp3. 1Afxb6± 5 5 (Kramnik)] 20 . ... Axd1 21. Ae7 Wq 22. 4 4 !!xd1 3 3 81 2 22. ... tl:\d7 [ 22 . ... �c2 23. �ed3 '6fxa2 24. Axf6 gxf6 2s. d6 as 26. d7 �d8 27. �e1 ±] abcdef h 87 A1 0 g a b c d e f g h 30. gd3 [a30. �e1 ! A) 30 . ... �xa2 31. Afs 8 8 g6 32. d7+-; B) 30 . ... �d4 31. Afs g6 32. d7 7 o;;.g7 33· Ag4! (33· �e8 �d1+ 34· o;;.g2 '6'ds+ 6 6 35· f3 �xa2+ 36. o;;.h3 +-) 33· ... fs 34· �d1 +-; C) 30. ... �b4 31. �e8+ o;;.h7 32. Afs+ g6 33· 5 5 d7 +-; D) 30 . ... o;;.h7 31. Afs+ g6 32. d7 '6'd4 4 4 33· Ag4 +-] 30 . ... We4 [3o . ... '6'q 31. J.fs 3 3 �c1+ 32. o;;.g2 �c6+ 33· o;;.h3 �cs 34· g4 +­ 2 � 2 (Kramnik); 30 . ... '6'xa2 31. Afs '6'as 32. d7 II '6'd8 33· �c3 +-] 31. Axb5 We1+ 32. �g2 We4+ 33· �g1 [33· o;;.f1 !] 33· ··· '6le1+ 34· a b c d e f h g �g2 We4+ 35· �f1 ! Wh1+ 36. �e2 We4+ 90 CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

[36 . ... Wxh2 37· d7 Wh5+ 38. f3 We5+ (38 . ... Vladimir Kramnik- Wh2+ (Stohl) 39. 'i!i>d1 Wg1 + 40. 'i!i>c2 Wf2+ Tilburg 1997 41. 'i!i>b3+-) 39. 'i!i>f1 Wa1+ 40. 'i!i>g2 Wb2+ 41. 'i!i>h3(K ramnik)] 37· c;;,f1 Wh1+ 38. c;;,e2 We4+ 39· c;;,d1 ! �g4+ [39 . ... Wb4 40. d7 Wb1+ 41. 'i!i>e2Wxa2+ 42. 'i!i>f3 +-; 39· ... Wh1+ 40. 'i!i>c2 Wa1 (40 . ... Wxh2 41. d7 l8fxf2+ 42. 'i!i>b3+-) 41. d7 l8fxa2+ 42. 'i!i>d1Wb1 + 43· 'i!i>e2+- J 40. f3 �h3 41. d7 [ 41. d7 Wf1+ 42. 'i!i>c2We2+ 43· �d2 +-] 1-o.

* * *

Vladimir Kramnik-Judit Polgar Linares 1997

a b c d e f g h A2, A1 0 22. �d4 !1 [22. �h3? Wb6+ L.23. 'i!i>h1 l8fxe6! 24. �he3 Wf7] 22. ... �d6 [22 . ... Q)f5? 23- We5 Q)xe3? (23 . ... We7 24. �d3 ±; 23 .... Wb6 24. e7! �fe8 25. Wxd5+ 'i!i>g726. We5+ +-) 24. e7 �xf1+ 25. l'!xf1 Wd7

91 A1 0 a b c d e f g h 8

a b c d e f g h

28. �f7 ! �xf7 [28 . ... Q)f5 29. �xf5! �xf5 (29 . ... gxf5 30. Wd7 +-) 30. e7+ 'i!i>h7 31. Wd7 +-; 28 . ... �ae8 29. �cf1 +- (29. ilc3!?)] 29. exf7+ c;;,h7 30. �xes! Axes 31. �cs Ad6 [31 . ... ilg7 32. �q+-] 32. i!q [L.�d4- d7] 32 . ... tbc6 [32 . ... Q)f5 33. g4 Q)g3+ 34· a b c d e f g h 'i!i>g2Q)e2 35 · �e4 �f8 36. AC4 +-1 33· bs tbes 34· i!d4+- Af8 3S. i!e4 Ag736. Ab4 d2 37· 26. �f8+! �xf8 27. Wh8+!! 'i!i>f728. exf8�+ .!'!xes [37· Axd2 �f8 38. ilb4 �xf7 39· Axf7 'i!i>e6 29. Wff6#; 22 . ... Wb6 23. Wc5! Wxcs Q)xf7 40. �e7 +-] 37· ... i!d8 38. i!e8 [38. 24. bxc5;!;(K ramnik)] 23. �cs �f4 ? [23 . ... �e8 d1W+ 39· Axd1 �xd1+ 40. 'i!i>h2] 1-0. Wxc5 24. bxc5 �fc8 (24. ... b6!? 25. cxb6 axb6 26. a3 ;!;)25. �b3 �q (25 . ... b6 26. * * * cxb6 axb6 27. �xb6 �xa2 28. �b7 'i!i>f8 29. TRAINING MATERIAL 91

�e3 ;!;; Huzman) 26. E:eb1 b6 (26 . ... E:b8 93 B2 0 27. Aa6) 27- cxb6 axb6 28. a3 ;!; (Winants) a b c d e f g h l'>Ab5-d7, a4 ( x�b6)] 24. f!f3 [24. Wxe7?? 8 8 '#f2 + 25. �h1 V:Jxf1+ 26. E:xf1 E:xf1#] 24 .•.. 7 Wg5 [24 . ... Wd2 (Huzman) 25. E:e2Wg5 26. � �ef2 ± 6E:f7 ] 6 6 5 5 92 A4, A2 0 4 • 4 a b c d e f g h 3 3 8 [j, ... . 2 [j, /j, 2 � £7 � 6 tj, A 6 a b c d e f g h 5 �· .. 5 4 [j, 4 33· g3 ! rx�d4; 33· E:f3+ �g7 34· E:f7+ 'i9h6] 3 : 3 33· •.. Wg4 [33 . ... Wf6 34· E:e6 Wg7 (34· ... 2/j, /j,/j, 2 Wf3 35· Wxd4 +-) 35· Wb6!? +- (Kramnik)] 34· Ae2 Wc8 35· Wxd4 +- Wc1+ 36. �g2 :�� [36 . ... Wc6+ 37. Af3 Wc2+ 38. f!e2 +- (Kram­ a b c d e f g h nik)] 1-0.

* * * 25. f!f7 ! [ 25. E:xf8+ E:xf8 26. V:Jxa7 Wd2! 27.

'#e3Wxb 4 = ]25 . ... f!xf726. exf7+ �xf7 27. Vladimir Kramnik-Friso Nijboer '#q± [ x�f7, x�a7] 27 . ... Wh4 [ 27- ... b6 Wijk aan Zee 1998 28. g3 ! ± (Huzman)] 28. E!e3 ! [x�g8] 28 . ... Wxb4? [ o28 . ... E:f8 29. g3 Wg5 (29 . ... Wf6 94 A3 0 30. Ae2 ! �g8 31. Wxe7 Wf2+ 32. �h1 We1+ a b c d e f g h 33· 'i9g2 Wf2+ 34· �h3 +-; 29 . ... V:Jxb4 30. 8 • 8 a3! +-; Yu supov) 30. E:e2! --> (Kramnik); 28. ... b6 29. We5! A) 29 . ... h5 30. We6+ 'i9f8 .i. 7 31. g3 (31. E:f3+ �e8 32. Ab5+ +-); B) 29. 6 . 6 ... f!d8 30. E:h3 +- V:Jxb4 31. E:xh7+ �e8 32. 5 5 Ab5+! +-] 29. a3 Wh4 30. Wxb7 f!e8 [30 .... 4 4 �f8 31. Wxa7 �g8 32. E:xe7 d433. Ac4+ �h8 3 =- 1 3 34· g3 +- (Kramnik); 30 . ... E:d8 31. Wxa7 2 d4 32. E:h3! We4 33. f!xh7+ +- (Ftacnik). 31. [j, Wxa7 ± d4 [31 . ... E:f8 32. g3 (32. E:h3We1 ) :

32 . ... Wf6 33. Ae2 ± (Huzman); 31 . ... h6 32. a b c d e f g h Ad3 ± (Ftacnik)] 32. Aq+ [32. E:f3+ �g7 33- Wd7 E:f8 34· g3 We4 +Z ( Kramnik)] 32 . ... 24. f!f3 ! 1t:/h4 [ 24 . ... E:xf3 25. Axf3 V:Jh4 26. @fS [32 . ... �g7 33· g3 Wg5 (33· ... Wf6 34· b5! +- (Huzman)] 25. f!xf4exf426. Af3 +­ �e6 Wg5 35· Wxd4+ ±) 34· Wxd4+ ±] We7 [26 . ... a6 27. a4 Wg5 28. b5! ± xc6] 27. E!e1Ae5 [ 27. ... E:f8 28. b5! ± l 28. Wg6+ 92 CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

Wg7 ? [28 . ... �g7 29. �e4 d5 30. cxd5 cxd5 97 82 • 31. Wh7+ @fs 32. �g6 !? (32. �f3! ± t-Ah5) a b c d e f g h Ek8! � (32 . ... f3 33· !'!e3! fxg2+ 34· 'i!tg1 �d4 8 l![ 8 35· ll:Jxh6+ +-)]

95 A1 0 6 6

a b c d e 5 5 8 8 4 4 7 .. 7 6 �· 6 5 5

4 lj[j, 4 a b c d e f g h 3 3 22 . ... Ad4 l 23. Axd4 cxd4 24. !'!xd4 !'!d7 2 fj, 25. h4 [25. Ac6 !'!c8!-+ ; 25. Ag4 f5 26. Af3 !'!f6 -+] 25 . ... !'!fd8 26. !'!a4

a b c d e f g h 82

29. e7 l +- 1-o. 26 ...• !'!b8 1-+ [6!'!b6-d6] 0-1.

* * * * * *

Viswanathan Anand - Garry Kasparov Alexander 8eliavsky- Aleksa Strikovic Fra nkfurt (rapid) 1999 Cacak 1996

98 A1 0 a b c d e f g h 8 l![ .A. .. • 8 7 ...... 7 6 ·� • �· 6 5 .lfj, � 5 4 fj, lt:J fj,fj, 4 3 lt:J� fj, 3 2 fj, 2 .Ii� .Ii�

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

16 .... Ad7! + 17. ll:Jxc6 Axc6 18. Axa6 [ 18. 17. e5 ! ttJxc4 [ 17- ... lL:lfxds 18. llJxd5 (18. ClJC3 Axc3 19. bxc3 llJxc3 20. Axa6 llJxd1 - llJxd6:t) 18 . ... lL:lxd5 19. Ae4 lLlb4 20. + ]18 . ... Axa4 1 9. Axb7 Axd1 20. Axe4 llJxd6:t]18. Axq dxe5 1 9. d6! Wd8 20. Axf3 21. Axf3 Axb2 22. !'!d1 CDd5 e4 21. Wb3 ! [21. lLlq(B eliavsky) 21 . ... TRAINING MATERIAL 93

Ad7 22. lf::\xa8 �xa8 �; 21. d7 (Beliavsky) 21. 28. E:xd4+- (Beliavsky)] 24. ... gxf525. E!.xf5 ... Axd7 22. lf::\ xf6+ £xf6 23. £xf6 �xf6 24. e3 26. t[}xf6+ .l:!xf6 [ 26 . ... Axf6 27. Axe6 Wxd7 E:e7 2S. �ds �d4+ .� J 21 . ... Ae6 £xe6 28. E:xd8+ E:xd8 29. £xf6 Axb3 30. Axd8 +-] 27. .l:!fds l +- bs 28. .!:!xd7 We8 29. 99 D axbs axbs 30. �xbs e2 31. £xe2 1-0. a b c d e f h g * * * si 8 Garry Kasparov-Josef Pribyl 7 .l Skara 1980 6

5 101 A1 D 4 a b c d e 3 8 =-.r;;;----J 7 2 2 .,....._.., =,.-· 6 · �.. --1 a b c d e f g h 5 4 22. d7 ! Axd7 [22 . ... E:f8 23. lf::\xf6+ £xf6 3 24. Axe6 fx e6 2S. �xe6+ 'i!i>g7 26. f!:xes 2 Axgs

100 A1 D a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h .. .. 8 16. d5 l [16. E:ed1fs ! t] 16 .... Axq 17. .l:!ed1 exd5 18. exds Ag7 [ 18. ... tt:\q19. Ae7 E!.fe8 7 [j, 7 •• 20. �d7 ± ; 18 . ... tt::\b8 19. �C4 ( 19. �h4 -+) vw .l 6 19 . ... Ag7 20. �xes ±] 19. d6 f6 5 .i. 5 4 [j, .lfj, 4 3 [j, 3 2 [j, 2 )!'(� a b c d e f g h

27- fx gs ! E:xf1+ 28. c;!;>xf1 �f8+ 29. �f6+ Wxf6+ 30. gxf6+ c;!;>xf6 31. E:e8 +- (Beli­ avsky)] 23 . .l:!cd1 ! .l:!e6 [ 23 . ... bs 24. ax bs axbs 2S. lf::\xf6+ Axf6 26. Axf7+ 'i!i>g7 27. £xe8 �xe8 28. Axf6+ c;!;>xf6 29. �e3+ 'i!i>f7 30. �xes +-] 24. fs [24. lf::\xf6+! E:xf6 2S. abcdef g h Wxb7 E:b626. £xf7+! 'i!i>f8 27. �xd7 Ad4+ 94 CHAPTER 5· PASSED PAWNS IN THE MIDDLEGAME

2o. d7l [20. JH4a5] 20.. .. fxg5 (20 . ... lZJb4 cxd4 29. !!xb4 !!d830. §xd4 'i!;>g7 t t.�f6- 21. ll:fb3+ �h8 22. lZJe5fx e5 23. d81l:f §axd8 e6) 25 . ... ll:fxf4 26. ll:fxf8+ (26. '8fxa8 ll:fxf2+ 24. §xd8 §xd8 25. Axd8 ±; 20 . ... §ad8 21. 2]. �xf2 §xa8 65)26 . ... !!xf8 27. lZJxf4 Ad4 ll:1C4+'i!;>h8 22. lZJe5! fx e5 23. Axd8 §xd8 24. 28. COe6Axf 2+ 29. �f1 §e8 30. �xf2 §xe6 '8'e6 ! '8'b8( 24. ... lOq25. '8'e7 1l:fb826. §b3 31. !!d8+ �g7 32. §d7+ ±] 24. tDxf8 �xfs e4 27. §d6 Af8 28. ll:ff6+ Ag7 29. ll:ff7; 24 .... 25. gd6 [ 25. Wxc5 '8fxg2+ 26. 't!;>xg2 bxcs '8'a8!? (Yusupov) 25. §b3 lZJb426. !!h3'8'c6 27. §b7 lZJe628. §d6 lZJf4+ 29. �f1 Ad8 30. 2]. §d6 ±) §xa7±] 25 . ... Ae7 [25 . ... '8'b8 26. §bd1 '8'd827. §c6 ± Ag7 28. h4 0; 25 . ... Ad8 26. 103 A3 0 h4 '8'a6 27. ll:fc3+'i!;>g8 28. '8'e2± t.Axh4 29. a b c d e f g h �xg6+ +-] 8 .. 7 A 104 0 a b c d e f h 6 �A 6 g 8 .1. 5 5 7 A'it'��i. 4 4 6 A � 6 3 3 5 A 5 2 � 4 � 4 � 3 3 a b c d e f g h 2 � 25. §b3! C4 26. §h3 lZJc5 27. ll:fxg6 h6 28. �

§g3 +-; 20 . ... �h8 21. '8'C4 (21. Af4) 21. a b c d e f g h ... fx g5 - 20 . ... fx g5] 21. Wc4+ Ci!?h8 22. tDxg5 Af6 D [ �22 . ... Ad4 23. §xd4 cxd4 26. d8WII Axd8 (26 . ... §xd8 27. §xd8+ 24. ll:fxd4+ �g8 25. l0e6 +-] 23. tDe6 tDq Axd8 28. Wf7 '8'd5 29. '8fxd5 lZJxds 30. (23 . ... lZJb4 24. '8'f4 '8'b8!? (Yusupov) (24. §d1 +-] 27. 'Wq+ Ci!?gs 28. gd7 Af6 29. ... lZJd5 25. Wd 6; 24. ... §f7 (Yusupov) 25. 'IMC4+ Ci!?hs 30. 'Wf4 Wa6 ? [3o . ... Ag7 31 . lZJg5±; 24 . ... l0c6 25. lZJxf8 §xf8 26. d81l:f ll:fxq'8fxq32. §xq Ad4 33. §f1 ±] 31. 'Wh6 lZJxd8 2]. §xd8 +-) 25. d81l:f (25. ll:ff3 Ad4 1-0. 26. lZJxf8 '8fxf8 27. ll:fxf8+ §xf8 28. §xd4 95

6 Double Attack

An attack on two or more pieces with one 11. d5 single move is called a double attack. A dou­ ble attack is an important and effective tacti­ he lost a piece and, unsurprisingly, later on cal instrument. Often a double attack leads the game. immediately to material gain, as the oppo­ nent fi nds it impossible to defend against - Anatoly Karpov all threats simultaneously. Moreover, it's Wijk aan Zee 1993 very easy to overlook a double attack. Here are two examples from the games of world 1. d4 tLlf6 2. C4 e6 3· CLlf3 b6 4· a3 Aa6 champions. 5· Wc2 Ab7 6. CLlC3 C5 7· e4 cxd4 8. tbxd4 CLlc6 9· tLlxc6 Axc6 10. Af4 tLlh5 11. it.e3 Fritz Samisch -jose Capablanca Ad6?? Karlsbad 1929 106 0 1. d4 tLlf6 2. c4 e6 3· CLlc3 lt.b4 4· a3 a b c d e f g h Axq+ 5· bxq d6 6. f3 e5 7· e4 tbc6 8. it.e3 8 8 b6 9· it.d3Aa6 ?? 7 7 105 0 6 6

8 5 5 4 4

6 3 3 5 2 2 4 3 a b c d e f g h

With his last move Karpov developed his bishop to a square where it was unpro­

a b c d e f g h tected. After 12. Wd1 !, Capablanca overlooked that after attacking the knight on hs and the bishop 10. Wa4, on d6, he had to resign immediately. The attacking two minor pieces, the usual 10 . queen's double attack took place from long ... lLlas is impossible because ofthe . He range. played The double attack is particularly effective when the king is one of the attacked pieces. 10 . ... Ab7 In the opening, the open position of the and after king can sometimes be exploited. The catas- g6 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE ATTACK trophe in the next game demonstrates how Richard Reti - Alexander Alekhine easily an enemy minor piece can be lured to Baden-Baden 1925 its doom. 108 •

a b c d e f h Oscar Garda Vera - Roberto Grau 8 8 Rosario 1929 7 7 r--...:=· 6 6 1. d4 tbf6 2. tbf3 cs 3· Af4 cxd4 4· ttJxd4?? 5 5 107 • 4 4

a b c d e f h 3 3 8 8 r-�-- 2 2 �� ��.� �� 7 7 6 6 a b c d e f g h 5 5 4 4 First - a knight fo rk: 3 3 42. ... tbd4 and White resigned, because of 43· �f2 ll:lxf3+ 44· �xf3 and there fo llows another

a b c d e f g h double attack, this time by a bishop: 44· ... Ads. Black's queen can give a check along the diagonal from as. There fo llowed Levenfish(e xercise position) 109 D 4 . ... es l a b c d e f g h (a double attack or fo rk) and White loses 8 8 a piece, as after s. Axes he cannot escape 7 7 the next double attack s . ... 18fas! +. With its great power, the queen is, natu­ 6 6 rally, the piece most likely to execute a dou­ 5 5 ble attack, but the others can do so too. 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h

Even a king can attack more than one enemy piece at the same time. 97

(threatening 2. 'i!i>b7) 44· 'Wa8+ ! 1 . ... etJc8+2. c;;,b7 with a draw. But not 44· ttJxf7? because of 44· ...

Ferdesi 1501 �d1+ 45· Ag1 �h5+ 46. �h2 �f3+ = with 110 D . 44· ··· c;;,g7 45· £xes+ I A bishop's double attack against both queen and king. 45· ··· 'Wxes 46. 'Wh8+ ! c;;,xh8 47· ttJxf7+ And finallya knight fo rk. 1-0.

