_____ and A. Finkel. History of the Canadian _____ and A. Finkel, eds. Foundations: Peoples: 1867 to the Present, 3rd ed. Readings in Pre-Confederation Canadian Toronto: Pearson Longman, 2002. History. 2nd ed. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada, 2008. _____ and A. Finkel. Canada: A National History. Toronto: Pearson Longman, 2003. _____ and A. Finkel, eds. Nation and Society: Readings in Post-Confederation History. 2nd _____ and A. Finkel. "Textbook Wars: ed. Toronto: Pearson Education Canada, Canadian Style," Canadian Issues (October 2008. 2003): 12-15. _____, J. Letourneau and D. Northrup, _____. "W hat's Governance Got to Do With "Canadians and Their Pasts: An Exploration It? Two Investigations into the State of Atlantic in Historical Consciousness," The Public Canada," Acadiensis 33.1 (Autumn 2003): 87- Historian 31.1 (February 2009): 15-34. 96. _____ and A. Finkel. History of the Canadian _____. "Addressing the Democratic Deficit: Peoples: Beginnings to 1867. 5th ed. Toronto: W omen and Political Culture in Atlantic Pearson Education Canada, 2009. Canada," Atlantis: A Women's Studies Journal 27.2 (2003): 82-89. _____ and A. Finkel. History of the Canadian Peoples: 1867 to the Present. 5th ed. Toronto: _____ and A. Finkel, eds. Nation and Society: Pearson Education Canada, 2009. Readings in Post-Confederation Canadian History. Toronto: Pearson Longman, 2004. _____"Remembering Firsts: Female Politicians in the Atlantic Provinces in the _____ and J. Hiller. Atlantic Canada: a Twentieth Century," Making Up the State: Concise History. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford Women in 20th Century Atlantic Canada, J. University Press, 2006. Guildford and S. Morton, eds. Fredericton: Acadiensis Press, forthcoming. _____. "Regionalism in a Flat World," ______Acadiensis 35.2 (Spring 2006): 138-43. Margaret Conrad: Planter and _____ and A. Finkel. History of the Canadian Peoples: Beginnings to 1867. 4th ed. Toronto: Loyalist Contributions Pearson Longman, 2006. GWENDOLYN DAVIES, FRSC, is Professor and Dean Emerita in English and the School of Graduate Studies, University of New Brunswick. Having _____ and A. Finkel. History of the Canadian spent the 2008-09 academic year as Visiting th Peoples: 1867 to the Present. 4 ed. Toronto: Fellow in Book History at Massey College, Pearson Longman, 2006. University of Toronto, and Academic Visitor, St. Hilda's College, Oxford University, she is currently _____ and A. Finkel. Canada: A National working on books on Loyalist women and Loyalist History. 2nd ed. Toronto: Pearson Longman, printers. 2007. Abstract _____. "2007 Presidential Address of the This paper examines Margaret Conrad's CHA: Public History and Its Discontents," central contributions to the fields of Planter Journal of the Canadian Historical Association and Loyalist Studies, underlining her 18.1 (2007): 2-36. combination of originality in research and commitment to making this history accessible _____. "History Does Matter: The Future of to the general public. the Past in Atlantic Canada," Literary Review of Canada (October 2008): 3-5.