* * *

a b c d e f g h In the next game, we see how well the old masters used this tactical weapon. White must contend with two threats: mate on the back-rank and 1 . ... 'i!i>xc4. But - with a combination, he can even win! London 1851

1. e4 es 2. tlJf3 tlJc6 3· d4 exd4 4· Ac4 and White wins the rook on h4. Acs S· o-o d6 6. C3tlJf6 7· cxd4 .£b6 8. tlJq Th is is one of the most fa mous combina­ Ag4 9· Ae3 o-o 10. a3 'We7 11. 'Wd3 .£xf3 tions that fe atures double attacks. 12. gxf3 'Wd713. c;;,g2 tlJhs 14. tlJe2 tlJe7 15. tlJg3 ttJxg3 16. hxg3 ds 17. .£a2 �adS 18. - Vladimir Simagin �ad1 c6 19. �h1 tlJg620. �hs dxe4 21. fxe4 Moscow (ms) 1956 'Wg4 22. �dh1 111 D 112 •

8 8 7 6 6 5 5 4 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h abcdef g h g8 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE ATTACK

fish: 25 . ... 'Llf4+! with the fo llowing lines: A) 26. 'i!i>g1 �d1+ (26 . ... 'Lle2+? 27. �f1 A powerful blow. White cannot take the ltJxc3 28. �h8#) 27- 'i!i>h2 �xd4 28. �xd4 rook because of the knight fo rk. For exam­ �xd4 29. �h4 'Lle2 +; ple: 23. Axd4? 'Llf4+ 24. 'i!i>f1 ltJxd3 25. �xh7 B) 26. 'i!i>h2'i!;>xh 7 27. gxf4 �xf4 (6�d4, �d1+ 26. 'i!i>g2 'Lle1+ 27. 'i!i>f1 (or 27. �xe1 �f3) 28. Ab1+ 'i!i>g8 and in both cases Black �xd4) 'Llf3+ 28. 'i!i>g2�x h1+ 29. �xh1 ltJxd4 has a huge advantage. and Black wins. 114 0

a b c d e f h This move is even better than 23. .. . 8 8 �xe4+ 24. f3 �d3 25. £xd4 �e2+ 26. 'i!i>h3 (26. 'i!i>g1 �d8 __. ) £xd4 27. �xd4 �xf3. 6 6 (see analysis diagram 113) 5 5 113 0 4 4 a b c d e f g h 8 • 8 3 7 ...... 7 2 6 � 6 5 � 5 a b c d e f g h 4 4 3 3 After this double attack on queen and 2 2 �[j. rook, Black loses material and can no longer � 1 save the game. a b c d e f g h 27. ... �xh4 28. gxh4 �xh4 29. �g3 (Double attack against both White's 29. �e3 +- would have been even better. rooks.) 28. �d1! 'Llf4+ 29. 'i!i>h4 'Llg6+ and a 29 . ... �hs 30. f4 repetition of moves. 24. �xh7 (30. �e3 !?) �d2+ 33· lf24. f3 , then 24 . ... �xh5! (24 . ... 'Llf4+ 30 . ... �bs 31. b4 �ds 32. £c4 25. £xf4 �e2+ 26. 'i!i>f1 �f2+ 27. 'i!i>e1�xf 355) <;9g1 �d1+ 34· <;9f2 �fs 25. �xh5 �xe3 26. �c2 (or 26. �C4 'Lle5 27- 34· ... �h5 would have been more tena­ �c2 g6) 26 . ... �feB 55 and Black has more cious, but then fo llows 35. �e3 with the dou­ than enough fo r the queen. ble threat of�xa7 and �e8+. 24 . ... £d4 25. £xd4 �xd4? But this hit is now a mistake. Staunton overlooks his opponent's double attack. The correct move was suggested by Leven- 99

115 0 35· ... �f6 (lf35 . ... �d2+, then 36. c;!;>e3 +­ a b c d e f h wins) 36. 18fxd1�xf 4+ (also a double attack) 8 8 37· 't!?g3 �xq 116 7 7 0 a b c d e f h 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 3 a b c d e f g h 2

abcdef g h This fresh double attack against both rooks decides the game. Staunton resigned. And here White wins with a typical dou­ Bearing in mind our theme, it's fitting to ble attack manoeuvre by the queen: 38. look at one of the possible conclusions: 18'd8+! 't!?h739· 18'd3++-. 100 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE ATTACK � Exe•6ses (solut;ons p. 109-112)

• E 6-1 * [1] E6-3 * a b c d e f g h 8 'ii'4&\ . 8 7 •• 7 6 � • • 6 5 *' ·� � 5 4 � • ti) 4 3 � �� 3 2 � � 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E6-2 * [1] E6-4 * 6 a b c d e a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 Z ..i.. .. • 8 7 7 7 ••..t.•7 6 6 • 6 5 5 � 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 � ti) �� 3 2 2 2 ��� 2 �� ��

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 101

E6-s * 6 E6-7 ** [1] c e h a b c d e f g h a b d f g 8 8 7 6 6 6 6 5 [1: 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 jL/j. � 3 3 2 /j./j. /j./j./j.2 2 2 1 .titbiL * tbli1

c e f h a b c d e f g h a b d g

E6-6 ** 6 E6-8 ** 6

a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 /j. 4 4 4 3 /j. 3 3 2 "Wf 2 jLjL

c e f h a b c d e f g h a b d g 102 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE ATTACK

E6-9 ** rn E 6-11 ** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 .. 8 7 7 7 ·I� 7 6 6 • � 6 5 5 � 5 4 4 � 4 3 3 3 �� tiJ 3 2 2 � � 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E6-1o ** rn E6-12 ** rn a b c d e a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 II 6 6 6 � II 6 5 5 5 II � 5 4 4 4 "iV � 4 3 � 3 3 � �· 3 2 WI�� 2 2 � .1. � �� 2 1 I. �� :g � 1 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 103

E 6-13 ** rn E6-15 ** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8

6 6 5 5 4 �� � 4 3 � .. 3 2 iV 2 1 �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E6-14 ** rn E6-16 ** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 .!. 8 8 8 7 .!. 7 7 • • 7 6 ..t.. •• 6 5 5 5 *'· 5 4 � 4 4 � �1:. 4 3 3 3 riJ �� 3 2 ��� 2 2 � � 2 �::

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 104 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE ATTACK

E6-17 ** [1] E6-19 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E6-18 *** [1] E6-2o *** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h l EXERCISES OS

E6-21 *** B E6-23 *** rn a c e a b c d e f g h b d

8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a c e f h a b c d e f g h b d g

E6-22 *** B E6-24 **** Ill e a b c d e f h a b c d f g h

8 8 8 .I 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3

2 2

a c e f h a b c d e f g h b d g 106 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE ATTACK

E6-25 **** • E6-27 **** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E6-26 **** E6-28 **** [1] a b c d e a b c d e f g h 8 8

7 7 7 f'=�--------·-· 6 6 6 6 1-.--.,.p;; 5 5 5 5 1-·-- 4 4 4 4 ��---�- 3 3 3

2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 107

E6-29 ***** E 6-31 ***** a b c d e f g h 8 .l.l!. 8

... . 7 6 ...... 6 5 5 4 4

2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E6-3o ***** rn E6-32 ***** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h ... 8 8 .1. ... 8 7 �� ...... 7 7 ... 7 .a...a• ... 6 6 .. ... 6 5 ... 5 5 • 5 4 � 4 4 � [jj � 4 3 � tiJ � [jj � 3 3 � [jj 3 2 ��WI � � 2 2 � 2 1 � �� � VI!J

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 108 CHAPTER 6 DOUBLE ATTACK

E6-33 ***** rn E6-35 ****** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E6-34 ****** rn E6-36 ****** rn a b c d e f g "h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h SOLUTIONS E6-I TO E6-I6 109

Sol utions

0 E6-1 0 E6-9 Va siukov - Ra.zuvaev, Polanica-Zdroj 1972 Feuer - O'Kelly de Galway, Liittich1934 (1. e4 g6 2. d4 iLg7 3· c3 d5 4· exd5 \Yxd5 5. itJf3 1. WxdS+ �xds 2.. o-o-o+! +- 1-o. c5 6. i.l,q cxd4 7· cxd4 itJh6?n s. Wei +- [8 . ... \Ye6 9· ds +-; 8 . ... \31a5+ 9· 0 E6-1o tb.d2+- ] 1-o. Pahtz- Fernandez, Albena 1989 1. Wu !! +- [1. ... fl.xa2 2. iLxc4+ +-; 1. ... fl.aci 0 E6-2 2. Wxc4+ +-] 1-o. Antunes - Loek, Linares (zt) 1995 33· Wf4 ! +- I-0. 0 E6-11 Bogoljubow - Alekhine, TheHague 1929

0 E6-3 1 • .E(.xc7+! Wxc7 2.. ti:)cs+ �b6 3· Wxc7+ Ehlvest - Nogueiras, Rotterdam 1989 �xc7 4· ti:)xe6+ +- 1-o.

37· ... Wds ! -+ 38 • .E(.b2.Wxh 4+ 39· .E(.h3 Wgs

40. WEI ti:)c4 41 • .E(.a2. Wfs o-1. 0 E6-12 Beliavsky - Chandler, Wien 1986 0 E6-4 1. Axg7! .E(.xg7 [1. ... fl.xe2 2. Ah6+ �h8 3· Csom - Kindermann, Dortmund 1983 \Yb8++- J 2.. Wb8+ �£, 3· Wf4 + +- I-0. 2.0. ... ti:)xg3! 2.1.fxg3 We3+ 2.2.. �h2. Wxa3 2.3. axb6 .E(.xb6 + o-1. 0 E6-13 Botvinnik- Sorokin, Leningrad 1933 o E6-s u. AxbS +- [12. ... fl.xbs 13. Wa4+ +-] 1-o. NN - Swiderski, Leipzig 1903 1 . . .. Axf2.+! 2.. �xf2. [2. Wxf2 itJd3+-+] 2.. 0 E6-14 ... ti:)xe4+ -+ o-1. Hellers - Bareev, Gausdal 1986 17. ti:)d4!+- ct>d7 [17.. .. Ad7 18. itJxc6 Axc6 19. 0 E6-6 \Yd4 ! +-; 17. ... itJb818. itJxbs axb5 19. \Yd4 +-; Spassky - Fischer, Reykjavik (webs) 1972 17. ... C5 IS. We)! ltJxe4 rg. Wxes+ �d, 20. 2.7. ... Axa4!-+ [28. \31xa4 Wxe4 29. �f2 Wxd4 +-] 18. Axbs! axbs 19. Wxf7+ [19 . ... CUd3+ -+ J 0-I. �xd6 2o. ltJxb5+ +-] 1-o.

0 E6-7 0 E6-15 Grigory Levenfish Stepanov - Romanovsky, Leningrad 1926

1 . .E(.h6+! �f7 [1 . ... �d5 2. fl.h5++-] 2.• .E(.hs ! 1 . ... ds+! -+ [2. �x[JltJd4+ -+; 2. cxd5 exds+ .!:!xa73· .E(.h7+-+ 1-o. 3· �xds Ae6+! 4· �d6 (4. �e4 Afs+ -+; 4· �xe6 itJd4+-+ ; 4· �xc6 fl.c8+-+) 4· ... fl.d8+ 0 E6-8 5· �C7 (s. �xe6 fl.f6#; 5· �xc6 fl.c8+-+) 5· ... Beliavsky - Yusupov, Obeda 1997 fl.f7+ 6. �xc6 fl.c8+ -+] o-1. 39· ... ti:)c2.!ED [ 40. fl.e4 itJb4-+] o-1. 0 E6-16 Zhuravlev - Kapengut, SSSR 1968 IIO SOLUTIONS E6-17 TO E6•27

I . ... Axf3+! 2.. Axf3 !!hH ! 3· �xhz t'Llxf)+ 0 E6-21 4· �gz t'Llxd4 -+ o-I. Uhlmann - Spiridonov, Polanica-Zdroj 1981 33· ... Axe4! 34· fx e4 Wxe3! 35· Wxe3 t'Llg4 + 0 E6-17 36. �h3 t'Llxe3 -+ o-I. Lasker - NN, (sim) 1920 I. !!cS+! !!xesz. Wa7 +! �xa7 3· bxcSt'Ll+ ! +- 0 E6-22 I-o. Horberg - Averbakh, Stockholm1954 zi . ... !!ci ! u. Wxci (22o .!"!.d1 \0xg2#] u . ... 0 E6-18 t'Llu+2.3. !!xuWxc i+ 2.4. �fz Aa6 -+ 2.5. Rubinstein - Lasker, St. Petersburg 1909 Ad3 Wxai 2.6. Axa6 Wdi o-I.

IS . Wei! [ � 180 fx e3 1i:txe3+ 190 't&h1 .i::l.xd4] 0 E6-23

IS.. . . !!xd4 Domes - Fedorov, Moscow1984 (180 ooo Hes l9o @Xc6+ c�l9o f4 Tics) l9o ooo 'Ct>b8 I. Af7+! �g7 (1. 000 'tt>xf7 2o @xh6 t'!.d8 30 g4! 20o dxes (200 f4 ?! �e6 21. 1i:fxe6 1i:txg2+ 220 t'!.xd6 (30 000 tLlxg4 40 Wxh7+ 't&e6 so 1i:fe7+ +-) 't&xg2 fxe6 ;!;)200 0 0 o @xes 21. P:c1 ±] 40 gs ctJe8 (40 000 ildi+ So 'tt>g2 +-) So \0xh7+ I9. fx e3 !!d7 CLlg760 \0e4 +- (Zhuravlev)] 2..Wxh 6+ �xh6 (190 000 t'!.d6 200 t'!.xf7 +-] 3· Axes t'Llxes 4· d7! +- I-o. zo. Wxc6+ �ds 2.I.!!f 4!! (.6220 1i:fa8+ 't&e7 (220 000 't&c7 230 2"l.c4+) 230 0 E6-24 f!.e4+ 't&d6 240 2"l.d4+ (240 1i:fb8+) 240 o o o fz f!.d2+230 't&e1 1i:txg224° 2"l.d4+ 't!ie7 2So 0 E6-25 @d6+ +- (Tarrasch)] Stromberg - Vedder, Hallsberg 1993 u. Wcs We 7 Io . ... cxd4 11. t'Llxd4 t'Lldxesu. t'Llfs [ 120 fx es [220 000 .!"!.d1+ 230 't&fz t'!.d2+ 240

0 E6-19 0 E6-26 Rubinstein - Capablanca, San Sebastian 1911 Vo oremaa - Yuksti, SSSR 1977

I7· We� !! exds (170 000 Hxds 180 1i:txh6 gxh6 I. Axh7+! �xh7 2.. t'Lle4 Wb4 [ 2o o o o 1i:fd7 30 190 Axe6+ +-; 170 ooo 1i:fxo180 Qxe6+ +-] IS. tLlgs+ +-] 3· Wxb4 t'Llxb4 4· t'Llgs+ �gs S· Wxcs Wdz I9. Wbs t'Lld4zo. Wd3 Wxd3 zi. t'Llxe6 ± exd3 ± I-o. 0 E6-27 0 E6-2o Gurevich - Razuvaev, Moscow 1987 Smyslov - Speelman, Hastings 1981/82 30. hs! gs 3Io t'Llds! +- [31. ooo exds 32o UXC7 zz. Axbs! axbs 2.3. t'Llxbs Wbs 2.4. t'Llxd6 +- '{jxe7 330 Wxfs+ +-] I-o. I-O. SOLUTIONS E6-28 TO E6-33 III

0 E6-28 30• ••• Wc7� To lush - Mititelu, Wa rsaw 1961 [30 . ... CLJd2+31. 'i!?ai CLJc4oo; 10. Wxf6!! gxf6 :z.I. eDge4+ [21. ... CLlg6 22. 030. ... '8fc8!! lLlxf6+ +-; 21 . ... 'i!?h822. CL:lxf6 +-1 1-o. A) 31. c4 dxc4 (31 . ... 18fg4 32 . .Ef.hh1 '8fe2 33· 18fa3 dxc4 -+) 32. .Ef.c1'8fe6 33· 1;5lxc4 CLJd2+ 34· 0 E6-29 CL:lxd2 18fxg6+-+; Karpov - To palov, Dos Hermanos 1994 B) 31. .Ef.c118fg4 32. .§.xes CLJq+-+ 1

30. eDf6 !! �xf6 [30 . ... 18fxf3 3I. CL:lxe8+ +-1 3I • .l3.ci .l3.g2. 32.. Wxa6 ± I-o. 31. Aes+! �xes 32.. Wxe4+ �xe4 33· .l3.ei+

�fs 34· .l3.xe8 Ae6 35· .l3.xf8 Axa:z.36 • .l3.c8 ! +­ 0 E6-32 [ 6 .Ef.c71 1-o. Pachman - Bronstein, Moscow1946

2.0• ••• .l3.xai ! 0 E6-3o [ � 20 . ... Axd4 21. CLJa4! (21. .Ef.xd4 .Ef.xa1 - Yu supov - Hob;hauer, Altenkircben1999 20 . ... .Ef.xa1) 21. ... CL:lxa4 22. �xd4!? (22. bxa4 16. Axh6! gxh6 I7. Wxh6 tDg6 hxg3+ 23. fx g3 Ag1+ 24. 1;5lxgi 1;5lxgi+ 25. 'i!?xg1 [17. ... Axg3!? 18. fxg3 CLJe4 19. Axe4 dxe4 20. Z!xa4 +) 22 . ... hxg3+ 23. fx g3 18fb4(23 . ... CL:lcs 1;3lgs+ 'i!?h721. ds CL:l x ds21. ( ... Afs 22 . .Ef.f4 +-) 24. b4 1') 24. bxa4 18fxC4 5i51

22 . .Ef.ad1 fs 23. CL:lxds Axds 24 . .Ef.f4 +-1 :z.I• .l3.xalAxd 4 :z.:z.• .l3.xd4 ti:}xb3 2.3• .l3.xd6 18. f4 ! [23. f!.b1 1;5lxd4 -+1

[6fs1 13 • ... Wxf2.!

I8• ••• Wc7 [23. ... CL:lxa1? 24. CL:lds! <21

[18. ... .Ef.ac8 19. fs Axg3 20. fx e6 18fxe6 21. 2.4• .l3.a:z. Axg6 +-; 18. ... .Ef.ae8 19. fs Axg3 20. fxg6 [24. 1;5lxb3 hxg3+ 25. 'i!?h1 Slxh3 26. f!.g1Ax g2+ fx g6 21. 18fxg6+ 18fg722 . .Ef.xf6 +-1 27. Z!xg2 '8ff1+ 28. f!.g118fh3#; 24. f!.d3CL:lx a1 -+ 1

19. ti:}ge:z. +­ 2.4• ••• Wxg3+ :z.;. �hi Wxq -+ :z.6• .l3.a3

[19. fs ? Af41 Axh3! 2.7• .l3.xb3

19• ••• .l3.fe8 :z.o. fs Af8 :z.I. Wgs ti:}h7 :z.:z.. [27. '8fxb3 '8fei+ 28. 'i!?h2 1L.xg2 29. 'i!?xg2 1;5le2+

Wd1 ti:}h4 2.3. fx e6 fx e6 2.4• .l3.f4 We7 :z.;• .l3.afi 30. 'i!?g1 .Ef.xe4 -+ 1

Ag7 2.7• ••• AxgH :z.8. �xg:z. Wxc4 2.9• .l3.d4

[ 25 . ... Ah6 26 . .Ef.g4+ +-1 We6 30 • .l3.xb7 .l3.a8 JI. We:z. h3+

16• .l3.f7 Wd8 [32. 'i!?g1 El.ai+ 33· f!.d1 .Ef.xd1+ 34· 1;5lxdi [26 . ... 18fxf7 27. Axh7+ 'i!?f8 28 . .Ef.xf7+ +-1 18fxe4 -+;

:z.7. Wf4 ti:}gs:z.8 • .l3.xg7+! �xg7 2.9. Wes+ 32· 'i!?[J1;5ff6 + 33· 'i!?e3 h2 34· 1;5lxh2 f!.a3+ 35· f!.d3

@g8 30 • .l3.f6 ti:}h7 18fgs+ 36. 'i!?e2 El.a2+ -+ 1 [30 . ... CL:lf7 31. '8fg3+ 'i!?f8 32. 18fxh4+-1 0-1. 3I. Axh7+ [31. 1L.xh7+ 'i!?xh732. 1;5lhs+'i!?g7 33· 18ff7 + 'i!?h8 0 E6-33 34· .Ef.h6#1 Henri Rinck, I9:Z.3 I-0. I. �b:z.!! [1. f!.g3CLle6 2. f!.e3CLJd4+ 3· �c4 CL:ldc6=; 1. f!.c7 0 E6-31 CL:lfs2 . .Ef.csCL:ld4+ =; 1. 'i!?a4 CLle62. f!.e3CL:lcs+ =; Xie Jun - Galliamova, Ka:zan/Shenyang (wch14) 1. 'i!?c2 CLle6 2. f!.e3 CL:ld4+ =; 1. 'i!?a2 CL:lds 2..Ef.cs 1999 CLle4 3· .§.xd s CLlq+ = 1 112 SOLUTIONS E6-34 TO E6-36

I ... , 'i!?b6 [1 . ... lr!1e6 2. �a6+ +-; 1 . ... @xa8 2. AfJ++-; [1. ... lLlf7 2. �C7 +-; 1. ... lLle6 2. �e3 +-; I . ... 1 . ... @ds 2 . .Af3 +-; 1 . ... lr!1c4 2. �c8+ +-; 1 . ... lLJe4 2. �e3 +-; I . ... ll:Jfs 2. �cs +-; I . ... ll:Jgs lr!1h72 . .Ag6!! lr!1xg6 3· �a6+ +-] 2. �g3 +-] 2.. l3xa4! Wgs 2.. l3g3 tDf7 [2. ... lr!1xa4 3· .Ae8++-] [2 . ... lLlh7 3· �g7 +-; 2 . ... lLle43· �e3 +-; 2. 3· l3as Wh7 ... lLle6 3·�e3 +-] [3 . ... @xa8 2 . .Af3+ +-;] 3· l3g7 +- I-0. 4· Ag6!! Wxg6 S· .l3.a6+ +- I-o.

0 E6-34 0 E6-36 GenrikhMoiseevich Kasparian, I93S Vladimir Bron, I92.7 I. tDes ! I. l3c8! Wa3 [62. lLlg7�g6 3· Afs#; 1. lLlfs �g4 2. lLJe3+�6 [1 . ... @f7 2. lLld6+ +-] 3· ll:lxf1 �f2 =] 2..tDd4+ 'i!?b6 I . ... 'i!?g6 2.. hs+! l3xhs [2 . ... �a6 3· �aS+ +-] [2 . ... �xhs 3. lLlg7+ �g6 4· .Afs#] 3· l3b8+ 'i!?cs 3· fs+ l3xfs 4· g4! l3es S· iHs+ .l3.xfs 6. [3 . ... �c7 4. lLJbs++-; 3· ... �a7 4. lLJbs+ +-] tDg7! +- I-0. 4· l3bs+ �d6S· l3ds+ �e7 [s. ... �C7 6. lLlbs++-] 0 E6-35 6. l3as! Wd6 llenri RJnck, I903 [6. ... @xas 7. lLJc6+ +-] I. l3as!! Wu 7· tDfs++- 1-o. SCORE TABLE 113

Score table

N� Poi nts Your Points N� Poi nts Your Po ints N� Poi nts Your Poi nts

1 1 13 2 25 4

2 1 14 2 26 4

3 1 15 2 27 4

4 1 16 2 28 4

5 1 17 2 29 5

6 2 18 3 30 5

7 2 19 3 31 5

8 2 20 3 32 5

9 2 21 3 33 5

10 2 22 3 34 6

11 2 23 3 35 6

12 2 24 4 36 6

total 110

Poi nts Pl ayi ng Strength less than 4 points begi nner 4- 9 poi nts ELO 800 - 1000 9- 29 poi nts ELO 1000 -1500 30 - 47 poi nts ELO 1500 - 1800 48 - 67 points ELO 1800 -2100 68 - 89 points ELO 2100 - 2300 90 - 99 poi nts ELO 2300 - 2400 100 -110 poi nts ELO above 2400

liS

7 The Process of Elimination

Mark Dvoretsky wrote in his book 'Secrets White has a clear positional advantage of Chess Training': 'When selecting the cor­ and now tries to develop his initiative. rect move, the ability to avoid calculating 22. tbd6 A)(d6 23. l3.h4 unessential variations is as important as the ability to calculate deeply and accurately.' An unpleasant intermezzo (23. exd6 In other words, we have to try to think eco­ bxc5). nomically and rationally. Because 23. ... Wg6 24. exd6 bxc5 25. Sometimes it is quite difficultto work bxc5 Aa6 26. :Be1 looked quite hopeless, I out which is the strongest move. It can of­ decided to risk the other queen move. ten be easier to satisfyon eself that all other moves are bad. By using the process of elim­ ination (that is, the elimination of all weak moves from fu rther consideration) we can 118 • save time and energy, reaching the right de­ a b c d e f h cision more quickly and more easily. g The process of elimination is applied 8 • • 8 mainly when defending. The thought pro­ 7 A.A. � .. .. 7 cess runs like this: 'That move loses; that 6 Al.-*.1. a 6 one too; so I'll play the other. I might save 5 5 the game like this, but if not, I know the [j, [j,"iV position was lost anyway'. 4 [j, CD � 4 To understand how the process of elimi­ 3 � [j, 3 nation can by applied in a practical game, 2 [j, � 2 let's take a look at some examples: VlH �� Margeir Petursson - Artur Yusupov a b c e f h Ye revan (of) 1996 d g 117 0 a b c d e f g h 24 . ... W)(es 8 .. • 8 Of course, I couldn't calculate all lines ? j. .i_ � .a. • • • ? precisely (I didn't want to either), but to 6 • • j. � 6 play this bold move I just had to con­ 5 [j, [j, "iV 5 vince myself that the alternative 24 . ... Wg6 looked just as dangerous after the power­ 4 4 [j, tjj � fu l 25. exd6! (25. cxd6 ll:Jxe5 26. We2 c5) 3 � tjj [j, 3 25 . ... bxc5 26. bxc5 ll:Jxc5 27. ll:Jxc6 Axc6 2 /j, [j,� 2 28. Axc6 ll:Jf5 29. :Bg4 Wh6 30. Ad2 Wh5 31. 'iV n� Af3! Wh3 32. :Bqor 32. :Bg5 :Bxd633· :Bh5 V:fxf1+ 34· <;!?xf1 and White wins. a b c d e f g h 116 CHAPTER 7 THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

120 0 2s.tDbs a b c d e f g h 25. �e4!? Wds 26. tlJxe6(26. �xe6 Wq) 8 26 . ... l=le8 27. cxd6 Wxd1 28. �xd1 cs 29. l=le2 Axg2 30. c;!;>xg2 tlJfs;!;;25. ttJxc6 Wxc3 6 26. ttJxd8 �xg2 27. ttJxf7 ttJxf7 28. c;!;>xg2 bxcs ; 25. l=le1 6.Wf 5 4 119 • a b c d e f h 3 3 8 8 2 [3J 2

6 a b c d e f g h 5

28. c6 Af6 l 29. l'!xh6 tOesI

121 0 a b c d e f h 8 8 abcde f g h

2S . ... cxbsl 6 Black has to sacrifice the queen, other­ 5 wise the knight arrives at d6 with decisive 4 threats. 3 3 26. Axes .Axg2 2{3J 2 26 . ... Axes 27. �xb7+-. a b c d e f h 27. �xg2 g 27 . .fa.xd6�xf 1 28. Wx f1 tlJfs 29. �e4 bxcs Black seizes his chance. 30. bxcs tlJxcs (30 . ... tlJxd631 . cxd6 tlJf8 Instead 29 . ... gxh6 ± would have led to 32. l=ld4 l=lfd7t) 31. �xes ttJxg3!?. the position mentioned above. Even though my opponent findsa nice combination, it is 27. ... Axes not good enough to win. My tenacity pays off. My opponent now 3o. l'!xf6l l'!xd131. l'!xf7l'!xf1 32. l'!xa7 makes a small mistake. The task would have been more difficult ifhe had played 28. 32. q? l'!c1 -+; 32. 'i!;>xf1? ttJxf7-+. J=lxh6! gxh6 29. c6 ± instead. 117

1ll • 3S. c!>d4g6 39· gfS+ c!>e7 40. gf3 c!>d6 a b c d e f h 41. a3 b4 42. axb4 ttJxb4 43· !US 8 8 43· gf6 ctJc6+44· 'i!?e4 ltJe7. 7 � 43· ... c!>e7 l 44· gas 6 ·� 6 44· gbg ?? ctJc6+. 5 A 5 4 8 4 44· ••• c!>f6 45· c!>e4 tlJds 46. gfS+ c!>e7 3 8 3 47· gbs c!>f6 4S. c!>d4c!>f s 49· f3 - Y2 -Y2 2 � 8� 2 .. Smbat Lputian - Artur Yusupov

a b c d e f g h Baden-Baden 1996 124 • a b c d e f h 32 . ..• tlJxc6 ! 8 8 Black has to eliminate the potentially �....;;;....--! 7 7 dangerous pawn on b4. "..=':.,--· -=-- 1 On the other hand, 32 . ... gc1? is poor 6 6 due to 33· q+-; likewise 32. ... gxf2+?! be- 5 5 cause of33. 'i!?xf2 liJxc6 34· ga8+ 'i!?f735· a3 4 4 ltJes 36. 'i!?e3 ctJq+ 37· 'i!?d4 with the threat 3 3 ofa4. 2 2 33· gaS+ c!>f734· c!>xf1 ttJxb435. c!>e2 hs 36. c!>e3 c!>f6 37· c!>e4tlJds ;!; a b c d e f g h 123 0 Once again, I'm sorry to say that my play a b c d e f h g until this point had been less than convinc­ 8 � 8 mg. 7 7 As the black knight is pinned, I can do 6 6 nothing else but try fo r a perpetual check. I 5 was short of time and it was only by using the process of elimination that I managed to save the game. s6. ... Wf4+ The other check, s6 . ... �C1+, loses to 57· 'i!?e2 �C2+ 58. 'i!?e3 �C3+ 59· 'i!?f2 �C2+ 60. a b c d e f h g 'i!?g3+-. 57· c!>e2We4+ ss. c!>d1 The worst is over fo r Black. With careful play I drew the game without difficulty. sB. 'i!?d2 �>

neither queen nor rook may leave their po­ sitions: if 64. �cs �b2+ 65. �q??, then 125 • �xb8!+ is possible.

a b c d e f h g 64. �C] Wa7+ 65. �c6 Wa4+ 66. �b6 8 : � · 8 Wb3+ 7 • 7 127 0 6 6 � a b c d e f g h 5 8 5 8 8 4 .. 4 7 7 3 8 3 6 6 2 8 2 5 5 4 4 a b c d e f g h 3 3 2 Again, I have two choices and just a fe w 2 seconds re maining on the clock. However, I quickly realised that 6o . ... �f1 + would lose a b c d e f g h to 61. �e3 �e1+ 62. �f3 �f1+ 63. �g3 �e1+ 64. �h2 +-. I chose the other check. The draw is unavoidable. If 67. �q �c3+ 6o . ... Wg3+ I 61. �C4 68. �d8, then 68 . ... �as+ 69. �e7 �a7+ 70. �f6 �f2+. 61. �e4 �xg2+. 67. �as 67. ... Wa2+ 68. �b4 Wb2+ 69.

61. . .. Wf4+ 62. �bs Wf1 + 63. �b6 �a4 Wc2+ 70. �bs We2+ 71. �b6 Wf2+ = Wf2+ Y2-Y2 * * * 126 0 a b c d e f g h The process of elimination can be used not 8 8 only in defence, but also in positions where 7 7 one stands better - though in that case it should be used more carefully. Yo u might 6 6 overestimate your position and findyo ur­ 5 5 self going down a losing line rather than 4 4 being satisfied with a draw in another varia­ 3 8 3 tion. To avoid such a disaster, one should also calculate the consequences ofyo ur cho­ 2 2 1i:8 sen move (perhaps not as thoroughly as the others) ensuring that you at least have a a b c d e f g h 'bale-out' option.

Fortunately, my opponent could not find a win here. White's main problem is that I!XI!RCISES 119 � Exercises (solutions p. 123-125)

• E7-1 * 11 E7-3 ** 11 a b c d e f a b c d e f

8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E7-2 * 11 E7-4 ** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 120 CHAPTER 7 THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

E7-5 ** 11 E7-7 *** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E7-6 *** rn E7-8 *** 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 121

E7-9 *** 11 E7-11 *** rn a b c d e a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E7-10 *** 11 E7-12 *** 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 12.2. CHAPTER 7 THE. PROCESSOF E.LIMINATION

E 7-13 *** I1J E7-15 **** I1J a b c d e f h a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E7-14 **** I1J E 7-16 ***** • a b c d e f g h a b c d e f h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h SOLUTIONS E7-1 TO E7•7 123

Sol utions

0 E7-1 'l1xg540. Acr = ( �40. E!.xeS+ E!.xeS 41. !'!xg7 Fridstein, I987 E!.e2!-+ ). I • ••• �a8! 39· 1'!xe7 �fs 40. 1'!xg7! Wxgs 4I. 1'!xa7 [6!'!c7 ; 1. ... !'!b1+� 2. �a4 !'!a1+ 3· �b3 h1\Y(3 . i�h 42.. Whs+ ... l"tbi+4· �a2 .El.CI 5· cS\Y+ +-) 4· Ftxh1+-; 1. Anand carries out the attack powerfully. ... h1\Y�2. cSCLJ+ �bs (2. ... �as 3· ct:Jb6+ �bs 42.• ••• Ags 4· a7#) 3· a7+ �xeS 4· !'!xh1+-] [ 42 . ... \Ygs 4 3· 'l1h6 + ct:Jg7 44· 'l1f6 +-J z. �b6 43· f4 ! Wg6 (2. gh8+ �a7 3· cS\Ygx cS; 2. gxh2 gXC7 3· [ 43· ... ct:Jxf4 44· Ag7+ +-] 't!?b6 gcs =] 44· Aes

z. . •. �bi+ 3· �cs �ci+ 4· �d6 �di+ S· Preparing an elegant finale. �e7 �CI 6. �d8 �di+ 7• �d7 �Xd7+ 44· ••• �es 4S· Wxhs!! ( 7· · · · .§.CI=] [45· \Yxh5!! \Yxh546. Ap#] 8. �xd7 hiW 9· c8W+ �a7 =. I-0.

0 E7-2 0 E7-6 Ragozin - Boleslavsky, Moscow1945 Nikolay Grigoriev, I933 3S· ••• �£, �� [35· ... .§.bs+ 636. �a4� .§.bi+ -+] I. �ai !! 36. e8W+ +- [36. eS\Y+�xe S 37· Aa4 +-] I-o. (1. 'i!?b2�d4 2. 'i!?a2 (2. 'i!?b1 d3! =; 2. 'i!?cr c;!?q 3· 'i!?d1 d3 4· cxd3 'i!?xd3 =) 2 . ... 'i!?c3 3· 'i!?b1 (3. 0 E7-3 �a3�� 'i!?xc2) 3· ... d3 4· cxd3 'i!?xb3 =; Timoshchenko - Kuzmin, SSSR 1980 1. �b1:''i!?c3 2. 'i!?cr d4 3· �d1 (3. �b1 d3 4· cxd3 I • ••• �e7i' (1. ... 'i!?g7 ! 2. Fl.h7+ 'i!?f6 ± (2. ... �Xb3 =) 3· ... d3 =] 't!?fs � 3· gxe6 +-)] z. 1'!bs 1'!a4 [2. ... E!.b2 3· I • ••. �C3 IJ.e4 b3 4· E!.xb3 +-] 3· 1'!e4�ai 4· �bxb4 +- [ 1. ... d4 2. 'i!?b2 'i!?c5 3· �c1 �b4 4· �d2 +-] I-0. 2. �hi �b... (2 . ... d4 3· �CI d3 4· cxd3 �Xb3 (4. ... �Xd3 5· 0 E7-4 �b2! +-) 5· �d2! +-; 2 . ... �d4 3· 'i!?b2+-] Richard Reti, Igz8 3· �ci �CJ 4· �di d4 S· �ci d3 6. cxd3 I. e8W+! [1. �xd6� �eS 2. �c6 (2. �e6 E!.xc7) �xb3 2 . ... �xe7 3· 'i!?b]'i!?d7 -+] I • ••• �xeS [ 1. ... [ 6 . ... 'i!?xb3 7· 'i!?d2!] I:l.xe8 2. �xd6 =] z. �xd6 �a8 3· �c6 [ 6 �b7] 7· �dz! +-. 3· ••• �c8 4· �d6 = 'h-'h. 0 E7-7 0 E7-5 Vladimir Bron, I979

Anand - Karpov, Frankfurt (rapid) 1999 I. g7 (1. d7:'h1\Y 2. ds\Y\Yh4+ -+] I • ••• Ac4 38 . ... 1'!xe7 i' (1. ... h1\Y2. gs\Y =] z. gsW! (2. d7 h1\Y3· �e7 Karpov played this move very quickly, and it was 1i1e4+ -+] z • ••• Axgs 3· d7 hiW 4· dsW Wh4+ the decisive mistake. He could have defended his S· �87 Wxds stalemate (5. ... \Yg4+ 6. 'i!?fs = position with 038 . ... �fs 39· E!.xa7 (39· E!.xg7 (6. 'i!?f6 �� \Yg5#)] 'h-'h. Z:XXe1+ 40. 'l1xe1 B.es 41. \Yq E!.e3+) 39· ... 124 SOLUTIONS E7-S TO E7-14

OE7-8 Wxf8+ �h7 3�. Wxd6 +- We4 33· 'Mc7+ �h6 Ravikumar - Nielsen, Esbjerg 1980 34· Wcr+ 8S 3S· g3 �hs 36. Wdr+ �g6 37· h3

I • ••• �as� �f6 38. Wd� bs 39· �hz 1-o. [1 . ... dxcs� 2. b6 C4 (2 . ... cxb6 3· a6 +-) 3· a6 cxb6 4· d6 c3 5· d7 q 6. a7 c2 7· dS@+

1 • ••• c6�� 2. cxd6 cxbs 3· d7 f7� f!.g7+2. fs l!xa7 -+; 1. aS!/:1�

1. ... b73· bxq [] f!.a7+ -+] I . . . . �h7 2.. 86+ [2.. 4· cxd6+ +-) 3· cxd6 +-; <;!;>[]�f!.x g7+ -+; 2. as@� l!xaS 3. f7f!.a7+ -+]

1. ... @cs� 2. a6 ! (2. b6� cxb6 =) 2 . ... bs (2. 2.• ... �h6 3· a8W! (3. '!9f7� l!xg7+ -+] J ... .

... dxcs 3· b6 +-) 3· b6 +-; �xa8 4· �f, �a7+ S· �88 D �><87+ [s ....

1. ••• b7! = (tide) 2. a6+ (2. cxd6 cxd6 =; 2. c6+ hs= l!xg7 stalemate] 6. bs3· b6 cxb6 = 4· a6�� bs -+; 2. b6 cxb6 =) 2 . [6. ... a7 ! 3· b6+

0 E7-9 4� •••• �b8 ! [ 42.. .. lLlc6 43· CLJd7 lLlbS44. l!at+! Karpov - Csom, Bad Lauterberg 1977 xb7 45· flbi+@c7 46. CZJxbS l!a2 (lll!aS) 47· 49· ... tDfs� l!f1 fs 48. !'!et =] 43· h3 ( 4 3· l!bs l!c1 + 44· @f2 [49· ... lt::!gs! so. lt::!hs t�l!h7 so . ... @e4 -+ (so. l!cs! 45· !!.xes lt:'lxd3+ -+ ] 43· ... 1!c7 44· 1!b4

... l!gS!� 51. lt::! xf6 lt::!f4 52. \?:txf4 lt::!h3+ 53· e2 lLlxf4+ -+) st. lL'l xf6 @eJ+ 52. + 46. e4! e2 (67. ... xh3 6S. [J +-) 0 E7-10 6S. l!f3 + xh3 6S. r;;.e4 e2 69. l!g1 r;;.h2 70 . .E'!.er r;;.g3 71.

�6 • ... Afs �� r;;.e3 h3 =; 67. @d4� e2 6S . .E'!.e6r;;.h 69. r;;.d3 et!/:1 [26 . ... l!g8�� 27- @f6+!! Axf6 2S. lt::Jf7#; 70. l!xe1r;;. xei 71. r;;.e3 r;;.di! 72. r;;.r4 r;;.e2 73·

26. ... Af6! 27. ct:ld7 Axd4 28. Ags ct:ld6 29. 'i!?g4 'i!?e3 74· r;;.xh4 '!9f4=] 67 • ••. �xh3 68. Axd8 CZJxf7 30. Af6+ (30. l!xe4 l!xd8 31.

[24. Ad4 cs!] Axd3 bs = 18. ttld:z. h6 Ae319. Ad7 :z.o.�b3 This is the idea I overlooked. ttlb7 2.1.C4 Ih-Ih. [2s. 1i,bs c;;,ds! 26. tUgs (26. Axd7 Axd7 27. e6 fx e6 2S. 1i,xg7 1"l.gs+ L'>29. CUes 1i,xc3+ 30. 0 E7-16 c;;,XCJ CLJds+ -+) 26 . ... CXd4 27. CLJXe6+ c;;,CS Anand- Gelfand, Wijk aan Zee 1996

2S. l"l.xd7 dxc3+ -+. :z.1• ••• fx e6:: The correct move was 24. 1i,f2!! oo cuds 2s.fs [21. ... 1i,xe6� 22. l"l.xe6 fx e6 23. V1xg6+ �g7 Axq+ 26. c;;,c2 1"l.h6 27. fxe6 with the point 27. 24. 1i,xe6+ l"l.f7 2s. 1i,xf7+ c;;,rs 26. �xf6 +-; ... l"l.xe6 (027. ... fx e6 2S. Ae4 Aas 29. l"l.a7 t) 21. ... l"l.es! 2S. Afs l"l.e7� (2S. ... tUxes 29. Axe6 fx e6 30. A) 22. 1"l.ef1 Ah4! +; tUgs ±) 29. llcs tUxes� 30. l"l.bs#. B) 22. �6 Ah4 (22. ... cuh4 23. �g4+ cug6 24.

:z.4• ••• Ads! zs. ttlgs �6) 23. l"l.xf7 �xf7 24. �xf7+c;;, xf7 2S. ctJc7+ [2s. 1i,d4 1i,xq+-+ ; Ae6 26. l"l.xe6 l"l.xe6 27. Axe6+ c;;,e7 2S. tLlxaS 2s. e6!� fx e6 26. CUes tUxes 27. fx es llxe4 2S. c;;,xe6 29. cub6+; l"l.bS+c;;,f] 29. l"l.xhS CUdsJO. 1i,d4CS -+] C) 22. l"l.fh llxe6 (22. ... fx e6 23. �xg6+ Ag7 :z.s. ... Axq+! 24. 1"l.f6! �xf6 2s. �xeS+ �fs 26. Axe6+ Axe6 Didn't see that one either! 27. l/1xe6+ l/1f7 2S. l/1b6 oo) 23. Axe6 fx e6 24. [2S . ... cs� 26. llxds cuxds 27. cuxf7! 1i,xcJ+ V1xg6+ llg72s. l"l.f3l"l.f s +; 2S. c;;,C2 ooJ D) 22. l"l.e4! 22. ... Axe6 23. llxe6 fx e6 24. :z.6. �xq cs -+ �xg6+ llg72s. 1"!.665] [26. ... 1i,xe4 27. CUXe4 cuds+ 2S. c;;,d4 CUsxb6 u. g,xe6! 29. CLJd6+ c;;,e7 JO. CLJfs+ c;;,fS -+) [22. V1xg6+� l/1g7 (22. ... llg7+) 23. l"l.xe6 2.7.g,xd 7 �xd7 :z.S.Axe s Axe4 :z.g.Axe 7 �xg6 24. 1"l.exf6+ c;;,h7! 0-+; [29. CUXe4 cuds+ -+ J 22. Axe6+� Axe6 23. 1"l.xe6 l/1g7!-+] :z.g. ... Axg:z. 30. Acs Ads 31. fs �c6 32.. u . ... �g7 Ad4 g,as33· h4 g,a3+34· �d2.g,aH 3S· �e1 (22 . ... Axe6 23. V1xg6+l/1g7 (23 . ... Ap 24. g,a4o-1. Axe6+) 24. Axe6+ c;;,hs (24. ... l"l.f7 2s. Axf7+ c;;,rs 26. V1xf6 +-) 2s. l"l.hs++-] 0 E7-15 2.3.g,xe 7+ Axe7 2.4.g,xf s Axfs :z.s. h4!+­ Yu supov - Epishin, Bundesliga 1999/zooo [2s. h4 c;;,h7 26. hs ctJe727. �f3 (27. �f4 Ad7 2S. 16. An = [16. l/1c2� cuxc3 17. 1i,b3 (17. '@xq �f6 Ac6 29. Af, +-) 27. ... Afs 2S. �xb7 +-] �Xa4 +) 17. ... cuxb3 IS. axb3 CUe2+ 19. c;;,hl 1-0. �bs L'>2o. l"l.cdi cuxd4!!-+ J 16. ... Wxd3 17. 126 CHAPTER 7 THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

Practical exercises

Try to play the fo llowing fo ur studies like real games. Yo u always have White. For each of the first two positions you have half an hour's thinking time, and fo r each of the second two you have an hour. Cover the moves and the diagrams that fo llow with a sheet of paper. When you have reached a decision, you can look at the correct move, the comments, and the 'opponent's' next move. Each study runs in a column. In the left-hand column you'll fi rst find a study by Grigoriev, then Vlasenko; in the right-hand column a study by Gurvich, then Kozirev. Focus your attention on the candidate moves, and try to refute poor moves as quickly as possible.