www.msvu.ca/atlantis PR Atlantis 34.2, 2010 7 Résumé ice cream and ginger Christmas cakes are Cet article étudie les contributions centrales uniquely regional. de Margaret Conrad dans le domaine des Finally, as I read the side notes to the études Planteurs et des études Loyalistes, Glenaladale Christmas Cake recipe, I am soulignant sa combinaison d'originalité dans drawn to the verb "invent" in the margin. What la recherche et son engagement à rendre cake baker dare "invent"? Yet Margaret, just cette histoire accessible au grand public. as she does with her students, just as she does with her own research, pushes against conformity to get an interesting result. Who Whether imaginatively resurrecting else would say: "Forget raisins in your traditional recipes (The Joy of Ginger), editing Christmas cake. Try blueberries." Maritime women's diaries, stimulating In the long run, what we have in research into the 1760 Planter Maritime Margaret's Glenaladale Christmas cake migration (They Planted Well), or leading recipe is the intersection of research and virtual archives projects (Loyalist Women in originality - a combination that she has New Brunswick; Black Loyalists), Margaret brought to every endeavour that she has Conrad has made enduring contributions to undertaken, whether creating a cookbook, Planter and Loyalist scholarship. helping to set up a Centre for Planter Studies In her co-authored cookbook, The at Acadia University, or working with the Joy of Ginger, Margaret Conrad includes a Electronic Text Centre (ETC) at the University recipe for Glenaladale Christmas Cake, a of New Brunswick (UNB) to resuscitate the dark fruitcake rich with inventiveness. As a marginalized lives of Loyalist women and recipe, it bears many of the characteristics Black Loyalists. I have been privileged to that have been hallmarks of Margaret's career know Margaret in all these roles - to have as an historian. It is, she informs us in the been living in Wolfville when she and Heather liner notes, a tried and true recipe originally MacDonald were testing recipes for their obtained from a cook at Macdonald College in cookbook at special Friday night dinners; to Montreal, for many years the seat of have moved to Acadia from Mount Allison in household science training in Canada. In 1988 just as the Planter Studies Centre, with other words, the recipe for this cake, typical of Barry Moody and Margaret at its core, Margaret's approach to any subject, is planned conferences, published proceedings, founded on research. It is also, she adds, a and stimulated public outreach; and, in the recipe inherited from her grandmother, Laura past eight years, to have been part of the Slauenwhite, of Lunenburg County. The University of New Brunswick's infrastructure recipe is, then, an enduring manifestation of when Margaret joined the faculty as a Tier 1 women's work, of women's stories, of Canada Research Chair (CRC) in Atlantic women's legacies handed down from one Canada Studies. As at Acadia, she has been generation to the next. Like the diaries that a catalyst at UNB in stimulating projects and have formed such a strong core of Margaret's research, this time in Loyalist Studies. And, in academic writing, this cookbook and its the process, she has successfully applied for recipes have resonance as part of a pattern of national research funds that have generated cultural continuity. a series of exciting projects, including a But this cake, unlike most Christmas re-assessment of the importance of the cakes, contains ginger - indeed, a cup of it - Edward Winslow letters, an eighteenth to an ingredient elemental in the infrastructure of nineteenth-century collection, valued at a nineteenth-century Maritime trade and million dollars, that had been languishing in domestic use. Like molasses, ginger was a Archives and Special Collections until staple in the region, a spice brought from Margaret reminded people of their liveliness exotic climes in exchange for dried cod, and and importance. it is typical of the understanding of cultural In terms of the continuity of period patterns that Margaret brings to her analysis and subject matter, there seems to be an of Maritime history that she knows that ginger almost seamless line between what Margaret

8 Atlantis 34.2, 2010 PR www.msvu.ca/atlantis helped to achieve in the creation of Planter organization represent Margaret's excellent Studies at Acadia and what she has editing skills. It may not be well known that, stimulated in Loyalist Studies at UNB. In an early in her career, she was an editor for unexpected way, the late historian, Esther Clarke Irwin, and, ever since, she has brought Clark Wright, is a common thread between to her own writing, and to her editing of these two parts of Margaret's influence and collections such as those in the Planter career. Born in Fredericton, the daughter of a series, a level of acumen, meticulous former Lieutenant Governor of New research, and clarity of expression that are Brunswick - a PhD graduate of Radcliffe at highly professional. They Planted Well: New Harvard, known for landmark books such as England Planters In Maritime Canada reflects Planters and Pioneers (1978) and the Margaret's sure editorial hand in all of these Loyalists of New Brunswick (1955) - Esther categories, and, in an insightful introduction, Clark Wright lived within walking distance of puts to rest the term "pre-Loyalist" for the the Beveridge Arts Centre at Acadia (indeed, Planters forever. The final words of the book the Acadia Archives is named in her memory). -"Hang on to your spelling!" - are those of It was at her house, over tea sometime in the Esther Clark