Nikolay Grigoriev 1931 Abram Gurvich 1961 128 130 a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 7 7 • t[j 7 6 6 • 6 5 5 � 5 4 4 ,.. 4 3 3 .i_ 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

129 [1] 131 [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h PRACTICAL EXERCISES 127

132 rn a b c d e f h

8 8

7 7

6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h

V. Vlasenko 1970 V. Kozirev 1978 133 rn 134 rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 128 CHAPTER 7 THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

135 rn 137 rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

136 rn 138 rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h PRACTICAL EXERCISES 129

139 rn 141 rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

140 rn 142 rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 130 CHAPTER 7 THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

143 [1] 145 [1] a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

144 146 a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h PRACTICAL EXERCISES

Grigoriev 1931: solution Gurvich1961 : solution

Diagram 128 on page 126 Diagram 130 on page 126 I. h4! (2 points) I. �f4! (2 points) 1. �f7 � g5 2. �f6 (2. 'i!?g7 �b3 3· �xh7 'i!?c4 4· L.tLlg5, 'i!?g3; c;;,g6 g4 5· �g5 'i!?d5 6. 'i!?xg4 �e6 =) 2 . ... g4 I. 'i!,>h4� ctJf2 ( I . ••. 'i!?g7 2. ctJg5 ctJf2 3· ctJX h3 = ) 3· �g5 'i!?b3 4· 'i!?xg4 'i!?c45· �g5 'i!?d56. 'i!?h6 2. ctJg5+ (2. 'i!?g3 CLle4+ 3· 'i!?xh3 �g7 +-) 2 . ... 'i!?e6 7· 'i!?xh7 'i!?f]=. �f6 3· ctJh7+(3. tLlxh3 tLlxh3 4· 'i!?xh3 'i!;>f5 -+)

I .... hs 3· 0 0 0 'i!?g7 +-.

I 1. ••• 'i!?b3 (1. . . . h6 2. h5 +-) 2. 'i!?f7 �c4 3· 'i!?xg7 . ... ltlfz c;;,d5 4· e6 5· 'i!?g7 +-. 1. .•. 'i!?g7 2. tLlg5tLlf 2 3· 'i!?g3'it>f6 4· tLlh7+=.

Diagram 129 on page 126 Diagram 131 on page 126 z. �fs! (1 point) 2.. �f3! (2 points) 2. �f7 � g5! 3· hxg5 h4 4· g6 h3 5· g7 h2 6. gs@ 2. 'i!?g3 CLle4+ 3· 'i!?xh3 'i!?g7-+; 2. tLlg5+ 'i!?f6 3· hi@ =. tLlh7+ 'i!?g7 -+; 2. 'i!?e3 �g73· tLlg5tLldi + -+.

2... . . g6 z . ••• �g7 3· ltlgs �h6

2 ••• • g5 3· hxg5 h4 4· g6 h3 5· g7 h2 6. gB@+ +-. 3· 0 0 0 'i!;>f6 4· CLlh7+=. ... ltlf7+ = .

Diagram 132 on page 127 3· �e7 ! +- (1 point) 3· 'i!;>g7 g5 4· hxg5 h4 =. 3· ... �b3 4· �f6 �c4 ;. �xg6 �ds 6. �xh; �e6 7· �g6 +-. 132 CHAPTER 7 THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

Vlasenko 1970: solution Kozirev 1978: solution

Diagram 133 on page 127 Diagram 134 on page 127 1. ti)bz(2 points) I. �e7 1. �b7+�

1 • ••• �as 1. ... e2� 2. ctJc4 e1'r!=1 3· �b7#. z. �cs ez 3· ti)c4+ �a4 Diagram 137 on page 128 3· ... '1!7a6 4· 't!?c6. I . ... Wes+ z. �d7 (1 point) 2. <;!;>fa? 'r!=Jf6 + 3· '1!7gaAf7+ 4· <;!;>fa �e6+ s. l!i>es 'r!=Jf7 + 6. 'i!;>da 'r!=Jfa#; 2. 't!?da?? 'r!=Jd6(ea/q)#.

Diagram 135 on page 128 z • ••• Ae8+ 3· �d8 A6 4· Af)! (2 points) �'r!=1e8(d6/q)#. 4· Ac6+ '1!7b3 5· Cbd2+ 'i!;>q6. tb[J 'i!;>xd3 =. 4· ... eiW S· Adi+ Wxdi Diagram 138 on page 128 4· Wbz+ ! (2 points) Diagram 136 on page 128 4·

8 • ••• 34 a. 'i!;>d7� J:Le6+-+; a. 't!?c6� �ea+ -+. a . ... '1!7c2 g. 'l!;>xd4 '1!7xdi (g. ... a4 10. ctJq +-) 8 . ... �b6! 10. '1!7c3 +-. (�'r!=Jea#) 9· �Xd4 33 10. ti)q�b4 10 . ... '1!7b2II. '1!7c4 +-. Diagram 142 on page 129 9· Wd7 (1 point) Diagram 140 on page 129 g. 'i!;>d7? �e6+. II. ti)az+ �b3 IZ. ti)ci+ �b4 9· ... Ae6! 12 . ... '1!7b2 13. '1!7c4 '1!7xci 14.

Diagram 145 on page 130 Diagram 143 on page 130 10. hsW! (2 points) IJ. �ds! (1 point) 10. 'r!=Jd2? 'r!=Jf6 + 11. '1!7ea 'r!=Jf7 + 12. 't!?da'r!=Jf a#; IJ . ... c-hq I4· d4 c-hez IS· c-hc4+-. 10. 'r!=Jxe6+? 'r!=1xe6 11. hs'r!=J'r!=Jd 6+ 12. 't!?es (12. Diagram 144 on page 13 0 '1!7ca l;!:Jq#) 12. ... 'r!=Jba+-+. 10.. .. WxhS+ II. Wes We s PRACTICAL EXERCISES 133

Diagram 146 on page 130 u.. Wxe6+! (2 points) 12.

12.. . . • W x e6 stalemate 134 CHAPTER 7 THE PROCESS OF ELIMINATION

Score table 1 35

8 Zugzwang

Let me start with a definition: 'zugzwang, a Artur Yusupov- Egon Brestian German word, now anglicised, fo r a posi­ Schallaburg 1998 tion in which whoever has the move would 147 0 obtain a worse result than if it were the op­ a b c d e f h ponent's turn to play .. .' (The Oxford Com­ 8 8 panion to Chess, Hooper & Whyld). 7 7 Zugzwangis a very important element of the endgame. By contrast, in the mid­ 6 6 dlegame such situations are rare; and in 5 5 th e opening, where every tempo is vital to 4 4 accelerate development, it would be hard 3 3 to imagine a situation where zugzwang oc­ 2 curs. Having the move is an advantage ! The �� � 2 concept ofzugz wang is fo reign to the open­ ing and middlegame, but with heavy piece a b c d e f g h exchanges, the course of the game changes. In his classic book 'Common Sense in 30. CLJf3 Threatening lLlgs. Chess' describes 'the three 30 • ... f6 31. g4 elements that give the endgame its charac­ ter: the offensive power of the king, the White wanted to continue with g4-g5. passed pawn and zugzwang. Play in the 31 . ... gs endgame changes so much, that the play­ Or 31 . ... �g8 32. gs �f7 33· �f1, fo llowed er's mental attitude must also be different. by �g2-g3-g4, gxf6 and lLlgs. A player cannot reckon with massive effects, he becomes more moderate and works with 32. CLJd2�g8 33· CLJf1 �f7 34· ClJg3 11 small values. His attacks are no longer great This is more precise than 34. lLle3 'i!?e7 conceptions ... but are more concerned 35. lLlfs+ �d7, and Black can unpin himself with the exertion of pressure on the enemy with !:!a8. pieces, cramping them, and thereby rob­ bing them more and more of their mobility, 34· ••• �e7 3s. l2Jhs �f7 till Finally zugzwang occurs and the defe nce Now Black's king must also assist in de­ breaks.' fe nce by protecting the pawn on f6 . * * * 36. CLJg7 (Diagra m 147) White has a clear advantage : the rook And Black resigned. If 36 . ... �g6, then on the seventh rank is so strong that it ties 37· lLlfs! +-. And after 36 . ... �e7 there fo l­ up two enemy pieces. Only Black's king can lows 37· t0e6 and Black is in zugzwang. He move. All White has to do is bring the knight can still move his pawns fo r a few moves, into play. but then that's it. CHAPTER 8 ZUGZWANG

Lasker beautifully descri bed a typical zug­ 30. ... ds zwang position: 'Both sides have each piece & each still mobile pawn in their best, most Or 30 . ... gq 31. f3 gq 32. �f2! and efficient, attacking & defensive position. The Black has no other move left than 32 . ... ds, reserves have all been deployed, each piece with a similar position to the game. has its purpose, and it carries out that pur­ 31. l!a1 ! pose in its assigned place. But now a move must be made, and that privilege turns into Fischer's technique is perfect. 31. exds+ the opposite. Moving will mean giving up 'i!fxds 32. �d1+ was weaker because of'i!i>e6 the desired position fo r an inferior one. One 33· �d8 Ag7! With this intermezzo, Fischer would rather not move, but the laws of avoids this possibility. chess demand & command it without de­ 31 . ... gc6 mur. The obligation to move is the reason that the position can no longer be held.' Or 31 . ... dxe4 32. gxa6+ �d5 33· gb6 +­ Wins. Robert Fischer - New Yo rk 1962 0 32. exds+ �xds 33· gd1+ r;!>e634· gds r;!>fs

8 8 lf34 . ... gq, then 35. ga8 +- wins. 1------· ��---.-- ���� ·�� 1 7 7 35· l!a8.§.e6 36. gh3 l 6 6 Threatening simply 37· gf3. 5 5 36 . ... Ag7 37· l!xh8 Axh8 38. gxh7 ge8 4 4 39· gf]+ r;!>g440. f3 + 3 3 And White won the game. 2 2

Svetozar Gligoric- Vassily Smyslov abcdef h g Amsterdam 1971 149 • Fischer played the endgame so skillfully a b c d e f g h that his opponent has been left without a decent move: the rooks have to protect the 8 8 h-pawn, king and bishop cannot move onto 7 7 the seventh rank, and the rook on q has 6 6 to be ready to protect the pawn on a6 (it 5 5 has to stay on q so that it can protect the a-pawn from c6). There fo llowed a simple 4 4 waiting move. 3 3 2 2

Now Black is in zugwang and has to open abcdef h the position himself. g 137

Black has the more active pieces and a The only chance fo r White to win lies in better king position. Here, zugzwang also the poor position of Black's knight. leads to a quick win. 1. �f3 �h4+ 41 . ... �h71 0 Black wants to sacrifice the knight fo r Every move worsens White's desperate the last pawn and thereby reach a draw. situation. 2. gxh4 �hs 4Z• gC1 At first glance, White must lose the h­ Or 42. @h2? gxf3 43· Wxf3 A>xh4, then 4. l1Jf5+. 43· gd1 Wxc3 -+ would be no better. Now the point of the study: White can no longer save the pawn, but ... 43· ··· Wf4 l 4· �g2 1 Axh4S· Af7+ �gs 6. Ae8 and White resigned because of 44· gc2 �xf3-+. and Black is in zugzwang.The final posi­

*** tion deserves a diagram. �1 •

Zugzwang plays a central role m the a b c d e f h endgame. There is hardly an endgame 8 8 where the motif does not come into play. Opposition, and coordinate 7 7 squares in pawn endgames are the most 6 6 �-�"""'""..., well-known examples. Positions with recip­ 5 5 �--=..J rocal zugzwang are particularly interesting. 4 4 Th is idea is demonstrated in the next study. 3 3

Fritz1953 0 2 2 a b c d e f h

8 8 a b c d e f g h 7 7 The limited scope of Black's bishop is ev­ ident. The king has to protect the bishop, but it too has run out of squares. Interestingly enough, it is a reciprocal zugzwang. Black is in zugzwang because of the poor position of his pieces. White is in zugzwang because his pieces are placed too perfectly. The knight has to attack the enemy a c e f h b d g bishop and cover the e1 square, the king 138 CHAPTER 8 ZUGZWANG takes away the f2 and g3 squares from the 1. a4l bishop and the g4 square from Black's king. The bishop has to control the hs square, 1. tLlfs?! tLlg2 2. tL:le3+? (2. g6 tL:lf4 3· g7 and it is placed perfectly on e8. If White tLlhs+) would have been incorrect due to 2. were to move, 7· .Af7 would not work be­ ... ttJxe3 3· g6 'i!?d6 4· g7 lLlds+. cause Black's king attacks the bishop and 1 . ... bs 2. as the trap fa lls apart. Recognising in good time that a zug­ and Black is in zugzwang. zwangpositi on is about to occur is a great The reason why ds was the best square skill. fo r Black's king will soon become evident. jan Tim man - Hans Ree 2 . ... 'i!?c43· tDfs tLlg24· �es ! Amsterdam 1984 152 0 and Black can no longer halt the g-pawn. a b c d e f h * * * 8 8

Here are some important criteria that can lead to zugzwang: 1 ) immobile pieces; 2) the position of pieces and pawns are op· timal and cannot be improved; 3) overloaded pieces. Zugzwang IS an exceptionally useful weapon that should not be lacking from

a b c d e f g h our arsenal in the endgame. EXERCISES 139

� Exercises (solut;ons p. 147-151)

• EB-1 * rn EB-3 * • a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 • 8 8 8 7 •• 7 7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

EB-2 * rn EB-4 * rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e h 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6

5 5 5 4 � 4 4 4 3 �� � � 3 3 3 2 � 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 140 CHAPTER 8 ZUGZWANG

EB-s * 111 ES-7 * • a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6 6 6

s 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

ES-6 * • E8-8 * 111 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 141

EB-9 ** [1] EB-11 ** [1] a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E8-1o ** [1] EB-12 ** [1] a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 142 CHAPTER 8 ZUGZWANG

ES-13 ** Ill ES-15 ** • a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 • 7

6 6 6 • • 6 5 5 5 ·�·�· 5 4 4 4 � � 4 3 3 � l:l\t> 3 2 2 � � 2 I iV 1

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

EB-14 ** • ES-16 *** • a b c d e f g h a b c d e

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5

4 4

3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 143

ES-17 *** • ES-19 *** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

ES-18 *** rn E8-2o *** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 144 CHAPTER 8 ZUGZWANG

EB-21 *** rn EB-23 *** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

EB-22 *** rn EB-24 **** rn a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 145

ES-25 **** rn ES-27 **** 6 a b c d e f h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

ES-26 **** rn ES-28 **** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 146 CHAPTER 8 ZUGZWANG

EB-29 ****** I1J EB-31 **** I1J a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

EB-30 **** I1J EB-32 ***** I1J a b c d e f h a b c d e f h

8 8 8 8

7 7 7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h SOLUTIONS E8-I TO E8-I2 147

Solutions

0 E8-1 0 E8-9 Illustrative example Ercole Del Rio, (I7SO) I. �6 0 A ... z. Axg7#I-o. I. A6+ �gi z. Ahi !! �xhi 3· �fi 0 ds 4· exds e4 S· d6 e3 6. d7 ez+ 7· �xez �gi 8. 0 E8-2 d8W hiW 9· Wd4+ �hz Io. Wh4+ �gz II. Zejbot - Levin, St. Petersburg 1900 Wg4 + �hz u. �fz +- I-o.

I • .§.gs0 I-o. 0 E8-1o 0 E8-3 Oj anen, A. I943 Szily - Balogh, corr IJ. Wd7+ Wbs I4· Wd4+ Wb4 IS. Wd3 0+­ I . ... �h7 0-+ 0-I [2. g4 Wh2#; 2. Wd6 bs (15. ... Wf4 16. Wb3#; 15. ... Wbs 16. Wa3#] lt'1xd4#]. I6. Wcz+ Wb3+ I7. Wxb3# I-o.

0 E8-4 0 ES-11 Illustrative example Baramidze - Smeets, Pulvermiihle2001 I. �f8! 0 h6 [ 1. ... hs 2. �f7 c;;,h7 3· �f6 0] z. In order to win this endgame White has to cross hs ! �h7 (2 . ... gxhs 3· g6 +-] 3· �6 gxhs 4· the defensive line b8-h2 with one of his pawns. g6+ +-. Without both a-pawns the position would be drawn, but here zugzwang helps. o Es-s SS· �cs 0 �d8 Yu supov-Anand, Linares 1992 If 55· ... �f6, then 56. f4 ! 1bxf4 57· �b6 fo llowed I. Ac7 +- I-o (1. ... �as 2. b6 8]. by 58. C7, and White wins. s6. �ds �e7 S7· �e4 0 E8-6 and Black cannot block the f- pawn. Gol'berg - Zhuk, Leningrad 1934 S7· ... �f6 s8. f4 Ab8 S9· Ad7 I-o. 47· ... �e6: Instead 47· ... f6 ! 48. g6 �e6 49· 't9b2 = was necessary. 48. h6 ! +- gxh6 49· gxh6 0 ES-12 �f6 so. fs 0 I-o. Andersson- McNab, corr 1992 I. �ez! 0 (1. ilxf7? ilxe4; 1. c;;,fJ?ildi +; 1. g3?! 0 E8-7 1bb1 2. c;;,f3 1bc2 3· 1bxf7 (3. Wxf7+ \3'xf7+4· Pirrot - Yu supov, German Cup 1992 ilxf7 c;;,g7 6c;;,f6 -es) 3· ... Qdi+ 4· �g2 Wc2+ 32 . ... Ad3 0 33· g3 gs 34· h4 h6 3S· hxgs s. �g1 Wxe4 =] I . ... Abi z. �6 Acz 3· Axf7 hxgs 36. gxf4 gxf4 -+ White resigned because Adi+ 4· �fz WcH S· �gi Wxe4 6. Ae6 +­ of 37· tLld1 (or37· c;;,g2 1be2 38. c;;,h3 1bxf3 -+) 37· WeJ+ 7· �hi \Mf4 8. Afs+ �g8 9· Wg6+ �f8 ... �e7 38. tLlb2�d6 39· tLld1 �cs 40. tLlb2c;;,bs Io. Wxh6+ �6 II. We6+ �f8 IZ. Wc8+ �g7 41. CLJdi �b4 -+. O-I, IJ. \Md7+ �f6 I4· We6+ Black resigned because of 14 . ... ci?g7 15. We7+ c;;,g8 16. Qe6+ c;;,h8 17. 0 E8-8 Wd8+ c;;,g7 18. Wxd1 +- I-o. Moritz Lewitt, I896 I. bs! h3 z. g4+ �h4 3· b3 0 hs 4· gs ! fx gs S· b4 g4 6. �f4 0 g3 7· hxgJ#I-o. SOLUTIONS ES-13 TO E8-20

0 EB-13 �fi ! l!xh3 45· �xdz Af4 46. �e4! c;;,g7 47· Smyslov - Eingorn, Moscow1988 l!d3 l!h4 48. l!d7+ h6c;;, 49· c;;,f) Aes so. �g3 The fo rmer world champion findsan elegant way l!f4+ 51. c;;,gz l!g4 52.. c;;,h3 c;;,gs 53· l!e7 �f6 to pin his opponent's pieces. 54. l!h7 = [t.tt:Jhs] 'h-'h. 42. l!xc6 !� bxc6 43· l!xc6 l!es [ 43· ... Ercs 44· Ei:a6 +-] 44. l!c7 l!d8 45· �xe6! l!xe6 46. 0 EB-17 h4 0+- J-0. Taimanov - Botvinnik, SSSR 1967 38 . ... gs! (38. ... 'i!ff6 39· 'i!fg3 'i!ffs 40. e4+ 0 EB-14 'i!?xe4 41. 'i!?xg4 es 42. 'i!?gs =] 39· hs �g7 40. Miles - Yu supov, Linares 1997 c;;,g3 c;;,h7!! 41. c;;,xg4 c;;,h6 42.. e4 White re­

39· ••• Wd4 � signed because of the fo llowing line: [ 42 . ... as Black overlooks a chance to dominate the enemy (42. ... es?? 43· a3! as 44· a4 +-) 43· a4 (43· es pieces. The powerful 39· ... �d3! was correct: a4 44· e6 a3 8) 43· ... es 8 44· 'i!?fs 'i!?xhs 45· A) 40. 'i!?g2 �b1 41. �d2 �xe4+ +; 'i!?xes g4 46. 'i!?f4 (46. 'i!?d4 g3 47· 'i!?e3 'i!?g4 48. B) 40. fJ �d4+ 41. 'i!?g2 �bH 42. 'i!?gi 'i!?g7 8 es 'i!?h3 49· e6 g2 so. 'i!?h 'i!?h2 51. e7 gi�+ -+) 43· g4 �c1 44· 'i!?f2 gs 45· hxgs h4 46 . .fbe2 46 . ... 'i!?h4 47· es g3 48. e6 g2 49· e7 gi� so. �Xei+ 47· 'i!?xe1 Axe2 48. 'i!?xe2 'i!?g6 -+. e8� �fH 51. 'i!?es �e3+ -+] o-1. 40. Af3 and White saved the game. 0 EB-18 Alexander Hildebrand, 1957 0 EB-15 1. �gs+ �f4 2.. Axes+ �xes 3· �6+ �f4 4· Nimzowitsch - Capablanca, New Yo rk 1927 c;;,fz ! Ag3+ S· c;;,gz 0 1-o.

45· ••• l!cJ ! 0 46. l!e3 [ 46. �g2 l1g1-+ ; 46. 'i!fh4frc2 47· �XC2 �Xf3 -+; 46. �e2 �g i+ -+; 0 EB-19 46. '8fd2 Ei:gi+ -+; 46. frd3l"rf1 47· �e2 �g i+ 48. Henri FUnck, 1917 �g2 h4+ 49· 'i!?h3 �xgH so. 'i!?xg2 .frxf4 -+] 1. Wc7+! c;;,a8 2.. Was+! c;;,b7 [ 2 . ... 'i!?bs 3·

46• ••• l!fi -+ 0-1. �b6+ +-] 3· �cs+! �b8 (3 .... 'i!?c6 4· �a4+ +­ ; 3· ... 'i!?cs 4· �aS+ +-] 4· Wb6+ �c8 S· Wb7+ 0 EB-16 c;;,d8 6. c;;,dz! 0 1-o. Spassky - Timman, Tilburg 1978

37· ••• l!as� 0 E8-2o Black overlooks the decisive regrouping that Louis Van Vliet, 1888 would have lefi:hi s opponent with almost no ac- 1. Wb4! 0 Wh• rive move: (I . ... �ds 2. �a4+ 'i!?b6 3· �b3+ �xb3 4· 37· ... l"re1! 38. l"rb1 Af4! (38 . ... Afs 39· a4 Aa3 b8�+ +-; 40. as ACI would have been weaker because of 41. I . ... �fJ 2. �a4+ 'i!fb6 3· �b3+ �Xb3 4· tt:Jc3)39· a4 Ac7 and the bishop blocks the pawn b8�+ +-; at as. White cannot prevent the penetration of I . ... �g2 2. �a3+ 'i!fb5 3· �bH �xb2 4· the king from gS to c2. b8�+ +-; In the game Spassky defended tenaciously and I . ... �e8+ 2. bSlLl+ �xb8+ 3· �xbs +-] gained the draw. 2..Wa 3+ c;;,b6 38. l!b2 l!a4 39· l!b6! c;;,f7 4o. l!d6 l!xa2 (2 . ... 'i!?bs 3· �bH 'i!?c4 (3 . ... 'i!?a4 4· �a2+ 41. c;;,f3 l!a1 42. c;;,e2. l!a4 43· �e3! l!xh4 44· 'i!?b4 5·�bi+ �xbi 6. b8�+) 4· 'i!?a7 �gi+ 5· SOLUTIONS E8·2I TO E8-26 I49

'i!?a6 1c'ifg6+ 6. 1c'ifb6+-] 0 E8-24 3· Wb:z.+ c;!;lc7 Kasparov - Yusupov, Linares 1993

[3 . ... �a6 4· 1tta2+ �b5 5· 1c'ifbi+ 1ttxbi 6. I02.• .E!.e7+: b81c'if+ +-; White does not findthe right plan. He tries to 3· ... �c5 4· �a7 1<'ifh75· 1c'ifb6+�c4 6. �a6 +-] fo rce the enemy king from the a-pawn, but he 4· Wh:z.+ ! Wxhz 5· b8W+ I-o. can't drive it fa r enough away. The winning strat­ egy was completely different: White should have 0 E8-21 used the poor position of Black's king at the edge Josef Va ncura, I92.6 of the board to fo rce zugzwang. 102. Ei.d8! �c7 I. c;!;le7! IOJ. Ei.d4'i!?b7 104. Ei.d7+ 'i!?c8 105. �c6 Ac2 106. [1. �d7� �b7 2. �d6 �b6 3· �d5 �b5 4· �d4 Ei.d4.Ub3 (106 . ... �b8 107. �b6 +-) 107. �b6 @b4 5· �d3 �b3 6. �d2 Ei.a2 8] was correct and Black is in zugzwang.

The key position of this study: reciprocal Ioz. ... c;!;lc8 I03. c;!;lc6 c;!;>d8! = 104 • .l:!d7+ zugzwang. c;!;le8 105. c;!;lc7 Acz Io6 • .l:!dz Ab3 107 • .E!.e:z.+

[7. Ei.ei (7. �d3 Ei.a8 -+) 7· ... Ei.a8 -+] c;!;lf7Io8. c;!;>d6 Ac4 Io9 • .E!.e7+ c;!;>f8 110• .l:!e4

I . ... c;!;la7 Ab3 III. c;!;>d7 c;!;>f7 112.• .l:!f4+ c;!;>g6 113· c;!;>d6

[1 . ... �b7 2. �d7 !) c;!;lgs114. c;!;les c;!;lg6 115 • .E!.f3 c;!;lg7• 116 .E!.f6 Ac4 z. c;!;le6! c;!;la6 3· c;!;les 4·«!;>as c;!;le4 5·c;!;la4 117. c;!;lfs Ab3 118. c;!;lgs Acz '-h-'-h. �e3 c;!;la36. c;!;>dz [6. �e2 ga2 (6 . ... �a2 7· �d2) 7· �d3 �b3 o ES-25 8. �d2 8; 6. �e4 ga2 (6 . ... �a2 7· �e3 =) 7· Leonid Kubbel, I92.7 @dJ =] I. a6 ! e3 2.. a7 ez 3· a8W eiW 4· Wds+ c;!;lb4 5· 6 . ... c;!;lb3 7· c;!;ld3 .l:!az 8. c;!;>dz0 .l:!a8 9· Wd3 0 Wai [5. ... 1c'ifc1 6. Wa3+ 'i!?c4 7· b3+ +-; !!xcz= '-h-'-h. 5· ... �a4 6. 1c'ifa3#; 5· ... 1ttf2 6. 1<'ifCJ+ �a4 7· 1<'ifaJ#.] 6. WCJ+ c;!;la4 7· b3+ +- I-o. 0 E8-22 Henri Rinck, I92.6 0 E8-26 I. !!c7+.l:!d7 [I . ... �e8 2. 1c'ifc6 + +-; I . ... �e6 Yu supov - Kotronias, Bundesliga 1996/97 2. 1c'ife 3+ �d5 J. 1ttd3+ �e6 4· 1<'ife4+ �d6 5· 82.. Axd6: �c6+ �d7 6. 1tte6#; I . ... �d6 2. 1c'ifc5+ �e6 J. This only leads to a draw. �e7#] z. Wcs+ c;!;>d8 ! [2. ... 'i!?e8 J. 1c'ife5+ 'i!?d8 4· Instead, the winning plan runs as fo llows: �xd7+ +-] 3· c;!;>h6 ! 0 [J. ... Ei.xc7 4. 1c'iff8 + +-; transfer the bishop to d8 (with the help of the 3· ... 1c'ifxq1c'iff 4· 8#; J . ... 1c'ifa8 4· 1c'iff8+ �xc7 king), play the pawn to f6 , the bishop to e7 s. 1c'ifxa8;3· ... 1c'ifb2 4· fi.c8#.] I-0. and win the d-pawn without losing the f- pawn. To achieve this, White has to fo rce Black into 0 E8-23 zugzwang. Abram Gurvich, I92.7 [82 . .Uh4! 1. �e4 ! �d3 [1. ... g11<'if+2. C0f2+ +-] z. Wfz !! A) 82 . ... Acs�! 83. 'i!?d7 .Ua3 84. ii,q Acs Bs. f6 �xfz 3· CDg3+! c;!;lgi 4· tDgs 0 CDhg4 [ 4· ... Aa3 (85 . ... .Ud4 86. �xd6 +-) 86. Axd6 +-; <'t:Jd3 5· coh3#] 5· tDfJ# I-o. B) 82. ... �e8 83. �c7 ! Ab4 84. .Ug58 Ac5 85. Ads! (85. �cB .Ub6) 85. ... kb4 86. �cB 1&c5 (86 . ... kCJ 87. f6 .Ue5 88. Ae7 Ag3 8g. 'i!?c7 Aes go. �c6 8 �f7 91. �d7 8) 87. f6 .Ub4 88. 150 SOLUTIONS E8-27 TO E8-29 lJ,e7!J,q Bg.

8z • ... Abz 83. Ag3 �f6 84. d6 �xf5 85. Ah4+ 64.

63 • ••• Af7 64. �g3 �d5 65. g5 76. Aai The waiting move 63. . . . lJ,f7 only worsened ( 76.

Correct was 59· Aci!! Afs (59· ... !J,g7 6o. Ae3!) to move. Then af ter B .••• fl.fg he can save himself with 6o. Ad2! 8 Ae7 61. Ae1 !J,ds62. !J,g3 (62. 1lf2?? a stalemate combination: g. El.f4+! �xf4 stalemate.) lJ,f6 8) 62. ... Af6 63. JJ,f20 =. s. El.g7 �fs -+.

59· .•• Afs! 0 6o. Aei I, ... g3 [ 6o. Ae3 Ae7 61. !J,f2.Uf6 8] ( 1. ...

6o• .•• Ag7 6I. Aq 5·

6I • .•• Af6 6z. �g3 !� �h5 �ez 6. �h4 �fz 7· �h3 �f3 [ 62. !J,b2 !J,h4-+ J [ 7· ... El.a3 s. El.gs]

6z • ••• Ahs�! 8. �g4 0 �f8 9· �f4+ �xf4 stalemate SOLUTIONS ES-30 TO ES-32 ISI

0 E8-3o 4· b8� = 'i!i>d8 Io. tt::Jb7+ 'i!i>d70] Andre Cheron, I92.6 9· ... d6 10. 'i!i>b8 'i!i>d7 II. tt::Jb7 0] The winning method is easy : White has to give The important reciprocal zugzwang. Black the move. Io. �c4! e4 El.e8+ 2. fsEl.d8 3· 'i!i>es El.e8+ 4·'i!i>f6 u. b6 6. 'i!i>e7 El.ds 7· 'i!i>e6 El.hs 8. ftc I (II. ... 'i!i>d7 I2. ctJb6+ +-) El.h6+= J

u.. �as c4 'i!i>a3] :z.. ... e4 ./J.e7+ 5· fs l"td7 6. 'i!i>es Nikolay Grigoriev, I933 l"te7+ 7· 'i!i>d6 +-; :z.. a4 4· ds! El.xds+ 5· 'i!i>c4 +-; The key squares: b6 and d7. C) 3· ... El.h84· ds l"th4s. d6 ! The corresponding squares: I) cs-q; 2) ds-d8; CI) 5· ... .l'!h6 6. 'i!i>d4 .t!xd6+ 7· 'i!i>cs +-; 3) d6-c8; C4-C8; d4-c8. C2) 5· ... 'i!i>a46. d7 .t!hs7· 'i!i>c4 +-; 2. 'i!i>d4 ! 'i!i>cs 3· 'i!i>c4! +- also wins, but not 2. 'i!i>d6 C3) s . ... l"tg4 6. d7 1"tg8 7· 'i!i>d4 .t!ds8. 'i!i>cs +-;

'i!i>cs 3· c7� because of 3· ... a4 4· bxa4 as 0 = . C4) s . ... 'i!i>a6 6. d7 .t!hs7· 'i!i>d4 El.ds 8. ds :z. . ... �c8 3· �d4! +­ l"txd7+ 9· 'i!i>c6 +-. Tr iangulation. 4· c7 4· 'i!i>cs] 152 CHAPTER 8 ZUGZWANG

Score table

N� Poi nts Your Points N� Points Your Points N� Points Your Points

1 1 12 2 23 3

2 1 13 2 24 4

3 1 14 2 25 4

4 1 15 2 26 4

5 1 16 3 27 4

6 1 17 3 28 4

7 1 18 3 29 6

8 1 19 3 30 4

9 2 20 3 31 4

10 2 21 3 32 5

11 2 22 3

total 81

Poi nts Pl ayi ng Strength less than 4 poi nts begi nner 4- 9 poi nts ELO 800 - 1000 10 -19 poi nts ELO 1000 -1500 20 -29 points ELO 1500 - 1800 30 -39 poi nts ELO 1800 -2100 40 - 60 poi nts ELO 2100 - 2300 61- 70 poi nts ELO 2300 - 2400 71 -81 poi nts ELO above 2400 153

9 Improving Piece Position

There is a well-known saying: 'Ifone piece is Here's another example of Petrosian's bad, the whole position is bad.' While many positional art: amateurs try to attack with just a couple of pieces, more experienced players know that Tigran Petros ian - Alexey Suetin one should bring as many pieces as possible Riga 1958 154 into play. Moreover, strong players will try D a b c d e f h to maximise the effectiveness of their pieces by ensuring that they are well-coordinated, 8 8 as well as putting them on their most active 7 7 posts. The ability to bring pieces to their 6 6 best positions is the main weapon of the 5 5 positional player. 4 4 Tigran Petros ian - Robert Fischer 3 3 Portoroi 1958 2 2 153 D a b c d e f g h 8 8 a b c d e f g h 7 7 6 6 �-��.---==---·------· An incredibly strong manoeuvre. The 5 5 bishop no longer stares into space but will 4 4 move to c3 to exert pressure on the es pawn. 3 3 At the same time it protects the queenside 2 � ���·-- ;;;;.=-- � 2 pawns and attacks the pawn on as. After � 1 Ac3, E1.e1 and Cbg3-h5 the pawn on es will disappear. a b c d e f g h 28 . ... E1.fd8 29. Aq a4 30. E1-e1 E1.ac8 31. 34. Cbc2 1 E1-b71 E1-ds Fischer praised this regrouprng (the lf31 . ... f1.b8?, then 32. f1. xg7+ 't9xg7 33. kn ight is heading fo r a splendid square in Axes+ ±. the centre) and said that during the game he was impressed by Petrosian's ability to keep on improving his position. The alternatives were no better: 32. Ad7 33· E1.x h6!; or 32 . ... E1.e833· tLld6. 33· Cbd6 E1.ds 34·Cbf s ... and only Fischer's gritty defence allowed him to save the game. That's even stronger than 34· tlJxbs. 154 CHAPTER 9 IMPROVING PIECE POSITION

34· ... �h7 35. l'!b7 l'!8d736. l'!xd7 l'!xd7 27. ... .!!fs 28. qjd2Ads 37· qjxg7 �xg7 38. l'!xe5 �g6 39. l'!xb5 +- lf28 . ... :Bae8,then 29. qjf3 Ad8 30. :Bd2. and White won two pawns. In spite of 29. qjf3 the bishops of opposite colour, Petrosian won the game with ease. White concludes his manoeuvre. Black's * * * pieces (lL!b4 and Ah4) have been pushed For mere mortals, devising a plan like this is back and the knight supports the penetra· not easy. However, one idea might help: the tion of the major pieces. principle of the 'worst piece'. Look at your 29 . ... f6 30. .!!d2l Ae7 army. Find either the worst-placed piece or one that is unemployed, and try to im­ 30 . ... lL!bs 31. lLlgs!. prove its position. The effect ofsuch an ac­ 31. We6 1 .!!ad8 32 . .!!xd8 Axd8 tion is sometimes astonishing: the 'sleeping' piece can generate so much activity that it Or 32 . ... :Bxd8 33· lLJxes Wq 34· lr!1f7 + changes the balance of the position. 'i:9h8 35· Wxe7 'r!:Jxes+ 36. 'r!:Jxes fx es 37- :Bf6 +-. Anatoly Karpov- Boris Spassky 33· .!!d1 l qjbs34· Ac5 .!!h8 35· .!!xd81 Leningrad 1974 155 0 Black resigned because of35 . ... .!!xd8 36. Ae7 :Be837· Wxf6+ 'i:9h638. lL!h4 andWhit e WinS.

Alexander Beliavsky- Minsk 1979 • a b c d e f h 8 8

a b c d e f g h

24. qjb1 ! The knight had no purpose at c3 : Karpov wants to bring it into play on f3 . 24 . ... Wb7 25. c;;,h2! abcdefg h So as to control the g3 square. All Black's pieces stand well, apart fro m 25 . ... �g7 26. C3 qJa627. l'!e2! the bishop on b7. Time to bring it into play. Threatening 28. g3 Af6 29. :Bef2 :Bd6 30. 25 . ... !!aS ! Ag5 . 155

To activate the bishop, the rook has to 54· �xf4 Wh2+ 55· �e3 lLlf5+ 56. �e2 lZ:ld7 move offside fo r a moment, but the 'well­ permits counterplay) 53 . ... \!'ifxg5 54· \!'ifd6 rested' bishop comes into play with added (54· l2Jxd5?? f4 +) Black is in zugzwang: 54· energy. ... \!'ifh6+55· �g2 \!'ifg5+ 56. �f1 \!'1h457. lZ:lxd5 Axd5 58. Axd5+ �e8 59· \!'ifb8+ �d7 6o. e6+ 26. a4? l2Jxe6 61. \!'ifd 6+ �e8 62. Axe6 and White 26. Axe4 dxe4 + would have been better, wms; but Black still has a clear advantage. Worse was 52. ... \!'ife1+ 53· �h3 \!'iff1+ be­ cause of 54· Ag2 +-. 26 . ... Aa6 27. Wb3 AC4 -+ 53· �xd5l with a winning position. and Black had a decisive material advan­ tage. * * *

Ventzislav lnkiov -Jan Ambroz How can you improveyo ur positional play? One Baile Herculane 1982 method is to study the games ofstrong play­ 157 D ers. Yo u'll findthat many manoeuvres recur a b c d e f g h and these can be used in your own games. 8 � 8 Here, fo r example, is a rook lift-a common manoeuvre in the middlegame. 7 �· 7 6 .i.. I. 6 - Valery Chekhov 5 �·�·� 5 Vilnius 1980 4 � tt:J 4 • 3 ��� 3 8 8 2 'iiV 2 .1. 7 1.1. 6 6 a b c d e f g h � 5 I. .i.. 5 The bishop on e3 is White's worst-placed 4 tt:J � 4 piece (White's king is also passive, but no­ 3 �� �'i!V 3 body expects heroic deeds from His Majesty 2 2 in the middlegame!). White bri ngs the ��VJJI � <;b bishop to a3 to support the other pieces 1 � � in the attack. a b c d e f g h 51. Ac1 ! Black wants more than perpetual check, Idea Aa3. but the queen needs support. He employs a typical rook manoeuvre. 51 . ... Wb1 52. Aa3 Wb7 17. ... !!a6!! Now Black's position fa lls apart. 52 . ... Wg1+ would have been stronger, Black brings the rook into the attack via but after the powerful 53. �h3! (53· lLlg2 f4 + the sixth rank. CHAPTER 9 IMPROVING PIECE POSITION

Some rounds later, my fr iend Lev Psakhis also carried out this manoeuvre against me. The only move. 18. Axes loses to 18 . ... lLld4, and White cannot parry the threat of Lev Psakhis-Artur Yusupov i!h6. Vilnius 1980 159 0 18. ... \�hce4 19. !!g1 a b c d e f h 19. Axes lLld4 20. 1[:31hs l0f3+ 21. 'i!i>g3 8 !!g6+ 22. '&fxg6 hxg6 (22 . ... '&fxg6+ 23. 'i!;>xf3 7 '&'c6+ 24. 'i!i>g3 1[:31xcs + is also strong) 23. Axf8? 1(:31f4+ wouldn't have been any bet­ 6 6 ter. 5 19 . ... Wh4+ l 4 3 3 19 . ... Axe3 20. ttJxe3 l0d4 would not have been as good because of 21. gg4! oo. 20. c;;,g2 �d4 ! 21. cxd4 a b c d e f g h 21. tlJxes would not have changed mat­ ters: 21 . ... lt::l xb3 22. axb3 Axe3 23. fx e3 White wants to continue his develop­ 1[:31gs+ 24. hs.tLlg4 ment, but 12. b3? weakens the c3 square. 12. Ae3 is possible, but then what is to be 21 . ... exd4!22. Ags done with the rook on a1? Psakhis fi nds the If 22. Ad2, then 22 . ... !!g6+23. 'i!i>f1 '&'h3+ ideal solution. 24. 'i!i>e2 d3+ winning; And after 22. Ac1 12. l'!.a3 l Chekhov gives the fo llowing winning plan fo r Black: 22. ... gg6+ 23. 'i!i>f1 '&fh3+24. 'i!i>e2 The rook will finda great square on e3. d3+ 25. '&fxd3 '&fxd3+ 26. 'i!;>xd3 gxg1-+; if 12. ... �d7 13. l'!.e3 �des 14. g4 l Ae6 15. 22. '&'f3 dxe3 23. lt::lxe3 i!f6 24. gh1, then 24. f3 �f6 16. b3 h6 17. Wd4 Wq 18. .!!.d1 gadS ... '&'gs+ 25. '&'g3 Axe3 26. fx e3 '&'fs 27. !!af1 19. Ab2 ± '&'e4+ 28. i!f3 !!g6 and Black wins. White has developed his pieces well and 22 . ... Wxgs+ 23. c;;,f1 Wfs-+ has the bishop pair. He has a clear advan­ and Black has fo ur pawns fo r the piece tage. as well as a dangerous attack. The position But I learned something from this defe at. is won fo r Black. 157

Artur Yusupov - Gregor Mainka Artur Yusupov - Edvins Kengis Bundesliga 1993!94 Moscow 1983 160 D 161 D

a b c d e f h a b c d e f h 8 I 8 8 8 7 .l 7 7 6 .l 6 6 6 5 � 5 5 5 4 � 4 4 3 �� 3 3 3 2 � '!JJJI �� 2 2 2 1 � � �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

White prevents es-e4 and activates his Make way fo r the rook! rook in a similar way to the last example. 21. �a3 l �h8 22. �g3 l 19. �a4 ! Threatening 23. li:Jh6gh6 24. 15'hs. 19. �fe1 would have been weaker because 22 . ... �g8 of 19 . ... e4 with the idea Aes. 22 . ... Af8 would have been a mistake be- 19 . ... Acs cause of23. lLJxh6 gxh6 24. 15'g4 and wins; If 19 . ... e4, then simply 20. Axf6 15'xf6 Likewise 22. ... Aa6, due to 23. 15'e4. 21. �xe4 ±with advantage. 23. ttJc4Ads 20. g4 1 23 . ... Aa6? 24. 15'e4. An important push to gain control of e4 24. �h3 Af8 2S. b3 Axc4?l fo r the rook. A mistake in a difficult position. 20. ... �ads 21. gs tiJds22. �e4 tiJf4 ? 26. bxc4 dxes 27. Wxes 22 . ... li:Jxc3 23. bxc3 ± would have been better. Here Black resigned because of 27- ... f6 28. 15'xe6 15'xd4 29. 15'fs g6 30. 15'xf6+ 15'xf6 23. \'Mg4 g6 31. li:Jxf6+-. This loses immediately, but after 23 . ... 1-0. 15'd 6 24. g6 hxg6 25. �xf4 exf4 26. fxg6 +­ Black's position would also have been hope­ less. 24. �xes 1-o. CHAPTER 9 IMPROVING PIECE POSITION