Wright to the assembled 1970s, recalls Barry Moody (for many years conference after being made the first Planter Chair of the History Department at Acadia), Scholar in the Planter Studies Centre. that he, Margaret, and Dr. Wright spoke with Whether we can honour that charge in the enthusiasm about the scholarly work waiting age of Google remains to be seen. to be done on the approximately 8000 There are many highlights that Planters who had immigrated to Nova Scotia emerge from the successive Planter between 1759 and 1774. It was there, he Conferences and from the proceedings: feels, with the support of former President Making Adjustments: Change and Continuity Watson Kirkconnell, that the idea for a Planter in Planter Nova Scotia: 1759-1800 (1991) and Studies Committee (established in the History Intimate Relations: Family and Community in Department in 1983) and, more importantly, a Planter Nova Scotia: 1759-1800 (1995), both Planter Studies Centre, was conceived. edited by Margaret (she has also, more Today, the Centre has been operating as a recently, co-edited a fourth volume with Barry stimulus for Planter research for more than Moody). In her introductions to the various twenty years, but, "without Margaret," noted volumes, she not only reminds us of the new Barry Moody in a telephone conversation on research emerging in the papers of the 29 April 2009, "Planter Studies would not collections but also the exciting artistic and have happened. We would have talked about public events stimulated by the Planter it - but she made it happen." conferences - for example, the launching of In particular, Margaret was the driving Professor Michael Miller's opera on Henry force behind the first Planter conference, an Alline in the Acadia chapel; a concert of exciting opportunity for new research Planter-era music performed by the Elastic organized around the title,"They Planted Millennium Choir in the old Covenanter's Well," and drawing one hundred and fifty Church at Grand Pré; and a field trip to the people from all parts of Canada and beyond. Kentville Courthouse Museum where Parks As was to be a pattern in the next two Canada had mounted a Planter exhibit in conferences as well, the organizing conjunction with the 1993 conference. My own committee invited a keynote speaker from the favourite memory of those golden cultural United States to provide the New England moments informing the conference sessions background to current work going on in (no one skipped anything) was Mount Allison Canada. Out of that first conference came a poet Douglas Lochhead's reading of his long collection of essays published by Acadiensis poem, "Homage to Henry Alline," written Press in 1988 (and now available on-line on especially for the conference. And, as we sat the UNB website). This was edited by in the golden twilight of the Old Covenanter's Margaret and it is a landmark volume. First of Church at Grand Pré - eyes turned upward to all, its tight editing, quality of writing, and the early 19th century pulpit where the poet

www.msvu.ca/atlantis PR Atlantis 34.2, 2010 9 was delivering his rhetorical line: "Your horse, Archive (atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca), a "bilingual, Henry. What about your horse?" - a lone multilayered website," designed "to explore horse clattered down the centre of the Grand the use of communication technology to Pré road, past the church, galloping off toward support research" related to the Atlantic the dykes, as the words "What about your Provinces, remains one of the most relevant horse?" lingered in the air. electronic resources for those wanting to Several years before Margaret left access "primary and secondary sources on Acadia and moved to the University of New the region." However, it is the Atlantic Canada Brunswick as a Canada Research Chair, she Virtual Archive (ACVA) project - funded by the successfully applied for national funding on Canadian Culture Online Program of behalf of the Planter Studies Centre to Canadian Heritage (and various other donors) support the preparation of New England - that has opened up new possibilities for Planters in the Maritime Provinces, heightening interest in Loyalist research. The 1759-1800: A Bibliography of Primary ACVA has been a joint initiative of Margaret, Sources. Containing over three thousand as Canada Research Chair in Atlantic Canada entries found in archives, libraries, and Studies, and the ETC (Margaret and Lisa museums all over Canada and the United Charlong, until recently Assistant Director of States, the bibliography, prepared by Judith the ETC, have been project directors, and Norton, was added to the Planter Centre there is an Advisory Board). The availability of website in an on-line version readily a searchable electronic collection such as that accessible to the general public. This kind of of the Edward Winslow letters for 1783-85 public accessibility to recent Planter research has made it possible for everyone from had always been a priority for Margaret, who, schoolchildren studying the Loyalists, to with her committee, had invited historical genealogists and historians, to immerse groups, genealogical societies, and the themselves on-line in the witty, truculent, and general public to attend the Planter sometimes inebriated letters of one of New conferences. And the newsletter of the Brunswick's most important colonial figures. Planter Centre, for many years prepared by The site has been praised by educators the late Dr. John Thomas, went out to a wide (school children love to try writing with the range of readers. on-line quill pen). And, for those working on This interest in public history is one colonial culture, the digitized letters provide a that Margaret has carried into her research, fascinating insight into family life and an grant applications, and team initiatives since evolving political infrastructure in New moving to the University of New Brunswick in Brunswick. 