E9-3 *

8

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Eg-2 * i1 E9-4 * IIl a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 • 8 8 ... I • 8 .t..l.l 7 7 .t. .i. .l.l.l7 6 ·� 6 6 �· ·� 6 5 5 5 .l .l 5 4 � 4 4 � 4 3 � � � � 3 3 �� � {jj 3 2 � � 2 2 � {jj 'fif� �� 2 � � � �� �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 159

E9-5 * rn E9-7 * 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E9-6 * 6 E9-8 ** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 .. 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h !60 CHAPTER 9 IMPROVING PIECE POSITION

E9-9 ** 11 E9-11 ** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 a • 8 8 a 8 7 'iVA 7 7 • ... n • 6 6 Jt£ 5 ·� 5 5 • � 4 4 � 4 3 + � 3 3 Jt 3 2 � � 2 2 ��� 2 n �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E9-10 ** rn E9-12 * 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 I 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 161

E9-13 ** [I] E 9-15 ** [I] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h .!. • 8 8 .l.t..l 7 7 6 ,.. 6 6 5 .. 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 /j, 3 2 2 2 1 �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E9-14 ** [I] E 9-16 ** [I] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 7 r-�,� 7 6 r .=• ....-=-- 6 5 1-·�. 5 4 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h I62 CHAPTER 9 IMPROVING PIECE POSITION

E9-17 ** rn E9-19 ** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 .1. 8 7 7 .i.. 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 �� 4 4 I. 3 � 3 3 3 2 �� tjj � fj,��2 2 ��

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

** Eg-20 **

a b c d e a b c d e 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 163

E9-21 *** 6 E9-23 *** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 .!. jV• 8 8 7 .l .l .l 7 7 7 6 � .ldt.l 6 6 5 .l 5 5 5 4 � 4 4 iL 4 3 � � 3 3 � �� � 3 2 � �� 2 2 �� � 2 1 :g WI �� tb :g:g

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E9-22 *** 6 E9-24 *** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 164 CHAPTER 9 IMPROVING PIECE POSITION

E9-25 *** rn E9-27 *** 11 a b c d e a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 .I • 8 7 7 .1. .t.t.t7 6 6 .t .t.. � 6 5 5 5 ... .t 5 4 4 4 � 4 3 Jflj� 3 �{[j� 3 2 � 2 2 ��� � � 2 {[j ��

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Eg-26 ** 11 Eg-28 *** 11 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 165

E9-29 **** [1] E9-31 ***** fJ a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 .!. • 8 8 8 7 I. .*- .t. 7 7 • 7 6 �.t.ttJ.t. 6 6 6 5 • �� 5 5 5 4 ·� 4 4 4 3 � 3 3 3 2 �� ��iL 2 2 2 1 :a: :a: 1

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E9-30 ***** fJ E9-32 ****** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 .1...... 8 8 . .. .1. 8 7 ...... 7 7 .t..t.• 7 6 � � 6 6 I. �·· • 6 5 5 5 • � 5 4 .i. ·� 4 4 �� 4 3 � � �ttJ3 3 �{D iLiL 3 2 �iL�ttJ � 2 2 �� � 2 1 :a: 'i¥� :a: 1 � :a: 1 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h !66 SOLUTIONS Eg-I TO Eg-IO

Solutions

0 E9-1 0 E9-6 Vulfson - Yu supov, Moscow1976 Glienke - Yu supov, Plovdiv 1983 21. ... hs�! 2.1. ... .l3.a7 ! [6ITa7-f7] :z.:z.. �hi [22. Wxe6 Black missed the chance to improve the position 1Lxe3+ 23. �h1 iLea 24. Wd6 cxd4 +] 2.2... . . of his bishop. 22. c#;>g2g6 23. h4 1Lh6+. .l3.af7 2.3. .l3.agl (23. Wxe6 iLea 24. Wd6 Wxd6 This was the correct continuation: 25. exd6 Jlxe3 +] 2.3 . ... We7 + [6L1f2] 2.4.

:u • ••• Wa7 +! u. �g:z. Ae3 2.3. We:z. Ad4 :z.4. Wg3 �! cxd4 ! :z.s. cxd4 Wb4 :z.6. Ab1 Afi ! (26 . .l3.afi �cs :z.s. �xes Wxcs + 6ITaa-ba-b4. .. . Wxb2 27. CLJe4 oo] 2.7. �xfi .l3.xfi :z.8. Wh4

.l3.xgi+ 2.9• .l3.xgi Wxb:z. -+ 30. e4 (30. We7 D E9-2 Wf2 31. '8'xe6 '8ff3+ 32 . .l"i:g2 �xe3 -+] 30 . ... Vaganian - Yu supov, Ye revan (zt) 1982 Wxd4 31. Wg4 Wxes 32.. exds exds 33· Wh3 Black brings his worst piece, the knight on g6, d4 0-1. into play.

:z.8• ••• �f8! [6CLJe6-cs] 2.9. Wb4 (29. e4 ltJe7 0 E9-7

30. cs bs 31. es iLds00 l 2.9. •.• �e6 = 30. Ae4 Groszpeter - Kupreichik, Minsk 1982

Wd6 31. Ac:z. �cs (31. ... Wd 2� 32. Wb1 h6 33· 2.1. ... .l3.a6 ! [6ITg6] 2.2.• .l3.fdl .l3.g6 2.3. Wez fs ct:Jcs34· P:d,+-] 32.·Wb1 h6 33· .l3.di We7 Ad6 ! [6Wes] 2.4. Ac4 We s :z.s.g3 f4 :z.6. exf4

1/2-%. Wxf4- (6e3, 61Lcs] 2.7• .l3.xd6 Wxd6 :z.S. Wxe4 Wcs -+. D E9-3 Yu supov - Martini, Chicago 1983 0 E9-8 I4· �df) ! [l:.lLJes] I4 . ... h6 IS· �es! hxgs Kasparov - Yu supov, Leningrad 1977 I6. fx gs .l3.c7(16 . ... CLJ6d7� 17. l2Jxf7 Wc7 1a. 17 . ... Wc8 ! 18. Wg3 �e7! Standard regroup­ 'i:ifhs+-; 16. ... CLJe4�'7 · ct:Jxf] 'i:ifc7 ,a. 'i:ifhs�f 6 ing. The knight goes ro g6 to defend the kingsidc 19. g6 ct:Jxg6 20. CLJh6+gxh 6 21. '8'xg6+ +-] I7. and to control the central square es. 19. �es (19. gxf6 Axf6 18• .l3.f:z. ±. 1Lxh6�� ct:Jfs -+ ]19 . ... Axes :z.o• .l3.xes �g6 = %-%. D E9-4 Yu supov - Hulak, Indonesia 1983 0 E9-9 I6. �gs ! A typical manoeuvre. The idea is Vilela - Yu supov, Cienfuegos 1979 68de4 or ct:Jge4. 16 .... g6 (16.. .. h6 17. ct:Jge4;!;;] 2.7. ... �cs!-+ [6ct:Jd3; 27. ... R:d6 2a. ITxd6 17. f4 ! ds I8. W6 d4 19. Wh3 -. cxd6 +] :z.8. dxcs [2a. ITg6 ct:Jxa4 -+; 2a . .l"i:es CLJd3 -+] :z.8. ... .l3.xdl 2.9. We4�! (29. ITxh6+ D E9-5 gxh6 30. Wxd1 Wfs -+] :z.9. ... Wxhs [6Wh1#] Yu supov - Slutzky, Moscow 1983 0-1.

:z.8. �as ! [ 6 CLJc6] :z.8. • •• �b6 2.9. We:z. Ad4

30. cxbs �a4 3I • .l3.bci �C3 32.. Wei �f6 33· 0 E9-10 �c6 +- Axc6 34· dxc6 �a4 3S· .l3.fs �h7 36. Yu supov - Spasov, Skara 1980 Wd:z. .l3.c7 37· .l3.cfi �e8 38. Ac4 �g7 39· .l3.f6 :z.o. �e1 ! I-0, White wants to bring his knight to b4 or f4 ro exchange Black's strong knight. SOLUTIONS E9-II TO E9·18

20• ••• 1"!b7 2I. eDd3 as 22. a3�! [22. .§c6!� a4 'i!;>g8 28. �g7#]

23. �d1 ± would have been better.] 22• ••• a4 23. 2I. Wh3 Wa2 Wd7 24. eDf4 ;1;; [24. ctJb4 I'Llb6! L.ctJc4] [L.22. g4!]

I-0. 2I• ..• fs [2r. ... P:d6 22. g4 ! Hcd8 (22 . ... .§ds 23. Axg6 0 E9-11 L. 24. gxhs +-) 23. gxhs .§xd3 24 . .§xd3 Hxd3 Yu supov - Tukmakov, Ye revan (zt) 1982 25. hxg6 fxg6 26. �h8+ 'l!;>f727. I'Lles+ +-]

33· ACl4! +- [L.�c2] 33· ••• Af4 34· Ac2 We6 22. Ac4 1"!xd1+23. 1"!xdi�f 7 24. e4! 3S· Ah4!� �g7 36. g3 Ah6 37· Ae7! I-o. [24. Her]

24• ••• Wf4 2s. 1"!e1 Wg4 26. exfs Wxc4 27. 0 E9-12 fx g6+ �eS Yu supov - Adorjan, To luca (izt) 1982 [27. ... 'l!;>xg6 28. f-(xe6+ 'i!;>f7 29 . .§xc6 +-]

I4• ••• CDb8 ! [L.I'Llc6-b4] Is. 1"!di CDc6 I6. 1"!bi 28. g7! es 29. Wxhs+ �d7 3o. 1"!d1+ Ad6

[16. ds� exds 17. exds I'Llb4 <±] I6 •••• CDb4[16 .. .. 3I. Axes CDd4 32.. CDxd4 I-o. l2Jxd4� 17. l2Jxd4 �xd4 18. l.Lc2�cs 19. �e3 ±] I7. Aa3 as!� [17. ... I'Llxd3 18. Hxd3 Axa3 19. 0 E9-16 .!ha3 bs! = (Adorjan)] I8. Abs 1"!c8 �. Taimanov - Botvinnik, Moscow1952

zs. Aci !! [L.�a3, xg6] zs • ••• 1"!fs z6. Aa3 0 E9-13 1"!aes 27. Wg3 - gs [27. ... 'i!;>h7 28. hs!+-] Beliavsky - Yu supov, Moscow1983 zs. Axe7 1"!xe7 2.9. 1"!xfs 1"!xfs 30. Axfs CDf4

20. CDbi ! [ L.l2Jbd2-bJ,x c6 J 20 •••• 1"!acS�! [ o 20. [30 . ... gxh4 31. �xh4 +-] 3I. Wxgs +- 1"!xes ... .§ec8 21. l':la2�d6 22. .!hc2as 23. l2Jbd2 J4 ;!; p. dxes Wxdi+ 33· �h2 Wd2 [33- ... ctJe2 (Beliavsky)] 2I. 1"!a2! [21. I'Llbd2 cs! 22. dxcs 34· �e6+ 'i!;>fs 35· �fs + 'l!;>e736. �f7+ 'i!;>d837 ·

El.xcs =] 2I • ••• CDh4 22. CDxh4 Wxh4 23. �f8+ 'l!;>c7 38. Wc8#] 34· Ae6+ �h7 [34· ... CDd2 ±. 'i!;>f8 35· �fs + 'l!;>e7 36. �f7 + i;>d8 37· �f8 + 'l!;>q 38. �c8#] 3S· Axc4 g6 36. Ae6! Black resigned 0 E9-14 due to: 36. s1e6 �e3 37· �e7+ 'i!;>h6 38. �f8+ Baturin - Yu supov, Riga 1984 'i!;>h7 39· �g8+ 'i!;>h6 40. �h8#. I-0.

33· ••• Ac2! [L.�e4] 34. 1"!ei Ae4 3s. 1"!e3 fs 36. Wgs Wf7 37· Wh4 1"!d1+ 3S. �h2 1"!d2 -+ 39· 0 E9-17 �gi �h7 40. 1"!g3g6 4I. 1"!gs C342. Aei Ac6 Taimanov - Flohr, Leningrad 1948 43· 1"!g3 Wes 44· �h2 Wxei o-I. I6. CDbi ! [L.ctJc3-bs; 16. ctJe4�fs 17. ctJq f4 ! 18. Axf4 cxd4 19 . .§xd4 es 20. fre4 fs 21. l"rq l.Lcs

0 E9-15 (Taimanov)] I6 • ••• 1"!hg8 [16. ... fs 17. g3] I7. Petrosian - Smyslov, Moscow1961 g3 cxd4 [017. ... hs L.r8. h4 fs (Taimanov)] IS. IS. Wa4 ! Axd4 Acs I9. CDqAxd 4 zo. 1"!xd4 CDes u. White brings the queen into the attack. 1"!cdi 1"!xd4 u. 1"!xd4 ± [L.ctJe4].

IS • .•• 1"!fds [18. ... g6 19. �e4! (19. �g4!�; 19. h4!�)] 0 E9-18 I9. We4 g6 20. Wg4 hs Jansa - Campora, Bor 1983 [20. ... 'i!fh7� 21. �xg6+ fxg6 22. �xe6 Hf8 I7. CDh4 ! [L.h3-g4 ; x�g4 ; 17. ds cxds rs. Axf6

23. Hd7 .§ce8 (23 . ... El.c7 24. I'Lles +-) 24. I'Llgs+ gxf6 19. cxds Axa3 oo;17 . I'Lles �fs ;!;) I7• ••• hxgs 25. �h3+ 'i!fgs 26. �h8+ 'l!;>f7 27. �f6+ Ahs IS. h3 gs [18. ... I'Lld7 19. g4 l.Le7 20. f4 I6S SOLUTIONS E9-19 TO E9-27

Axh4 2I. \Sixh4slg6 22. �aei ± 6ds] I9. �f3 a4 �es zi. Ad3 �ds u. hs .E!.hs z3. Wgz �c7 [I9. ds sle7 (I9. ... gxh4 20. slxf6 hxg3 21. z4. hxg6 We6 zs. �ez Wxg6 +. Jlxds gxf2+ 22. \Sixh �xds 23. dxe6 1Lcs 24. e7 Jlxe7 55)20. dxe6 gxh4 21. Jlxf6 Qxf6 22. 0 E9-23 e7 Axe7 23. 1dxe7 hxg3 24. fxg3 ldeS;!;) I9 . ... Ta imanov - Yusupov, Moscow1980

�d7 zo. h4 Wp zi. hxgs hxgs u. Aq ! [6ds; z3 . ••• �h4! [6GLJe8, �ha6 --->] z4 • .E!.g3(2 4. f4 6Qas) zz . ... a4 Z3• ds es Z4• dxc6 hxc6 ZS• e4 +] 24• •.• �e8 2S· e4 d4 z6. f4 .E!.ha6-+ 2.7. h4 f6 z6. �dz �ac8 z7. cs ±. fx es .E!.ai z8 • .E!.xf7+(28. \31f2 .El.Sa2+ 29. 't!?c i \Sia3+ 30. 't!?d2 l=l.xcH!-+J z8. ... Wxf,z9. 0 E9-19 Afs We7 o-I. Malaniuk - Ivanov, Kostroma 1985 zo. �hi ! [6GLJa3-bs] zo . •.• �e8 ZI. �a3 fs 0 E9-24 [6f4] zz. hxgs hxgs z3. Wdz Ac6 [23 . ... \31f6 Gligoric - Yu supov, Vr bas 1980 24. �hs f4 2s. exf4 gxf4 26. Jlh4! ±] z4. �hs zs . ... Wh4! (6GLJe7-fs] z9• .E!.fz �e7! 30. a3 �hs zs. �xhs �xhs z6. o-o-o �g7 z7. �hs Wcs 3I • .E!.dz�fs 32· Wh3 g4 -+ 33· Whs and �df6 z8. Whz [6dxcs] z8 • ••• a3 z9. Wh3! here, instead of 33· ... �hs (), Black ( 6 30. dx CS dx CS 31. GLJc7 GLJc7 32. \3fb6] Z9• • • • could have won after 33· ... gxf3 34· \31e8+ 't!?C? Axhs 30. cxhs ds 3I. dxcs Wxcs [31. ... bxcs 3S· '!;3!d8+ 't!?c6 36. �ed1 (36. gxf3 �d4) 36 . ... 32 . .i':Xxds! +-] 3z. Aes! +- �g6 33· �hi We7 fx g2+ 37· �xg2 \Sie7 (37· ... \Sixes -+) 3S. �d6+ 34· Ad4 We6 3S· c4! �c7 36. �ci Wd6 37· \31xd6!39· exd6 �fi + 40. �g1 't!?cs#. cxds �cxds 38. �c6 Wds 39· Ac4 �h7 40. Axds �xds 4I. Wd i! I-o. 0 E9-25 Csom - Yu supov, Luzern (ol) 1982 0 E9-20 ZI. �gJ ! ( 6 GLJf3, g4) ZI ... , gs ( 21. ... ./':Xf7 22. van der Wiel - Day, Grand Manan 1984 lLJfJ J'tef8 23. g4 +-] zz. �f3 .E!.f7 Z3. g4 �h4+ I. Wa4 ! [6\31c6, xc7 :!:1. c4 lLJf6; :!:I. Ah4 ./':Xes z4. �xh4 gxh4 zs. f)!.E!.ef 8 2.6. Ah4 ! We6 z7. 61Ld7] I • ..• as ( c::::>I. ... a6] 2..Wc6 ± Wd7 (2. ... Aei ± (xh4]. 1dd7?3· .El.xe6 +-] 3· Axds Wxds 4· Wxds [:!:4· \Sixq�d7 ! S· \31xb6 J'l.b76. Wxas �xb2 ±] 4· 0 E9-26 •.• �xds S· Axc7 +-. Yusupov - Tseshkovsky, Minsk 1982 I3 . ... �hs! [6c6, lLJd7] I4. Wh3 [I4. b4 c6 Is. 0 E9-21 GLJc3e4 +] I4. ... .E!.a7+ IS· e4� [Is. �d2!?) IS· Yu supov - Rasin, Moscow1976 ... f4 ! I6. gxf4 Axds I7. cxds exf4 + IS. 6 D 22 . ... \31d6?! Wf6 I9. Adz Wd4+ 20. �hi �d7 o-I. Instead, Black could have equalised with u . ••• �hs ! z3. �xfi�d7 =, displacing White's 0 E9-27 bishop from its strong position on f6 . Seirawan - Yusupov, Istanbul (ol) 2000 23. 't!?xfi es? 24. dxes lLJxes 2S. \Sff4 ./':Xes 26. zo . ... �fs ! [6ctJd7-b6-c4]zi. �h3 Wa3 zz. ldei Wa6+ 27. c4! +- I-o. Wei (22. 1LlcsJlxc s +] u . ... �d7 23 • .E!.cz Was ! Z4· �ei ! �h6 zs. �d3 �c4 + (xa2, �e). 0 E9-22 Va i:sser - Yu supov, Novosibirsk 1976 I9· ..• �f7! Black brings his king to safety. zo. SOLUTIONS E9-28 TO E9-32

0 E9-28 �xbz -+ o-1. Beliavsky - Yusupov, Dortmund 1998 40 . ... A6+! 0 E9-31 The bishop is on its way to its ideal square c4, Durie - Yu supov, 1984 from where it supports the advanced f-pawn. It 36 . ... l:!.es! + [t-.tL:le4, l'!h8-h2]37· !!xds [37· would have been worse to play 40. ... !ld2 41. gb7+ 'i&gs ! (37· ... 'it>f6? 38. 1'lb6) 38. �h6 tt:Jf5 tLlb1 �d8 42. 'i&c3 + and White still can defend. 39· Ag5 gas + (Dvoretsky)] 37· ... ti:)e43S. Ae1 4•· g7 -+ ] 43· 43· Ah4 l:!.bi+ 44· fi 11hs.]o-1. Yu supov - Chekhov, Vilnius 1980 n. !!hs! ± [t-.�g5, l'!h1-h4-g4] 2.2.. ... COa4 0 E9-32 [22 . ... t:Llcs 23. t:Lle4 .0. t:Llc5± ] 2.3. �gs! �xbz Beliavsky - Cabrilo, Lvov 1981 2.4. Axds [ 24. l'lh1!? t-.l'lh4-g4 _.]2.4 . ... cxds 3•· Ag•!! [24 . ... exd5 25. f4 ±] zs. !!h1 as [25. ... l'!fs 26. [t-.32. lf:ih .B:hs 33·Wb6] �h4 +-] z6. !!h6! +- !!a7 2.7.!!hg6 Ac6 2.S. White controls the ,but his major pieces !!xe6 C3 [28. ... b4 29. t:Llc8 1'lq 3o. l:hc6 +-] should be positioned the other way round, with 2.9. COfs Aas 30. !!eg6 COc431. !!xg7+ !!xg7 the rook in front. White begins an ingenious re­ 32.. !!xp+

Score table

NQ Poi nts You r Points NQ Poi nts Your Po ints NQ Points Your Points

1 1 12 2 23 3

2 1 13 2 24 3

3 1 14 2 25 3

4 1 15 2 26 3

5 1 16 2 27 3

6 1 17 2 28 3

7 1 18 2 29 4

8 2 19 2 30 5

9 2 20 2 31 5

10 2 21 3 32 6

11 2 22 3

total 77

Points Pl ayi ng St rength less than 4 poi nts begi nner 4- 9 poi nts ELO 800 - 1000 10 -19 poi nts ELO 1000 - 1500 20 -29 poi nts ELO 1500 - 1800 30 -39 poi nts ELO 1800 -2100 40 -49 points ELO 2100 - 2200 50 -59 poi nts ELO 2200 - 2 300 60 -70 poi nts ELO 2300 - 2400 71 -77 poi nts ELO above 2400 171

10 Tr apping a Piece

'A piece limited in its action and isolated knight captures the pawn it will be caught fr om the rest of its army is in danger of get­ again by the bishop. ting trapped.' (Kotov) 62. Ad3 ! A knight on the rim isn't just 'dim' - it can also fa ll prey to enemy threats. Black resigned because of 62 . ... lO)(h4 63. Ae4 +-, and the knight is trapped again. Artur Yusupov - Wolfgang Uhlmann * * * Austria 1997 162 D But even more mobile pieces like the bishop a b c d e f g h can be vulnerable. 8 8 7 • 7 Endre Steiner-jose Capablanca 6 1929 5 � • 5 1. e4 es 2. Cbf3 Cbc6 3· Abs a6 4· Aa4 4 � 4 d6 5· d4 bs 6. Ab3 Cb)(d4 7· Cb)(d4 e)(d4 8. 3 � � 3 W)(d4? 2 � 2 •

a b c d e f g h

ss. Ads +- 6 A well-known motif: the bishop com­ 5 5 pletely dominates the knight. 4 4 55· ... �d7 3 3 2 The pawn ending after 55 . ... l0c6 IS ��� clearly lost fo r Black. 1:[1

a b c d e f h s6. �e4 �e7 57· �fs hs s8. h4 C4 g Black is in zugzwang and has to sacrifice This hackneyed trap is known as 'The the c-pawn to fr ee the knight. If 58 . ...

a b c d e f h 29. gxb4 Axb4 30. dxes fx es 31. �h1 8 8 Ae7! and the a-pawn decides the game. White's pieces on the kingside remain iso­ 7 7 lated. 6 6 29 . ... gxd4 0-1. 5 5 4 ib 4 A beautiful and fitting game fo r our theme. 3 £::, 3 2 £::, £::, £::, 2 * * * 1 � 'if Even a rook can get trapped. They are espe­ a b c d e f h g cially vulnerable when still on their starting squares. 10 . ... g5l 11. ti3xf6+ Rustam Kasimdzhanov - Garry Kasparov 11. l2Jxg5 is poor due to 11 . ... llJxds!12. Bat'umi (rapid) 2001 '81h5hxg s 13. Axgs l2Jf4 14. '81h6Ae7 -+. D 11 . ... 1Afxf6 12. Ag3 Ag4 13. h3 Axf3 14. 1Afxf3 1Afxf3 15. gxf3 + 'In effect, White is playing a piece down. The bishop on g3 is caged in, and can only be freed after a pawn sacrifice (Ah2, f4 and after exf4 White plays f3 , �g2 fo l­ lowed by Ag1) but this costs time and ma­ terial. The correct way fo r Black to realise his positional advantage is easy: attack on the queenside, where after an appropriate breakthrough and the opening of the Aank, a b c d e f h Black will be a piece (Ad6) up.' (Donev) g 173

This was a rapid-play game and neither victory, Ponomariov lost his way in time player wished to lose much time in the open­ trouble and fa iled to secure the win. ing. Both castled quickly. * * * 10. o-o? o-o? Even the most active and mobile piece, the At this moment the players started laugh­ queen, is often trapped. ing as they noticed that Black could have won the game immediately with 10 . ... Aes. Artur Yusupov-Aiexei Shirov However, this act of mercy did not help Moscow 1992 Kasimdzhanov: Kasparov played as well as 167 D ever, and he went on to win the game. Even a b c d e f g h the strongest players sometimes overlook 8 8 simple tactics. 7 7

In the next example, from a tie-break game 6 6 in the European championship fi nal, the fu ­ 5 5 ture FIDE World Champion fa iled to seize 4 4 the moment. 3 3 2 - 2 European Championship, Ohrid 2001

166 D a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 16. b3 exds? 7 7 Of course, Shirov had seen that his 6 ···�· 6 queen had no retreat, but he only expected 5 • �· 5 17. tt:la4. It would have been better to play 4 � � � 4 16 . ... tt:lbd717- CLlf3±. 3 tZJ � 3 17. Ctlb1 l 2 2 White wins the queen, but denies Black any compensation. 17. tt:la4 '8fxd2+ 18.

a b c d e f g h '8fxd2t2Jxe 4&i. 17 . ... li;rxd2+ 18. ttlxd2 +- 1-0. 37· �C4

The correct move was 37- Ae1! bs 38. Aa3 * * * bxa4 39· Ab4 and the rook is trapped. Sometimes the queen gets into trouble 37· ... �cs+ 38. �b4 bs 39· axbs+ axbs when chasing pieces deep in the enemy 40. h4 �C4+ 41. �b3 Y2 -Y2. camp. A well-known case is the poisoned and although White is still on the road to pawn on b2 or b7. But all tactical opera- I74 CHAPTER 10 TRAPPING A PIECE tions with the queen must be calculated Evgeny Vladimirov - Garry Kasparov carefully: she is too valuable to be treated Bat'umi (rapid) 2001 • casually. a b c d e f g h Buts - Fauskas 8 .!. � ... 8 London 1940 7 A..i.'ir ••• 7 'r- 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3· tLlq Ab4 4· e5 c5 5· 6 • ·� 6 - _L ,- a3 A)(q+6. b)(qWq 7· tLlf3 tLlc6 8. Ad3 5 5 - c)(d4?9· c)(d4 4 4 �� - - , 168 • 3 � tt:J 3 2 �� Vill ��� 2 8 8 1 1;i 1;i � 7 7 a b c d e f g h 6 6 5 5 13 . ... A)(f3! 14. W)(f3?! !--....-·-- �� 4 4 14. gxf3 may have been better, but no 3 one likes to weaken their own king. 2 14. ... W)(C4! 15. W)(a8 tLlc6 16. Wb7 tbd5

a b c d e f g h For the exchange, Black has achieved the perfect blockade with the knights. More­ over, White's queen is offside and there is no way back. Black sees the chance to win a pawn, but 17. ,ge1�b8 18. Wd7 ,gd819. Wb7 h5 + he did not calculate fa r enough. Of course, Kasparov plays fo r a win. 10. ttJ)(d4 Wq+ 11. Wd2 ! 20. Ac1 ? Black was only expecting 11. Ad2 18'xd4+. The losing move in an already difficult 11. ... W)(a1 position. 20. ;gab1wo uld have been better. If11 . ... Wxd4, then 12. Abs+ +-. 20 . ... tba5 ! 12. C3 +- 1-0. The hunter becomes the hunted. Kas­ There is no defe nce to lUb3, trapping the parov finds a way to win the queen by fo rce. queen. 21. W)(a7 Wc6 (;gas was threatened .) 22. * * * Wa6 etJC423. ,gb1 tbqo-1 . In the next - brilliant - game, the world Wh ite can still save the queen by sacrific­ no. 1's enti re strategy is based on the poor ing a rook, 22. ;gb6, but he cannot save the position of his opponent's queen. game. EXERCISES 175 � Exercises (solut;ons p. 183-185)

• E10-1 * rn E10-3 * a b c d e f g h 8 8

7

6

5 5

4 4

3 3

2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1o-2 * rn E10-4 * rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f 8 8 8 8

7 7

6 6 6 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3

2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 176 CHAPTER 10 TRAPPING A PIECE

E1o-s * rn E 10-7 ** [1] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E1o-6 ** rn E 10-8 * rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Evaluate the move 1. ltJd3 EXERCISES 177

E10-9 ** E 10-11 ** rn a b c d e a b c d e 8 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 4 .I 4 3 3 3 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E 10-10 ** rn E 10-12 *** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h I78 CHAPTER 10 TRAPPING A PIECE

E 10-13 *** rn E 10-15 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

8 8 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E 10-14 *** rn E 10-16 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

8 8 7 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 � 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 � 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 179

E 10-17 *** [l] E 10-19 *** [l] a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 .I .a .a• 8 8 7 .l�� .l .l 7 7 6 .l ll .l 6 6 5 .l .l II 5 5 4 � �· 4 4 4 3 .. � 3 2 tD iL��� 2 2 :a: 'iV :a:�

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E 10-18 *** [l] E 10-20 *** 6 a b c d e a b c d e f g h 8 .!. 8 8 .!. 8 7 .l ll 7 7 6 II .l 6 6 5 .l ·� 5 5 4 � � 4 4 3 �-iL � 3 3 2 iL� 2 2 tt:JVW:Jd �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 180 CHAPTER 10 TRAPPING A PIECE

E 10-21 *** 11 E 10-23 *** a b c d e 8 it' 8 7 6 6 5 5 4 3 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E 10-22 *** rn E 10-24 *** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e 8 .. 8 8 Xl:t 8 7 7 7 • 7 6 ��� 6 5 5 5 � 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2

1 l:t

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h EXERCISES 181

E 10-25 **** rn E 10-27 **** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 ..i.. I 8 7 7 7 ... 4i • 7 6 6 6 ...... 6 5 5 � ld 5 4 ..t.. • 4 4 � � 4 3 • 3 3 �� �?Li � 3 2 �� 2 2 � 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Evaluate the move 1. tt:Jxfs

E 10-26 **** rn E 10-28 **** 11 a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 � 4 3 � � 3 3 3 2 �� � � 2 2

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

Evaluate the move 1 . ... lLlcs 182 CHAPTER 10 TRAPPING A PIECE

E 10-29 **** rn E 10-31 ***** rn a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h • .. 8 8 4&\ a �.. 8 7 4&\A"" 7 7 ..i. A 4&\ A 7 • 6 6 • • • A ..t.. 6 5 ·� 5 5 " � 5 4 ..t.. � 4 4 � CD 4 3 CD iL 3 3 iL CD� 3 2 ��� � �� 2 2 � � �iL�2 1 � ][, � :a: 1 :a: :a: � a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h

E10-30 **** rn E 10-32 ***** 6 a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h 8 8 8 I. •• • 8 7 7 7 A..i.A ..t.AAA 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 Ail, 5 4 CD� 4 4 �4&\ 4 3 3 3 �CD CD� 3 2 • 2 2 � � ��iL�2 1 a iL 1 :a: :a: �

a b c d e f g h a b c d e f g h SOLUTIONS EIO-I TO EI0-14

Solutions

0 E1o-1 0 E10-7 Yu supov - Romanishin, Ye revan (zt) 1982 Alekhine - Rubinstein, San Remo 1931 3S· �e8 ! Ags 36. h4 +- Axh4 37· gxh4 'i!;>hs r. tlJxds!+- [r. tLlxds cxds 2. i&c7 +-] r-o. 38. �e4 fs 39· etJf6+ c;;,h6 40. �c4 �ab3 41. �4XCS I-0. 0 E10-8 Klarenbeek - Yu supov, Apeldoorn 2000 0 E1o-2 37· etJd3� was poor. AfterAxa 4 38. etJcs Ad7 Yusupov - Sokolov, Tilburg 1987 39· etJh7+ 'i!;>c7-+ White resigned because of 39· �dr ! [6't!?fz-e3-d4] 1-o. 40. tLlxas lia4-+ , fo llowed by 't!?b6.o-r.

0 E10-3 0 E10-9 Smyslov - To lush, Moscow 1961 Yu supov - Kasparov, Riga 1995 17. Abs! +- (17. i&bs�ds rs. �xe7 +-] r-o. 36 . ... Wb7! 37· £6 �as [3S. es D �xfJ+ 39· h7 [29. !1xb7 t'l.f3 30. i&g2 t!xc3 31. i&xc6 gave 39· Afs+ 'i!;>gs 40. 'i!;>g2+- [6lif6, lier] r-o.

Black more chances.] 29 • .•• b4 [ 29 . ... lies 30. t!as +-] 30. �xb7 bxq (30 . ... b3 31. �Jr ! +-] 0 E10-12 31. �b4 +- �d6 32. �xc4 c2 33· �xc2 �xd4 34· Bilek - Smyslov, Polanica-Zdroj 1968 Axc6 hs 3S· A6 �d7 36. �b2 c;;,g7 37· 'i!;>£2 36 . ... �c7! [6l"Kb6] 37· as �bs 38. �ar �bcs �d6 38. �b7 �d2+ 39· Ae2 �d6 40. Ac4 �f6+ [6.i::Xsc6] o-r. 41. 'i!;>e3 'i!;>fs 42..h3 'i!;>g7 43· g4 hxg4 44· hxg4 'i!;>fs 4S· �c7 'i!;>g7 46. 'i!;>e4 �f2 47· gs! White 0 E10-13 prepares to transpose into a winning king and Laurent - Lund-Jensen, Denmark 1937 pawn endgame. 47· ... �fs 48. �xf7+ �xf?49· r. Ags! Ax6 2. Wd 2! Wxd4 3· Axh7+ ! 'i!;>xh7 Axf? 'i!;>xf?so. 'i!;>ds! +- r-o. 4· Wxd4 +- r-o.

0 E1o-6 0 E10-14 Gutman - Gaidarov, SSSR 1978 Fischer - Reshevsky, New Yo rk 1958 r. es! [r. es dxes (r. . . . lLld7 2. exd6 +-) 2. ro. Axf?+!'i!;>xf? [ro . ... t!xf7 II. tLle6! +-] n. lies +-] r-o. etJe6! dxe6 [rr. ...

0 E10-15 0 E1o-2o Botvinnik - Stepanov, Leningrad 19.30 Arbakov - Yusupov, Moscow1981 I. Axf7+! �xf7 z. ttlc4+- I-o. 17 . ... ttlgs! 18. We3 [18. \?ifxf6� ke7 -+; 018. \?ifg2+] 18 . ... ttlh3+ 19. �gz ttlg4 zo. Wez 0 E1o-16 ttlgxfz 2.1.�f1 dxe4 zz. �xfz exd3 2.3. Axd3 Yu supov - Sax,Vr bas 1980 Axd3 2.4. Wxd3 ttlxfz zs. �xfz �ads + 2.6. I4. Aci ! Was (14. ... Wa4 1;. lhc8 +-] IS. Adz Wez fs 2.7. ttlc4Afs z8. Ac1 axb4 2.9. cxb4 Wb6 (15. ... Wa3 16. Z!qWxa2 17. gc4 +- Wb2 bs 30. ttlas Ag7 JI. Ags �d6 32.. �g1 Wf7 33· 18. Z!b3] I6. �bz +- (L'>16 . ... as 17. a3] I-o. Ae3 �ed8 34· �c• f4 3S· 1Hz Wd7 + o-1.

0 E10-17 0 E10-21 Yu supov - Pirrot, Bundesliga 1994/95 Karaklajii: - Bely, Budapest 1957 zo. Wei ( L'>Tid I -d3. Correct was 20. ii.g3!! +­ •· ... Wcs! (L'>2. Wxe7�? f6 !, 3· ... Z!f7 -+ ]. l'>[J, ii.e1 with a winning position; 20. f3 Z!xeJ oo.] zo . ... b6 ZI. f3 Aa3!� [21. ... Z!e8 22. 0 E10-22 Ag3 Aa3 23. \?ifd1 Ab2! oo ] zz. Wd1 (n. ct:Jxa3 Petrosian - Matanovii:, Skopje 1969

@XCI 2). f!fx c1 gXCJ <=tj2.2. . ... �Xe3 2.3.ttlxe 3 z6. Wez! (26. \?ifhs ct:Jd2] z6• ... ttlas (26. ... Wxe3+ 2.4. �hi £b4 � 1-o. ctJd6 27. Axd6 cxd6 28. g3 \?iff; 29. ct:Jxd6 +-] 2.7. @hs! +- (f'>g3] 1-0, 0 E1o-18 Yu supov - Zapata, SaintJohn 1988 0 E10-23 2.8. ttlaz! Wbz 2.9. �ez Wa3 30. Ae3 (30. ctJc3! Botvinnik - Spielmann, Moscow1935 would have been simpler: 30. ... ct:Jhs31. ct:Jbs 9· ttla4 ! Wxaz 10. Ac4 ! Ag4 n. ttl6 Ax6 12.. Wa1 32. \?ifxa1 Axa1 33· g3 +-] 30 . ... �e8 31. gx6 (12. gx[J \?ifa3 (12. ... ctJc2+ 13. \?ifxc2 +-) Aci Z!xez 32..Axa 3 �xaz 33· Wbi!� �xa3 34· IJ. ftc3+-) 1-0, Wbz tbxds 3S· Wxa3 ttlxf4 36. Afi Ad4+ 37· �hi ttlh; 38. g4 ttlg3+ 39· �gz tbxf1�! 0 E10-24 (039. ... ii.es±] 40. �xfi fxg4 41. hxg4 +­ Mikhail Kliatskin, 192.4 hs 42.. gxhs gxhs 43· Waz �f7 44· Wgz ttld7 I, C7 ! �XC7 2., axb6+ �Xb8 3• b7 +- I-0. 4S· Wxb7 �e7 46. We4+ I-o. 0 E10-25 0 E10-19 Leonid Kubbel, 1934 Kasparov - van der Wiel, 1987 1. �a4! �a3 ! z. �xb4+! �xb4 3· Aei+! (3. 18. ttlbs! ± (If 18. ctJe2(with the idea g4, Ac;), Acs+� �xes 4· �xa3 �c4 =] 3· ... �a4 4· rhen 18. ... ctJe6.] 18. ... ttle6 (18. ... cxb; 19. Aq 0 �XC) S· �XC) +- I-0. kcs kfs 20. �xfs +-] 19· Axe6 fx e6 (19. ... cxb; 20. ka2 ±] zo. ttlxc7 W>

0 E10-27 S· ... tL:lc6+ 6. 'i!;>ds tL:las = ; Petrosian - Fischer, Portoroi 1958 C) 3· tL:la6 3· ... tL:le3 4· cs tL:lc4+ S· c;!;>ds tL:las =]

It is a trap! I • ••• tbb3 2. tbai!! 32· tL:lxfs+? is bad due to : 32 . ... tL:lxfs 33· El.xf5 (2. tL:le3?tL:las 3·c;!;>e4 tL:lxc4 =]

!'l.h8! -+ fo llowed by �g6. 2 • ••• tbxai p .. E:h2 (32. E!.xfs !'l.h8! -+ ]32 • ••• Ad7 33· E:hi (2. ... tL:las3· tL:lb3+ +- (3. �b3? �c3) 3· ... tL:lxb3 E:h8 34· tbc2! ± %-%. 4· �xb3 �C3 s. c;!;>ds +-] 3· Aa4 c;;,C3 4· c;;,d5 c;;,b4 5· Adi 0 +- I-o. 0 E1o-28 Yu supov - Ligterink, Amsterdam 1978 0 E10-31 (Is. ... tL:lcs? is bad because of 16. Axc4! (16. Yusupov - Suetin, Moscow1980 Axf6 Axf6 17. Axc4 �b6 55) 16. ... tL:lfxe4 2I. tbf6 + ! c;;,h82.2.. E:bi (22. tL:lg4Axh 23. Axh

(16 . ... tL:lcxe417 . fx e4) 17. fxe4 Axc3 18. 'tifxq E!.xd1 24. .t::l.xd1 Ag5 ±] 22• ••• Wc7 23. E:xb7! tL:lxe4 19. 1tid4 tL:lxg5 20. h4! +-.] (23. tL:lg4 �xf3 ±] 23• ••• Wxb7 24. tbg4 ! +­

I5• ••• b5 I6. axb5 axb5 I7. Ae3 Wb7 I8. E:fbi [24. tLlg5�c7 25. tL:lgxh7 ±] 24• ••• tbf5 25. E:fc8 I9. b4 tbe8 20. Ad4 ;t %-%. tbh4We7 26. tbxf5 gxf5 27. tbxh6 Wg5 28. tbxf5! [28. tL:lxfs \3!xfs 29. \3!xfs exfs 30. e6+ 0 E10-29 'i!;>g8 31. e7 +-) I-0. Nezhmetdinov - Konstantinov, Rostov-on-Don 1936 0 E10-32 n. q! Axq+�� I2. bxq Wxq+ I3. 1f!id2! Ruban - Dautov, Novosibirsk 1989

Wxai� I4. Abi!! +- (6�b2] I-o. I5· ••• g5! I6. tbxe4 dxe4 I7. tbd2 f6 I8. d5! fx e5 I9. Wxe5 E:e8 (19. ... �d7!? 20. tL:lxe4 0 E10-30 g4 + ] 2o. tbxe4 tbc5 (20 . ... g4 21. d6 �; 20 . ... Yo chanan Afek, I977 'tifd7!? 21. d6 �d8] 2I. tbxc5�! (o21. d6 !? cxd6 I. tbc2 22. tL:lxd6 Axd6 23. �xg5+ 'i!;>h8 (23 . ... �f7? (1. �a4? cxb4 2. cs b3 3· �xb3 tL:lxb3 4· c6 tL:las 24. E!.xd6 El.e6 2s. 'tiffs+ c;!;>e7 26. 1tixh7+�xd6 S· C7 tL:lc6+ 6. 'i!;>d6 tL:la7=; 27. !'l.d1+ �es 28. \3!f7 +-) 24. \3!f6 + 'i!;>g8 2s.

1. tL:la6? �xd1 2. tL:lxcs tL:lc2 'tifgs+ =] 2I • ••• bxc5 22. E:aCI�! (22. Ae4 'tifd7

A) 3· tL:ld3 �d2 4· c5 c;!;>xd3 5· c6 tL:ld4 6. C7 23. �fs �d6 24. �e6+ 1tixe6 +] 22 • ••• Wd8 23. tL:lc6+=; Ah3 Ac8 + o-I. B) 3· tL:lb3 tL:lb44· �d4 'i!;>c2 s. tL:lcs(s. tL:lastL:la6) I86 CHAPTER 10 TRAPPING A PIECE

Score table

N� Points Your Points N� Poi nts You r Points N� Points Your Points

1 1 12 3 23 3

2 1 13 3 24 3

3 1 14 3 25 4

4 1 15 3 26 4

5 1 16 3 27 4

6 2 17 3 28 4

7 2 18 3 29 4

8 2 19 3 30 4

9 2 20 3 31 5

10 2 21 3 32 5

11 2 22 3

total 90

Poi nts Pl ayi ng Strength less than 5 poi nts begi nner 5-20 poi nts ELO 800 - 1000 21 -30 points ELO 1000 - 1500 31 -45 points ELO 1500 - 1800 46 -60 points ELO 1800 - 2100 61 -75 poi nts ELO 2100 -2300 76 -90 poi nts ELO above 2300 Appendix

Index of composers and analysts

Names in italics refer to analysts.