2002. Now living in a province that in 2009 More recently, Margaret, working with celebrated the 225th anniversary of its Heritage Canada funding, the ETC, and a Loyalist founding and naming, Margaret has range of academic and private researchers in turned her attention to the next major the Maritime region, has broadened the American migration into the Maritimes availability and accessibility of current Loyalist following the Planters - that of the Loyalists. research by mounting projects on Loyalist We are blessed at UNB to have an Women in New Brunswick and on Black outstanding facility in the ETC, and an even Loyalists on the Atlantic Canada Virtual more outstanding team of inspired Archives website. The Loyalist Women in professionals running it. Margaret was not at New Brunswick: 1783-1854 site makes UNB for very long before her interest in public diaries, poems, letters, legal records and history, in the outstanding archival holdings of articles available to readers ranging from both UNB and the Provincial Archives of New students to genealogists Brunswick, and in the skills and support of the (http://atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca/acva/en/). ETC, intersected to create a series of Moreover, it has helped to consolidate the University of New Brunswick, Canada disparate efforts of those working on the Research Chair, and Heritage Canada Loyalist period by bringing private scholars, funded-projects. Her Atlantic Canada Virtual archivists, museum consultants, academics,

10 Atlantis 34.2, 2010 PR www.msvu.ca/atlantis school teachers, and students together in a are a constant source of fascination for Loyalist Research Network Margaret, we can look forward, I hope, to her (http://loyalistresearchnet.org). At an continuing passion for exploring the lives of organizational meeting held at King's Landing the Anna Green Winslows of the world. in the summer of 2008, Loyalist Research Although - like Esther Clark Wright - I think Network planners decided to create a that the editor in Margaret would have listserve of Loyalist researchers across the responded to Anna's "My Aunt Deming don't country, develop a website supporting the approve of my English," by advising her to research network's interests (including "Hang onto your spelling!" upcoming conferences, new books in the field, etc.), and encourage researchers to References actively disseminate their work in relevant Conrad, M., ed. They Planted Well: New conferences (see also the Loyalist Collection England Planters in Maritime Canada. at www.lib.unb.ca/collections/loyalist). The Fredericton: Acadiensis Press, 1988. Loyalist Research Network, working with Margaret, Professor Bonnie Huskins, and the _____, ed. Making Adjustments: Change and ETC, promises to reinforce the impetus in Continuity in Planter Nova Scotia: 1759-1800. stimulating Loyalist studies that has been Fredericton, NB: Acadiensis Press, 1991. inspired by the energy, vision, and funding that Margaret has brought to her UNB _____, ed. Intimate Relations: Family and web-related projects. Community in Planter Nova Scotia: 1759- In the midst of all of this Loyalist 1800. Fredericton, NB: Acadiensis Press, activity, Margaret has not totally abandoned 1995. the Planters. The keynote speaker at the second Planter conference held at Acadia in _____. "'My Aunt Deming Don't Approve of 1990 was the American scholar of colonial My English:' The Education of W omen in literacy, Jennifer Monaghan, from the City Planter Nova Scotia, 1759-1800." Paper University of New York. She brought to our presented to the Northeast American Society discussions new insights into the degree to for Eighteenth Century Studies, Salem, which our Maritime Planter and Loyalist Massachusetts, November, 2006. women may have been able to write as well as read. Her research sparked Margaret's _____ and H. MacDonald. The Joy of Ginger: interest in the young Anna Green Winslow, A Winning Selection of Taste-Tingling who, in 1770, was sent from her Fort Recipes. Halifax: Nimbus, 1997. Cumberland home to Boston to study penmanship, fine sewing, and the language of Norton, J. New England Planters in the the wider world. Margaret's paper on Anna Maritime Provinces of Canada, 1759-1800: A Green W inslow, "My Aunt Deming Don't Bibliography of Primary Sources. Toronto and Approve of My English," presented to the W olfville: University of Toronto Press in Northeast American Society for association with Planter Studies Centre, Eighteenth-Century Studies in Salem, Acadia University, 1993. Massachusetts, in the fall of 2006, marries her interest in Planter Studies, W omen's Wright, E. The Loyalists of New Brunswick. Studies, and the on-going colonial relationship Fredericton, NB, 1955. between the Maritimes and the Boston states. Its narrative represents, in a sense, the _____. Planters and Pioneers. Wolfville, NS: intellectual curiosity, shrewd cultural analysis, E.C. Wright, 1978. and sheer delight in the vagaries of human nature that have marked so many of http://atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca/acva/en/ Margaret's projects. Because Planter Studies http://loyalistresearchnet.org and, now, Loyalist Studies - especially the role www.lib.unb.ca/collections/loyalist/ of women in those male dominated worlds - ______

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