A G Adorjdn, Andrds, 167 Gorgiev, Tigran, 25 Afek, Yochanan, 124, 185 Gotsdiner, G., 52 Averbakh, Yu ri, 41, 55 Greco, Gioacchino, 53 Grigoriev, Nikolay Dmitrievich, 123, 126, 150, B 151 Beliavsky, Alexander, 92, 93, 167 Gurvich, Abram, 126, 149 Bondarenko, Filipp, 27 Breukelen, Gijs van, 52, 53 H Bron, Vladimir, 112, 123 Herbstman, Alexander, 52 Hildebrand, Alexander, 148 c Holzhausen, Walther von, 40 Cheron, Andre, 151 Horwitz, Bernhard, 151 Hubner,Robert, 169 D Huzman, Alexander, 91 Darga, Klaus, 15 Del Rio, Ercole, 147 Donev, lvo Hristov, 172 Illustrative example, 147 Dreev, Alexey, 70 Duras, Oldfich, 52 K Dvizov, Evgeny, 52 Kaila, Osmo, 54 Dvoretsky, Mark, 17, 38, 70, 115, 150, 169 Kasparian, Genrikh Moiseevich, 112 Kasparov, Garry, 184 E Kissling, G., 26 Euwe, Machielis, 82 Kliatskin, Mikhail, 184 Josef Kling & Bernhard Horwitz, 42 F Kosek, V. , 54 Ferdesi, 97 Kotov, Alexander, 57, 171 Fridstein, 123 Kozirev, V. , 127 Frink, Orrin, 52 Kramnik, Vladimir, 70, 88-91 Fritz, Jindfich, 25, 137 Krikheli, losif, 52 Ftdcnfk, Lj ubomfr, 89, 91 Kubbel, Leonid, 149, 184 Kuznetsov, Alexander, 27 Kuznetsov, Anatoly Georgievich, 53 188 APPENDIX

L s Lasker, Emanuel, 110, 135, 136 Smyslov, Va ssi{y, 57 Levenfish,Gr igory, 96, 109 Stohl, Igor, 90 Levenpsh, Grigory, 98 Lewitt, Moritz, 147 T Ta imanov, Mark, 167 M Ta rrasch, Siegbert, 110 Makagonov, Vladimir Andreevich, 57 Ta rtakower, Savie{y, 72 Makarychev, Sergey , So Troitzky, Alexei Alexeyevich, 52 Matous, Mario, 29 Mednis, Edmar, 39, 53 u Mees, W. , 54 Umnov, G., 54 Megvinishvili, N., 54 unknown, 52

N v Nimzowitsch, Aaron, 79 Van Vliet, Louis, 148 Vancura, Josef, 149 0 Vlasenko, V. , 127 Oj anen, A., 147 w p Winants, Luc, 91 Petrosian, Tigran, 53 Wotawa, Alois, 17 Pogosjants, Ernest, 29 Polugaevsk.y, Lev, 82 y Psakhis, Lev, 89 Yu supov, Artur, 38, 53, 91, 94

R z Rauzer, Vsevolod, 41 Zaitsev, Igor, 27, 28 Reti, Richard, 25, 123 Zhuravlev, Nikolay , 110 Rinck, Henri, 111, 112, 148, 149 INDEX OF GAMES !89

Index of games

Numbers in bold indicate that the first named player had Black.

A Baturin - Yusupov, 167 Adams, Edward Bradford - To rre Repetto, Beliavsky, Alexander-Cabrilo, 169 13 -Chandler, 109 Adams, Michael - Piker, 150 -Geller, 154 - Yusupov, 26 - Strikovic, 92 Adorjan, Andras - Yusupov, 167 - Yusupov, 109, 167, 169 Alden - Nilsson, 11 Belousov - Selyavkin, 11 Alekhine, Alexander- Bernstein, 11 Bely, Miklos - Karaklajic, 184 - Bogoljubow, 109 Bernstein, Ossip-Alekhine, 11 -Frieman, 12 - Capablanca, 1 -Jahner, 12 Bilek, Istvan - Smyslov, 183 - Kehnlein, 11 Bogoljubow, Efim- Alekhine, 109 - Reshevsky, 11 -Hussong, 24 -Rubinstein, 183 - Reri, 12 - Reri, 96 Boleslavsky, Isaak - Ragozin, 123 Ambroz, Jan - lnkiov, 155 - Smyslov, 69 Anand, Viswanathan - Andersson, 25 Bensch, Uwe - Yusupov, 183 -Gelfand, 125 Botvinnik, Mikhail- Chekhover, 69 - Karpov, 123 - Kan, 69 - Kasparov, 92 - Ragozin, 71 - Kramnik, 88 - Smyslov, 71 -Salov, 24 - Sorokin, 71, 109 -Tomczak, 25 -Spielmann, 184 - Tu kmakov, 24 - Stepanov, 184 - Yu supov, 147 - Ta imanov, 148, 167 Anderssen, Adolf- Paulsen, 11 -Tal, 72 -Staunton, 97 Brestian, Egan - Yusupov, 135 Andersson, Ulf- Anand, 25 Bronstein, David - Mikenas, 11 -McNab, 147 - Pachman, 111 Antunes, Antonio - Loek, 109 Burn, Amos -Janowski, 11 Arbakov, Valentin - Yusupov, 184 Buts - Fauskas, 174 Aronin, Lev Solomonovich - Mikenas, 11 Averbakh, Yu ri - Herberg, 110 c Cabrilo, Goran - Beliavsky, 169 8 Campara, Daniel -Jansa, 167 Bagirov, Vladimir- Planinc, 124 Campos Lopez, Mario -Smith, 39 Balogh - Szily, 147 Capablanca, Jose - Bernstein, 1 Baramidze, David - Smeets, 147 - Fonaroff, 12 Bareev, Evgeny- Hellers, 109 - Nimzowitsch, 148 190 APPENDIX

-Rubinstein, 110 - Petrosian, 70, 153, 185 - Samisch, 95 - Reshevsky, 136, 183 -Steiner, 171 - Spassky, 109 -Winter, 172 - Ta imanov, 36 Chandler, Murray - Beliavsky, 109 Flohr, Salo - Taimanov, 167 - Polgar, 37 Foldi,J6zsef- Lukacs, 150 Chekhov, Valery- Peresipkin, 183 Fonaroff, Marc - Capablanca, 12 - Psakhis, 155 Fontein, George Saito - Euwe, 11 - Yusu pov, 169 Frieman, A-Alekhine, 12 Chekhover, Vitaly- Botvinnik, 69 Furman, Semen Abramovich - Smyslov, 69 Christi an sen, Larry - Karpov, 95 Crouch, Colin- Speelman, 12 G Csom, Istvan - Karpov, 124 Gabriel, Christian - Michaelsen, 124 - Kindermann, 109 Gaidarov - Gutman, 183 - Yu supov, 168 Galliamova, Alisa-Xiejun, 111 Gaprindashvili, Nona- Servaty, 25 D Garda Vera, Oscar-Grau, 96 Dautov, Rustem - Ruban, 185 Gelfand, Boris - Anand, 125 -Sermek, 41 Geller, Efim-Beliavsky, 154 - Yusupov, 26 Ghinda, Mihail - Yusupov, 70 Day-van derWiel, 168 Glienke, Manfred - Yusupov, 166 Dlez del Corral, jesus- Timman, 70 Gligoric, Svetozar-Smyslov, 136 Dj aja, Dragutin-Staudte, 11 - Yusupov, 168 Durie, Stefan - Yusupov, 169 Gol'berg-Zhuk, 147 Dolmatov, Sergey - Yusupov, 78, 86 Granda Zuniga, Julio - Svidler, 24 Domes - Fedorov, 110 Grau, Roberto - Garda Ve ra, 96 Dreev, Alexey - Kramnik, 59 Grigorian, Karen Ashotovich - Kupreichik, 73 E Gr6szpeter, Attila- Kupreichik, 166 Ehlvest, Jaan - Nogueiras, 109 Gulko, Boris - Sveshnikov, 54 Eingorn, Vereslav - Smyslov, 148 Gurevich, Mikhail - Razuvaev, 110 Epishin, Vladimir-Yusupov, 125 Gutman, Lev - Gaidarov, 183 Estrin, Ya kov - Kletsel, 71 - Mikenas, 38 Euwe, Machgielis- Fontein, 11 -Vidmar, 12 H Hellers, Ferdinand - Bareev, 109 F Hernandez, Roman - Yusupov, 71 Fauskas - Buts, 174 Holzhauer, Mathias - Yusupov, 111 Fedorov - Domes, 110 Honfi,Karoly ne - Minic, 11 Fejzullahu, Afrim-Yusupov, 183 Herberg, Bengt-Eric - Averbakh, 110 Fernandez - Pahtz, 109 Hubner, Robert - Nikolaidis, 110 Feuer, B. H.- O'Kelly de Galway, 109 Hulak, Krunoslav - Yusupov, 166 Fischer, Robert - Keres, 72 Huss, Andreas - Razuvaev, (71) INDEX OF GAMES 1 91

Hussong, Hugo - Bogoljubow, 24 Konstanti nov- Nezhmetdinov, 185 Korchnoi, Viktor- Karpov, 43 - Spassky, 82 lnkiov, Ventzislav-Ambroz, 155 Kotov, Alexander- Najdorf, 27 loseliani, Nana-XieJun, 2 Kotronias, Vasilios- Yusupov, 149 Ivanov, Alexander- Malaniuk, 168 Kouatly, Bachar- Yusupov, 85 Kramnik, Vladimir-Anand, 88 J - Dreev, 59 Janowski, Dawid Markelowicz - Burn, 11 - Nijboer, 91 Jansa, Vlastimil - Campara, 167 - Nunn, 87 Jimenez-Zerquera, Eleazar- Larsen, 72 -Polgar, 88, 90 Johner- Alekhine, 12 -Shirov, 90 - Timman, 75 K - Yusupov, 87 Kamyshev- Rovner, 11 Kupreichik, Viktor-Grigorian, 73 Kan, Ilia Abramovich - Botvinnik, 69 - Gr6szpeter, 166 Kanzyn - Vodopyanov, 12 - Yusupov, 169 Kapengut, Albert - Zhuravlev, 109 Kuzmin, Gennadi- Timoshchenko, 123 Karaklajic, Nikola- Bely, 184 Kuznetsov - Petukhov, 53 Karpov, Anatoly- Anand, 123 -Christiansen, 95 l - Csom, 124 Larsen, Bent-Jimenez-Zerquera, 72 - Korchnoi, 43 - Petrosian , 53 - Spassky, 72, 72, 154 Lasker-NN, 110 - To palov, 111 Lasker, Emanuel - Rubinstein, 110 Kasimdzhanov, Rustam - Kasparov, 172 Laurent- Lund-Jensen, 183 Kasparov, Garry - Anand, 92 Lepek- Kohnen, 12 - Kasimdzhanov, 172 Levin, Alexander- Zejbot, 147 -Pribyl, 93 Ligterink, Gert - Yusupov, 185 -Short, 40 Lilienthal, Andor- Smyslov, 11, 25 -van der Wiel, 184 Lobron, Eric - Svidler, 15 - Vladimirov, 174 -van derWiel, 41 -Vukic, 70 towcki, Moj.iesz - Tartakower, 12 - Yusupov, 149, 166, 183 Lputian, Smbat - Yusupov, 117 Kavalek, Lubomir- Portisch, 37 Lukacs, Peter- Foldi, 150 Kengis, Edvins- Yusupov, 157 Lund-Jensen - Laurent, 183 Keres, Paul - Fischer, 72 - Spassky, 81 M Kindermann, Stefan- Csom, 109 Mainka, Gregor-Yusupov, 157 Klarenbeek, Hans- Yusupov, 183 Malaniuk, Vladimir- Ivanov, 168 Kletsel, M-Estrin, 71 Marshall, Frank-Schlechter, 71 Kohnen - Lepek, 12 Martini, Marco - Yusupov, 166 Kohnlein, H-Alekhine, 11 Matanovic, Aleksandar - Petrosian, 184 19 2 APPENDIX

McNab, Colin -Andersson, 147 - Smyslov, 167 Merger, Johannes - Paulsen, 54 - Spassky, 81 Michaelsen, Nils- Gabriel, 124 - Suetin, 153 Mikenas, Vladas - Aronin, 11 Petu khov - Kuznetsov, 53 - Bronstein, 11 Petursson, Margeir-Yusupov, 115 -Gutman, 38 Piket, Jeroen - Adams, 150 Miles, Anthony- Yusupov, 148 Pirrot, Dieter- Yusupov, 147, 184 Milov, Vadim - Yusupov, 24 Planinc, Albin- Bagirov, 124 Minic, Dragoljub - Honfi, 11 - Raicevic, 38 Mititelu, Gheorghe - To lush, 111 Polgar, Zsuzsa - Chandler, 37 Morovic Fernandez, Ivan - Yusupov, 184 Polgar,Judit- Kramnik, 88, 90 Movsesian, Sergei - Yusupov, 124 Ponomariov, Ruslan - Sutovsky, 173 Portisch, Lajos - Kavalek, 37 N Pribyl, Josef- Kasparov, 93 Najdorf, Miguel - Kotov, 27 Psakhis, Lev - Chekhov, 155 Nezhmetdinov, Rashid - Konstantinov, 185 - Yusupov, 156 Nielsen, Paul Erik- Ravikumar, 124 Nijboer, Friso - Kramnik, 91 R Nikolaidis, loannis- Hubner, 110 Ragozin, Viacheslav - Boleslavsky, 123 Nilsson, L-Aiden, 11 - Botvinnik, 71 Nimzowitsch, Aaron - Capablanca, 148 Raicevic, Vladimir- Planinc, 38 - Samisch, 79 Rasin, Jacob - Yusupov, 168 NN - Lasker, 110 Ravikumar, Vaidyanathan - Nielsen, 124 NN - NN, 11, 11 Razuvaev, Yuri - Gurevich, 110 NN - Swiderski, 109 - Huss, (71) Nogueiras, Jesus - Ehlvest, 109 - Vasiukov, 109 - Yusupov, 16 - Yusupov, 70, 83 Nunn,John- Kramnik, 87 Ree, Hans- Tim man, 138 Renet, Olivier-Yusupov, 70 0 Reshevsky, Samuel - Alekhine, 11 Olland, Adolf Georg - Wolf, 24 - Fischer, 136, 183 O'Kelly de Galway, Alberic - Feuer, 109 - Smyslov, 72 - Tatai, 53 p Reti, Richard - Alekhine, 96 Pachman, Ludek - Bronstein, 111 - Bogoljubow, 12 Pahtz, Thomas - Fernandez, 109 Ribli, Zoltan - Yusupov, 84 Paulsen, Louis - Anderssen, 11 Rokhlin, Ya kov - Silich, 24 -Merger, 54 Romanishin, Oleg - Yusupov, 183 Peresipkin, Vladimir-Chekhov, 183 Romanovsky, Peter Arsenievich - Stepanov, Petrosian, Tigran - Fischer, 70, 153, 185 109 - Larsen, 53 Rovner, Dmitry Osipovich - Kamyshev, 11 - Matanovic, 184 Ruban, Vadim - Dautov, 185 - Simagin, 97 Rubinstein, Akiba - Alekhine, 183 INDEX OF GAMES 193

- Capablanca, 110 - Karpov, 72, 72, 154 - Lasker, 110 -Keres, 81 - Korchnoi, 82 s - Petrosian, 81 Salov, Valery - Anand, 24 - Timman, 148 - Yusupov, 24 Speelman, Jonathan - Crouch, 12 Samisch, Fritz-Capablanca, 95 - Smyslov, 110 - Nimzowitsch, 79 Spielmann, Rudolf- Botvinnik, 184 Sax, Gyula- Yusupov, 84, 184 Spiridonov, Nikola- Uhlmann, 110 Schlechter, Carl - Marshall, 71 Spraggett, Kevin - Yusupov, 57 Schlosser, Philipp- Yusupov, 27 Staudte, Hans Hilmar- Djaja, 11 Seirawan, Yasser- Yusupov, 168 Staunton, Howard - Anderssen, 97 Selyavkin-Belousov, 11 Steiner, Endre - Capablanca, 171 Sermek, Drazen - Dautov, 41 Stepanov, G. - Botvinnik, 184 Servaty, Rudolf- Gaprindashvi li, 25 - Romanovsky, 109 Shampouw-Silalachi, 12 Sterren, Paul van der- Yusupov, 76 Shirov, Alexei - Kramnik, 90 Stohl, Igor-Yusupov, 86 - Yusupov, 11, 173 Stoltz, Gosta - Sliwa, 12 Short, Nigel - Kasparov, 40 Strikovic, Aleksa - Beliavsky, 92 Silalachi - Shampouw, 12 Stromberg, Peter-Vedder, 110 Silich, Vladislav - Rokhlin, 24 Suetin, Alexey - Petrosian, 153 Simagin, Vladimir- Petrosian, 97 - Yusupov, 185 Sliwa, Bogdan - Stoltz, 12 Sutovsky, Emil - Ponomariov, 173 Slutzky, Leonid - Yusupov, 166 Sveshnikov, Evgeny- Gulko, 54 Smeets, Jan - Baramidze, 147 Svidler, Peter- Granda Zuniga, 24 Smith, Kenneth - Campos Lopez, 39 - Lobron, 15 Smyslov, Vassily- Bilek, 183 Swiderski, Rudolf- NN, 109 - Boleslavsky, 69 Szily- Balogh, 147 - Botvinnik, 71 - Eingorn, 148 T -Furman, 69 Ta imanov, Mark - Botvinnik, 148, 167 - Gligoric, 136 - Fischer, 36 -Lilienthal, 11, 25 -Flohr, 167 - Petrosian, 167 - Yusupov, 168 - Reshevsky, 72 Ta l, Mikhail - Botvinnik, 72 -Speelman, 110 - Smyslov, 69, 71 -Tal, 69,71 Ta rtakower, Savielly - towcki, 12 - To lush, 183 Ta tai, Stefano - Reshevsky, 53 Sokolov, Andrei - Yusupov, 12, 183 Timman,Jan - Dfez del Corral, 70 Sorokin, Maxim - Yusupov, 124 - Kramnik, 75 Sorokin, Nikolay - Botvinnik, 71, 109 - Ree, 138 Spasov, Liuben - Yusupov, 166 - Spassky, 148 Spassky, Boris - Fischer, 109 -Torre, 11 194 APPENDIX

- Yusupov, 26, 183 y Timoshchenko, Gennadi - Kuzmin, 123 Yuksti - Vooremaa, 110 To lush, Alexander- Mititelu, 111 Yusupov, Artur-Adams, 26 - Smyslov, 183 - Adorjan, 167 To mczak, Rainer- Anand, 25 -Anand, 147 To palov, Veselin - Karpov, 111 - Arbakov, 184 To rre Repetto, Carlos - Adams, 13 - Baturin, 167 To rre, Eugenio - Tim man, 11 - Beliavsky, 109, 167, 169 - Yusupov, 78 - Brestian, 135 Ts eshkovsky, Vitaly- Yusupov, 168 - Bonsch, 183 Tu kmakov, Vladimir-Anand, 24 - Chekhov, 169 - Yu supov, So, 167 -Csom, 168 - Dautov, z6 u -Durie, 169 Uhlmann, Wolfgang - Spiridonov, 110 - Dolmatov, 78, 86 - Yusupov, 171 - Epishin, 125 - Fejzullahu, 183 v - Ghinda, 70 Vaganian, Rafael - Yusupov, 166 - Glienke, 166 va·isser, Anatoli-Yusupov, 168 - Gligoric, 168 Vasiukov, Evgeni - Razuvaev, 109 -Hernandez, 71 Vedder, Henk- Stromberg, 110 -Holzhauer, 111 Vidmar, Milan - Euwe, 12 - Hulak, 166 Vilela,Jose Luis- Yusupov, 166 - Kasparov, 149, 166, 183 Vladimirov, Evgeny- Kasparov, 174 - Kengis, 157 Vodopyanov- Kanzyn, 12 - Klarenbeek, 183 Vooremaa, Andres - Yu ksti, 110 - Kotronias, 149 Vu kic, Milan - Kasparov, 70 - Kouatly, 85 Vulfson, Vladimir-Yusupov, 166 - Kramnik, 87 - Kupreichik, 169 w - Ligterink, 185 Wely, Loek van - Antunes, 109 - Lputian, 117 Wiei,John van der- Day, 168 - Mainka, 157 - Kasparov, 184 -Martini, 166 - Lebron, 41 -Miles, 148 Winter, William - Capablanca, 172 - Milov, 24 Wirthensohn, Heinz - Yusupov, 70 - Morovic Fernandez, 184 Wo lf, Heinrich - Oil and, 24 - Movsesian, 124 - Nogueiras, 16 X - Pirrot, 147, 184 Xie Jun - Galliamova, 111 - Psakhis, 156 -loseliani, 2 - Petursson, 115 - Rasin, 168 INDEX OF GAMES 195

- Razuvaev, 70, 83 -Torre, 78 - Renet, 70 - Ts eshkovsky, 168 - Ribli, 84 - Tu kmakov, 8o, 167 - Romanishin, 183 -Uhlmann, 171 -Salov, 24 - Vaganian, 166 -Sax, 84, 184 -van der Sterren, 76 -Schlosser, 27 - Va'isser, 168 - Seirawan, 168 -Vi lela, 166 - Shirov, 11, 173 - Vulfson, 166 -Slutzky, 166 - Wirthensohn, 70 - Sokolov, 12, 183 -Zapata, 184 - Sorokin, 124 - Spasov, 166 z - Spraggett, 57 Zapata, Alonso - Yusupov, 184 -Stohl, 86 Zejbot, I.M.- Levin, 147 - Suetin, 185 Zhuk- Gol'berg, 147 - Ta imanov, 168 Zhuravlev, Nikolay-Kapengut, 109 - Timman, 26, 183 196 APPENDIX

Explanation of symbols

;!; white stands slightly better 00 unclear ± white has a clear advantage i50 with compensation fo r the material +- white has a decisive advantage Q better is 1-0 white won 1:::. with the idea + black stands slightly better )( weak point, or endangered piece + black has a clear advantage () development advantage -+ black has a decisive advantage 0 greater board room 0-1 black won 0 zugzwang equal or equal chances 0 only move ¥2-Yz draw � file # mate � diagonal I? an interesting move IE centre I a very good move )) kingside II an excellent move (( queenside ?I a dubious move ED time ? a mistake .l ending ?? a @ pair of bishops --+ with attack � bishops of opposite colour t with initiative .. bishops of the same colour

--+ t - with counterplay 0 passed pawn D white to move rn what should white play? • black to move 6 what should black play?